World History Honors 2014-2015 Unit 4A Test – Ch. 16 and ...

World History Honors 2014-2015
Unit 4A Test – Ch. 16 and 17-1 and 17-2

Absolutism and Enlightenment

• Be able to describe the term Absolutism

• Describes the government of Spain under the rule of Philip II (r. 1556-1598)

• Describe the effects of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 on England’s government.

• Explain the type of government the Russian Empire had under the rule of Peter the Great (r. 1682 – 1725)

• Be familiar with the tools used by Philip II in creating a powerful Spanish state.

• Know how the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th century contribute to the Enlightenment

• Know how the Enlightenment brought together ideas of both the Renaissance and the Reformation

Document A:
The royal power is absolute . . . The prince need render account of his acts to no one . . . Without this absolute authority [he] could
neither do good nor repress evil. It is necessary that his power be such that no one can hope to escape him . . . The prince . . . is not
regarded as a private person: he is a public personage, all the state is in him; the will of all the people is included in his. As all
perfection and all strength are united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in the person of the prince.

Source: Bishop Jacques Benigne Bossuet, “Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture,” 1679

Document B:
Whereas the late King James II . . . did endeavor to subvert [to destroy, overthrow or undermine] and extirpate [to eliminate] the
Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom . . . and whereas the said late King James II having abdicated the
government, and the throne being vacant… the said lords being now assembled in a full and free representative body of this
nation…do in the first place…. Declare: )1_ That the pretended power of suspending of laws or the execution of laws by regal
authority without consent of Parliament is illegal…

Source: English Bill of Rights, 1689
• Be familiar with, and know the impact and significance of the above two documents.

• Be familiar with how an Enlightenment thinker in Europe would view absolutism

• Know how the Enlightenment impacted the lives of everyday people

• Describe how the philosophes of the seventeenth century hoped to influence France.

• Know why writers like Montesquieu and Voltaire disguised their Enlightenment ideas in works of fiction.

• Know the main belief of each of the following philosophes
o Voltaire –
o John Locke –
o Thomas Hobbes –
o Rousseau –
o Mary Wollstonecraft
o Adam Smith

I possess a dignity and power founded on ignorance; I walk on the heads of the men who lie at my feet; if they should rise and look me
in the face, I am lost; I must bind them to the ground, therefore, with iron chains. Thus have reasoned the men whom centuries of
bigotry have made them powerful. They have other powerful men beneath them, and these have still others, who all grow rich with the
spoils of the poor, grow fat on their blood, and laugh at their stupidity. They all hate tolerance, as . . . tyrants dread the word liberty.

Source: Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary 1764.
SOAPSTONE the above article.

• Know the difference in the beliefs of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.

• Be familiar with Baron de Montesquieu’s belief on the best way to organize a government so that it is able to protect liberty
and avoid abuse of power

A strange consequence that necessarily follows from the use of torture is that the innocent person is placed in a condition worse than
that of the guilty, for if both are tortured, the circumstances are all against the former. Either he confesses the crime and is
condemned, or he is declared innocent and has suffered a punishment he did not deserve.

Source: On Crimes and Punishments by Cesare Beccaria, 1764.
• What is being promoted in the above article

Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him of the gift of reason? . . . in this style argue tyrants of very
denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason, yet always assert that they usurp
[take by power] its throne only to be useful. Do you not act a similar part when you force all women, by denying them civil and
political rights, to remain immured [confined] in their families groping in the dark?

Source: A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
• Be familiar with the main idea of the above article and who was the most likely author.
• Be familiar with the establishment that played a significant role in helping spread the ideas of the Enlightenment

• Be familiar with the purpose of the above book.
“Whenever, therefore, the legislative [power] shall transgress this fundamental rule of society [which is the preservation of property],
and either by ambition, fear, folly, or corruption, endeavor to grasp themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power
over the lives, liberties, and estates of the people, by this breath of trust they forfeit the power the people had put into their hands . . .
and it devolves [passes] to the people; who have a right to resume their original liberty, and by the establishment of a new legislative,
provide for their own safety and security. . . .”

Source: Excerpt from John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, 1690
• Be familiar with effect that the above words had on governments of the Western world.


 
• Know
 which
 Enlightenment
 writer
 was
 a
 proponent
 of
 the
 above
 idea
 


 

 

 
• Know
 what
 is
 being
 shown
 in
 the
 image
 above


 

1643
 -­‐
 1715
 

 

• Know
 the
 event
 that
 is
 depicted
 in
 the
 above
 map.
 

 

1682
 –
 1725
 

 

• Be
 familiar
 with
 the
 event
 being
 depicted
 in
 the
 above
 map.
 
 

 

 

1685 – 1800’s
1. Be
 familiar
 with
 the
 event
 being
 depicted
 in
 the
 above
 map.
 
 

1701
 –
 1795
 

 

• Be
 familiar
 with
 the
 event
 being
 depicted
 in
 the
 above
 map.
 
 

 

 

 

•
 
 Be
 able
 to
 compare
 the
 policies
 of
 Philip
 II
 of
 Spain
 with
 the
 policies
 of
 Louis
 XIV
 of
 France
 
.
 


 

 

• Be
 familiar
 with
 the
 goals
 of
 absolutist
 rulers
 of
 the
 17th
 century.
 
 
 

 

 
 

 

 

 

•
 
 Be
 familiar
 with
 Spain’s
 economic
 problems
 in
 the
 1600s.
 
 

 

 

 

 

•
 
 Be
 familiar
 with
 how
 Jean-­‐Baptiste
 Colbert
 helped
 Louis
 XIV
 strengthen
 France.
 

 

 

 

 

 

•
 
 Be
 familiar
 with
 the
 English
 Bill
 of
 Rights,
 1689.
 
 

 


 

 

 

•
 
 Know
 some
 of
 the
 accomplishments
 of
 Peter
 the
 Great.
 

 

 

 


 

 

•
 
 Know
 the
 consequence
 of
 the
 event
 shown
 above.
 
 

 

 


 
•
 
 Know
 what
 Joseph
 II,
 Catherine
 II
 (a/k/a
 Catherine
 the
 Great)
 and
 Frederick
 II
 (a/k/a
 Frederick
 the
 Great)
 all
 have
 in
 common.
 


 

 

•
 
 Catherine
 the
 Great
 and
 Diderot
 are
 most
 likely