Finalised DRP Presentation BW

20/2/2019

ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Antenna Research Centre, 1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA
40450 Shah Alam
Selangor Malaysia

+603-55448239

[email protected]

Antenna_Research_Centre_UiTM

ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Design of Wearable Electro-Textile Antenna
Using Circular Polarised With Aperture-Coupled
Stacked Technology for Global Positioning
System (GPS) Application

PROGRAMME : EE950
(SEM 3/PART TIME)
ANIS FARIZA MD PAZIL
2017375011
SUPERVISOR : PROF DR MOHD TARMIZI BIN ALI (UiTM, Shah Alam)
CO-SUPERVISOR : DR NURULAZLINA BINTI RAMLI (SEGi University)

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PRESENTATION OUTLINE:

Background of Study

Problem Statement

Research Objectives

Scope and Limitation of Studies

Significance of Study

Literature Review

Research Methodology

Gantt Chart 3

ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

BACKGROUND OF STUDIES Part 1

Body An idea of integrating
Centric wireless electronic system to
Comm.
Body Area be a part of the clothing

Network

Wearable
Antenna

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

BACKGROUND OF STUDIES Part 2

Microstrip Antenna

Robust

Thin Low
Maintenance

Lightweight WEARABLE Inexpensive
ANTENNA

TEXTILE ANTENNA Flexible & Comfortable

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

BACKGROUND OF STUDIES : Current Issue

Mechanical
Deformation
(Crumple, Elongation,

Bending)

Flexible and Conform
to Body-Worn

Textile Antenna
Performance

Bandwidth
Gain
Radiation Pattern

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• In wearable system, it is very difficult to keep the antenna flat all the time like
the conventional microstrip antenna especially when the antenna is made of
textile material. This is due to the wearable antenna that is bent frequently due
to body movement which caused the mechanical deformation to the structure
of textile antenna and subsequently affect the antenna performance efficiency.

• Moreover, due to antenna attachment to the body, its is imperative to have a
low backward radiation to the human body; considering the safety issue in its
operating environment.

• The wearable textile with GPS antenna is to overcome the limitation of
conventional GPS system which that does not offer a low-profile platform and
integrable antenna into the clothing which is crucial in high-risk operating
environment.

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To design and optimize the Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) wearable

RO1 electro-textile antenna using aperture- coupled with stack technology of

selected substrate operating at 1.575 GHz.

RO2 To evaluate the electro-textile antenna with different bending
conditions based on the optimised design for antenna performance

RO3 To integrate and analyse the wearable electro-textile antenna with
Global Positioning System (GPS) module.

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY

Software Hardware
Antenna design and simulation using
CST for the frequency ranging from 1 • Fabrication of the proposed antenna
GHz to 2 GHz. • Validation of measurement for the

proposed antenna
• Integration with GPS module

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

This research is a potential way for facilitating many high-end applications such
as health monitoring of patients, fire-fighting, rescue work, and space and
military personal communications that need massive body movements but at the
same time does not compromise the antenna performance and quality.
The presented research could be used as a stepping stones towards unobtrusive
and flexibility of fully textile antenna for wearable applications which can be
further integrated into the wide range of smart textile systems that used sensors
in its application.

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

LITERATURE REVIEW

Wearable Electro-Textile
Antenna

Electro-Textile Feeding Mechanical Polarisation
> Dielectric Techniques Deformation > GPS Application
> Body worn
> Radiating Patch > Bending
Analysis

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ELECTRO- TEXTILE

Textile
Antenna

• Used as radiating Layers of • Used as
patch and/or Antenna dielectric
ground plane Material substrate

• Made by Conductive Non- • Ex: Jeans,
combination of Textile @ Conductive Cotton, Polyester,
conductive and Electro- Fleece, Felt,
non-conductive textile Cordura
thread Textile
• Dielectric
• Ex: Yarn twisted permittivity and
with copper its thickness are
thread important
parameters
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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

RELATED WORKS : Electro-textile antenna

Reference Findings Conclusion

M.N Amin Nordin, N.H.A Rahman, M.T. Ali, A.A • Frequency has been slightly shifted from • To improve the electro-
Shahrol Ahmad Shah, M.R Ahmad, Full-Wave 1.575 GHz. textile used using satin
Electromagnetic Simulation on Antenna on • Must be due to the structure of copper weaving techniques that
Electro-Textile and Accurate Measurement of thread that used plain weaving pattern with compose of 80% copper
Dielectric Properties Through Precise composition of 36% Copper and 64% thread and 20% of
Adjustable Jigs, Proceedings of 2017 Asia Pacific Polyester polyester yarn.
Microwave Conference.

N.I.Zaidi , M.T.Ali , N.H.A.Rahman, M.S.Amin • Copper covered yarn shows a superior • Copper covered yarn will
Nordin , A.A.Sharatol Ahmad Shah , M.F.Yahya, performance in term of resonant frequency, be used in this research
Comparison of Copper Covered and Copper return loss (S11), and radiation pattern as due to its good
Core Sheath Yarn for the Fabrication of Textile compared to copper core sheath yarn. conductivity which
Antenna, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF • This paper shows that the structure of copper closely resembles PEC
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS covered yarn has more conducting elements although not perfect.
RESEARCH, 2018 which is good for conductive fabric antenna.
Based on this experiment, assumption can be
made that copper covered yarn can closely
resemble PEC but not as perfect as PEC.

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNORL.OSGaI lMvAaRdAo et. al (2012) [18]

Salonen P., Rahmat-samii Y ., Schafhth GPS (1.5 GHz) Cordura 0.5 Between Copper tape Good
M., Kivikoski M. Effect of Textile ISM (2.4 GHz) Fleece 1.1 to 1.7
Materials on Wearable Antenna Fabric
Performance: A Case Study of GPS and 2.56 1.25 Flectron Acceptable to
Antenna. Proceedings of IEEE Antennas GPS (1.5 GHz) Good
and Propagation Society International
Symposium; Monterey, CA, USA. 20– 25 14
June 2004; pp. 459–462

5. Hertleer C., Rogier H., Member S.,
Vallozzi L., Langenhove L.V . A Textile
Antenna for Off-Body Communication
Integrated into Protective Clothing for
Firefighters. IEEE Trans. Adv. Pack.
2009;57:919–925.
12. Hertleer C., Rogier H., Vallozzi L.,
Declercq F. A Textile Antennas Based on
High-Performance Fabrics. Proceedings
of 2nd European Conference on
Antennas and Propagation; Edinburgh,
UK. 11– 16 November 2007; pp. 1–5.

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Comparison Types of Microstrip Feeding Techniques
(S. Bisht et al, 2014 [19])

Characteristic Microstrip line Feed Coaxial Feed Proximity Coupled Aperture Coupled
More More Feed Feed
Spurious feed Less
radiation Minimum
Reliability due to Good
Wearable State Better Poor due to soldering Good
Ease of fabrication Alignment Required
Easy Soldering and drilling Alignment Required
Impedance Matching needed Easy
Bandwidth Easy Easy Easy 21%
Backward Radiation 2% to 5% 2 to 5% 13% Lower
High Low
Low

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Wearable Textile Antenna Mechanical Deformation

Body Mechanical Body
Movement Deformation Curvature

Elongation Bending Crumpling

In E-Plane In H-Plane

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

RELATED WORKS :Mechanical Deformation

Reference Contribution Conclusion

A. Mersani, L. Othman, J.M Rivero, • Textile antenna bending has a better matching in the • Textile antenna design has
Effect of Bending on the H-plane than in the E-plane where a frequency shift of to be optimised not to be
Characteristics of a Coplanar Textile about 1 GHz. bent in E-plane and must
Antenna, 2018 18th Mediterranean • To reduce the impact of antenna performance, the be placed on the less
Microwave Symposium. antenna must not be bent in the E-plane but to be curvature body position.
placed on body structure that has less curvature such
as on the chest or the upper arm.

N. A. Elias, N. A. Samsuri, M. K. A. • The bending of antenna has increased the averagely • The averaged SAR has
Rahim and N. Othman, The effects SAR in the arm by 92.3% as compared the flat notably decrease when the
of human body and bending on condition. It was due to the increased of proximity distance between the
dipole textile antenna between antenna and the exposed region and hence, antenna and the arm is
performance and SAR, Conference: increase the energy absorbed by the body tissue. increased for all antenna
Microwave Conference Proceedings curvature tested.
(APMC), 2012 Asia-Pacific
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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Antenna Polarisation

Polarisation

Linearly Circularly Elliptical
Polarised (CP)

Satellite Communication

Left-Hand CP Right-Hand CP

Global Positioning System (GPS)

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

*detailed explanation is on the next page

(detailed explanation is on the next page)

ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Stage •Literature Review and Preliminary Studies
1

Stage •Design, simulation and optimization of circular polarised antenna using
2 aperture coupled for selected substrate and electro-textile

Stage •Design, simulation and optimization of circular polarised antenna using
3 aperture coupled with stacked technology

Stage •Fabrication of circular polarised electro-textile antenna using aperture
4 coupled with stacked technology

Stage •Measurement and Validation of bending analysis at flat, free space and
5 on-body

Stage •Field test for GPS application
6

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

GANTT CHART

Proposed Antenna DesignANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Substrate Radiating Patch of Electro-Textile
Patch
Cross
Slot

Ground Plane Dielectric permittivity : 3.02 x 104
Feed line Thickness: 0.36 mm
Composition: 80% copper thread & 20%
Top View polyester yarn for every 1 meter
Weaving: Techniques: Satin 5

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PRELIMINARY STUDIES

Operating Frequency 1.575 GHz
Substrate Polycotton
Thickness of Substrate
Dielectric Properties 0.3 mm
Loss Tangent 2.47
Radiating Patch 0.25
Shape of Antenna
Copper
Rectangular

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RESULT & ANALYSISANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

From this preliminary design result, it can be concluded that:
• The line impedance has successfully been designed at 50 ohm
• The resonant frequency has been shifted to higher range which is 1.5901 GHz (can be further improved by

optimising the Lp parameter) and -10.58 dB (can be further improve by optimising the Wp of the antenna)
• The gain of the magnitude is -10.3 dB and therefor needs major optimisation on the antenna parameter

such choice of dielectric substrate with relevant thickness.

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ANTENNA RESEARCH CENTRE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

Thank You
Q&A

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