BQS554 (Building Services) - Assignment 1 (E-Magazine) - AP2244B (Group 2)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING
PREPARED FOR DR. NOOR AKMAL ADILLAH ISMAIL

JANUARY 2022 | ISSUE 1

SMART

MULTI-STOREY

HOME

SMART HOME

An idea of how and what is a
concept of smart home with
its purpose.

LATEST TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDY

We have compiled the latest Information regarding on smart
technology of building services home with an example of our
system for multi-storey smart selected case study of multi-
home into one. storey smart home.

BQS554 | BUILDING SERVICES II

PROJECT TEAM

Abdul Raziq Bin Ahmad Safri
2021393765
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons)
AP224 4B

Amirul Haziq Bin Hamdan
2021393683
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons)
AP224 4B

Esther Anak Ambrose
2021393559
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons)
AP224 4B

Farzana Naqiyah Binti Ahmad Zaim
2021393247
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons)
AP224 4B

Syarifah Nuraida Binti Wan Chee
2021393349
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons)
AP224 4B

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTION
03
09 Smart Home and Proposed
System

26 MECHANICAL

HANDLING SYSTEM

FIRE PREVENTION Smart Home Elevator
SYSTEM
36
Smoke Detector

TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

Smart Home
Communication System

MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SYSTEM

Air-Conditioning 43 CASE STUDY

Luxury Smart AI 3 - Storey
House, Batu Caves

18 SPECIAL SERVICES 44 CONCLUSION

SYSTEM Stana Holland

Closed-Circuit Television

45 REFERENCES

ii

INTRODUCTION

A concept of smart home is to ensure that the smart home is the
system or devices are able to connect through way of living toward
a network in order to access and control the
household environment and respond to the the edge of
needs of the users (Fabi et al., 2016). For that technology
reason, a stable network connection is the most
important factor which the households needed
to considered before moving towards a smart
home concept as a poor network connectivity
might affect the function and performance of
the system itself.

Moving on, the smart home system technology The building services system for smart home
was firstly intended to only regulate an are usually comprises of fire prevention system,
environmental systems like lighting and heating telecommunication system, ventilation system
but it has evolved to the point where every mechanical handling system and special
electrical component in the house can linked services system such as access system. Each of
into the system. (Ricquebourg et al., 2006). As the system consist of various services that are
we moving towards the edge of technology, used for a smart home concept such as smart
smart home is now possible as there is a plenty smoke detector, smart home elevator, smart
of latest technology innovations of building air-conditioning, smart CCTV and many more.
services system with a lots of benefits can be Any information regarding on our proposed
achieved by the smart home users such as system for a multi-storey smart home will be
energy efficiency, quality lifestyle, enhanced explained with detail in the next page.
home safety and security level.
01

PROPOSED SMART HOME SYSTEM

Wireless home automation system uses a wireless network such as Wireless Wide Area
Networks (WWAN) to connect the electrical components of home appliances, surveillance
systems, lighting systems and entertainment systems (Sowah et al., 2020). In spite of that,
all of the systems must consist of smart system in order to control it from a device such as
smartphone, tablet or central automation control hub system. All of the home appliance
such as smart smoke detector and smart CCTV can be linked with a central automation
control hub system such as Echo Alexa. However, some of the smart home appliances can
only be controlled by their manufacturer application such as our proposed smart home
elevator and smart air-conditioning. By using a wireless home automation system, the users
can monitor their home appliances even if the user are not at home.

02



APPLICATION

As the world are racing towards the
age of automation and technology,
the earliest form of fire detection is
manual detection. When a person
screaming can offer fire warning in
its most basic form. However, a
person's voice may not always be
transmitted throughout a building. As
a result, manual alarm stations have
been built. Smoke detectors is a
newer technology, having achieved
widespread use in residential and life
safety applications throughout the
1970s and 1980s.

These gadgets, as the name implies, are designed to detect a fire while it is still shouldering or in
the early stages of flame, simulating the human sense of smell. The most popular smoke detectors
are spot type devices, which are similar to spot thermal units in that they are mounted along
ceilings or high on walls. They work on either an ionization or a photoelectric theory, with either
having advantages in specific applications.

Smoke detectors are effective in cases when the fire is anticipated to produce a significant
volume of smoke before temperature changes are sufficient to activate a heat detection system
and a fire eye detects a flame. A photoelectric beam is used between a receiving device and a
light source in smoke detectors. An alert is sounded if smoke obscures the beam. There are other
refraction-type models that detect the light changes within the instrument as smoke particles
enter it. Smoke detectors are commonly used in any buildings or houses in this modern era.

03

SYSTEM

Photoelectric smoke detectors and Ionisation smoke detectors are the two most
prevalent types of smoke detectors. We recommended employing an ionisation smoke
detection system for this smart house. A fire alarm system with a built-in ionisation
chamber supported by two plates with voltage between them is known as an ionisation
smoke detector. Smoke entering the chamber displaces the electrons present between
the two plates, causing an alarm to sound. Smoke particles that enter the collecting
chamber and adhere to the ions make it more difficult for the ions to deliver an electrical
charge. A circuit detects a reduction in electrical flow, which subsequently activates an
alarm system. In comparison to a photoelectric detector, this sort of smoke detector is
suitable for detecting invisible particles created by flames, and hence will function
considerably faster and be more sensitive.

Fast burning flames are detected more rapidly by ionisation smoke detectors. These fires
burn rapidly and generate big flames, yet emit little smoke. Combustibles that burn
quickly, such as gasoline or other flammable liquids, newspapers, cleaning chemicals, and
cooking grease, are common sources of blazing fires. Smoke particles that enter the
collecting chamber and adhere to the ions make it more difficult for the ions to deliver an
electrical charge. A circuit detects a reduction in electrical flow, which subsequently
activates an alarm system. Small particles of smoke created by fast-flaming flames are
easily detected by this type of detector, but they are significantly less sensitive to slow-
burning, smouldering fires that produce a lot of smoke compared to the quantity of flaring.
They function by ionizing the air in an open ionisation chamber. The typical processes
between ions and electrons are disrupted by smoke particles inside the chamber, and the
electric current is cut off. This is detected by the circuit, which sets off the alarm.

04

INSTALLATION PROCESS

For the installation process, choosing a
suitable and good smoke detectors are
very important. Firstly, we need to
choose smoke alarms with a recognised
testing laboratory's label. There are a
lot of type, shape, colour and different
type of brand. After choosing the
suitable smoke detectors for smart
home that are proposed, install smoke
detectors in each bedroom, outside
each sleeping space, and throughout
the house. Install alarms in the living
room.

Smoke alarms should be mounted on the ceiling at the bottom of the steps going to the next level if they
are built in the basement. To reduce false alerts during cooking, smoke detectors should be positioned at
least 10 feet (3 metres) away from the cooking device. Besides, you need to Install smoke alarms on the
walls or ceilings. Alarms should be positioned on the wall no more than 12 inches from the ceiling. After
that, install the alarm within 3 feet of the peak but not the top of the peak if your ceilings are. We need
also to install the smoke alarms away from windows, doors, and ducts where draughts might obstruct their
operation. Smoke detectors should not be painted because the alerts may be disabled by paint, stickers, or
other embellishments.

All smoke alarms should be connected for the
optimum protection. When one smoke alarm goes
off, the others go off as well. Hardwiring or
wireless technologies can be used to connect
devices. When installing linked smoke alarms, it's
critical that all of the alarms come from the same
brand. It is possible that the alarms will not sound
if they are not compatible.

05

BENEFITS

01
02
03

06

PROBLEMS

01
02

07

FUNCTIONS, CONNECTIONS, POSITIONS, PRINCIPLE AND SYSTEM

An ionization chamber exposed to the air (1) within
the ionization smoke detector is filled with ions (2),
Which are atoms that have lost electrons to form
positively charged nuclei. There's a little bit of the
chemical element americium within the chamber.
(3). It emits small radioactive particles or known as
alpha particles that seep into the detecting
chamber on a regular basis.

They collide with air molecules, forming
positively charged ions (seen here as large
red blobs) and negatively charged
electrons (shown as smaller black blobs).
Between two electrodes, ions and electrons
zip in opposing directions (electrical
contacts, rather like the terminals of a
battery). A current flow between the
electrodes as long as the ions and electrons
are flowing, and a circuit.

(4) in the smoke detector believes
everything is OK, thus the alarm (5)
It remains silent. When a fire occurs,
however, smoke particles enter the
detector and begin to block the
ionization chamber (6). They cling to
the ions and essentially stop the
electric current from flowing (7). The
warning is sounded by the circuit in
the detector areas that change
instantly (8). (9). The detecting
chamber clears, the ions go back
and forth between the electrodes as
before, the circuit shuts down, and
the alarm stops blaring once the fire
is out and the smoke is gone.

08

SPACE IMPLICATION AND REGULATIONS Photoelectric REGULATIONS
Smoke System
Under ideal conditions, several fire protection
standards prescribe detector spacing based on

a specific center-to-center distance between
detectors. These measurements are based on
rooms with smooth ceilings and no physical
barriers between the protected goods and the
detectors. Furthermore, they are predicated on
a maximum ceiling height and the premise that
the value and flammable nature of the room's
contents do not necessitate higher protection
or tighter spacing. The smoke detector should
be placed at least 21 feet away, according to
the diagram.

An installation programme may be
approached in a straightforward manner.
Your community's fire safety activists
collaborate to install smoke alarms.
Firefighters, safety instructors, corporate
leaders, representatives of older adult or
health groups, and others are examples of
advocates. The scope of your installation
programme is up to you. It has the ability
to target a whole community. It may also
be quite targeted, reaching out to a small
number of people who are particularly
vulnerable. You'll be helping to keep
individuals and your entire town safer by
putting smoke alarms in houses.

09



SMART AIR CONDITIONING APPLICATION

When we return home, our minds are preoccupied with all the routines that await us once we
return home. Do you want to unwind with a good book, a TV show, or a music session? You
may also do some laundry or dishes that have been piling up in the kitchen for an extended
period. But how do we become comfortable in doing those tasks in a relaxed state? Not to
mention the fact that a well-insulated house allows fresh air in while keeping stale air and
cooking aromas out. Mechanical ventilation is essential in today's densely constructed
dwellings. Controlling the quantity and quality of air in your home is beneficial to your health
as well as the health of your home and its inhabitants. It certainly enhances interior air quality
by supplying fresh air and neutralizing pollutants, as well as controlling moisture, preventing
inadequate air movement, and not requiring inhabitants to open windows to do so.

Smart air conditioning control enables remote management of AC systems via your
phone. Controlling the air conditioner can be done from couch, another room, or even
while you are away from home. This means no more energy waste or returning home to
a stuffy room. Smart air conditioners are equipped with WIFI technology, allowing
them to communicate with a smartphone application. This allows users to have complete
control over their smart air conditioning system. Users can control the temperature and
fan speed, as well as turn their air conditioning on and off, all from their phones. Smart
air conditioners provide a variety of other useful functions, such as temperature
scheduling, geofencing, and integration with smart assistants, such as Alexa. A smart
WIFI air conditioner device, which allows you to control your air conditioner from your
phone, is an option.

10

SYSTEM

It was designed and built in Australia, and it is known as MyAir by
Advantage Air. It is a smart air conditioning control system. User may
now relax in the comfort of your own house thanks to the addition of
this air conditioning unit. Is a ducted smart air conditioner that allows
users to set different temperatures for various regions of the home,
allowing them to keep the entire family comfortable in one location.
Even better, the system can be controlled from a user's smartphone,
and the air conditioning can be monitored from both inside and
outside the home, all while the user remains entirely anonymous!
Individual room air flow management, as well as a touchscreen that
can be used as a tablet, are all included in the list of features for this
climate control system. This device, which is compatible with products
from all major manufacturers, is a high-end package that includes an
8-inch tablet with internet access and is available for purchase
separately. Additionally, it is straightforward to use and visually
beautiful. MyAir is a mobile application for smartphones and tablets
that allows users to monitor their indoor air quality using temperature
sensors.

"Keep everyone
comfortable with
MyAir"

11

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Installation of smart conditioners should
begin with the installation of a brand-
new air conditioner and all its
necessary components. This may
demand the installation of new pipe,
electrical, and ductwork connections,
depending on how the new air
conditioners are connected. During this
time, all electrical connections will be
examined, and refrigerant will be
injected to the system according to the
manufacturer's specifications.

A new air conditioner installed by MyAir will allow users to
design their own air conditioning system, which they can
then have MyAir install for them. Being able to control up
to four air conditioning units from a single MyPlace wall
mount touch screen. When the MyPlace app is launched,
the MyAir+ tab will display the home screen, as shown in
the screenshot above. Each of the icons in the above set
represents a separate air-conditioning unit and pressing on
the top left of an icon will activate that air-conditioning
unit. Each individual air conditioning unit can be controlled
in the same way as any other MyAir system. It is possible
to access the MyAir+ Plans screen by selecting it from the
Plans button located in the bottom right-hand corner of the
MyAir+ Home screen. As your MyAir+ Plans apply to all
your air-conditioning units, you can rest assured that the
"captured" snapshot for each plan will include the current
state of all of the air-conditioning units in your system, as
well as the zone settings for each of the air-conditioning
units. The term "AC" is used to refer to an air conditioning
unit by default. To change this name or rename any other
unit, go to Setup > Options on the air conditioning unit that
you wish to rename and click on the Rename button
All of the steps can be refer from MyAir manual.

12

WONDERING WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS ? BENEFITS

01 Extra convenience

The primary difference between a smart air conditioner and a standard air conditioner is
that instead of manually adjusting the thermostat, user may do so using smartphone or
another mobile device. If user is away from home or the office, can set the thermostat to
the appropriate level while gone and then readjust when return. This reduces wear and
tear on air conditioning equipment and increases its lifespan slightly, as it will not be
running at full blast while no one is home.

02 Improved of energy efficiency

This is one of the primary benefits of smart air conditioning, as it enables user to regulate
the system's temperature remotely rather than manually. Additionally, user may set the
air conditioner to work best with present routine and lifestyle. When the schedule or
lifestyle changes and needed to update the settings, can easily do it on the thermostat or
remotely when nobody at home. What this all means is that can cool your own home or
workplace with maximum efficiency while still saving energy.

03 Automatic restart

Most smart air conditioners on the market include an auto-restart feature. This function
allows user to simply press a button to restore the A/C settings. This feature is
particularly useful if, for example, the power goes out during a rainstorm. The ability to
auto-restart following this type of fluctuation not only improves the comfort level in your
business or home, but also safeguards the device from being adversely affected by
power surges.

04 Suitability

Nowadays, many households have voice-activated devices such as Google Home, Alexa,
or Siri. If you own and operate a smart air conditioner, it can communicate with and
being compatible with other smart devices like these. That is because, unlike manual air
conditioners, smart ones are connected via Wi-Fi, allowing you to access all the
previously mentioned perks, including remote thermostat control and pre-programming.
User can opt in to receive e-mails from the system to be advised of any alarms if
temperature fails to maintain a normal range or rises above it. User can also be warned of
power outages and network disconnections.

13

PROBLEMS

01 Efficient Ductwork

Prior to installing an air conditioning system, it is vital to check the condition of your
ductwork. Joints should be sealed to keep cool air in the room. Ducts that are old or
inefficient might leak up to 20% of the cool air in the environment. To handle duct-related
issues, you might use the services of a professional firm or an AC specialist. They
conduct thorough system checks and quickly resolve any concerns. After securing the
duct system, you can contact a professional for air conditioner installation.

02 Air Quality

Air conditioning systems are pre-programmed to demand a certain level of air quality.
Manufacturers offer these requirements. It is critical to maintain this air quality in homes
to ensure that cooling systems operate efficiently. You can employ a professional
business to assist you in determining the most appropriate and cost-effective air quality
management device. Additionally, they inspect and repair ductwork to ensure that cold
air remains contained within the room. Air quality should be monitored to guarantee the
safety of your family.

03 Installation

Locate the air conditioning system in a location where it can effectively chill the space.
Additionally, the condenser of the air conditioner should be kept in a shaded location.
Keeping it in extremely bright areas can have an adverse effect on the system and
cause it to overheat. As a result, it will be unable to adequately chill the area and will
require frequent maintenance. Additionally, the airflow should be regulated to conserve
money. Maintain a clean surrounding environment to ensure optimal performance.

04 Additional Equipment

You can add additional equipment to your existing air conditioning machine. Complete
your homework and purchase the add-ons prior to purchasing the unit. This technique
ensures that the expert service will have no difficulty installing all components. For
instance, you can pair your air conditioning system with a heat pump. This enables you to
use your air conditioner as a cooling and heating machine simultaneously.

14

FUNCTION, REQUIREMENT AND POSITION

Compressor
The compressor is the system's engine, as it operates on a fluid that quickly converts gas to liquid. Its
principal purpose is to transform low-pressure gas into a high-pressure, high-temperature gas. Using an
electrified gas, the gap areas between molecules are shrunk. The compressor discharges this electrified gas,
also known as a refrigerant, into the condenser.

Coil Condenser
The condenser coil comprises a fan that cools and transforms the high-pressure gas to a liquid. The
resulting product is used to power the evaporator. Compressor and condenser are located outside
the residence.

Thermostat
The thermostat regulates the flow of thermal energy between the inside and exterior of
an air conditioning system. A thermostat can be set manually or automatically,
depending on its design.

Evaporator
Evaporators are near the furnace in central air conditioning. It is connected to the condenser by a
narrow pipe. The air conditioner cools the high-pressure gas. Due to the reduced pressure, the liquid
becomes a gas. The refrigerant removes and cools the heat from. Evaporator turns fluid into gas,
which compressor compresses.

A/C and Blowing Unit
The air conditioner's components operate in unison to draw air to the evaporator and
distribute it evenly across the room. A duct system enables air to circulate freely
throughout a room.

15

MYAIR APP HOMEPAGE
MYAIR+ PLANS

NAMING AIR-CON UNITS

16

PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM

When installed in a modern home, an air conditioning system performs the following primary functions.
HVAC systems' primary duty is to keep humans comfortable in their indoor environments. They also
provide ventilation. A particular form of cooling system is employed to keep electric gadgets cool. If the
humidity in the room is between 30 and 65 percent, the temperature in the room is between 20 and 26
degrees Celsius. It maintains the temperature in the room between 20 and 26 degrees Celsius. The air
conditioning system changes the air in the space to provide comfort for people while not interfering with
their ability to work. The state of the air is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and
humidity. The pressure of the surrounding atmosphere remains constant. A central air conditioning system
can be used for a variety of purposes, including heating, dehumidification, cooling, and humidity control.

An air conditioner cools a building by transferring heat from within to outside. Unwanted heat is absorbed
by a refrigerant gas and pumped outdoors. A fan in the exterior unit removes heat from the refrigerant
gas. A standard central air conditioner requires an exterior condensing unit, a compressor, and a fan, as
well as an indoor cold unit. The cold side of your air handler has an expansion valve and a cold coil. An
evaporator coil uses existing air to chill the air. The cool air is then ducted throughout your home. The cold
side of a window unit works like a central air conditioner. The thermostat controls an air conditioner's
compressor. In the process of compressing refrigerant, the compressor acts as a pump. Compressors may
suck low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gases into them, increasing the pressure and
temperature. This high-pressure gas enters the condenser coil. A fan and a piping network draw air into
the condenser coil. As the refrigerant flows through the condenser coil, it absorbs heat from the air,
changing from a gas to a liquid. When the high-pressure liquid reaches the expansion valve, the valve
expands to handle the rest. An evaporator coil is a simple network of pipes connected to an air handler
and used to cool an indoor space. The cold air is then ducted throughout the house. The cycle is repeated
until the desired temperature is reached. The evaporator coil's main job is to add heat from the
atmosphere to the refrigerant gas.

17

SPACE IMPLICATION SPACE IMPLICATION AND REGULATIONS

REGULATIONSSurrounding the unit with shrubbery or other porous material that allows air
to readily travel through saves space. If the unit is encircled by a solid wall,
an extra room is necessary. Before you plant shrubs or build a wall around
your air conditioner, read on for additional information. A foot (or 12 inches)
of spacing surrounding air conditioners is recommended. Manufacturers
recommend 12 to 24 inches of clearance. However, if the surrounding
material is porous, like a shrub, the user can get away with less clearance
without needing an air conditioner repair. The 12-inch clearance may quickly
become 6-inch clearance or less if a shrub is used to screen the device. Air
conditioners need room to circulate air in and out, as well as clearance on all
sides. Provide the unit with at least 60 inches of vertical clearance to avoid
stressing it and necessitating air conditioner repair. Insufficient clearance on
top of the air conditioner makes it work harder to chill the room. So you end
up paying more for air conditioning. Last but not least, air flow is merely one
facet of clearance. A service technician will also need to be accommodated.
Keep shrubs or walls open so a grown-up can get to the AC's critical
components.

These restrictions are simply in place for your own
protection and the safety of those inside a property.
The phrase "F gases" refers to fluorinated gases used
in air conditioners. Certain gases are highly polluting
and contribute to global warming. Owners of
refrigerated equipment must comply with the following
regulations:

They must have qualified professionals fix and
maintain any refrigerant or equipment.
Prevent refrigerant leaks by following the proper
procedures.
Repair leaks as soon as possible.
Regular system testing by competent experts.
Keep track of the outcomes of each check.
An EPC assesses a building's energy efficiency.
Choosing an air conditioner with a 'A' rating, for
example, can dramatically reduce power use and its
environmental impact which requires an air
conditioning check.

18



APPLICATION

Nowadays, safety is one of the hot topic that concern everybody. Even though home is a one
of safest place that everybody believe in the past, but not anymore in this era. There are lot of
cases involving house everyday such as burglary. So how to prevent this issue and what can
we do as initiative to protect our house ? There is a technology exist that most people knows
as CCTV. CCTV is an abbreviation for Closed Circuit Television. There are several video
cameras strategically placed about an area to capture footage, which is then relayed to one
or more display monitors for real-time viewing as well as replay of recorded footage.
Consequently, a CCTV system refers to all of the elements and components that make up the
system, including the camera, wiring, video footage storage (through the cloud or digital video
recorder), monitors, access control, and general system management.

In order to improve the security of or house
and to keep an eye on vital areas at all times,
you would want to install a closed-circuit
television system. This would be especially
beneficial for large buildings or those that
house hold important equipment, products, or
information. A CCTV system can not only
record video footage, but it can also send us
notifications if there is activity or movement on
a certain camera at a predetermined period.

For example, during the day when all the family members are working. This message could

signal that someone is about to breach into your property or is actively attempting to do

so.Although a CCTV system can be used to monitor on-site activities both during and after

working hours, it can also be utilised to assist in the identification of wanted offenders and to

serve as a deterrent to future invaders, depending on the situation.

19

SYSTEM

An IP-based CCTV system, which
consists of a minimum of one camera,
lens, monitor, and recorder, can be
scaled up or down in size depending on
the size of the area under monitoring.
In order for CCTV to function, the
camera or cameras must continuously
capture a sequence of images, which
are then transmitted via cable or wirelessly (depending on the system type selected) to the
recording device and then to the display monitor, where an individual can view the sequence of
images as video footage. The cameras utilised may also have the ability to zoom in and out as
well as rotate 360 degrees, depending on the type of camera that was chosen. There are 3
system that exist which is Analog, Digital and Network or IP. All three options are still in use, with
a preference for IP cameras and digital video cameras.

TYPE OF SYSTEM

ANALOG DIGITAL NETWORK/ IP

Use Bayonet Neill- Digitalize signals at These systems use a
Concelman (BNC) camera level. video server to stream
These systems
connectors on footage over the
coaxial cables to don't need a video internet and can be
capture card used with analogue or
transmit digital cameras. The
continuous video because images benefits include WiFi
signals. They're are saved directly and audio capabilities,
low-resolution, but to a computer, but Distributed Artificial
they do demand a Intelligence (DAI) for
they're also image processing,
inexpensive and lot of storage remote access, Power
capacity for Over Ethernet (POE),
effective. recordings. and higher resolution.

20

INSTALLATION PROCESS

The installation of Closed-Circuit Next, the ceiling or ceiling tile need to be prepare at
Television consists of several step. Before the decided location to receive the CCTV installation.
we can proceed with the installation of For future maintenance for false ceiling, all of the
the CCTV, there are few requirements above false ceiling CCTV should have the facility to
need to be fulfil. The installation plan must access the IP Data point. The CCTV that need to be
be approved and coordinated with other install on the false ceiling will be mark with exact
services before it can be implemented. dimension for the false ceiling contractor to prepare
Next, the location must be well prepared the hole. Next, the template that comes with the
for installation. The location where the camera need to be attach to the location that has
items to be installed will be inspected been approved and then created a hole by drilling
prior to installation to ensure that the hole marked on the template. The camera will be
architectural work and finishing are pass through the cable hole and will be attach with
complete and that the space is dust- the screw to secure the camera in place. After that,
free.Lastly, the most important step is to we will proceed with the wiring installation. The
make sure to avoid placing the cameras network cable will be plug into the RJ-45 network
near sources of intense electromagnetic port that located on the side of the camera. Then, the
radiation, such as radio or television camera also will be connect with necessary wiring
transmitters, or near fluorescent lamps or such as alarms and relays where applicable. The
light-reflecting objects, as well as under back plate will be install to support the camera.
unstable light sources that could cause Lastly, to adjust the lens in a favorable direction, the
flickering. Moving on the the installation monitoring direction for the camera need to be
process. The first step is to confirm the adjusted.
exact location of the CCTV camera must
also be in accordance with the approved
CCTV Installation layout design, and it
must be coordinated on site to ensure
future maintenance access.

21

WONDERING WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS ?

22

BENEFITS

01
02
03
04

PROBLEMS

01
02
03
04

23

FUNCTION, CONNECTION AND POSITION FUNCTION

CONNCETIONVarious of function been offered by the Closed-Circuit Television system in our
proposed home. First, function well in dark with night vision mode. Despite just
can see during the day this CCTVV also can work properly during the night in
low light condition. Infrared night vision, which relies on infrared light, is used by
security cameras. The infrared (IR) light it emits is absolutely invisible to the
human eye. A focus of infrared light shines on the camera, allowing these
gadgets to capture photographs and video and see in complete darkness. .
Next, access footage from anywhere. Compare to traditional CCTV, our new
CCTV able to adapt new function that able to access the footage or live
streaming the camera from anywhere using smartphone as long the internet
connection is stable. Lastly, motion detection notification. Motion detection is a
critical component of our home's security. It warns us when someone who is
recognized or not recognized is in the range of our property.

a) Wired
Video and audio signals are sent to a central hub by wired security
cameras. Either the video is stored locally on the hub for later
viewing or it is transferred to a network outside the house. There are
options for both live and on-demand viewing on the network.

b) Wireless
Using Wi-Fi, wireless security camera systems transmit footage from
cameras throughout the house. The transmission is carried out
entirely through the use of wireless technology. Footage is uploaded
to a cloud server after Wi-Fi has picked up the signal and may be
viewed in real time or archived for future use. It is possible to store a
limited amount of footage on an onboard micro SD card in a camera.

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PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM

01
02
03
04

25

PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM

01
02
03
04

SPACE IMPLICATION SPACE IMPLICATION AND REGULATIONS

The installation of Close-Circuit Television does not require too much spaces to attach REGULATIONS
the camera but it does need specific area where the camera can be monetize. There
are several places that highly recommended to install the CCTV. First, at the front
door. This may come as a surprise, but the International Association of Certified Home
Inspectors found that 34% of burglars entered through the front door. Second, at the
back and side doors. Doors that are hidden from view allow people to enter, whether
or not they've been invited in the first place. Studies shows that 22% of break-ins
happen through the back. Third, at the garage and driveway. One of the weakest
spots in a home is the garage, making it a popular target for burglars. A garage or
driveway camera will able to keeps an eye on bikes, tools, grills, sports equipment,
and cars, as well as anyone who may be handling these items. Fourth, at the main
stairway or hallway. Cameras should be placed throughout our home in order to make
it tough for an intruder to get around undetected. Anyone who enters the house
through an unmonitored area like a restroom or bedroom will still be captured on
video as they walk around the property.

There are a wide variety of home CCTV systems on the market. If we do decide to
use one, we must do so in a way that respects the privacy of others. There is no need
for us to comply with data protection rules if our system is set up to only take pictures
within the boundaries of our private domestic property. Nevertheless, if our system
happens to catch photographs of persons outside the boundaries of our private
domestic property, for example, in our neighbor's home or garden or in common
spaces or on a public pathway or roadway. With the advent of GDPR and the Data
Protection Act 2018, we'll have to make sure our use of CCTV complies with these
regulations. Data protection laws are what they're called in this document. Whatever
the case may be with regard to data protection, it is recommended that we utilise
CCTV in a responsible manner in order to preserve the privacy of others.

26



SMART HOME ELEVATOR APPLICATION

As we commonly see in commercial buildings,
elevator is an indoor vertical transport
which helps its users to move from one floor
level to another floor levels and also it helps
to transport heavy goods with ease. The
same concept applied to the home elevator
system but there is a slight differences
between both commercial elevator and home
elevator in terms of the limit capacity, design
and the cost. Originally, the home elevator
system is usually used in a luxury multi-
storey home compare to an ordinary multi-
storey home as the cost of installation for
home elevator is costly. However, for a multi-
storey smart home concept, home elevator is
reasonable to be installed as a transport
rather than using staircase because it will
reduce the usage of floor area of the
house with its vertical miniature design.

Moving on, a smart home elevator is a concept of intelligent system by controlling the
home elevator system via voice command or devices such as tablet and smartphone
with an application which linked through a network connectivity. A smart home
elevator system helps to improved the safety and security feature as it can be
programmed by the users to only recognised their households as compare to the
ordinary home elevator which can be accessed by any user. There is an innovation of
home elevator with these safety features as the elevator need to be triggered by the
users access keycard before going to the desired floor level. However, it is not
reasonable for the households to carry an access keycard whenever they wanted to
use their home elevator as these innovation is only suitable for offices buildings. For
that reason, a smart home elevator which can be managed through a device and
can be controlled with voice command is more relevant to be proposed for a
multi-storey smart home. Other than that, these innovations of smart home elevator
can also track its performance or functionality and it will updated to their user whether
the elevator needed a maintenance.

27

SYSTEM

Aritco a home elevator manufacture
company from Sweden has introduced
their first smart home elevator with a
screw and nut drive system which can
be connected via a smartphone called
Aritco HomeLift. The Aritco HomeLift are
connected through Aritco SmartLift
application which can be downloaded by
the user from google play store. The users
may use this application to configure,
explore on the elevator function status,
customize their desired colours and
brightness of the lighting system for their
smart home elevator such as shaft light,
wall light and many more.

Other than that, Aritco Smart HomeLift also consist of various smart safety features and
one of it is the elevator can detect their users at a distance by motion sensor and the
elevator door will be automatically open or stop if there is any obstacles detected in front.
Besides, the elevator can be managed through smart control panel whether the users
wanted to lock their elevator preventing it from being used by others. Plus, Aritco has
provided a backup energy management for their smart home elevator by using batteries to
power up the elevator in the case of power supply breakdown allowing the users to go the
nearest floor. Lastly, Aritco has equipped their smart home elevator with an alarm button
which is connected with an auto dialler as the users may use for an emergency situations.
Astonishingly, the Aritco HomeLift is operated via a smart control panel feature called
“Steering Wheel”. The users will only need to turn the steering wheel smart control in order
to operate the Aritco HomeLift. These improved features of operating an elevator managed
to provide a modern and slick design of a smart home elevator as usually the operating
system of an home elevator is by pressing a key switch controls button.

28

INSTALLATION PROCESS

There are two methods of installation for the Aritco
HomeLift which is by directly installed the
elevator on the floor or by recessed installation
method. The method of installation for the elevator
depend on the users desire or structure design of
the home itself. If the user wanted to directly
installed their elevator on the floor, there will be a
slight differences in terms of the elevator height as
the elevator carrier will be directly put in place to
the floor which will give an extra 50mm height to
elevator. Hence, it is recommend by the installer
that a 50mm ramp up shall be installed together as
to levelled the floor level with the elevator door and
directly provide a clean design. However, the ramp
shall not be installed if conducting a recessed
installation method as the elevator carrier will be
attached 37mm deep below the floor level.

Moving on, after deciding on which method to be
used for the installation, the main components of
the elevator will be put together which is the
elevator carrier, L-Shaped platform and its driving
system will be attached to the back surface of the
platform wall together with its control panel. The
installation of Aritco HomeLift is not as complex as
other home elevators because Aritco HomeLift does
not consist of headroom and machine room as their
elevator system is a screw and nut drive system
which is installed at the back of the platform wall.

After all of the elevator structure components has
been put together and fixed to its location, the next
installation will be for the finishes components. such
as glass wall panels and elevator door together with
its frame and call button, lighting system for the
elevator shaft and wall, top ceiling covering,
backside covering and any necessary coverings
desired by the user as the Aritco HomeLift is
customiseable. The installation sequence for the
main component and finishes component will be
according to their installation manual.

29

BENEFITS

01

02
03
04

30

PROBLEMS

01
02

31

FUNCTIONS, CONNECTIONS AND POSITIONS

32

33

34

PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM

Flat Cable Drive Nut Screw and Nut Drive System
Safety Nut

Motor Drive Screw

The proposed elevator used a screw and nut driving system for their operation method. In
order for the elFelavtatCoarbtloe move vertically up and down, the elevator motor located at the
back surfaces of platform wall will create a movement to the flat cable once the control
system has been triggered and this will lead to the movement of the elevator platform by
the rotation of the drive nut around the drive screw. As the drive nut has been rotated by
the motor, an automatic lubrication will flow around the drive screw to provide a smooth
operation as the lubricant oil is used to reduce friction between the drive nut and drive
screw during the operation. Furthermore, the drive screw inclination act as a brake system
for the elevator as the threaded drive screw design gives a natural brake to the elevator
once the rotation of the drive nut stopped. These brake mechanism also can be activated
by pressing the emergency stop button on the control panel for an emergency situations.

Motor

The elevator nut drive system will be installed behind
the L-Shaped platform wall which will lift the elevator
platform upwards as the drive nut rotated around the
drive screw.

35

SPACE SPACE IMPLICATION AND REGULATIONS IMPLICATION

The proposed home elevator will not take a large
floor area of the house as compare to an ordinary
home elevator because it is designed to provide a
better room organization and space saving even for
a compacted house. This can be achieved by using
a screw and nut drive system for the elevator as
this driving system will not required an extra space
for the headroom and machine room. The location of
the elevator will be determined by the user desire
and the architectural design of the house. Thus, It
is usually installed at the corner of the house or next
to a staircase by fixing the backside covering of the
elevator to wall structure.

REGULATIONS European Safety Standard EN81-41

The proposed elevator is manufactured in
Sweden and for that reason the manufacturing
procedure will need to comply with the European
Standards of Safety regulations which is the
European Safety Standards EN81-41. Other than
that, the installation method, maintenance works
and emergency operation for the proposed
elevator is also act in accordance to these safety
standards. The latest Safety Standards EN81-41
was published in 2010 by the British Standards
Institution. It is compulsory to comply to These
Safety Standards comprise as it provide a detail
explanation for every procedure of platform lift.
It will help to prevent any incident or failure of
the system which leads to a hazardous situation
to occur. However, the elevator driving system is
not covered by these safety standard, thus it be
assessed separately.

36



Telecommunication System

APPLICATION

Telecommunication is the transmission of a message across a long distance in order
to communicate. The use of electrical equipment such as telegraphs, telephones,
and teletypes, radio, microwave transmission, fibre optics, and other associated
electronics, as well as the usage of orbiting satellites and computer networks and
the internet, are all examples of telecommunication uses today. Telecommunication
system can also be defined as a system that aids in the transmission of messages in
a timely and efficient manner. It must be well-organized, long-lasting, adaptable,
and simple to maintain for the end user.

Cabling systems used for telephone communications have a range of other
applications, such as fire alarms, security alarms, computer networking, and
teleprinters. The voltage and current are extremely low, and they are not directly
linked to a building's main power supply. For safety and to avoid interference,
telecommunications and mains cabling should be separated in discrete conduits and
trunking.

As a result, we
actualize the domestic

air conditioning and
other smart appliances

network by
interconnecting power

fibre optic networks
through the building of

an interior
communication
network in the family.

Furthermore, we achieve domestic appliances automatically collecting electrical
information, analysis, and management; and home appliances achieve economic
operation and energy control through intelligent interactive terminals, smart
sockets, smart appliances, and so on.

Besides, we discovered that the system can remotely control home and other
services via the telephone, cell phone, Internet, and other means, while also
achieving smoke detection, gas leak detection, anti-theft, emergency assistance,
and other home security functions via intelligent interactive terminals, and carrying
out automatic collection and information management of water metres, gas metres,
and support and property management centre cell master network.

37

The 3 parts of a smart home communication SMART HOME
system are the external network, COMMUNICATION
gateway, and internal network.
SYSTEM
A cell LAN, cable television networks,
telephone networks, and the Internet are
examples of external networks that use
more mature technologies.

Intranets are used to link
numerous domestic appliances
inside a family, as well as
equipment and LANs. Due to
the wide variety of connected
devices, the network took on a
variety of shapes.

According to their functions,
home networks are split into 3
categories: control networks
for regulating functions, data
networks for exchanging data
messages, and multimedia
networks for sending audio
and video.

The home gateway is a network connecting device that links the home intranet to the extranet and
provides the extranet with the control function of linking devices in the house. At the same time, the home
gateway enables the house to use various networking technologies. Gateways provide bridging
capabilities for various communication subnets, allowing networked devices in each subnet to connect
with one another.

The smart home system is a type of control system
that uses a single-chip computer to access and
operate home equipment through the phone and the
internet. To accomplish safety monitoring network,
the intelligent home network control system uses
data collection, command control, and TCP/IP
protocol modules. Command control is separated
into 3 modes:
1) Telephone remote control
2) Network remote control
3) On-site operation

38

1) Before getting started, consider 4) Connect the other end of the
where will the router be placed. The Ethernet wire from the WAN port to
easiest technique to ensure the Ethernet port on the back of the
excellent coverage is to choose an modem.
open place in the middle of the - Ascertain that the modem is turned
house. on and that you are prepared to
connect to the internet. The router
2) Additionally, stay away from should then be plugged into a power
heavy metal, glass, brick, or socket and turned on.
concrete objects. Wi-Fi mesh
solutions address this problem by 5) Most mesh Wi-Fi systems, as well as
allowing an aesthetically designed some of the most recent regular
node to be put wherever coverage wireless routers, might well be set
is the most lacking. entirely from a smartphone, as
previously stated.
3) Connect the router to the modem - Manufacturers will each have their
to begin this process. An Ethernet own setup app, so check the router's
cable will be required, which will be quick-start instructions to be sure
inserted into the router's WAN you're downloading the correct one.
(wide-area network) port.
- This port may change slightly from 6) Upon configuring the wireless
router to router, but it will almost routers, the user may choose a smart
always have a different colour than hub, smart plugs, and smart lighting,
the other ports and labelled as as well as create a secure shelter with
"WAN," "Internet," or something an Integrated Security System.
similar.
39

BENEFITS & PROBLEMS:
WIRELESS NETWORK

Benefits: Problems:
1) Convenience: Multiple users can
connect to a wireless network at the 1) Security: Wireless networks may opt to
same time. Connections can be created use one of the many encryption
using the router or a hotspot technology
in a matter of seconds without any technologies available to mitigate this
issue.
configurations.
2) Reliability: Wireless networking
2) Mobility: Users can now access the signals, like any other radio frequency
internet even when they are not in their transmission, are vulnerable to a wide
usual work setting, thanks to the rise of
range of interference as well as
public wireless networks. sophisticated propagation effects that
are beyond the network administrator's
3) Cost: Wireless networking hardware
is just somewhat more expensive than control.
cable networking hardware. The cost
and labour reductions associated with 3) Speed: Most wireless networks
running physical wires nearly always (usually 1-54 Mbps) are far slower than

offset this possible rise in cost. even the slowest wired networks
(100Mbps up to several Gbps).

40

The smart home telecommunication service ITS FUNCTIONS
system is a platform for monitoring, analysing, INCLUDING
and managing residential users' power usage, as
well as an important means of attaining orderly CONNECTIONS &
electricity management and intelligent energy POSITIONS
efficiency services.

A main station system, a communication channel,
a home intelligent interactive terminal, and a
smart electric device are the essential
components of a smart home electrical service
system: -

1. The main station system consists of data base 2. A communication channel is divided into long-
server, application server, front-end machine, distance communication network and local
router, security equipment and so on. communication network.

Remote communication using public
network communications, local
communications network employing
optical fibre composite cable, power
line broad band communications, and
wireless communications.

3. A home intelligent interactive
terminal is the core part of the smart
home system in which it is the main
station and user contact centre and
also a smart electrical equipment
control centre.

4. An intelligent electrical equipment
includes smart appliances, security
equipment and so on. Since smart
appliances are not yet widely utilised,
intelligent outlets can be used to
operate non-smart appliances and
collect electric data.

41