SCIENCE F5 CHAPTER 1A PPT

SPECIAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF

BACTERIA

• Bacteria such as Bacillus

anthracis form the

• Endospores are spores formed in bacterial cells endospora (Figure 1.16)
and have a strong protective coat. in order to survive in
extreme environments
• Protective coat will rupture when the such as overheated or

surroundings of the endospores become cold areas, drought and

favourable for growth. food shortages.

• Allow germination to form new bacteria

VIRUS

SIZE OF VIRUS

• Viruses are the smallest
microorganisms with a size
of less than 0.5 μm.

• The virus can only be seen
through an electron
microscope

SHAPE OF VIRUS

• Viruses of different
types have different
shapes such as

• spheres,

• helix,

• polyhedral

• complex (combination
of helix with
polyhedral)



BAISC STRUCTURE
OF VIRUS

• Viruses are made up of
strands of nucleic acid
(deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) or ribonucleic acid
(RNA)) which are
protected by a layer of
protein.

• This layer of protein is
known as the capsid that
determines the form of
the virus

SPECIAL CHARACTERICS OF
VIRUS

• Unlike other organisms, viruses do not have the
characteristics of living outside the host because
they do not carry out respiration, excretion,
growth and do not respond to stimulus.

• Viruses only multiply by infecting their host cells
such as bacteria, animals and plants

• The diagram shows the sequence of
bacteriophage reproductive processes by
infecting bacteria, namely its host cells.



FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF
MICROORGANISMS

• Humidity
• Light

• Temperature
• PH value
• Nutrients



1.2
MIKROORGANISMA

BERFAEDAH

APPLICATION OF
USEFUL

MICROORGANISMS IN
DAILY LIFE



INDUSTRY

• Drink - Lactobacillus
bulgaricus

• Leather goods-
Bifidobacteria sp. Dan
Lactobacillus subtilis

• Food- yeast

AGRICULTURE

• Animal digestion -
Bifidobacteria sp.

• Nitrobacteria -
Nitrobacter sp. and
Nitrosomonas sp.

MEDICINE

• Hormones such as insulin - recombinant
DNA E. coli

• Antibiotics such as penicillin -
Penicillium chrysogenum

• Vaccines - Rotavirus, Salmonella sp.,
Poliovirus

VACCINES - ROTAVIRUS,
SALMONELLA SP., POLIOVIRUS

POTENTIAL USE OF MICROORGANISMS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

• Developments and advances
in biotechnology especially
green biotechnology have
generated and succeeded in
the idea of ​the potential use
of microorganisms to treat
sewage waste and produce
ecenzymes through the
fermentation of agricultural
waste.

ECO-ENZYME CLEANSING SOLUTION

• Ecoenzymes are a natural product of agricultural waste such as fruit
or vegetable waste processed through the fermentation process.



SERUM BACTERIA
LACTOBACILLUS SP.

• Bacterial serum
Lactobacillus sp.
used to treat
wastewater and
sludge in drainage
systems.



1.3 PREVENTION
AND TREATMENT

OF DISEASES
CAUSED BY
MICROORGANISMS

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
OF DISEASES CAUSED BY
MICROORGANISMS

• Besides useful
microorganisms, there are
also harmful
microorganisms known as
pathogens that can cause
disease.

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

• Aseptic techniques refer to health procedures performed to
prevent the pathogen infection or to remove existing
pathogens.

• As such, the aseptic technique coincides with the expression
‘prevention is better than cure’.

• This means preventing a person from being infected by a
pathogen is better than treating someone who has been
infected by the pathogen.



• Sterilization means the process of STERILISATION
killing or removing microorganisms
from an object or environment

• The sterilization method depends on
the type of microorganism to be
destroyed or eliminated.

• For example, temperatures in the
autoclave above 130 ° C can kill
microorganisms and their spores.

• Micron filters are used to filter artistic
particles and microorganisms (0.1 μm
- 10 μm) from water or liquids.



BOILING

• Boiling water at 100 °
C is commonly used
to kill microorganisms
on objects of daily
use such as syringe
milk bottles and
dentist equipment.

ANTISEPTIC

• Antiseptics are chemicals that can be applied
to the surface of human skin or wounds to
prevent pathogenic infections

• Examples of antiseptics are acrifl avine (yellow
medicine), povidone and 70% isopropyl alcohol
(IPA)

• Some antiseptics such as acrifl avine and
povidone can kill microorganisms and some
antiseptics such as profl avine inhibit or inhibit
the growth of microorganisms

• 70% isopropyl alcohol can be used as an
antiseptic and sterilizing agent.



DISINFECTANTS • Disinfectants are chemicals used on
non-living things such as sheets,
toilets and swimming pools to kill
microorganisms especially pathogens.

• Disinfectants are not suitable for use
on skin or wounds.

• Examples of common disinfectants
used in daily life are bleach, hydrogen
peroxide and chlorine.

RADIATION

• Ionizing rays such as
ultraviolet rays, X-rays and
gamma rays can be used to
kill microorganisms.

• These rays penetrate into
the cells of microorganisms
and destroy them.

• For example, ultraviolet
rays are used to kill
microorganisms in the
operating room

ANTIBIOTIC

INFECTIOUS
DISEASE

TREATMENT
METHODS

THE END

MrMpoilam 2021