Essential Orthopedics and Trauma 5th Ed

Index

social considerations, femoral Steinmann pins, 123, 124 surgical treatments, 78–90
fractures, 88–90, 239–240 stenosis, spinal, 456–457 sutures
sternoclavicular dislocation, 192
social services, 75, 88, 90 sternomastoid, torticollis, 363–364 finger crush injuries, 226
soft tissue injuries sternum, fractures, 104, 173 nerve injuries, 141–142
steroids, 76–77 skin injuries, 139, 140
forearm, 212–213 symphyses, 34, 35, 471
hand, 221–222, 226–227 causing bone necrosis, 307–308 synchondroses, 34, 35
management methods, 139–143 causing osteoporosis, 321 syndesmoses, 34, 35
management principles, 93, 94, golfer’s elbow, 372 synovectomy, 84, 304, 412
intra-articular, 78, 298 synovial chondromatosis, 307
98, 104, 109–114 median nerve compression, 388 synovial fluid, 46, 64, 381
see also blood vessels injuries; osteoarthritis, 298 synovial irritation
supraspinatus tendinitis, 368, osteoarthritis, 294, 297, 298
muscle; nerves; skin rheumatoid arthritis, 301
Spanish windlass, 124, 125 373 synovial joints, 33–34
spasm, blood vessels, 109 tennis elbow, 371 synovial sarcoma, 336, 342–343
spastic, definition, 470 sticks, walking, 71, 72 synovial shelf syndrome (plica),
spina bifida, 356–357, 443, 460, 462 Still’s disease, 303
spinal cord stomach rupture, 175 423–424
straight leg raising, 17, 452 synovitis, 306, 307, 309, 405
congenital anomalies, 356–357 straining, 13–14 syphilis, of bone, 316
paraplegia, 162–164, 165 strapping, broken ribs, 167–168
spinal supports, 73–74, 75 stress fractures see fatigue fractures T
spine see cervical spine; stress radiographs, 58
lumbar spine; stress risers, 46–47, 133, 397 talipes calcaneovalgus, 31, 351, 353
thoracic spine stressing, 13–14 talipes equinovarus, 31, 351,
spiral fractures, 98, 99 ankle, 31
fibula, 264 fingers, 23 352–353
forefoot, 279–280 hip, 25 talonavicular bar, 434
humeral shaft, 199, 200 knee, 28–29 talus
tibia, 267–268 patellofemoral joint, 30
spleen, rupture, 175 shoulder, 19 aseptic necrosis, 430–431
splints, 126, 127 spine, 15, 16 congenital vertical, 353
developmental dysplasia of the ‘springing’ the pelvis, 23, 24 fractures, 106, 107, 276, 430
‘springing’ the ribs, 17, 18 osteochondritis dissecans, 430,
hip, 355 subdural haemorrhage, 151
hand injuries, 236–237 subluxed joints, 107, 108, 204 431
spondylo-, definition, 470 subtalar joint, 30–31, 34, 432, 468 tarsal fractures, 277, 278
spondylolisthesis, 16, 286, 351, subtrochanteric fractures, 246, 248, tarsal tunnel syndrome, 431–432
tarsometatarsal joints, 31
457–458, 459 281 technetium-99m, 60, 61–62, 67,
spondylolysis, 457–458 subungual exostosis, 440
spondylosis Sudeck’s atrophy, 107, 215, 309 402
sulfasalazine, 76–77, 304 Teflon (PTFE) implants, 48
cervical, 14, 389, 390, 446 superior labrum anterior posterior temperature, brain injury and, 150
lumbar, 455–456 tendinitis, 286, 367–368, 373, 433
sponges, bone grafting, 81 (SLAP) lesions, 367 tendons, 40
spontaneous osteonecrosis, 308, 419 supination, definition, 471
sports injuries, 283–290, 371–372, supraspinatus tendon displacement in rheumatoid
arthritis, 377, 378
424 avulsion of the greater tuberosity,
sports medicine, 5, 283, 284 197 hand, 215, 222–226, 236, 380–
382, 390–391
see also sports injuries clinical examination, 18, 19
sportswear, 289–290 rupture, 196, 368–369 operations on, 78–79, 368
spotted bones, 323, 326 tendinitis, 367–368, 373 rupture of Achilles, 273–276, 433
sprained ankle, 272 supraspinous ligament rupture, 153 rupture of biceps, 369–370
Sprengel’s shoulder, 448 surface lubrication, 46, 47 rupture of patellar, 255
‘springing’ surgical appliances, 72–75 rupture of quadriceps, 255
see also braces; prostheses; Sever’s disease, 433
pelvis, 23, 24 sports injuries, 286, 289,
ribs, 17, 18 splints
stab wounds, abdominal, 175 surgical emphysema, 171 371–372
stable fractures, 100, 102 subluxation of peroneal, 433
stainless steel implants, 48 supraspinatus rupture, 196,
Stanmore hinge total knee
368–369
replacement, 411

488

Index

supraspinatus tendinitis, 367– at ankle, 269, 272–273 management principles, 93–114
368, 373 compartment syndromes and, paraplegia, 154, 158, 161, 162–

toe-walkers, 350–351 113, 114, 266–267 164, 165
tennis elbow, 290, 371–372 CT 3D reconstruction, 59 role of orthopaedic surgery, 5, 6
tenodesis, 79 external fixation, 132, 267, 268 sports injuries, 283–290, 371–
tenolysis, 78–79 fatigue, 286, 288
tenosynovitis, 20, 380, 433 loss of position, 128 372, 424
tenotomes, 471 osteoarthritis, 106 thoracic spine, 158–161
tenotomy, 78 osteomalacia, 322 trunk, 167–184
tension band wiring, 135 of the plateau, 258, 259–261 upper limb, 185–220
plates, 133, 134 traumatic asphyxia, 174–175
olecranon fracture, 206, 208–209 tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, 425 traumatic chondromalacia, 106–107
tension pneumothorax, 171, 172 tibiofibular anatomy, 33, 34, 35 treatment methods, 69–90
thalassaemia, 308 titanium implants, 48 appliances, 72–75
thenar space, infection, 384 TKR see knee, total replacement case reports, 88–90, 142–143,
thermography, 62–63 toe-walkers, 350–351
thigh circumference measurement, toenail problems, 435–436, 440 165
toes community services, 75–76, 88,
27 arthrodesis, 298, 437, 439
Thomas, Evan, 4 bunions, 439–440 90
Thomas, Hugh Owen, 4, 5, 124 cast complications, 137 drugs, 76–78
Thomas splint, 124–125, 126 clinical examination, 13, 31 operative, 78–90
Thomas test, 25, 26 congenital deformities, 359–360, physical therapy, 69–70, 88, 90
Thompson prosthesis, 244, 245 selection, 10, 11
thoracic outlet, 389–390 440 traumatic injuries see trauma
thoracic spine, 15, 158–161 dislocation, 440 walking aids, 70–72
hallux rigidus, 436–437 ‘ Tree of Andry’, 3, 4
clinical examination, 15–16 hallux valgus, 437–439, 440 Trendelenburg gait, 26
Scheuermann’s disease, 15, 331 ingrowing nails, 435–436 Trendelenburg test, 25, 26, 355, 356
scoliosis, 361–362 onychogryphosis, 436 triage, 120, 121
thoracic surgeons, 6 phalangeal fractures, 280 triamcinolone, 78
THR see hip, total replacement rheumatoid arthritis, 442 trigger finger, 380–381, 390
threaded pins, 123–124 subungual exostosis, 440 trigger thumb, 381
thrombosis, 77–78 tomograms, 56, 58 triquetral fractures, 229
thumb see also computed tomography trochanteric bursitis, 405
clinical examination, 13, 21, 22 torticollis, 363–364, 447 trochanteric fractures, 245–246,
Colles’ fracture and, 215 tourniquets, 115–116
congenital deformities, 359 traction, 123–126, 136–137, 142, 247–248
flexor tendon injuries, 223 trunk injuries, 167–184
metacarpophalangeal 143 tuberculosis, 315, 316, 405, 463
cervical spine fractures, 155, 156 tumours, bone, 335–345, 462–463
dislocations, 232 femoral fractures, 125, 131, 142,
naming of the digits, 21 U
opposition, 469 143, 250–251
traumatic amputation, 236 fractures at elbow, 202, 204 ulna
trigger, 381 transient synovitis, hip, 405 Colles’ fracture malunion and,
thyroid hormone, 317 transplantation, immunology, 216
tibia deviation, 21
Blount’s disease, 349 53–54 fractures, 206–212, 216–217
chondromyxoid fibroma, 340 transverse fractures, 98, 99, 267 see also olecranon
fractures see tibial fractures trauma
in-toe gait, 350 ulnar nerve
Osgood–Schlatter disease, cervical spine, 152–158 anatomy, 42, 43, 222
facial, 145–147 compression, 387
328–330 hand, 221–238 injuries, 43, 44, 202, 221–222
osteoarthritis of knee, 406, 407 head, 147–152
osteochondroma, 340, 344–345 immediate care, 115–119, 267 undisplaced fractures, 100, 102
osteogenic sarcoma, 342 litigation and, 10, 106 femoral neck, 241, 242, 243
osteoid osteoma, 338, 339 lower limb, 239–281
osteotomy, 407 lumbar spine, 161–162, 165 upper limb, 185–220
pseudarthrosis, 364 major incidents, 119–122 artificial, 73
tibial fractures, 265–268 management methods, 123–143 brachial plexus lesions, 43, 44,
185–187
cast complications, 137, 138–139

489

Index

clavicular injuries, 19, 187–192 vancomycin, 77 whitlows, 383
clinical examination, 12–13 varus deformities wires, fracture fixation, 135, 206,
compartment syndrome, 201,
definition, 471 208–209, 469
212–213 femoral fractures, 254 Wolff ’s law, 45
compartments, 39 at knee, 27, 348–349, 406, 407, wound debridement, 139–140, 141
congenital deformity, 360 wound healing see healing
crush injuries, 212–213 410 wrist
dermatomes, 40, 41, 389 vascular osteochondritides, 326–
flexor tendon injuries, 224 arthrodesis, 84, 376
humeral fractures see humerus, 328, 329–330, 386, 432–433 arthrogryposis multiplex
venous injuries, management, 142
fractures venous thrombosis, 77–78 congenita, 363
lateral cutaneous nerve, 389 ventral, definition, 471 Barton’s fracture, 217
muscle group separation in vertebral fractures clinical examination, 20–21
epiphyseal separations, 218,
fractures, 38 arterial damage, 104, 155
olecranon fractures, 81, 135, 206, cervical spine, 152, 153, 154, 220
ganglia, 381
208–209 155–157 Kienböck’s disease, 328, 330,
osteoarthritis, 296, 370, 372–373 CT 3D reconstruction, 59
peripheral nerves, 42, 43, 44 lumbar spine, 162, 163, 165, 320 386
prostheses, 73 osteomalacia, 321 osteoarthritis, 377–378
radial fractures, 52, 206–211, thoracic spine, 159–161 rheumatoid arthritis, 302, 304,
vertebral slipping see
212, 213–217 305, 375–376
replantation, 142 spondylolisthesis scaphoid fractures, 228
scapular fractures, 192 vitamins, bone growth, 317–318, Smith’s fracture, 217
shoulder dislocation, 3, 17, 18, ulnar nerve compression at,
321
108, 192–196, 365–367 volar, definition, 471 387
slings, 130, 131, 189–190 Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture, wry-neck (torticollis), 363–364,
ulnar fractures, 206–212,
201, 203 447
216–217 von Recklinghausen’s disease of
urea, preoperative estimation, 64 X
urethral injury, 180 bone, 322, 324
uric acid estimation, 64 X-rays see radiographic investigations
W xenografts
V
walking, gait see gait bone, 81
valgus deformities walking aids, 70–72, 297, 304 skin, 140
definition, 471 Walldius total knee replacement,
femoral fractures, 243, 254 Z
at knee, 27, 348–349, 407–408, 411
410 web space infections, 383 Z-plasty, 87, 88
weight-relieving appliances, 72, 74 zygoma, 145, 146
wet lung see shock lung
whiplash injuries, 14, 157–158

490