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7.3 Air pollution

Air pollution is a situation which involves the presence
of any pollutants in the air. This brings harm and
discomfort to living things and destroys the
environment. Air pollutants come from various sources.

What is pollutant?

• Polluting materials are called pollutants.
Examples of pollutants
are nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons, sulphur

dioxide (from factory smoke), sand, dust and
organic compounds
that are easily evaporated into the atmosphere
such as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Causes and effects of air pollution

Health

-Smoke and dust can cause breathing problem
-sulphur dioxide can cause respiratory problems
-Carbon monoxide can cause headache,mental
retardation and death
-Asbestos particles can cause lung cancer
-Lead particles can cause intellectual disability among
children and babies

Buildings and infrastructures

-Dust and soot stain buildings
-Acid rain corrodes concrete and limestone buildings
Acid rain speeds up iron rusting

Plants and animals

-Acid rain makes the soil acidic and less fertile
-Acid rain makes the source of water acidic and not
suitable for aquatic life
-Smoke and haze decrease the amount of sunlight
reaching the Earth and decrease the rate of
photosynthesis.

Climate

-Smoke from factories, vehicles and open burning lead
to haze
-Excessive carbon dioxide contributes to greenhouse
effect
-Excessive chlorocarbon (CFC) causes the thinning of the
ozone layer
-Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide cause acid rain

Ways to prevent and control air
pollution

Law Enforcement

-Fine smokers who smoke at restricted areas

-Fine individuals who conduct open burning

-Fine drivers whose vehicles emit excessive smoke

-Prohibit factories from being built at housing areas

Education

-Educate students about the effects of air pollution and
ways to prevent it

-Organise anti-smoking campaigns

-Encourage the public to walk or ride bicycles

-Encourage the usage of public transport or car pooling

Science and Technology

-Implement hybrid technology in vehicles

-Choose refrigerators which use

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) instead of

chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)

-Install filters in smoke chimneys at factaries

-Use catalytic converters on vehicles

-Replace the use of pesticide with biolobical control to
control pest

QUESTIONS

1)What is meant by air pollution?

A condition involving the presence of any pollutant in
the air

2)What is meant by air pollution?

Any visible or invisible substance in the air that poses
a threat to human health or the environment

3)State the sources of pollution?

• mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes,
trucks, and trains

• stationary sources – such as power plants, oil
refineries, industrial facilities, and factories

• area sources – such as agricultural areas,
cities, and wood burning fireplaces

• natural sources – such as wind-blown dust,
wildfires, and volcanoes

Solving Bad Impact due to Air
Pollution

1. Polluted air not only affects the health of
living things, but also destroys wealth and
change Earth climate.
2. The following illustrates the negative effects
of air pollution on:
(a)Human health

- Smoke and soot are harmful to the lungs and
cause

respiratory problems.
- Nitrogen dioxide interferes with respiratory system
and

causes eyes to itch and red.
- Carbon monoxide reduces blood efficiencies to
transport

oxygen and cause headache, loss of intellect or
fatalities.
- Radioactive material causes cancer.

(b)Buildings and infrastructure

- Dust stains the building.

- Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide dissolve in
rainwater and

form acid rain. Acid rain corrodes concrete
structures and

limestone and accelerates rusting.

(c)Plants and animal
- Acid rain that flows into the water source making it
acidic and

not suitable for aquatic plants and animals.

- Acid rain causes acidic and infertile soils.

- Smoke and haze reduce sunlight that reaches the
Earth and

lower the rate of photosynthesis of green plants.
-

d)Earth climate
- Smoke emissions from factories, vehicle exhaust
and open

burning cause haze.
- The increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide

causes more thermal energy reflected by the earth's
surface

trapped in the atmosphere. This led to greenhouse
effect and

global warming.
- Global warming, which is the increase in Earth's

temperatures, has resulted in extreme weather
changes and

has led to prolonged droughts in some areas.
- Excessive chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the
atmosphere

cause depletion of ozone layer. This allows more
ultraviolet

(UV) radiation that harms life to the surface of the
earth.

3. Various measures to prevent and control air
pollution should be

taken to resolve the harmful effects arising from
air pollution.

4. Among them include:

(a)By law

- Introduce pollution control laws and regulations in
Malaysia.

- Penalties apply to individuals who conduct open
burning;

smokers who smoke in prohibited areas and vehicle
drivers

who exhaust their vehicles emit excessive smoke.

- Do not allow construction of a factory near
residential area.

(b)Through education

- Emphasizing ways and practices to reduce air
pollution in

schools.

- Conduct environmental-friendly campaigns and
anti-smoking
campaign.
- Encourage walking, bike riding, public transport,
sharing of
cars and other energy-saving practices.
- Promote recycling practices.
(c)Through science and technology
- Using unleaded petrol and low sulphur fuel.
- Use of hybrid vehicles.
- Install a chimney filter in the factory and raise the
chimney up
to 30 m.
- Using a catalytic converter on motor vehicles.
- Use biological control to control pests.

Interprecting data(survey form)

Gender
Age

Housing Area

1. What do you think about air
pollution that occurs around this area?

I think that the air pollution in this area is controllable but some
area is maderate.

2. What do you think about air
pollution that happens in this area?

Smoke from vehicles and open burning are the reason
for comparison about air pollution that happens in this
area.

3. What are the pollutants that might
have caused this air pollution to
happen?

Smoke are the pollutants that might have caused this air
pollution to happen.

4. What are the effects of this air
pollution towards the local residents
and envirament?(You may choose
more than one answer)

Impaired health are the effects of this air pollution towards
the local residents and environment.

5. Give your opinions ways to
decrease the effect of air pollution
towards human and environment.

Air pollution is considered as the major
environmental risk factor in the incidence and
progression of some diseases such as asthma, lung
cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's diseases, psychological complications,
autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, and low birth weight.

Current issue

Then ways to salve haze problem

6 ways to beat the haze
-Avoid exposure. Seems obvious, but this is the simplest
form of dealing with the haze.

-Stay indoors and keep the air clean. Stay indoors as
much as possible and keep the doors and windows closed.

-Wear a mask.

-Alleviating the symptoms.

-Home and natural remedies.

-Change your diet.

Google meet references

11/9/2020