Wireless EV charging: the future technology

Wireless EV charging: the future technology

Range anxiety, the biggest deterrent to mass adoption of electrical vehicles, can be
taken care of by wireless charging. A technology of the future, it even allows the EV
user to charge the vehicle when he/she is travelling in a remote city or some far-flung
highway. As more and more people make a switchover to EV, wireless charging is set
to take over the market. And it is sure to happen in not-too-distant a future.

The world is moving towards electric vehicles to curb the adverse effects
caused by non-renewable fossil fuel-based vehicles. A switch towards greener
modes of transport is necessitated to rectify various issues arising out of
environmental degradation and to improve the air quality index. Being no less
conscious of the prevailing scenario, India, too, is adopting e-mobility, albeit
slowly.

Though EVs have many advantages for the environment and they also provide
monetary benefits to consumers, their sales are not picking up at a fast pace in
India. This is mainly due to the range anxiety of consumers and inadequate
charging infrastructure in the country. The two are interrelated and the EV
charging process needs to improve to take care of the range anxiety. What the
consumer is looking for is a system that gives maximum range in minimum time
duration, and in a hassle-free manner.

• Though EVs have many advantages for the environment and they also
provide monetary benefits to consumers, their sales are not picking up at
a fast pace in India.

• The wireless charging works by transferring energy between a pad on the
ground and a pad under the floor of a compatible EV through resonant
magnetic induction.

• In the static wireless charging system, the EV needs to be in a static
position. The charging stops if both the pads are not aligned or if there
is an obstruction between the transmitter and the receiver. Dynamic
charging eliminates the need for carrying big batteries on the EVs for
increased range. That way, it helps in reducing the weight of the vehicle
and increasing its overall efficiency as well.

Wireless charging is an answer to this. It provides ease of using EVs by taking
care of range anxiety of the consumers. The wireless charging works by
transferring energy between a pad on the ground and a pad under the floor of a
compatible EV through resonant magnetic induction. A consumer can charge the
EV simply by aligning these pads. These chargers can charge at the speed of 3.3
kW, 6.6 kW and 20 kW.

Wireless charging systems are of two types: static and dynamic. In the static
wireless charging system, the EV needs to be in a static position to commence
charging. The charging stops if both the pads are not aligned or if there is an
obstruction between the transmitter on the ground and the receiver on the EV.

In dynamic wireless charging system, the charging is done in a moving vehicle by
an energy transmitter, which is static on the ground. This type of charging is,
obviously, of great help to the consumers while they are travelling in cities or
on highways. They can charge their EV without stopping, thereby saving
precious time. It also eliminates the need for carrying big batteries on the EVs
for increased range. That way, it helps in reducing the weight of the vehicle
and increasing its overall efficiency as well.

Based on the operating techniques, EV wireless charging systems are classified
into four types:

1. Capacitive Wireless Charging System (CWCS) in which coupling
capacitors are used to transmit energy from transmitter to receiver.

2. Permanent Magnet Gear Wireless Charging System (PMWC) consists of
armature winding and synchronised permanent magnets inside the
winding. When AC supply is given to the transmitter, it induces
mechanical torque in the transmitter magnet which in turn rotates the
receiver magnet through the magnetic field.

3. Inductive Wireless Charging System (IWC) is based on Faraday’s Law of
Induction. In this, wireless charging is done by mutual induction of

magnetic field between transmitter and receiver coil. Operating
frequency is between 19-50 KHz.
4. Resonant Inductive Wireless Charging System (RIWC) High Quality Factor
(QF) resonators are used in this system to transmit energy from
transmitter to receiver at a higher rate than in the IWC. The same amount
of power can be transmitted long distances even with weak magnetic
fields. The operating frequency is between 10-150 KHz.

Wireless charging is, undoubtedly, the technology of the future and it is set to
take over the market once more and more people make a switch towards
electric vehicles. Time is not far!

Source: https://www.energybite.co.in/blog-post/wireless-ev-charging-the-
future-technology/

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