AMERICAN DIGGER MAGAZINE

Relics from the burial of Little Sorrel
include earth from several battlefields
where he had been present, and a
section of the rope used to lower his
cremated remains into the ground.
The stone, above, was salvaged from
Lexington Presbyterian Church where
Jackson worshipped and served as a
deacon and Sunday school teacher.
The display, along with a photo of the
1997 burial at VMI, is shown on the
previous page.

bagpiper played a haunting rendition of “Amazing Grace.” At Today, this shadow box occupies a place of honor in my relic
that moment, I felt a sacred connection to the history that had room and home office and serves as a reminder of the legacy of
occurred on those Virginia battlefields. After the ceremony, I Stonewall Jackson and Little Sorrel. It is history that I’ve saved
noticed one of the reenactors cutting the rope that had been for my children, grandchildren and future generations. I con-
used to lower the coffin into the grave into six-inch pieces. My sider myself a caretaker of these artifacts.
son asked the man for one of the lengths. At first, the reenactor
said that the pieces of rope were keepsakes (relics) for the other This all took place several years before I began relic hunt-
reenactors, but he later relented and gave my son one of the ing by using a metal detector. Though I’ve been a collector and
cut lengths. I then cut it in half so I too would have a relic from fascinated by relics and “old things” for as long as I can remem-
the event. I had just saved another piece of American history. ber, metal detecting has enabled me to add many additional
This was not the first time someone had saved a “relic” associ- relics to my collection. This includes pieces related to the War
ated with Little Sorrel. Appearing frequently at county fairs and Between the States, the American War for Independence, and
veterans’ reunions, Jackson’s old horse never failed to draw a other artifacts dating to the 18th, 19th and early 20th centu-
crowd. Cadets often had to stand guard around Little Sorrel to ries recovered from the ground here in Virginia. My two offices
prevent onlookers from plucking hairs from the horse’s mane have become museums.
and tail for souvenirs.
U nfortunately, those of us who are passionate
Three years later, on July 18, 2000 a fire caused extensive about relic hunting and collecting have our de-
damage to the Lexington Presbyterian Church where Jackson tractors. Anyone who has been a relic hunter
had worshiped and served as a deacon and Sunday school for any period of time has likely heard the insults: pot diggers,
teacher while a professor at VMI. The roof and steeple were grave robbers, pirates, profiteers of history, and so on. The slurs
consumed, causing an 850-pound church bell to drop through directed at relic hunters and metal detectorists often come from
the floor of the second-story gallery. Completed in 1845, much professional archaeologists and academic historians. Whether
of the original structure suffered extensive damage. born of ignorance, envy, or insecurity, these criticisms impugn
our integrity, our expertise, our motivations and, I hasten to
When I heard of the fire, I drove to Lexington with my add, our hard work and invaluable contribution to the pres-
family to view the damage of this historic structure. When I ervation and understanding of American history. It’s a slander
saw much of the rubble—pieces of brick, stone and charred and, quite frankly, I’ve grown rather tired of it. 
timbers—in piles in front of a large, green trash dumpster, I Of course, not all professional archaeologists and histori-
instinctively pulled my van to the curb and, to the shock of my ans are critical of our efforts. As a matter of fact, there seems
wife and children, got out and collected some of the discarded to be a growing number that have come to understand, and
pieces of brick. I had just saved more pieces of American his- even appreciate, our work and dedication. While harsh critics
tory. I felt that sacred connection once more. Later, I made a remain, the growing trend of respect is an encouraging devel-
shadow box with a piece of the church stone and my souvenirs opment. Perhaps this is due to the undeniable truth that relic
from Little Sorrel’s interment ceremony, along with a photo- hunters have made and are making enormous contributions to
graph of Little Sorrel being lowered into his final resting place.

November-December 2019 American Digger® 49

the collective knowledge of American history and preserva-
tion efforts.

One such historian who has taken note of our contribu-
tions is noted Civil War author and Virginia Tech history pro-
fessor, William C. Davis. In his book, The Battlefields of the
Civil War, Professor Davis makes this observation:

“Excavated Confederate used or manufactured objects are

considered rarities. Such items are hard evidence of what materi-

al was actually in use on the field. The location of such discoveries

can often give real corroboration to documentary evidence of the

issue of a specific type of weapon. While Federal laws prohibit-

ing excavation on Federal property are understandable, the loss

of historic objects to natural deterioration is not an acceptable

solution. This group of objects [pictured in the book] is an excel-

lent example of the diversity of Confederate arms and equipment Part of our job as caretakers is to preserve artifacts
carefully documented and preserved by dedicated relic hunters from further deterioration. This broken axe head and
and preservationists.” musket butt plate have both been electrolyzed and
coated with a sealant.
Most readers are aware of countless such examples as not-
____________

ed by Professor Davis; too numerous to list for the purposes
of this article. I think of myself and other relic hunters and describing. It is a spiritual experience. It is a sacred experience.
collectors as “caretakers of the sacred.” In 1828, Noah Webster And it is, in large part, what motivates us. We want to save that
defined a relic, in part, as: “That which remains; that which is which is at risk of being lost, at risk of decaying. We want to save
left after the loss or decay of the rest; as the relics of a town; the history. We want to preserve history for future generations. And
relics of magnificence; the relics of antiquity.” the proof that this is what motivates most of us, beyond our own
experiences and personal claims, is abundant. We will spend
Describing a relic as “sacred” may seem like hyperbole to hours—days even—removing rust from an iron relic so we can
some. But to those who hunt the fields, woods and streams of
their native sod in America, sacred is indeed appropriate. One preserve and display it. These items often have little monetary
of my favorite authors, Eric Sloane, value, but it’s the history we value—
caught the essence of what many of us that physical connection to the past; to
experience when we pull a relic from the dead. We will also spend hours and
the earth: days researching a site or a find; poring
over deeds, maps, through books and
internet sites, just so we might add
“Finding an ancient tool in a stone some provenance to a site or a relic.
fence or in a dark corner of some decay-
ing barn is receiving a symbol from an- But there is further proof that or-
other world, for it gives you a particular dinary Americans, collectors and relic
and interesting contact with the past. hunters are largely responsible for sav-
Men used to build and create as much ing and preserving much of American
for future generations as for their own relics and artifacts. That very point was
needs, so their tools have a special mes- made by none other than Smithsonian
sage for us and our time. When you hold Curator, William L. Bird. (Bird is also
an early implement, when you close the author of Souvenir Nation: Relics,

your hand over the worn wooden han- Keepsakes, and Curios from the Smith-

dle, you know exactly how it felt to the Nose section of a Hotchkiss shell, sonian’s National Museum of American
craftsman whose hand had smoothed it found by the author, that has been History, Princeton Architectural Press,
to its rich patina. In that instant you are preserved and treated. Live artillery 2015). As a 2015 article in Collectors
as close to that craftsman as you can be shells require one extra but critical Weekly titled, “The Relic Hunters Who
. . . In that moment you are near to an- step: they must be disarmed by a Saved History” noted:
other being in another life, and you are properly trained person. Disarming a
that much richer.” 1 shell is NOT a DIY project! Without amateur souvenir collec-
tors and relic hunters, the Smithsonian
Relic hunters and collectors alike Institution might never have become the
know exactly the feeling Sloane was renowned network of museums that it is

50 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6 1 A Museum of Early American Tools by Eric Sloane, 1964, Dover Publications

“We will spend hours—days even—removing rust from
an iron relic so we can preserve and display it. These items
often have little monetary value, but it’s the history we val-
ue—that physical connection to the past; to the dead. We
will also spend hours and days researching a site or a find;
poring over deeds, maps, through books and internet sites just
so we might add some provenance to a site or a relic.”

____________

today. “You really can’t have a national museum,” says Bird, “until

you have a nation of people collecting things, people who at least

have that concept in their head—the collecting ideal. As low-tech

and modest as some of these objects may be, they’re stand-ins for

this larger purpose of national memory.” So what makes a good sou-

venir? According to Bird, each one is a “little bit of memory” that’s

physically transportable. “Once you have it,” Bird says, “you can Civil War-era stirrups found and preserved by the
author. Without proper treatment, iron artifacts like
figuratively transport yourself back to that moment in time.” these continue to decay.

O nce again, we have a knowledgeable individual ____________
who, like Sloane, understands the ability of relics can be attributed to “amateur” relic hunters and collectors. Relic
to figuratively transport us “back to that moment hunters, collectors, and authors like Tom Dickey, Howard Crouch,
in time.” This sacred connection to the past is why so many of W. Reid Mckee, M.E. “Mac” Mason, Jr., Michael J. O’Donnell,
us also enjoy visiting museums and places like Mount Vernon, Charlie Harris, Stephen Sylvia, Bill Dancy (to name just a few)
Monticello, Civil War relic shows and battlefields. These experi- and, of course, magazines like this one, have made incalculable
ences connect us to our past, transport us back in time and do contributions to our knowledge about historical artifacts in
indeed, make us that much richer. America, and contributed to their preservation. Without their
As pointed out by Davis and Bird, it is a well-established passion and work, we would all be that much poorer.
fact that much of what we know about Civil War accoutrements,
troop movements, artillery, uniforms and other historical artifacts So the next time you recover a relic from the ground or se-
cure that elusive piece for your collection
Quality & Rarity from eBay or some other source, takeDug & Non-Dug
pride in the fact that you are saving and
preserving a part of history. And if you’re
criticized for being a relic hunter just
smile and say, “You’re welcome” and be
grateful that you may be counted among
the caretakers of the sacred and that your
efforts “tell of the memories of long van-
ished days.” That is reward enough.

Quartermaster General Relics Richard G. Williams, Jr. of Virginia’s
quartermastergeneralrelics.com Shenandoah Valley, is the author of
five books and an avid relic hunter. Vis-
757-746-7567 it his web page at http://battlesand-
bones.com/ and his You-
John Harris, proprietor tube channel at http://
www.youtube.com/user/
stonewallbook.
November-December 2019 American Digger® 51

The .44 Caliber Photos & bullet example courtesy of Ed Travis
Tennessee Rifle Ball

Once identified
as being for a Kerr
rifle, this bullet’s

true origins are
now known.

By Dean S. Thomas

If South Carolina was ready This July 17, 1861 notice by the Military and Financial or armory to claim and
for war on April 12, 1861, Board sought .44 caliber Tennessee rifles. bring into the fold.
it might have been a good
idea for the state to consult with The removal of Ten-
the other states destined to be nessee from the Union was
her allies, at least as far as their a complicated affair orches-
preparedness for a conflict was trated by Governor Isham
concerned, because South Caro- G. Harris over a period of
lina and the fledgling Southern some seven months.  Agi-
Confederacy needed all the help tated by Abraham Lincoln’s
it could muster.  One of those victory in the presiden-
potential allies was Tennessee, tial election of November
not far to the northwest over the 1860, and following South
mountains of North Carolina.  Carolina’s lead, in January,
Tennessee, like Virginia, Arkan- Harris urged the General
sas, and North Carolina, was still Assembly to reorganize the
uncommitted to the Confeder- state militia and appropri-
ate States of America when Fort ate funds to purchase arms
Sumter was bombarded.  All four and ammunition.  Second-
states would eventually join the ly, he wanted approval of
“Cause.”  However, of the four, a secession convention “to
only Tennessee lacked a valu- take into consideration our
able asset like a federal arsenal federal relations, and de-
termine what action shall

52 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

Original note card and photograph from author’s study
of these bullets shows two very slight variations. On
the previous page a teat base variant is shown.

____________

be taken by the State of Tennessee for the security of the rights A receipt for cartridges (including Tennessee Rifle
and powers of the citizens.” 1 Although the first measure was bullets) made at the Nashville Penitentiary and
defeated, the General Assembly agreed to allow the voters’ delivered to Capt. Moses Wright.
input in determining if such a convention should be held. 
However, in early February the call for a convention was ____________
defeated by nearly 12,000 Unionist votes, and Harris was
powerless to enjoin Tennessee to connect with the Con- By order of S. R. Anderson, 
federacy. Maj. Gen. W. C. Whitthorne, Assist. Adj. Gen.

Two months later, in April, after the firing on Fort Sum- Division General Orders No. 4.
ter and Lincoln’s call for troops, Governor Harris called the Division Headquarters, Nashville, Tenn.
General Assembly into an extraordinary session.  Later that June 3, 1861.
same month Harris argued for Tennessee’s “right of revolu- The Major-General, commanding in Middle Tennessee,
tion,” and the legislature provided him with a “declaration of will receive and muster into the service of the State, from this
independence” subject to a popular vote. In early June, by a division, two thousand riflemen.  Companies will furnish
more than a two-to-one majority, the voters took Tennessee their own rifles—The Tennessee rifle—and when mustered
out of the Union. in, the State will furnish the Minié ball.  Experiments already
made demonstrate that with this ball the Tennessee rifle, in
Even before the “secession” referendum, at Harris’ urg- the hands of our troops, is the most formidable weapon in the
ing, the General Assembly passed the Provisional Army of world.
Tennessee act.  This legislation established an army of 55,000 The Major-General will also receive and muster into the
volunteers, authorized the governor to issue $5 million service of the State five companies of cavalry, each private to
worth of bonds, and named Harris as head of the Military be armed with a strong double-barreled shot gun, to be fur-
and Financial Board to supervise the military fund in mak- nished by himself and paid for by the State.  The State will
ing contracts for military supplies and defense. 2  Among furnish the other arms.  Each mounted man furnishes his own
numerous initiatives, by the end of May the convicts in the horse.
state penitentiary at Nashville were making small arms car- By order of Major-General,
tridges and other products. 3 S. R. Anderson.
W. C. Whitthorne,
As Tennessee struggled to arm her troops, the Military Assistant Adjutant General
Board announced three important decisions:
November-December 2019 American Digger® 53
To the People of Middle Tennessee
The service requires the use of a thousand strong double-
barrelled shot guns, and you will render important aid to
the State by forwarding them to the Financial Bureau, at
Nashville, immediately, for which fair compensation will be
allowed.  Your prompt attention will be appreciated.

A rather fancy traditional full stock Tennessee Rifle. By the
time the Civil War came around, most had been converted to
percussion fire. Photo courtesy of aspenshadeltd.com

Experiments with the Minié Ball Interestingly, on the same day this newspaper piece was
Experiments conducted for several days by direction of published, the Board placed an order with J. G. Miner for
the Military and Financial Board demonstrate that the Minié bullet moulds:
ball, in the Tennessee rifle with the same charge of powder
used with the round ball has a range and force three fold that You will have Bullet Moulds made to cast Minié Balls for
of the round ball. the Common Rifle to suit Guns of the caliber of 40, 50, 60, 80
A rifle carrying 100 balls to the pound, used with the or- & 100 to the pound, & also to fit the Miss. Rifle.
dinary sight is, at 300 yards, a most deadly weapon, project-
ing the ball with greater accuracy and force than the rifled In mid-June another notice appeared in the Nashville
musket.  The rifle of larger caliber has greater range and force. Patriot in regard to “The Minié Ball:”
The ball should be of less diameter than the round ball,
so as to admit of great rapidity in loading.  The cartridges Experiments have demonstrated that this ball used in the
should be dipped, or if a cartridge is not used, the ball should common rifle is of the most effective kind.  Those persons hav-
be dipped to a compound of beeswax and tallow, and a patch ing rifles would do well to have these balls for their ordinary
should not be used.  A rifle thus used may be fired 100 times use.  Moulds of any size can be promptly made by Mr. Wm.
without cleaning. Rear, opposite the counting room of this office, on Deaderick
It is thought proper to call the attention of the people of street.  Give him a call and see for yourselves.
the State to this fact, so that they may know the value of the
weapon which all possess. 4 Five days later, Governor Harris, as Commander in
Chief of the Tennessee Militia, issued “General Orders No.
The Memphis Daily Avalanche treated its readers to a 1.”  It was recommended that all rifles be prepared to use the
front page discussion of the Minié ball: Minié ball:

The Minié Ball – Make a Note of this. General Orders. No. 1.
The shape of this ball is what gives range to the so-called Adjutant General’s Office
Minié rifle.  The ball is named after Capt. Minié, a French of- Nashville, Tenn., June 21, 1861
ficer of distinction. Commanders of the Militia of Tennessee will proceed
Any rifle no matter what is its bore, can be made a Minié forthwith to organize, muster and drill their commands, pre-
rifle, by simply casting a ball of the elongated shape, hollowed paratory to active service in the field at a moment’s call – Each
at the bottom, and having circular grooves about the lower Captain will muster his company once in every month.
end, and using that ball, because Capt. Minié has no especial The Colonel of each regiment, and in the event of a va-
rifle for his ball.  Any ordinary rifle can thus be made into a cancy in the Colonelship, the Captain of each company will
so-called Minié rifle. report immediately to this office the strength of his regiment
The length of the ball should be about twice the bore of or company, and also the number of rifles, shotguns, muskets,
the rifle, and it should go into the bore very easily, so as not to swords and other weapons of war, owned by those subject to
drop out.  The ball having a hollow, the powder drives the lead military duty, or living within his said command.
against the grooves, so that it is not so important to have the It is recommended that all rifles be at once prepared for
ball fit very tight. the use of the Minié ball and made similar in bore, length,
Any rifle having a bore from four-tenths to seven-tenths lock and the like, according to instructions which have already
of an inch, will make a good Minié rifle by first using this ball. been furnished by the Military Board to the proper officer of
If the bore is about six-tenths of an inch, the ball must be every county.
made a little less in length than twice the size of the bore, oth- A pair of model moulds will, when they can be prepared, be
erwise the ball will be too heavy.  It should never weigh over deposited in the office of the County Court Clerk of each county.
twelve to the pound. Commanders will vigilantly see that all vacancies in the

54 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

offices in their respective commands are filled without delay.  of 1861; however, some records were later pieced together
By command of and show that at least as early as November 1, 1861,
the state penitentiary was producing Tennessee Rifle
Gov. Isham G. Harris, cartridges.  We know that by the time of the evacuation
Commander-in-Chief. of Nashville in February 1862, at least 95,000 Tennessee
James W. McHenry, Adjutant General. Rifle cartridges were received from the penitentiary and
issued to troops at Clarksville and Knoxville, Tennessee;
Shortly thereafter, the Board determined upon .44 cal. Bowling Green, Kentucky; Forts Henry and Donelson,
as the standard for refitting the “country” or “Kentucky” Tennessee; Sycamore Powder Mills (also in Tennessee),
rifles to be used by the state.  Theoretically, the Tennes- and Crittenden’s command.
see rifle Minié ball had three grooves and a conical cavity,
but it is apparent that other profiles were equally success- Among the supplies removed from the Nashville Ar-
ful.  The main drawbacks to the extended use of Tennes- senal to its new home in Atlanta were 1,039 pounds of
see rifles were that they were cumbersome and generally Tennessee Rifle balls that equated to about 27,500 bullets. 
would not stand up to military campaigning.  The .44 cal. Some of these were eventually made into cartridges, but it
cartridge contained 40-46 grains of powder.  The largest is not believed that any Tennessee Rifle balls were ever cast
producer of these rounds was the Nashville Arsenal: at the Atlanta laboratory.

Military and Financial Board Notes:
Nashville, Tenn., July 17th, 1861. 1. W. Buck Yearns, ed., The Confederate Governors, (University of Georgia Press,
A liberal price will be paid for every gun of the following 1985), p. 187.
description, on delivery, at the Armory in Nashville:  Length 2. Ibid., p. 188-9.
of barrel, 2 feet 9 inches; caliber, 44 1/100 of an inch – carry- 3. The Memphis Daily Appeal quoting the Nashville Patriot, May 23, 1861, p. 2.
ing a round ball of 60 to the pound; whose length of gun 48 4. Nashville Patriot, June 24, 1861. 
inches; stock heavier than the ordinary Tennessee Rifle, butt For much more on the Nashville Arsenal, see Dean S. Thomas’s Confederate Arse-
nearly straight.  The muzzle to be turned round for a bayo- nals, Laboratories, and Ordnance Depots, Volume 2, p. 731-775.
net, 7/8 inch in diameter and three inches in length.
The Rifles not to exceed five in number – to be very shal- Dean Thomas has been actively digging and recovering
low – lands and groves of equal width.  The trigger to be artifacts since 1968, and is a noted authority on Civil War
single; Sights to be adjusted for a range of 100 yards with the ammunition. He is also the author of several books on the
round ball. subject, all of which are highly recommended.
Every gun-smith in the State can make the gun de-
scribed. American_Digger_1_6th_Ad.pdf 1 3/13/19 4:22 PM
The Board again urges the vital importance of this work,
and solicits proposals and inquiries.  A gauge of the exact November-December 2019 American Digger® 55
size of bore required, will be furnished to every gunsmith or
person who will agree to work for the State.
N. S. Brown,
W. G. Harding,
J. E. Bailey.

Quite a “family” of Tennessee Rifle bullets have
been recovered by relic hunters that fit theC
description of these small “Minié” balls.  ThereM
are 3-cannelure (grooves) varieties, 2-cannelure varietiesY,
and no-ring specimens. (See Round Ball to Rimfire:  ACM
History of Civil War Small Arms Ammunition—Part FourMY,
pages 185 and 186.) By far the most common type is the .44CY
cal. with three grooves and a small “teat” in the cavity.  It isCMY
the writer’s opinion that this was the only Tennessee RifleK
ball made and shipped from the Nashville Arsenal, and the
one that was misidentified as intended for the English Kerr
rifles that did not enter the theatre until December 1863.

Most of the early records and correspondence from
the Nashville Arsenal were destroyed in a fire in December

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56 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

A New Home For the

Lookout
Mountain
Cave Guns

A lifetime of searching brought these The display of cave rifles at Lookout Mountain.
muskets back together, and now they

have a new home for all to see

by Jon Chadwick & Courtlyn Ison

Photos by Teresa Harris

For ages, spectators and residents of Chattanooga, At the center of the celebration was the cumulation of the
Tennessee have been genuinely captivated by its scen- efforts of Police Chief Chuck Wells and Carnegie Hero 1
ery. There is no vantage point of the city better than Charlie “Skip” Harris to find the perfect open-to-the-pub-
that from atop Lookout Mountain. In fact, the breathtaking lic home for a spectacular display for some very important
view from Point Park is believed by many to be unparal- Civil War artifacts that were found within the caverns of
leled anywhere in our nation. However, history has proven Lookout Mountain.  Charlie Harris’s 2018 book, The History
that what is hidden within the mountain is just as exciting and Story of the Lookout Mountain Civil War Musket Cave
as what is around it.  From the world’s largest underground Guns, tells the amazing story of nine Civil War muskets that
waterfall—Ruby Falls—to seemingly endless miles of caves, were left and later discovered in a cave on the side of the
to buried elements of Civil War history, the mountain has mountain.
many closely guarded treasures.  
When Chuck learned the story of the Lookout Moun-
On May 16th, 2019 many of the amazing folks of Look- tain Cave Rifles, his vision of displaying the collection of
out Mountain came together at the town hall and fire hall to guns, while honoring the man who has dedicated his life
celebrate and embrace some important, unearthed treasures.  to finding and preserving them, was born. With the help of
Pictured from left: author Jon Chadwick; police chief Lookout Mountain Mayor Walker Jones, Chuck worked to
bring these pieces of history home to Lookout Mountain. At
Chuck Wells; author, curator, and historian Charlie first, none of the guns were for sale.  However, when passion
Harris; and Lookout Mountain Mayor Walker Jones. and persistence merge, mountains can be moved.  Chuck
shared his vision with Charlie and, together with several
other key individuals, worked to bring the story of the cave
guns to life. 

In 1931 a Chattanooga lawyer, Mr. Watson, was hiking
around the west side of Lookout Mountain and discovered a
cave. Upon exploring the cave he stumbled upon nine Civil
War muskets leaning against the back wall. Each weighed
approximately 10 pounds, so he carried the 90 pounds of
history down the mountain and displayed them at his of-
fice in downtown Chattanooga. When Mr. Watson died in
the mid-1950s, his wife had no use for the “junk” and gave
the guns to anyone who wanted them. The nine guns were
sadly dispersed all over the south. Charlie Harris, age 78,
has spent over 60 years locating seven of the nine guns and
acquiring six. Charlie’s Civil War expertise and enthusiasm,
with the help of numerous others in Chattanooga, have re-
turned the six to Lookout Mountain.

November-December 2019 American Digger® 57

With many years of studying the “Battle Above the Charles Harris tells the story of the cave guns at their
Clouds,” Charlie learned that General Moore’s bri- new home in Lookout Mountain, Tennessee.
gade of Union soldiers was captured and exchanged _______________
earlier, leaving them no weapons for training. A large number
of obsolete muskets were found for them in a building, some totaling 14,000 began a sweeping maneuver to the north and
with bent barrels and others with missing parts, but all the around the summit of the mountain. This is the story of the
same they were able to use them for training purposes. Often- “Battle Above the Clouds” that lasted from sunrise to 12:00 PM
times they didn’t have the proper ammunition and had to ram that day. For some reason the nine obsolete weapons were left
leaves down the barrel to keep the bullets from falling out. in the cave, where they remained until their discovery.

In early October of 1863 Moore’s brigade was ordered to If you find yourself intrigued by the history or just so hap-
come to Chattanooga, being promised new weapons as soon pen to drive that way, stop into the Lookout Mountain Town
as they arrived. However, they were required to bring their old Hall to see the proud display and learn more about the story
training guns with them. Once they arrived in Chattanooga, of these cave guns.
there were no new weapons. Weeks later they were sent to
the foot of Lookout Mountain with the same promise of new  
arms, but still did not receive them. Finally in mid-November
they were ordered up onto the side of Lookout Mountain to Jon Chadwick grew up around his step-dad, Charlie Harris, and
face General Walthall and about 2,500 Confederate soldiers, has seen Charlie’s relic collection grow. Jon unknowingly showed
with instructions to leave their tents and bring their old weap- that he knew more than suspected when he began to explain to
ons with them. They were told new equipment would be wait- his friends about individual items in the Harris collection.
ing for them at their new destination. Again, though, there
were no new rifles. And no new tents, either.

The temperature dropped to about five degrees and brought
along four inches of snow. With no tents for shelter, at least one
squad migrated around to the west side of the mountain and
found a cave in which to shelter. On November 24, Yankees

______________________________

1 Charles S. Harris received the Carnegie Hero Award after an incident
in Guntersville, Alabama in 1962. According to the Award Foundation,
“Barbara, 8, and Betty, 10, were in the rear seat of the family coupe
which plunged into Big Spring Creek following a collision, tilted onto
its side, and sank in water 11 feet deep 30 feet from the nearest bank.
The girls’ parents, two brothers, and a sister escaped through an open
door window and were aided to the bank by others. The mother pleaded
for someone to get Barbara and Betty. Harris, wearing walking shorts,
swam to where three men atop the sunken coupe had reached down-
ward through the open window but had failed to find the girls. Harris
told the men to hold him by the ankles so he could partly enter the au-
tomobile. He said he would signal when he wanted to be pulled up. The
men held his ankles, and Harris thrust his arms, head, and shoulders
downward through the window opening. He groped about the front
seat but found no one before being pulled up for air. On the third at-
tempt he found Barbara caught beneath the steering post. Harris freed
her, and the men drew them to the surface. Barbara was taken to the
bank, where she was revived. After failing to find Betty during further
lengthy submersions, Harris submerged without the men holding him
and wholly entered the front compartment. He then moved through a
12-inch space between a floating seat cushion and the bent backrest of
the front seat. In the rear compartment he found Betty. With his lungs
paining him greatly, Harris attempted to move back into the front sec-
tion with Betty, but the space between the cushion and the backrest was
too small. Badly in need of air he thrust his feet through the narrow
space. He then moved into the front section and out through the win-
dow opening, drawing Betty after him. Harris was gasping for breath
when he surfaced with Betty, who could not be revived.”

58 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

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InSTPohaolditksiHeeAV&oIrroqsPwslPCs.ue’1RuhHriwRt3aeeDeiooepltsF:iicwCcegaseCrernroInWrledtBdetvtmBoeeooahFMeGFnukritnoFeteunatditrBcdifntilnGsDhsc&Peoue,rdaiiMsr&nlgrnetBligiaoes&vaoRuReVrttnytearteei,ise!CoPtrclMsoagainrocntHonicolsdnHlhssoneiCRopeeawtcoeflesatplAtliAcne2oeumtcaA0dnHrotoen1rsruGrt7rtsGASPRBADvRORiAH4rRooaioiInrcf.L5sonoiliaeeulrfeCiaadcFdnPFoRae.c0oAtlntil.wicknwoRiiaTngloinweR-tncwdFtrtfwcDOMenhrdlecrdwcDoersgwwoeRSgtHirotIeicLtiiwI.isssawha&MsssgclgedAFuoisuu.ePmlHep.VRavosdaugaiantoertcueInnmooaoewaeumWweetiuewrsttFnnkrllciniltRetwnsc2.RrdwenrrfiewMsrihRtdrcaiWiAaFh1y’reYcwtweFiena-snziwusnsnieci3&ycYcRiflM.hwCdItocnleiaa.oacoNnaidMegdaasitine.HeRecignmeduaPneCSuncdmervant:drgdI’mldoToncdaanCedelshanieked?yeiiSMtuceirhgertstlbarttrgqrean.riPireMXscigciAeiiusvgW,FcyF-bfrMIcnorneoaiauiFVeadTtcaieium!cRicAirntynSaboFrnoUnnnr.uiinehehik.cdCacendrddFcecrfTAodrbnln,iWneoTgtnihieueigoecsDligRhgMlhcgisrmmAetnobMlfMgmo!gt,tlegisCoigaMii,teepeoeotaundnkfateninIhiuPreatrniRomnh.rerlh,nr.orcneiTgicRltgg.cdsreeoncolcteteoprueaaonHseiFeFokmt!soelDnsgGTlczmfStermeimiaeliei!tsoiaCoenhnTcaninrJohncmt,ohrt,enklidebwinHisndesPesVsmswfei,uogcWlrt:,aoArIyreTtoenossfeForlDNBVssrtrseierCyioeMpnayougkesli/aredtt.gveerCt1eTccsiHn$N:olr3hlhte6s-udleiAW.ao9nianpwn5tGnManrAgtidlMoUarieAHaCr2SlaC$dCI$crad0A.lTyS6nkhS6$o1a-em.DMhO6J7J-.l9.apA9ml.Teuuai5eu9tB5pnpgl-$nhcr5M$Oytprcu6estsU6-ciiUohAU.lash.cta9S9r-SuS2gAk52Ais5s2gIAAa0rp0l0suz1eeUr11Ussii77n7lStSuVeAA2oe2f0l0o:.11Ir17s73Dsuigeg3ersThaendMCagoalzleincetofrosr DiggersIsasnudeC4ollectors Phone in your order at 770-362-8671
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...Current Events... Current Events... Current Events...

November 8-10, 2019: Kentucky Dam Native American Relic Show, 113 February 7-9, 2020: Quartzsite Gold, Treasure & Craft Show, QIA Building,
Administration Ave, Gilbertsville, Kentucky. Info: Call Ron Smith, (270) 252- 235 N. Ironwood, Quartzsite, Arizona. Info: QuartzsiteAZGoldShow@gmail.
6489 or email [email protected] com or call (928) 927-5479.

November 9, 2019: Austin Metal Detecting Club Veterans’ Day Open Hunt, February 28-29, 2020: Civil War/Old West Relic Show, Vicksburg Auditorium,
Old Settlers Rv Park, 3300 E Palm Valley Blvd, Round Rock, Texas. Info: Jim 1401 Walnut St, Vicksburg, Miss. Info: Charles Pendleton 601-218-5526 or
Lawhon – [email protected] or visit amdconline.com/ email [email protected]

Featured November 16-17, 2019: Capitol of the Confederacy Civil War March 6-7, 2020: 53rd Mid-South Military History & Civil War Show, Landers
Event! Show, Richmond Raceway Complex, 600 E. Laburnum Ave., Center, 4560 Venture Dr., Southaven, Miss. Info: Donald Harrison, (901) 832-
Richmond, Va. (770) 630-7296, email [email protected], or 4708; LeeAnn Robertson, (662) 279-0538; [email protected]
visit MKShows.com. See ad on page 60.
March 21-22, 2020: The Baltimore Antique Arms Show, Maryland State
Featured December 7-8, 2019: Middle Tennessee Civil War Show, Fairgrounds Cow Palace, 2200 York Road, Timonium, Maryland. Info: email
Event! Williamson County Ag Expo Park, 4215 Long Lane, Franklin, [email protected] or visit www.baltimoreshow.com/
Tenn. (770) 630-7296, email [email protected], or visit
MKShows.com. See ad on page 60. April 4-5, 2020: Corinth Civil War Show, Crossroads Arena, 2800 S. Harper
Rd, Corinth, Miss. Info: Dennis Brown (662) 212-4621, [email protected]
Featured January 4-5, 2020: American Digger® Lowcountry Civil War & or Buddy Ellis (662) 665-1419 or [email protected]
Event! Artifact Show, 176 Patriots Pt. Rd., Mt. Pleasant, S.C. Info: (716)
574-0465; [email protected] or [email protected]. April 17-18, 2020: NVRHACivil War Show, Fredericksburg Expo Center,
See ad on page 66. 2371 Carl D. Silver Parkway, Fredericksburg, VA. Info: email civilwarshow@
nvrha.com or visit http://www.nvrha.com/show.html

May 2-3, 2020: Ohio Civil War & Artillery Show, Richland Co. Fairgrounds,
Mansfield, Ohio. Info: visit www.ohiocivilwarshow.com

Featured February 1-2, 2020: Chickamauga Civil War & Military Show, July 25-26, 2020: American Digger® Chattanooga Civil War & Artifact Show,
Event! NW Georgia Trade & Convention Ctr., Dalton, Ga. (770) 630- Camp Jordan Arena, 323 Camp Jordan Pkwy., East Ridge, Tenn. Info: (770) 362-
7296, email [email protected], or visit MKShows.com. See 8671 or (716) 574-0465; [email protected] or [email protected]
ad on page 60.
List your hunt or show here for free! Requests must be submitted at least eight weeks ahead of time to:
[email protected] or “Events” c/o American Digger®, PO Box 126, Acworth, GA 30101.

We reserve the right to edit or refuse listings.

Promoters of Quality Shows for
Collectors, Hunters, Shooters,
and Civil War Enthusiasts.

Civil War Shows Gun & Knife Shows

Capital of the Confederacy Myrtle Beach Gun & Knife Show
Richmond Raceway Complex Myrtle Beach, SC
Nov. 2 & 3, 2019
Richmond, VA

Nov. 16 & 17, 2019

In association with the CVCWCA

Middle Tennessee (Franklin) Charleston Gun & Knife Show
Williamson County Ag Expo Park Ladson, SC

Franklin, TN Nov. 30 & Dec. 1, 2019
Dec. 7 & 8, 2019
Columbia Gun & Knife Show
Chickamauga Civil War Show Columbia, SC
NW Georgia Trade & Convention
Dec. 14 & 15, 2019
Ctr., Dalton, GA
Feb. 1 & 2, 2020

Mike Kent & Associates, LLC
PO Box 685 • Monroe, Georgia 30655
(770) 630-7296 • [email protected] •

60 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

The Ring Finder Reviews If you are interested in acquiring
By Steve Zazulyk general knowledge on the hobby of
The thing I found most interest- ring finding, this is the book for you.
MSRP $16.99 ing, and which might be very helpful I very much enjoyed it, and look for-
Paperback, 111 pages to anyone perhaps hoping to emulate ward to anything else that Mr. Zazulyk
Published by IngramSpark the author’s remarkable success in might pen in the future
www.ingramspark.com/ ring recoveries and resultant finan-
cial rewards, is the succinct advice he ____________
____________ provides on speaking by phone with
potential clients. He covers specific Overstreet Indian Arrowheads
The Ring Finder is divided into questions that a ring finder should Identification and Price Guide:
eleven brief chapters. Provid- ask during every initial conversation,
ed therein is both interesting and when and how to respond to que- 15th Edition
background information on how the ries from the individual who has lost By Robert Overstreet
author came into his part-time pro- a ring. Everything the author writes
fession, and lessons on how to make about this made perfect sense to me, MSRP $32.99
successful ring recoveries on land and though I would have never considered Paperback, 1120 pages
under the water. or come up with these on my own.
Krause Publications
The author provides good, useful, I found very few negatives with www.krausebooks.com/
practical information that can be ap- this short book. I do wish the author
plied to really any kind of detecting. had gone into a little more detail con- ____________
Proper search techniques, clothing, cerning techniques of underwater de-
and equipment are discussed. Even if tecting. Secondly, a comment on one Anyone who has been an arrow-
you think you already know all that page, “A gold target will be displayed head collector for any amount of
you should carry, wear, or have near- as the number ‘15’ on your screen,” time likely has a dog-eared copy
by and available when you go detect- seems to imply that any detector of Robert Overstreet’s Indian Arrowheads
ing, I bet you can still learn with a screen will produce this exact
a few lessons from Mr. Za- number if the unit’s search coil passes Identification and Price Guide
zulyk on these matters. The over gold. I also wish the book con- somewhere at arm’s length. If
importance of proper adver- tained a brief discussion on the par- you don’t have a copy handy,
tising and effectively using ticular models of detectors which are here is why you should.
social media are also delved best suited for water and underwater
into. Effectual still and video detecting. But I suspect the author’s For the moment let’s for-
photography is examined. avoidance of mentioning specific de- get the “Price Guide” part of
The writer certainly practices tector models might have been delib- the title and instead focus on
what he preaches, because erate, because detector technology is “Identification.” Within its
The Ring Finder is crammed constantly improving. Therefore, any many pages are over 12,000
with dozens of stunning col- detectors he might have considered images of stone points from
or photographs. mentioning would likely be outdated ten different geographical re-
in a very brief time. All of the above gions of the USA. These are
are far outweighed by the positive as- arranged in sections, with an
pects of this “how to” publication.

November-December 2019 American Digger® 61

overview of the points for easy reference. If you want to test on land and compared it against quality under water. As
identify the point you just found, there is no better way this is something I knew would be of interest to other water
than looking in the appropriate geographical section and hunters and dive detectorists, I wanted to share a summary
searching through the “quick-start” photos that preface of my review of each with our readers.
each section. Minelab Equinox Submersible Stock Headphones

Through the book’s added informative articles and The stock Minelab headphones are submersible up to
sidebars, this is much more than an identification refer- two hundred feet and have a reasonable volume level at
ence. Also contained within is information designed to depth or on land (ranging around nine on the decimeter
help anyone understand stone tool manufacturing, grad- test). They retail at $149 USD and carry the usual warran-
ing, materials, and values. ty (three years) Minelab offers for most of their products,
which is always a bonus. They come in bright yellow, which
Speaking of published values: while useful to estimate makes them easy to see under water.
an artifact’s rarity or monetary value for insurance purpos-
es, those who buy and sell know that the only real market The downside to these headphones is the fit of the head-
value is whatever is agreed upon by the buyer and seller. band. They are too convex in shape and can begin to hurt
Values can change overnight based on supply and demand. the top center of the head after prolonged use. In addition,
they don’t clinch onto your head very well, and there are no
Overstreet’s Indian Arrowheads Identification and Price additional tightening options for the unit on your ears. This
Guide has long set the standard of arrowhead reference makes it easy for them to fall off and drag behind you while
books, and each edition gets better, adding more informa- fanning a hole.
tion and types. Whether you are first hearing about this Detector Pro Gray Ghost Amphibian ll Headphones
“Arrowhead Bible,” as it is sometimes called, or need to
replace your well-worn previous edition, the Overstreet These headphones retail around $160.00 USD and, as
Indian Arrowheads Identification and Price Guide: 15th with all Gray Ghost headphones, they come with a two-year
Edition should be in every arrowhead collector’s library. warranty for any factory defects on material and workman-
ship. They are rated for performance in depths of up to two
____________ hundred feet.

Minelab Equinox 800 Underwater With their high-quality design, these headphones are im-
Headphones Comparison: pressive straight out of the box—which is another thing that’s
common with all Gray Ghost products. They fit snug to your
Minelab Equinox submersible stock headphones ears, and the curvature of the headband leaves room above the
Detector Pro Gray Ghost Underwater Amphibian II crown of your head (so they remain comfortable, even with
prolonged use). The headband and ear cups have twenty-four
Tony Eisenhower underwater headphones adjustable settings; ensuring a great fit for all “custom-sized”
heads. Further to that, the connectors, heavy duty wiring, and
Stock Minelab Grey Ghost Tony Eisenhower heat shrinkable tube connectors are placed strategically on
___________________________ the headphones, giving them a nice, tidy appearance.

As a water hunter and dive detectorist, I know that a On the decimeter test, these headphones hit an astound-
quality set of headphones can make all the difference. ing fourteen, and their underwater sound quality continued
So, over the months of June to August, I ran a com- to be excellent even after more than one hundred dives. Over-
parison of three different sets of submersible headphones: all, whether diving in the water or water hunting and walking
Minelab Equinox submersible stock headphones, the Detec- through the water, these headphones were super comfortable
tor Pro Gray Ghost Underwater Amphibian II headphones, around my ears, durable, and gave off great sound.
and the Tony Eisenhower underwater headphones. Tony Eisenhower Underwater Headphones

I measured the three on price, style, fit, and sound clar- I first found out about these headphones by watching
ity and volume. As for sound performance, I ran a decimeter YouTube reviews. Hearing many positive comments, I de-
sound test on all three of the headphones. I conducted the cided to reach out direct to Tony Eisenhower to get more
62 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6 information on them; and wow, was I ever glad I did—he
really knows his stuff!

He sent me a pair to try out, and right away, I realized
these were a very high-end pair of headphones. For those of
you that are “tech junkies,” this little part of the review is for
you. The headphone design starts with a pair of modified,
white MSA left/right earmuffs and adds speaker drivers

made from two-inch Piezoelectric elements mounded to
phenolic plates. The connector is custom-made from an
Amphenol M12 four-pin plug and a 3.5 TRS audio plug.
Everything is potted in either epoxy or silicone, so the
connector, as well as the headphones, are waterproof at
depths up to two hundred feet.

The headphones retail for $175.00 USD (shipping in-
cluded) and features a full warranty against factory defects,
both in line with the Gray Ghost headphones. The most im-
pressive part of the headphones was how snug they fit on
the head. As with the Gray Ghost headphones, they have
multiple adjustment points, ensuring a rock-solid and com-
fortable fit for any size or shape of head. Finally, the decimal
reading was also a solid fourteen, with the underwater qual-
ity continuing to perform test-after-test.
Final Thoughts

While the Grey Ghost and Eisenhower headphones
ranked higher for sound quality and overall fit and style, the
Minelab stock headphones still held up well enough for me
to continue using them on hunts, alongside the other two.
Choice really does come down to personal preference, bud-
get, and overall comfort.

November-December 2019 American Digger® 63

Reader’s Contest The Easiest Way
To Archive Your
We invite our readers to find the gold coin hid-
den in this issue. Not just any gold coin; it will be Collection
the photo shown here (black and white or color),
and likely a different size. If you find the coin in First Month: Save 50%
this issue, contact us before midnight, November 25, 2019.
Please include your full name and address. The winner will Visit: RelicRecord.com/AmericanDigger
be drawn from the correct entries emailed to anita@ameri-
candigger.com, or mailed to AD Contest, Box 126, Acworth, RELICS &BONESTM
GA, 30101. The winner will receive a copy of Treasures
From Space by Geoff Notkin courtesy of www.aerolite.org HISTORY & STUFF

Last issue’s winner was Mike Jackson of Horton, AL who Richard G. Williams, Jr. ~ Proprietor & Curator
found the hidden coin on page 7. Mike wins a Gold Claw
gold panning kit, courtesy of GoldClaw.com RelicsandBones.com

STAY INFORMED! World’s leading magazine for metal detectorists
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64 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

Steve around the world that provide scuba certifications, allowing you
Zazulyk’s to find one that’s close to home. As well, most local dive shops
offer courses, and upon completion of the course, you will certify
Below the with the organization they identify with.
Surface
No matter which organization you certify under, all of them
There’s more than just follow strict guidelines and offer well-equipped instructors that
treasure down there... will provide you training on how to be safe and well informed in as
many levels and specialties of scuba diving you choose to pursue.
How to Start Scuba Diving
Learning to Dive - Courses for Beginners
Iwas recently interviewed on the American Digger Relic With scuba diving, your comfort level in the water is the first
Roundup podcast and was asked, “How would someone get step. People often have the misconception that they have to be an
into scuba diving?” Great question, and worthy of this issue’s Olympic swimmer to become a diver. This isn’t true. In fact, the
column. only real prerequisites needed to obtain your certification is to
be able to tread water for ten minutes and to swim unassisted for
For those who want to add scuba diving to their metal de- two hundred meters in a pool.
tecting résumé, or those that just want to start exploring the PADI actually offers a “Discover Suba Diving” course where
wonders that exist below the surface, I wanted to talk about the the participants aren’t even required to pass a swimming test.
importance of certifying yourself as well as share what the entry- These classes are held in small groups, either in pools or in shal-
level scuba diving courses look like. low water. Their goal is for you to discover and get a taste of what
it’s like to be below the surface (before you actually get under it).
Diving is a Sport for Everyone You will get a hands-on look at what is involved, discover what a
Certified scuba divers have literally opened up 70% more buoyancy compensator is, and will get to practice breathing from
of the planet as their “playing field” and have created countless a scuba diving regulator and air tank.
more opportunities and locations for detecting. As you know, Once you go through these basic instructions and learn how
diving is my favorite part of our hobby, and when combined with to use and wear the equipment, you will join the larger beginner’s
underwater metal detecting, it is truly an amazing adventure. class in the pool and be slowly introduced to breathing under-
When I first started diving, the thing I was most surprised water. I remember the first time I went under—I literally felt like
about is the number of people from all walks of life in every Jacques Cousteau and James Bond, all in a mere four feet of wa-
shape, size, age, and ability you could imagine. In my first class, ter. I was immediately hooked and decided to continue onto the
I had a thirteen-year-old girl and a seventy-two-year-old grand- “Recreational Diver Course.”
mother; both of which passed and went on to become great div-
ers. I also know of some skilled paraplegic and blind divers that Heading to Open Waters
enjoy scuba diving. Diving is a sport for everyone, so I encourage Once you complete the in-class sessions, you will have a few
you to give it a try before you count yourself out. weekends in the pool to practice proper diving procedures and
to get used to the dive equipment. After this, you will be taken
Certifications for your open water dive and will be tested on all of the skills you
While not required, it is strongly recommended that people were taught. This is usually the most exciting step, and the test is
get certified before they start diving. The water can be a dan- held in a local lake, quarry, or ocean, depending where you live.
gerous place, and having the proper training allows you to dive Once you have passed your certification, all that’s left is to
smart and be safe. celebrate with your new scuba-certified classmates and to make
There are three main scuba diving organizations to choose plans to dive in a beautiful Caribbean destination!
from: PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors), SSI The only logical next steps from there are to get an underwa-
(Scuba Schools International), and NAUI (National Association ter detector in your hands, join my Facebook group, Dive Detect-
of Underwater Instructors). There are many other organizations ing, and start sharing your own photos or posting questions on
this topic.

Steve Zazulyk is a professional water hunter, dive
detectorist, and author. Check out his YouTube
channel and Facebook page to see some of the videos
and photos he’s taken over the years. They may even
inspire you to gear up and dive below the surface.

Opinions and research expressed in this column are those of the 65
author and not necessarily those of American Digger®.

November-December 2019 American Digger®

Vol. 24 No. 2 March - April • 2013

Featuring “the reality
privy di ing”
Privy
Digathon $7.00

Included in this issue...
A Reminiscence of 53
Years of Bottle Collecting in
South Carolina (Part 1)
Manchester 2013
“Collect Free or Die”
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66 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

alking

T Points

A look into American Indian artifacts Adena sub variants are shown above; the yellow area
and the cultures that used them. on the map illustrates where they are found, while the
By Pete Schichtel red shows the population center of the Adena people.

__________

The Adena Point type varieties are from. Some of the similar point types that con-
fuse the issue for some of the “Lithic Wizards” who wish to
Okay, this is a tough one. Not because it’s a point type nail a tag on anything pointy include Koens-Crispin, Kramer,
that’s hard to identify; in fact, it’s a tough one be- New Market, Cypress Stemmed, and Elk River.
cause it’s quite the opposite. Points considered to
have Adena characteristics are found in a fairly large por- Although the point type is found in a widespread area
tion of middle North America. They tend to be medium to ranging from Wisconsin to Louisiana, and from western New
large in size, randomly percussion-flaked with finer pressure York to northern Florida, the region that is considered to be
flaking at the edges. The workmanship is typical of the Late where the Adena people were most populated is only about a
Archaic-Early Woodland Period (3,500- 1,300 BP). The blade quarter of the area where the Adena types and subtypes are
can be somewhat long with excurvate edges. The defining found. Culturally, the Adena people belonged to the mound
characteristic that most people who attempt to identify these builder groups that centered in the Central Ohio River Valley
babies usually gravitate to is the base. Again, “It’s all about the and surrounding areas of Indiana, West Virginia, Pennsylva-
base.” The Adena base tends to be convex with a rounded off nia, and Kentucky.
appearance with very light shoulders.
Getting back to my original “point,” this wide distribu-
The reason it’s a tough point to identify correctly is be- tion over such a large area and the weak and overlapping defi-
cause, in the broad sense, the basic form is very common and nitions regarding the nomenclature, not to mention the 2,200
occurs across almost a third of the country. The nomenclature years that this culture flourished, the Adena “type” has be-
differs not by style so much but rather by where and when the come a catchall category for anything with similar attributes.

ON SALE NOW! Given the dozens of times I’ve heard someone say “that’s
an Adena point” or the thousands of “Adena” points I’ve seen
THE FIRST on the internet, I think that the reference should be to the
STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Adena Culture rather than to the physical attributes of this
point type. The fact that there are hundreds of different phys-
TO BECOMING ical attributes, locations found, and age considerations that
A RING FINDER separate many of these Adena types, referring to these simply
as “Adena” is much like saying that the bird at the feeder is
Filled with tips, tricks, and simply an “American-type bird.”
techniques, this book will
Is this confusing to you, the reader? Because it is to me.
introduce you to the Maybe from here on out we should refer to the point type
fascinating and lucrative world as “from the Adena culture” as opposed to simply an Adena-
type point. Maybe we should start a movement, wear “Adena
of ring finding. Culture” shirts and mass together to bring about change like
we did at Woodstock. Okay, I actually saw Woodstock on TV
VISIT while I was playing with my G.I. Joes, but anyway...
WWW.ZAZULYK.COM
FOR MORE INFORMATION Opinions and research expressed in this column are those of the
author and not necessarily those of American Digger®.
67
November-December 2019 American Digger®

News-n-Views Archaeological Clubs I’ll be will be working with this local-
ity to draft a set of rules that will protect both the public
Reports and Commentaries on property and the hobby. It will be a policy that will insist on
Issues That Affect the Hobby proper target recovery.

By Mark Schuessler As a community and as an organization dedicated to
preserving the hobby, we need to pay close attention to
W It’s Starting our general rules of ethics. Two of the mainstays of those
hat I have been talking about in this column for rules are to use the proper tools and leave the ground as
quite some time is starting: the curtailing of metal you found it. The two go hand-in-hand. We must put forth
detecting due to sloppy recovery habits, exacer- a good appearance to the public and to those who main-
bated by the use of shovels. Washington Township in Frank- tain and have the say over the public property that we are
lin County, Pennsylvania has suspended issuing metal detect- searching. Walking around with a large shovel is not a good
ing permits and cancelled all existing permits. A newspaper appearance. We must respect that property to the extent that
article announced the Board of Supervisors’ July 23 vote. we are not damaging the sod. Leaving dirt lying around and
obvious visible plugs with grass that is chewed up and dies
As with any newspaper article I read it with a “block” of off is doing damage.
salt. I have found that many news articles are not completely
accurate. The source is the only way to get the true details. In We are bestowed a privilege to pursue our hobby on
this case the report was accurate. The problem was with the public property. It is not a right. A lot of pastimes are pro-
details that were left out. The attitude and flavor of the article hibited in the local park or are curtailed to some degree. If
took a different direction at that point. we are not, as a community, going to respect public prop-
erty then we should not be surprised when we are the ones
After checking out the municipal website I was able to curtailed.
find some more information, along with the source. It was
only a brief time before the source’s phone was ringing. A With this occurrence we have dodged a bullet thus far.
very pleasant man answered and we had a congenial con- They are willing to work out a policy to allow detecting to
versation. continue. They could have just as easily banned us. So in es-
sence, the hobby will be on probation with the new policy.
This is a lesson in contact. Never assume a certain at- If the rules are not followed then we will all lose.
titude or preset outcome. Start with the honey; you can al-
ways go to the vinegar if the need arrises. Going there with Every time I have publicly made statements at events
a preconceived notion could turn a simple situation into a concerning this issue, I have had longtime detectorists speak
roadblock. up in agreement. They have stated their disdain for what is
going on, specifically singling out the shovel use. The “dig-
The bottom line is that the number of requests for per- anytime” attitude also gets mentioned. The dig-anytime at-
mits has been growing. They have not had any real detect- titude is when people have no regard for the ground condi-
ing policy in place and that was starting to cause problems. tions. Digging in parks when the ground is dry and crumbly
On one side there is a rule that is not being followed. One of is another big NO. People who have been around this hobby
the parks that could be legally detected saw some Civil War for decades are appalled at what they are witnessing. We do
activity. Any Civil War items dug there were supposed to be not understand the disrespect being shown toward the hob-
turned over for display at the museum. The number of items by and the public properties and by people of all ages.
that has been turned in has been zero for quite some time. To
be allowed to detect on a site like this is virtually unheard of. By the time you read this, the FMDAC will have con-
Because people refused to follow the rules, that privilege is ducted two more target recovery courses. Two clubs in
likely gone now. Ohio will have been taught the proper way to recover tar-
gets. Now this is not to say that none of them knew how.
Now add in “the parks are getting all dug up” and you Many already do it properly. Many others need some work,
have the real core issue. Sloppy recovery habits accompanied and still others just do not know how, as they have never
with shovel use by those who most likely purchased detec- been taught.
tors via the internet. They have not had any training in target
recovery and the only thing they know is what they see all We have seven more courses to schedule at this point.
over the internet in videos: using shovels in public lawn ar- As we get more qualified instructors the courses will be-
eas. Until the metal detecting community acts to stop these come more frequent and widespread. For now the only
actions, the habit of using shovels in public lawn areas will “charge” for the course will be membership in the FMDAC,
only get worse. although donations are always welcome. That equates to $5
a person on a club level and $10 for a non-club (indepen-
As President of the Federation of Metal Detector and dent) member.
68 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6
Opinions and research expressed in this column are those of the
author and not necessarily those of American Digger®.

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Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation: Publication Title: American
Digger. Publication No.: 1551-5737. Filing Date: September 29, 2019. Issue Frequency: Bi-monthly. No of issues published
annually: 6. Annual subscription price: $37.95.
Complete mailing address: PO Box 126, Acworth,GA 30101. Contact person: Anita
Holcombe, 770-362-8671. Publisher: Butch Holcombe, PO Box 126 Acworth,
GA
30101. Owner: Greybird Publishers, LLC, PO Box 126 Acworth, GA 30101. Total
number of copies: 2700. Paid or requested outside
county: 2320. Paid or requested inside county: 16. Paid distribution outside
mails: 205. Paid mail distribution other than USPS: 18. Total paid distribution: 2559. Free or nominal rate outside county: 30. Free or nominal rate inside county: 0. Free or Nominal Rate Copies Mailed at Other
Classes through the USPS: 6. Free or nominal rate distribution outside the mail: 5. Total free or nominal rate distribution: 41. Total print distribution: 2600. Copies not distributed: 100. Percent paid: 98.6%. To be
printed in Nov/Dec 2019 issue. Signed: Butch
Holcombe, Publisher.

November-December 2019 American Digger® 69

Diggin’ It

by April Pedersan

“I’m saving up for a better
metal detector.”

70 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6

The Trading Post Illustration courtesy of Library of Congress

For Sale & Wanted

Coins, Bottles, Comic Books, Sheet Music, Postcards, Trade Cards,
Stamps and collectible paper of all types. SASE for 14-16 Page List.
Timothy Hart, 20 Masten Rd, Victory, VT 05858 [J-F 20]

Wanted—any Maryland items, plates, crosses, images etc.
(301) 475-2000 [J-F 20]

Clubs

CO Eureka! Treasure Hunters Club meets the 2nd Friday of each OH Saving History of Greater Cincinnati, 2nd Thurs/month, 7 p.m.,

month at 7:30 p.m. at the Clement Community Center in Lakewood, Ready Line Shooting Complex, 3761 Round Bottom Rd., Newtown, OH
Colorado. Visit www.EurekaTHC.org for more information. [S-O 20] Info: Rick Horsley [email protected] or find us on Facebook.
[M-A21]

FL Gold Coast Treasure Club, 2nd Thurs. ea. month, Ladies Garden Tri-state Hist. Research & Recovery Assoc. 2nd Thurs/month 7 p.m,
Norwood Christian Church, 4400 Ashland Ave., Norwood, OH tristate-
Ctr., S. Fla. Science Museum, 4801 Drecher Trail N, W. Palm Beach, metaldetecting.com or [email protected], (513) 290-5294 [M-A 20]
FL. Frank Nash, (786) 269-5744, [email protected] [M-A 19]
SC South Carolina Dirt Diggers, meets every 2nd Saturday in
GA Coastal Empire History Hunters Association. Meet 7:30
Lexington, SC. Visit our Facebook page for more details or email
p.m every 4th Thurs. Western Sizzlin’ restaurant, U.S. Hwy. 80, [email protected]. [S-O 19]
Pooler, GA. For more information, visit http://www.cehha.org/ [E]
South Carolina Metal Detector & Relic Association meets the 1st
Dixie Relic Recovery Club, 1st Mon./ month, 7 p.m., Old Stone Tuesday of the month at 7:00 P.M. at the Oratory, 434 Charlotte Av-
Church, Ringgold, GA. Visit facebook.com/DixieRelicRecovery- enue, Rock Hill, SC. 29734, email [email protected]. [S-O 19]
Club.com. [E]
TN Memphis Metal Detecting Club meets 3rd Thursday of month
North Georgia Relic Hunters Association meets the 1st and 3rd
Tuesday of each month, 7 p.m., Mt. Calvary Baptist Church, at 7 p.m. at OLPH Church, Germantown, TN.  Phone (901) 752-
287 Mt. Calvary Rd., Marietta, GA. www.ngrha.com. [N-D 19] 6704 or email [email protected] for more info. [N-D 19]

Tri-State Relic Recovery Club meets 7 p.m., 2nd Thursday of each Murfreesboro Metal Detecting Club meets in Murfreesboro, TN the last
month, Lawrence Center, 71 Edison Circle, Menlo, GA. Phone Tuesday of each month. Visit our website borodiggers.wix.com/mmdc
(706) 862-6221 or email [email protected]. [J-A 21] or email [email protected] for more information. [J-A 20]

KY Northern Kentucky Treasure Hunters meets at 6:30 pm, the last Middle Tennessee Metal Detecting Club meets in Nashville the
1st Friday of every month. See our website for information about
Monday of each month at a Boone Co. Library. See Mytreasurespot. the club and meetings, www.mtmdc.com. [J-A 19]
com under Clubs NKTHC for the specific Library. [M-J 21]
TX Cowtown Treasure Hunter Club,7 PM, 3rd Thurs/mo., YMCA Camp
LA Pelican Relic & Recovery Assoc. meets 3rd Tues. of each
Carter, 200 Sand Spgs. Rd., Ft. Worth,TX. Visit cowtowntreasurehunter-
month at 7 p.m., King Buffet Chinese Grill, 6230 Bluebonnet sclub.org, or (817) 992-789, [email protected] [S-O 19]
Blvd., Baton Rouge, LA. Info, [email protected] [M-A 20]
VA Central VA Civil War Collectors Assoc. 4th Tuesday of each
MA Silver City Treasure Seekers, Taunton, MA, 1st Fri. ea. month
month (except December) 7:15 p.m., Glen Allen American Legion Hall,
except July/August, 6:30, Bristol Plymouth Reg HS cafeteria, 940 Co. 2522 Indale Rd, Richmond, VA. Visit www.cvcwca.com for info. [M-J 20]
St. (Rt. 140), Taunton, MA. www.silvercitytreasureseekers.net. [M-J 20]
Hanover Metal Detectors Club meets the 1st Wednesday each
MS Tri-State Coin & Relic Hunter’s Club serves MS, AL, and TN. Iuka month at the Ashland Volunteer Rescue Squad Building, Ashland,
VA. Contact D. Yates at (804) 241-9541. [M-J 19]
MS Public Library. Meetings rotate monthly 2nd Sat.(9 a.m.) & 2nd Thurs.
(7 p.m.). Email Charles Emmons, [email protected]. [J-A19] Northern Virginia Relic Hunters Association, 7:30 p.m., Meets 1st Tues-
day of each month at the NRA Building, Fairfax, VA. For info, visit
NJ Deep Search Metal Detecting Club, Minié B. Veal Cmty. Ctr., 1070 www.nvrha.com. [E]

Grove Ave, Edison, NJ, 7 PM, Jan. & Feb., 4th Mon.; March-Dec., 3rd Tidewater Coin & Relic Club, 2nd Tuesday, 6:30 p.m., Mary Pretlow
Mon. [email protected], www.DSMDC.org [J-A21] Library, 111 W. Oceanview Ave, Norfolk, VA. Contact Ina Finn, (757)
679-0467, email [email protected] or visit www.tc-rc.com. [M-A 20]
Mid Jersey Research & Recovery Club, meets 6 p.m./second
Sunday of each month, Switlik Pk. Community Ctr., Hamilton, Get the word out about your club here! Join our club listing, Three lines for
NJ. For more info visit midjerseymetaldetecting.com [E] $30/year or $50/ two years. For other classified ads, contact us for rates.

NY E.A.R.T.H. Metal Detecting Club meets last Monday of every

month, Dunham Library, 76 Main St., Whitesboro, NY. Email
[email protected] or visit www.earthclubcny.com. [S-O 19]

November-December 2019 American Digger® 71

The Hole Truth...

The Publisher speaks... but will he ever shut up?
‘Tis is the season for thankfulness and giving. Although
technically we should try to do this throughout the H o w e v e r,   t h e r e   a r e
year, there is no better way to encourage this good some things that you really
behavior than by creating an official thanking holiday and an should not give thanks for,
at least not publicly, or even
official giving holiday, both of which also encourage kindness out loud. For instance, it
and good behavior. Theoretically. shows some serious charac-
We Americans like our holidays, although not all encourage ter flaws if you are thankful
acceptable social behavior. However, the next couple of months that:
encourage us all to be thankful and giving and kind. Sadly, it
doesn’t work for everyone.
For various reasons, some people become less thankful and • Your buddy’s screams kept you from falling into the
less giving during these times, not to mention less kind. I can • same abandoned well he just fell into.
guarantee that at some point between now and December 31, • The arresting officer didn’t confiscate your finds.
somewhere in the civilized world there will be at least one inter- • The detecting club didn’t press charges once you
family fistfight involving a turkey drumstick, and an ugly inci- • returned the $92.76.
dent over the alleged re-gifting of a stale fruitcake, and an im- • Your buddy had a good sense of humor after you threw
promptu wrestling match over a sale item at the mall. Cultural • the practice dummy grenade at him and screamed,
lines will be crossed when someone dressed as an elf blindsides • “Duck!”
an intoxicated pilgrim at a holiday office costume party. And re- • You are healing nicely if he didn’t have a good sense of
member: One is the minimum estimated occurrence. I wouldn’t • humor.
be surprised if the actual number of drunken elf assaults this
year approaches double digits. The other half of the holiday season is enveloped in the spirit
In our hobby of digging and collecting old stuff, I also con- of giving. To wit, give:
fidently predict that this holiday season will bring at least one
unproven accusation of claim jumping that turns ugly, one de- • The property owner some of your finds.
tector that gets stolen, one person who will heartlessly slander • The kid at the beach who keeps following you a quick
another on social media, one club treasurer who disappears • metal detecting lesson.
with the funds (which in some larger clubs can exceed a hun- • All the change you dig to the Salvation Army.
dred bucks), and one renegade who decides that detecting on • Your time and knowledge to anyone interested in our
a National Park is worth sharing a cell with a 400-lb gangster • hobby.
rapper named Lil’ Elvis. And again, these are the low estimates.
Lil’ Elvis may well top 500 pounds by now. Unfortunately, people sometimes give in less than pure ways.
But some just don’t seem to know what to be thankful for, or For example, giving should never be done by:
exactly how to be nice. While I can’t tackle the world’s problems-
at-large in such a small column, I can give some holiday advice • Leaving your iron junk on the homeowner’s porch.
and tips as they relate to the wide world of metal detecting. For • Dropping not only the clad coins you dug, but also the
instance, be thankful that: • pop tops and wadded up foil, into the Salvation
• Army kettle.
• Fire ants can’t fly. • Giving your significant other second-hand poison ivy
• Yellow Jackets can’t fly faster than they do. • or migratory ticks.
• Poison ivy has never bred with kudzu.
• Velociraptors are extinct.
• Batteries are mass-produced. Unfortunately, I don’t have room to delve into kindness this
• Metal detecting remains legal in most places. time. But if a person strives to be thankful and giving this sea-
• Your metal detector works. son, and avoids throwing grenades of any type at friends, kind-
• You brought a spare in case it didn’t work. ness may follow. We can only hope.

• The WWII grenade you dug was a non-explosive Happy Huntin’, Y’all!
• practice dummy.

72 American Digger® Vol. 15, Issue 6



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