Adrenergic blockers (topical) formation and slightly increase aqueous humor outflow chronic open-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma Bronchospasm Fatigue Apraclonidine Headaches Betaxolol outflow Slow heart rate Brimonidine Carteolol Levobunolol Metipranolol Timolol maleate Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Inhibit action of carbonic anhydrase, thus decreasing aqueous humor production To treat chronic open angle glaucoma, acute angle-closure episodes, and secondary glaucoma Hemolytic or aplastic anemia Hypokalemia Acetazolamide Leukopenia Brinzolamide Nausea and vomiting Dorzolamide Osmotic agents Glycerin Reduce volume of vitreous humor To prepare for intraocular surgery «Hypokalemia To treat acute glaucoma «Diuresis Isosorbide Decrease IOP Mannitol Prostaglandin analogues Decrease IOP To treat glaucoma «Irritation Tearing Bimatoprost Latanoprost Travoprost Unoprostone OTIC DRUGS
Drug Action Treatment uses Adverse reactions Anesthetics (local) Benzocaine Temporarily interrupt the conduction of nerve im-pulses To temporarily relieve ear pain Ear irritation or itching Edema Hives Masking of the symptoms of a fulminating middle ear infection Anti-infectives Acetic acid Kill bacteria or inhibit bacterial growth Inhibit fungal growth (acetic acid and boric acid) To treat otitis externa To treat otitis media (colistin and polymyxin B sulfate) Burning Dermatitis Ear itching Hives Boric acid Chloramphenicol Colistin sulfate Neomycin sulfate Polymyxin B sulfate Antiinflammatories Hydrocortisone Inhibit edema, capillary dilation, fibrin deposition, and phagocyte and leuko-cyte migration Reduce capillary and fi-broblast proliferation, col-lagen deposition, and scar formation To treat inflammatory conditions of the external ear canal Masking or exacerbation of underlying otic infection Transient local stinging or burning sensations Dexamethasonesodium phosphate Cerumenolytics Carbamide peroxide Triethanolamine polypeptide Reduce hardened ceru-men by emulsifying and mechanically loosening it To loosen and remove cerumen from the ear canal Mild, localized redness and itching DERMATOLOGIC DRUGS Drug Action Treatment uses Adverse reactions Anti-infectives Antibacterials Azelaic acid Bacitracin Clindamycin
Erythromycin Gentamicin Mafenide Metronidazole Mupirocin Neomycin Silver sulfadiazine Sulfacetamide sodium Tetracycline Kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria To treat infections caused by bacteria (each drug is specific to particular organisms; combination products may also be used) Contact dermatitis Rash Skin burning, itching, and red-ness Skin dryness Stinging Antifungals Amphotericin B Butenafine Ciclopirox Clotrimazole Econazole Ketoconazole Miconazole Naftifine Nystatin Oxiconazole Sulconazole Terbinafine Kill or inhibit the growth of fungiof bacteria To treat infections caused by fungi (each drug is specific to particular or-ganisms) Same as for antibacterials Antivirals Acyclovir Penciclovir Inhibit the growth of herpes virus To treat herpes genitalis or herpes labialis Same as for antibacterials Antiinflammatories Alclometasone Betamethasone dipropionate Clobetasol Clocortolone Desonide Desoximetasone Dexamethasone Diflorasone diacetate Fluocinolone Fluocinonide Flurandrenolide Fluticasone Halcinonide Halobetasol Hydrocortisone Mometasone Triamcinolone acetonide Suppress inflammation by binding to intracellular corticosteroid receptors, initiating a cascade of antiinflammatory mediators Cause vasoconstriction in inflamed tissue and pre-vent macrophages and leukocytes from moving into the area To relieve inflammation and itching in topical steroid-responsive disorders, such as eczema, psoriasis, angioedema, contact dermatitis, sebor-rheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and hives Hair growth stimulants Minoxidil Stimulate hair growth by causing vasodilation, which increases blood flow to the skin (exact mecha-nism of action is unknown) To treat male and female pattern baldness Fluid retention Rapid heart rate Weight gain Topical antiacne drugs Keratolytics Acitretin Adapalene Isotretinoin Tazarotene Tretinoin Counterirritants Benzoyl peroxide Produce antibacterial effects Reduce inflammation Produce antibacterial effects Reduce inflammation To treat mild acne, oily skin, and acne vulgaris (oral antibiotic therapy used as needed for deep acne) To treat mild acne, oily skin, and acne vulgaris (oral antibiotic therapy used as needed for deep acne) Burning Hives Rash Scaling, blistering, and peeling Skin dryness Skin irritation Superinfection (with prolonged use) Same as for keratolytics
Antimicrobials Clindamycin Doxycycline Erythromycin Minocycline Tetracycline Produce antibacterial effects Reduce inflammation To treat mild acne, oily skin, and acne vulgaris (oral antibiotic therapy used as needed for deep acne) Same as for keratolytics Hypersensitivity reactions (oral) Candidal vaginitis (oral) Gram-negative pustular folliculitis (oral) Scabicides and pediculicides Gamma benzene hexachloride Lindane Malathion Permethrin Act on parasite nerve cell membranes to disrupt the sodium channel current, causing paralysis (some are also ovicidal) To treat scabies and lice Contact dermatitis Hypersensitivity reactions Respiratory allergy symptoms ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → Vaccines and treatment for biological weapons exposure Listed here are potentially threatening biological (bacterial and viral) agents as well as treatments and vaccines currently available for conditions caused by biological agents. Implement standard precautions for all cases of suspected exposure. For cases of smallpox, institute airborne precautions for the duration of the illness and until all scabs fa II off. For pneumonic plague cases, institute droplet precautions for 72 hours after initiation of effective therapy. Biological agent (condition) Treatment Vaccine Bacillus anthracis(anthrax) Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, penicillin Limited supply of an inactivated cell-free product available; when used, shortens period of antimicrobial prophylaxis Not recommended in absence of exposure to anthrax Clostridium botulinum (botulism)—Not contagious Supportive; may require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation Passive immunization with equine an-titoxin to lessen nerve damage Postexposure prophylaxis with equine bot-ulinum antitoxin Botulinum toxoid available from the Cen-ters for Disease Control and Prevention; recombinant vaccine under development Francisella tularensis (tularemia)—Not contagious Gentamicin or streptomycin; alternatively, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin Vaccination with live, attenuated vaccine currently under investigation and review by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Variola major (smallpox)—Transmitted by inhalation of air droplets or aerosols; patient most infectious from onset of maculopapular rash through first 7 to 10 days No FDA-approved antiviral available; cidofovir may be therapeutic if adminis-tered 1 to 2 days after exposure Vaccine available as prophylaxis within 3 to 4 days of exposure Yersinia pestis (plague)—Transmit-ted person to person via aerosol (pneumonic plague) Streptomycin or gentamicin; alterna-tively, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, or chloramphenicol Vaccination no longer available; didn’t pro-tect against primary pneumonic plague ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → Treatment and antidotes for chemical weapons exposure Listed here are potentially threatening chemical agents, treatments currently available, and antidotes. In the event of chemical agent exposure, follow standard precautions and decontamination protocols, such as removing clothing and sealing it in plastic bags, irrigating the eyes, washing skin and hair using copious water, treating waste water as needed, and decontaminating the health care facility according to the specific agent involved. Chemical agent Treatment Antidote Nerve agents Sarin Soman Tabun VX Supportive care Diazepam or lorazepam to prevent seizures Atropine I.M. or I.V. Pralidoxime chloride I.M. or I.V. Cyanides Cyanogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Supportive care 100% oxygen by face mask; may need endotracheal (ET) intubation with 100% FIO 2 Activated charcoal for conscious patient Amyl nitrite via inhalation Sodium nitrite I.V. and sodium thiosulfate I.V.; dosage based on patient’s weight and hemoglobin level Vesicants or blister agents Lewisite Mustard lewisite Nitrogen mustard Phosgene oxime Sulfur mustard Thermal burn therapy Respiratory support and eye care No antidote available for mus-tards or phosgene oxime For lewisite and lewisite mustard mixtures: British Anti-Lewisite I.M. (rarely available) Pulmonary or choking agents Chlorine Diphosgene Phosgene Sulfur dioxide Supportive care Oxygen thera-py; possible ET intubation and mechanical ventilation with positiveend expiratory pressure None Ricin (biotoxin isolated from castor bean oil extract) Supportive care For ingestion, activated charcoal None T-2 mycotoxins (toxic compounds pro-duced by fungi) Fusarium Myrotecium Stachybotrys Trichoderma Verticimonosporium «Supportive Supportive care For ingestion, activated charcoal Possible highdose steroids None ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → Herbal drugs The following table lists some common herbal drugs, their uses, and considerations to know when caring for patients taking these drugs. Herbal medicine Common uses Special considerations Aloe Oral Constipation Bowel evacuation Topical Minor burns Skin irritation The laxative actions of aloe may take up to 10 hours after ingestion to be effective. Monitor the patient for signs of dehydration; geriatric patients are particularly at risk. Constipation Oral Anxiety or restlessness Diarrhea Motion sickness Indigestion Topical Inflammation Wound healing Cutaneous burns Teas Sedation Relaxation People sensitive to ragweed and chrysanthemums or others in the Compositae family may be more susceptible to contact allergies and anaphylaxis. Patients with hay fever or bronchial asthma caused by pollens are more susceptible to anaphylactic reactions. Pregnant women shouldn’t use chamomile. Chamomile may enhance anticoagulant’s effect. Cranberry Prophylaxis for urinary tract infection (UTI) Treatment of UTI Prevention of renal calculi Only the unsweetened form of cranberry prevents bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall and preventing or treating UTIs Echinacea Supportive therapy to prevent and treat common cold and acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract Echinacea is considered supportive therapy and shouldn’t be used in place of antibiotic therapy. Feverfew Prevention and treatment of migraines and headaches Hot flashes Rheumatoid arthritis Asthma Menstrual problems Avoid using in pregnant patients because feverfew is also an abortifa-cient. Feverfew may increase the risk of abnormal bleeding when combined with an anticoagulant or antiplatelet. Abruptly stopping feverfew may cause “postfeverfew syndrome” involving tension headaches, insomnia, joint stiffness and pain, and lethargy. Decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels Odor of garlic may be apparent on breath and skin.
Garlic Prevent atherosclerosis Age-related vascular changes Prevent GI cancer Coughs, colds, fevers, and sore throats Garlic may prolong bleeding time in patients receiving anticoagulants. Excess raw garlic intake may increase the risk of adverse reactions. Garlic shouldn’t be used in patients with diabetes, insomnia, pemphigus, organ transplants, or rheumatoid arthritis or in those who have re-cently undergone surgery. Ginger Nausea (antiemetic) Motion sickness Morning sickness GI upset (colic, flatulence, in-digestion) Hypercholesteremia Liver toxicity Burns Ulcers Depression Ginger may increase the risk of bleeding, bruising, or nosebleeds. Pregnant women should obtain medical advice before using ginger medicinally. Ginger may interfere with the intended therapeutic effects of certain conventional drugs. Ginkgo biloba “Memory” agent Alzheimer’s disease Multi-infarct dementia Cerebral insufficiency Intermittent claudication Tinnitus Headache Adverse effects occur in less than 1% of patients; the most common is GI upset. Ginkgo biloba may potentiate anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding. Ginkgo extracts are considered standardized if they contain 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. Seizures have been reported in children after ingestion of more then 50 seeds. Treatment should continue for 6 to 8 weeks but for no more than 3 months. Ginseng Fatigue Improve concentration Treat atherosclerosis Also believed to strengthen the body and increase resistance to disease after sickness or weakness Ginseng may cause severe adverse reactions when taken in large doses (more than 3 g per day for 2 years), such as increased motor and cognitive activity with significant diarrhea, nervousness, insomnia, hy-pertension, edema, and skin eruptions. Ginseng may potentiate anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding. Green tea Prevent cancer Hyperlipidemia Atherosclerosis Dental caries Headaches Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant Mild diuretic Green tea contains caffeine. Avoid prolonged and high caffeine intake, which may cause restlessness, irritability, insomnia, palpitations, vertigo, headache, and adverse GI effects. Adding milk may decrease adverse GI effects of green tea. Green tea may potentiate anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding. Kava Antianxiety Stress Restlessness Sedation Promote wound healing Headache Seizure disorders Common cold Respiratory infections Kava is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. Kava shouldn’t be used in combination with St. John’s wort. Kava shouldn’t be taken with other CNS depressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levodopa, antiplatelets, alcohol, or anxiolytics. Kava can cause drowsiness and may impair motor reflexes and mental acuity; advise the patient to avoid hazardous activities. Effects should appear within 2 days of initiation of therapy. St. John's wort Mild to moderate depression Anxiety Psychovegetative disorders Sciatica Viral infections Effects may take several weeks; however, if no improvement occurs after 4 to 6 weeks, consider alternative therapy. St. John’s wort interacts with many different types of drugs. St. John’s wort shouldn’t be used in combination with prescription antidepressants or antianxiety medications. Vitex Premenstrual syndrome Vitex should be taken in the morning with water. Vitex is a very slow acting substance; it may take several cycles to see an effect.
Yohimbine Impotence (works as an aphrodisiac) Yohimbine may cause CNS excitation, including tremor, sleeplessness, anxiety, increased blood pressure, and tachycardia. Don’t use in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency. ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → Selected references American Drug Index, 50th ed. Philadelphia: Facts and Comparisons, 2006. American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information 2008. Bethesda, Md.: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 2008. Arana, G.W., et al. Handbook of Psychiatric Drug Therapy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006. Bisno, A.L. “Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft-tissue Infections,” Clinical Infectious Disease 41:1174-78, 2005. Burke, M.B., and Wilkes, G.M. 2006 Oncology Nursing Drug Handbook. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Pubs., Inc., 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov Chong, O.T. “An Integrative Approach to Addressing Clinical Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine in an Outpatient Oncology Center,” Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 10(1):83-88, February 2006. Chu, E. Physicians’ Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2006. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Pubs., Inc., 2008. Gensure, R., and Jüppner, H. “Parathyroid Hormone without Parathyroid Glands,” Endocrinology 146(2):544-46, February 2005. Golan, D., et al. Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. Gutierrez, K. Pharmacotherapeutics: Clinical Reasoning in Primary Care, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2008. Houck, P.M., and Bratzler, D.W. “Administration of First Hospital Antibiotics for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Does Timeliness Affect Outcomes?” Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 18(2):151-56, April 2005. Kanner, E.M., and Tsai, J.C. “Current and Emerging Medical Therapies for Glaucoma,” Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 10(1):109-18 February 2005. Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide 2008. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008. Nolan, C.R.“Strategies for Improving Long-Term Survival in Patients with ESRD,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16(Suppl 2): S120-S127, November 2005. Nursing I.V. Drug Handbook, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. Nursing2008 Drug Handbook, 28th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008. Physician’s Desk Reference, 58th ed. Montvale, Md.: Thomson PDR, 2004. Professional Guide to Pathophysiology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
Psychopharmacology, 2nd ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Publishing, Incorporated, 2006. Roach, S., and Zorko, B.S. Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. Roach, S., and Ford, S.M. Introductory Clinical Pharmacology, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. Salzman, C. Clinical Geriatric Psychopharmacology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. Sande, M.A., and Eliopoulos, G. The Sanford Guide to HIV/AIDS Therapy, 14th ed. Hyde Park, Vt.: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc., 2005. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: www.fda.gov ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → AAb a c a vir 2 6 6 – 2 7 0 A b cixim a b 1 6 5 – 1 6 9 A b s o r p tio n 7 – 9 d r u g in t e r a c tio n s a n d 1 6 A c a r b o s e 3 4 2 – 3 4 5 A c e b u t olol 4 3 – 4 7 1 2 9 – 1 3 1 A c e t a min o p h e n 9 6 – 9 8 n o n s ele c tiv e , s a f e u s e o f 9 9 s ele c tiv e , ris k s o f u sin g 9 8 A c e t a z ola mid e 2 2 9 3 6 8 – 3 6 9 4 1 6 A c e tic a cid 4 1 7 A c e t o h e x a mid e 3 4 2 – 3 4 5 A c e t ylc h olin e 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 7 6 0 6 1 A c e t ylc y s t ein e 1 9 0 – 1 9 1 A cidif yin g d r u g s 3 6 8 – 3 6 9 A cit r e tin 4 1 9 A c tiv a t e d c h a r c o al 2 0 4 – 2 0 5 4 2 2 A c tiv e t r a n s p o r t 7 A c u t e t h e r a p y 1 4 A c y clo vir 2 6 0 – 2 6 3 4 1 8 A d a p ale n e 4 1 9 A d ditiv e e f f e c t s 1 6 A d e n o sin e 1 3 3 – 1 3 4 A d r e n e r gic blo c kin g d r u g s 4 0 – 4 7 t o pic al 4 1 6 A d r e n e r gic d r u g s 3 2 – 3 9 cla s sif yin g 3 2 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 3 3 A d s o r b e n t d r u g s 2 0 4 – 2 0 5 A d v e r s e d r u g r e a c tio n s 1 7 – 1 9 d o s e - r ela t e d 1 7 – 1 8 p a tie n t s e n sitivit y ’ r ela t e d 1 8 – 1 9 A g o nis t 1 2 Alb u t e r ol 3 7 – 3 9 1 7 6 – 1 7 7 Alclo m e t a s o n e 4 1 9 Ald e sle u kin 4 0 8 – 4 0 9 Ald o s t e r o n e 3 0 1 Ale m t u z u m a b 3 9 8 – 3 9 9 Alf u z o sin 4 0 – 4 3 Alk alinizin g d r u g s 3 6 6 – 3 6 8 Alk yla tin g d r u g s 3 7 1 – 3 7 9 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 3 7 3 Alk yla tin g -lik e d r u g s 3 7 8 – 3 7 9 Alk yl s ulf o n a t e s 3 7 4 – 3 7 5 Allo p u rin ol 3 0 7 – 3 0 9 Allyla min e d e riv a tiv e s , s y n t h e tic 2 8 8 – 2 8 9 Alm o t rip t a n 8 6 – 8 8 Alo e 4 2 3 Alo s e t r o n 2 1 0 Alp h a - a d r e n e r gic blo c k e r s 4 0 – 4 3 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 4 1 Alp r a z ola m 3 1 2 – 3 1 3 3 1 4 3 1 5 Alp r o s t a dil 2 3 1 – 2 3 2 Alt e pla s e 1 7 1 – 1 7 3 1 7 2 Alt r e t a min e 4 0 9 – 4 1 0 Alu min u m c a r b o n a t e g el 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 Alu min u m - m a g n e siu m c o m ple x 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 A m a n t a din e 6 2 – 6 6 2 6 4 – 2 6 6 A m b e n o niu m 2 4 – 2 7 A mik a cin 2 3 8 – 2 4 0 A milo rid e 2 2 7 – 2 2 8 A min o gly c o sid e s 2 3 8 – 2 4 0 1 - ( a min o m e t h yl) c y clo h e x a n e ’ a c e tic a cid 7 8 – 7 9 A min o p h yllin e 1 8 3 – 1 8 5 A mio d a r o n e 1 3 1 – 1 3 2 A mit rip t ylin e 3 2 2 – 3 2 5 A mlo dipin e 1 3 8 – 1 4 0 A m m o niu m c hlo rid e 3 6 8 – 3 6 9 A m o b a r bit al 3 1 6 – 3 1 7 A m o x a pin e 3 2 2 – 3 2 5 A m o xicillin 1 9 6 – 1 9 7 2 4 1 – 2 4 3
Amphetamine salts, mixed 336–337 Amphotericin B 280–283 418 Ampicillin 241–243 Amprenavir 272–275 Amylase 206 Amyl nitrite 135–136 Anakinra 302–306 Anastrozole 387–388 Androgens 390–391 Anesthetic drugs 108–115 ophthalmic 414 otic 417 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 144–145 Angiotensin II receptor blockers 146–147 Animals as drug sources 3 4 Antacids 197–198 Antagonist 12 types of 12–13 Antagonistic effect 16 Anterior pituitary drugs 349–350 Antiacne drugs, topical 419–420 Antiallergic agents as ophthalmic drugs 414 Antiandrogens 391–392 Antianginal drugs 134–140 mechanism of action of 134 Antianxiety drugs 318–319 Antiarrhythmic drugs 123–134 Antibacterial drugs 238–260 dermatologic 418 Antibiotic antineoplastic drugs 385–386 Antibiotics, systemic, as gastrointestinal drugs 196–197 See also Antibacterial drugs Anticholinergic drugs 27–32 60–62 177–178 Anticholinesterase drugs 24–27 differentiating toxic response to, from myasthenic crisis 24 mechanism of action of 22 Anticoagulant drugs 161–171 Anticonvulsant drugs 68–85 Antidepressants 320–329 risks of 322 Antidiabetic drugs 339–345 Antidiarrheal drugs 208–210 Antidiuretic hormone 350–352 Antiemetics 216–219 Antiestrogens 388–390 Antiflatulent drugs 205 Antifungal drugs 280–289 dermatologic 418 Antigout drugs 306–309 Antihistamines 216–219 294–297 Antihypertensive drugs 140–147 Anti-infective drugs 237–290 dermatologic 418 ophthalmic 414 otic 417 Anti-inflammatories dermatologic 419 ophthalmic 415 otic 417 Antilipemic drugs 147–152 Antimetabolite drugs 379–384 Antimicrobial drug, selecting 237 Antimigraine drugs 85–90 Antimycotic drugs 280–289 Antineoplastic drugs 371–411 unclassifiable 402–411 Antiparkinsonian drugs 59–68 Antiplatelet drugs 165–169 Antipsychotic drugs 330–336 Antipyretics 93–101 Antiretroviral drugs 266–275 Antithymocyte globulin 302–306 Antithyroid drugs 355–356 Antitubercular drugs 275–280 Antitussives 188–189 Antiulcer drugs 195–203 Antiviral drugs 260–275 dermatologic 418 Anxiolytics 318–319 Apraclonidine 416 Argatroban 169–170 Aripiprazole 331–332 Aromatase inhibitors 387–388 Arsenic trioxide 403 Ascorbic acid 368–369 Asparaginases 404
A s pirin 9 4 – 9 6 1 6 6 – 1 6 9 A t a z a n a vir 2 7 2 – 2 7 5 A t e n olol 4 3 – 4 7 1 3 7 – 1 3 8 A t o r v a s t a tin 1 4 9 – 1 5 0 A t r a c u riu m 5 6 – 5 8 A t r o pin e 2 7 – 3 2 3 0 4 1 6 A t y pic al a n tip s y c h o tic s 3 3 1 – 3 3 2 A u t o n o mic n e r v o u s s y s t e m d r u g s 2 1 – 4 7 A z a s pir o d e c a n e dio n e d e riv a tiv e s 3 1 9 A z a t a din e 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 A z a t hio p rin e 3 0 2 – 3 0 6 A z elaic a cid 4 1 8 A z ela s tin e 4 1 4 A zit h r o m y cin 2 4 9 – 2 5 1 A z t r e o n a m 2 5 5 – 2 5 6 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → B Bacitracin 418 Baclofen 53–55 Barbiturates 70–72 110–112 316–317 Basiliximab 302–306 Beclomethasone 178–180 298–300 Belladonna 27–32 Benazepril 144–145 Bendroflumethiazide 224–225 Benzocaine 114–115 417 Benzodiazepines 74–76 110–112 312–313 315 mechanism of action of 314 Benzonatate 188–189 Benzoyl peroxide 420 Benztropine 27–32 60–62 Benzyl alcohol 114–115 Beta-adrenergic blockers 43–47 129–131 137–138 cardioselective 45 mechanism of action of 45 underuse of, in elderly patients 46 Beta2 -adrenergic agonists 176–177 Betamethasone 298–300 Betaxolol 43–47 416 Bethanechol 21–24 Bicalutamide 391–392 Bile-sequestering drugs 147–148 Bimatoprost 416 Biological weapons exposure, vaccines and treatment for 421 Biotransformation See Metabolism. Biperiden 60–62 Bisacodyl 214–215 Bisoprolol 43–47 Bistriazole antimycotic drug 285–287 Bitolterol 37–39 Bivalirudin 169–170 Bleomycin 385–386 Boric acid 417 Bortezomib 400–402 Brimonidine 416 Brinzolamide 416 Bromocriptine 62–66 Brompheniramine 294–295 297 Buccal route of administration 4 Buclizine 216–219 Budesonide 178–180 Bulk-forming laxatives 212–213 Bumetanide 225–227 Bupivacaine 112–114 Buprenorphine 105–107 Bupropion 327–329 Buspirone 319 Busulfan 374–375 Butabarbital 316–317 Butacaine 114–115 Butenafine 281 418 Butoconazole 281 Butorphanol 105–107 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → CCalciu m c a r b o n a t e 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 C alciu m c h a n n el blo c k e r s 1 3 8 – 1 4 0 1 4 2 – 1 4 3 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 1 3 9 C alciu m r e pla c e m e n t 3 6 1 – 3 6 3 C a n c e r , d r u g s a n d 3 7 1 C a n d e s a r t a n cile x e til 1 4 6 – 1 4 7 C a p e cit a bin e 3 8 1 – 3 8 3 C a p t o p ril 1 4 4 – 1 4 5 C a r b a c h ol 2 1 – 2 4 4 1 5 C a r b a m a z e pin e 7 3 – 7 4 C a r b a mid e p e r o xid e 4 1 7 C a r b a p e n e m s 2 5 3 – 2 5 5 C a r b e nicillin 2 4 1 – 2 4 3 C a r bid o p a -le v o d o p a 6 2 – 6 6 C a r b o nic a n h y d r a s e in hibit o r s 2 2 9 4 1 6 C a r b o pla tin 3 7 8 – 3 7 9 C a r b o x a mid e s 8 0 – 8 1 C a r b o x ylic a cid d e riv a tiv e s 7 6 – 7 8 C a r dia c gly c o sid e s 1 2 0 – 1 2 2 C a r dio v a s c ula r d r u g s 1 1 9 – 1 5 2 C a ris o p r o d ol 5 0 – 5 2 C a r m u s tin e 3 7 5 – 3 7 6 C a r t e olol 4 3 – 4 7 4 1 6 C a r v e dilol 4 3 – 4 7 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 C a s p o f u n gin 2 8 7 – 2 8 8 C a s t o r oil 2 1 4 – 2 1 5 C a t e c h ola min e s 3 3 – 3 7 C a t e c h olO - m e t h ylt r a n s f e r a s e in hibit o r s 6 6 – 6 8 C e f a clo r 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f a d r o xil 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f a z olin 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f dinir 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f e pim e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e fixim e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f o t a xim e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f o xitin 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f p o d o xim e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f p r o zil 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f t a zidim e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f tib u t e n 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f t ria x o n e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e f u r o xim e 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C ele c o xib 9 8 – 1 0 0 C e n t r ala c tin g s y m p a t h e tic n e r v o u s s y s t e m in hibit o r s 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 C e n t r ally a c tin g s k ele t al m u s cle r ela x a n t s 5 0 – 5 2 C e n t r al n e r v e blo c k 1 1 3 C e p h ale xin 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 C e p h alo s p o rin s 2 4 3 – 2 4 6 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 2 4 5 C e r u m e n oly tic s 4 1 7 C e tirizin e 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 C e vim elin e 2 1 – 2 4 C h a m o mile 4 2 3 C h e mic al w e a p o n s e x p o s u r e , t r e a t m e n t a n d a n tid o t e s f o r 4 2 2 C hlo r al h y d r a t e 3 1 7 – 3 1 8 C hlo r a m b u cil 3 7 2 – 3 7 4 C hlo r a m p h e nic ol 4 1 7 4 2 1 C hlo r dia z e p o xid e 3 1 2 – 3 1 3 3 1 4 3 1 5 C hlo r o p r o c ain e 1 1 2 – 1 1 4 C hlo r o t hia zid e 2 2 4 – 2 2 5 C hlo r p h e nir a min e 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 6 2 9 7 C hlo r p r o m a zin e 2 1 6 – 2 1 9 3 3 3 – 3 3 6 C hlo r p r o p a mid e 3 4 2 – 3 4 5 C hlo r t h alid o n e 2 2 4 – 2 2 5 C hlo r z o x a z o n e 5 0 – 5 2 C h ole s t e r ol a b s o r p tio n in hibit o r s 1 5 2 C h ole s t y r a min e 1 4 7 – 1 4 8 C h olin e m a g n e siu m t ris alic yla t e 9 4 – 9 6 C h olin e r gic a g o nis t s 2 1 – 2 4 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 2 2
C h olin e r gic blo c kin g d r u g s 2 7 – 3 2 6 0 – 6 2 1 7 7 – 1 7 8 C h olin e r gic d r u g s 2 1 – 2 7 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 2 2 C h olin e s alic yla t e 9 4 – 9 6 C h o rio nic g o n a d o t r o pin 3 4 9 – 3 5 0 Ciclo pir o x 2 8 1 4 1 8 Cid o f o vir 4 2 1 Cim e tidin e 1 9 9 2 0 0 2 0 1 Cip r o flo x a cin 2 5 6 – 2 5 7 2 7 7 4 1 4 4 2 1 Cis a t r a c u riu m 5 6 – 5 8 Cis pla tin 3 7 8 – 3 7 9 Cit alo p r a m 3 2 0 – 3 2 2 Cla d ribin e 3 8 3 – 3 8 4 Cla rit h r o m y cin 1 9 6 – 1 9 7 2 4 9 – 2 5 1 Cla s s I A a n tia r r h y t h mic s 1 2 4 – 1 2 5 Cla s s I B a n tia r r h y t h mic s 1 2 6 – 1 2 7 Cla s s I C a n tia r r h y t h mic s 1 2 8 – 1 2 9 Cla s s I I a n tia r r h y t h mic s 1 2 9 – 1 3 1 Cla s s I I I a n tia r r h y t h mic s 1 3 1 – 1 3 2 Cla s s I V a n tia r r h y t h mic s 1 3 3 – 1 3 4 Se e a ls o C alciu m c h a n n el blo c k e r s. Clemastine 294–295 297 Clindamycin 248–249 418 420 Clioquinol 281 Clobetasol 419 Clocortolone 419 Clomipramine 322–325 Clonazepam 74–76 312–313 314 315 Clonidine 141–142 Clopidogrel 165–169 Clorazepate 74–76 312–313 314 315 Clotrimazole 281 418 Clove oil 114–115 Clozapine 331–332 Cocaine 112–115 Codeine 102–105 188–189 Colchicine 307–309 Colesevelam 147–148 Colestipol 147–148 Colistin sulfate 417 Competitive drugs 56–58 Competitive inhibition 107 Corticosteroids 178–180 297–301 special population concerns and 179 Corticotropin 349–350 Corticotropin repository 349–350 Cortisone 298–300 Cosyntropin 349–350 Co-trimoxazole 257–259 COX-2 inhibitors 98–99 100 See also Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory d r u g s. Cranberry 423 Cromolyn 182 414 Cyanocobalamin 158–159 Cyclizine 216–219 Cyclobenzaprine 50–52 Cyclopentolate 416 Cyclophosphamide 302–306 372–374 Cycloplegics 416 Cyclosporine 302–306 Cyproheptadine 294–295 297 Cytarabine 381–383 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → DDa c a r b a zin e 3 7 6 – 3 7 7 D a cliz u m a b 3 0 2 – 3 0 6 D a c tin o m y cin 3 8 5 – 3 8 6 D alt e p a rin 1 6 1 – 1 6 4 D a n t r ole n e 5 2 – 5 3 D a r b e p o e tin alf a 1 6 0 – 1 6 1 D a rif e n a cin 2 3 0 – 2 3 1 D a r u n a vir 2 7 2 – 2 7 5 D a u n o r u bicin 3 8 5 – 3 8 6 D e c o n g e s t a n t s 1 9 1 – 1 9 3 D ela vir din e 2 7 0 – 2 7 1 D e m e c a riu m 2 4 – 2 7 D e m e clo c y clin e 2 4 7 – 2 4 8 D e p ola rizin g blo c kin g d r u g s 5 8 – 5 9 D e r m a t olo gic d r u g s 4 1 8 – 4 2 0 D e s flu r a n e 1 0 9 – 1 1 0 D e sip r a min e 3 2 2 – 3 2 5 D e slo r a t a din e 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 D e s m o p r e s sin 3 5 0 – 3 5 2 D e s o nid e 4 1 9 D e s o xim e t a s o n e 4 1 9 D e x a m e t h a s o n e 2 9 8 – 3 0 0 4 1 5 4 1 7 4 1 9 D e x c hlo r p h e nir a min e 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 D e x t r o a m p h e t a min e 3 3 6 – 3 3 7 D e x t r o m e t h o r p h a n 1 8 8 – 1 8 9 Dia z e p a m 5 3 – 5 5 7 4 – 7 6 3 1 2 – 3 1 3 3 1 4 3 1 5 4 2 2 Dia z o xid e 1 4 2 – 1 4 3 Dib u c ain e 1 1 4 – 1 1 5 Diclo f e n a c 9 8 – 1 0 0 4 1 5 Diclo x a cillin 2 4 1 – 2 4 3 Dic y clo min e 2 7 – 3 2 Did a n o sin e 2 6 6 – 2 7 0 Die t a r y fib e r 2 1 2 – 2 1 3 Diflo r a s o n e 4 1 9 Diflu nis al 9 4 – 9 6 Dig e s tiv e d r u g s 2 0 6 Dig o xin 1 2 0 – 1 2 2 Dig o xin t o xicit y , sig n s a n d s y m p t o m s o f 1 2 2 Dih y d r o e r g o t a min e 8 9 – 9 0 Diltia z e m 1 3 3 – 1 3 4 1 3 8 – 1 4 0 Dim e n h y d rin a t e 2 1 6 – 2 1 9 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 Dip h e n h y d r a min e 6 0 – 6 2 2 1 6 – 2 1 9 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 Dip h e nid ol 2 1 8 Dip h e n o x yla t e wit h a t r o pin e 2 0 8 – 2 0 9 Dipiv e f rin 4 1 5 Dip y rid a m ole 1 6 5 – 1 6 9 Dir e c t - a c tin g s k ele t al m u s cle r ela x a n t s 5 2 – 5 3 Dir e c tly o b s e r v a ble t h e r a p y 2 7 6 Dir e c t t h r o m bin in hibit o r s 1 6 9 – 1 7 0 Dir e c t v a s o dila t o r s 1 4 2 – 1 4 3 Dis o p y r a mid e 1 2 4 – 1 2 5 Dis t rib u tio n 9 – 1 0 d r u g in t e r a c tio n s a n d 1 6 Diu r e tic s 2 2 4 – 2 2 9 Div alp r o e x 7 6 – 7 8 D o b u t a min e 3 3 – 3 7 D o c e t a x el 4 1 0 – 4 1 1 D o c u s a t e s alt s 2 1 3 – 2 1 4 D o f e tilid e 1 3 1 – 1 3 2 D ola s e t r o n 2 1 6 – 2 1 9 D o n e p e zil 2 4 – 2 7 D o p a min e 3 3 – 3 7 D o p a min e r gic d r u g s 6 2 – 6 6 D o r z ola mid e 4 1 6 D o s e - r e s p o n s e c u r v e 1 3 1 4 D o x a z o sin 4 0 – 4 3 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 D o x e pin 3 2 2 – 3 2 5 D o x o r u bicin 3 8 5 – 3 8 6 D o x y c y clin e 2 4 7 – 2 4 8 4 2 0 4 2 1 D r o n a bin ol 2 1 8
D r o t r e c o gin alf a 2 8 9 – 2 9 0 D r u g a d minis t r a tio n r o u t e s 4 – 5 e f f e c t o f , o n a b s o r p tio n 7 – 8 D r u g alle r g y 1 8 – 1 9 D r u g d e p e n d e n c e 1 5 D r u g e f f e c t 1 2 D r u g in t e r a c tio n s 1 5 – 1 7 D r u g n o m e n cla t u r e 2 D r u g p o t e n c y 1 3 D r u g s o u r c e s 2 – 4 D r u g t ole r a n c e 1 5 D ulo x e tin e 3 2 0 – 3 2 2 D u r a tio n o f a c tio n 1 2 D y clo nin e 1 1 4 – 1 1 5 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → EEc hin a c e a 4 2 3 E c hin o c a n din s 2 8 7 – 2 8 8 E c h o t hio p h a t e 2 4 – 2 7 E c o n a z ole 2 8 1 4 1 8 E d r o p h o niu m 2 4 – 2 7 t o xic d r u g r e s p o n s e v e r s u s m y a s t h e nic c risis a n d 2 4 E f a vir e n z 2 7 0 – 2 7 1 Ele c t r oly t e r e pla c e m e n t d r u g s 3 5 9 – 3 6 6 Ele t rip t a n 8 6 – 8 8 E m e d a s tin e 4 1 4 E m e tic s 2 1 9 – 2 2 0 E m ollie n t la x a tiv e s 2 1 3 – 2 1 4 E m piric t h e r a p y 1 4 E m t ricit a bin e 2 6 6 – 2 7 0 E n ala p ril 1 4 4 – 1 4 5 E n ala p rila t 1 4 4 – 1 4 5 E n d o c rin e d r u g s 3 3 9 – 3 5 6 E n flu r a n e 1 0 9 – 1 1 0 E n o x a p a rin 1 6 1 – 1 6 4 E n t a c a p o n e 6 6 – 6 8 E p h e d rin e 3 7 – 3 9 1 9 1 – 1 9 3 E pid u r al in f u sio n 5 E pin e p h rin e 3 3 – 3 7 4 1 5 E p o e tin alf a 1 6 0 – 1 6 1 E p r o s a r t a n 1 4 6 – 1 4 7 E p tifib a tid e 1 6 5 – 1 6 9 E r e c tile d y s f u n c tio n t h e r a p y d r u g s 2 3 1 – 2 3 2 E r g oloid m e s yla t e s 4 0 – 4 3 E r g o t a min e 4 0 – 4 3 E r g o t a min e p r e p a r a tio n s 8 9 – 9 0 E r t a p e n e m 2 5 3 – 2 5 5 E r y t h r o m y cin 2 4 9 – 2 5 1 4 1 4 4 1 8 4 2 0 E r y t h r o p oie tin a g e n t s 1 6 0 – 1 6 1 E s cit alo p r a m 3 2 0 – 3 2 2 E s m olol 4 3 – 4 7 1 2 9 – 1 3 1 E s o m e p r a z ole 2 0 1 – 2 0 2 E s t a z ola m 3 1 2 – 3 1 3 3 1 4 3 1 5 E s t r a diol 3 4 7 – 3 4 8 E s t r a m u s tin e 3 7 2 – 3 7 4 E s t r o g e nic s u b s t a n c e s , c o n j u g a t e d 3 4 7 – 3 4 8 E s t r o g e n s 3 4 7 – 3 4 8 e s t e rifie d 3 4 7 – 3 4 8 E s t r o pip a t e 3 4 7 – 3 4 8 E s z o piclo n e 3 1 7 – 3 1 8 E t h a c r y nic a cid 2 2 5 – 2 2 7 E t h a m b u t ol 2 7 6 – 2 8 0 E t hin yl e s t r a diol 2 3 3 – 2 3 4 3 4 7 – 3 4 8 E t h o s u ximid e 8 2 – 8 3 E t h o t oin 6 9 – 7 0 E t h yl c hlo rid e 1 1 4 – 1 1 5 E t h yle nimin e s 3 7 7 – 3 7 8 E t h y n o diol dia c e t a t e 2 3 3 – 2 3 4 E t o d ola c 9 8 – 1 0 0 E t o mid a t e 1 1 0 – 1 1 2 E t o p o sid e 3 9 6 – 3 9 7 E x c r e tio n 1 1 d r u g in t e r a c tio n s a n d 1 6 E x e m e s t a n e 3 8 7 – 3 8 8 E x p e c t e d t h e r a p e u tic r e s p o n s e 1 7 E x p e c t o r a n t s 1 8 7 E z e timib e 1 5 2 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → F Factor Xa inhibitor drugs 170–171 Famciclovir 260–263 Famotidine 199 200 201 Fenofibrate 148–149 Fenoprofen 98–100 Fentanyl 102–105 110–112 Ferrous fumarate 156–157 Ferrous gluconate 156–157 Ferrous sulfate 156–157 Feverfew 423 Fexofenadine 294–295 297 Fibric acid derivatives 148–149 First-pass effect 8 Flavoxate 230–231 Flecainide 128–129 Floxuridine 381–383 Fluconazole 285–287 Flucytosine 283–284 Fludarabine 383–384 Fludrocortisone 301 Flunisolide 178–180 Fluocinolone 419 Fluocinonide 419 Fluorometholone 415 Fluoroquinolones 256–257 277 Fluorouracil 381–383 Fluoxetine 320–322 Fluoxymesterone 390–391 Fluphenazine 333–336 Flurandrenolide 419 Flurazepam 312–313 314 315 Flurbiprofen 98–100 415 Flutamide 391–392 Fluticasone 178–180 Fluvastatin 149–150 Fluvoxamine 320–322 Folic acid 159–160 Folic acid analogues 380–381 Fondaparinux 170–171 Food, drug interactions and 17 Food and Drug Administration, new drug development and 5–6 Formoterol 37–39 176–177 Fosamprenavir 272–275 Foscarnet 264 Fosinopril 144–145 Fosphenytoin 69–70 Frovatriptan 86–88 Fulvestrant 388–390 Furosemide 225–227 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → G Gabapentin 78–79 Galantamine 24–27 Gamma benzene hydrochloride 420 Ganciclovir 260–263 Garlic 423 Gastric route of administration 4 Gastrointestinal drugs 195–220 Gefitinib 400–402 Gemcitabine 381–383 Gemfibrozil 148–149 Gemtuzumab ozogamicin 398–399 Genitourinary drugs 223–234 Gentamicin 238–240 414 418 421 Ginger 423–424 Ginkgo biloba 424 Ginseng 424 Gliclazide 342–345 Glimepiride 342–345 Glipizide 342–345 Glucagon 345 346 Glucan synthesis inhibitors 287–288 Glucocorticoids 298–300 Glyburide 342–345 Glycerin 211–212 416 Glycopyrrolate 27–32 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues 393–395 Goserelin 393–395 Granisetron 216–219 Green tea 424 Griseofulvin 281 Guaifenesin 187 Guanadrel 141–142 Guanethidine 141–142 Guanidine 24–27 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → HHair g r o w t h s tim ula n t s 4 1 9 H alcin o nid e 4 1 9 H alf -lif e 1 1 H alo b e t a s ol 4 1 9 H alo p e rid ol 3 3 3 – 3 3 6 H alo p r o gin 2 8 1 H alo t h a n e 1 0 9 – 1 1 0 H e m a tinic d r u g s 1 5 5 – 1 6 1 H e m a t olo gic d r u g s 1 5 5 – 1 7 3 H e p a rin 1 6 1 – 1 6 4 p a r tial t h r o m b o pla s tin tim e m o nit o rin g a n d 1 6 3 H e r b al d r u g s 4 2 3 – 4 2 4 His t a min e - 1 r e c e p t o r a n t a g o nis t s 2 9 4 – 2 9 7 His t a min e - 2 r e c e p t o r a n t a g o nis t s 1 9 9 2 0 1 m e c h a nis m o f a c tio n o f 2 0 0 H M G - C o A r e d u c t a s e in hibit o r s 1 4 9 – 1 5 0 H o m a t r o pin e 2 7 – 3 2 4 1 6 H o m e o s t a sis , d r u g s a n d 3 5 9 H o r m o n al a n tin e o pla s tic d r u g s 3 8 6 – 3 9 5 H o r m o n al c o n t r a c e p tiv e s 2 3 3 – 2 3 4 H o r m o n e m o d ula t o r s 3 8 6 – 3 9 5 H o r m o n e r e pla c e m e n t t h e r a p y , h e a r t dis e a s e a n d 3 4 8 5 - H T 1 - r e c e p t o r a g o nis t s 8 6 – 8 8 c o n t r ain dic a tio n s t o 8 8 5 - H T 3 r e c e p t o r a n t a g o nis t s 2 1 0 H y d a n t oin s 6 9 – 7 0 H y d r ala zin e 1 4 2 – 1 4 3 H y d r o c hlo r o t hia zid e 2 2 4 – 2 2 5 H y d r o c o d o n e 1 0 2 – 1 0 5 1 8 8 – 1 8 9 H y d r o c o r tis o n e 1 7 8 – 1 8 0 2 9 8 – 3 0 0 4 1 7 4 1 9 H y d r o flu m e t hia zid e 2 2 4 – 2 2 5 H y d r o m o r p h o n e 1 0 2 – 1 0 5 H y d r o x o c o b ala min 1 5 8 – 1 5 9 H y d r o x y a m p h e t a min e 4 1 5 5 - H y d r o x y - 3 - m e t h ylglu t a r yl c o e n z y m e A r e d u c t a s e in hibit o r s 1 4 9 – 1 5 0 H y d r o x y p r o g e s t e r o n e 3 9 2 – 3 9 3 H y d r o x y u r e a 4 0 6 H y d r o x y zin e 2 1 6 – 2 1 9 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 H y o s c y a min e s ulf a t e 2 7 – 3 2 H y p e r gly c e mic d r u g 3 4 5 3 4 6 H y p e r o s m ola r la x a tiv e s 2 1 1 – 2 1 2 H y p e r s u s c e p tibilit y 1 8 H y p o gly c e mic d r u g s 3 3 9 – 3 4 5 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → IJ Iatrogenic effects 18 Ibritumomab tiuxetan 398–399 Ibuprofen 98–100 Ibutilide 131–132 Idarubicin 385–386 Idiosyncratic response 19 Ifosfamide 372–374 Imatinib 400–402 Imidazole 284–285 Iminostilbenes 73–74 Imipenem-cilastatin 253–255 Imipramine 322–325 Immune system drugs 293–309 Immunosuppressants 302–306 Inamrinone 122–123 Indapamide 224–225 Indinavir 272–275 Indomethacin 98–100 Influenza A drugs 264–266 Inhalation anesthetics 109–110 Inotropics 119–123 Insulin 340–342 341 Interferons 407–408 Intra-articular infusion 5 Intradermal route of administration 4 Intramuscular route of administration 4 8 Intraocular pressure, drugs to lower 416 Intraosseous infusion 5 Intraperitoneal infusion 5 Intrapleural infusion 5 Intrathecal infusion 5 Intravenous anesthetics 110–112 Intravenous route of administration 5 7 Intrinsic activity 12 Investigational new drug, approval process for 5–6 Ipecac syrup 219–220 Ipratropium 176–177 Irbesartan 146–147 Irinotecan 399–400 Iron 156–157 parenteral, testing for sensitivity to 157 Iron dextran 156–157 Irritant cathartics 214–215 Isoetharine 37–39 Isoflurane 109–110 Isoniazid 276–280 Isoproterenol 33–39 Isosorbide 135–136 416 Isotretinoin 419 Itraconazole 285–287 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → K Kanamycin 238–240 Kaolin and pectin 209–210 Kava 424 Ketamine 110–112 Ketoconazole 284–285 418 Ketoprofen 98–100 Ketorolac 98–100 415 Ketotifen 414 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → L Labetalol 43–47 141–142 Lactulose 211–212 Lamivudine 266–270 Lamotrigine 79–80 Lansoprazole 201–202 Latanoprost 416 Laxatives 211–216 Lepirudin 169–170 Letrozole 387–388 Leucovorin 160 Leukotriene modifiers 180–182 Leuprolide 393–395 Levalbuterol 37–39 176–177 Levarterenol 33–37 Levetiracetam 84–85 Levobunolol 43–47 416 Levobupivacaine 112–114 Levodopa 62–66 pros and cons of 64 Levofloxacin 256–257 414 Levorphanol 102–105 Levothyroxine 352–354 Lidocaine 112–115 126–127 mechanism of action of 127 Lincomycin derivatives 248–249 Lindane 420 Liothyronine 352–354 Liotrix 352–354 Lipase 206 Lisdexamfetamine 336–337 Lisinopril 144–145 Lithium 329–330 Local anesthetics 112–114 Lodoxamide 414 Lomustine 375–376 Loop diuretics 225–227 Loperamide 208–209 Lopinavir 272–275 Loratadine 294–295 297 Lorazepam 74–76 312–313 314 315 422 Losartan 146–147 Loteprednol 415 Lovastatin 149–150 Loxapine 333–336 Lubricant laxatives 215–216 Lubricants, ophthalmic 415 Lymphocyte immune globulin 302–306 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → MMa c r olid e s 2 4 9 – 2 5 1 M a f e nid e 4 1 8 M a g ald r a t e 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 M a g n e siu m h y d r o xid e a n d alu min u m h y d r o xid e 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 M a g n e siu m r e pla c e m e n t 3 6 3 – 3 6 5 M a g n e siu m s alt s 2 1 1 – 2 1 2 M ain t e n a n c e t h e r a p y 1 4 M ala t hio n 4 2 0 M a n nit ol 2 2 8 4 1 6 M a p r o tilin e 3 2 7 – 3 2 9 M a r gin o f s a f e t y 1 3 M a s t c ell s t a biliz e r s 1 8 2 M e c hlo r e t h a min e 3 7 2 – 3 7 4 M e clizin e 2 1 6 – 2 1 9 2 9 4 – 2 9 5 2 9 7 M e d r o x y p r o g e s t e r o n e 3 9 2 – 3 9 3 M e g e s t r ol 3 9 2 – 3 9 3 M elo xic a m 9 8 – 1 0 0 M elp h ala n 3 7 2 – 3 7 4 M e n o t r o pin s 3 4 9 – 3 5 0 M e n t h ol 1 1 4 – 1 1 5 M e p e ridin e 1 0 2 – 1 0 5 M e p h o b a r bit al 7 0 – 7 2 3 1 6 – 3 1 7 M e piv a c ain e 1 1 2 – 1 1 4 M e r c a p t o p u rin e 3 8 3 – 3 8 4 M e r o p e n e m 2 5 3 – 2 5 5 M e s o rid a zin e 3 3 3 – 3 3 6 M e s t r a n ol 2 3 3 – 2 3 4 M e t a b olis m 1 0 – 1 1 d r u g in t e r a c tio n s a n d 1 6 1 7 M e t a p r o t e r e n ol 3 7 – 3 9 1 7 6 – 1 7 7 M e t a x alo n e 5 0 – 5 2 M e t f o r min 3 4 2 – 3 4 5 M e t h a d o n e 1 0 2 – 1 0 5 M e t h a z ola mid e 2 2 9 M e t him a z ole 3 5 5 – 3 5 6 M e t h o c a r b a m ol 5 0 – 5 2 M e t h o h e xit al 1 1 0 – 1 1 2 M e t h o t r e x a t e 3 8 0 – 3 8 1 M e t h s c o p ola min e 2 7 – 3 2 M e t h s u ximid e 8 2 – 8 3 M e t h y clo t hia zid e 2 2 4 – 2 2 5 M e t h ylc ellulo s e 2 1 2 – 2 1 3 4 1 5 M e t h yld o p a 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 M e t h ylp h e nid a t e 3 3 6 – 3 3 7 M e t h ylp r e d nis olo n e 1 7 8 – 1 8 0 2 9 8 – 3 0 0 2 9 9 M e t h ylx a n t hin e s 1 8 3 – 1 8 5 M e tip r a n olol 4 3 – 4 7 4 1 6 M e t o clo p r a mid e 2 1 8 M e t ola z o n e 2 2 4 – 2 2 5 M e t o p r olol 4 3 – 4 7 1 3 7 – 1 3 8 M e t r o nid a z ole 1 9 6 – 1 9 7 4 1 8 M e xile tin e 1 2 6 – 1 2 7 Mic o n a z ole 2 8 1 4 1 8 Mid a z ola m 1 1 0 – 1 1 2 Miglit ol 3 4 2 – 3 4 5 Milrin o n e 1 2 2 – 1 2 3 Min e r alo c o r tic oid s 3 0 1 Min e r al oil 2 1 5 – 2 1 6 Min e r als a s d r u g s o u r c e s 3 Min o c y clin e 2 4 7 – 2 4 8 4 2 0 Min o xidil 1 4 2 – 1 4 3 4 1 9 Mio tic s 4 1 5 Mir t a z a pin e 3 2 7 – 3 2 9 Mis o p r o s t ol 2 0 2 – 2 0 3 d a n g e r s o f u sin g , d u rin g p r e g n a n c y 2 0 3 Mit o m y cin 3 8 5 – 3 8 6 Mit o x a n t r o n e 3 8 5 – 3 8 6 Mix e d alp h a - a n d b e t a - a d r e n e r gic blo c k e r s 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 Mix e d o pioid a g o nis t - a n t a g o nis t s 1 0 1 1 0 5 – 1 0 7 M o d a finil 3 3 6 – 3 3 7
M o e xip ril 1 4 4 – 1 4 5 M olin d o n e 3 3 3 – 3 3 6 M o m e t a s o n e 4 1 9 M o n o a min e o xid a s e in hibit o r s 3 2 5 – 3 2 7 M o n o b a c t a m s 2 5 5 – 2 5 6 M o n o clo n al a n tib o die s 1 8 6 – 1 8 7 3 9 8 – 3 9 9 M o n t elu k a s t 1 8 0 – 1 8 2 M o o d s t a biliz e r d r u g s 3 2 9 – 3 3 0 M o ricizin e 1 2 8 – 1 2 9 M o r p hin e s ulf a t e 1 0 2 – 1 0 5 M o t o r e n d pla t e , n e u r o m u s c ula r blo c kin g d r u g s a n d 5 6 M o xiflo x a cin 2 5 6 – 2 5 7 M u c oly tic s 1 8 9 – 1 9 1 M u pir o cin 4 1 8 M u r o m o n a b - C D 3 3 0 2 – 3 0 6 M y c o p h e n ola t e m o f e til 3 0 2 – 3 0 6 M y d ria tic s 4 1 5 – 4 1 6 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → NNa b u m e t o n e 9 8 – 1 0 0 N a d olol 4 3 – 4 7 1 3 7 – 1 3 8 N a f cillin 2 4 1 – 2 4 3 N a f tifin e 2 8 1 4 1 8 N alb u p hin e 1 0 5 – 1 0 7 N alo x o n e 1 0 7 – 1 0 8 N alt r e x o n e 1 0 7 – 1 0 8 f o r d r u g a d dic tio n 1 0 8 N a p r o x e n 9 8 – 1 0 0 N a r a t rip t a n 8 6 – 8 8 N a r c o tic a g o nis t s Se e O pioid a g o nis t s. Natamycin 414 Nateglinide 342–345 Natural antineoplastic drugs 395–397 Nedocromil 182 Nefazodone 327–329 Negative chronotropic effect 120 Negative dromotropic effect 120 Nelfinavir 272–275 Neomycin 238–240 417 418 Neostigmine 24–27 Neuromuscular blocking drugs 55–59 motor end plate and 56 safe use of 57 Nevirapine 270–271 New drug development 5–6 Niacin 150–151 Nicardipine 138–140 Nicotinic acid 150–151 Nifedipine 138–140 Nilutamide 391–392 Nitrates 135–136 Nitrofurantoin 259–260 Nitrogen mustards 372–374 Nitroglycerin 135–136 Nitroprusside 142–143 Nitrosoureas 375–376 Nitrous oxide 109–110 Nizatidine 199 200 201 Nonbenzodiazepines-nonbarbiturates 3 1 7 – 3 1 8 N o n c a t e c h ola min e s 3 7 – 3 9 N o n d e p ola rizin g blo c kin g d r u g s 5 6 – 5 8 N o n - n u cle o sid e r e v e r s e t r a n s c rip t a s e in hibit o r s 2 7 0 – 2 7 1 N o n o pioid a n alg e sic s 9 3 – 1 0 1 N o n s ele c tiv e d r u g 1 3 N o n s t e r oid al a n ti-in fla m m a t o r y d r u g s 9 8 – 1 0 0 ris k s o f u sin g 9 8 N o r e pin e p h rin e 3 3 – 3 7 N o r e pin e p h rin e d e ple t o r s 1 4 1 – 1 4 2 N o r flo x a cin 2 5 6 – 2 5 7 4 1 4 N o r t rip t ylin e 3 2 2 – 3 2 5 N u cle o sid e a n alo g u e r e v e r s e t r a n s c rip t a s e in hibit o r s 2 6 6 – 2 7 0 N u cle o sid e s , s y n t h e tic 2 6 0 – 2 6 3 N u cle o tid e a n alo g u e r e v e r s e t r a n s c rip t a s e in hibit o r s 2 7 1 – 2 7 2 N y s t a tin 2 8 0 – 2 8 2 4 1 8 ← ↑ →
Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! 3rd Edition © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ← ↑ → O Obesity drugs 207–208 Ofloxacin 256–257 277 414 Olanzapine 331–332 Olmesartan 146–147 Olopatadine 414 Omalizumab 186–187 Omeprazole 201–202 Ondansetron 216–219 Onset of action 11 Ophthalmic drugs 414–416 Opioid agonists 101 102–105 pain control and 104 safe use of 102 Opioid antagonists 101 107–108 Opioid-related drugs as antidiarrheals 208–209 Oral anticoagulants 164–166 Oral antidiabetic drugs 342–345 Oral route of administration 5 8 Orlistat 207–208 Orphenadrine 50–52 Osmotic agents 416 Osmotic diuretics 228 Otic drugs 417 Overdose 18 Oxacillin 241–243 Oxaliplatin 378–379 Oxaprozin 98–100 Oxazepam 312–313 314 315 Oxcarbazepine 80–81 Oxiconazole 281 418 Oxybutynin 27–32 230–231 Oxycodone 102–105 Oxymorphone 102–105 Oxytocin 350–352 ← ↑ →
C l i n i c a l P h a r m a c o l o g y M a d e I n c r e d i b l y E a s y ! 3 r d E d i t i o n © 2 0 0 9 Lip pin c o t t Willia m s & Wilkin s ← ↑ → PPa clit a x el 4 1 0 – 4 1 1 P ain m e dic a tio n s 9 3 – 1 1 5 P alip e rid o n e 3 3 1 – 3 3 2 P allia tiv e t h e r a p y 1 5 P a n c r e a tic e n z y m e s 2 0 6 P a n c r e a tin 2 0 6 P a n c r elip a s e 2 0 6 P a n c u r o niu m 5 6 – 5 8 P a n t o p r a z ole 2 0 1 – 2 0 2 P a r a s y m p a t h oly tic d r u g s 6 0 – 6 2 P a r a s y m p a t h o mim e tic d r u g s Se e C h olin e r gic d r u g s. Paromomycin 238–240 Paroxetine 320–322 Partial agonists 44 Passive transport 7 Pathogen resistance, preventing 237–238 Patient sensitivity’related reactions 18–19 Patient’s response to drug, factors that affect 15 Peak concentration 11–12 Pediculicides 420 Pegaspargase 404 Penbutolol 43–47 Penciclovir 418 Penicillin-binding proteins 241–242 Penicillins 241–243 421 Pentazocine 105–107 Pentobarbital 316–317 Pentostatin 383–384 Peptic ulcer drugs 195–203 Peripheral vascular resistance 136 Permethrin 420 Perphenazine 216–219 333–336 Pharmacodynamics 12–13 14 Pharmacokinetics 7–12 Pharmacologic class 2 Pharmacotherapeutics 14–15 Phenazopyridine hydrochloride 100–101 Phenelzine 325–327 Phenobarbital 70–72 316–317 Phenothiazines 216–219 Phenoxybenzamine 40–43 Phentermine 207–208 Phentolamine 40–43 141–142 Phenylephrine 37–39 191–193 415 Phenyltriazines 79–80 Phenytoin 69–70 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 122–123 Physostigmine 24–27 Pilocarpine 21–24 415 Pimozide 333–336 Pindolol 43–47 Pinocytosis 7 Pioglitazone 342–345 Pirbuterol 37–39 176–177 Piroxicam 98–100 Pituitary drugs 348–352 Plants as drug sources 3 Podophyllotoxins 396–397 Polycarbophil 212–213 Polyenes 280–283 Polyethylene glycol 211–212 Polymyxin B sulfate 417 Polythiazide 224–225 Polyvinyl alcohol 415 Positive inotropic effect 119–120 Posterior pituitary drugs 350–352 Potassium replacement 360–361 Potassium-sparing diuretics 227–228 Potentiation 16 Pramipexole 62–66 Pramoxine 114–115