Space A Visual

INDEX

orbit 171 EVA, see space walks Local Group 11, 54–55 Gemini telescopes, Hawaii 19 INDEX
position 10, 120, 121, 141 evolution 177 Magellanic Clouds 11, Genesis probe 243
rotation 15, 181 exoplanets 119, 226, 227 52–53 geysers 145
satellite images 79, 80–81, explosions 85 Milky Way 11, 50–51 Giotto spacecraft 156, 242
87 extinctions 177 radio galaxies 60 glaciers 173
seasons 170–171 redshifts 39 Glenn, John 94
shape 14 F satellite galaxies 52, 55 globular clusters 224–225,
structure 166 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Seyfert galaxies 60, 61
surface 172–173 spiral 22, 23, 31, 47, 230
tilt 170, 171 Telescope 33 48–49, 50, 55, 61 globules 220
earthquakes 172, 173 fireballs 159 types 47 Goddard, Robert 92
eclipses 14, 15, 182–183, Fizeau, Armand 240 Galilean moons 138, 139 GONG observatories 34
200, 201 Flame Nebula 236 Galileo Galilei 17, 50, 138, GPS 79
ecliptic 120, 235 forces, fundamental 43 142, 184, 208, 240 gravity 9, 34, 43, 66
Egg Nebula 219 Foucault, Jean 240 Galle, Johann 121, 151, 240
electromagnetic radiation gamma rays 20, 33, 198, 229 black holes 230
26–27 G bursts (GRBs) 26, 27 dark matter 62
electromagnetic spectrum Gagarin, Yuri 66, 72, 93, Ganymede 139 galaxies 47, 52, 58, 60
20–21 gas 31, 58, 59 moons 138, 180
electromagnetism 43 104, 241 gas and dust 10, 51, 60, 220, planets 122, 140, 144
elements 42 Galatea 151 221, 227 star clusters 223
Enceladus 145 galaxies 28, 44–61, 241 galaxy formation 46–47 Great Red Spot 120, 136
Endurance Crater, Mars 131 gas galaxies 45 Greeks 15, 240
engines 67, 70, 88, 113 active 60–61 gas giants 118, 121, 150
Eris 121, 153 clusters 58, 63 H
Eros 134, 157, 243 colliding 43, 46, 54, 55, Hale-Bopp comet 154
erosion 173 58–59, 60, 63 Hale Telescope 18, 19
Eskimo Nebula 219 dwarf 44, 53, 55, 224 Halley, Edmund 155
Eta Carinae 218 elliptical 47 Halley’s comet 83, 121, 155,
Europa 139, 163 formation 43, 46–47
European Extremely Large gas galaxies 45 156, 240, 242
Telescope 19 irregular 47, 52 Haumea 121, 153
European Space Agency 73, heliosphere 141, 221
74–75, 86, 88, 193 helium 41, 43, 47, 136, 142,

198, 213, 221
Helix Nebula 23
Herschel, William 23, 120,

148, 149, 240
Herschel Telescope 33
Hinode spacecraft 209
Hipparchus 15

249

INDEX International Space Station habitable zone 167, 227
66, 85, 102–103, origins of 176
106–107, 110, 243 in solar system 130,
living in 98–99 162–163
science experiments light 20–21, 42
108–109 speed of 20, 38, 115
supply ships 107, 113, 115 light echo 216–217
light-years 11, 38
interstellar space 141, 220–221 LIGO observatory 34
Io 138 Lippershey, Hans 17
ion drive 88 Little Ice Age 206
iron 122, 128, 161, 166, 228 Local Group 11, 54–55
Lowell, Percival 162
J Luna probes 82, 186, 187,
James Webb Space Telescope 188, 241
lunar eclipses 14, 15, 182–183
33 Lunar Prospector 192
Jansky, Karl 24 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
Japan 86, 87, 89, 107, 192 77, 192
Jiuquan, China 73 lunar rovers 187, 188, 193
Jupiter 14, 25, 136–139, 235 Lunokhod 1 242

clouds 136, 137, 162 M
comet impacts 155 Maat Mons, Venus 126
exploration 83, 137, 140 Magellan, Ferdinand 53
formation of 118 Magellan spacecraft 127
Great Red Spot 120, 136 Magellanic Clouds 11, 52–53,
moons 138–139, 163
rings 137 54, 239
rotation 137 Magellanic Stream 53
solar system 120, 121 magnetars 229
Makemake 121, 153
Hiten spacecraft 192 hydrogen 41, 43, 47, 118, K Manned Maneuvering Unit
Hoag’s Object 47 197, 198, 218, 220, 221 Keck Telescopes, Hawaii 19,
Hoba meteorite 160 97
Horsehead Nebula 215 hydrothermal vents 163, 177 148 Mariner probes 82, 83, 123,
Hubble, Edwin 28, 241 Hyperion 144 Kennedy Space Center 71, 72
Hubble Space Telescope Kepler, Johannes 15 130, 241
I Korolev, Sergei 93 Mars 14, 120, 128–133, 235
28–29, 33, 45, 97, 148, Iapetus 144 Kourou, French Guiana 73,
243 ice 121, 123, 139, 145, 157, exploration 82, 114, 128,
Huygens, Christiaan 144, 240 74–75 129, 130–131, 162,
Huygens-Cassini probe 137, 162, 163, 166 Kuiper Belt 153 193, 242
144, 145, 146 ice caps, Mars 128, 131 Kukulcan, Pyramid of 15 formation of 119
Hyakutake comet 155 ice giants 148 life 162, 163
Hydra 153, 238 Ida 135 L meteors/meteorites
India 86, 193 Lagoon Nebula 214, 238 159, 161
250 infrared light 21, 22–23 Laika (space dog) 100 moons 128
Large Binocular Telescope 19 Mars Reconnaissance
observatories 32, 33, 35 Large Hadron Collider 43 spacecraft 89, 128,
INTEGRAL space observatory Large Magellanic Cloud 11, 132–133, 62
matter and antimatter 40, 41
27 52–53, 54, 219 Mauna Kea, Hawaii 18, 19
Lemaitre, Georges 240 Maunder, Edward Walter 207
Leonid meteor shower 159 Maxwell Montes, Venus 124,
Leonov, Alexei 96, 242 127
Le Verrier, Urbain 151 McMath Pierce Solar
life 24, 109, 145 Telescope 208
McNaught comet 155
Earth 166, 167, 169,
176–177
exoplanets 226

INDEX

Mercury 120, 122–123, 235 N Orion Nebula 23, 53, Project Daedalus 89 INDEX
exploration 83, 123 NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft 215, 221, 226, 236 Project Orion 89
formation of 119 Proteus 151
orbit 120, 123 157, 243 oxygen 42, 163, pulsars 33, 40, 226, 229
transits of 123 nebulas 30, 31, 45, 216, 223 166, 169, 174
Q
MERLIN radio telescope 25 planetary 197, 218, 219 ozone 174, 207 quasars 60, 61
Meteor Crater, Arizona 160 solar 118
meteorites 134, 160–161, star birth 212, 214, 215 P R
Neptune 121, 150–151 pancake lava domes 125 radiation 43, 108, 174, 221,
162, 174 discovery 121, 151, 240 particles 40, 41, 43, 62
meteoroids 159, 160 exploration 10, 140, 150 Pele volcano, Io 138 226, 229
meteors 123, 158–159, 176 formation of 118 permafrost 128 electromagnetic 26–27
methane 136, 145, 148, 150, moons and rings 151, 242 Phobos 82, 128 radio galaxies 60
Nereid 151 Phoebe 144 radio waves 21, 24–25, 82
152, 163 neutrinos 35 photography 233, 240 red dwarfs 225
Mice, The 59 neutron stars 20, 55, 212, photosphere 196, 199, 200 red giants 197, 212, 213, 218
microwaves 21, 35 213, 219, 228 phytoplankton 177 Red Rectangle Nebula 218
Milky Way 11, 44, 50–51, 52, Newton, Sir Isaac 17, 66 Piazzi, Giuseppe 134, 240 red supergiants 213, 216, 218
nitrogen 152, 167, 174 Pinwheel Galaxy 55 redshift 39
53, 141, 238 Nix 153 Pioneer probes 83, 127, 140 Retina Nebula 31
center 50, 51, 56–57, 231, North Star 223, 235, 237 Pistol Star 56 Riccioli, Giovanni 222
238 Northern Cross 236 planetary nebulas 197, 218, rings, planetary 137, 142,
Mir Space Station 101, 105, novas 228 148, 151
242 nuclear reactions 89, 196, 219 rivers 173, 175
Miranda 149 197, 198, 214, 228 planetesimals 118 robotic arms 70, 97, 107
monkeys 92, 100, 101 planets 8, 10, 235 rockets 9, 66–69, 70, 71, 140
Moon 10, 27, 170, 178–193 O launch sites 72, 73
bases 163, 192, 193 Oberon 149 dwarf 10, 120, 121, 134, launching 74–75
distance from Earth 10, observatories 16–19 152 pioneers 92, 93, 240, 241
119, 189 Earth-like 227 rocky planets 119, 120
eclipses 14, 15, 182–183 solar 27, 196, 208, 209 exoplanets 119, 226, 227 Rosetta spacecraft 157
exploration 82, 86, 87, 88, space 27, 28–29, 32–33, formation of 118–119, Rosse, Lord 45
93, 192–193 79, 227 135, 226, 227 Russia 73, 86, 93, 193
formation 119 unusual 34–35 gas giants 118, 121
manned missions 66, oceans orbits 14, 15, 120, 121, S
186–191 Earth 167, 172, 173, 175, 151, 152 Sagittarius 238
meteor impacts 159 176, 177 order of 121 Salyut space stations 104, 242
orbit 15, 181 planet 134, 139, 163 rocky 119, 120 San Andreas fault 173
phases of 181 Odyssey platform 73 rotations 15, 121 satellite navigation 79
size 10 Olympus Mons, Mars 129 solar system 120–121 satellites 29, 66, 70, 76–81, 84
structure 181 Omega Centauri 224, 225 terraforming 163
surface 184–185, 189 Oort Cloud 155 tilt 171 debris 85
moons 10, 82, 120 Opportunity rover 131, 161 plants in space 109, 115 launches 74–75, 86, 87
asteroid 135 orbits plates, Earth’s 172, 173 recovery 97
Galilean 138, 139 asteroids 134 Pleiades 215, 223, 237
Jupiter 138–139, 163 Earth 84, 85, 171 Plesetsk, Russia 73
life on 163 eccentric 152 Pluto 121, 152–153
Martian 128 moons 15, 144 discovery 120
Neptune 151 planets 14, 15, 120, 121, moons 152, 153
Pluto 152, 153 148, 151, 152 orbit 15, 120, 152
Saturn 144–145 satellites 79
shepherd 149, 151 Orion 23, 233, 236
Uranus 149
mountains 124, 127, 131,
145, 172, 184

251

INDEX Saturn 121, 142–147, 235 solar system 10, 15, 120–121 satellites 76–81 names 236
exploration 89,140, 145 birth of 118–119 space shuttle 70–71, neutron 55
formation of 118 distant 226–227 242, 243 temperature 212
hot spot 22 life 162–163 super 88–89 types 213
moons 140, 144–145, movement 221 spaceplanes 112 voyages to 114–115
163 SpaceShipOne/Two 110, stellar disks 119
rings 146–147, 240 solar wind 119, 136, 140, 111, 243 stellar winds 51, 53, 221
141, 143, 201, 204, 209 space walks 87, 95, 96–97, Stephan’s Quintet 59
Saturn V rocket 66, 72, 93 102–103 Stonehenge 240
Schwarzchild, Karl 241 Sombrero Galaxy 48–49 spectroscopy 21 storms 22, 129, 136, 143,
scientific experiments 106, South Pole Telescope 34 spiders’ webs 101 150, 175
Southern Cross 239 spiral galaxies 22, 23, 31, 47, solar 202–203
108–109, 189 Soyuz rocket 66, 67, 68–69 48–49, 50, 55, 61 Sun 21, 50, 194–203, 212
seasons 15, 128, 170–171 space 8–9, 40, 41 Spitzer, Lyman 29 atmosphere 200–201
Seven Sisters, see Pleiades space colonies 163 Spitzer Infrared Observatory birth and death 197
Seyfert galaxies 60, 61 space debris 84–85 23, 32, 33, 51, 52 eclipses 182–183, 200, 201
shepherd moons 149, 151 space elevator 112 Sputnik 66, 72, 76, 100, 109, exploration 34, 82, 196,
Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet 155 space hotels 111 241 201, 208–209
shooting stars 158–159 space nations 86–87, 193 star catalogs 234 formation 118
Sirius (Dog Star) 222, 239 space observatories 23, 27, star charts/maps 15, 233, 236, observing 26, 27, 233
Skylab space station 101, 105 237, 239 quakes 203
Small Magellanic Cloud 11, 32–33 Stardust spacecraft 156, 243 rotation 199
space pioneers 92–93 stargazing 232–239 solar cycle 206–207
52–53, 54 space probes 66, 82–83, 127 stars 8, 11, 12–13, 210–229 solar storms 201–203, 207
SMART-1 orbiter 88, 193 space shuttle 9, 28, 70–71, 85 binary 55, 56, 218, 222, solar system 10, 15,
SNO observatory 35 space sickness 108 228 120–121, 208
SOFIA observatory 35 space stations 70, 98–99, birth 43, 51, 53, 214–215, structure 196, 198–199
SOHO spacecraft 156, 221 sunspots 27, 196, 201, 202,
104–107 clusters 31, 215, 222, 223, 206, 207, 208
196, 203 space suits 8, 97, 100 224–225 supergiants 213, 218
Solar Dynamics Observatory space telescopes 23, 28–29, death 212, 218–219, 228 supernovas 42, 118, 212, 218,
extreme 228–229 219, 228, 230, 241
27 32–33 life of 212 remnants 33, 51, 52, 221
solar eclipse 15, 182, 183, space tethers 113 multiple 222–223
space tourism 110–111, 243
200, 201 spacecraft 9, 64–89
solar flares 27, 201, 202, 203
solar power 29, 76, 77, launch sites 71, 72–73
probes 82–83
106, 113 rockets 66–67
solar sails 89

252

INDEX

T United States 72, 86, 93 Viking probe 129, INDEX
Tagish Lake Meteorite 161 universe 11, 14, 38–39 130, 162, 242
Tarantula Nebula 53 X
tardigrades 101 birth of 40–43, 240 VLBA radio X-rays 20, 27, 51, 55, 58, 198
Taurus 237 expanding 28, 38, 40, 41 telescope 25
telescopes 16–19, 34, 38, 45, shape of 39 observatories 32, 33
Uranus 121, 148–149 volcanoes 125,
232, 240 discovery 120, 148, 240 126, 129, 138, Y
infrared 22–23 exploration 140 172, 177 year 120, 121
radio 24–25 formation of 118 Yerkes Observatory,
reflecting 17 moons 149 von Braun, Wernher 93
refracting 16–17 seasons 171 Voskhod 2 242 Wisconsin 16
solar 26, 208, 209 Voyager spacecraft 10,
space 23, 28–29, 32–33 V Z
Tempel 1 comet 157 vacuum 9 140–141, 148, zodiac 235
terraforming 163 Valles Marineris, Mars 129, 150, 151
Thirty Meter Telescope 19
tides 180, 181 130 W
time 38, 39, 40, 41 Vanguard 1 satellite 77 water 86, 129, 130, 131, 139,
Titan 140, 144, 145, 163 Vega probes 83
Tito, Dennis 111 Veil Nebula 221 227
toilets, space 98 Venera spacecraft 125 Earth 166, 167, 169
Toltecs 15 Venus 120, 121, 124–127, water cycle 175
Tombaugh, Clyde 120 weather 174, 175
Trapezium 221 235, 241 weather satellites 78, 79
Triangulum Galaxy 54, 55 exploration 83, 124, 125, weightlessness 9, 95, 99, 101,
Trifid Nebula 214, 238 127 108, 109
Triton 151 formation of 119 Whirlpool Galaxy 45
troposphere 174, 175 rotation 125 White, Edward 96
Tsiokovsky, Konstantin 92, surface 126–127 white dwarfs 197, 212, 213,
240 Venus Express 125, 127 218, 225, 228, 241
Verne, Jules 92 Wild 2 comet 156
U Very Large Array, New Mexico wind 173, 175
ultraviolet 20, 26, 27, 207 25 interstellar 141
Ulysses spacecraft 201 Very Large Telescope Array, planets 124, 129, 143,
Chile 19 148, 150
Vesta 134 Witch Head Nebula 30
Wolf-Rayet stars 213

253

Acknowledgments

INDEX The publisher would like to thank the following Bettmann (cra); NASA/ Science Faction (ca); ESA: ECF (crb). Max
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(br); A. Caulet St-ECF, ESA (cb); ESA, and John Sanford. 19 Corbis: Ed Darack/ Science X-Ray Observatory: NASA/ CXC/ SAO (cra); Danny LaCrue (cra). NASA: ESA, and the
H. Richer (University of British Columbia) (tc); Faction (tr); Roger Ressmeyer (crb). European X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/STScI; Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (tr).
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254

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

of Maryland/A.S. Wilson et al.; Optical: Pal.Obs. ASI-Star City (crb). NASA: (cl) (br) (clb); Bill NASA: HiRISE/ JPL/ University of Arizona. Arizona (fcr). Science Photo Library: Christian INDEX
DSS; IR: NASA/JPL-Caltech; VLA: NRAO/ Ingalls (tl). Science Photo Library: NASA (cr). 134 Alamy Images: Mary Evans Picture Library Darkin (b); NASA (cl); T. Stevens & P. Mckinley,
AUI/NSF (bl). HubbleSite: John Hutchings 96 NASA: JSC (clb) (b) (tr). 97 Dorling (tr). Science Photo Library: Chris Butler (cb) Pacific Northwest Laboratory (cra). 163 NASA:
(Dominion Astrophysical Observatory), Bruce Kindersley: NASA (clb). NASA: JSC (crb) (br) (br). 135 NASA: JPL / USGS (t). Science Photo (tc) (bl); JPL / USGS (clb); JPL/ University of
Woodgate (GSFC/NASA), Mary Beth Kaiser (fbr). Science Photo Library: NASA (t). Library: Henning Dalhoff / Bonnier Publications Arizona (cl); JPL/ University of Arizona/
(Johns Hopkins University), Steven Kraemer 98 NASA: (cl) (bc). Science Photo Library: (crb); D. Van Ravenswaay (cl). 136 HubbleSite: University of Colorado (tr); NOAA (cr). Science
(Catholic University of America), the STIS Team, NASA (crb) (br). 99 NASA: (tl) (bc) (tr). NASA/ESA, John Clarke (University of Photo Library: Mark Garlick (br); US
and NASA (tl). NRAO / AUI / NSF: Image Wikimedia Commons: Aliazimi (bl). 100 Alamy Michigan) (tr); M. Wong and I. de Pater Geological Survey (crb). 164-165 Science Photo
courtesy of National Radio Astronomy Images: RIA Novosti (cl). Corbis: Bettmann (c); (University of California, Berkeley) (br). 137 Library: Planet Observer (Background). 164-176
Observatory / Associated Universities, Inc. / Hulton-Deutsch Collection (tr). Getty Images: Corbis: NASA-JPL-Caltech - digital versi/Science Dorling Kindersley: NASA (l). 165 Corbis:
National Science Foundation (cra). Science Hulton Archive (ca). NASA: 5909731 / MSFC- Faction (r). HubbleSite: NASA, ESA, IRTF, and Momatiuk - Eastcott (fcl); Douglas Peebles (c).
Photo Library: NASA / ESA / STSCI / 5909731 (br). 101 Corbis: Roger Ressmeyer (tr). A. Sánchez-Lavega and R. Hueso (Universidad Getty Images: Barcroft Media (cl). 166 Dorling
J.BAHCALL, PRINCETON IAS (crb). NASA: Kennedy Space Center (bl). Press del País Vasco, Spain ) (clb). NASA: JPL/ Cornell Kindersley: Planetary Visions Ltd (clb). 166-167
62 Science Photo Library: Mike Agliolo (crb); Association Images: (fbr). Science Photo University (cla). 138 Corbis: Bettmann (tr); JPL NASA: (c). 167 NASA: (tr/Earth); MSFC (cr)
Volker Springel / Max Planck Institute for Library: Power And Syred (crb). 102-103 NASA: / USGS (b). NASA: JPL/ University of Arizona (bc). 168-169 Alamy Images: Rolf Nussbaumer
Astrophysics (cl). 62-63 Science Photo Library: (Background). 104 Alamy Images: RIA Novosti (c); JPL/ Brown University (bl); JPL/ DLR (tr); Photography. 170 Alamy Images: Alaska Stock
Lynette Cook. 63 HubbleSite: NASA, ESA, M.J. (cla). The Kobal Collection: MGM (crb). JPL/ University of Arizona (cr). 139 NASA: JPL LLC (b). NASA: JPL (cl). 171 iStockphoto.com:
Jee and H. Ford (Johns Hopkins University) (br). NASA: (clb). 104-105 Science Photo Library: (cla) (bc) (cl) (clb). 140 NASA: JPL-Caltech Janrysavy (cl) (cb) (cr) (fcrb). NASA: GSFC (bl);
Science Photo Library: M. Markevitch/ CXC/ NASA (b). 105 NASA: (tl) (cra). 106 NASA: (cl) (crb); MSFC (bl). 141 NASA: Walt Feimer (cr); MODIS Ocean Science Team (br). Science
CFA/ NASA (bl). 64-65 Getty Images: AFP/ Jim (br). 107 Courtesy of JAXA: (br). NASA: (cla) JPL (clb); JPL-Caltech (cl) (br); MSFC (cra); Photo Library: European Space Agency (c).
Watson (Background). 64-88 Dorling (cr) (tr). 108 NASA: (cra) (cb) (crb). 109 Corbis: JPL/ Space Science Institute (clb). 142 NASA: 172 Corbis: Douglas Peebles (crb). 172-173
Kindersley: ESA - ESTEC (l). 65 Corbis: Bettmann (cr). NASA: (br); MSFC (tl) (cla). JPL/ STScI (tr). Science Photo Library: Corbis: Galen Rowell (b). 173 Corbis:
Bettmann (fcl). ESA: (c). US Geological Survey: Science Photo Library: NASA (cra). 110 Alamy D. Van Ravenswaay (crb); NASA, ESA, J. Clarke Momatiuk - Eastcott (ca). Science Photo
Astrogeology Team (cl). 66 Getty Images: Sir Images: Detlev van Ravenswaay / Picture Press (Boston University) , and Z. Levay (STScI) (c). Library: Bernhard Edmaier (crb); David Parker
Godfrey Kneller (c). NASA: KSC (l); United (br). Corbis: Jim Sugar (bl). NASA: Scaled 143 Corbis: NASA - digital version copyright/ (br); Ron Sanford (tr). 174 Corbis: Bryan Allen
Launch Alliance/ Pat Corkery (r). 67 NASA: Bill Composites (ca). 110-111 Corbis: Ed Darack/ Science Faction (tc); STScI/ NASA (r) (bc). (clb); Hinrich Baesemann / DPA (cl). NASA: (tr).
Ingalls (c); Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (tr). Science Faction (Background). 111 Bigelow Science Photo Library: NASA/ JPL/ University Science Photo Library: Detlev Van Ravenswaay
68-69 NASA: Bill Ingalls. 70 Alamy Images: Aerospace : (crb). Getty Images: Daniel Of Arizona (tl). 144 Alamy Images: The Print (br). 175 Corbis: (br); Mike Hollingshead /
Linda Sikes (br). Corbis: NASA/CNP (c). Berehulak (ca). NASA: KSC (bl). Science Photo Collector (tr); JPL / USGS (bc). NASA: JPL/ Science Faction (bl); Gerolf Kalt (clb); NOAA
Science Photo Library: Mark Garlick (cl). Library: Take 27 Ltd (br). courtesy Virgin Space Science Institute (clb) (cl) (crb). NRAO / (cr). Science Photo Library: David R. Frazier
71 Alamy Images: Stock Connection Blue (c). Galactic: (tl) (cra). 112 Reaction Engines AUI / NSF: (cr). 144-145 NASA: JPL/ Space (cl). 176 Dorling Kindersley: The Royal
Corbis: (cra); Bettmann (tl). Getty Images: Limited / Adrian Mann: Reaction Engines Ltd Science Institute (tc). 145 ESA: (br); NASA/ Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh (br). Science
NASA (clb). Science Photo Library: NASA (cr) develops SKYLON, a space plane which evolved JPL/ University of Arizona (tr) (cb) (crb). NASA: Photo Library: Lynette Cook (Volcanoes);
(crb). 72 NASA: (tr); KSC (crb); MSFC / KSC from the HOTOL project (b). Science Photo (cla); JPL (bl); JPL/ GSFC/ Space Science Henning Dalhoff / Bonnier Publications (clb).
(cl). 73 ESA: (cl). EUROCKOT Launch Library: Richard Bizley (cra). 113 Agence Institute (clb); JPL/ University of Arizona (ca). 177 Alamy Images: Amberstock (tl). Dorling
Services GmbH: (cra). Getty Images: Space France Presse: (crb). Corbis: (cl). NASA: DFRC/ 146-147 NASA: JPL/ Space Science Institute. Kindersley: Jon Hughes (bl) (bc). ESA: (crb).
Imaging (bl). NASA: Victor Zelentsov (tl). Illustration by Steve Lighthill (b). SpaceX: NASA 148 Getty Images: John Russell (cl). W.M. Keck imagequestmarine.com: Peter Batson (cb).
Courtesy Sea Launch: (br). 74 ESA: CNES/ (tr). 114 Alamy Images: Pat Eyre (crb). Corbis: Observatory: Lawrence Sromovsky, (Univ. NOAA: Office of Ocean Exploration; Dr. Bob
Arianespace/ Photo optique video du CSG (clb) James Marshall (cb). ESA: S. Corvaja (bl). Wisconsin-Madison) (cb). NASA: JPL (br); Embley, NOAA PMEL, Chief Scientist (ca).
(cb); Service Optique CSG (cr). 74-75 ESA: Science Photo Library: Sinclair Stammers (cra). NSSDC (l). 149 NASA: GSFC (br); JPL (c); JPL Science Photo Library: Victor Habbick Visions
CNES/ Arianespace/ Photo optique video du 115 Alamy Images: Photos 12 (cr). NASA: / USGS (bl); JPL-Caltech (cla) (cr) (fcr); NSSDC (tr); P. Rona/ OAR/ National Undersea Research
CSG (t). 75 ESA: CNES/ Arianespace/ Photo MSFC (clb). PA Photos: AP/ NASA (br). (cra). 150 NASA: (bl); Voyager 2 (c). 151 NASA: Program/ NOAA (cl). 178-179 Alamy Images:
optique video du CSG (bc) (cr); Service Optique Science Photo Library: Victor Habbick Visions (cra); JPL (bl); JPL / USGS (cla). Science Photo Melba Photo Agency (Background). 179 NASA:
CSG (cl). 76 Corbis: Alain Nogues/ Sygma (br). (t). 116-117 NASA: JPL/ University of Arizona Library: Royal Astronomical Society (cr). (cl) (c). 180 Alamy Images: Patrick Eden (b).
NASA: JPL (clb). 77 NASA: (b). 78 Corbis: (Background). 116-162 Dorling Kindersley: 152 HubbleSite: NASA, ESA, and M. Buie Science Photo Library: Andrew J. Martinez (cra)
Bettmann (b). ESA: D. Ducros (c). NASA: NASA /Finley Holiday Films (l). 117 Corbis: (Southwest Research Institute) (tr). NASA: Dr. R. (fcra). 181 Corbis: William Radcliffe/ Science
Goddard Space Flight Center/ MODIS Rapid Dennis di Cicco (c). HubbleSite: M. Wong and Albrecht, ESA/ ESO Space Telescope European Faction (cr). Science Photo Library: Planetary
Response Team/ Jeff Schmaltz (cr). 79 CNES: I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley) Coordinating Facility (cla). 152-153 NASA: ESA Visions Ltd (bc). 182 Getty Images: VGL/
Illustration P. Carril - Mars 2003 (clb). © EADS : (cl). 118 NASA: JPL-Caltech / T. Pyle (SSC) (c). and G. Bacon (STScI) (b). 153 HubbleSite: amanaimagesRF (fcra). NASA: Image courtesy of
Astrium (crb). ESA: J. Huart (cra). 80-81 USGS: Science Photo Library: Detlev Van Ravenswaay ESA, H. Weaver (JHU/APL) , A. Stern (SwRI) , the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA
Courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. 82 Getty (crb). 119 David A. Hardy : PPARC (br). Julian and the HST Pluto Companion Search Team Johnson Space Center (cra). Science Photo
Images: Ludek Pesek (b). NASA: NSSDC (tl). Baum: (clb). 120 HubbleSite: Reta Beebe (New (cb). 154 Corbis: Dennis di Cicco (b). Library: Dr Fred Espenak (ca); NOAO (tc);
Science Photo Library: Detlev Van Ravenswaay Mexico State University) / NASA (cb); NASA, 155 Corbis: Jonathan Blair (bl); Gianni Dagli David Nunuk (crb). 182-192 Dorling
(c). 83 NASA: Ames Research Center (cra); JPL ESA, L. Sromovsky and P. Fry (University of Orti (cla). HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / M. Wong Kindersley: NASA (l). 183 Corbis: Tom Fox/
(tl); NSSDC (clb). Science Photo Library: Wisconsin) , H. Hammel (Space Science (Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Dallas Morning News (crb); Reuters (tl). Getty
NASA / JPL (bc). US Geological Survey: Institute) , and K. Rages (SETI Institute) (crb). Md.) / H. B. Hammel (Space Science Institute, Images: VGL/ amanaimagesRF (cr). NASA:
Astrogeology Team (fclb). Wikimedia NASA: (clb/Earth). 120-121 NASA: JPL-Caltech Boulder, Colo.) / Jupiter Impact Team (cr). Image courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis
Commons: Daderot (br). 84 ESA: (c). NASA: (solar system planets). 121 Dorling Kindersley: Science Photo Library: Mark Garlick (br); Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center (fcr).
(crb). 85 CNES: Illustration D. Ducros - 1998 NASA /Finley Holiday Films (cb). 122 Science Gordon Garradd (tr); NASA / ESA / STSCI / Science Photo Library: NOAO (c). 184 NASA:
(cr). ESA: (tr). NASA: (cb) (bc) (br). 86 NASA: Photo Library: NASA (r). 123 Getty Images: H. Weaver & T. Smith (c). 156 Corbis: NASA JSC (cl). 184-185 Getty Images: Stocktrek RF
ISRO/ JPL-Caltech/ USGS/ Brown Univ. (bl). Dieter Spannknebel (tl); NSSDC (clb). NASA: (crb); Roger Ressmeyer (c). Dorling Kindersley: (c). Moonpans.com: (b). 185 Getty Images:
Science Photo Library: Indian Space Research NSSDC/ GSFC (ca). Science Photo Library: ESA (cra). ESA: SOHO (clb). NASA: JPL (br). SSPL (crb). NASA: JSC (cb); MSFC (cla);
Organisation (r). 87 CBERS: INPE (cra). M. Ledlow et al / NRAO / AUI / NSF (cb). 157 HubbleSite: NASA, ESA, P. Feldman (Johns
Corbis: Li Gang/ Xinhua Press (tc). Getty SOHO/EIT (ESA & NASA) : (cr). 124-125 Hopkins University) and H. Weaver (Johns
Images: ChinaFotoPress (cl). Akihoro Ikeshita: Science Photo Library: NASA (tc). 125 ESA: Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory)
(clb). Courtesy of JAXA: NHK (b/Background) MPS/ Katlenburg-Lindau (crb). NASA: JPL (cla); (tr); JPL/ UMD (cra). NASA: JPL (tl); MSFC
(cb). 88 ESA: AOES Medialab/ ESA 2002 (cb). NSSDC (bl) (bc). 126 NASA: JPL (cra) (b) (clb). (cl). Science Photo Library: Erik Viktor (b).
Science Photo Library: David A. Hardy, Futures: 127 ESA: (crb). NASA: Ames Research Center 158 ICSTARS Astronomy: Vic & Jen Winter.
50 Years In Space (ca). 89 Courtesy of JAXA: (tr); JPL (tl); JPL-Caltech (cra) (c) (cl). Science 159 Corbis: Tony Hallas/ Science Faction (br).
(crb). Science Photo Library: David A. Hardy Photo Library: David P.Anderson, SMU/ Nasa HubbleSite: John Caldwell (York University,
(clb); NASA (tl) (cra). 90-114 Dorling (cb). 128 ESA: DLR/ FU Berlin (G. Neukum) Ontario) , Alex Storrs (STScI) , (tr). Kwon, O
Kindersley: NASA (l). 90-91 Getty Images: (bc). NASA: (cra); ESA (cr); JPL (cb); JPL/ Chul: (cr). Jimmy Westlake: (cla). 160 Corbis:
NASA/ National Geographic (Background). Malin Space Science Systems (br); NSSDC (bl). Hans Schmied (ca). Science Photo Library:
91 Corbis: Bettmann (cl). NASA: (fcl). SpaceX: 129 Getty Images: Time & Life Pictures (clb). Mark Garlick (cla). 160-161 Corbis: Bryan Allen
NASA (c). 92 Corbis: Bettmann (cl) (cr); NASA NASA: GSFC (r); JPL /MSSS (tl); JPL/ Malin (b). 161 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural
- digital version copyright/Science Faction (bl). Space Science Systems (ca). 130 Corbis: Lowell History Museum, London (ca). Galaxy Picture
NASA: 5909731 / MSFC-5909731 (cra). 92-93 Georgia (br); JPL / USGS (r); JPL /MSSS (cb). Library: UWO/ University of Calgary/ Galax
Corbis: Bettmann (Background). 93 Corbis: NASA: JPL/ University of Arizona (cl). 131 ESA: (tr). NASA: Ted Bunch/ JPL (fcra); M. Elhassan/
Bettmann (cla) (bc) (cr); Karl Weatherly (cb). G. Neukum (FU Berlin) et al./ Mars Express/ M. H. Shaddad/ P. Jenniskens (crb); Michael
Dorling Kindersley: Bob Gathany (tl). NASA: DLR (cra); JPL (clb); JPL-Caltech (cb/Rover). Farmer/ JPL (cr); JPL/ Cornell (cl). 162 Selden
(clb); MSFC (tr). 94 NASA: ESA (r); Robert NASA: JPL/ Cornell (t) (bl) (br) (ca) (cb). E. Ball: Cornell University (ca). Corbis: NASA/
Markowitz/ Mark Sowa (bc). 95 ESA: (cla) (cra); Science Photo Library: NASA (fbl). 132-133 Roger Ressmeyer (cr). NASA: JPL/ University of

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INDEX NSSDC (cra). 186 Getty Images: Viewstock (bl). of Leicester) (ftl). Science Photo Library: (University of British Columbia) (cr). NASA: (fcrb). 242-243 iStockphoto.com: Gaffera.
187 NASA: (cr) (cb) (crb); Neil A. Armstrong (cl) European Space Agency (cla) (bl) (br) (clb) (crb) GSFC (crb). 226 ESA: NASA / L. Ricci (ESO) 243 Corbis: Reuters (clb); JPL / Scaled
(br); JPL-Caltech (bc). Science Photo Library: (r); NASA / A. Caulet / St-ECF / ESA (tr). (ca) (br) (cr) (fbl) (fclb). HubbleSite: NASA / Composites (tr). NASA: JPL (crb) (tl); NASA /
D. Van Ravenswaay (clb); Ria Novosti (bl). 214 HubbleSite: NASA / Jeff Hester (Arizona ESA / M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science ESA / STSCI / H. Ford et al. (fcla). Science
188 Moonpans.com: Charlie Duke (b). NASA: State University) (tl). 214-215 HubbleSite: Institute / ESA) / the Hubble Space Telescope Photo Library: NASA (fcr); Friedrich Saurer
JSC (tl) (cl). 189 Corbis: (tl); Roger Ressmeyer heic0506b / opo0512b. 215 HubbleSite: Orion Treasury Project Team (crb). NASA: JPL- (br); Detlev Van Ravenswaay (ca). 244 Science
(bl). NASA: (crb); Charlie Duke (cra); JSC (ca). A. Caulet (ST-ECF, ESA) / NASA (cla); NASA / Caltech (fcra). 227 NASA: Jean-Luc Beuzit, et al. Photo Library: Henning Dalhoff / Bonnier
Science Photo Library: NASA (tr). 190 Corbis: ESA / SM4 ERO Team (br). NASA: ESA (tr); / Grenoble Observatory / European Southern Publications. 245 HubbleSite: NASA, ESA, and
NASA / Roger Ressmeyer (bl). NASA: MSFC Ryan Steinberg & Family / Adam Block / NOAO Observatory (tr); JPL (br). National Research The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA).
(cla) (clb). 190-191 NASA. 192 Courtesy of / AURA / NSF (tl). 216 HubbleSite: NASA / Council Canada: C. Marois and B. Macintosh/ 246-247 Moonpans.com: (b). 248-249 Alamy
JAXA: (cra). NASA: (cr) (br) (fbr); GSFC (ca) ESA / H. E. Bond (STScI) / The Hubble Keck Observatory. (bl). 228 HubbleSite: NASA / Images: Dennis Hallinan. 249 Dorling
(cb); NSSDC (l). 193 ESA: (c). Courtesy of Heritage Team (STScI / AURA). 216-217 H. Richer (University of British Columbia) (cra). Kindersley: NASA. 250 NASA: SOHO / EIT
JAXA: (tl). Science Photo Library: Paul HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / the Hubble Heritage NASA: (cl); CXC / M. Weiss (bl); JPL-Caltech / Consortium / ESA. 251 Corbis: STScI / NASA
Wootton (b). X-Prize Foundation: (fcra); Team Team (STScI / AURA). 218 Anglo Australian R. Hurt (SSC) (crb). 229 NASA: (tr); Dana Berry (br). 252-253 Corbis: Bryan Allen. 253 NASA:
Italia/ Alberto Rovetta (cra). 194-195 NASA: Observatory: David Malin (tl); NASA / ESA / (br); CXC / SAO / F. Seward (c); JPL (clb). JPL / USGS (tr). 254 Dorling Kindersley: Bob
SOHO. 194-208 Alamy Images: Brand X Hans Van Winckel (Catholic University of 230 Dorling Kindersley: NASA (bc) (crb) (fcr). Gathany (tr). HubbleSite: ESA, NASA, and Felix
Pictures (l). 195 NASA: GSFC / TRACE (cl); Leuven, Belgium) / Martin Cohen (University of HubbleSite: ESA, NASA, and Felix Mirabel Mirabel (French Atomic Energy Commission and
TRACE (c). SST, Royal Swedish Academy of California, Berkeley) (br); NASA / ESA / HEIC / (French Atomic Energy Commission and Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics /
Sciences, LMSAL: (fcl). 196 NASA: (cl); SOHO The Hubble Heritage Team / STScI / AURA (bl); Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics / Conicet of Argentina) (bl). 255 Corbis: Ed
(fbr). Science Photo Library: John Chumack NASA / Jon Morse (University of Colorado) (cr). Conicet of Argentina) (cl). NASA: G. Bacon Darack/ Science Faction (br). 256 NASA: JPL-
(cr); Ton Kinsbergen (tl). SOHO/EIT (ESA HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / Andrea Dupree (STScI) (tr). Science Photo Library: CXC / AlfA Caltech / T. Pyle (SSC)
& NASA) : (br). 197 NASA: SOHO. (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA) / Ronald Gilliland / D. Hudson and T. Reiprich et al / NRAO /
198 (c) University Corporation for (STScI) (ca). 219 Chandra X-Ray Observatory: VLA / NRL / NASA (bl). 231 Science Photo All other images © Dorling Kindersley
Atmospheric Research (UCAR) : Illustration by X-ray: NASA / CXC / Rutgers / G.Cassam- Library: European Space Agency. 232 Science For further information see: www.dkimages.com
Mark Miesch (tr). NASA: (b). 199 NASA: (cl); Chenaï / J.Hughes et al. / Radio: NRAO / AUI / Photo Library: David Nunuk (b). 232-233
GSFC / A. Title (Stanford Lockheed Institute) / NSF / GBT / VLA / Dyer, Maddalena & Science Photo Library: Larry Landolfi. Dorling Kindersley would also like to
TRACE (tl); GSFC / SOHO (br). 200 NASA: Cornwell / Optical: Middlebury College / 233 Alamy Images: Tony Craddock / Images Etc thank Ben Morgan for editorial help with
TRACE (bl). 200-201 NASA: Steve Albers / F. Winkler / NOAO / AURA / NSF / CTIO Ltd (ca). Corbis: Jay Pasachoff / Science Faction this book, Lorrie Mack and Penny Smith
Dennis di Cicco / Gary Emerson. 201 NASA: Schmidt & DSS (cr); NASA (bc); NASA / (bl). 234 Corbis: Stapleton Collection (cl) (tr). for proofreading, Peter Radcliffe for design
(br); JPL-Caltech (tl); SOHO (cra). 202 NASA: Andrew Fruchter / ERO Team - Sylvia Baggett Getty Images: The Bridgeman Art Library / assistance, and Peter Bull for additional
GSFC (b). SST, Royal Swedish Academy of (STScI) / Richard Hook (ST-ECF) / Zoltan Andreas Cellarius (br). 235 Science Photo illustrations.
Sciences, LMSAL: (tr). 203 NASA: GSFC (clb); Levay (STScI) (br). HubbleSite: NASA / The Library: Pekka Parviainen (tl). 236 Science
SOHO / ESA (t); SOHO / MSFC (c) (br). Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA) / Photo Library: Davide De Martin (tr); NASA /
204-205 Corbis: Fred Hirschmann / Science W. Sparks (STScI) / R. Sahai (JPL) (bl). JPL-Caltech / STSCI (cl); Eckhard Slawik (cr).
Faction. 206 Wikimedia Commons: (bl). 220 HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / The Hubble 238 Corbis: Radius Images (cl). Getty Images:
206-207 NASA: ISAS. 207 NASA: MSFC (cb). Heritage Team (STScI / AURA) / P. McCullough Robert Gendler/Visuals Unlimited, Inc. (tr);
208 Corbis: Bettmann (tl). Science Photo (STScI). NASA: NOAO / T. A. Rector / U. Stone / World Perspectives (cr). 240 Corbis:
Library: Royal Astronomical Society (ca). Alaska / T. Abbott / AURA / NSF (br). Naval Bettmann (cla) (fcrb); Gianni Dagli Orti (clb);
208-209 Corbis: Roger Ressmeyer. 209 Alamy Research Lab.: Rhonda Stroud / Nittler (2003) Christel Gerstenberg (cr); Stapleton Collection
Images: BWAC Images (br). NASA: MSFC (tl). (cra). 221 HubbleSite: NASA / K.L. Luhman (fclb). Dorling Kindersley: NASA /Finley
Reuters: Ho New (c). 210-211 HubbleSite: (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Holiday Films (fcr); Rough Guides (fcla).
NASA / ESA / A. Nota (STScI / ESA). Cambridge, Mass.) / G. Schneider, E. Young, Science & Society Picture Library: (cra).
210-238 HubbleSite: NASA, ESA, and Martino G. Rieke, A. Cotera, H. Chen, M. Rieke, R. Science Photo Library: Chris Butler (crb).
Romaniello (European Southern Observatory, Thompson (Steward Observatory, University of 240-241 iStockphoto.com: Gaffera.
Germany) (l). 211 Corbis: Stapleton Collection Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.) (bl). NASA: NOAO / 241 Corbis: Bettmann (cra); NASA - digital
(cl); NASA / ESA / HEIC / The Hubble Heritage T. A. Rector / U. Alaska / WIYN / AURA / NSF version copyright/Science Faction (cl). Dorling
Team / STScI / AURA (c). HubbleSite: NASA / / GSFC (t). 222 HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / Kindersley: Anglo-Australian Observatory/
ESA / J. Hester (ASU) (fcl). 212 HubbleSite: G. Bacon (STScI) (bc). NASA: CXC / SAO / David Malin (clb). Getty Images: Time & Life
NASA / ESA / M. Robberto (Space Telescope M. Karovska et al. (cl). 223 HubbleSite: NASA / Pictures (fclb). NASA: ESA and G. Bacon
Science Institute / ESA) / Hubble Space Telescope ESA / (STScI / AURA) / J. Maíz Apellániz (STScI) (tl). Science Photo Library: NASA / JPL
Orion Treasury Project Team (bc). 213 Anglo (Institute of Astrophysics of Andalucía, Spain). (br). 242 Alamy Images: Stock Connection Blue
Australian Observatory: D. Malin (AAO) / 224-225 HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / the Hubble / Novastock (cra). Dorling Kindersley: The
AATB / UKS Telescope (ftr). NASA: (tr); Heritage Team (STScI / AURA) / A. Cool (San Science Museum, London (ca). NASA: (fcla); JPL
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory / GSFC (tc); Francisco State University) / J. Anderson (STScI). (bc); JPL-Caltech (cb). Science Photo Library:
ESA / H. Bond (STScI) / M. Barstow (University 225 HubbleSite: NASA / ESA / H. Richer RIA Novosti (bl) (ftl); Detlev Van Ravenswaay

256