tZho am\\kw52⁄m-\\-i-‡n-°pw {In-bm-i-‡n-°pw tN-cpw ]-Sn tN¿-Øv D-]m-kn-∏n-®p D-b¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂ a-lm-Kp-cp-°-fm-Wv `m-c-Xo-bk-¶¬-]-Øn-se in-h-i-‡n-am¿.hn-tZym-]m-k-\\ {io-N-{I-co-Xn-b-\\p-k-cn-®v a-lm-tZ-hn-bp-sS Zn-hy-P-\\-\-bp-sS hm-k-ÿm-\\-am-bn {io-N-{I-sØ I-W-°m-°p-∂p.a-{¥w tZ-h-X-bp-sS i-–-i-co-c-am-Wv. b-{¥w cq-]-am-Xr-I-bp-am-Wv.tZ-ho-D-]m-k-\\-bn-se c-≠v am¿-§-ß-fm-Wv a-{¥-hpw b-{¥-hpw D-]-tbmKn-®p-≈ ]q-Pm-co-Xn.i-–-Øn-s‚(a-{¥w) B-h¿-Ø-\\-Øn-eq-sS, izm-k-tØ-bpw a-\\- ns\\-bpw Nn-Ø-tØ-bpw H-cp-an-∏n-®p, Po-h-s\\ D-]m-k-\\-aq¿-Øn-bn¬ D-d-∏n-®p ap-t∂-dp-∂-Xm-Wv a-t{¥m-]m-k-\\._m-ly-am-bn A¿-®-\\, ]q-P, F-∂n-h sN-bv-Xp b-{¥-Øn-s‚ tX-Ptk-‰n D-]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv b-{¥-am¿-§w. ]q-P-bv-°v ap-{Z-I-fp-≠v. Hm-tcm ap-{Z-bpw A-Xm-Xv tZ-h-X-tbm-Sv kw-km-cn-°p-∂ `m-j-bmWv.a-\\p-jy-s‚ D-]m-k-\\m-e-£yw E-Kv--th-Z-Øn¬ `-t{Z I¿-tÆ-`n F-∂-Xn¬ hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. A-Xv C-ß-s\\-bm-Wv.R-߃ sN-hn-sIm-≠p ip-`-am-b-Xp tIƒ-°-s´. I-Æp-sIm-≠v ip-`-am-b-Xp Im-W-s´. R-߃ B-cm-[n-°p-∂ k-¶¬-] tZ-h-X-I-tfR-߃ i-co-cw sIm-≠pw i-co-cmw-K-߃ sIm-≠pw a-\\- p sIm-≠pw\-ß-sf kv-Xp-Xn-®p sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. R-ß-fp-sS B-bp- p ap-gp-h≥R-߃-°v \\-∑ A-\\p-`-hn-°m≥ A-h-k-cw e-`n-°-s´.a-\\p-jy-\-se Im-aw, t{Im-[w, tem-`w, tam-lw, a-Zw, am-’-cyw,]p-Wyw, ]m-]w A-S-ßn-b F-´v i-‡n-I-sf {]-Xn-\-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv b-Ym-{I-aw. {_m-“n, a-tl-iz-cn, Iu-am-cn, ssh-jv-W-hn, hm-cm-ln,am-tl-{μn, Nm-ap-fin, a-lm-e-£v-an k-¶¬-∏w.Cu-iz-co-b am¿-§-Øn¬ a-\\- m-Wv G-‰-hpw ap-Jy-am-b a-≤y-h¿-Øn.a-\\- v A-Xn-s‚ C-—m-i-‡n, ⁄m-\\-i-‡n, {In-bm-i-‡n-tX-P- n-eqsS A-¤p-X-ß-fpw A-hn-iz-k-\\o-b-am-b-Xpw km-≤y-am-°n Xo¿-°pw.k¿-h-Øn-s\\-bpw k¿-Δ-i-‡-t\\-bpw hn-fn-®p h-cp-Øp-hm-\\pw A-{]m-]y-sa-∂v [-cn-® {]-`m-h-sØ D-W¿-Øn k-Zm k-ao-]-kv-X-am-°m-\\pw a-\\- n-\\v km-[n-°pw. A-tX a-\\p-jy-hn-P-b N-cn-{X-Øn-se I¿-Ω-afi-e-N-{I-h¿-Øn-bm-b a-\\- m-Wv D-]m-k-\\-bn¬ ap-Jyw. a-\\- n-s‚A-\\-¥-km-≤y-X-sb A-fi-I-Sm-l-Øn-\\p-a-∏p-dw sIm-s≠-Øn-°m≥ Bflo-b-X-bn-eq-sS Cu-iz-c-am¿-§-Øn-eq-sS km-[n-°pw.F-√m D-]m-k-\\-am¿-§-Øn-s‚-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\\ e-£yw a-\\- n-s‚Cu A-\\-¥-km-≤y-X-sb h-f¿-Øn {]-tbm-P-\\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv.
s{]m-^. tZ-in-Iw c-Lp-\\m-Y≥53C-Xn-\\p-X-Ip-∂ L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv `-‡n, D-]m-k-\\, X-{¥w, a-{¥w,b-{¥w, ]q-P, [ym-\\w X-]-kv--kv Xp-S-ßn-b-h.`q-an-bn¬ k-am-[m-\\-hpw sF-iz-cy-hpw D-Sƒ D-t]-£n-®m¬ D-bn-cn-\\vap-‡n-bp-am-Wv Cu-iz-co-b am¿-§-Øn-s‚ {]-[m-\\ e-£yw.24D-]m-k-\\m-{]-tbm-P-\\wD-]m-k-\\ {I-am-\\p-kr-Xw hn-Im-kw {]m-]n-°p-∂ H-∂m-Wv. B-Zyw_m-ly-]q-P. _m-ly-]q-P-bn-eq-sS `-‡≥ {I-ta-W A-\\-¥-]q-P-bn-te°vI-S-°p-∂p._m-ly-]q-P-bn¬ i-co-c-hpw a-\\-kv--kpw ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw {]-h¿-Ø-\\-£-a-am-bn-cn-°pw.B-¥-c-]q-P-bn¬ i-co-cw \-›-e-hpw a-\\-kv--kv ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw {]-h¿-Ø-\\-ln-X-hp-am-Ipw.Xp-S¿-∂v [ym-\\-Øn-te-°v I-S-°p-tºmƒ t\\-c-tØ {]-h¿-Ø-\\-c-lnX-am-b-a-\\- pw Iq-Sn {I-ta-W \-›-e-am-bn, a-\\- v D-b¿-Øp-∂ hn-`qXn-I-sf B¿-Pn-°p-hm-\\p-≈ ti-jn t\\-Sp-∂p. A-Xp-h-sc X-∂n¬ D-dßn-°n-S-∂ aq-e-i-‡n-sb D-W¿-Øn F-Sp-Øp (Ip-fi-en-\\o-i-‡n-sb)A-\\-¥-i-‡n-bp-am-bn A-`n-c-an-∏n-°m≥ km-[n-°p-∂p. A-ß-s\\ `-‡≥D-]m-k-I≥ X-s∂. D-b¿-Øn D-b¿-Øn {_-“m-fi-tØm-fw hn-]p-e-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv i-cn-bm-b D-]m-k-\\.Cu tem-I-Øn-se F-√mw X-\-°v A-\\y-am-bm-epw _-‘p-°-sf-√mw ssI-hn-´m-epw Xn-I-™ \-kz-\\m-bm-epw D-]m-k-\\-aq¿-Øn-bm-Ip-∂ \-Xy-_-‘p-hn-s‚ km-∂n-≤y-Øm¬ k-lm-b-Øm¬ A-\\p-{K-lØm¬ Xm≥ _-e-hm-\\m-sW-∂pw D-]m-k-\\m-aq¿-Øn-sb-∂ A-\\-iz-ckz-Øv D-≈n-S-tØm-fw Xm≥ k-º-∂-\\m-sW-∂pw, k-¥p-„-\\m-sW-∂pw\-cm-i-tbm \\-„-t_m-[-tam C-s√-∂pw ip-`m-]v-Xn hn-izm-kn-bm-sW-∂pwD-≈ k-a-{K-am-b H-cp B-fl-hn-izm-kw b-Ym¿-∞ D-]m-k-I-\\v D-]m-k-\\m-aq¿-Øo {]-Zm-\\w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.i-cn-bm-b D-]m-k-\\ `-‡-s\\ A-Iw-]p-dw am-‰n-a-dn-°pw. X-s‚ B-hem-Xn-Iƒ A-∏o-ep-Iƒ Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \¿-_-‘-_p-≤n-Iƒ,io-e-߃ F-√mw am-dn-a-d-bp-∂p.ho-W-Sw hn-jv-Wp-tem-Iw F-∂ co-Xn-bn¬ hn-]p-e lr-Z-b-Øn-\\pwa-\\-kv--kn-\\pw D-S-a-bm-Ip-∂p. Xn-c-b-S-ßn-b I-S¬-t]m-se lr-Z-b-hpwa-\\-kv--kpw {]-im-¥-hpw {]-k-∂-hpw Kw-`o-c-hp-am-Ip-∂p.
tZho am\\kw54A-Kv--\-°pw {]-Im-i-hpw t]m-se N-{μ-\\pw N-{μn-I-°pw t]m-sebpwA-\\p-`-h-Øn¬ Cu-iz-c-\\pw Xm-\\pw H-∂m-bn G-I-am-b A-ssZz-Xm-hÿ D-]m-k-I-\\v A-\\p-`-h-km-≤y-am-Ip-∂p. C-Xm-Wv- D-]m-k-\\-bp-sS {]-tbm-P-\\w.25tZ-ho-`m-K-h-Xwa-lm-]p-cm-W-ß-fn¬ H-∂m-Wv tZ-ho-`m-K-h-Xw. {Xn-aq¿-Øn-I-fp-sSkr-„n-ÿn-Xn kw-lm-c-I¿-Ø-hyß-fn¬ i-‡n tX-P- m-bn \-e-sIm-≈p-∂ tZ-ho kz-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv tZ-ho-`m-K-h-Xw ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂-Xv.km-Xzn-I-˛-cm-P-k-˛-Xm-a-k `m-h-ß-fpw k-c-kz-Xo {]-ta-b-hpw tZ-h-∑m-cp-sS N-cn-X-hpw F-√mw tN¿-∂ Zn-hy-{K-Ÿw.{Xn-aq¿-Øn tX-P- n-s\\ Dƒ-s°m-≠ B-Zn-]-cm-i-‡n-sb k¿-Δm-XoX-tX-P- m-bm-Wv C-Xn¬ k-¶¬-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C-Xn¬ ]-{¥-≠vkv--I-μ-ß-fpw aq-∂p-dv A-[ym-b-ß-fp-ap-≠v.\-cm-Im-c-hpw \¿-Kp-W-hp-am-b B-Zn-aq-e-i-‡n, ]-cm-i-‡n,km-Xzn-I-i-‡n-bm-b a-lm-e-£v-an, cm-P-k-i-‡n-bm-b k-c-kz-Xn,Xm-a-k-i-‡n-bm-b a-lm-Im-fn-bm-bpw k-¶¬-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. a-‰v tZ-hnam-cp-sS D¬-]-Øn {_-“m-hn-jv-Wp in-h D¬-∏-Øn-N-cn-Xw kq-cy-N-{μhw-i-N-cn-Xw, ln-c-Wy-I-in-]p Xp-S-ßn-b A-kp-c-N-cn-{Xw a-\\p-°-fp-sSN-cn-{Xw a-\\z-¥-c hw-i-N-cn-Xw, C-X-c-tZ-hn-am¿-°v i-‡n {]-Zm-\\w \\¬-In {]-]-©-Øn¬ I¿-Ω \¿-h-l-Ww \\-S-Øp-∂-Xv Xp-S-ßn tZ-ho{]-`m-h-am-Wv {]-]-©-Øn¬ H-∂m-a-Xm-bn \-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv F-∂vA-\\p-`-h-߃ hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®v ÿm-]n-°p-∂ Zn-hy-{K-Ÿ-am-Wv tZ-ho-`m-Kh-Xw.26a-lm-e-£v-an B-hn¿-`m-hw]m-em-gn-tZ-hm-kp-c-∑m¿ I-S-™p sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ B-Zyw Ima-t[-\\p D-b¿-∂p-h-∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v hm-cp-Wn-tZ-hn h-∂p. ]n-s∂ ]m-cn-PmXw h -∂p. Xp -S¿ -∂v A -]v --k -c -kp -Iƒ h -∂p. A -©m -a -Xm -bn N -{μ≥D-b¿-∂p h-∂p. B-dm-a-Xm-bn Im-f-Iq-S-hn-jw. Xp-S¿-∂v [-\\z-¥-cnh-s∂-Øn. A-Xn-\\v-- ti-jw ssI-øn¬ I-a-e-hpw h-ln-®p sIm-≠v A-
s{]m-^. tZ-in-Iw c-Lp-\\m-Y≥55hym-P-ku-μ-cy-Øn-I-hm¿-∂ a-lm-e-£v-an Xm-a-c-∏q-hn¬ C-cp-∂v A-hnsS {]-Xy-£-am-bn. Cu e-£v-an hn-jv-Wp-hn-s\\ kzo-I-cn-®p.th-sdm-cp-I-Y-bpw e-£v-an B-hn¿-`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®v \-e-hn-ep-≠v.]-c-am-flm-hn¬ \-∂pw e-£v-an B-hn¿-`-hn-®p. Cu tZ-hn c-≠m-bn.cm-[-sb-∂pw e-£v-an-sb-∂pw cm-[ Ir-jv-W-s\\ a-\\-km-kzo-I-cn-®p.hn-jv-Wp-hn-s\\ e-£v-an kzo-I-cn-®p. ho-≠pw e-£v-an c-≠m-bn. cm-Py-e-£v-an-bpw hn-jv-Wp-{]n-b e-£v-an-sb-∂pw. hn-jv-Wp-{]n-b-e-£v-an ]-Xn-{h-X-I-fp-sS B-cm-[y-tZ-h-Xm cm-Py-e-£van A-ÿn-c-X-bpw N-]-e-bpam-bn. ]-ip-hn≥ Nm-W-I-Øn¬ X-s‚ ÿn-cw km-∂n-[yw D-≠m-Ip-sa-∂v e-£v-an A-\\p-{K-ln-®-Xp ap-X-em-Wv ]-ip-hn≥ Nm-W-Iw Zn-hy-ambXv. kv-{Xo-bp-sS {]-Xo-I-am-Wv. C-t∏mƒ k¿-Δ-sF-iz-cy-Øn-s‚-bpw{]-Xo-I-am-Wv e-£v-an.27A¿-≤-\\m-co-iz-c D-Xv-]-ØnZp¿-§m-tZ-hn a-ln-jm-kp-c-s\\ h-[n-®p. C-Xn¬ k-¥p-„-\\m-bin-h≥, X-]- p sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ ]m¿-Δ-Xn-bp-sS k-ao-]-sa-Øn]m¿-Δ-Xn-sb A-\\p-tam-Zn-®p. ]m¿-Δ-Xn-sb in-h≥ X-s‚ P-S-bn¬ C-cpØn. in-h-t{]-aw h¿-≤n-® ]m¿-Δ-Xn in-h-tZ-l-Øn-¬ e-bn-®p tN¿-∂p.D-S≥ in-h-]m¿-Δ-Xn-am-cp-sS sF-Iy-am¿-∂ B D-S-en¬ h-e-Xv `m-Kwin-h-Nn-lv--\\-ß-fm-b P-S, k¿-∏w N-{μ-°-e, F-∂n-h-b-S-ßn-b in-h-Iem-cq-]-hpw a-dp-`m-Kw tam-l-\\ cq-]n-bm-b tZ-hn-I-e-bp-≈-Xp-am-bn am-dn.A-ß-s\\-bm-W-t{X A¿-≤-\\m-co-iz-c B-hn¿-`m-hw.28Ip-am-cn-]q-P]-e-bn-S-Øpw \\-h-cm-{Xn ]q-P-bn-se H-cp {]-[m-\\ N-S-ßm-Wv Ip-amcn-]q-P. Cu te-J-I≥ X-s∂ t\\-∏m-fn¬ Im-Sv-a-fip-hn¬ Cu ]q-Pt\\-cn-´v I-≠n-´p-≠v.Ip-am-cn-sb ]q-Pn-°p-∂-Xv Ip-am-cn ]q-P. c-≠p h-b- p-≈ s]¨-Ip-´n-sb-bm-Wv X-Xz-Øn¬ Ip-am-cn-sb-∂v-hn-h-£n-°p-∂-Xv. F-∂m¬ c-≠p h-b- p-Im-cn-sb X-s∂ ]q-Pn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. ]-Øvh-b- p-h-sc-bp-≈ Ip-am-cn-am-sc Cu ]q-P-bv-°v C-cp-Øm-dp-≠v.C-Xn¬ c-≠p h-b- p-≈ Ip-™n-s\\ Ip-am-cn-sb-∂pw aq-∂v h-b- p-≈ s]¨-Ip-™n-s\\ {Xn-aq¿-Øn-sb-∂pw \\m-ep-h-b- p-Im-cn-sb I-eym-
tZho am\\kw56Wn-sb-∂pw A-©p-h-b- p-Im-cn-sb tcm-ln-Wn-sb-∂pw B-dp-h-b- pIm-cn-sb Im-fn-sb-∂pw G-gp-h-b- p-Im-cn-sb N-fin-I-sb-∂pw F-´p-hb- p-Im-cn-sb imw-`-hn-sb-∂pw H≥-]-Xp-h-b- p-Im-cn-sb Zp¿-§-sb-∂pw]-Øp-h-b- p-Im-cn-sb kp-`-{Z-sb-∂pw k-¶¬-]n-°p-∂p. C-h-sc \\-h-I-\\y-I-sb-∂pw ]-d-bp-∂p.29Kw-Km-tZ-hnk¿-Δ-tem-I ]m-]-l-c-Wm¿-∞w hn-jv-Wp ]m-Z-Øn¬ \-∂pw KwKD-¤-hn-®v kz¿-§-Øn¬ ]-Xn-®p. in-h-in-c-kn¬ ho-Wp, `q-an-bn-eq-sSH-gp-Ip-∂ Kw-Km \\-Zn-sb-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv k-¶¬-]-Øn-se Kw-K-bm-bpwB-cm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. Kw-K-bv-°v hn-jv-Wp-]-Xn F-s∂m-cp t]-cp Iq-Sn-bp-≠v. Cu a-lm-]p-Wy-sØ ITn-\\ X-]- n-eq-sS `-Ko-c-Y-\\m-Wv `q-an-bnse-Øn-®-Xv. a-c-W-ti-jw a-\\p-jy-s‚ A-ÿn Kw-K-bn¬ \-t£-]n-®m¬A-bmƒ-°v kz¿-§-{]m-]v-Xn D-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv hn-izm-kw. k¬-K-XnB-{K-ln-°p-∂ k¿-Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-߃-°pw k-Xv-K-Xn am-Xm-hm-Wv Kw-K.Kw-Km kv-]¿-iw,kv-a-c-Ww, kv--\\m-\\w, \-a-÷-\\w F-∂n-h-bn-eq-sS t]mepw ]m-]w C-√m-Xm-°m≥ Kw-K-°v I-gn-bp-a-t{X. `m-c-Xo-b im-t‡-bD-]m-k-\\-bn-se am-Xr-tZ-hn-bm-Wv Kw-K.30Xp-f-kn-tZ-hn`m-c-Xw G-‰-hpw ]-cn-ip-≤-am-bn I-W-°m-°p-∂ sN-Sn-bm-Wv Xp-fkn. ap≥-]v H-cp Xp-f-kn-sb-¶n-epw C-√m-Ø H-cp ho-Spw `m-c-X-Øn¬ C-√m-bn-cp-∂p. km-£m¬ a-lm-e-£v-an-bm-W-t{X Xp-f-kn-tZ-hn-bm-bn Xo¿-∂-Xv. hn-jv-Wp-hn-s‚ \¿-t±-i-a-\\p-k-cn-®v aq-∂v tem-I-ß-sf-bpw ]-hn-{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ e-£v-an X-s∂-bm-Wv Xp-f-kn-bm-bn P-\-®-Xv.Xp-f-kn-bp-sS C-e,]q-hv, Im-bv, th-cv Nn-√, sXm-en, X-Sn C-ß-s\\k¿-Δ-Xpw ]-cn-]m-h-\\-am-Wv.Kw-Km-P-ew X-fn-®m¬ A-ip-≤n-am-dn ip-≤-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se Xp-fkn kv-]¿-iw ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\\v k-lm-bn-°p-∂p. Xp-f-kn hn-d-In-\\m¬Z-ln-∏n-°m≥ `m-Kyw In-´p-∂-h¿ A-\\-¥-tIm-Sn ]m-]w sN-bv-X-h-cm-bmepw ]m-]-tam-Nn-X-cm-Ip-a-t{X. Nn-X-bn¬ a-‰v hn-d-Ip-Iƒ-s°m-∏w H-cpXp-f-kn-hn-d-Iv tN¿-∂m¬ k¿-Δ-hn-d-Ipw ip-≤-am-Ip-a-t{X.
s{]m-^. tZ-in-Iw c-Lp-\\m-Y≥5731Nm-ap-fin]m¿-Δ-Xn-bp-sS H-cp `-bm-\\-I-cq-]-am-Wv N-fin-I. A-Y-hm Nm-ap-fin.Cu tZ-hn-bp-sS hm-l-\\w knw-l-am-Wv. tZ-hn knw-l-Øn-s‚ ]p-d-ØpI-b-dn C-S-Xp-Im¬ sIm-≠v Xm-sg-°n-S-°p-∂ A-kp-c-s‚ ta¬ N-hn-´n\¬-°pw.cp-{Z-N-fi, {]-N-fi, D-{K-N-fi, N-fi-\\m-bn-I, Nm-ap-fin, N-fi,Nfi-h-Xn, N-fi-cq-], A-Xn-N-fin-I, N-Wv--tUm-{K, F-s∂-√mw t]-cp≠v.N-fi-ap-fi \-{K-l-am-Wv Cu \\m-a-Øn-\\-Sn-ÿm-\\w.32Zp¿-§{]-]-t©-iz-cn-bm-bn `m-c-Xo-b¿ k-¶¬-]n-°p-∂ am-Xr-tZ-h-X-bmWvZp¿-§. `-‡-cp-sS B-h-iy-hpw A-t]-£-bp-a-\\p-k-cn-®v hn-hn-[-`m-h-Ønepw cq-]-Øn-epw Zp¿-§ {]-Xy-£-s∏-Spw.]m¿-Δ-Xn Cu Zp¿-§-bp-sS X-s∂ th-dn-´ aq¿-Øn-bm-Wv. B-cy, Zp¿-§, Aw-_n-I, th-Z-K¿-`, `-{Z-Im-fn, `-{Z, t£-a, t£-a-Im-cn, tZ-hnF -∂n -ß -s\\ hn -hn -[ ] -cym -b -߃ Cu tZ -hn -°p -≠ v. `m -c -X -Øn¬A-dp-]-Øn-\\m-ev hy-Xy-kv-X-cq-]-Øn¬ Zp¿-§-sb B-cm-[n-°p-∂p-≠-t{X.Cu tZ-hn-bp-sS ku-ay-`m-h-Øn¬ I-\\y, Im-am-£n, aq-Imw-_n-I,`-K-h-Xn F-∂o t]-cp-I-fpw D-≠v. X-an-gv--\\m-´n¬ I-Æ-In, am-cn-b-Ω, Imfn-b-Ω, {Zu-]-Xn-b-Ω F-∂pw ]-e t]-cp-I-fn¬ hn-fn-°p-∂p.]m-fi-h¿ A-⁄m-X-hm-k-Øn-\\v ap≥-]v Zp¿-§-sb {]m¿-∞n-®pA-\\p-{K-lw hm-ßn. {io-Ir-jv-W-s‚ D-]-tZ-im-\\p-k-c-Ww Ip-cp-t£-{Xbp-≤m-cw-`-Øn¬ A¿-Pp-\\≥ Zp¿-§-sb {]m¿-∞n-®v A-\\p-{K-lw hm-ßn.33k-c-kz-XnP-\-®-bp-S-s\\ {_-“m-hv k-c-kz-Xn F-∂ in-ip-hn-\\v \\¬-In-bPo-hn-X-Zu-Xyw C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. \-s‚ t]-cv k-c-kz-Xn. k-I-e Po-h Pme-ß-fp-sS-bpw \\m-hn¬ \\o h-kn-°q. hn-Zzm-∑m-cp-sS \\m-hn¬ \\o k-Zm\\-S-\\w sN-ø-Ww. \\-Zn-bp-sS cq-]-Øn¬ `q-an-bn-epw D-≠m-I-Ww. A-ßs\\ k-c-kz-Xn hn-Zym-tZ-h-X-bm-bn B-cm-[n-®p Xp-S-ßn.
tZho am\\kw5834aw-K-f-N-fin-Ith-Z-ß-fn¬ Aw-Ko-I-cn-®v B-cm-[n-°p-∂ H-cp tZ-hn-bm-Wv aw-K-fN-fin-I. k¿-Δm-`n-„-ß-sf-bpw \\¬-Ip-∂ tZ-hn-bm-W-t{X. Zp¿-§m-tZhn-bp-am-bn Aw-i-_-‘-ap-≠v.35a-\\-km-tZ-hnk¿ -∏ -ß -fp -sS tZ -h -X -bm -W v a -\\ -km -tZ -hn. Cu tZ -hn in -h -s‚in-jy-bm-Wv.36]m¿-Δ-Xnlm-em-l-e-∑m¿ F-∂ A-kp-c¿ k-a-kv-X-tem-I-hpw ssI-ø-S-°n.{Xn-aq¿-Øn-I-sf A-h-cp-sS I¿-Ω-߃ sN-øp-∂-Xpw \-tcm-[n-®p.tZ-hm-kp-c-bp-≤w A-\\-¥-am-bn \\o-≠p. tZ-h-∑m-cpw {Xn-aq¿-Øn-I-fpwX-f¿-∂p.{_-“m-hv k-\\-Im-Zn-I-sf hn-fn-®p ]-d-™p in-h-hn-jv-Wp-am¿ A-hcp-sS I¿-Ωw sN-øm≥ A-i-‡-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F-\-°v H-‰-bv-°v {]-]-©-[¿-Ωw \-d-th-‰p-I A-km-≤y-am-Wv. \-߃ a-lm-am-b-sb X-]-kv--kp sN-bv-Xp {]-km-Zn-∏n-°-Ww. B i-‡n-bn-eq-sS am-{X-ta C-Xn-\\v ]-cn-lm-cw Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°q. k-\\-Im-Zn-Iƒ X-]- p Xp-S-ßn. C-h-cpsS X-]- n¬ a-lm-tZ-hn k-¥p-„-bm-bn. tZ-hn \\m-ev ssI-I-fpw aq-∂vI-Æp-I-fp-am-bn C-h-cp-sS ap-∂n¬ {]-Xy-£-s∏-´p. F-∂n-´v C-ß-s\\ ]-d-™p.Rm≥ Z-£-]p-{Xn-bm-bn P-\-°pw. Xp-S¿-∂v C-∂-sØ Zp-c-h-ÿ-bv-°v am-‰w h-cp-Ømw. tZ-hn Z-£-s‚ ]p-{Xn ˛ k-Xn F-∂-t]-cn¬ P-\-®p. in-h≥ k-Xn-sb hn-hm-lw I-gn-®p. in-h-\\pw k-Xn-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hpwI-Sp-Ø a-’-c-Øn-epw i-{Xp-X-bn-ep-am-bn. in-h-s\\ A-h-tl-fn-°p-IF-∂ e-£y-Øm¬ Z-£≥ H-cp bm-Kw \\-S-Øm≥ Xo-cp-am-\-®p. £-Wn-°m-sX k-Xn A-Xn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øp. k-Xn-sb ]n-Xm-hv Z-£≥ A-htl-fn-®p. A-Xn-ep-]-cn in-h-s\\ A-[n-t£-]n-®p. a-\\w-s\\m-¥ k-Xn Z-£-s‚ bm-Km-·n-bn¬ Nm-Sn sh-¥p-a-cn-®p. a-d-™ k-a-b-Øv A-Sn-b-\-bp-sam-cp P-∑-ap-s≠-¶n¬ B P-∑-Øn-epw in-h-s‚ `m-cy-bm-bn Xocm≥ I-gn-b-Ww F-∂v {]m¿-∞n-®p.
s{]m-^. tZ-in-Iw c-Lp-\\m-Y≥59Cu k-Xn-bp-sS ]p-\\-c-h-Xm-cw A-Y-hm ]p-\\¿-P-∑-am-Wv ]m¿-Δ-Xn.in-h-\\pw ]m¿-Δ-Xn-bpw hn-hm-ln-X-cm-bn. H-cp Zn-h-kw in-h≥ ]m¿-Δ-Xnsb kv--t\\-l-]q¿-Δw Im-fn-sb-∂p hn-fn-®p. D-S-s\\ ]m¿-Δ-Xn-bp-sS tZlw \\o-e-\-d-am-bn. ]m¿-Δ-Xn-°v B-sI k-¶-S-am-bn. ]m¿-Δ-Xn D-S≥in-h-t\\m-Sv ]-d-™p: -Cu I-Spw \\o-e-\-d-Øn¬ Rm≥ C-\ A-ß-bpsS ap-ºn¬ h-cn-√-. C-X-dn-™ {_-“m-hv ]m¿-Δ-Xn-sb k-ao-]n-®p. C-XvIm-cy-am-t°-≠. Cu \\o-e-\-dw am-dn Xm-a-c-∏q-hn-s‚ A-√n-bp-sS-Ku-ch¿-Æw e-`n-°pw. A-Xp ap-X¬ tem-Iw `-K-h-Xn-sb Ku-cn-sb-∂v hn-fn-°pw. {_-“m-hv C-ß-s\\ ]-d-™-Xpw ]m¿-Δ-Xn-bp-sS \-dw Ku-c-h¿-Æam-bn. A-∂v ap-X¬ ]m¿-Δ-Xn Ku-cn-bp-am-bn. Im-fn Ku-cn-bm-b-t∏mƒB-Zy-sØ I-dp-Ø sXm-en am-dn-a-d-™p. Im-Xym-b-\ a-l¿-jn Cu]p-dw sXm-en-bn¬ N-hn-´n. A-t∏mƒ B ]p-dw sXm-en-bn¬ \-∂pw Hcp a-lm-tPym-Xn- v ]p-d-Øp-h∂p.Cu tX-P-kv--kpw ]m¿-Δ-Xn-°v Xn-cn-sI \\¬-In. A-ß-s\\ Ku-cn,Im¿-Øym-b-\-bm-bn. hn-‘y≥ tZ-hn-°v Iu-in-I F-∂pw A-K-kv-Xy¿tZ-hn-°v Zp¿-§ F-∂pw ]p-Xn-b t]-cp-I-fpw \\¬In.37`-{Z-Im-fn`-{Z-Im-fn D-Xv-]-Øn-sb-°p-dn-®p hn-hn-[ I-Y-I-fp-≠v. Z-£-bm-K-Øn¬h-®v k-Xn A-Kv-\ bv-°n-c-bm-b-X-dn-™v in-h≥ tcm-jm-Ip-e-\\m-bnX-s‚ P-S-X-d-bn-e-Sn-®p. D-S-s\\ A-hn-sS c-≠v i-‡n-Iƒ B-hn¿-`-hn-®p. H-∂v ho-c-`-{Z≥, a-s‰m-∂v `-{Z-Im-fn. {io-Ir-jv-W-s‚ P-\\-\\-k-a-b-ØvIr-jv-W-s\\ c-£n-°m≥ F-Øn-b-Xv `-{Z-Im-fn-bp-sS a-s‰m-cp cq-]-am-bn-cp-∂-t{X. ko-Xm-t\\z-j-W-Øn-\\m-bn e-¶-bn-se-Øn-b l-\\p-am-s\\ X-S-™e-¶m-e-£v-an-bpw `-{Z-Im-fn-bp-sS A-h-Xm-c-am-bn k-¶¬-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Xan-gv I-hn I-º-cpw `-{Z-Im-fn-bp-am-bpw _-‘-ap-≈-Xm-bpw sF-Xn-ly-ap-≠v.I-º-cp-sS I-º-cm-am-b-Ww F-gp-Xn-b-Xv `-{Z-Im-fn-bm-sW-∂v H-cp sF-Xn-lyap-≠v. Zm-cn-I-s\\ h-[n-°m≥ in-h-s‚ s\\-‰n-°-Æn¬ \-∂pw P-\-® `-{Z-Imfn-sb-bm-Wv tI-c-fo-b¿ Iq-Sp-X¬ kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
tZho am\\kw60