CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEM

Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol (usually
methanol) with vegetable oil, animal fat, or
recycled cooking grease.

It can be used as an additive (typically 20%) to
reduce vehicle emissions or in its pure form as a
renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines.

Non renewable energy

 Concept of non-renewable energy

Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be
replenished for thousands or even millions of years.Most non-renewable energy
sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon is the main
element in fossil fuels.

There are four major types of nonrenewable resources: oil, natural gas, coal, and
nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas, and coal are collectively called fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels were formed within the Earth from dead plants and animals over
millions of years hence the name “fossil” fuels.
 Source of non-renewable energy
 a. fuel
 Fossil fuels include coal, gas or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.

Fossil fuels were formed millions of years ago when dead plants and animal
remains got buried under layers of soil and under pressure and temperature,
got converted into their present form. A major problem of using fossil fuels
to generate electricity is that burning them gives out a lot of toxic gases that
pollute the environment and contribute to global warming.

Non renewable energy

b. coal

 Coal is a rock created from buried plants that lived and died hundreds of
millions of years ago, when the Earth's surface was covered by swampy
forests.

 Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions
of years to form. Coal contains the energy stored by plants that lived hundreds
of millions of years ago in swampy forests. The resulting pressure and heat
turned the plants into the substance call coal.

Non renewable energy

 c. Nuclear

 Nuclear energy is obtained through nuclear fission. This process involves the
splitting of nuclei of certain elements which results in the release of a large
amount of energy. The fissile material most commonly used are Uranium and
Plutonium.

 One major problem of using nuclear energy as an electric power source is
managing nuclear waste.

 d. Gas

Natural gas is a non-renewable fossil fuel formed from the remains of
tiny sea plants and animals that died 300-400 million years ago.
Approximately 90% of natural gas is composed of methane, but it also
contains other gases such as propane and butane

Discussion
1. Explain the importance of renewable energy.
2. Identify the non-renewable and renewable energy source.
3. State the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy

resource given
i. solar energy
ii. wind energy
 list and describe the wind turbine components

 Name part of the photovoltaic cell
 Explain Geothermal Electricity Production
 State the Biomass benefit can provide.