Mohan Bansal - Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat (2013)

636 (Hint: Portex tracheostomy tube does not have separate inner 41. A 6-year old child presents with sore-throat and fever of 2
cannula). days duration. Microbiology of throat swab reveals small,
37. During microlaryngoscopy CO2 laser surgery an ignition of translucent beta-hemolytic colonies sensitive to in-vitro
the endotracheal tube is seen. What will be your immediate bacitracin. Past history revealed severe allergic reaction to
step?37 amoxicillin. Infection is not that serious and does not need
38. An unknown microorganism from a very ill patient is isolated. parenteral antibiotic. Which antibiotic you think would be safe
The microorganism has all the features of aerobic filamentous and effective?41
fungus except that the ribosomes are prokaryotic. Which
antibiotic would most likely be successful?38 42. An immunocompromised patient with severe aspergillosis is
39. A 5-year old child is afebrile but weak and exhausted from hospitalized. He is suffering from invasive fungal sinusitis.
a week of paroxysmal coughing with inspiratory whoops, He has been administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
frequently associated with vomiting. The parents admit drugs (NSAIDs), antihistamines, and adrenal corticoids.
that childhood vaccinations were not given. Blood samples Now  which parenteral antifungal agent you would like to
reveals lymphocytosis of 44,000/mm3. What is your most likely start?42
diagnosis?39
40. An 85-year old male patient is admitted in the hospital with 43. A pregnant lady comes to you with community-acquired
an infection. He has creatinine clearance of 25 ml/min. Which pneumonia. The usual pathogens responsible include
antibiotic is safe and would not need dose adjustment?40 pneumococci, Gram-negative rods, and atypicals (Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae). Which one
antibiotic would be safe and effective?43

Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat Miscellaneous Key Points

The following important points for quick revision are prepared for 10. Cervical spinal cord lesion: It might affect the descending
answering frequently asked MCQs, short answer questions and oral/ hypothalamic fibers, which control all preganglionic sympathetic
viva questions. neurons and result in Horner syndrome.
1. Abducent: CN VI has the longest intracranial course. Dorello’s
11. CHARGE syndrome: It consists of Coloboma, Heart defects,
canal transmits abducent nerve. choanal Atresia, Retarded growth, Genital hypoplasia and Ear
2. Accessory nerve: It innervates sternocleidomastoid and anomalies.

trapezius. On the lesion of CN IX, patient cannot turn head 12. Chordoma: It arises from the remnants of notochord.
to the opposite side and has difficulty raising ipsilateral arm Characteristic histological features include physaliferous cells
above the head to comb hair. (foamy cells with compressed nuclei).
3. Adenohypophysis: This anterior lobe of pituitary gland is
derived from an outgrowth of oral ectoderm called Rathke’s 13. Cleft and craniofacial anomalies: The care of these patients
pouch. needs many medical and surgical subspecialties and requires a
4. Apical lung tumor: It can manifest into Horner syndrome team management.
because of the compression of the structures that pass through a. Initial management: The children need a secure airway and
the scalene interval and cross the first rib. Preganglionic adequate nutrition.
sympathetic axons leave the spinal cord in the T1 ventral ramus
and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion and innervate 14. Cleft lip: Maxillary prominence fails to fuse with intermaxillary
the face, scalp, and orbit. segment.
5. Arnold-Chiari malformation: Cerebellar tonsils project into
the vertebral canal through the foramen magnum. 15. Cleft palate: Eustachian tube dysfunction can cause
6. Asthmatic bronchitis: Asthmatic patients, frequently, have persistent otitis media with effusion and recurrent acute
allergy to aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid). otitis media.
7. Ataxic gait: The most common cause is chronic alcohol abuse,
which preferentially affects Purkinje cells of anterior vermis of 16. CN V1: The ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve carries
cerebellum that control proximal musculature. sensory fibers from cornea (sensory limb of corneal reflex),
8. Brook’s tumor: It is of basal cell origin. bridge of nose, forehead, and scalp (anterior to mid coronal
9. Caroticotympanic artery: It is a branch of internal carotid plane). The lesion of CN V1 will result in ipsilateral loss of
artery, which anastomoses with branches of external carotid corneal reflex and forehead sensations. On stimulation of
system in the middle ear. opposite side of cornea with a wisp of cotton, both eyes
blink.

17. Contraindications for biopsy: They include nasopharyngeal
angiofibroma, glomus tumor of the middle ear, carotid body
tumor of the neck and benign parapharyngeal tumors.

37 Remove endotracheal tube and reestablish the airway
38 Tetracycline
39 Whooping cough (pertussis)
40 Erythromycin
41 Azithromycin
42 Amphotericin B
43 Azithromycin

18. Costen’s syndrome: This disorder of temporomandibular gaze and nystagmus of the abducting or normal eye. Patient 637
joint, which is due to defective bite, is characterized by otalgia, can look straight ahead with both eyes. Convergence remains
feeling of blocked ear, tinnitus and sometimes vertigo. The ear intact as the oculomotor nerve is normal. Appendix
pain radiates to frontal, parietal and occipital region. 33. Jugular foramen syndrome: It is caused by a tumor, which
compresses contents that are passing through the jugular
19. Dalrymple’s sign: This is the retraction of upper eyelid foramen. It consists of paralysis of CN IX, X and XI, which pass
showing sclera above the cornea and is present in Grave’s through the jugular foramen along with the internal jugular
disease hyperthyroidism. vein. It can be seen in patients of malignancy nasopharynx,
glomus jugular, large acoustic neuroma or thrombophlebitis
20. DiGeorge sequence: The absence of thymus (few T cells of jugular bulb. The syndrome consists of following features:
in the paracortex of lymph nodes) and parathyroid glands a. Reduction in the parotid gland secretion is the autonomic
(hypocalcemia) results from the improper development of the
third and fourth pharyngeal pouches. Young girls get repeated deficit.
episodes of viral and fungal infections. b. Axonal lesions result in retrograde chromatolysis (changes

21. Dysmetria: It is an inability to stop a movement at the proper in the neuronal cell bodies) in the nucleus ambiguus.
place. c. Loss of gag reflex
d. Uvula deviated towards the opposite side of the lesion.
22. Epidural (extradural) hematoma: The middle meningeal 34. Kinesin: Defects in the production of kinesin (ATPase motor
artery that enters the cranium through the foramen protein) might result in an inability of axons to transport
spinosum is usually lacerated in lateral skull trauma. The initial substances in the anterograde direction.
examination is normal but later in the day patient becomes 35. “Locked in” syndrome: It occurs in elderly people due to the
lethargic and drowsy. The hematoma displaces the temporal occlusion of basilar artery in the caudal pons. It has following
lobe and results into contralateral Babinski sign and brisker lesions and features:
patellar tendon reflex. a. Bilateral abducens and horizontal gaze centers: Patient can

23. Extraocular muscles: The oblique muscles are tested by only move eyes vertically and is able to blink bilaterally.
requesting the patient to adduct the eye first, then look up (for Patient can read and understand speech and remains aware
testing inferior oblique) or down (for testing superior oblique). of surroundings. Patient responds by blinking as s/he has
The superior and inferior rectus muscles are tested by asking quadriplegia.
the patient to abduct the eye first then look up and down b. Bilateral corticobulbar fibers to nucleus ambiguus and
respectively. hypoglossal nuclei: Patient becomes unable to speak and
swallow.
24. Facial plastic surgery: Good results depend on two factors: c. Bilateral corticospinal tracts: Patient becomes tetraplegic
(1) reasonable patient expectations, and (2) proper surgical (quadriplegia).
capability. 36. Marcus Gunn pupil: When light is put on the blind eye, the
a. Rhinoplasty: The success depends mainly on the esthetic pupils of both eyes remain dilated. But when the light is put
liking of the patient. on the normal eye, pupils of both eyes constrict. It happens
b. Blepharoplasty: Preoperative basic ophthalmologic exami- due to the consensual pupillary light reflex because the
nation is must including visual acuity, visual fields and dry efferent pathway on diseased side is normal. This interruption
eyes. of afferent papillary pathway occurs in retrobulbar neuritis or
c. Rhytidectomy: It can correct wrinkling in only the lower optic nerve lesions (such as injury to the optic nerve during
two-third of the face and the neckline. endoscopic sinus surgery).
37. Mesencephalic nucleus of CN V: Lesion results in a loss of
25. First pharyngeal arch: Mandible, malleus, and incus are touch sensations in the face. Facial sensations of pain and
derived from first pharyngeal arch. temperature remain intact and there is no jaw weakness.
38. Montogomerytube:This siliconT-tube is used in ENT procedure.
26. Glossopharyngeal nerve: It supplies to oropharynx 39. Muller’s muscles: These extraocular smooth muscles of
and stylopharyngeus muscle. It also carries preganglionic eyelids are supplied by sympathetic fibers. Its paralysis in
parasympathetic secretomotor axons and traverses the jugular Horner syndrome causes partial ptosis.
foramen. Its tympanic branch synapses in the otic ganglion 40. Nasogastric feeding: About 2,000 kcal can be given without
through the lesser petrosal nerve (arising from the tympanic any untoward side effect by nasogastric feeding.
plexus, which is formed by tympanic branch of CN IX), and 41. Neurohypophysis: Pituicytes, a form of glial cells, are found
provide innervation to the parotid gland. in neurohypophysis, which is the posterior lobe of pituitary
gland. They are present along with axons of supraoptic and
27. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia: The clinical features include paraventricular neurons, which are found in the hypothalamus.
paroxysmal attacks of pain that radiates in the area of tongue, 42. Nucleus solitarius in medulla: Most visceral sensation
tonsil and ear. The pain is precipitated by swallowing, talking other than pain such as taste sensations, chemoreceptor and
and even laughing and responds to carbamazepine. baroreceptor information from carotid sinus and carotid body
go to this nucleus through facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus
28. Hereditary lipid proteinosis: It most commonly involves nerves. Lesions of carotid body and carotid sinus result in
larynx. problems in self regulating blood pressure. The nuclei found
throuhout the length of the medulla are solitary nucleus and
29. Horizontal gaze: The frontal eye field lesion would result in spinal nucleus of CN V.
an inability to look towards contralateral side with both eyes. 43. Oligodendrocytes are derived from neuroectoderm.
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) lesion would result in 44. Palatal muscles: All the muscles of palate are supplied by
an inability to adduct the ipsilateral eye on the attempted gaze the vagal-accessory nerve except the tensor palati, which is
to opposite side. innervated by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.

30. Horner’s syndrome: It consists of partial ptosis, miosis
(constriction of pupil), anhidrosis and apparent enophthalmos.
It occurs due to an ipsilateral lesion of cervical sympathetic
chain or its central pathways.

31. Hypothyroidism: The ENT symptoms include hoarseness of
voice, nasal stuffiness, vertigo and hearing loss.

32. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: Medial longitudinal
fasciculus lesions present with weakness of adduction during

638 45. Parafollicular cells of thyroid: These cells are neural crest 52. Styloid process: All the three muscles arising form the styloid
cells that migrate into 4th pharyngeal pouch and present process have different nerve supplies: stylohyoid by facial
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat adjacent to thyroid follicles. nerve; styloglossus by hypoglossal nerve; and stylopharyngeus
by glossopharyngeal nerve.
46. Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome: The benign intestinal polyps
are associated with perinasal, perioral and buccal mucosal 53. Submucous cleft palate: The clinical features include bifid
pigmentation. uvula, notch in posterior border of hard palate, and deficient
palatal muscles.
47. Psammoma bodies: They are seen in the papillary carcinoma
of thyroid gland. 54. Third aortic arch: It gives rise to the common carotid arteries.
55. Tongue: All the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue are
48. Schaumann’s bodies: These are seen in sarcoid granuloma.
49. Schwann cells: They are derived from neural crest. supplied by the hypoglossal nerve except the palatoglossal,
50. Skin resurfacing which is innervated by vagal-accessory nerve.
56. Thyroglossal duct: The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid
a. Phenol: This chemical agent can be cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic gland, which may be seen in an infant as a small lump on
and nephrotoxic. Proper steps must be taken to avoid these the anterior aspect of thyroid cartilage near the midline, is a
toxicities. remnant of thyroglossal duct. The thyroid gland develops from
thyroglossal duct, which descends in the midline from the
b. Croton oil: It allows deeper penetration of the phenol. This apex (foramen cecum) of the sulcus terminalis in the tongue.
is an epidermolytic agent in the Baker Gordon phenol 57. Trigeminal nerve: CN V is the largest cranial nerve. Muscles
formula. supplied by trigeminal nerve include muscles of mastication
(masseter, temporalis, and medial and lateral pterygoids),
c. Carbon dioxide laser: A yellow chamois color indicates level mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor
of the reticular dermis. veli palatini.
58. Trigeminal neuralgia: Carbamazepine is the drug of
d. Dermabrasion infection: The most common organisms choice.
resulting in post laser, chemical peel, or dermabrasion
infection are streptococci, staphylococci, herpes simplex
virus and candidal species.

51. Sluder’s neuralgia: This neuralgia of sphenopalatine
ganglion presents with neuralgic pain in lower half of face,
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and increased lacrimation.

Index

Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, t refer to table and b refer to box respectively.

A canal 219t Adult
necrotising hemangiomas 488
Abductor otitis media 204 onset papilloma  488
laryngeal injections  500 ulcerative gingivitis  105, 381 structures derived from pharyngeal
spasmodic dysphonia  498 osteitis 218
Abnormally patent eustachian tube  133 otitis pouches and grooves  60t
Abscess of space of externa 188 supraglottitis 480
body of mandible  544 media  132, 198, 200, 201, 206, 221, Advanced bionics corporation  178, 179
mandible 545f Aero otitis media  205
Absolute bone conduction test  128, 141 224 Aerodynamic myoelastic theory of voice
Accidental trauma  261, 334 painful
gastroesophageal reflux disease  109 swelling 369 production 68
Acinic cell carcinoma  398 trismus 545, 546 Afferent and efferent connections of ves-
Acinous cell carcinoma  400 periostitis 218
Acne rosacea  280 pseudomembranous candidiasis  378 tibular nuclei  22
Acoustic retropharyngeal abscess  543 Agger nasi cells  38
neuroma  273, 277, 607 rhinosinusitis 304 Aggravating factors  252
reflex 145 stridor in children  476 visual vestibular conflict  252
neural pathways 145 suppurative sialadenitis  388 Agoraphobia 253
rhinometry 286 tonsillitis 429 Agranulocytosis  384, 425
therapies 135 vestibular neuritis  239 Aids indicator diseases  102
trauma 160 Acyclovir  100, 263 Air
Acquired for HSV  461 cells of temporal bone  12f
cholesteatoma 211 Adam’s apple  73 conduction hearing aid  174
syphilis 316 Adductor embolism 561
Actinic cheilitis 407 See also Leukoplakia lip laryngeal injections  500 Air-bone gap  153
Actinomyces israelii  132, 188 of vocal cord  71 Air-conditioning of inspired air  40
Actinomycosis  392, 522 spasmodic dysphonia  498 Airway
Acute Adenocarcinoma  359, 398, 464
bacterial rhinosinusitis  299, 310 of sinonasal tract  363 devices 593
cervical lymphadenitis  531 Adenoid
epiglottitis 483 cystic carcinoma  359, 363, 397, 400 difficulty 620
follicular tonsillitis and diphtheria  426t face  428, 429
fulminant fungal sinusitis  318 hypertrophy 429 obstruction 428
infections 294 Adenoids  52, 60, 533
inflammatory lesion with diffuse Adenolymphoma 396 AJCC cancer staging  445t, 451t
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor  363
glandular edema  391 Adenotonsillar disease  423 cervical esophagus  451t
invasive fungal sinusitis  317 Adenotonsillectomy  567, 588
laryngotracheobronchitis croup  478, 483 Adenovirus 94 UICC TNM classification of
leukemia 384 Adiadochokinesia 235
lymphadenitis 531f Aditus AD antrum  7 carcinoma of laryngopharynx  451t
mastoiditis 218 Adjustable flange long tube  592
and furuncle of external auditory Adjuvant chemotherapy  615 malignant tumors of

oropharynx 445t

Alae nasi movements  284

Alcohol  109, 502

abuse 620

Alerting devices  177

Alexander

aplasia 167

law for peripheral vestibular

nystagmus 232

law 232f

640 Alkaline Angiotensin-converting enzyme  315 sign 441
Nasal Angular cheilitis  105 Antrochoanal polyp  310
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat douche 318 Animal dander  327 Antrum
irrigation 314 Animals 323 irrigation with Hagginson’s syringe  562f
phosphatase 315 Ankyloglossia 375 puncture 561f, 585
reflux 502 Anosmia 286 instruments—lichtwitz trocar;
Alkaloids 374 Antenatal causes  172
Allergens  323, 325 Anterior cannula; higginson’s syringe  585f
Allergic Chemotherapy Anxiolytics 122
Fungal neoadjuvant chemotherapy 615 Aortic arch and left bronchus  578
rhinosinusitis 318 dislocation Aphonia 496
sinusitis 93, 307 caudal septal deviation  334 Aphthous ulcers  105, 425
rhinitis  304, 323 epistaxis 294 on nonkeratinized mucosa  382f
Allergy  109, 321 ethmoidal neuralgia  338 on uvula of soft palate  114f
and immunology  321 ethmoidectomy 560 Apnea-hypopnea index  434
salute 325 nasal packing  295 Aqueduct of cochlea  15
Alligator scissors and forceps  584 rhinoscopy  282, 284f, 302, 416 Aquino’s sign  277
Alport’s syndrome  172 examination of nasal cavity  281 Area ratio  28
Alternate cover test  251 surface of thyroid gland  78 hydraulic ratio  28
Alveoli and gingivae  44 to circumvallate papillae  45 Arecoline 374
Amalgam tattoo  385 tonsillar Argon laser  626, 630
Amantadine 95 pillar 446f Arjavay fracture  333
24-hours esophageal pH recording  420 pillar and soft palate  382f Armored tubes  592
Ameloblastic carcinoma  362 space 54 Arterial
Ameloblastoma  362, 402 triangle 73 dissection 133
American Joint Committee on Cancer  397t tympanic artery  13, 19 embolization 296
Aminoglycoside 89 wall fractures  342 ligation 296
antibiotics 160 Anteroinferior Articulation 496
ototoxicity 165 cerebellar artery  251 Artificial larynx  507
Aminopenicillins 87 tract 220 Arytenoid
Ammonia 288 Anteromedial surface of parotid gland  47f and vocal fold motions  471
Ampulla of semicircular duct  17f Anteroposterior view of neck  597 cartilages 62
Amyloid tumors  487 Antibiotic 85 Ascending auditory pathways, from below
Anaerobes 84 steroid ear drops  189
organisms and mixed infections  299 therapy  225, 541 upwards 21
rods 82 Antibodies to B. henselae 392 Asch’s
straight to helical rods  83 Anticholinergic agents  329 forceps 586f
Analgesics 122 nasal topical ipratropium bromide  329 septum forceps  343
Analog Antidepressants 122 Ashai technique  508
hearing aids  176 Antiepileptic drugs  249 Aspergillosis 189
hybrid and digital hearing aids  176 Antifungal Aspergillus
Anaphylaxis 322 agents 189 flavus 189
Anaplastic carcinoma  534 therapy 93 fumigatus 189
Anatomy and physiology of ear wax  190 Antihistamines  299, 327 niger 189
Anatomy and physiology of ear  1 and decongestant  205 species 318
Anatomy of Antihistaminics and oral decongestants  332 Aspiration
external ear  2 Anti-IgE antibody therapy  329 cytology 353
internal ear  13 Anti-koch therapy  391 of secretions  510
larynx 61 Antimicrobial Assessment
neck 72 agents 86 for difficult intubation  622
nose 30 resistance 85 of patient  with stridor  473
paranasal sinuses  37 Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody  312 Assistive
tracheobronchial tree  68 Anti-phagocytic bacterial structures  90 devices 174
Ancillary laboratory testing  170 Antipseudomonal antibiotics  191 listening devices and systems  177
Anemia 109 Antireflux therapy  460 ASSR study  147
and pallor  225 Antiretroviral Asthma  109, 335
Anesthesia 618 therapy 95 Asymptomatic HIV infection  102
Anesthetic gases and equipment  628 treatment 103 initial viremia  102
Aneurysm 522 Antiretrovirals 104t Asynergia 235
Anginosus-Milleri group  83 Antitubercular drugs  89 Atelectasis and adhesive otitis media  208
Streptococcus anginosus 83 Antivirals 95 Atherosclerosis 133
Streptococcus milleri 83 Antral Atlantoaxial dislocation  571
Angioedema 332 puncture 300 Atopy 322
Angiofibroma  309, 352, 353 or proof puncture  561 Atresia of
canal 20
external auditory canal  187

Atrophic laryngitis  481 B stuffiness 325 641
laryngitis sicca  481 parotid swelling  370
Atrophic or erythematous lichen b 2 transferrin  348 recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis  492 Index
Bacterial superior laryngeal nerve paralysis  492
planus 378 causes 302 vestibular loss  26
Atrophic rhinitis  309, 313, 318, 335 infections 426 vestibulitis 286
ozena  309, 313 labyrinthitis 158 vocal nodules  485f
Atrophic pharyngitis 423 Bill’s
stage 315 pneumonia 90 bar 267
tympanic membrane  192 tracheitis  478, 479 island 27
Attenuation values  598 Ballenger’s swivel knife  587 Bimanual palpation of
Attic compartments  10 Bannwarth’s syndrome  265 floor of mouth and submandibular
Atticoantral  209, 210 Barany noise box  582
CSOM or chronic OM with Barium region 369f
esophagography 418 oropharynx to assess tumor
cholesteatoma 210 suspension 420
type swallow  419f, 450, 452, 461, 464f, 598 fixation 445f
cholesteatoma 209 with fluoroscopy 462 Binaural amplification  176
dangerous 209 Barrett’s esophagus  460 Bing test  142
posterosuperior lesion 209 Bartonella henselae 392 Biopsy  132, 312, 313, 317, 377, 441, 536,
unsafe 209 Basal cell carcinoma  114f
Atypical of auricle  270 574, 587
facial pain  120 of external nose  292 Biphasic stridor  473
mycobacterium 84 of nasomaxillary skin  283f Biphenhydramine 327
Audiogram  133, 242 Basal cell Bite-appliance therapy  122
Ménière’s disease right ear  242f hyperpalsia theory  212 Black colored
of patient with nevus syndrome  362 nasal mass and discharge  359
ototoxicity 159f Base of tongue  53, 417 tongue 368f
presbycusis 163f Basilar Blakesley forceps  586
SSNHL 162f membrane 15 Bleeding
otosclerosis 153f migraine 249 polyp of nose  363
Audiology and acoustics  138 Bat ear  192 tendencies 109
Audiometric Battle’s sign  267 Bleomycin  616, 617
tests 139 Beahr’s triangle  79 Blepharospasm 266
zero 138 Bed of tonsil  54f, 55 Blom singer prosthesis  508
Audiometry 153 Behçet’s syndrome  383 Blood
Auditory Bell’s and nerve supplies of paranasal
aphasia 496 palsy  129, 261, 262, 267
word deafness 496 phenomenon 262f, 267 sinuses 39t
brainstem Benign culture 225
evoked potentials 146 lesions of posterior larynx  489 disorders 384
implant 182 lymphoepithelial lesion  391 dyscrasias 426
response or auditory nerve  146 neoplasms 463 pressure control  620
fatigue 147 minimal dysplasia  377 supply  13, 39
hallucination 133 paroxysmal positional vertigo  237, 246 and crypts of tonsil  55f
nerve 19 pigmented lesion buccal mucosa  384f and related laryngeal nerves  78
action potential 25 strictures 460 of labyrinth 19
neural pathways  20 swellings  447, 574 of lateral wall of nose  36f
oral communication  171 tumors  360t, 426 of nasal septum  36f
steady state response  147 of external ear  268 of nose 35
training 173 of larynx  484, 485t Blue
Augmentation rhinoplasty  297 of nasopharynx 436 drum 192
Aural syringe  582 of oral cavity  401 mantle 155
Auricle 2, 19 Benzodiazepines with clonazepam  249 Blunt probe  582
Auricular Bera severe hearing loss  146f Boerhaave’s syndrome  465
cartilage 27 Beta 2-microglobulin level  102 Bone
hematoma 185f Beta-lactam 91 anchored hearing aid  177
Auriculotemporal nerve  3, 5, 6 antibiotics 86 conduction hearing aids  171, 174
Auscultation of thyroid  525f Bezold’s abscess  220, 220f, 226 erosion 217
Autoimmune disease  381 and petrositis  542 forceps 586
Autonomic nervous system  36 Bicellular reserve cell theory  395 windows 599
Avitaminosis and malnutrition  404 Bilateral Bony
Avulsion of pinna  185 facial nerve paralysis  261 labyrinth 13
Axial section of nose and paranasal sinuses nasal of left side  13f
obstruction 286 septum 565
in upper part  38f Bordetella pertussis 84
Axis of ossicular rotation  28 Borrelia
Azithromycin 89 burgdorferi  85, 265
vincenti  85, 381

642 Botulinum toxin C retromolar trigone  411
injection in les 462 right tonsil  528f
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat therapy 499 Cadaveric dissection of soft palate  446
Boundaries of external nose  32f tongue right lateral margin  408f
cerebellopontine angle  273 osteomeatal complex  33f tonsil 446
middle ear  7 Calcium channel blockers  249 Cardiac
Boyle-Davis Caldwell view  596 achalasia  462, 465
gag in position  569f Caldwell-Luc operation  348, 562, 563f, 565, end 579
mouth gag  588 Cardiopulmonary responses  41
Brachytherapy 610 586 Care of endoscopes  106
Brain abscess  261 Caloric test  234, 234f, 275 Carhart’s
poliomyelitis 261 Canal notch  153, 155
pontine gliomas  261 of tensor tympani muscle  7 tone decay test  143
Brain paresis 235 Carotid
stem implant  182 types 176 angiography 437
windows 599 wall-down procedures  549 arteries 73
Brainstem 274 wall-up procedures  549 arteries and internal jugular vein  78f
Brainstem evoked response c-anca 313 body tumor  522, 536
Cancer and glomus tumors  529
audiometry  146, 169, 172 maxilla 348 triangle swellings  526
waves and sites of origin  146t of nose and paranasal sinuses  357t wall 7
Brainstem evoked response auditory  148 of pyriform fossa  454 Cartilaginous eac 4
Branch of phobia 417 Cat scratch disease  392
anterior inferior cerebellar artery  257 tongue 412 Causative
facial nerve  257, 257f Candida albicans  189, 461 fungal species  317
middle meningeal artery  257 Candidal esophagitis  105 fungi 317
Branchial Candidal leukoplakia  378 microorganisms  201, 381, 388
apparatus 58f Candidiasis  93, 189 organism  96, 186, 381, 392
cysts  521, 530 moniliasis 378 Streptococcus pyogenes 531
fistula  59, 522 Canine fossa antrostomy  563 Causes of
motor fibers  255 Cannula tube  592 cerebellar hemorrhage  251
or oculopalatal myoclonus  499 Capillary hemangioma  354 conductive hearing losses  150, 151f
sinus or fistula  530 Capsule 90 contralateral nystagmus  236
Breakpoint method  86 cell wall  90 facial
Broca’s aphasia  496 cytoplasmic membrane  90 nerve paralysis 261
motor or nonfluent aphasia  500 Carbon dioxide laser  627 palsy 261
Brompheniramine 327 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor  249 failed decannulation  512
Bronchial tree  326 Carboplatin  614, 616 hearing loss  139
Bronchoalveolar lavage  315 Carcinoma 270 hoarseness of voice (laryngeal
Bronchoesophagoscopy instruments  592f anterior two-third tongue left lateral
adjustable magnifier  592f border 115f disorders) 473t
bronchoscope tube  592f margin 368f ipsilateral nystagmus  236
circular cup biopsy  592f base of tongue  445 laryngeal paralysis  491
forceps 592f buccal mucosa  410 nasal obstruction  286, 287f
hopkins telescope  592f esophagus 464 olfactory disorders  285
peanut grasping  592f floor of mouth  409 otalgia  129, 130f, 202
rubber telescope guide  592f gingiva/alveolar ridge  407 otorrhea 131b, 202
universal biopsy and grasping  592f glottis 508 polyp 132
Bronchopulmonary segments  69 hard palate  411 snoring 435
Bronchoscope  575, 591 larynx 504f, 508 stridor 474
Bronchus 467 left unilateral blood stained discharge  349
Brown’s sign  277 lower alveolus  369f, 407f Caustic ingestion  465
pulsation sign  277 middle ear and external auditory Cavernous
Broyle’s ligament  70 hemangioma 354
Bruises 517 canal 272f sinus 310
Bruit 113 lips 406 relations and contents  307f
Buccal mucosa  45, 366 maxillary sinus  355f thrombophlebitis/infection 310
Buccopharyngeal fascia  50 of buccal mucosa  412 thrombosis 307
Bull’s eye  279 of middle ear  271, 277 Cavity
Bull’s eye lamp  109, 111f of nasopharynx  441 inspection and irrigation  552
Bullous of oral cavity  403 of larynx  63
lichen planus  378 of right tonsil  446f Cavum minor and tympanoplasty iv 554
otitis externa and myringitis  191 of soft palate left side  446f CD4 cell count  102
Bupivacaine 623 oral tongue  407 CDC aids case definitions  103
postcricoid 452 Ceftriaxone 90
posterior pharyngeal wall  447, 453 Cell
pyriform sinus  451

mediated immune process  374 Cholesteatoma 213, 215, 224 thyroid neoplasms  533 643
seeker 584 and neoplasms  132 tracheostomy tubes  592
Cell-mediated immunity  322 structure tumors of nose  352t Index
Cellulitis of nose  289 keratin mass 211f voice and speech disorders  496
Cementoma 352 matrix 211f Clearance of middle ear secretions  196
Central stroma 211f Cleft
Auditory Cholesterol granuloma  213 and craniofacial anomalies  515
pathways 21f Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica lip and palate  334
tests 139 Clemastine 327
connections 20 helicis 186 Clinical
neural pathways 20 Chondroma  352, 353, 488 evaluation of facial palsy  258
nervous system  133 Chorda tympani  257 features
perforation of tympanic membrane  215f nerve  9, 267 acute otitis media  201
vestibular Chronic of common neck lesions  521
connections 21 adenotonsillar hypertrophy  427 forms of recurrent aphthous
disorders  118, 248, 249 airway obstruction  476
system 25 discoid lupus erythematosus  378 stomatitis 382t
Cephalosporins 87 hearing loss in children  205 Closure of wound  552
Cerebellar hyperemic laryngitis  481 Cluster headache  119
hemorrhage 251 hyperplastic CO2 laser  626
infarction 251 candidiasis 404 Coalescent mastoiditis  226
tests 235 laryngitis 481 Cobalt-60 machine  610
Cerebellopontine angle  273f rhinosinusitis 303, 378 Cocaine 624
tumors  133, 261 hypertrophic laryngitis  481 Coccidioidomycosis 189
Cerebellum 275 infections 426 Cochlea 14, 14f, 27, 133
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea  348 invasive fungal sinusitis  317 Cochlear
Ceruminoma 269 nonspecific laryngitis  481 corporation  178, 180
Cervical OM without cholesteatoma  214 duct 15
adenopathy 104 or large fistula  348 membranous cochlea 15
esophagus 57 otitis externa  188 scala media 15
fascia 74 retropharyngeal abscess  543 implants  171, 173, 178, 182
lymph node chains in oropharyngeal rhinosinusitis 302 lesions 145
sialadenitis 391 limited 177
tumors 54f sun exposure  376 microphonics 28
lymph nodes  468 actinic cheilitis 376 nerve  21, 133
lymphadenopathy 480 suppurative otitis media  201, 207, 208, nuclei 21
lymphangioma 530 otosclerosis 152
cystic hygroma 530 221, 271 Cochleosacculotomy 243
spondylosis 118 and cholesteatoma 207 Cogan’s syndrome  246
symptoms and examination  519 especially cholesteatoma 132 Cold abscess
vertigo 253 Churg-Strauss syndrome  307, 315 in posterior triangle  522
Cessation of respiration  68 Cicatricial pemphigoid  379 neck pointing  520f
Chandler classification of orbital Ciliary biphasic beats  41 Collaural fistula  187
Cineradiography 419 Color Doppler ultrasound  371
involvement 306t Cisplatin 160 Columellar septum  33
Change in voice  417 Citelli’s Combined
Chassaignac’s triangle  73 abscess 219 chemotherapy and irradiation for larynx
Cheek retractor  588 angle 27
Cherubism 362 sinudural angle 27 preservation 451
Chest Clarithromycin 89 modality therapy  615
and thoracic inlet  526 Classification maxillofacial trauma  340 modality treatment  611
PA view  482 Classification and causes of tinnitus  133 paralysis of bilateral superior and
pain 109 Classification of
Chevalier Jackson’s tracheostomy tube  592 allergic rhinitis aria 324f recurrent laryngeal nerves  494
Chevallet fracture  333 blood loss  341 therapy 505
Chewing of paan  109, 374 deep neck spaces  539 Common
Chisels 586 different types of hearing losses  149 causes and treatment of polyps  310
Chlamydiae 85 fractures of maxillofacial region  341b causes of
Chlamydophilia hearing loss  149 headache and features  119t
pneumoniae 85 jaw masses  360t pulsatile tinnitus 134t
psittaci 85 laryngeal paralysis  491 sensorineural hearing loss  157
trachomatis 85 lymph nodes of head and neck  76t temporomandibular disorders 121t
Chloramphenicol 88, 90 malignant tumors of larynx and cochlear artery  19
Chloroquin 159 cold  310, 424
Chlorpheniramine 327 laryngopharynx 504t complaints of
Choanal atresia  338 neck dissection  77t ear, nose and throat  109t
Choking or gagging  458 swellings of external nose and nose and paranasal sinuses  280t
foreign bodies in esophagus  457
vestibule 291t

644 nontuberculous mycobacteria in Cor pulmonale  428, 429 for microorganisms 213
neck 532 Cord virulence factor  90 Curved membrane effect  22
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat Corniculate cartilage  62 Cut section of bony cochlea  15f
submandibular swellings  521 Corona virus  424 Cyclical neutropenia  384
swellings of lower part of posterior Coronal section of head  31f Cylindroma 397
nose 31f Cystic fibrosis  307, 310
triangle 521 oral cavity and orbits  31f Cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary
Comparison of wegener’s sinuses 31f
Coronal section of dyskinesia 303
granulomatosis 133t larynx 63f Cystic swelling in upper part of
Compartments nose and paranasal sinuses  37f
and folds of middle ear  9 Coronavirus 94 retroauricular sulcus  112f, 127f
of epitympanum  9 Corrosive esophageal injury  457t Cytomegalovirus  103, 424, 461
of mesotympanum  10 Cortical mastoidectomy  219, 550, 552 Cytotoxic 323
Compensatory hypertrophic rhinitis  337 cavity 551f antibody-mediated hypersensitivity  323
Complications of Corticosteroids  328, 378 Cytotoxic drugs  160
cochlear implant surgery  181t Corynebacterium diphtheriae  83
endotracheal intubation  622 Costen’s syndrome  136 D
CSOM and causes  213t Cottle test  284, 287, 288f
endoscopic sinus surgery  561t Cotton-wool test  284 Danger space  539
mumps 400 Cough headache  120 Danger triangle area  30
OSA 433 Coxsackie virus infections  424 Dangerous area of face  30
otitis externa  188 Cranial Dark brown colored polypoidal mass  359f
rhinosinusitis 305 nerve palsies  271 Day care (Ambulatory) surgery  620
septal abscess  338 nerves IX, X, XI and XII  626 db
suppurative otitis media  217b, 217f Craniofacial growth abnormalities  428 and sound energy  147
tracheostomy 513 Craniomandibular disorders  121 scale 138
Components of Cricoarytenoid joint  62 Dead labyrinth  235
ear wax  190 Cricoid cartilage  70, 73 Debridement of middle ear  552
hearing physiology  22 Cricopharyngeal Decannulation in infant and young
Compound action potential  25 spasm 462
Conchotome 589 sphincter 578 child 512
Concussion of labyrinth  267 Cricothyrotomy 513 Decibel 138
Conditions predisposing to secondary otitis coniotomy 513 Decreased bone conduction  148
laryngotomy 513 Deep
externa 131 Cricotracheal membrane  63 cervical fascia  74
Conduction of sound  22 Cricovocal membrane  63 layer 75
Conductive Crista 17f neck
aphasia 500 Criteria for response  614t infections 538
hearing loss  141, 143, 144, 149, 153, 155, Crocodile spaces for abscesses  539f
scissors and forceps  584 De-epithelialization of tympanic
193 tears 261
Congenital Cromolyn sodium  332 membrane 132
cholesteatoma 211 Crooked Deferoxamine 159
disorders 183 and deviated nose  291 Definitive aids diagnoses  103
of external auditory canal  187 nose “S” shaped  291f Deformed septal cartilage  565
frontal cyst  112f Cross-section of nerve  258f Deformities of external nose  290
lesions of larynx  514 fiber 258f Degree of
stridor 431 Crowe-beck test  225 Hearing
with hoarse cry  518 Crus commune  14 handicap 164
subglottic stenosis  514, 518 Cryosurgery  625, 628, 630 loss 141, 164
syphilis  158, 318 Crypta magna  55 nystagmus 232
vascular rings  476 Cryptococcosis 189 oxyhemoglobin desaturation  432
vocal cord paralysis  493, 514 CSF Dehydrating agents  243
Conjugate pneumococcal vaccines  83 otorrhea 131 Dehydration or significant hemorrhage  388
Constitutional rhinorrhea 350 Delayed endolymphatic hydrops  244
signs 391 tracers 348t Delphian node  71
symptoms 424 C-shaped deformity deviated nasal Delta sign  225
Contact Demarquay’s sign  508
dermatitis 188 septum 334 Density levels of different types of
ulcer 489 CT scan-head  271
or granuloma 486 Cuffed tracheostomy tube  593 structures 599t
Contents of internal auditory canal  273 Culture and Dentigerous cysts  361
Continuous positive airway pressure  434, acid fast smears  391 Depolarizing muscle relaxant  619 See also
infected tissue  315
475 sensitivity 225 Succinylcholine, Suxamethonium
Contraindication of tonsillectomy  571 Depression headache  119
Contraindications of esophagoscopy  577 Depth of swelling  113
Contralateral routing of signals  176 Depth-dose 610
Control of laser  626 Derivatives of branchial arches  59f
Conversation and whisper  140 Dermoid cyst  268, 403, 522, 530
of nose  291
with sinus  291

Description of dizziness  228 Direct examination 125 645
Desferioxamine 159 See also Deferoxamine immunofluorescence examination  379 maggots 187
Development and growth of paranasal laryngoscope microsurgery instruments  551f Index
jackson 590 pain 217
sinuses 39t laryngoscopy polyp  132, 271
Development of and bronchoscopy  472, 514 in tubotympanic csom 215f
ear 19 biopsy under general anesthesia  503 speculum 582
week of gestation  19 microlaryngoscopy 573 insertion 127f
labyrinth 20f Discoid lupus erythematosus  404 surgery 131
paranasal sinuses  39 Discrimination test  148 surgery bone cutting instruments  584f
speech and language  171 Disorders of beyer rongeur light curved jaws  584f
Deviated nasal septum  334, 338 auricle 183 cottle mallet  584f
Diabetes 109 eustachian tube  194 house curette  584f
Diagnoses of rhinorrhea  281 external auditory canal  187 kerrison rongeur 584f
Diagnosis salivary glands  387 lucae mallet  584f
acute otitis media  202 speech 496 spratt mastoid curette  584f
of Lyme disease  90 tympanic membrane  191 trautmann mastoid
Diagnostic voice  468, 496 chisel 584f
assessment of tonsils and adenoids  428 Distant metastases  508, 534 gauge 584f
nasal endoscopy (sinuscopy)  558 Distortion evoked otoacoustic emission  169 surgery instruments  584f
tests 522 Distraction techniques  170 elevators and suctions  585f
Difference between Diurnal headache  122 retractors 584f
acute epiglottitis and Dix-hallpike symptoms  125, 125t
maneuver  233, 236 syringing 190f
laryngotracheobronchitis 479t test 238 syringing 191f
allergic and bacterial rhinosinusitis  305t Donaldson’s line  27, 551 wax  190, 192
anterior and posterior epistaxis  295t Doppler ultrasound  598 Earache 424
antrochoanal and ethmoidal polyp  308t Dorsum of tongue and oropharynx  46f Early rodent ulcer  114f
atticoantral and tubotympanic types of Double ring sign or target sign  348 of nasomaxillary skin  283f
Down’s syndrome  198, 624 Early traumatic csf rhinorrhea  349
CSOM 209t Doyen’s mouth gag  588 Echinocandins 94
canal wall up and canal wall down Draffin’s bipod  589 Echogenicity of various tissues  598
Dressing forceps  582 Ectopic parathyroid or thymus  59
procedures 214t Drooling of saliva  458 Ectopic thyroid  79
central and peripheral vertigo  235 Drug 324 Edema of larynx  483
composition of endolymph, perilymph hypersensitivity reactions  86 Education
induced oral lesions  384 and vocation of deaf  171
and CSF  16 induced rhinitis  330 of staff  628
conductive hearing loss and of primary regimens  89 Effects of high-energy photons in
therapy 327
sensorineural hearing loss  150t Dry tissues 609t
CSF rhinorrhea and nasal ear 189 Efficient in symptom control  299
traumatic rupture of tympanic EGD endoscopy  460
secretions 348t Eikenella corrodens 541
infant and adult eustachian tube  195, membrane 192 Elastic cartilages  70
Ductal cysts  487 Elective
196t Dust mite  323 neck dissection  79
inner hair cells and outer hair cells  17t Dynamic tracheostomy 510
longitudinal and transverse temporal ocular examination  232 Electrical potentials  24
range 138 Electromagnetic waves  609
bone fractures  264t Dysgeusia 365 Electronic nose  348
orbital cellulitis and cavernous sinus Dyskeratosis congenita  404 Electronystagmography  235, 243
Dysmetria 235 Electro-olfactogram 286
thrombosis 307t Dysphagia  417, 420, 424, 458, 468 Elevators 586
palatine tonsils and adenoids  52t difficulty in swallowing  417 Elimination
upper and lower motor neuron lusoria 422 of allergen  243
or aphasia  496 tests 326
palsy 259 Dysphonia 496 Elisa test  102
Different types of hearing tests  139 plica ventricularis  497, 500 Embryological development of larynx  67t
Differential diagnoses of common causes of Emergent tracheostomy  510
E slash trach  510
dizziness 276t Emotional rhinitis  331
Diffuse Eagle’s syndrome  130, 448 Encephalocele 352
esophageal spasm  462 Ear  2, 105, 325, 627 Endaural speculum  584
infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome  399 development 27 Endobronchial mass lesion  577f
Digeorge sequence  59 discharge 218 Endoderm of tubotympanic recess  20
Digital hearing aids  176
Dimension of larynx  70
Dimensions of
middle ear  27
tympanum 6f
Dingman’s classification of mandible

fractures 346f
Diphtheria  425, 480
antitoxin 480
Diphtheritic
croup 478
rhinitis 301
Diplophonia 496

646 Endolymph 16, 27 cancer 363 obstructions 139
Endolymphatic sac  27 infundibulum  35, 42 beam therapy
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat decompression 243 polyp 310 teletherapy 610
Endomeatal sinuses 37 carotid
or transcanal approach  550 Etiopathology acute otitis media  201 artery 13, 296
spines and sutures  4f Eustachian system 35
Endoneurium 267 catheter 583 deformity 335
Endophlebitis and mural thrombus  224 in eustachian tube opening  197f ear  2, 105, 133
Endoscope and instruments  579, 591 catheterization 128 ethmoidectomy 565
Endoscopes 590 tube  7, 128, 145, 199, 201 laryngeal nerve  67, 78
Endoscopic anatomy 195f laryngocele 489
examination  285, 563 instruments 583f nasal valve  287
pneumatic dilatation  462 obstruction 198 nose  30, 280, 282, 314
sinus surgery  304, 330, 559, 565 physiology 195f nose structure
instruments 586 Evaluation of basal view 32f
Endoscopies  469, 573 cancer lesions  369 lateral view 32f
Endoscopy with biopsy and brushing  461 cochlear implant candidates  180 auditory canal  4, 20, 22, 27, 126, 131,
Endotracheal dizzy patient  227
intubation 621 esophagus 417 132, 150
tubes 593 hearing aid candidates  176 Extra length tracheostomy tubes  591
Enterobacter klebsiella 188 pharynx 415 Extracranial
Enterobacteriaceae 84 Eve’s tonsil snare  589 complications 226
Enterococcus 188 Evoked meningioma 354
Eparterial bronchus  68 otoacoustic emission  146, 169 Extradural abscess  221, 307
Epidural abscess  221 response audiometry  139 Extranasal
Epiglottis 481 Ewald’s law  232 encephalocele 291
Epilepsy 109 Examination of glioma 292
Epistaxis  280, 293, 335 ears Extranodal lymphoma  536
balloon—smaller 296f findings and causes  126t Extratemporal complications abscesses  219
Epithelial invasion or migration theory  211 eustachian tube  126, 196 Extrinsic muscles  66
Epithelial migration  5 external auditory canal  126 Eye 325
Epithelioma of external nose  293 facial nerve  126 ball 358
Epithelium of vocal cords  70 lymph nodes of neck  520 problems and pregnancy  109
Epitympanum 6 mastoid 126 glass-aid or spectacle types  176
Epley maneuver  238 middle ear  126
Epoetin alfa  104 nose 282 F
Epstein-barr virus  94, 262 and paranasal sinuses  282
ribonucleic acid  313 swelling 111 Facial
Epworth sleepiness scale  432, 433t tympanic membrane  126 artery 35
Erosive ulcers 113 lacerations 342
leukoplakia 376 Excessive nerve  4, 7, 274, 342
lichen planus  378 amount of chilies  374 disorders 255
Erysipelas  186, 186f rhinorrhea 332 during parotid gland surgery  47
Erythema multiforme  383 salivation  365, 372 nucleus 256f
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate  315 Exertional left earache  130 palsy 145
Erythroleukoplakia 376 Exophthalmos 525 paralysis 221
Erythromycin 89 in case of toxic goiter  525f segments 267
Erythroplakia 404 Exostoses types  269 supplies 267
tongue 377f Exostosis of external auditory canal  277 pain 120
Erythropoietin 104 Expanded spectrum penicillins  87 palsy 105
Escherichia coli  84, 188, 390 Expiratory stridor  473 and herpes lesions  263f
Esophageal Exposure recess  7, 7f
diverticulum 465 keratitis 261 vessels 48
dysphagia 420 of antrum  552 Factors
manometry 420 of attic  552 affecting
perforation 580 of infundibulum  560 ciliary beating 41
phase 58 of mastoid  550 les tone  58
speech  507, 508 of mastoid area  552 noise trauma 160
Esophagogram 419 to dust  109 olfactory testing 285
Esophagoscope  420, 465, 577, 580, 591 Expressive (motor) dysphasia  496 aggravating OSA  431
Esophagus 56 Extended neck dissection  77, 78 stuttering 499
Ethambutol 90 External tinnitus 135
Ethmoid sinuses  304 acoustic or auditory canal  2 determining extent and type of
Ethmoidal auditory canal
arteries  296, 297 disorders 132 surgery 213
facilitating ear wax problem  190
improving outcomes of cochlear

implants in children  180 of nose 282 nasal vestibule  290f 647
influencing development of of endolymph  25 nose 112f
Fluconazole  94, 100 or boil of nose  290 Index
complications 217 Fluctuating hearing loss  165 right nasal vestibule  290f
relieving Fluctuation and fluid thrill  113 Furunculosis 189
stuttering 499 Flucytosine 94 Fusidic acid  89
tinnitus 135 Fluorouracil  615, 616
Facultative Folds of middle ear—after proctor  10f G
anaerobes 90 Foley’s catheter  296
anaerobic rods  82 Follicular Gadolinium-enhanced
Failed mirror examination  468 adenocarcinoma 534 MRI  261, 275
False cysts 361 T1W 600
negative fistula test  233 Foramen of huschke 4, 27 Galen’s anastomosis  71
positive fistula test  233 Fordyce’s spots  379, 386 Gallium-67 scanning  315
Familial 502 Foreign Gamma knife surgery  276
progressive sensorineural hearing bodies 457 Gancyclovir and foscarnet for CMV  461
of air passages  515 Gastroesophageal reflux  58, 502
loss 163 of ear 187 disease  303, 458
Farabeuf’s periosteal elevator  584 body 131 Gastrostomy 460
Fasciitis 521f bronchus 518 Gelle’s test  142, 148
Faucial diphtheria  425, 429 nose 349 General anesthesia and tonsillectomy
Features of nasal septum  333 nose in children  349
Features of throat 465 position 561
central vestibular lesions  233 Fossa of rosenmuller 52 Genetic
cerebellar abscess  224 Four association 273
esophageal perforation  579 incisor teeth  60 defects 167
malignant tumors  533 vessel angiography  271 sensorineural hearing loss  163
Fenestra cochlea  15 Fourth-generation cephalosporins  87 Geographical tongue  385f
Fenestration operation  153 Fracture of or migratory glossitis  385
Fentanyl 619 angle, body and symphysis  347 Geotropic nystagmus  239
Fever  109, 218, 225, 424 condyle 347 Gerlach tonsil  199
Fiberoptic exploration  246 nasal septum  333 Giant cell arteritis  120
Fiberoptic laryngoscope (telescope)  469 temporal bone  267 Gingivitis and periodontitis  105
Fibrillar twitching of tongue  526f Free amino acid content  246 Gitzgerald-hallpike bithermal caloric
Fibrous Frenzel
bands 375 glass 236 test 234
dysplasia  352, 353f, 362, 363 maneuver 199 Gliomas  352, 353, 363
Fifth degree injury to epineurium  259 Frequency and pitch  138 Globus hystericus pharyngeus  463
Findings on examination of oral cavity  366f Frequency-specific abr thresholds  169 Glomus
Fine needle aspiration cytology  361, 369, Frey’s syndrome  262, 399, 400 jugulare  270, 277
Frontal tumors  132, 133, 270
372, 391, 526, 528 bone  37, 342, 283, 304, 342 paraganglioma 270, 277
and open biopsy  522 sinusotomy 560 tympanicum 277
First Frontoethmoidal mucocele  306 Glossitis involving bilateral margins of
arch syndrome  58 Frost bite  3, 185
branchial arch  20 Frozen section diagnosis  528 tongue 368f
degree neuropraxia  258 Fuller’s bivalved tracheostomy tube  592 Glossopharyngeal
generation cephalosporins  87 Functional nerve 6
Fisch adaptor for suction cannula  585f aphonia  497, 500 neuralgia  121, 130
Fissula ante fenestram  155 divisions of vocal folds  65 Glottic
Fissural cysts  361 Functions of cancer 505
Fissured tongue  385, 385f efferents from vestibular nuclei  21 chink  71, 494
Fissures of santorini 4 hair cells  24 Glottis rima glottidis  64
Fistula test  232, 236, 246 larynx 68 Glucose content  348
Fitzgerald hallpike bithermal caloric nasopharynx 52 Glycerol test  242
oropharynx 53 Glycopeptides 87
test 236 saliva 47 Goiter 523f, 524f
Fixation of chest  68 tonsils and adenoids  51 Gradenigo’s syndrome  220, 226
Fixity to skin  112 Fundus of right internal auditory canal  19f Graft materials  554, 555
Flaps and tunnels  564 Fungal Grafts in
Flexible infection  303, 426 rhinoplasty 3
bronchoscopy 580 of temporal bone  189 tympanoplasty 3
esophagoscopy  579, 579f, 580f sinusitis  309, 317 Gram-negative
fiberoptic bronchoscopy  576 Fungating metastatic neck nodes  111f bacilli 392
nasopharyngolaryngoscopy  432, 475, Fungi 93 bacteria 82t
Fungus balls  317 Gram-positive bacteria  81t
575 Furuncle Grand (basal) lamella  38
procedure 471f Granular
rhinolaryngoscope 470
video laryngoscopy  471f
Floor 7
of mouth  45, 366, 367

648 cell tumor  402 impairment in infants and young sleep studies  432
myringitis  132, 191 children 166 Homogeneous leukoplakia  376
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat Granulation tissue  213 thin leukoplakia  376
Granulomatous stage  315 in children  176 Honeymoon rhinitis  331
Greater level 138 Hopkins telescope/sinuscope  586
auricular nerve  4 loss  152, 158, 190, 274 Hormone-related rhinitis  331
petrosal nerve  267 tests  169, 170, 214 House
superficial petrosal nerve  257 Heartburn  58, 417 brackmann system of grading facial
Griesinger’s sign  225, 226 pyrosis  58, 417
Grommet testing  145 Heimlich’s maneuver  516f nerve palsy  258, 258t
Growth of larynx  68 Hemangioma tongue  402f Human
Guillotine method  568 Hemangiomas  354, 396, 400, 402, 488 immunodeficiency virus  102, 106
Gums—upper and lower jaws  366 Hemangiopericytoma 354 papillomavirus  94, 404, 502
Gustatory Hematoma Humoral immunity  321
fibers 255 and edema  517 Hump nose  291
lacrimation 261 of auricle  185 Hutchinson’s
rhinitis 331 Hematopoietic stimulating factors  104 teeth 158
sweating  262, 399, 400 Hemifacial spasm  266 triad 165
Gutmann’s pressure test  500 Hemolytic streptococcus  224 Hyaline cartilages  70
Hennebert’s Hybrid hearing aids  176
H phenomenon 246 Hydraulic
sign  158, 233, 236 action of tympanic membrane  22
H. influenzae 299 Herpangina  381, 429 effect of tympanic membrane  23f
H1N1 flu patients  100 Herpes Hydroxyzine 327
Habenula perforata  155 labialis  380, 381f Hyoepiglottic ligament  62
Habermann 211 simplex  262, 461 Hyoid myotomy and suspension  434
Haemophilus influenzae  84, 310 and zoster 103 Hyperacusis 135
Hair stomatitis 105 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy  191, 629
cells 16 virus  94, 380, 424 Hyperemic decalcification and osteoclastic
and cupula 17f zoster 262
of vestibular organs  18f oticus  105, 129, 263 resorption 218
follicles 4 ramsay hunt syndrome 191 Hyperfunctional disorders  490, 496
Hairy Herpetic gingivostomatitis Hyperkinetic disorders of facial nerve  266
leukoplakia 105 or orolabial herpes  380 Hypernasality (rhinolalia aperta)  497
lateral margin of anterior two-third perioral skin  380f Hyperthyroidism 621
Herpetiform Hypertrophied
tongue 105f aphthous ulcers  383 middle turbinate  309
tongue 367f type aphthous ulcer  382 turbinates  307, 337
tongue 385 Heymann turbinectomy scissors  586 Hyperventilation  235, 253
Hajek’ lip retractor  588 Hiatus Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis  266
Half peak level  144 hernia 460 Hyponasality 497
Hallmark finding  191 semilunaris  35, 42 rhinolalia clausa  497
Hand, foot and mouth disease  381, 386 Hidden areas of the larynx  70 Hypopharyngeal diverticulum  56
Hard palate  45, 366, 367 High Hypopharynx subsites  56, 449
hemangioma 367f cardiac output  133 Hyposmia/anosmia 335
Harmonic scalpel  568 resolution computerized Hypotympanum 6
Hashimoto thyroiditis  534f Hyrtl’s fissure  226
Head tomography 261 Hysterical aphonia  497
and neck risk of primary salivary malignancy  395
cancer 502 tracheostomy 510 I
oncology 620 Highly active antiretroviral therapy  106
mirror 109 Histamine 321 Iatrogenic
Headache  109, 115, 122, 225, 280, 302, 335 Histogenesis of neoplasms  394 facial nerve palsy  267
in children  118 Histoplasma capsulatum 316 or surgical trauma  265
Healed Histoplasmosis  189, 316 Identification of
herpes lesions  115f Hitzelberger’s sign  5, 277 mastoid antrum  550
lupus 280 HIV  386, 393 roof of ethmoid  560
tubercular lesion  115f AIDS 101 IgE-mediated hypersensitivity  322
ruptured cold abscess  115f associated salivary gland disease  393 Immune complex-mediated
Hearing infection 404
aids  130, 135, 153, 171, 173, 174, 175f, 182 Hoarseness 496 hypersensitivity 323
dog 177 in elderly smokers  476 Immune-mediated sensorineural hearing
ear  154, 165 of voice  472
evaluation 137 Holding of scope  574, 576, 578 loss 163
in infants and children  139 Holman-miller sign  441 Immunity 106
impaired patients  174 Home Immunoglobulins 40
care of epistaxis patients  295 Immunohistochemical studies  313
Immunologic effects  329
Immunology  321

and host defenses  51 Infraglottic larynx  64 canal 19 649
Immunosuppressive therapy  312 Infrapyramidal tympani  7 and cerebellopontine angle  273
Immunotherapy 329 Ingestants 323 Internal carotid Index
Impedance Inhaled anesthetics  619 artery 626
audiometry 144 Inhibitors of aneurysm 448
tympanogram 155 bacterial cell wall synthesis  86 system 35
matching mechanism of middle ear  22 bacterial protein synthesis Internal
Implantable hearing aids  174, 177 ear 2
Impure blowout fracture (rim fracture)  345 (ribosomal) 88 jugular vein  73, 626
Inability to cough  510 nucleic acid synthesis  88 laryngeal nerve  67
Inadvertent injury  122 Initial viremia  102 nasal valve  287
Incision Injury to nose 30
and drainage  336 endoneurium neurotmesis  259 International classification of headache type
of quinsy 590 frontonasal duct  342
for middle ear effusion  205f olfactory nerves and olfactory bulb  285 (1988) 117t
for tracheostomy  511f perineurium 259 Interpretation of tuning fork tests  140t
of cartilage  564 Inlet of larynx  63 In-the-ear devices  135
Incisura terminalis  3 Inner Intra-arterial chemotherapy  616
Indications for ear 20 Intracranial
adenoidectomy  568, 571 fluids 16 aneurysms 118
biopsy 104 hair cells  16, 24 complications 307
bronchoscopy 575 mucosal layer  6 course 256
grommet 548 Inspiratory stridor  473 meningioma 354
immediate referral to Instrumental trauma  455 Intranasal
Instruments for nasal surgery  587 antrostomy 563
otoneurologist 228 cottle chisel with depth markings  587f meningoencephalocele 353
myringotomy 547 cottle mallet  587f provocation test  326
removal of retained tympanostomy jansen middleton septum bone forceps Intratemporal course  256
of facial nerve  256f
tube 549 with cutting blades  587f Intrathecal fluorescein  348
tetracyclines 88 jansen septum bone forceps  587f Intratonsillar
tonsillectomy 567 masing chisel double guarded  587f abscess 427
Indigo carmine test/saccharin sodium Instruments for septal surgery  587f cleft 55
Luc’s forceps  587f Intratympanic
test 286 mallet with both sides plain faces  587f muscles 9
Indirect laryngoscopy  503 periosteum elevator  587f nerves 9
with laryngeal mirror  468 septum gouge  587f tumor 271
Indwelling prostheses  508 straight, round cutting edge, without Intrinsic muscles of larynx  66f
Infantile hemangioma  488 Intubation granuloma  486
capillary 488 notch 587f Invagination theory  211
Infected hematoma  186 suction cannula  587f wittmaack 211
Infection 324 Instruments of adenoidectomy  590f Invasive fungal sinusitis  93
and manifestations of systemic disease Beckmann adenoid curette  590f Inverted papilloma  354
Laforce adenotome  590f ringertz tumor  363
of larynx  478t St. Clair thomson's adenoid curette with Ipratropium bromide nasal spray  299
and neoplasms within nose and Irritation fibroma  403
catcher 590f Irritative pharyngitis  423
paranasal sinuses  129 Instruments of adenotonsillectomy  589f Isolated cerebellar infarction  251
of larynx  477 boyle davis mouth gag with tongue Isoniazid 89
Infectious Itraconazole and voriconazole  94
esophagitis 461 depressor 589f
mononucleosis  424, 429 draffin suspension apparatus (two J
rhinosinusitis 298
Inferior bipods) 589f Jackson’s
aspect of septum and maxillary peacock vulsellum  589f dictum 516
St. Clair thomson’s adenoid curette with pattern 590
crest 335f Jacobson’s nerve  136
laryngeal nerve  71 guard 589f Jansen elevator  585f
margin 33 Yankauer’s tonsil suction tube  589f Jargon aphasia  496
meatal antrostomy  562, 585 Instruments of endoscopic sinus agrammatism 496
meatus 32 Jaw
thyroid surgery 586f swellings 361
artery 79 hopkins telescopes  586f thrust 622f
veins 79 suction irrigation tube  586f Jennings mouth gag  588
turbinate  31, 325 trocar and cannula for sinuscopy  586f Jet ventilation  622f
turbinectomy 330 Intensities of Jobson Horne’s probe  583f
Inflammatory disorders  387 different types of speech  138t
Inflation noise levels  161t
deflation test  145 Intensity and loudness  138
of middle ear  205 Intermaxillary segment and primary
Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors  95
palate 60
Internal auditory
artery 19 See also Labyrinthine artery

650 with ring curette  583 symptoms and examination  467 Le fort fracture
Jugular trauma 518 transverse 346
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat foramen syndrome  271 tuberculosis 483 pyramidal 346
wall 7 videoendoscopy 470 craniofacial disjunction  346
Juvenile web 518 Le fort’s classification  350
nasopharyngeal angiofibroma  437 atresia 515 Lederman’s classification  355, 357f
papillomas 488 Laryngocele  487, 489 Leiomyoma 465
Laryngoesophageal cleft  515 Lempert’s endaural retractor  584
K Laryngomalacia  514, 518 Length
Laryngopharyngeal packing  569 and tension of vocal folds  496
Kallmann syndrome  288 Laryngopharynx  56, 417, 432, 578 of vocal cords  68t
Kaposi’s sarcoma  103, 104, 106, 402, 412 Laryngoscopes 590 in children 68t
of pinna  105 Laryngoscopes for microlaryngoscopy and in female 68t
Kartagener’s syndrome  41, 307 Leprosy 316
immotile cilia syndrome  310 surgery 590 Hansen’s disease  482
Keloid 127f Laryngoscopic instruments  591f Lesion distal to geniculate ganglion  267
after postauricular mastoid surgery  269f Holinger anterior commissure Lesions of tongue  385
of auricle  269 Lesser
Kemicetine antiozaena solution  314 laryngoscope 591f alar cartilages  30
Keratoacanthoma 269 Jackson laryngoscope  591f occipital nerve  4
Keratosis 487 Kleinsasser operating laryngoscope  591f Leucovorin 616
obturans 189 Ricker Kleinsasser laryngoscope holder Leukemia  246, 272, 386, 425
pharyngitis  427, 429 Leukoedema 375
Ketamine 619 and chest  591f Leukoplakia  404, 487
Kiesselbach’s plexus  293, 297 stange hour glass operating lip 407 See also Actinic cheilitis
Killian’s dehiscence  51, 60 of buccal mucosa  377f
Killian-Jamieson’s space  60 laryngoscope 591f tongue anterior two-third lateral
Kilovoltage machines  610 Laryngoscopic parameters and patient’s
Kissing tonsils  427f, 432f margin 377f
Klebsiella 314 task 471 Leukotriene modifiers  329
rhinoscleromatis 84 Laryngoscopy 497 Leukotrienes 322
frisch bacillus  482 Laryngotracheal Levator veli palatini muscle  195
spp 84 separation 517 Levels of
Klestadt’s cyst  292 trauma 517 cervical lymph nodes  77, 77t
Klippel-Feil syndrome  172 Laryngotracheitis 478 heating and tissue changes  626
Korner’s septum  11, 13, 27 Laryngotracheobronchoscopy 475 Lever
Kuttner’s tumor  391 Larynx  325, 432, 467 action of ossicles  22
and laryngopharynx symptoms and ratio 28
L Levobupivacaine 623
causes 468 Lichen planus  404
Labyrinth 133 Laser 625 Lichtwitz trocar and cannula  585
Labyrinthine and cryosurgery  330 Lifestyle modifications  433
artery  19, 257  See also Internal auditory in otolaryngology  626 Ligation of internal jugular vein  225
surgery  565, 625 Light signal or vibrations  177
artery Lateral cervical nodes  76 Lignocaine 623
fistula 244 superficial and deep  76 lidocaine 623
Labyrinthitis  158, 221 Lateral medullary syndrome  253 Linea alba  376
Lack’s L-shaped tongue depressor  582 posterior inferior cerebellar artery Linear accelerator  610
Lahey’s method  524f Lingual
Lamier Hackemann’s space  60 occlusion 253 tonsillar abscess  427
Langerhans cell histiocytosis  269 Lateral tonsils 53
Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome  13 Pharyngeal Linings of internal nose  35
Larger perforations  337 space 538 Lip  44, 45 366  See also Vermilion surface
Laryngeal space abscess 542 lower 366
cancer: 503 sinus of grunwald 34 upper 366
cartilaginous tumor  489 sinus thrombophlebitis  224 Lipomas 530
components of examination  471 view 596 List of ototoxic agents  159
crepitus 454 of larynx  62f, 63f Little’s area  297, 293
features 499 of larynx cricothyroid muscle— Local
framework surgery  494 anesthesia and sitting position in
thyroplasty 494 cartilages and ligaments  66f
framework—anterior view  62f of neck 597 adults 561
mask airway  593 of pharynx 50f anesthesia with sedation  559
mirror 582 of right lung bronchopulmonary causes (primary otalgia)  129
warming 469f ice packs  563
spaces 71 segments 69f injections 494
wall 11 steroids/hylase 375
wall of nasal cavity  30
and nasopharynx 51f
wall of nasal cavity of cadaver  32f
turbinates and meatuses  32f
Lateropulsion 250
Layers of deep cervical fascia  74f, 75f
Layers of tympanic membrane  5f

Localization of CSF leak (CSF tracers)  348 azithromycin 89 in neck  468 651
Localized collagen disease  374 erythromycin 89 in nose  334
Longitudinal Macula of otolith organs  18f movement 261 Index
section of nerve fiber  258f saccule 18f occluding bronchus  577f
temporal bone fracture  264 utricle 18f Masseter muscle  122, 626
Long-term immunosuppression  404 Main blood supply to tonsil  60 Mast cell stabilizers  328
Loop diuretics  159 Main current of nasal airflow inspiration  42 cromolyn 328
Loss and otosclerosis  149 Maintenance of body equilibrium  26 nedocromil 328
Loss of Major Masticator space  540
heterozygosity 377 and minor factors in chronic Masticator
smell 285 muscles disorders  121
sound during ear transmission  28 rhinosinusitis 303t space abscess  366f, 544, 545f
weight and anorexia  109 aphthous ulcer  383f Mastoid 219
Loudness encapsulated organisms  90 air cells  11
compression 175 ulcers 382 and ear microsurgery  583
discomfort level  138 Malfunctioning of eustachian tube  204 antrum  11, 27
Low tracheostomy  510 Malignancy 309 curette (scoop)  584
Lower alveolar ridge  45 and chronic nonspecific laryngitis  482t gouges 584
alveolus 45 buccal mucosa  410f obliteration 553
gingiva 45 maxillary sinus  355f pneumatization 207
Lower of ethmoid sinus  358 process  48, 258
esophageal sphincter  58 of frontal sinus  359 suction tips  584
half left facial palsy  259f of maxillary sinus  358 surgery 556
lateral cartilages  30 of middle ear  132 tenderness 218
motor neuron facial paralysis  259 of sphenoid sinus  359 tip 27
third of face  341 of tongue right lateral margin of oral wall 7
Lowering of facial ridge  552 Mastoidectomy  225, 549
Lubrication of scope  576, 578 submucous fibrosis  375f instruments 551f
Luc’s of tonsil with neck node metastasis  446f Maternal infections  167
abscess 219 paranasal sinuses  363 Maxillary
forceps 587 tongue 408f antrum of highmore 37
Ludwig’s angina  543, 544, 546 tonsil 425 artery  35, 296
Lumbar puncture  225 Malignant crest 565
Lupus 482 ameloblastoma 362 mucocele 306
pernio 314 hyperthermia 621 sinus  284, 304
vulgaris 315 melanoma 359 sinusitis 565
Lyme disease  265 mixed tumor  398 Maxillofacial trauma  339
Lymph node neoplasms 354 Maximal stimulation test  260
chains draining hypopharynx  57f or necrotizing otitis externa  191 Maximum conductive hearing loss  148
of head  75 tumors 360t, 371, 443 McGovern’s technique  338
of head and neck  77f of external ear  269 Measles 424
of neck  75 of larynx 501 Measurement of
Lymphangiomas  396, 402 of nasopharynx 436 mucociliary flow  286
Lymphatic drainage  39, 44, 64 Malignant tumors of hypopharynx  449 nasal obstruction  286
of ear  13, 13t Malleus (hammer)  8, 587 neck circumference  525
Lymphatic Mallory Weiss syndrome  457 Measures for preventing spread of swine
metastases 534 Management of
spread 410 acute otitis media  203f flu 99t
Lymphoepithelial impaired airway  509 Meatal abscess  219
carcinoma 398 needle stick injury  106 Medial
cysts of parotid gland  104 snoring 434 canal fibrosis  188
Lymphoma  529, 534 temporal bone fracture  264 geniculate body  25
Lymphosarcoma 522 unknown neck mass  527 labyrinthine wall  7
Lyre sign  536 unknown primary lesions  527 pterygoid 122
upper airway obstruction  424 muscle 626
M Mandible 346 surface of left pinna after ear
fracture  347, 350
M. avium 103 Maneuver building piercing 127f
complex 89 negative pressure in nasopharynx  198 wall 11
intracellulare complex  90 positive pressure in nasopharynx  197 of left bony labyrinth  14f
M. catarrhalis. 299 Manometry 462 of middle ear  8f
M. tuberculosis  89, 90 Mantoux test  391, 482 cleft 8f
Macewen’s Manual communication  171 Median rhomboid glossitis  379
curette 584 Marginal resection  361 Medullary
triangle 11f Masked (latent) mastoiditis  219 disorders 490
Macrolides 329 Masking 141 thyroid carcinoma  534
Mass Melanoma 412

652 nose 293 lobe bronchus  69f vallecula right side  447f
of auricle  270 meatus 34 Mucus drainage of sinuses  38
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat Melanotic macules  385 third of face  341 Muller’s maneuver  432, 435
Melkersson’s syndrome  261, 263 third of vocal fold lesion  506 Multicellular cell theory  395
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome  267 turbinate 31 Multiorgan disease  313
Membranes and ligaments  62 Migraine  109, 248, 253 Multiple
Membranous labyrinth  15 and motion sickness  252 juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis  489
Membranous labyrinth  15, 150 Mikulicz’s neurofibromatosis 274f
endolymphatic labyrinth  150 cells 318 sclerosis  251, 254
otic labyrinth  150 disease  391, 400 sleep latency test  432
Membranous labyrinth of left side  15f Minimal alveolar concentration value  619 Mumps  94, 387
Membranous pharyngitis-tonsillitis  425 Minimizing visual vestibular mismatch  252 Murmurs 113
Membranous septum  33 Minor aphthous ulcers  382 Muscle relaxants  122, 621
Ménière’s disease  158, 238, 241f, 242, 246, 276 on nonkeratinized labial mucosa of Muscles
idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops  241 in relation to eustachian tube  195
Ménière’s syndrome  242 anterior oral cavity  382f of larynx  65
Meningiomas 354 Minor salivary gland tumors  49, 412 Musculoskeletal vertigo  253
Meningitis 222 Mitomycin-C 616 Mycobacteria 84
Meningoencephalocele 291 Mixed Mycobacterium
Meniscal displacement  122 disorders 490 avium 103
Mesotympanum 6 hearing loss  139, 143, 153 intracellulare 84
Messerklinger technique  560 Mobius syndrome  265 kansasii 84
Metastasis via blood stream  406 Modified malmoense 84
Metastatic neck nodes  528 barium swallow  419 scrofulaceum 84
level III right side of neck  520f dix-hallpike maneuver for lateral tuberculosis  84, 103, 391
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Mycoplasma pneumoniae 85
canal 234 Mycotic diseases of otorhinolaryngology  93
aureus  83, 85 neck dissection  78 Myoclonus  133, 134, 499
Method for posterior canal bppv 233 radical Myogenic disorders  121
Method of mastoidectomy 553 Myopathies 490
eliciting nystagmus  231 neck dissection 77 Myringoplasty 553
hearing young’s operation  314 Myringotomy  218, 547
assessment in infants and young Modiolus 14, 27 incisions 548f
Mold spores  327
children 170 Molecular biology  377 N
evaluation 139 Monaural amplification  176
palpating deep cervical lymph Mondini’s Narcotics 122
aplasia 167 Narrow band noise  139
nodes 521f malformation 172 Narrowing nasal cavities  314
Methotrexate 616 Monostotic fibrous dysplasia  353 Nasal
Metronidazole 88 Morexella catarrhalis  84 balloon 296
Michel aplasia  167, 172 Moro’s reflex  170 bone fracture  343f
Microaerophilic bacteria  84 Motor bones and septum  342
Micrognathia 476 component 26 cautery 295
Microlaryngeal surgery  493 nerve supply of larynx  71 cavity 282
Microlaryngoscopy 475 nucleus of facial nerve  255 continuous positive airway pressure  434
instruments 574f Mouth cycle 40
procedure 574f breathers  334, 335 decongestants 328
right vocal chord polyp  486f gags and retractors  588 dermoid 353
Microtia 184 M-protein antigen  90 discharge  280, 283, 302
Mid tracheostomy  510 Mucocele  305, 403 endoscopes  303, 349
Midazolam 619 Mucociliary mechanism  40 endoscopy examination  300
Middle Mucoepidermoid carcinoma  396 examination 280
and inferior constrictor muscles  60 Mucoperichondrial and periosteal flap  564 findings 314
cranial fossa  276 Mucormycosis  189, 318 fracture
ear  2, 7f, 20, 105, 132, 133, 217f Mucosa 69 patterns 343f
anatomy 6 of eustachian tube  195 reduction forceps 585
and mastoid 131 Mucositis 612f, 614 furuncle in vestibule of right nose  283f
surgeries 547 Mucous gouges 587
cleft 257 blanket 42 manifestation of systemic diseases  311
effusion 244 cyst 447 mastocytosis 307
fluid 139 membrane 50 musculature 30
infection 335 of larynx 64 myiasis 350
mucosa 9, 214 of paranasal sinuses  38 maggots nose 350
ossicles 8f pemphigoid 379 obstruction  280, 283, 286, 302, 332, 335
relations 267 retention cyst of
symptoms 417 lower lip 403f
fibrous layer  6

polyps 307 Neoplasms paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx  294 653
pruritus 325 in children  352 Nuclei and tests of cranial nerves  116t
reflexes 41 of oral cavity  401 Nucleoside analogue  95 Index
regurgitation 347 of salivary glands  394 acyclovir 95
of fluid 417 Nerve 48 famciclovir 95
septal and sinus surgery  585 conduction velocity  260 ganciclovir 95
septum  33, 333, 42, 587 excitability tests  259, 262 valacyclovir 95
of cadaver 34f graft 266 Nutcracker esophagus  462
skin 30 cable graft 266 Nystagmus  25, 242
smear 326 preserved in radical neck dissection  79 in rotation test  234f
speculum 587 structure 258f Nystatin 100
surgery  435, 587 supply 3, 5, 6, 16, 39
symptoms 314 of larynx 66 O
and examination 279 of lateral wall of nose  36f
synechia  337, 338 of middle ear  136 Obliteration of sinus and intrasinus
temperature 42 of nasal cavity  35 abscess 224
valves disorders  287 of right pinna—lateral surface; medial
vestibulitis  290, 290f Obstruction of eustachian tube  198
Nasoalveolar cyst  292 surface 4f Obstructive
Nasobronchial and nasopulmonary of tympanic membrane  136 disorders 393
to stapedius  257 sleep apnea  428, 431
reflexes 41 Nerves in relation with middle ear  9f Occlusal view of nasal bone  597
Nasolabial cyst  292 Neural 59t, 139 Occupational factors  395
Nasolacrimal duct  42 pathways of taste sensation  46f Ocular motor abnormalities  250, 251
Nasomaxillary Neurofibroma  269, 352 Odontogenic
complex 345 Neurologic disorders of larynx  490 keratocyst 361
skin 114f Neuromuscular tumors  352, 354
Naso-orbital ethmoid  344 blockade 619 Odynophagia 417, 420
Nasopharyngeal junction disorders  490 Ohngren’s classification  355, 357f
airway 593 Neurotologic surgery  131 Ohngren’s line  363
angiofibroma 441 Nevus of external auditory canal  127f Olfactory
bursa 51 Newer technologies  568 epithelium 35
carcinoma 83t, 438 Nicotine stomatitis  379 nerves 41
tonsil (adenoids)  51 Nitrous oxide  620 neuroblastoma 359
Nasopharyngolaryngoscope 470f Nodes of upper horizontal chain  76 pathways 41
Nasopharynx  51, 58, 105, 415 Nodular leukoplakia  376 receptor cells  41
Natural Noise  109, 139 tract 41
killer cells  322 induced hearing loss  160, 165 Oncocytoma 396
penicillins 86 trauma 160 OPD ear instruments  582f
resonance of external and middle ear  23 Nomenclature of segmental lobules of barany 582f
Nature of foreign bodies  515 billeau ear loop  582f
Nebulized l-epinephrine  475 pulmonary lobes  70t boucheron ear speculum  582f
Neck  432, 519 Non airflow rhinitis  331 hartmann ear speculum  582f
and thoracic inlet  534 Non recurrent laryngeal nerve  71 heine otoscope with plastic ear
dissection 78 Nonallergic rhinitis  330
larynx and pharynx  597 with eosinophilia  330, 332 specula 582f
masses 527 Non-gram staining  82 Jansen dressing forceps bayonet
nodes 527 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma  104
and masses 527 Non-indwelling devices  508 shaped 582f
swelling 445 Noninvasive fungal sinusitis  93, 318 plastic ear speculum  582f
thyroid 527 Nonmetallic tracheostomy tubes  593, 593f tuning fork  582f
Necrotizing stomatitis  105 Nonneoplastic and noninflammatory Open
Need of hearing evaluation  139 excisional biopsy  528
Negus parotid swellings  400 mastoid cavity otorrhea  132
artery forceps  589 Non-organic hearing loss  163 reduction 344
knot tyer  590 Nonpulsatile subjective tinnitus  133 Opening of
pattern 590 Nonspecific antiseptics  90 facial recess  7f
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 84 Nontuberculous mycobacteria  316 mouth 569
gonococcus 84 cervical lymphadenitis  532 parotid duct  366
Neisseria meningitidis 168 Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease  391 Operations of
Meningococcus 84 Normal barium swallow of nose 557
Neisseria species  84 lower esophagus  418f paranasal sinuses  557
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet upper esophagus  418f Operative
Nose  332, 432, 627 microscope 556
laser 627 and epistaxis  289 procedures and instruments  547
Neonatal suppurative parotitis  390 and paranasal sinuses  279, 596 Opposite direction nystagmus  236
Neoplasms  104, 261, 308, 371 and sinuses  105 Optimum discrimination score  144
and throat infections  85t Optokinetic

654 test 234 of maxilla 306 Papilloma  401, 447
tracking 232 osteitis 306 wart 268
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat Oral sinus of mandible  522 of nose 292
and pharyngeal examination  122 Otalgia Paracusis willisii 152
cavity 44f, 105, 365, 432, 44, 627, 365, and nerve supply of ear  129f Paraesophageal hiatus hernia  460
earache 128 Paraglottic space  64
404f history 130 Parainfluenza virus  94, 424
decongestants 299 physical examination and Paramedian section
hairy leukoplakia  377 larynx 49f
leukoplakia 376 investigations 130 mouth 49f
lichen planus  378 Otic capsule nose 49f
manifestations of HIV  106 bony labyrinth  27 pharynx 49f
mucosal lesions  373, 374 Otitic Paranasal sinuses  33f, 284, 352t
streptococci 83 barotrauma 205 and base of skull  438
Streptococcus viridans 83 hydrocephalus 225 sinuses and jaws  351
submucous fibrosis  374, 375f Otitis Parapharyngeal
symptoms and examination  365 externa  130, 131, 186, 187 abscess 546
thrush in adults  379 media with effusion  200, 204, 204f, 206 and retropharyngeal abscesses  220
Orbital Otoacoustic emissions  139, 146, 148 space  538, 626
complications 306 Otogenic brain abscess  223 abscess 542
hematoma 560 Otolithic membrane  18 tumors 448
injury and cellulitis  561 Otologic symptoms and examination  125 Parasympathetic preganglionic
Organ Otological findings  168
of corti  24f Otomycosis  93, 189, 192 secretomotor fibers  255
preservation 616 Otorhinolaryngology 107 Parathyroid glands  79
therapy 507 Otorhinorrhea 348 Parotid
Origin insertion and actions of intrinsic Otorrhea 130 abscess 389
Otosclerosis 150 gland  47, 257, 342
laryngeal muscles  65t Otoscope  6, 126, 133, 128, 582 relations 267
Orodental fistula  347, 350 Otoscopy examination  128f tumor 400
Oropharyngeal Ototoxic drugs  165 axial view 396f
airway 593 Ototoxicity 159 coronal view 396f
dysphagia 420 Outer Parotitis 130
symptoms and causes  417 epithelial layer  6 Paroxysmal sneezing  332
Oropharynx  52, 416, 432, 542, 627 hair cells  16, 24, 28 Paroxysms of sneezing  325
Orthopantogram of mandibular Overlay myringoplasty  555f Pars flaccida  5
Overtones 147 Partial
fracture 347f and timbre  138 midline glossectomy  434
angle fracture  347f Oxazolidinones 89 syndrome 250
parasymphyseal fracture  347f linezolid 89 Parts hearing aids  174
subcondylar fracture  347f Oxygen Parts of ear
Orthopantomogram  598, 598f concentration 620 external 3f
Orthostatic hypotension  235 enhancement ratio  610 internal 3f
Ortner’s syndrome  494 middle 3f
Oseltamivir 95 P Parts of middle ear
Oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 virus  98 cleft 6f
Osseous spiral lamina  14 P. jiroveci 103 on coronal section  6f
Ossicles  8, 27, 150 Pachydermia laryngis  483 tympanum 6
and eustachian tube  8f Pain  218, 365 Passavant’s ridge  52, 60
Ossicular in throat  468 Patency of
chain 214 sensitive structures for headache  117t nasal cavities  284
necrosis 213 Palate 60 nose 282
Ossicular reconstruction  555f Palatine tonsils  53 Pathogenesis of acquired
malleus-footplate assembly  555f Palliation therapy  505
malleus-stapes assembly  55f Palliative chemotherapy  615 cholesteatoma 211
reshaped incus between stapes Palpation of cervical lymph nodes  521f Pathophysiology of nerve injury  258
footplate and tympanic membrane Pandemic influenza H1N1 (swine flu)  96, Pathways of spread  217
Patterson brown-Kelly syndrome  461
graft 555f 299 Patulous eustachian tube  199
head and tympanic membrane graft  Panendoscopy 369 Pediatric
and guided biopsy  528 epiglottitis  476, 479, 479f
555f Paper piece and cotton swab  349 masses 309
Ossifying fibroma  352, 362 Papillary rhinosinusitis 304
and cementoma  354 adenocarcinoma 534 Pemphigus vulgaris  379
Osteocartilaginous framework of nose  30 and follicular carcinoma of thyroid  536 Pendred’s syndrome  172
Osteogenesis imperfecta  152 cystadenoma lymphomatosum  396 Penetrating trauma  186
Osteoma  269, 352, 353, 363 Papilledema 225 Penicillin G  91
Osteomeatal complex  34, 34f
Osteomyelitis
frontal bone  307

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins  87 space 538 Postcricoid region  56 655
Peptic ulcer  109 Pharynx  49, 325, 332 Posterior
Peptidoglycan 90 and esophagus  415 auricular nerve  257 Index
Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy  513, Phase differential between oval and round belly of digastric  48, 257
chemotherapy 615
514f window 22 cricoarytenoid muscle  71
Perennial allergic rhinitis  324 Phelps sign  277 epistaxis 294
Perforation of Philtrum 60 ethmoidal cells  560
esophagus 455 of upper lip  60 ethmoidectomy 560
nasal septum  336 Phobic postural vertigo  253 fontanelle 42
tympanic membrane  218 Phonasthenia  497, 500 nasal packing  295, 296f
Periapical cysts  361 Phonation and speech  68 with Foley’s catheter  296f
Perichondritis 186 Phonetically balanced words  144, 148 pharyngeal wall  56
and chondritis  186 Phonosurgery 493 rhinoscopy  282, 284, 285f
Perilymph 16, 27 Photodynamic therapy  507, 628 spur of carina  69f
Perilymphatic Physiology of tympanotomy 7f
fistula 245 hearing  22, 23f facial recess approach  181
labyrinth or space  151 nose 39 view of laryngopharynx  56f
periotic labyrinth 151 paranasal sinuses  41 wall fractures  342
Perineural intracranial spread  37 swallowing 58 Posteroinferior cerebellar artery  251
Periorbital ecchymosis  344 vestibular system  25 Posterosuperior
Periosteum elevator  587 Picket-fence graph of temperature  226 and lateral view of right tympanic
Peripheral Pickwickian syndrome  430, 431
and central vertigo  236t Pierre-Robin cavity 10f
blood smear  225 sequence 58 region 13
branches  48, 258 syndrome 476 tract 220
neuritis 285 Pigmented lesions  384 Post-herpetic neuralgia  121
Peripheral t-cell neoplasm  313t Pill-induced esophagitis  458 Post-laryngeal crepitus  452f
nonhealing midline granuloma  313 Pinna 22, 27 Post-laryngectomy vocal rehabilitation  507
polymorphic reticulosis  313 Pituitary fossa and gland  38f Postnasal
Peripheral vestibular Pizzillo’s technique of examining drip 332
disorders  237, 238 mirror 582
system 25 goiter 524f Postoperative mastoid cavity  131
Perisinus abscess  224 Plain radiographs  300, 393 Post-tonsillectomy earache  571
Peritonsillar Planes of three semicircular canals  25f Post-traumatic headache  119
abscess 542f, 546 Plasma exchange and intravenous Posture test  283
forceps 590, 590f Potassium-titanyl-phosphate-532
right side 542f immunoglobulin 312 Potential
infections 541 Plasmacytoma 354 for malignant change  374, 377
space  538, 626 Pleomorphic adenoma  353, 395, 402, 447 of malignant conversion  461
Persistence of otorrhea  218 Plester elevator  585f Pott’s puffy tumor  307, 310
Persistent Plester suction tube with finger cut-off and Powered instrumentation  568
anatomy  255, 293, 497, 538 Preauricular
CSF rhinorrhea  349 stylet 585f appendages 184
nasal septal bleeding  297 Plummer-Vinson syndrome  404, 454, 461 sinus 192
Petrosal artery  257 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 102 and cyst 184
Petrositis or petrous apicitis  220 Pockets and atelectasis tympanic pit 185f
Petrous and squamous parts of temporal Precancerous lesions  386
membrane 192 Predisposing factors  381, 392
bone 2f Poliomyelitis 490 Pre-eclampsia 267
Pharyngeal Politzer’s Pre-epiglottic space  62
aponeurosis 50 bag 583 of boyer 64
apparatus 58 test  197, 197f Pre-facial and post-facial lymph nodes  46
arches 58 Pollens  323, 327 Premalignant lesions  502
arches and myotomes  59t Polymerase chain reaction  392 Prenatal causes  167
bursitis 441 Polyotia 192 Preoperative assessment  557
end 195 Polyps 325 Prerequisites of antimicrobial therapy  86
pouches and grooves  59 Polysomnography 432 Presbycusis 162, 165
spaces 50 Polyvinyl chloride tubes  592 Pretracheal layer  75
symptoms and examination  415 Position or height of larynx  472 Prevention of opportunistic infections  104
wall 49 Positions of vocal cords  491 Prevertebral
coronal section 50f Positive fistula test  233 layer 75
Pharyngitis 423 Postaural space  540, 626
Pharyngobasilar fascia  50 and endaural approaches to mastoid abscess 543
Pharyngoconjunctival fever  424, 429 Prilocaine 623
Pharyngomaxillary antrum 549f Primary
abscess 542 incision 549
Postauricular
abscess 219
dermatitis 127f
mastoid abscess  226

656 cholesteatoma 215 R Removal of
herpes simplex infection  380 bridge and facial buttresses  552
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat otalgia 128 Radial flow theory  16 cartilage and bone  564
palate 60 Radiant laser energy  626 disease 563
Sjögren’s syndrome  398 Radiation mucositis  384 mastoid
thyrotoxicosis 523 Radical air cells 550
tumor 357t mastoidectomy  552, 556 tip 552
Probe test  283 neck dissection  77, 78 mylohyoid muscle  48f
Procedure of esophagoscopy  578f Radiofrequency surgery  628 uncinate process  560
Processus cochleariformis  257 Radionuclide Repositioning maneuvers  238
Progressive retrograde thrombophlebitis of cisternography 348 Reservoir, diseases and antifungal
imaging 600
small venules  217 Radiotherapy and chemotherapy  608 treatment 93t
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia  376 Radium dial painters  272 Respiration  39, 68, 468
Proof puncture—antral lavage  562f Radkowski classification of juvenile Respiratory
Properties of radiant laser energy  626 cilia 42
Propofol 619 nasopharyngeal angiofibroma  438t dead space  518
Proptosis exophthalmos  441 Raised intracranial tension  223, 275 distress 517
Prostaglandins 322 Ramsay Hunt syndrome  5, 105, 263, 267 mucosa 35
Protection of Ranula 403 syncytial virus  94
airway 40 Rapid strep tests  425 Restricted mouth opening and soft diet  122
and lips  574, 576, 578 Rathke’s pouch  51 Retention cyst  362
eye 628 Rebound phenomenon  235 Reticular lichen planus  378
lower airways  68 Recalcitrant rhinosinusitis  304 Retracted tympanic membrane  191
skin 628 Receptive dysphasia  496 Retrocochlear hearing loss  147
teeth  574, 576, 578 Reconstruction procedures  316 Retrocolumellar vein  293
Protruding pinna with large concha and Recovery Retrolabyrinthine approach  276
of facial palsy  262f Retromolar trigone  45
poorly developed antihelix  184f phase of postinfluenzal anosmia  286 Retropharyngeal space  539
Prussak’s space  27 Recurrent Retropharyngeal nodes  37, 539
and anterior pouch of von Troeltsch  10f acute otitis media  203 Retrosternal extension  524
Pseudomonas aeruginosa  84, 390 aphthous stomatitis  381 Reversible ototoxicity  165
Psoriasis or seborrhea  188 aphthous stomatitis  383t Rhabdomyosarcoma  272, 360
Psychological counseling  332 facial Rhinitis
PTA and speech audiometry  164 palsy 263 and asthma  327
Puberphonia 497 paralysis 267 caseosa 314
mutation falsetto voice  497 herpes simplex infection  380 medicamentosa  331, 332
Pug nose  344 keloid 269f sicca 314
Pulsatile laryngeal nerve  79 Rhinolalia clausa  310, 429
tinnitus 133 or chronic rhinosinusitis  335 Rhinolith 349
vascular tinnitus  133 parotitis of childhood  390 Rhinomanometry or rhinometry  286
Pure blowout fracture  345 respiratory papillomatosis  488 Rhinophyma 297
Pure tone vestibulopathy 244 or potato tumor  292
and complex sound  138 Red/white lesions  374 Rhinoplasty 344
audiogram  161, 142 Red-man syndrome  87 Rhinorrhea 325
audiometry 142f, 143f Reduction of nasal bone fracture  343f Rhinoscleroma  315, 318
Push and pull system  26 Referred Rhinosinusitis 307
Pyocele 305 causes 129 Rhinosporidiosis  93, 316, 318
Pyogenic granuloma  403 otalgia 136 Rhinovirus  94, 424
Pyramid 257 secondary otalgia  129 Ribavirin 95
Pyramidal Reflex cough  192 Rifamycins  88, 89
eminence 7f Rehabilitative measures  171 Rigid
signs 252 Reichert’s cartilage  20 bronchoscopy  575, 580
Pyrazinamide 90 Reinke’ space  71 esophagoscopy 578
Pyriform Reinke’s edema  486, 489 Rimantadine 95
fossa 56 bilateral diffuse polyposis  486 Rinne’s test  128, 140, 148, 312
mass 450f Reissner’s membrane  15 Ritonavir 106
sinus 56 Relapsing polychondritis  186 Rodent ulcer  292
Related disciplines  595 Rolling hiatus hernia  460
Q Relations of Romberg’s
cartilaginous part of eustachian sign 236
Quadrangular membrane  63 test 235
Queckenstedt’s test  225 tube 195f Roof
Quinine toxicity  159 CPA 273 and posterior wall  51
cinchonism 159 deeper part of submandibular gland  48f tegmental wall  7
Quinolone antibiotics  88 middle ear cleft  6 Ropivacaine 623
sphenoid sinus with cavernous sinus  38

Rosenthal’s canal  14 cysts  3, 268, 531f of OSA  432 657
Rotating chair test  25, 235 Second SHEA teflon piston  154f
Round window reflex  23 arch branchial fistula  536 Short increment sensitivity index test  143 Index
Route of administration and doses  86 branchial arch  20 Short process of incus  257
Routes of infections  223, 391 degree axonotmesis  258 Short-tau inversion recovery  600
Rouviere’s node  60 pharyngeal pouch  60 Shrapnell’s membrane  5
Rubber tubes  592 Secondary Shrinkage of mucous membrane  282
Russell bodies  318 atrophic rhinitis  314 Sialadenitis 393
crypts 55 Sialography  370, 372, 390
S herpes simplex infection  380 Sialolithiasis 393
metastatic Side effects of indinavir  106
S. pneumonia  90, 299 neck 114f protease inhibitor  106
Saccades 232 nodes 522 Sideropenic dysphagia  404
Saccharin sodium  286 otalgia 128 Siegel’s
Saccular cysts  487 palate 60 examination 583f
Saccule 15 Sjögren’s syndrome  398 pneumatic speculum  136, 583
Saddle nose  290 syphilis 158 Sigmoid sinus thrombosis  226
depressed nasal dorsum  290 thyrotoxicosis 523 Silastic tubes  592
Sade classification  199, 209f Second-generation cephalosporins  87 Silicone tubes  592
Sagging of posterosuperior meatal wall  218 Sedatives and tranquilizers  618 Siliconized PVC tubes  592
Sagittal section Segmental resection  361 Simple
head subsites of oral cavity and Selective dermoid: 291
neck dissection  78 mastoidectomy 549
oropharynx 44f serotonin-reuptake inhibitors  249 Singer’s or Screamer’s nodules  485
of cadaveric larynx  63f Semicircular Single
of larynx  63f canals  14, 14f, 27, 236 agent doses and toxicity  614t
and laryngopharynx 56f functions 25 lumen tube  592
of neck  74 ducts 15 Sinus
Salicylates 159 Semont maneuver  239 of morgagni 52
Saliva 372 for right posterior canal  240f operations 557
Salivary Sensation level  138 tympani 7
calculi 400 Sense of with facial nerve  7f
glands  46, 365, 369 blocked ear  190 Sinuscopy 302
parotid 47f smell 284 Sinuses 325
sublingual 47f taste 366 draining anterior to basal lamella  42
submandibular 47f Sensorineural hearing loss  105, 139, 141, Sinusitis 299
neoplasms 529 Site and extent of swelling  370
Salpingopharyngeal fold  52 143, 144, 156, 157, 159 Sites of epistaxis  294
Samter’s triad  302, 307, 310 in adults  157 Sites of hypopharyngeal cancer
Sanguinaria 376 in children  168f indirect laryngoscopic  450f
Santorini 62 Sensory posterior views of laryngopharynx  450f
Saprophytic fungal infection  318 epithelial hair cells  17 Six boundaries of tympanum  7f
Sarcoidosis  314, 400 nerve supply of larynx  71 Size of
Sarcomas  270, 359 neuroepithelium 18 bronchoscope and age of patient  591t
Saturation sound pressure level  174 tracts 252 endotracheal tube in children  593
Scala tympani  14 Sentinels portal of aerodigestive tract  51 tracheostomy tube  593
Scala vestibuli  14 Septal and age of patient  594t
Schatzki’s ring  461 abscess 336 Sjögren’s syndrome  398, 399, 400
Scheibe aplasia  167 cartilage 565 Skeletal muscle
Schirmer’s test  260, 261f hematoma 336 innervated by cranial nerves  59t
Schneiderian membrane, mucosa  42 surgery 336 relaxants 619
Schullar’s view  595 Septoplasty  336, 564, 564f Skew deviation and ocular tilt reaction  251
Schwabach’s test  128, 142 techniques 565f Skin cancers  405
Schwannoma 352 Septorhinoplasty  344, 565 Skin
Schwartz sign  155 Septum 282 covered tags between tragus and angle
Scleroderma or progressive systemic proper 33
Sequelae/complication of facial  nerve of mouth  184f
sclerosis 463 glands 4
Scrapings of nasal mucosa and biopsy  316 palsy 261 incision 511
Screening for Serous labyrinthitis  245 involvement in buccal mucosa
bacterial meningitis  90 Serum
maternally transmitted infection  170 and urinary calcium levels  315 carcinoma 367f
syphilis 170 immunoglobulins 321 lesions 316
torch 170 Severe otalgia and otorrhea  191 of cartilaginous external auditory
Seasonal allergic rhinitis  324 Severity 325
Sebaceous of airway obstruction  473 canal 4f
adenoma 268 of hearing loss  139, 143 of nasal vestibule  35
over swelling  112

658 piercing devices  101 Squamous cell carcinoma  398, 443, 464, Submandibular
reactions after postoperative 465 lymph nodes  37
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat salivary flow  261
radiotherapy 612f of auricle  270 glands 48, 597
tests 326 of external nose  293 space  540, 540f
Sleep of paranasal sinuses  363 Submentovertical view  596
apnea  335, 430 Squamous metaplasia theory Submucosal vascular plexus  35
patterns in OSA  431 Sade 212 Submucous
Sleep-disordered breathing  430 Wendt 212 fibrosis 404
Sliding hiatus hernia  460 Squamous papilloma  352, 353 resection 335
Sluder’s neuralgia  129, 310 S-shaped deformity deviated nasal of nasal septum  564
Small multiple ulcers on tongue  382f Subsites of
Small perforations  337 septum 334 cancer in oral cavity  45
Soft palate  417 St. Clair thomson’s adenoid curette  590 oral cavity  405
Soft tissue Stages of tympanic membrane Succinylcholine 619 See also
injuries 342
neck lateral view  543 retraction 209f Suxamethonium, Depolarizing muscle
windows 599 Stapedectomy  153, 154f relaxant
Solid piston 154f Sudden sensorineural hearing loss  161, 165
and rounded foreign bodies  349 Stapedial Sulphonamides and trimethoprim  88
angle 27 otosclerosis 152 Sulzberger’s powder  90
Sonotubometry 198 reflex 260 Summating potential  25
Sopari  109, 374 Stapedius 9 Sunderland classification  258
Soreness and burning mouth  375 muscle 27 Superadded infection  325
Sound 138 Staphylococcus aureus  81, 94, 131 Superficial
level meter  138 Stenger test  164 cervical fascia  74
waves 609 Stenosis and atresia of nares  291 parotidectomy 400
Source of infection  541 Stensen’s duct opening of right side parotid ulcers and inflammation  280
Space of body of mandible  540 Superior
Spaces of larynx  64 gland 390f and middle
Spasmodic Stenver’s view  596 constrictors 60
dysphonia 498 Sternocleidomastoid muscle  73 thyroid veins 79
or recurrent croup  478 Sternomastoid tumor  522 cerebellar artery  251
Spatula test  284 Stimulated emission of radiation  625 laryngeal nerve  67, 493
for patency of nose  285f Stokes method  86 mediastinum tumor  494
Special Strap muscles  511 orbital foramen  363
features of viruses  94 Streptococcal tonsillitis-pharyngitis  424 thyroid artery  78
investigations of nasal complaints  285 Streptococcus 188 turbinate 31
Specific-IGE antibody tests  326 pneumoniae 168 Suppuration of mastoid lymph nodes  218
Spectrum—S. aureus 89 pneumonia—Pneumococcus 83 Suppurative
Speech 68 pyogenes 423 labyrinthitis 245
audiometry  143, 170 Streptogramins 89 otitis media  216
frequencies 147 Streptomycin 90 complications 542
reading—lip reading  173 Stria vascularis  15, 16 Supraglottic cancer  506, 508
reception threshold  143 Stridor  431, 473, 496 Supraorbital ridge  342
Speed of propagation  609 in adults  476 Suprapyramidal recess  7
Sphenoethmoidal Striola 26 Supratonsillar fossa  54
mucocele 306 Stroboscopy 472 Supreme turbinate  31
recess 32 Structure of Surface anatomy of neck  72, 73f
Sphenoid sinus  38, 42, 304 cholesteatoma 210 Surgery for CPA tumors  276
Sphenoid sinusotomy  560 cochlear canal  15f Surgery of nasal septum  563
Sphenoidal sinuses coronal section  38f hypopharynx 56f Surgical management of vascular
Sphenopalatine organ of corti  17f tinnitus 136t
ganglion 42 oropharynx 53f Suxamethonium 619 See also
neuralgia 129 pharynx sagittal section  53f Succinylcholine, Depolarizing muscle
Sphincteric closure of laryngeal opening  68 Structures and parts of larynx  471f relaxant
Spirochaetes 85 Strychnine poisoning  545 Swelling
Spondee words  148 Stuttering 498 moved with deglutition  113f
Spontaneous Stylalgia 448 moving with deglutition  521
emission of radiation  625 Styloid process  257 of cheek  561
nystagmus  231, 250 Stylomastoid artery  13 of parotid gland  394f
otoacoustic emissions  146 Subclavian steal syndrome  250 of tail of parotid gland  396f
rupture 455 Subcutaneous emphysema  560 over mastoid region  218
Spread of cholesteatoma  212 Subdural abscess or empyema  221 Swimmer’s otitis externa  192
Spreader grafts  287 Subglottic Swimming 109
Spurs 335 cancer 507 Swine flu  96, 299
hemangiomas 515
region 64
Sublingual salivary glands  48

Sympathetic Tertiary syphilis  158 needle 589 659
fibers 9 Tests for scissors 589
trunk 626 eustachian tube function  197 Tonsillar Index
Sympathomimetic drugs  328 mucociliary drainage/clearance  198 concretions/tonsilloliths 426
Symptoms of smell 286 crypts 55
obstructive sleep apnea  431 Tests of IgE antibody  327 cyst  426, 427
swellings and ulcers  111t Tetracyclines 88, 90 Tonsillectomy 570f
Synchronous second primary  508 Therapeutic window  610 dissection 569
cancer 369 Thin watery discharge  325 snare method  569
Syndromes Thiopental 619 Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy  330
with genetic hearing loss  167t, 168 Third degree neurotmesis  259 Tonsils and pillars  417
with infertility and sinopulmonary Third-generation cephalosporins  87 Topical
Thoracic esophagus  57 ear drops  159
disease 310 Thornwaldt’s disease  441 isopropyl alcohol  132
Synkinesis 261 Three-dimensional shape of vocal folds  496 nasal decongestant  282
Syphilis  158, 404, 482, 482t Throat steroids 332
and tuberculosis  318 culture 425 Topodiagnostic tests  260
Systemic pain 424 Tornwald’s disease  51
antibiotics 336 Thudicum nasal speculum  281, 582 Torsional diplopia  251
diseases  303, 388 Thyroglossal cyst  113f, 522, 526, 530, 530f, Torus 403
involving nose 311t tubarius 195
sialogogues 399 536 Total intravenous anesthesia  619
steroids 332 and fistula  79, 522 Tourette’s syndrome  499
Thyrohyoid membrane  62 Towne’s view  596
T Thyroid Toxic
angle 70 goiter 535f
T cell-mediated hypersensitivity  323 autoantibodies 526 manifestations 525
T1 and T2 tumors  358 cartilage 73 Toxicity of anticancer drugs  615
T3 and T4 tumors  358 function tests  526 Toxoplasma gondii 102
Tachycardia 525 gland  59, 73, 78, 523 Toxoplasmosis 393
Tandem walking  235 isthmus 511 Trachea  467, 511
Taste and tracheostomy 512f and bronchi  68, 627
buds  46, 386 neoplasms  528, 532 Tracheal
test or electrogustometry  260 nodule left side  113f cartilages 68
Techniques of indirect laryngoscopic nodules 533 dilator  511, 591
palpation from behind  524f hook  511, 591
examinations 470t scan salivary glands  601f blunt 511
Tectorial membrane  16 surgery 621 sharp 511, 591
Tegmen tympani  27 Thyroplasty types  494 Tracheobronchial tree  576
Telecommunication devices  177 Tics and spasms  261 Tracheobronchial tree and
Temporal 258 Tinnitus  132, 152, 190 bronchopulmonary segments  69f
bone  2, 269, 595 management program  134 larynx  71, 476, 580
fracture 263, 264, 267 Tissue effect  626 Tracheoesophageal fistula speech  508
imaging 170 TNM classification  355, 440 Tracheomalacia 621
lobe auditory cortex  25 of carcinoma esophagus  465 Tracheostomy 591
or cranial arteritis  120 Tobacco 109 in infants and children  511
Temporalis muscle  118, 122 Tobey-Ayer test  225 or endotracheal intubation  338
Temporary tracheostomy  510 Tone decay  147 tracheotomy 510
Temporomandibular Tongue  45, 60, 366, 424 tube  511, 512f
disorders 121 and floor of mouth  45f Tracheotomy 510
joint 128 depressor 368 Traditional screening tests  140
disease 133 tie 386 Tragal cartilage pointer  47, 257
Tender ankyloglossia 386 Transformer
and erythematous swelling  186 Tonotopic gradient in cochlea  24f action of middle ear  22
jugular lymph nodes  225 Tonsil artery forceps function of middle ear  23f
Tenderness 284 curved 590 Transfusion of blood and products  101
along jugular vein  225 straight 590 Transient evoked otoacoustic emission  169
of maxillary sinuses  285f Tonsil Transillumination 284
Tension headache  118 dissection forceps with teeth test  288, 300
Tension-type headache  118 Translabyrinthine approach  276
Tensor of vocal cord  71 (Waugh’s) 590 Translucent 113
Tensor dissector and anterior pillar Transmastoid exposure of left facial
tympani 9
veli palatini muscle  195 retractor 588 nerve 266f
Teratomas 441 holding 569 Transorbital view  596
Terminal branches  257 forceps 588 Transtemporal supralabyrinthine
of facial nerve in parotid gland  257t Denis browne’s 588
knife 588

660 approach 276 Tumors Ultrasound neck  526
Transverse and related jaw lesions  360 Uncinate process  42
Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat electromagnetic mode  626 of ear and cerebellopontine angle  268 Undifferentiated carcinoma  398
fractures of temporal bone  267 of external nose  291 Unilateral
temporal bone fracture  264 of middle ear and mastoid  270 nasal obstruction  286
usually otic capsule disrupting  264 of nasopharynx  436 OME in adults  205
Trapezius muscle  73 of nose  351 recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis  491
Trauma 336 and paranasal sinuses  352 sensorineural hearing loss  148
of external auditory canal  187 of oral cavity  402 superior laryngeal nerve paralysis  492
Traumatic of oropharynx  443 vestibular loss  26
disorders 185 of salivary glands  394t Universal newborn hearing screening  168
granuloma 384 Tuning fork  140, 582 Unknown
ulcers  384, 425 and audiogram  214 neck mass  523
Trautmann’s triangle  27, 551 test and audiogram  213 primary lesions  523
Traveling wave  609 tests  128, 132, 139, 140, 141, 148 Unsealed radionuclide therapy  611
progressive wave  609 Tunnel of corti 16 Upper
Treacher collins syndrome  58 Turban epiglottis  483 border of superior constrictor muscle
Treatment Tympanic
acute otitis media  202 membrane  5, 7f, 20, 27, 150 and base of skull  60
basal cell carcinoma of auricle  270 perforation 139 curvature of tube  591
for keratoconjunctivitis  399 opening 195 esophageal sphincter  58
for opportunistic infections and plexus 9 lateral cartilages  30
nerve supply of middle ear  9 motor neuron facial paralysis  259, 267
malignancies 103 Tympanomastoid suture  48, 257 part of
melanoma of auricle  270 Tympanomeningeal hiatus  226 nucleus 256f
of acute attacks  249 Tympanometry 144 pinna 185f
of allergic rhinitis  332 Tympanoplasty  549, 553 respiratory
of facial nerve palsy  266 IV 555f infection 619
of OSA  434 Tympanosclerosis  192, 214 tract obstruction 510
of vestibular symptoms  249 Tympanostomy tubes (grommet)  547 third of face  341
squamous cell carcinoma of auricle  270 Type of hearing loss  139 Uses of PTA  142
Trehalose dimycolate  90 Type of mastoid abscesses  219f Us-guided procedure  371
Tremors of stretched fingers of stretched Types and features of foreign bodies  187 Usher’s syndrome  172
Types nasal Utricle  15, 236
out arms  525f bone and septum  342 and saccule functions  26
Treponema pallidum 85 septum 333 Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 434
Treponemal tests  158 Types naso-maxillary complex  345
Trials of induction chemotherapy  615t Types of V
Triangles of neck  73, 74f acini 46
carotid 74f allergic response  324 Vacuum headache  122
muscular 74f cholesteatoma 211 Vagus nerve  4, 5, 6
occipital 74f CSOM 209 Valsalva
submandibular 74f deviated nasal septum  335f maneuver 233
submental 74f discharge and causes  131 test 197
supraclavicular  74f ear foreign bodies  187 Van der hoeve syndrome  155
fiberoptic bronchoscope  576 Varia technique  181
Tricyclic amines  249 hearing losses  139, 148 Varicellazoster virus  191, 263
immunologic mechanism  322 Vascular
Trigeminal mastoid 11 ischemia 262
acellular 12f malformations 133
nerve 36 cellular 12f neoplasm 133
diploeic 12f Vasovagal reflex  5
neuralgia (tic douloureux) 120 mastoidectomies 549 Venous
mouth retractors  588f drainage  13, 79
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 312 nasal septum fractures  334f hum 134
otosclerotic lesions causing fixation of pulsatile tinnitus  133
Trismus  366, 375, 545 Ventilation
stapes footplate  152f and regulation of middle ear
in patient of masticator space tracheostomy tubes  591
abscess 366f tympanoplasty 554f pressure 196
tubes 548 of mastoid antrum and air cells  208f
in patient with masticator space of middle ear cleft  196
abscess 545f U of sinuses  42
tubes 548f
Tubal tonsil  52 Ulcers of buccal mucosa after Ventricle
Tuberculosis  109, 315, 481, 482t radiotherapy 612f of morgagni 70
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis  531f sinus of larynx  64
Ultrasonography neck  371f
scrofula 531
with cold abscess  531f

Tuberculous

mycobacterial disease  391

sinus or ulcer  522

Tubotympanic

CSOM 214

type (safe or benign)  209

Tullio’s phenomenon  236

Ventricular dysphonia  497 Virus infection  101 White 661
Vermilion Viruses  92, 94 noise 139
border 44 Visceral layer  75 patches on Index
surface 45 See also Lip Visual reinforcement audiometry  169 dorsum of tongue  367f
Verrucous carcinoma  410, 507 Vocal cord  481 tonsils 425, 426
of larynx  508 nodules 489 WHO classification of
Vertebrobasilar palsy  71, 494 degree of hearing loss  164
angiography 250 positions 491f epithelial carcinoma based on
insufficiency 250 Vocal fold
Vertical diplopia  251 edges 472 histopathology 439t
Vertigo 152 paralysis/paresis 490 Whooping cough  480
Vesiculobullous/ulcerative lesions  379 vascularity 471 Wickham’s striae  386
Vestibular Vocal Wide surgical excision  359
folds (false cords)  64 nodules 485 Wigand technique  560
function tests  28, 236 polyp 485 Wilde’s incision  549
hair cells  26f resonance 41 Window level  599
nerve 21 tremor 498 Woodruff’s plexus  297
neuritis 276 Voice 441 Work-up before chemotherapy  613
nuclei 21 and speech  495 Wrisberg’s cartilage 70
receptors 16 disorders 473, 495
schwannoma or neurilemmoma  273 test 128 X
symptoms 274 Vomeronasal organ  42
Vestibule  13, 280 of jacobson 41 Xerostomia  365, 398, 400
of mouth  366 von Recklinghausen disease  273 X-ray mastoid left–normal  596f
of nose  33 von Troeltsch anterior pouch  27 X-ray paranasal sinus water’s view  301f
Vestibulocochlear
nerve 19 W Y
reflex 232
cancellation 232 Waardenburg’s syndrome  172 Yankauer’s suction tube  589
Vestibuloocular reflexes  22 Waldeyer’s ring  51, 60 Young’s
Vestibulospinal tract  22 Wallenberg’s syndrome  250, 251, 253 and kartagener’s syndromes  331
Vestibulotoxic drugs  165 Walsham’s and Asche’s forceps  343 operation 314
Vibrant med-el soundbridge  178 Walsham’s forceps  343, 585, 586f syndrome 307
Vibrotactile aids  171 Warthin’s tumor  396
Video esophagography  419 Water’s view  596 Z
Vidian neurectomy  330, 332 Wax softening agents  190
Vinblastine  615, 616 Weber’s test  128, 141, 147 Zanamivir 95
Vincent’s angina  381, 425, 429 compares bone conduction of both Zenker’s diverticulum  463, 465
Viral  152, 395, 438 Zoellner suction tube with finger cut-
infections  426, 462 ears 141f
labyrinthitis 158 lateralization 148 off 585f
pharyngitis 424 Wegener’s granuloma  312, 336 Zygoma (tripod fracture)  344
rhinosinusitis 299 Wernicke aphasia  500 Zygomatic abscess  219, 220f
common cold 299 sensory or fluent aphasia  500 arch 345
serology 388 Wharton’s duct calculus  394f front view  220f
Whiplash vertigo  253 lateral view  220f