KELLY'S DIRECTORY OF OXFORDSHIRE - 1895

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. MONGEWELI .• 135 the barony of Lovel, of Minst.er Lorvell, was conferred on Thomas Coke, Viscount Coke of Biolkbam and F«rl cf Leicester, but all these h{)nours became extinct on his death, zo April, 1759. The estates of the Lovels, confisoa.ted by Henry VII. were subsequently .granted to tJhe Oomptons, Cecils and other powerful families. This spot is the scene of Cl.ara Reeve's familiar We " The Old English :Ba;ron," published in 1777. The Miss€s M. A. and E. D. Dean, the former being lady of the manor, Robert Abraham esq. of Ringwood Oak House, and John George and J oseph William Abraham esqr.s. are the principa.l landowners. The soil i& various ; subsoil, clay and stone brash. The chief crops fCre wheat, barley, oats, and turnips, and on the allotments, potatoes. The area is 1,938 a,cres; rateable value, £2,133; the population in 1891 was 443· Parish Clerk, John. Lock. small farms of 2, 3 and 4 acres, with a one-floor cottage to each farm: the estate W{I.S laid out in 1847 a.s pa;rt. of Foorgus O'Connor's land scheme; there are Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels here. Post Office. John Lock, sub-postmaster. Letter& from Witney arrive at 8.10 a.m.; dispatched at s.zo p.m. Witney is the nearest money order & telegraph office. Wall Letter :Box at the Old Toll gate cleared at 4.50 p.m. on we~k days only. Postal orders are issued here, but not pajd National School (mixed), ereoted by subscription, togetJher with master's house, in 1872, Q[l a. site given by the late Lady Taunton, at a cost of £goo, to h.old 126 children ; a.vemge attendance, g6 ; Percy P. Pea-- cock, mast-er Oonveyance.-Omnibu.s passes through from BedfO'rd to Witney daily at 10 a.m. returning at 6 p.m Oarrier.-Milton carriers pass through Witney every Oha;rterville is an allotment estate consisting of 8o tu~s. thurs. & sat Abraham Robert, Ridgwood Oak house Busby James, Swan P.H Lock Jn. & Henry, carpenters & bldrs Ripley Rev.Horace Chas.M.A.Vicarage Clack William, farmer Longshaw Wait. beer retlr. ChartrvUe Cooper John, miller (water) Radburn John, baker & shopkeeper, COMMERCIAL. Giould J ames & Son, blacksmiths, Charterville Charterville Simpson Richard, farmer .Abrabam John George & Joseph Wm. Hutt John William, farm bailiff ~ Stribblehill Wm. shoe maker & shopfarmers & land owners exo<rs of John Dean esq keeper, Charterville Abraham Robert, farmer & landowner, L:me Wm. White Hart P.H.Chartrville Taylor Jasper, surveyor & inspector of Ringwood Oak house Lock John, carpenter, builder, assist. nuisances to Witney rural sanitary :Batts Edward, farmer, Cot farm overseer for Minster Lovell &Craw- authority, Charterville Blake George, baker & shopkeeper ley, & parish clerk, Post office Timms Ry. shopkeeper, Charterville MIXBURY witih the hamlet of Fulwell is & parish in ford, a.nd held since 1891 by the Rev. Reginald Rivers the Mid division of the county, hundred and petty ses- K.irby M. A. of St. John's College, Cambridge. Henry l:lional division of Ploughley, union and county court dis- Stanlaik.e Batson esq. who is lord of the manor, and trict of :Brackley, ru.raJ. deanery of :Bicester, archdeaconry Edward Slater-Haxris()n e·sq. of .Shelswell Park, are the and diocese of Oxford. Mixbury is 3 miles south-east principal landowners. £3 worth of bread is given away from Bra~Ckley ·statian on the Banbury line of the London on New Year's day. The soil is calcareous; subsoil, andi North Western railway, si west from Buckingham stone. The chief crops are wheat, barley and (J.ats. and 8 north from :Bicester, and the village, ·s.outh of the The area is 2,630 acres; rateable value, £1,646; th~ r'iver Ouse, which separates it from Northamptonshire, population, including Fulwell and WoolMton;- in 1891 consist·s of a farm house and a few cot·~ges. The church was· 230. of All Saints is an ancient edifice of ~Stone. of the Deco- Parish Clerk, Richaxd Ley. rated period, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, Fulwell is a hamlet ~ miles north-east north aisle and an embattled western tower conta.ining 3 W , t t h' 1 'l th. · b 11 d 1 k th d · 1 t d b 001as on, a owns 1p 2:1 m1 es sou , IS now part e s an a c oc : e nave an rus e are separa e y f Heth an arcade of three archeS! on octagOIIlal pillars: the font 0 e. is of the same shape and plain: there is a good Norman Post O:ffice.-James Barret, sub-postmaster. Letters south doorway, with curious Runic crosses oo. the im- arrive through Brachley at J.IS a..m.; dispatc-hed at posts: the church has been restored at a great expense, 4·45 p.m. The near~t money order & telegraph office borne chiefly by the late rector, the Rev. William Jocelyn is at Brackley Palmer B. D. : there a.re zoo sittings. The register dates Parochial School (mixed), built in 1838, fOil" So children;, from the, year 1645. The living is a rectory, tithe rent- average attendance, 45; Miss Ley, miskeSIS charge £w5, with 6o acres of glebe, groStS yearly value Carriers to Buckingham. J. Blackwell & Jolm South [16o, with residence, in the gift of the Bishop of Ox- pass through the village on wed. & sat. from Brackley Kirby Rev.Reginald Rivers M.A.Rctry Cross Alfred, blacksmith Meads John, shopkeeper 'Barrett Corbett Charles, farmer Ley Richard, estate agent & surveyor, Tims William, farmer, Middle farm Bo.nner .Alfred (Mrs.), farmer Estate office Watts John, farmer, Fulwell MOLLINGTON is a. parish, partly in Warwickshire, 1 built in 1844, and holding 100 persons. There are annual 2 miles west from Gropredy station on the Oxford and 1 charitieS! of £8 for fue1; ab0111t £3 left 'byHugh Holbecl:i esq. Birmingham seotion of the Great Western railway, 4~' for apprenticing poor boys; £2 for education and £5 north-west from :Banbury, 27 north from Oxford and 16 1 for church purposes. The Yen. Charles William Holboob from Warwick, in the Nort:hern division of the county, M.A. vicar Df Farnborough and formerly archdoocon of hundreds of Bloxham and Kineton, division of K.ineton, Coventry, is lord of the manor and principal landownel'. Banbury and Bloxham petty sessi01Ilal division, union and The soil is red loam; subsoil, brown oolite. The crops county courl district of :Bai!1Jbury, rural deanery of Ded- ! are general. The area of the whole parislh_ ios about 1,367 dington, archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. The i acres; in Oxfordshire, 78·4, rateable vaJ.ue, £I,OJI, and church of All Saints is an ancient edifice of ~tone, in i in Warwickshire 683 acres, ratooble value, £g86; bhe the Early EngliS!h and Decorated styles, consisting of 1 p<lpulllltion in 1891 was 147 in Oxfordshire and 97 in ~hancel, clerestoried nave of four bays, north aisle, south 1 Warwickshire. porch and a western Perpendicular tower containing 3 Parish Clerk, Jeremialh Goode. bells: the font is Transition Norman: in the church are 1 Posb O.ffice.-William Neal, sub-postmaster. Lettel'>S several monuments of the Holbech family: there are 250 ) through :Banbury arrive at 7.20 a. m.; dispatched at sittings. The regisrt:er of baptisms dates from the year \ 5· 10 p.m. week days only. Farnborough iSI the nooreSt 1562 ; marriages, 1568 ; burials, 1566. The living is a I money order & telegraph office. Postal orders are vicarage, gross yearly vaJ.ue £153, with residence and issued here, but not paid including 55 acres of glebe, let fOT £n7, in the gift of' National School (mixed), erected in 187z, for 63 children; the Bishop of Oxford, and held since 1882 by the Rev. average !llttendanc~, 33; Miss Alice George, mistre-ss William Barna.rd Humphrey B.A. of Hertford College, Carrier to & from Banbury.-'l"homas .Archer, mon. Oxford. There is a small Primitive Methodist chapel, thurs. & sat. too the 'Dog & Gun' Rumphrey Rev. William Barnard B.A. Archer Charles, Green Man P.H French .John, farmer Vicarage :Boddington Alfred, :farmer Frost John, shoe maker :Boddington William John, farmer Fry Charles Edward Bruce, farmer, COMMERCIAL. Bolton Edwin, baker Manor farm .A.dkins Mary (Mrs.), farmer :Boote Uriah, cooper J'ieal William, farmer, Post office Archer Thomas, carrier & shopkeeper :Boote William, farmer Wa1ton William, farmer MONGEWELL is a ·small village and parish, delightfully situated on the banks Qf the Thames, Ii miles south-by-east from Wallingford terminal station on the Great Western railway, 14 south-east from Oxford, 12 north-west from Reading, and n north-west from Henley, in the Southern division of the county, hundred of Langtree, petty s-essional division of Henley, union and county court district of W allingford, rural deanery of

188 MO:NGEWEl.L.' OXFORDSHIRE. [KILLY'S 1893 iby the Rev. Thomas Hughes D.D., LL.D. of Trinity College, Dublin. In the neighbourhood of Mongewell is the Ilritish earthwork known as "Grim's Dyke," which • runs in a south-east·erly direction towards :Ku:ffield. Mongewelb House, the reStidence of Alexander Caspar Fraser esq. D.L., J.P. stands in well-timlbered grounds of about Bo acres, on the banks of the Thames, and was former:y a country -seat of the Hon. Shute Barrington, Bishop of Durham. The soil is chalk and sand; subsoil, sandy. The chief crops are wheat, oats and barley. The area is 1,756 acres; rateable value, £ r,654; the populatipn in 1891 was 177. Sexton, James Luker Henl{ly and archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. The nearest bridge up the river is at Wallingford, three quarters of a. mile, and d()wn, at Streatley, 5 miles. The church <Jf St. John the Baptist is a plain but massive building of flint a.nd rUJbb:e, in the Norman style, consisting of apsidal chancel, nave, and a singular western turret containing on~ bell: in the church is a monument, with recumbent effigy in marble, erected by .Ann Saunders to the memory of her son: there is a plain tablet to the wife ()f the Hon. Bhute Ilarrington D.D. Bishop of Durham 179I-I'826: the bishop himself, who died in London, 25f!h .March, 1826, was buried under the font: one of the thrte windows of the apse is filled with stained glass and on the south side is a memorial window, placed in 1877 to the late John Matheson Fraser esq. of Letters through Wallingford, which is the nearest money Mongewell House, and Maria, his wife: the church was order & telegraph office, arrive at 7·30 a. m. Nearest restored in 18•8r, at a cost of £1, 1oo, a'nd affords· about post office at Crowmarsh roo sittings. The register dates from the year 1682. School (mixed), erected in 1888, as a memorial to ElizaThe living is a rectory, average tithe rent-charge £291, beth Thaden, of Rotterdam, Holland, by her daughter, with 6 acres of glebe, let for £r2, net income £279, with Maria J. Fraser, for 40 children; average attenresidence, in the gift of A. C. IFraser e.sq. and held since dance, 33 Fraser .Alex. Caspar D.L., J.P. Monge- Hughes Rev.Thos. D.D.,LL.D.(rector) Rombold Jesse, farm bailiff to Alex. well house & Om.servative club, Gill Thomas, wood reeve Caspar Fraser London SW Saunders Timothy, Crooked Billet i1m NETTLEBED is a parish and village on an eminence on the high road from London to Oxford, 4i miles northwest from Henley terminal station on a branch of the Great Western railway, and 5 south fro!h Wallingford, in the Southern division of the county, hundred of Ewelme, petty sessional division of Watlington, union and county oourt district o.f Henley, rural deanery of Henley, archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. The church of St. Bartholomew consists of chancel, nave, south aisle, south porch and a brick tower with stone dressings, contaimng a clock ·and 6 bells : it was rebuilt in I 844, in the DeC<Jrated style, under the directioLl of Mr. Hakewell, and in 1872 the chancel was enlarged and decorated and an organ chamber built: there are 300 sittings. The register of baptisms and burials dates from the year 1653; marriages, IJ'26. The living is a vicarage, with a perpetual fixed annual payment of £r5 from Lord Camoys, who is lord of the manor, net year~y value £1o6, with residence, in the gift of John Cory Havers esq. of Joyce Grove, and held since r882 by the Rev. Hmry .Algernon Baumgartner M . .A. of Caius ·College, Cambridge. Here is a Congregational chapel. J. Champion's charity of £3 rgs. yearly, bequeathed in 1856, provides £2 us. for distribution and £r ros. for the Sunday school: there is also a charity of £S 17s. yearly, bequeathed in 1867 by Elizabeth Lewis, for 12 deserving aged men and women of this parish, the vicar and churchwardens being the trustees. A fair is he.ld here on the !Monday before the 29th of October. There are two brick, tile and lime kilns, with potteries for coarse ware, especially draining pipes, which are mad-e from a thick bed of greenish-white sandy clay. There are several good shops and inns. From the Windurill Hill, near the village, 696 feet above the sea lenl, beautiful and extensive vit~ws are obtained of the sur, rounding c<Juntry, including Reading, Windsor Castle, Broadmoor Asylum, Wellington College and Bearwood House, the residence of A. F. ·waiter esq.; and with the aid of a glass· on a clear day the Crystal Palace and the Devil's Dyke, near Brighton, can be seen. The once favourite actress Nell Gwynne lived at Soundess, Nettlebed, for some time, which is now occupied by William Roderick Dalziel Mackenzie esq. J.P. The principal landowner is Lord Camoys, who is lord of the manor. The soil is clay; subsoil, chalk. The chief crops are wheat, barley ·and oats. The area is 1,164 acres; rateable value, £2,079; the population in 1891 was 697. Cracker End, ! mile east, is a part of this parish. Parish Clerk, Henry Saunders. Post, M. 0. & T. 0., S. B., Express Delivery & Annuity & Insurance Ofii'ce-Rees James Clark, sub-postmaster. ·Letters arrive by mail ca.rt from Henley-on-Thames at 7.10 a.m. & •by foot post 2.5 p.m.; d•ispatched at 10.15 a. m. & 6.30 p.m. ; sundays, arrive at 7· ro a.m.; dispatched at 11.12 a.m A School Board of 5 members was formed 4 Oct. 1875; Frederick Saunders, Henley-on-Thames, clerk to the board Board School (mixed), for 180 children; average attendance, 122 ; W alter Henry Wright, master ; Mrs. Catherine ·wright, mistress. A. new schoolroom was built in 1887 Ca.rri.ers.-Alice Hays, to Henley on thurs. ; Frederick. Bailey, to He'nley, tues. & thurs. ; Reading, wed. & sa:t. ; Henry Tranter, to Reading on sat.; William Bailey, Henley, daily Arkell Mrs. The WalnutsBaumgartner Rev. Henry .A.lgernon M. A. Vicarage Bird William, 'fhe Firs Francis Frederick, blacksmith Freeman Elizabeth (Mrs.), butcher Glasspool Mary (Mrs.), farmer Goodall .r ames, whitesmith private parties, bicyclists &c. at moderate charges Roberts Oswald L.R. C.P .Edin. surgeon, & medical officer Nettlebed Champion Miss, Nettlebed house district, Henley union Freeman James, Beechwood house Havers Mrs. Joyce grove Jones William Henry, Fair lawn Mackenzie William Roderick Dalziel J.P. Soundess Roberts Oswald, Porthill house COJIIMERCIAL. Aggis J oseph, farmer :Betteridge George, saddler :Bosley William, harness maker Brown & Sons, plumbers & glaziers Butler Henry, farmer Child Marcus, grocer Clark Rees James, post office Eustace George, brick & tile maker Eyre J ol.m Thomas, corn merchant Goodall Samuel, beer retailer Harris Robert, Red Lion P.H Heath Gideon, grocer & draper Holly Edmund, builder, contractor & undertaker ; conservatories, greenhouses & all kinds of horticultural buildings erected Holman Isaac, beer retailer Hope Fletcher Henry Luffman, iron founder, agricultural machinist & special share manufacturer J eston, Baines & Rigge, surgeons Lamb Charles, farmer Lamb Edwin, beer & wine retailer Lewis Ellen (:Miss), dress maker Phillips Charles, builder & brick ma Reading Room (Miss Annie Champion, sec.) ; dinners & teas provided for Saunders- Frederick, school attendance officer & insurance agent Sannders .John, Nag's Head P.H Saunders Henry, coal merchant Saunders John, shopkeeper Saunders Thomas, baker & grocer Shirfield William, beer retailer Silver Charles, miller (wind) Stratford Thomas, wheelwright Thompson John texors. of), brick, tile, stone ware, terra cotta & agricultural drain pipe manufacturers Yernon Edwin J. land & estate agent Ward John, boot & shoe maker Willgoss Richard,beer ret.Orocker end "YToodward William, The. Bull inn NEWINGTON is a parish comprising the liberties of of .St. Giles is an ancient edifice of stone, chiefly of the BerWiick Prior and- Newington and the tithings of Brook- Decorated period, e~msisting of chancel and nave, north hampton and Holcombe, in the Southern division of the transept, south porch and a western tower, with plain cou'nty, hundred of Ewelme, petty sessional division of parapet, surmounted by an octagonal spire and containWatlington, Wallingford union and county court district, ing 5 bells, of which the first is inscribed: "Santa Maria, rural deanery of Cuddesdon, archdeaconry and diocese of ora pro nobis:" the ()ther three are respectively dated Oxford. Newington is on the eastern ibank of the river 1592, 1608 and 1719: in the south wall of the chancel is Thames, 6 miles north from Wallingford terminal station an arched recess, perhaps the ·tomb {)f the restorer of the on a. branch of the Great W-estern railway, 9 south-east church in the 14th century, a'nd a plain piscina with from Oxford and· rs north-west from Henley. The church shelf: on ·the north side is a priests' door: thil chancel

DiRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. NEWNHAM MURREN. 137 arch is apparently of the 14th century and there are some remains of a good Early Perpendicula·r rood screen repa.ired in the last century: the south door is Norman, tae ancient arch mouldings, with their extremities rest.- ing on re-carved caps, now serving as a hood moulding : another Norman door on the north ISide is now blocked : i:he font, which is unusually large, is round and plain and apparently of the 13th century : there are some lingering iragme·nts of an~ient glass, one window in the chancel being nearly full of these, consisting of figures of Our Lord attended by angels : one of an ecclesiastic, kneeling, and a representation of the Assumption of the Virgin, but the subjects are much confused: against the north chancel wall is an alabaster monument, with shrouded figures .of Walt·er Dunch and Mary his wife, 1650: below are the arms of Dunch impaling Hungerford, and a:bove a wooden i:&lblet with arm& and other devices: against the east wall j_g, a memorial to Henry Dunch esq. 1686: in the chapel or transept is a bra.ss with effigies, to Alice, wife of William Skyrmote, and M aria Skyrmot·e, wife of John 'Skyrmote, his son, 1463 : the lower stage of the tower is Early English, but the upper part and spire Decorated: on the east gable is a sun dial, placed in 1743: the exterior was repaired with rough cast in 1776. The re- !gister dates from the year 1572. The living is a rectory, tithe rent-charge commuted at £283 4s. 6d. with resid~nce and 185 acres of glebe let at £120, gross yearly value £"433 4s. 6d. in the gift of the Bishop of Oxford, .and held since 1893 by the Rev. Alfred Percival Pott are the chief owners of the la'nd in Newington, which is all freehold. The ·soil is principally on the green sand and gault formation-a strong blue clay. The chief crops are wheat, barley, oats and beans. The entire area. of the parish is 2,116 acres; rateable value, £2,475; the population of the whole parish in 1891 was 343- Berwick Prior is a liberty Ii miles ·south-by-east. Tha poor have £7 13s. in fuel. The principal owners of tha land, which is all freehold, are W. and T. Franklin and John Deane e.sqrs. The soil is clay and gravel; subsoil, sand and gravel. The chief crops are wheat and beans. Brookhampton is a tithing 1! miles north from 1\ewingto.n. The principal owners of the land, which is all freehold, are Mr. John Thomso'n and W. T. Franklin esq. Ho:combe is a tithing 1 mile south-east. Capt. RO'bt. Thomas Lowndes-Stone-Norton, of Brightwell, is lord of the manor and principal landowner. Britwell Prior is now attaiChed to Britwell Salome. Letters through Wallingford arrive at 7.50 a.m. ; Wall Letter Box cleared at 6.20 rp.m. & suns. 10.50 :1.m. The nearest money order & telegraph office is· at Stadhampton National School (mixed), enlarged 1895 for 70 children; average attendance, so ; Miss Florence Hemmins, mist M.A. of Jesus College, Cambridge. Newington House, now Cacr-riers. Geo. Moody, to Wallingford & Oxford every a.moccupied, belongs to J. Golby esq. F. Norton esq. John other day. Thos. Moores, mon. to A.bingdon, wed. fri. & 'Thomson esq. Mr. W. T. Franklin and Mr. John Deane sat. to Oxford ~'"EWINGTON. Hemmins Florence, schoolmistress BROOKIIA...Vf.PTON. l'ott Rev. Alfred Percival M.A. (rector) fuowning Thos.farruer,Holcombe frm Bull John E. R. fn,rmer, Lane end Cobb William, Stag P.H Deane Jn.frmr.& landowner,Ewe frm Gardner Ed ward, farm bailiff to Mrs. Shrubb 'Gardner Rebecca (Mrs.), shopke.eper Moores Thomas, beer retailer & carrier Moseley Robert, farmer, Little Holcombe farm BERWICK PRIOR. Green Waltf'r, Chequers P.H. & grocr King George, farm bailiff to Thomas Franklin esq Hawes Gilbert Allmond Benjamin, Bear & Ragged Staff P.H Baker .John, clothier Lowe John, baker & grocer Payne George, carrier 'l'urrill Fredcrick, farmer SOUTH NEWINGTON is a village and parish on a 'bad state of pres-ervation: there are 250 sittings: in the river Swere, .and on the road from Banbury to Chip- the churchyard is the fragment of a cross of Early Eng- ,{)ing Norton, 2 miles south-west from Bloxham station on lish character. The register dates from the year 1538. the Banbury and Cheltenham branch of the Great West- The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £16o, with .ern railway, 6 south-west from Banbury, about 20 north- residence, in the gift of Exeter College, Oxford, and held by-west from Oxford, and 7 north-east from Chipping since 1893 by the Rev. Christopher John Whitehead M . .A.. Norton, in the Northern division of the county, hundred of Exeter Coll-ege, Oxford. There is a small Primitive of '\Vootton, Wootto'n North petty sessional division, union Methodist chapel here, also a Friends' Meeting house. ·and county court district of Banbury, rural deanery of Albert Brassey esq. of Heythrop Park, is lord of the ])eddington, archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. 'rhe manor. The principal landow'ners are Exeter, Magdalen church of St. Peter is a handsome building of stone in and New Colleges. Oxford. The soil is red loam and the Norman, Early English and Later styles, consisting clay; ·subsoil, red rock and clay. The chief crops are of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, south porch of Per- wheat, !barley and roots. The area is 1,437 acres ; ratependicular date, ornamented with carved figures and sur- able value, £2,237; the population in 1891 was 282. lDl.ounted lby battlements and pinnacles, and an embattled Parish Clerk, John Pearce. western tower, containing 5 bells: the chancel is De- Post Office.-Henry Pickering, sub-postmaster. Letters eorated and retains its piscina: the nave arcades a:re through Ban!bury arrive at 8 a.m.; dispakhoo at 4.30 'Transition Norman and Early English: there is a cylin- p.m. The nearest money order & telegraph office is at drical Norman font with ziz-zag mouldings, a'nd in the Bloxham. Postal orders are issued here, but not paid ;South aisle another piscina of Decorated work: the chancel National School (mixed), built in 1837 & holding about and nave I'OOfs were removed in 1'825 and the lead sold to Ioo children; average attendance, 5 I; Miss Annie Ethel })urehase slates: the aisle roofs are of the 15th century: Rickards, mistress \the two aisles were re-roofed in 1892-93, at a cost of £7oo Carrier to & from Banbury.-William Nash, to 'Bear,' a'nd several frescoes were uncovered, but each one is in every mon. & thurs 'Bartlett George Brown George, plumber & glazier Page Charles Timms, miller (water) o<Jleaver William Checkley William, farmer Page George, dairyman Tiatten William Clark Herbert William, farmer Page Jonas, farmer Kearsey .Joseph Coates .Joseph. farmer Page Joseph, baker Rose John Henry Giubard Henry, dairy farmer Stevens William, grocer Whitehead Rev. Chris.Jn.l\LA.(vicar) Ilowes William, blacksmith \Varr Richard, dairyman l'foolgrove Mrs King Richard 'rhos. butcher & baker ·wise Israel, machinist CO:MMRRCIAL. lUencowe .Tames, mason & farmer BI.encowe Thomas, mason & shopkpr .Mobbs Henry, Wykham Arms P.H. & \Yoolgrov~ George, dairy farmer carpenter W oolgrove ·william., farmer ::\Iurray Caleb, mason 1-Yyatt Richard Frederick, wheelwright iS" ash W illiam, carrier NEWNHAM MURREN is a village and parish, bean- and ha.s also a Norman chancel arch, a trefoil-headed piscina tifully situated on the banks of the Thames, 1 mile and a double locker, and on the south side is a small ;gouth-east from '\Vallingford terminal ·station of a branch circular Norma.n hagioscope: the nave is also of the of the Great ·western railway, and 14 miles south-eao.t same date, with an original doorway on the north side, from Oxford, in the Southern division of the county, hun- but the south aisle is Decorated: there is· a Norman font dred of Langtree, petty sessional division of Henley, and a pulpit of Jacobean character: the church was cornunion and county court district of '\Vallingford, rural 1 pletely restored in 1849, and has 150 sittings. The redeanery of Henley and archdeaconry and diocese o-f Ox- gister of ba.ptisms and burials dates from the year 1678; ford. The church of St. Mary is a small and plain marriages, 1696. The living is a rectory united to the :structure d flint with stone dressings, of the :Korman vicarages of North Stoke and Ipsdm, North Stoke bt>ing -period, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle, north the mother church; average yearly value of tithe rentporch and a western gable bell-cot containing 2 bells: charge £736, jo-int net yearly value .£436, in the gift of tb..e chancel retains its original north and south windows St. John's College, •Cambridge, and held since 1872 by

138 NEWNHAM MURREN. OXFORDSHIRE. [KELLY'S Parish Clerk, George Honey. Letters through Wallingford arrive at a-bout 7 a.m. & are dispatched from Crowmar:sh Gifford, which is th~ nearest mon:ey Qrder {lffice, at 12.30 & -8 p.m the Rev. Oharles 1Stanwell M.A. formerly fellow (}f that college, who resides at Ipsden vicarage. Emery's charity of £8 ss. yearly is for clothing. The church land produces Ios. a. year. Charles Hedges esq. of New'nham House, is. k1rd of the manor and principal landowner. The soil varies; subsoil, gravel. The crops are whoot and barley. The area is 1,852 acres; rat~able value, The children of this parish attend the school at Orow- £1,700; the p(}pulation in 1891 was-2q. marsh Gifford Hedges Charles, N ewnham house Dandridge Francis Charles, butcher Phillips George, & lime burner brick & tile makei" Allnatt Henry Edward, blacksmith Manley John L. farmer Brazill Thomas, farmer Woodley Richard, Queen's Head P.H NEWTON PURCELL is a parish and village on the living is a rectory with Shelswell annexed, tithe rentroad from Bicester to Buckingham on the borders of charge £318, average [,251, joint gross yearly value Bucks, about 5 miles north from Bicester station on the £285, with residence and 28 acres of glebe, in the gift Bletchley and Oxford branch of the London and North of Edward Slater-Harrison esq. and held since 1883 by Western railway, and 4! s<Juth-west from Buckingham the Rev. Thoma's Horace Cookes, of Worcester College. station on the Verney Junction and Banbury branch of Oxford. In 1884, the Rev. John Meade B..A.. rector the same line, and 6 north-east from 13icester, in the 1843-83, gave by deed in trust to the rector and church· l\:lid div1sion of the county, hundred and petty sessional wardens, the sum of [,250 in Consolidated 3 per Cents. division of Ploughley, union and county court district of £1 of the yearly interest to be given to the sexton, and Bicester, rural deanery of Bicester and archdeaconry the residue to the deserving poor of Shelswell and and diocese of Oxford. The ohurch of St. l\:lichael is an Newton Purcell. Edward Slater-Harrison esq. of Shelsancient building of stone, originally in the Early Norman well Park, is lord of the manor and sole landowner. The style, and consists of chancel, nave, south porch and a soil is stone brash; subsoil, clay. The chief crops are western turret containing a clock and 2 bells: the north wheat, beans and oats. The area is 593 acres; rateable doorway is a fine example of Norman work. The ea!'lt value, £6n; the population in 1891 was go. and west windows are stained, the former erected in Parish Clerk, James Waring. 1875, being a memorial to J. H. Slater-Harrison esq. d. 23 July, 1s74, and the Lady Louisa (Scott) his wife, d. Letters through Buckingham, which is the nearesi 2 g Oct. 1873. In the north wall is a monument sur- money order office, arrive at 8.10 a.m. Wall Letter mounted by a bust to Gilbert Harrison <Jf Shelswell Park, Box cleared at 12.40 & 4·35 p.m. Letters through d. 1790 : the churoh WlaS thorouglhly restored and repewed Bicester for Shelswell Park & Newton Morrell in 1875 at a cost of £870, and affm'lds 55 sittings, 25 being ~ational School (mixed), built in 1873• for 30 children; free. The register dates from the year 1681. The average attendance, 15; Mrs. Jane Cleaton, mistress Cookes Rev. Thomas Horace (rector) Humfrey William, farmer of Shelswell park, Newton Morrell Drake George Tyrwhitt, farmer, New- Waters William A.rthur. farmer, & & the Glebe & Eton College farms, ton grange land agent to E.Slater-lhrrison esq. Fringford (letters through Bicester) NOKE, in ancient writers "Oke" or "Ake," is a yearly value £g6, including 26! acres of glebe with secluded village and parish, bounded in part on the residence, in the gift of John Oharles Holder esq. of north by the river Ray, one mile and a half south-east Birmingham, and held since 1883 by the Rev. Henry from Islip station on the Bletchley and Oxford branch Thorp M.A. of Hertford College, Oxford. By deed of of the London and Korth Western railway, 6 miles trust, dated February 8, 1560, Joan Bradshaw gave to ncrth-east from Oxford and g south-west from Bicester, certain trustees rents amounting to £3 6s. 8d. yearly, in the Mid division of the county, hundred of Ploughley, arising from property at Ast<Jn Clinton, Bucks, of which petty sessional division of Bullingdon, union and county sum £3 is given to ten poor persons not rec!'iving court district of Bicester, rural deanery of Islip, arch- collections and 6s. 8d. to the trustees. The sum is now deaconry and diocese of Oxford. The church of St. paid by the Mercers' Company, in whom the estates are Giles is an ancient building of stone, originally in the vest!'d. John King, a native of this place and a farm Early English style, and consist~ of chancel, nave, south labourer, is recorded to have attained, in 1764, the age porch and a small turret on the western gable contain- of 128 years, being then perfectly able to walk daily ing 2 bells: in the nave is a north door, now blocked, from his house to Oxford market; he died in 1766. and on the north side of the chancel arch a Perpen- Henry Williams, of Oxford, and the trustees of the dicular niche; the nave roof is well cons·tructed and ap- Malthus charities of Blewbury, Berks, are the principal parently Early: the font is Early English, of a cylin- landowners. 'fhe soil is clay; subsoil, gravel. The drical form and resting on a circular base: the pulpit chief crops are wheat, barley and oats. The area is 784 is Jacobean, covered in the Italian style, and there are acres; rateable value, [,865; the population in 1891 some good old open benches : an hour-glass stand of was 100. iron remains in the splay of the north-east window: Parish Clerk, James Somerton. there was formerly a chapel on the north side of the Letters through Oxford. The nearest money order & chancel: in the organ chamber remains the mutilated telegraph office is at Islip. Wall Letter Box cleareCI effigy of Benedict Winchcombe, and a brass t<J Johan at 5.50 p.m IHurst) 1598, successively wife of' William Mainwaring, National School, built in 1863, for 40 children; average gent. of Eartham, Essex, 1529, and Henry Bradshawe attendance, 40; & endowed by a legacy called the esq. Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1553: there "Carlyle Legacy" of about £5 yearly; Miss Laura are 70 sittings. The register dates from the year 1554. Elizabeth Ball, mistress The living is a rectory, tithe rf)nt-charge £72, net Carrier to Oxford.-Somerton, mon. wed. & sat Hookbam Richard Parsley,Rectory hn Burrows William, farmer, Manor farm Wiggins William, Ploug-h P.H Thorp Rev. Henry M.A. Rectory Somerton James, farmer & carrier Williams Henry, farmer & landowner Williams Henry Stowe J oseph, farmer NORTHMOOR is a parish separated from Berkshire by the Isis, which is crossed at Newbridge, I~ miles south-west, by a stone bridge of 5 arches ; and at llablocke-Hythe, I! miles north-east by a ferry; it is 5 miles south from Eynsham station on the Fairford branch of the Great Western rari:lway, 6! south-we-st from Oxford, 6! south-east from Witney and 9 north-west from Abingdon in the Mid division of the county, hundred of Chadlington, petty sessional division of Bampton East, union and county court district; of Witney, rural deanery of Witney, arohdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. The church of St. Denis is an edifice Qf stone, in mixed styles, consisting of spacious chancel, north chapel, nave, south porch, and an embattled western tower of Decorated date, curiously constructed upon piers from the interior of the original church, and containing 6 bells and a. clock: the chancel is Early English, with an east window of singular design, now filled with stained glass as a memorial to Sarah Nalder; it retains a piscina and three good sedilia of the same period and a painting of Our Saviour bearing the Cross ; in the nmth chap·el, a Decorated work, are a pisoina and two sepulchral recesses, near which are recumbent effigies of a crosslegged knight and a lady: there is a memorial window in the nave to the Rev. E. Devon, a late vicar: the interior of the church has been restored and the chureb was re-opened 12th April, r887: Richard Lydall gave a ne'v bell and rebuilt the ringing loft in 1701 : there are rso sittings. The register dates from the year 1654. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value [,IIo, including 44 acres of glebe and vicarage house, built in 1893-4, in the gift of St. John's College, Oxford, and held since 1 8go by the Rev. William Charles Bell. Here is a Primitive Methodist chapel, and a Wesleyan, built in 1891, which will seat 100 persons. There are oharities for distribution of about £21 yearly and for church purposes of about £37· .A.ubrey Harcourt esq. of Nuneham Park, who is lord of the manor, and St. John's College. Christ Church and Magdalen College. Oxford,

DffiECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. NUNEHAM COURTENAY. 139 are the principal landowners. The soil is limestone and Post Office.-George Baston, sub-poSitmaster. Lette.:rs gravel; subsoil, gravel. The chief crops are wheat, bar- arrive from Oxford via Botley at 9.15 a. m.; disley, beans, turnips &c. The area is 2,037 ~res; rate- patched 6 p.ln. The nearest money order office is able value [2,586; the population in 1891 was 267. Eynsham, & telegraph office at Kingston Bagpuize Moorton is a hamlet one mile south-west. Church of England School, built in r873, to hold 8o; Sexton and Verger, Henry Webb. average attendance, 45; Miss Sarah King, mistress Bell Rev. William 8hnrles, Vicarage Clifton William, Chequers P.H. Bi>b- Eagle Richard, jun. cattle dealer COMMERCIAL. lock-Hythe · Hutt Edwin James, Red Li:m P.H Baston George, shopkeeper, Post office Holtom George Henry & Sons, nilllers Taylor Steppen, carpent<.:r 13uckingham Moses, Dun Cow P.H. & (water), Newbridge 'Valker Chnstopher, iarmer shopkeeper Hutt James, sen. assistant oversrer Waiter M:ary Ann (Mrs.), ~armer Burden Charles, farmer & farm ba.iliff to Hichard :Eagle esq. Wright Michael, R()se & Crown I'.H. Castle. Ann (Miss'), farmer Manor farm & wharfinger, Newbridge NUFFIELD is a parish and village, 4 miles south- inscription in Norman French to Beneit Engliss, c. 1360; east from Wallingford terminal station on a branch of there are. 150 sittings. The register dates from the the Great Western railway and 7 north-west from Hen- year 1570. The living is a rectory, average yearly value ley, in the Southern division of the county, hundred of of tithe rent-charge £403, with 58! acres of glebe, value Ewelme, ·petty sessional division of Henley, union of £45; net £zz8, with residence, in the gift of the Lord Henley, county district ()f Wallingford, rural deanery of Chancellor and ~ir James Hay Langham bart. held sinceHenley, archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. The 1888 by the Rev. Frederick William Orde Ward B.A. church of the Holy Trinity is a small but ancient Wadham College, Oxford. Sir James Hay Langham structure of rubble and :flint with stone dressings, of bart. of Cottesbrooke Park, Northampton, who is lord of the Decorateu period, consisting of chancel, nave, north the manor, the President and Fellows of 1\:Iagdalen Colaisle and a wooden pyramidal rower at the west end of lege, Oxford, and William Thamas Twidell esq. are the the aisle, containing 2 bells: the church, previous to chief landowners. The soil is light stock land, cultir8so, was carefully restored by Mr. B. Ferrey, architect, vated on the four-course or Norfolk system; subsoil~ and the chancel is modern, but the nave and aisles are chalk. The area is 2,076 acres; rateable value, [1,26r; part of the original fabric, and are separated by an the population in 1891 was 236. arcade with round pillars, having moulded caps and Parish Clerk, Joseph Francis. brasses: the font is a plain stone cylinder of the 13th Letters arrive through Henley-on-Thames at g,3o a. m. century and bears the following inscription, in Lombar- Pillar Box cleared at 4.40 p.m.; sundays, at 9 a.m~ die characters, round the upper part, the plinth being The nearest money order office is at Nettlebed, & the built into a pillar: nearest telegraph office is at Nettlebed u FON'IE SACRO LOTUM VEL MUNDAT GRA.CIA TOTUM .A. Sohool Board of 5 me.mbers was formed 2 Oct. 1874;. Rev. F. W. 0. Ward B . .A.. hon. clerk to the board VEL NON EST SACRI MUNDACIO PLENA LAVACRI:" Board. School, for 56 children; average attendance, 58; here is a small brass, with half effigy of a priest and an nilstress, Mrs. Kate Saunders Ohoice Mrs Roberts Oswald L.R.C.P.:Edin. sur- Twidell Wm.Thos. farmer,May·s fr:m Wilrd Rev. Frederick ·wmiam Orde geon, & medical officer & public vac- \Vatters James Nathaniel, Crown inn. B.A. Rectory cinator Nettlebed dist.Ilenley union Willis John, farmer Francis Henry, blacksmith NUNEHAM COURTENAY is a parish and village, of Wemyss, for £r7,ooo, by Simon, 1st Baron and buunded on the west by the Isis, which separates it Viscount Harcourt, and Lord Chancellor of England, who fr()m Berkshire, 3! miles north from Culham station on died 28 July, 1727. His grandson Simon, rst Earl Harthe Didcot Junction and Oxford branch of the Great court P.C., F.R.S. Lord Lieut. of Ireland 1772-7, reWestern railway, 6 south-by-east from Oxford, and 3 moved the village from its original position near the north-east from Abingdon, in the Southern division of house to its present site on the London road. :Nuneham the county, hundred and petty sessional division of Park, the seat of .A.ubrey Harcourt esq. J.P. lord of th~ Bullingdon, union and county court district of Abing- manor and sole landowner, is a be.autifully undulating don, rural deanro-y of Cuddesdon, and archdoo.conry and and finely timbered domain of r ,2oo acres, well stocked diocese of Oxford. Of the ancient church, taken down with deer, and extending for a considerable distance along by Simon, rst Earl Harcourt in 1764, some remains are the river Isis: , the park, which rises steeply from the still standing in the adjoining grounds at Baldon; these river bank to a height of about 270 feet, affords e:xtenconsist of part of the walls, a good Early English win- sive and beautiful views on every side and a particularly dow, with the shafts and caps, a lancet window and a fine view of Oxford is obtained from Whitehead's Oak~ mutilated but splendid oomb to SirAnthony Pollard, 1577, near which, upon a knoll, immediately above the river~ and his wife Philippa, r6o6, with effigies of the knight, st.ands the Conduit, originally erected at Carfax, in the his lady and two children: an acC<Junt of the arms and cerrtre of the city of Oxford, by Otho Nicholson esq. monuments in the old church, taken in 166o, is given student of Cbrist Church, in r6ro: it is a rectangular in Harl. MS. 4170. The church of All Saints, built in structure in the Renaissance style, with an open parapet. 1764 (on the removal of the .ancient church) b:- Simon, aruorned with th'l rep-eated initials of the donor 0. :N. rst Earl llarcourt, from a design furnished by himself, suns in splendour, from his arms, and his crest, a lion's slightly altered by Stuart, is still standing on a slight head: at the angles -are the supporters, art various eminence near the river Isis, and is a plain, oblong periods, of the Royal arms, carrying vanes, and along building with a low dome in the centre and a very small the parapet are disposed other figures and ornaments ; apse at the east end: the west end has a portico of six from within it, four massive curved ribs, springing Icnic columns, supporting a pediment and small seg- towards the centre, suppol't a kind of octagonal turret mental windows ; on the north and south sides are with niches enclosing statuettes, and between these tall semicircular porches: this building is now disused. The buttresses carrying other figures, and the whole is new church of All Saints, erected close to the village finished with a. small dome crowned by a single statue as by the late E. W. Harcourt e.sq. M.P. (d. I8gr), at a a finial: the structure, which is singularly picturesque, cost of £3,500, and consecrated May r8th, 188o, is a was taken down in 1787, .and presented by the city to building of st-one in the Early English style: in 18go, a George Simon, 2nd Earl Harcourt, who had it remortuary chapel wa.s added by the late patron, and paired at some expense and placed here : the mansion~ since then a memorial wind{)w has been erected to his erected by the Ist Earl Harcourt, from the designs of memory by a personal friend: the church affords 140 Mr. Leadbetter, is a large but very plain building of sittings. The register dates from the year 1715. The stone, and consist-s of a central block, with wings united living is a rectory, tithe rent-charge £463, averagp to it by corridors, and contains many valuable paintings £340, net yeatly value £343• with 32~ acres of glebe by the old masters, besides a very interesting collection and residence, in the gift of Aubrey Harcourt esq. and of family portraits by Marc Gerard, Velasquez, Opie. held since 1887 by the Rev. William Henry Cast1eman Jackson, Reynolds and others: the library contains a M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge. Archbishop liar- series of important aut(Jgraph letters and family MSS. court and Lady Harcourt's charities of £23 rrs. 8d. including many letters by George III. from his boyhood ye-arly are for clothing and fuel. The village acquired until the time when his mental faculties became imits name from Robert de Courtenay, who married in paired; ~ere also are portraits of Horace Walpole, Prior, 1214 Mary, youngest daughter of William de Redvers, Mason and Pope, presented by themselves, and a very 6th Earl of Devon, by which family the manor had fine portrait of Milton as a youth, by Van der Gncht; previously been held; to these succeeded Sir John Pol- the curiosities and relics, (If which there is a very large lard, of King's Nympton, Devon, and other owners; and and singularly interesting collection, comprise a service in r7m the estate was purchased fr()ID. David, 4th Earl of Sevres, made for use at a fete on the occasion of the

140 NUNEHAM COURTENAY. OXFORDSHIRE. [ KELLY'S parts the stream, there is a broad greensward, with ccttages, erected by Earl Harcourt, for the convenience of visitors, and a rustic aaken bridge, a s~cial feature in the view, crosses to the island. The soil is lower green sand with patches of gault and Kimmeridge clay; subsoil, gravel. The chief crops are wheat, barley and oats. The area iJS 2,041 acres; rateable value, £2,770; the population in r8gr was 285. Parish Clerk, James Manley. Post & M. 0. 0., S. B. & Annuity & Insurance. Office.- Levi Besley, sub-postmaster. Letters arrive through Oxford at 7 a.m. ; dispatched at 5.46 p.m. ; on sundays at 2.36 p.m. The post town of the house is .A.bingdon ; the letter bag is dropped a.t Culham station. The nearest telegraph office is at Sandford-onThames king's recovery in 1789; Rousseau's Tasso and pocketbook, with numerous papers and memoranda, given to Earl Harcourt by his widow ; a quarry of glass from the tower at Stanton Harcourt, in this county, on which Pope, whea staying there, had scratched the words, "In the year 1718, Alexander Pope finished here the Fifth Book of Hom~r;" Queen Charlotte's snuff box; some tapes.trr, wol'ked by Mary, Queen of Scots, and many other unique articles: the gardens, laid out by Lancelot (" Capability") Brown and Mason the poet, are very fine and oombine at once the formal and the picturesque ; to the left of the house the walks run for some distance parallel with the river, winding amidst pleasant t.hickets; on the opposite side a sterner style prevails, with high clipped hedges, grottoes, statues and poetical inscriptions by Mason and William Whitehead, poet Laureate, or by earlier authors : the public are admitted t.o the park on Tuesdays and Thursdays only, from the Parochial School, for 100 children; average attendance, ISt of May to the middl!~ of September, and private 76; Christopher John Parry Ackerman, master parties to the gardens, on Tuesdays, only, from 2 to 5 ; Carriers to Oxford.-Giles, from Wallingford, wed. & tickets a.re obtainable on application to Mr. H. Gale, sat. ; Greenaway, from Dorchester, wed; & sat. to I<~st.ate Agent, Nuneham Courtenay. The woods on the 'White Hart,' Oxford; Brockland, from Nuneham, left bank descend almost uninterruptedly to the water's wed. & sat. & .A.bingdon, man.; Carter, from Marsh edge, but at one point, where an island with tall willows Baldon, wed. & sat.; & to .A.bingdon on mon 'Castleman Rev. Wm.H., M . .A.. Rectory Brockland 'rhomas, carrier Jone.s William, baker & grocer narconrt .A.ubrey J.P.Nuneham park; Ellis George Foster, registrar of births Nicholls Arthur George, head gar- & Carlton club, Lc.ndon SW & deaths for :Nuneham Courtenay dener, Nuneham park COMMERCIAL. 'Besley L. engineer & general Post office 1Bravington H.obert, farmer smith, sub-district Abingdun union Smith Jose-;.;h, Harcom·t .A.rms P.H Gale Harry, land agent to Aubrey Rar- Swell Henry, boot maker & draper court esq Taylor Frcderick Charles, farmer Kennedy John, farm bailiff to .A.. Har- Towsey Charles, head gamekeeper court esq Turner Mary (Miss), farmer ODDINGTON, anciently "Ottendon," is a parish and d. 1771; James M-oore, 18o6; and to the Rev. John village on the river Ray, 2 miles east from !slip station Bruere B.D. 30 years rector, d. 1776, and Margaret, his ()n the Bletchley and Oxford section of the London and wife, d. 1761, with two children: in 11 884-6 a north aisle North ·western railway, 6~ south-west from Bicester was added, and the church generally restored, at a cost and 8 north-east from Oxford, in the Mid division of the of £I, 192: there are 120 sittings: in the churchyard county, hundred of Ploughley, petty sessional division of are the remains of a cross, consisting of a shaft, raised Bnllingdon, union and county court district of Bicest-er, on three steps. The register dates from the year 1571. rural deanery of !slip and archdeaconry and diocese of The living is a rectory, net yearly value £220, with Oxford. The church <lf St. Andrew is a small but residence, formerly in the gift <lf Trinity College, Oxancient edifice of stone, chiefly of the Decorated period, ford, but now a private patronage, and held since 1893 and consists of chancel (rebuilt in 1821), nave of three by the Rev. Samuel Crawley M.A. Cantuar. In the 'bays, north aisle, south porch and a western tower, parish are two mineral springs, and across what was 'With plain parapet and pyramidal roof, containing 4 formerly Otmoor common a Roman road passed from 'bells : the chancel retains an elegant piscina and a Beckley to the Roman station .J!:lia Castra, or Alchester. curious brass, with worm-eaten skeleton effigy in shroud Lieut.-General Charles Sawyer, of Heywood Lodge, to the memory of Ralph Hamsterley M.A. a former Maidenhead, who is lord of the manor, Mr. Staples fellow of Merton College, Oxford, sometime rector here, Brown and Magdalen College, Oxford, are the principal and master <lf University College, Oxford, from 1509; I landowners. The soil is chiefly clay; subsoil, clay. The he died 4 Aug. 15r8, and is said to have been buried in! land is chiefly in pasture, some arable. The area ili 'Merton College chapel: the font is plain and round: 1 r,317a. rr. 25p.; rateable value, £1,424; the population -there is a memorial to James Robins, minister, d. 165g, ! in 1891 was r6r. 'Wthho was 1 appoinfteTdhto theBliving bDy Dthe Parlia 1 t;ntent hon Parish Clerk, John Franklin. e expu s1on o omas rowne . . a roya 1s , w o . ·had been rector from 1 540 and chaplain to Chas. I. Letters through Oxford arr1ve at 8.30 a.m. Is~ip is the while at Oxford; he was afterwards restmed, and died I nearest money order & . telegraph office. Pillar B.ox at Windsor, 6 Dec. 1 673 ; there are other memorials to cleared at 5· 15 p.m. ; wmter months mre hour earlier Henry Brooker M.A. rector, d. 1679; Mary, wife of the The children of this parish attend the school at CharlRev. Peter Brett M.A. minister of Charlton-on-Otmoor, ton-on-Otmoor ~rawley Rev. Samuel M . .A.. Rectory Pranklin H~· . .A.bram. farmer,Logg frm Tredwell Thomas, farmer (Jollett John, farmer Haynes "William, farmer Tredwell wmiam, farmer, New hoUSi\ Cox 1'horna1<, farmer, The Grange Preston Henry, farmer OXFORD. This city, called in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle "Oxna- 1 mingham, Shrewsbury and North Wales; from this .forda," and in Domesday "Oxeneford,'' the capital of station branches proceeding through Worcester and and a polling place for the Mid division of the county, a through Cheltenham and Gloucester afford direct com- .county borough, the see of a bishop and the seat of a munication with the West Midlands and South Wales; umiversity, with a distinct jurisdiction of its own, is by the line from Didcot, via Newbury and Winchester, ;situated in the midst of fertile meadows at the con- immediate communication is obtained with Southampton fl.uence of and lying between the rivers Cherwell and and Portsmouth; and there are branches to Fairfor<1 Isis, which surround it on the east, west and south, and and \Yoodstock, and a loop line connecting Oxford with aeparate it from Berkshire. Oxford is locally in the Maidenhead, via Princes Risborough, from which are 'hundred. and petty sessional division of Bullingdon, short lines to Aylesbury and Watlington; Bath, Bristol :giving tts name to a rural deanery and archdeaconry, and the West of England are reached via Didcot. In ;and is '63 miles from London, 27 north-west from Read- r8gr the Great ·western station was completely reing, '13 west from Thame, 6 north from Albingdon, 23 modelled and enlarged at an estimated cost of £w,oo'b . . south from Banbury, 42 from Leamington, 18 north-east The London and North ·western railway has a terminal irom "Faringdon, 21 south-west from Ayl-esbury, 46 from station here on a branch line from Bletchley junction, Windsor, 56 from Worcester, 67 from Gloucester, 66 3 ~~ miles from Oxford, but the distance to London by :from Birmingham, 75 from Bristol and 150 from Exeter, this route is 78 miles, and the trains are less frequent. :ahl by railway. The Great Western railway, opened to For poor law purposes the parishes in the city are under 'Oxford 12 June, 1844, has a station here, 63 miles from a local act, except St. Clement's, St. Gilets and St. John Loo.d{m, on the main line, via Didcot junction, to :Bir- the :Baptist, in Hea.dington union.

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 141 The history of the justly famed University is involved I ISI8 and 1533, and founded the see of Oxford. 6 Jan~ in much obscurity: the statement, attributed to Asser, 1542; his widow, Queen Catherine Parr, ar:rind il'l Oxthat Alfred the Great visited Oxford in 886 and settled ford IS July, I548, and was received and banqueted at the dissensions of St. Grimbald and the scholars, ap· Magdalen College. On 16 Oct. I555, the ma.:Ptyrdom of pears to have been introduced into an edition of Asser Bishops Ridley and Latimer took place here, near to 31 published in Frankfort in I6o3; the earliest known spot in the .Broad street now marked by an iron cross;. reference of the foundation to that king is found in the and on 2I March in the following year, Archbishop "Polychronicon 7' of Ralph Higden, who died in 1363, Cranmer suffered death at the same stake. Queen and he is also said by Rous, who was a scholar here in Elizabeth incorporated the University in 1571, granting the 15th century, to have founded three schools at this at the same time divers new and special privileges; and place for philosophy, grammar and divinity, in June, visited the city in I566, I574. I575· 1591 and I592. On the872, near the present site of the University College, but 15th March, 1570, the city was 'alarmed by an earththe legitimate date of the foundati<ln of that college is quake, which passed over the Continent and in Londonnot earlier than 1280, while Merton College, established caused two deaths. In July, 1577, occurred the "Black& at Maiden, in Surrey, in 1264, was removed to Oxford Assize," at which, within 40 days, Sir Robert Bell kth in I274 and refounded on a site purchased for this pur- the Lord Chief Baron, Sir Robert D.Oyley, High Sheriff. pose by Waiter de Merton in 1267, and it is fr<Jm this Serjeant Barham, several magistrates and about 300. period, rather than any earlier, that Oxford as a Uni- more, were carried off by gaol fever. James I. in the versity may be said to exist. Mythical history ascribes first year of his reign (1603) removed his eourt hither. the origin of the city to one Mempric, or Mempricius, and came in great state 27 Aug. 16o5, accompanied by B. C. 1009; other writers consider it to have arisen from the Queen and Prince of Wales, and subsequently in the the gradual establishment here of various bands of years x6og, 1614, 1615, I62I and 1624. Charles I. on. settlers; and the foundation has been further assigned account <Jf the plague in London, held his Court and to the year A.D. 727, when it is said St. Frideswide set Parliament at Oxford in 1625, and on 27 Aug. 1629, cameup a nunnery where Christ Church now stands; but the with his Queen Henrietta, and again 29 Aug. I636 with. real history of the city may be said to date from the Charles, elector palatine, and his brother Rupert. Duryear 9I2, when, as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records, ing more than four years and up to April, I646, Chas. L "King Edward (called the 'Elder') took possession of frequently resided in Oxford, always at Christ Church,. London and Oxford and all lands which thereto belonged," and was occasionally joined by the Queen, whose apartand it then became a fortified town and the head of a ments were at Merton, a special private way being shire. Alth<Jugh King .Alfred, born at Wantage, 16 formed between the two colleges for the use of thei:F miles from Oxford, 25 Oct. 849, has been said to have Majesties. Throughout the Civil War the city adhered sojourned in the city in 886, there is nothing in the to the roya.l cause, and eventually surrendered to the. chronicle to show that he ever visited it: .Elfward, son Parliamentary forces only by order of the King, I8 May. of Edward the Elder, however, died here in 924; and r646. In 1644, 6 Oct. a fire broke out in the street now Athelstan is said to have est'ablished a mint at Oxfmd called "George street," and, spreading southwards, desin 925: in 1009 the place was burnt by the Danes, and troyed 320 houses between Corn market and New Inn. in 10I3 submitted to Sweyn: Edmund "Ironside" met Hall street. Charles II. visited Oxford twice, in OcL his death at Oxford 30 Nov. IOI7, by the treachery of 1665, remaining, on account of the plague in London~ E_adric, and in the next year a gemot was held at Oxford till Jan. 1666, and 2I Feb. I68I, and he held a Parliaunder King Cnut. This great council, then including ment here in March, I68o~1; Jame·s II. only once, in. both Saxons and Danes, was several times subsequently I687, when he endeavoured, though vainly, t'O force a convened on this spot, as in 1065, when the Danish Code Romish president on Magdalen College, and William IlL 11as adopted, Tostig outlawed, and Morcar made Ear'l of on one 'Occasi<Jn, in 1695. Queen Anne spent one day ~orthumberland. The date of the submission of Oxford at Oxford with her consort, Prince George of Denmark, to iVilliam the Conqueror seems quite uncertain, and on their way to Bruth, 24 Aug. 1702, having previously its reported siege by him is now regarded as wholly visited the city when Princess Anne, in 1688. In theerroneous. In I07I the castle came into the hands of first year of the reign of George I. Oxford was the Robert D'Oyley, or D'Oilgi, who strengthened it, built socene of serious Jacobit~ riots, during which three No~ within it the chapel of St. George and erected Hythe conformist meeting~houses were destroyed and great. bridge. The Empress Maude having subsequently ob~ excesses committed: on 5 Dec. I7IS, an intense frost tained possession. of the castle, was so C'l'osely besieged began, which continued for ten weeks, the Isis being , therein in II42 by King Stephen that she only escaped entirely frozen up. Neither George I. or II. visited the. being made a prisoner by passing the Isis, then frozen, city, but George Ill. honoured it by his presence I7 and traveiTing on foot through deep snow t<J Abingdon, 6 Sept. I785, and again I8 Aug. I786, being accompanied miles distant, whence she took horse for Walling-ford on both occasions by the Queen and princesses. On the Castle. Richard I. and John were both born at Beau- 6th Jan. I793· the no'torious revolutionary and infidel mont Palace, in Oxford, the former 13 Sept. 1157, and v>riter Thomas Paine was burnt in effigy at Carfax, by the latter 24 Dec. II66, and in his reign a parliament the townsfolk. In July, r8o2, Lord Nelson arrived in. was summoned to meet here IS June, 1213. Henry Ill. Oxford and received the honorary degree of D.C.L. and visited the city in I227, again in I234 (when he resided the freedom of the city in a gold box. On Tuesday, in state at Oseney Abbey) and in 1247; the Parliament 14 June, 18I4, the Prince Regent, tlhe Emperor Alexof I258, known as the "Mad Parliament," met here II ander ofRussi.a, the King of Prussia, the Grand Duchesses. June and framed a code of statutes called "The Pro- of Russia and Oldenburgh, the Dukes of York and Welvisions of Oxford," from which the present system of lington, Marshal .Bliicher and various <Jther royal an<L political representation may be said to have originated; distinguished personages, were received in Oxford with and in 1297 Edward I. granted to the citizens the privi~ great ceremony and magnificently entertained, the Mayor lege of electing two burgesses in Parliament, the first of and Town Clerk being bdth knighted in honour of thewhom wpre Thomas de Sawy and Andrew de Pyrie. visit. During the reign of William IV. his Queen, Edward II. frequently visited Oxford, residing at Beau- Adelaide, sojourned f<Jr three days in Octdber, 1835. mont Palace, which he presented in I3I7 to the Car~ at the "Angel hotel," wlu-ch then occupied part me lites or ·white Friars. Edrward m. was educated at of the site ()£ the present new "Schools" in the Higlr. Balliol College, and frequently revisited the city, grant- street; and on 8 Nov. 1832, the Princess Victoria, acing it in 1330 a commission of the peace, and to the compa.nied by the Duchess of Kent, passed through thee University additional privileges in I356-7. In 1354 a city and received wyal addresses. Her present Majesty. desperate Gown and Town riot began on St. Scholastica's since her accession, has twice visited the city; first on. day, IO Feb. and lasted three days, during- which 40 rs June, I84I, toge'ther with the Prince Consort and a students and 6o townsmen lost their lives. Edward the numerous suite; and more recently, on r2 Dec. 186o .. Black Prince studied at Queen's College in I34I-2, and during the undergraduate residence of H.R.H. the Prince. his son, Richard II. confirmed to the University aU its of Wales, who was matriculated at Christ Church, IS former privileges. Henry V. also matriculated at Oct. I85g. H.R.H. the Prince Cons'Ort was a frequent-. Queen's College, and his successor, Henry VI. who visitor during his lifetime, his last visit being paid only visited the place in 1447, is s-aid to have received his twelve months previous to his decease in 186r. H.RH. education at the University. Edward IV. with his the lu.te Prince Leopold, Duke of .Albany, entered at. Queen, came to Oxford in I481 and was entertained by Christ Church 27 Nov. I872; H.R.H. the Crown Prince. its founder at Magdalen College, where also, soon after of Denmark 20 Oct. 1863 and H.H. Prince Hassan of: his accessi<Jn, Richard m. held his court and heard Egypt was created D.O.L. from that house 13 June, 1872. disputations in the college hall. Henry VII. was re- I Oxford, including its suburbs, comprises an area of ceived at Oxford with great rejoicing in 1488, and his at least ro miles in circumference, with an average son, Prince Arthur, was a guest at M'agdalen College width of 2 miles from the east to west, and of about 3 in I50I. Henry ''Ill. visited the city thrice, in 1510, miles from north to south. The city as defined by its.

142 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. [KELLY'S anci-ent fortifications formed a kind of ellipse, and wa:; formerly environed by a battlemented wall with bastions about r5o feet distant from each other, of which a considerable portion still constitutes .the north and east boundary of New College gardens ; and other pol"iions remain on the south side of Mer'ton College gardens and .elseWhere; the walls were comple.tely restored in 1380 by the special vrder of King Richard II., and on the foundation of New College the perpetual repair of the 'fortifica.tions was undertaken by Wykeham. There are .four principal entrances into Oxford, three of which are over bridges ; Magdalen bridge, on the eastern side, which crosses two branches of the Oherwell, is 526 feet in length and was erected in 1779, under the direction of Mr. Gwynn, at a cost of £8,ooo, but in 1882-3 it was widened on the south side to the extent of 20 feet, from the plans and under the superintendence of Mr. W. H. White, the city engineer, the original designs being strictly adhered to. The stone used for the face work was obtained from the Taynton quarries, and, that far the work below the water line from the Starworth -quarries in La.ncashir·e. The carved key-stones af the old 'bridgs were carefully reproduced by Mr. Graft<m, of 13ullingdon Road, Oxford, and the river bed beneath both the old and the new work was deepened to the extent of 3ft. 6in. unaer the supervision of the Thames Valley Drainage· Commissioners. The High Street, one of the noblest thoroughfares in Europe, stretches westward from th'is bridge to the cemre of the city, known as ·" Carfax." Folly bridge, formerly called " Grand Pont," -crDsses the Isis and forms the approach to Oxford from the south, 'terminating in St. Aldate's street. In 1888 a new iron girder hridge wrus erected over the stream on the south side of Folly bridge, in place of the old wooden structure. On the west are several bridges, which cross -either the Oxford canal or branches of the Isis on a road familiarly known as the "Seven Bridges Road;" 'Only six, howev€r, of these bridges are now visible : l'acey's or Oseney bridge, the one nearest to the city, being at the west end of a long street, leading from the railway stations to Queen street, and called the New Road; t'his bridge, rebuilt of iron in r888, was opened to the public 31 Dec. in that year ; the main arch has -a span of 6o feet, the remaining arches, abutments and weir being of ·stone. In r88g the !bridge over Wareham's etream in St. Thomas's parish was widened 7 feet, and Hythe bridge partly rebuilt with concrete arches on iron girders; the whole length of the river from the Canal Lock to the Castle Mill was also thoroughly cleaned out -and deepened at a cost of nearly £6oo; and in 1892 the timber foot-bridge at Medley was taken down and re- -constructed; and in 1894 a public ferry was provided on the lower river near the Long Bridges, in connection with an embanked footpath on the north bank leading to Iffi.ey lane. During the period 1888-94, many streets were variously improved, a large number of new suburban streets and roads completed, widened or laid out, -sundry private streets and roads taken over, trees planted along several roads in the northern suburb, and improvements made in various streets within the ciiy. The precipitous causeway on the north side of Headington Hill was fenced in iru r894. The canal which extends to the Coventry canal, was begun in 1754 and completed in 1790; it is 91! miles in length, "and is the property 'Of a company. . . The architectural views of the city in every direction are singularly interesting. FrDm Cumnor hill, on the north-west, the prospect resemlbles thn.t from the hills -above Cologne. The towers, spires and pinnacles of various lofty edifices are from this poin't very happily grouped, and combine to the greatest advantage· with the fine dome of t!he Radcliffe Camera, the breaks in the horizontal lin-e being entirely free from the mDnOtony which characterises. the views of Rome from a similar eminence, where domes are infinitely repeated, from the immensity of St. Peter's to the diminutive cupola of a convent. From the second hill near Bag-ley Wood, to the south-west, the landscape is foreshortened, with the hall of Christ Church as the principal object and Magdalen Tower to the east, while viewed from the G-odstow meadows <Jn the north, with the wide sweep of the upper river in the foreground, 'the city, especially during the season of floods, looks almost like another Venice. From Headington Hill, Iffley and Nuneham, the gre~tt features change their position without losing their beauty, and as most of the grand buildings of Oxford app~'O'lcb nearly to each other, the accidental grouping of them from different points of view affords both surprise and pleasure; these buildings, singly considered, ha>e sufficient me·rit to detain the artist, being in themselves rich examples both of the Gothic and the Pal~ ladian styles, and worthy monuments of the skill and truste of the most eminent art'ists England has suc~:ssively produced. It has been observed by an elegant critic that the architectural beauties of Oxford, as a whole, exceed those of any city in the British empire. ·with the exception of Rome, Florence, Venice and Genoa, Oxford will find few rivals .on the Continent ; so grand and varied a group of towers, turrets, spires and cupolas must, on his approach, str,ike €Very traveller with admiration of a. city where learning rears her head amid so much surrounding splendour. The High street of Oxford, a noble thoroughfare 2,540 feet in length and 85 feet broad at its widest part, is admired not only for its extent, but for the graceful curvalture of its cours-e and the number of public buildings, in various styles of arc'hitec'ture, with which it is adorned. .A.'t Carfax (popularly derived from "quatre voies," Lat. "quadrivium," four ways), the four principal streets of the city, viz., the High S<treet, Corn Market street (continued into St. Giles' street), St. Aldate's str€et and Queen street, converge to a centre. Carfax conduit, a quadrangular structure• of singular and elaborate design, erected in r61o by Otbo Nicholson, a student <lf Christ Church, at a cost of £2,5oo, formerly stood at the junction of t'h'ese four streets, but was taken down in 1787 and presented ilo George Simon, 2nd Earl Harcourt, who re~erected it in Nuneham Park, where it still stands. The Corporation of Oxford ranks among the most ancient in the kingdom, and is mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle in ·1013 in -association with that of London, to the privileges of which its Dwn closely corresponded. The mayor of Oxford holds the righrt of being royal butler at the coronation of English sovereigns, an office crea.ted by Henry I. in II28 and confirmed by Richard I. Charters were granted to Oxford by Henry II. King John, ngg; Henry Ill. in 1257; Edward I. in 1301; and ·by James I. in r6o5, this lasot being the charter under which the city of Oxford was governed previous to the passing of the "Municipal Corporations' Act," Sept. 1835 (5 and 6 Wm. IV. c. 76). In accordance with the City of Oxford Order 188g, made by the Local GDvernment Board, in pursuance of sections 52 and 54 of the Local Government .Act, 1888, and section 297 of the Public Health Act, 1875, and subsequently confirmed by .Act of Parliament, the boun~ daries of the city were extended so as to inclose both the existing city .and the sanitary district, with adjoining portions of the rural sanitary districts of the Headington and .A.bingdon unions, the whole area being decreed within the city and made a county district, and the city, thus extended, made a C{)unty ·borough, and at the same time the area of the county of Oxford was al'tered so as to comprise such porti()n or portions of the county of Berks as are included within the enlarged boundaries of the city. The county borough is now divided into north, south, east and west wards, in place of the five wards previously existing, and comprises 14 parishes with portions of three others at the city boundaries. The council of the county borough, under the same Order, now consists of 45 councillors, of whom 36 are elected by the city and 9 by the University; and also of 15 alde·rmen, 12 chosen by the councillors and aldermen representing the citizens, and 3 by the councillors and aldermen representing the University; the whole municipal body thus consists of 6o persons, one-fifth being representatives of the University. The officers of the borough remain the same as appointed under the Municipal Corporation Acts of 1835 and 1882, viz. : a MayiQr, High Steward, Recorder, Sheriff and Conservat<lr of Port Meadow and the Fisheries, a Town Clerk (who is also cle.rk of the peace for the city), Oity Solicitor, City Accountant, four Oity Lecturers, a Coroner, three .A.uditlors, Mayor's Sergeant, end other officers. The Local Board, established in Oxford about r864 under the Local Government Act, r8sB, ceased tD exist 9 Nov. 188g, and all its properties, powers, dutie·s and liabilities have been transferred to the new corporation, which now acts through its special committees as the Urban Sanitary Authority and also as a Burial Board, and has in the s·ame way assumed the control of the market, previously vested in or attached to the University or the. Market Oommittee, although the University still continues to appoint two clerks of the market. The water works for the supply of Oxford are among the most ancient in the kingdom, having been first established in the reign of Ja.mes I. The original well house at Hinksey, z miles south-weSII; of Oxford, still exists; from that point the water, which flowed into the cistern in the well house from the adjacent springs, was conveyed by 3-inch lead pipes in a direct line to the city, and passing across the fields, und~r th~ Isis, close

• DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 143 to the present Great Western railway bridge, througb the Friars and up St . .A.ldate's, terminated at the conduit at Carfax, erected, as mentioned above, by Otho Nicholaon. The demand for water continuing to increase, a water wheel ·and subsequently a steam engine were placed at the bottom of Isis .street, and water from the river was supplied; but a much larger and purer ~mpply becoming necessary, the works were removed in 1854 to Hinksey, where extensive excavatiO'Ils in the gravel had allowed of the accumulation of a large quantity. of naturally filtered water, which, when pumped out, was continually replenished by fresh quantities of underground water flowing in. These works have been enlarged from time to time, the most important addition being that of completely new filtering beds constructed in 1885, under the Oxford (Corporation) Water Works Acts, .1875 and 1885 (38 Vict. c. 41 and 48 Vict. c. 24). An auxiliary supply is also obtained from the river Isis at King's weir, about 4 miles aJbove Oxford; the water Qbtained from this source is conveyed by gravitation through 24-inch ca:st iron pipes to the Hinksey pumping Etation, and during 1890 a large addition was made to the pumping machinery, and a number of new fire hy- '<lrants .fixed. In 1892-3 the intake at King's weir was reconstructed and improved by dredging and other operations, and in 1894 the system of mains was much extended and improved. The supply to the city is constant ap.d of the best quality. Mr. E. K. Burstal M.Inst. 'C.E. is the engineer. The city is supplied with gas from works in Gas street, the property of a company established in 1888; and since 1892 has also been furnished with the electric light; a scheme for lighting the central portion of the city was carried out in that year by the Oxford Electric Lighting Co. under contract with the Corporation for three yeavs; in Oct. of that year the number of lamps Empplied was 2,ooo, but in Oct. 1894,these had increased t<1 n,ooo, and besides the principal streets, rnany .public buildings, colleges, and business and private houses are now lighted by electricity. The principal station is at Oseney, and there are two sub-stations. In 1889 the drainage system was extended by about 3! miles, and in 1890 an area of 4 acres was prepared for filter beds, and provision made for an extension of equal -area and for extending the system of iron sewage mains ; during 1894 a new drain was laid on the .A.bingdon road to facilitate the drainage of the Hinksey district ; other new drains were consstructed on the Iffiey and Woodstock roads and a large number of sewer ventila.ting shaft~ <8rected in place of surfuci} ventilators. The pumping -station and filtering beds are in Littlemore parish. Many meetings of Parliament are recorded to have taken place at Oxford, the last of which was in the reign -{)f Charles II., in March 168o-1. The city regularly sent two members to Parliament from the reign of Edward I. until the passing of the Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885, by which the repre&entation was reduced to one member; the right of election is defined by the Reform Act, and the may<Jr is the returning officer. By the lJound'ary .Act, I 868, the Parliaroellftary limits were extended and now include the remainder of the parishes of St. Clement and St. Giles, not then in the municipal borough, and also parts 'Of Cowley, Headington, Iflley and Marston, with South Hinksey (Berks). Oxford has conferred the title of earl on the families Qf de V ere and Harley; the former earldom b~ame extinct on the death of Aubrey de Vere, 2oth Earl of 'Oxford, 12 March, 1702; and the latter on the death of .Alfred, 6th earl, 19 Jan. 1853. THE SEE OF OXFORD. The see of Oxford constituted part of the di{)cese of Lincoln until the year 1542, when Henry VIII. erected it into a bishopric, with a jurisdicii'()n extending over the entire county of Oxford, which he endowed with the -estates of the dissolved monasteries of Oseney and .A.bingdon, assigning at the same time the abbey church of Oseney as a cathedrol to the di()cese. This great Augustinian abbey, situated in the western suburbs of the present city of Oxford, was founded by Robert D'Oyley, the second (nephew to the first of that name), at the d-esire of his wife Edith, in the reign of Henry I., .A..D. 1129; and on its dissolution Robel'lt King, last -abbot of Oseney, w.as appointed bishop of the new see, I Sept. 1542; Henry VIII. 9 June, 1545, transla.ted thP. episcopal see to the cathedral church of Christ, in Oxford, llittached to the college founded by Wolsey in 1525, {)n the site of the suppre~Ssed priory of St. Frideswide, nnd refounded by the King in 1532; and he further granted some of the estates which had been appropriated by Cardinal Wolsey to the maintenance of his college to the Dean and Chapter : the value of the see, as reported by the commissioners for inquiring into the ecclesiastical revenues, was £2,400 yearly; but the bishop receives at the present time, from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £5,ooo a year; the present bishop, consecrated bishop of Chester 25 .April, 1884, and translated to Oxford in 1888, is the Right Rev. William Stubbs D.D., F.S.A. formerly fellow of Trinity College, hon. fellow of Oriel and ChanceHor 'Of the Order of the Garter, who resides at Cuddesdon Pa~lace, near Wheatley, in this county; London address, .A.thenreum Club. The Cathedral of Christ Church, Oxford, one of the smallest of English cathedrals, was originally the church of the Priory of St. Frideswide, surrendered ro Cardinal Wolsey for the purposes of his new cDllege in 1522, and in style belongs chiefly to the Transition Norman and Early English periods ; but port~ons of the edifice are of later styles down t<> the Perpendicular; the- nave, choir, central tower and transepts (as far as the roof) are late Nurman, and were probably erected during the lifetime of Robert de Cricklade or Canutus, the second prior (n5o-8o), the lower part of thf! tower and south transept being pe·rhaps of an earlier date ; the chapter house and the upper part of the tower, with the spire and St. Frideswide's chapel, are of the 13th and early 14th centuries, the Lady chapel and cloisters of the 14th century; the clerestories, vaulting of the choir, and nave roof were Wolsey's work. The church consists of !11 choir of five bays with aisles, and on the north the Lady chapel and St. Frideswide's or the Latin chapel, each of four bays; on the south side, entered from the south aisle, St. Lucy's chapel, formerly a vestry; south transept, communicating with the cloisters; north transept, with a western aisle of three bays; central tower and spire, nave of four (originally eight) bays, with aisles, a spacious vaulted western entrance, opening into the great quadrangle, chapter house and cloisters : the original west front, with four bays o.f the nave and the west alley of the cloisters were destroyed by Wolsey, but one bay, with a portion of the north cloister, and the present western entrance were recovered during th~ recent restorations : the former south entrance, through the cloister, is still maintained, but access is now usually obtained by the west door,. which admits into an ante-chapel on whose walls are memorials to John Fell, Dean of Christ Church and Bishop of Oxford from r675, d. 10 July, r686; Charles Lloyd, Bishop of Oxford, 1827-9; Thomas Gaisford D.D. dean 1831-55; Dr . .Alex. Nicoll, regius professor Df Hebrew, and Dr. Edw. Burton, regius professor of Divinity, d. 19 Jan. 1836: the organ screen, now inclosing the greater part of the existing nave, is Jacobean and deserves notice for its curious mixture of Gothic and Italian detail: during the long vacation of r888 the frame-work of the organ loft; was completed, and the north and south ends encased with oak panelling, and the ceiling covered with oak in a similar style and enriched with carved bosses, in accorda.nce with designs by Mr. H. W. Moore F.R.I.B.A. The organ, built by Father Scbmidt in 1680 and improved by Gray and Davison in 1848, was moved hither in 1876 from its former position in the south transept. The massive pillars of the nave are alternately circular and octagonal with large capitals having square abaci, from which spring circular arches with well-defined mouldings, forming in fact the arches of the triforium, here represented by a blind arcade of two arches, set in the tympanum of the main arch; the true arches of the nave spring from half-capitals or corbels affixed to the pillars, and are of plain design ; the clerestory is Transitional, and the whole arrangement, rare on the Continent, is very unusual in ¥:ngland ; the fine and lofty arches of the central tower are circular towards the nave and choir, but pointed towards the transepts, all being, l:owever, of the same Transitional character, and the t·Jwer is now, as originally, open to the lantern: during the repairs of r856, a reliquary chamber 7 feet long, 7 high and 5~ feet wide, was discovered immediately under the eastern tower arch, constructed of rude stone work, with two aumbries: the transepts are Late Norman, corresponding in date, and both had at first eastern and western aisles; the large five-light window at the end of the north aisle was presented in 1876 by the Marquess of Lothian, as a memorial to his brother, and represents in gorgeous colouring "the Expulsion of the! Fallen .Angels by St. Michael;" below it is the tomb of James Louch or Souch (oh. 1503), a monk of the priory, who left money for the vaulting of the church; the west window, by Abraham Van Linge, circa 1631, depicts the story of " J onah under the gourd at Nineveh ; " and there are also memorial windows here to the Rev. Oyril William Page M . .A.. d. II .A.pril, 1873, and the Rev. Stephen James Fremantle M . .A.. d. 16 Sept. 1874; and a monument to John Thomas James D.D. Bishop of Calcutta, 1827-8: in thej south aisle ar~ memorial windows to Edward

144 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. (KELLY'S Denison esq. M.P. for Newark, who died at Melbourne, Australia, 28 Jan. 1870; Ge3rge Rankine Luke, accidentally drowne:l, 1862; John 'V alter, accidentally drowned at Bearwood Park, Berks, on Christmas Eve, 1870; and Ge·Jrge Manuel Dasent, drowned while bathing at Sandford lasher, 30 .April, 1872; adjoining is a tablet to Dr. Pocock, the orientalist and regius professor of Arabic, d. 10 Sept. 1691, and near this a. monument to Sir William Brouncker kt. first Viscount Brouncker, of Castle Lyons, Ireland, a staunch Royalist, who died at Wadham College during the rebellion in November, 1645, and his wife Winifred (Leigh), d. 20 July, 1649, with their effigies in relief: the second bay of the transept aisle opens into St. Lucy's chapel, formerly the vestry, which has an exquisite Decorated east wiiidow, of fla.m boyant character; in the coign of the buttress, at the angle of this chapel, was discovered, many years since, a singular piece of sculpture of the 13th century, representing the Fall of Man, the Offering up of Isaac, and other unidentified subjects: it is now placed in the cathedral museum; in this chapel is als3 the " St. Thomas a Becket" window, containing glass taken from the north aisle, and representing on a diapered ground the murder of the archbishop; at the east corner of Sl. Lucy's chapel is the altar tomb, with inscribed brass, under a recessed canopy, of Robert King, last abbot of Oseney and first bishop of Oxford, ob. 1557; this waJJ originally placed in the f'hoir, but wa!'! moved hither by Henry King, afterwards bishop of Chichester (1641-69), and hi, brother John, both canons of Christ Church and descendants of William, brother of Robert King; the window above the tomo, filled by them with stained glass, represents the bishop fully vested, with Oseney abbey in the background, while above are the arms of King, impaled with those of the abbey of Oseney and the see of Oxford: this window was remove.l for safety before the capitulation of Oxford in 1646, and replaced at the Restoration: in the south aisle are preserved some fragment.s of the old Priory. The choir proper consists of five bays, and: has circular pillars, capitals less elaborate, and abaci heavier than elsewhere in the church, the arrangement of the triforium and side aisles being thu same as in the nave; the Perrendicnlar vaulting, a magnificent example, was the work d '\Volsey, who transformed the whole ehoir abt've the triforinm, the wall passags of the clerestory remaining, although hidden bl)neath rich panelling; the lantern-lik~ p•ndants in which the elaborate fan tracery terminates are said to have been brought from Oseney AblJey: the roof itself is finishei westward by a series of figures under highly wrought canopies, set immediately within the choir arch: the Decorated east window, erected in 1854, to commemorate the third centenary of the foundation of the college, and filled with glass by Henri and Alfred Gerente, WU•SI removed during the recent restora.tions, and the whJle east end rebuilt, as far as could be asc-ertained, in accordance with its original plan ; it now exhibits two deeply recessed Norman windows, surmounted by a wheel window, all stained, and more recently a richly designed reredos has been s-et up : the pavement is of marble, adorned with incised representaticns of the seven cardinal virtues, copied from examples in the church of the knights of St. John, at Malta: dividing the choir from the aisles are exquisite screens of wrought iron, reproduced in part from the tomb of Queen Eleanor in Westminster Abbey and from other ancient work at Merton College: behind the stalls these are heightened, and at the dean's and canons' seats rise into canopies : all the stalls and seats in the choir and nave are now of Italian walnut, finely wrought: the eagle lectern, presented by the Rev. Thos. Vere Bayne M.A. censor of Christ Church, 1863-77, and now keeper of the An·hives, and the Rev. Henry Lewis Thompson M.A. late student and censor, and now warden of Radley College, near .A.bingdon, is of pale brass, parcel silvered, with a base of delicate filagree-work and lions supporting shields, bearing the arms of Christ Church and the University : the stem, enriched with amethysts and other precious stones, has arrmnd it figures of St. Frideswide, Cardinal Wolsey, and Bishop King: the 17f;h century Bible, bound in velvet and studded with amethysts, was the gift of three of the daughters of the present dean ; the pulpit, placed by the fourth pillar on. the south side, is of oak, and is covered with grotesque carvings; it is probably of the same date as the screen, but is far more interesting and remarkable: the communion table is of cedar, with be~utifully carved caps and bosses: the Bible placed upon it wa.s given to the church by Canon Robert King, and was used when Charles I. attended the cathedral during the Civil War: portions of the cathedral plate, richly chased, belonged to Oseney Abbey: the bishop's throne, on the south side, was erected as a memorial tQ thoa late Dishop 'Yilberforce, and is of the finest walnut wood; at the back is a medallion portrait of the bishop in high relief, and a lofty canopy, with figures of the Evangeli!Jts and Tarious saints, rises above the stall; in the south choir aisle, a Transitional work, and part of the original Norman church, the east window has been filled with stained glass in memory of George Grenville Fortescue, of Boconnoc, who died at Algiers 2 Nov. 1856: the north choir aisle is of the same date and character as the aisle opposite, the vaulting being pure Norman; adjoining it on the north is the Lady chapel, an Early English addition made towards the middle of the 13th century; affixed tl> pillars at its western end are monuments with effigies to Thomas Godwin, dean (1565-7), d. 19 Nov. 1590, and to Robert Burton B.D. author of the" Anatomy of Melancholy" and a student of the college, d. 25 Jan. 1639-40, placed by his brother, William Burton B.C.L. the his-- torian of Leicestershire: arranged under the arches on the north side are several tombs of much interest; thefirst, westward, undoubtedly consists of two distinct m~ morials ; the lower portion is an altar tomb panelled_ round the sides with quatrefoils inclosing shields of arm~, and supports the recumbent figure of an armed knight ; the second monument, also an altar tomb, placed under a. triple canopy of Early Decorated work, bears the effigy of a prior, fully vested ; further eastward is the altal"' tomb, with effigy, of Elizabeth de 1\fontfort, wife of Sir William de Montacute kt. second Baron Montacute, shedied in March, 1354; the sides of the tomb are panelled and adorned with figures of two abbesses of Barking, her daughters, Simon de Montacute, her son, Bishop of Ely 1337-45, and others, and also with the shields of Mont.. fort, Montacute and Furnivall : the east window of this chapel is a memorial to Frederick Grantham Vyner, of Christ Church, murdered by Greek brigands at Delissi, Greece, 21 .April, 1870, and near this is St. Cecilia's window, presented in 1875 by the lat; Dr. C. W. Corfe; formerly organist of the cathedral and coryphams of theuniversity : the wall below this window was examined in 1889 by Mr. J. Park Harrisou M . .A.., F.S.A. and foundl to contain two Early recessed arches, which have been o~ened and restored; further researches showed that there had once been a larger arch between these, now covered by an exterior buttress and a pier on the inside; and a subse•1uent excavation of the ground outside revealed part of the foundations of three apses. The Northern or Latin chapel (so called from the Latin service read in it at the beginning of Term), and known also as St. Frideswide's chapel, is Decorated, and is generally said to have been built by Lady Montacute as her own chantry :the east window, inserted as a memoria[ to Canon Bull, who died in Feb. 1858, is of new but strangely incongruous Venetian tracery,filled with stained' glass, exhibiting, in a series of designs, the life and death of St. Frideswide: the stalls and desks, chiefly of Wolsey's time, and unusually fine, were formerly in the choir: at the south-east angle stands the watching gallery of the shrine of St. Frideswide, whioh here, as at St . .A.lbans and elsewhere, was placed near the shrine for the use of themonks who guarded it: this structure is of Late Perpendicular date, and consists of three stages, the lowermostcomprising an altar tomb of st-one with a stone canopy, from one side of which a narrow flight of stairs gives: access to the second stage, or watching chamber proper; which is of oak, arcaded all round, and has crocketted canopied arches and a cornice: the third stage is similar-,. but its arches and canopies are more enriched; in r88g· go portions of the arches and base of the shrine itself~ which had been preserved in the Cathedral Museum,. together with other portions, then recently discovered,.. were carefully examined by Mr. J. Park Harrison M.A., F.S . .A.. of Christ Church, under whose superintendence an: attempt has been made to reconstruct the shrine, thevarious fragments being incorporated with new stonework; as now set up, the structure represents a small open shrine of three arches on a base surrounded with aband of quatrefoiled panelling; the spandrils of the archesare exquisitely carved with foliage, and the work appearsto date from about 1290-1320; the shrine as rebuilt nowstands under the easternmost aroh of the south arcadedividing the choir from the Latin chapel: on the floor· are the memorial stones, with inlaid and illuminated; brasses, of Canons Bull, Ogilvie, Shirley and others: ill' the nave is a mom1ment, with bust and emblems of death, to Henry .A.ldrich D.D. soholar, musician and architect, dean of Christ Church from 1689, who died 14 Dec. 1710: here also was buried George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne (1734-52), d. 14 Jan. 1753, over whose grave is an inscribed stone, and affixed to a pillar on the south side is a mural monument to his memory, with an epitaph by William Markham, afterwards .Archbishop of York (1776-1807); and there is a similar memorial to Thomas Tanner D.D. Bishop of St. .A.saph and author of the

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 145 "' Notitia Monastica," d. at Oxford, 14 Dec. 1735: the distinguished theologian and controversialist, Dr. E. B. Pnsey, Canon of Christ Church and regius professor of llebrew from 1828, who died at Ascot priory, r6 Sept. was also interred in the nave on Thursday, 22 Sept, -:1882: there are other monuments to William Corne S. T.P. -:12 years censor, r8r8; Peter Elmsley S.T.P. principal ot St . .A.lban Hall and Camden professor of history, d. 8 March, 1825; Charles Lloyd D. D. Bishop of Oxford, 1827- 9; John Thomas James S. T.P. Bishop of Calcutta, r827- g, with-profile head by Westmacott; Phineas Pett S.T.P. canon, principal of St. Mary Hall, 18o1-15, and 12 years -archdeacon of Oxford, d. 4 Feb. 1830; and brasses to John Fitzaleyn, 1452; Edward Courtenay, c. 1462; James Coorthopp 1\LA. canon of Christ Church and dean of Peterborough, d. 19 July, 1557; Henry Dow, royal student of Christ Church, d. 23! Oct. 1578 ; Thomas Morris M.A. ~584; Stephen Lence, or Lynch M. A. 1587, with effigy in .academicals ; John, son of George Bishop, bookseller of London, ret. r8, 1588; Thomas Thornton 1\I.A. d. 17 Aug. I6I3; and: Thomas Palmer, 1558, with 10 children. .A. .small door in the south aisle of the nave admits to the cloisters, which originally formed a quadrangle; the east -walk and portions of the north and south walks remain, .and the vaulted roofs have been partially restored in oak; :above the south walk rises the ancient refectory of the priory, with large and handsome Perpendicular windows; .on the walls of the cloister are memorial tablets to Otho Nicholson, who erected Carfax conduit; Thomas Marsden .Jodrell M . .A.. capt. 35th regt. who fell at Rosetta, 8 April, ~807; Charles Taylor l\I.A. lieut.col. 2oth Light Dragoons, killed at Vimiera, 2r Aug. r8o8, and others; the entrance to the chapter-house, on the east side of the cloisters, is Transition Korman, and apparently of the same date as the church; north of it is a low arched passage, leading to a small and secluded garden on the south side of the cathedral, where lie buried Philip Edward Pusey M.A. <Jnly son of the late Dr. Pusey, d. 15 Jan. r88o; and Edith, .third daughter of the Very Rev. Dr. Liddell, late dean of Christ Church, who died in June, 1876; the chapterhouse itself was rebuilt during the very best Early :English period, of which it affords an excellent example, .and forms a parallelogram, divided into four bays, with vaulting springing from clustered shafts supported on brackets ; the eastern portion is entirely filled by an .arcade of five arches, threa of ~hich are pierced for winA.lows, and the foliJge of its clustered capitals, as well as thflt· introduced between the arcade and tlw roof, is most graceful; the chapter-house contains a chest covered with rich flamboyant panelling, and a finely carved Elizabethan tabla and wainscot of the same period: in the south wall is fixed the foundation stone of vYolsey's Callege at Ipswich, rescued from destruction by the Rev. Richard Canning, rector of Harkstead and J?reston, Suffolk, who bequeathed it to the dean and chapter in 1789; the inscription on it (at length) runs thus:-" Anno Christi 1528, et regni Henrici Octavi, :Rt-gis .Anglire 20, mensis vero Junii 15, positum per Johannel:n Episcopum Lidensem." This bishop was John Holt, titular Bishop of Lydda, and probably a suffragan of Lincoln. Here is also a portion of the tomb of the wife uf William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury, brought from Oseney Abbey, and portraits of Henry VII. and his queen J<:lizabeth of York, Henry VIII. Queens 1\Iary and Elizabeth, Cardinal Wolsey and other dignitaries. The only ~ood exterior view of the Cathedral is to be obtained from the garden of the canon's house adjoining it on the north, but the central tower and spire are well seen from the cloister court: in the Cathedral museum is preserved a square stone with mutilated carvings of the 13th century, till lately built into the south-east buttress of St. Lucy's chapel, and believed to have originally formed the upper portion of the base of a cross, erected in 1268 in or near the cemetery of St. Frideswide, and which fell to pieces in the early part of the 17th century; three of 1:he subjects illustrate "the Fall," the " Sacrifice of Isaac," and the "Giving of the Mosaic Law." The bells, -:ro in number, were removed in 1870 in consequence of the unsafe condition of the belfry, and rehung in the campanile constructed over the hall staircase in I8J6-8, from t·he designs of Messrs. Bodley and Garner : the fame of their melody, preserved in the well-known catch by Dean Aldrich "Hark! the bonny Christ Church bells," was widely spread before their removal here, and their names were thus recorded in a rude hexameter: "Hautclere, Douce. Clement, Austin, ~Iarie, Gabriel, et John:" <Jf the existing peal, the last five are said to have been brought from Oseney Abbey; of these the 10th, which is the earliest, dates from 1589, the rest are dated 16n40, and three have inscriptions in old English letters, two, the 8th an(l 7th, being apparently those referred to in the line above as "1\Iarie " and " John;" the first five date from 1640 to 1747· The church has been several times repaired or refitted since its mutilation by Wolsey. especially in 1856 by Mr. J. Billing, but more particularly during the years 1872-6, when it was completely restored and extended westward, under the direction of the late Sir Gilbert Scott R..A.. at a cost of £24,000. The Cathedral register of baptisms dates from 1653; marriages, 1642; burials, 1639. THE PARISHES AND THE1R CHURCHES. Oxford, with its suburbs, consists of fourteen parishes, all of which have churches. All Saints' church, formerly known as ''All Hallows," is in the High street; the old church wa.s one of three churches given and confirmed by King Henry I. to the canons of St. Frideswide A.D. 1122, and was created a vicarage in ngo; Edward II. presented the church in 1327 to the Bishop of Lincoln, and it continued to be held by his successor until Bishop Flemmying (1420- 31) settled it upon Lincoln College: on Sunday, 8 March, t6gg, the spire of the ancient church fell through the centre of the edifice, destroying nearly the \lhole building; the existing church was erected in 1706-8, from designs by Dr. Henry .A.ldrich, the accomplished dean of Christ Church, and has been oft~n and justly praised by critics in architecture; it is a rectangular structure of the Corinthian order, 72 feet long, 42 wide and so high, and the entablature, which is remarkably bold and surmounte!t by an attic and balustrade, is carried completely round the building and is supported by coupled columns, a mode purely Italian; the columns are not fluted, and the frieze is perfectly plain; all its grandeur of appearance is therefore derived from the breadth and justness of its proportions : at the west end a very fine rusticated tower with balustrading supports a beautiful peristyle of Corinthian columns rising from within it, surmounted 'by a second balustrade and terminating in a short but graceful spire, 153 feet in height: the tower contains a light but musical peal of 6 bells, originally cast in 1622, but of which the tenor had long been broken; the peal was re-cast a. few years ago: the roof of this church is remarkable for the extent of its span, unsupported by a single pillar, and is profusely adorned with scroll-work, surrounding and inclosing the emblazoned arms of numerous benefactors : the stalls in the chancel are inclosed by a screen of carved oak : the pulpit, together with its sounding board, and the fittings at the east end are very fine specimens of woodwork : at the west end cf the church is a large monument in marble to Doctor Edward Tatham, rector of Lincoln College from 1792, d. 24 April, 1834, erected in 1845, at a cost of £8oo, and in an alcove formed in the thickness of the south wall is a finely executed recumbent figure in alabaster on a raised tomb, representing Alderman \Villiam Lavins or Levinz, five times Mayor of Oxford, who died in 1616, at the age of roo: in the former church were rnany monuments and brasses, including some of the J<rer~s, one of whom was eight times mayor ; 1cwt. of these brasses were taken away during the Commonwealth, and sold for £2 xs. : among existing tablets and tombstones to notable citizens are those to Sir Robert Harrison (twice mayor), Sir Daniel Webb (four times mayor), Sir Joseph Lock (mayor. 1814), and Stephen Richardson (chamberlain 1796, and bailiff 1799): the interior of the church was restored and new windows, in keeping with the style of architecture, inserted in 1866: the organ was rebuilt in 1879 and in 1888-9 the tower and a large portion of the exterior of the church were restored under the dil:.ection of Mr. H. W. Moore, architect, of Oxford: there are about 300 sittings, of which a large proportion are assigned to parishioners. The register dates from the year 1549. The living is a vicarage, though more properly called, according to the statutes of Lincoln College, a chaplaincy, yearly Yalue £230, in the gift of Lincoln College, and held since 1895 by the Rev. Alexander James Carlyle M.A. of University College, who, since April 15th, has also been rector of St. Martin's. The yearly charities of this parish include £z for the clergy and about £8 for distribution in money and kind. An Act passed in 1890 empow·~rs the City Council to unite the parish of St. Martin, Carfax, to this pari~h. to remove the church of St. Martin, and make All Saints the parish church of the united parishes. St. Martin's, commonly known as '' Carfax," from its situation at the meeting of the four main streets (" quadrivinm" or "quatre voies '') of the city, was oxo~. 10

146 CtXFOiD. OXFORDSHIRE. (KELLY's traditionally founded by King. Edward the Elder, in 920: in 1820-2 it was rebuilt, with the exception of the ancient tower, in the Perpendicular style, from designs by Mr. Plowman, architect, of Oxford; the foundation stone boing laid 23 Oct. 182o, and the building consecrated 14 June, 1822; it consists of nave and aisles and a western battlemented tower containing 6 bells, dating from 1676 to 1678; the towel' is said to have originally been much higher, but was lowered 14 Edward Ill. (1340-41), iby command of the King, in order that the townsmen might no longer annoy the scholal's with " a.rrows and stones" thrown from its summit ; upon the end of the south aisle, previous to the rebuilding, rose a small square chamber, containing a clock, with a dial on its eastern side, on either side of which, beneath a slight canopy, supported on corbel shafts, were figures with hammer.s which struck the quarters, a.nd hence known as the "quarter boys," these are now in the City free library: a sheltered recess at the east end of the church, erected in 1546, and known as "penniless bench," was taken down in 1747: on the south side of the church, in the 14th century, skod a tavern called "Swindlestock,'' and subsequently the "Mermaid," in which on the festival of St. Scholastica, 10 Feb. 1354, a serious gown and town riot originated in a quarrel between John de Croydon, the landlord, and some scholars, who were drinking wine there; in this affair, not less than 40 students and 6o townsfolk were slain, and in Gonsequence, the mayor and principal authorities, being brought before a tribunal, were condemned to attend annually at St. Mary•s church to the number of 63, while a mass was celebrated there in the presmH~e of the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors, for the souls or the slain students, and here-after to·pay 63 pence, generally in small silver coins, to.be delivered to aM counted by the Senior Proctor, standing, within the altar rails; this penal solemnity continued to be observed with various modifications until 1825, when an oath to hold intact all the ancient privileges of the University was substituted on the part of the city, and this was regularly t&ken until 1854: the font, though a good deal mutilated, is a good example of 14th-century work; it is octagonal with small buttresses at the angles, the intervening spaces being panelled and containing figures; above this is a band of quatrefoils, surmounted in turn by another bearing alternate shields and trefoiled panels: in the old church Shakespeare stood as godfather to Sir William Davenant, the son of John Davenant, vintner, of the Crown inn, Corn market, who was baptised here, 3 March, 16o6; and here also was buried Robert Wisdome, archdeacon of Ely, author of a metrical version of the Scriptures; an impress of a brass formerly here, with the effigy of a man in armour, c. 1520, is preserved at the Archreological Institute. St. Martin's being the city church, the mayor and corporation, with their officers, attend divine. service here in semi-state every Sunday morning, the lecturer for the day accompanying the mayor in the procession from the Town Hall: the chnrch has -sittings for 700 persons, of which 200 are free. The register dates from the year 1569. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £1oo, and till lately in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, but is now in that of the :Bishop of Oxford, and held since 1 895 by the Rev. .Alexander James Carlyle M.A. of University College, also vicar of All Saints, under Act mentioned below. .An Act passed in 1:890 authorises the council of the county borough, among other matters, to pull down and remove this church, with the exception of the tower, to dispose of the site, materials and furniture, to unite the benefice to that of All Saints, making the church of All Saints the parish church for the united parishes and thiSJ union was n:ffected 15 April, 1895 to appropriate the stipends and emoluments attached to the city lectureships, to appropriate and apply the St. :Martin's parish charities, and to remove mom1ments and transfer and re-inter persons buried in the church or churchyard. At a vestry meeting held 4 March, 18go, it was pr.ovisionally a.greed1 to dispose of the site of the church and the churchyard to the corporation for £2,ooo, an extra sum of £2oo being required fDr a part thereof to be given up to the " Oxford .Journal" office, and gs. per square foot for any other portion uf the site on which any buildings other than a public building for the use of the city should be erected. 'Ihe yearly charities of this :uarish include £so derived from lands for church purposes, and Haynes' charity of £Ins. for distribution. ' Th~ four city lecturers appointed by the City Council ore :-the Rev. Carteret John Halford Fletcher M.A. of WQrcester College, rector (1872-95); the Rev. George Francis L0vell B.D. of :Balliol College (1872); the Rev. Graham Harvey Squire M.A. of Brasenose College (r888); and the Rev. Vincent William Lucas M.A. oi Christ Church ( r888) ; these lectureships were first founded 26 Jan. 1586, by order of the City Council, each lecturer to receive annually 20 marks (1)3 6s. 8d. ). From 1647 to 1662, there were but two lecturers, but from the la.tter year four were again appointed, and that number has since been maintained; from 1586 to r778, the lecturers were paid by the result of a special tax~ in 1778 they were endowed by the Earl of Lichfield with £1,5oo, and with J.,soo by Mr. William Wickham, a citizen.; the whole amount was ultimately invested in Oxford Canal shares, now producing a yearly stipend of £30 for each lecturer. · St. Aldate's dmrch, or St. Old's, is an edifice of stone of great antiquity, and js named after St. Eldad, or Aldate, a British saint, who lived about A. D. 450 ~ according to Speed it was founded or restored about 1004 ~ the existing frubriD is composed ·of portions of various styles, but is on the whole a venerable structure and derives additional interest from the comparatively perfect state in which it remains, and the satisfactory accmmt that has been preserved of the greater part of it: it consists Qf chancel with aisles, nave, aisles and a low tower, with angle buttresses and a plain parapet surmounted by four pinnacles, from within which rises an octangular spire, and contains 6 bells, four of which datefrom r62o to 1654, the fifth has an early dedication to St. John, and there is a priest's bell dated 178o: the chancel encloses some of the oldest parts of the building, particularly an arcade of five small circular arches on the north side, which certainly date from not long after the Norman Conquest: the east window of five lights is stained, but is completely overgrown on the outside by the luxuriant tendrils of the vitis recuspidata, so that not even the tracery can be seen; the south aisle, called in 1517 the Trinity chapel, was built 9 Edward HI. by Sir John de Docklington, a fishmonger, and several time% mayor ; it retains a piscina and another niche, and lbelow it is a vaulted crypt ; the north aisle, originally called from its dedication St. Saviour's chapel, was built in 1455 by Philip Polton, felletw of All Souls and archdeacon of Gloucester ; the columns of the arcade date from 1581 only: there are ~everal monuments Gf interest, the chief being that of John Noble LL.B. Principal of Broadgates Hall (now Pembroke College), ob. z June, 1522; there is an altar tomb. enriched on the sides with double-headed canopies, each inclosing an angel bearing shield; on the top is. a full-sized recumbent figure of the Principal, robed, and around the margin an inscription in Latin: thechurch alset contains brasses to Lewis and Owen Griffin, brothers, 1607, with ten elegant verses; to .A.rthur Strode, of Devon, the ~Iiddle Temple and Broadgates Hall, 1612, with four verses; and to Nicholas Rooke. of Devon, and B.A. of Broadgates Hall, with effigy in academic dress and six verses: the church was restored and enlarged in 1862, through the exertions of the piesent rector, and the tower and spire were rebuilt in 1873-4; these works being carried out at a cost oi about £6,ooo, under the direction of Mr. J. T. Christopher. architect, of Lond,on: in r88d the roofs of the nave. aud south aisles were re-covered : there are Boo :;ittings, of which 300 are free. The register dates from the year 1678. The living is a rectory, average tithe rent-charge £8z, gross yearly value £307, including 12 acres of glebe, with residence, in the patronage of the tru;,tees of the late Rev. Charles Simeon, and held since 1859 by the Rev. Alfred ::\~Iillard William Christopher ::\l.A. of Jesus College, Cambridge, and Trinity College, Oxford, and Hon. Canon of Christ Church. The parish includes the hamlet of Grandpont, formerly in :Berkshire, for which see page 158. The parochial charities supply an income of £soo a year, which is expended under a scheme recently drawn up by the Charity Commissioners in maintaining the fabric of the parish church, paying certain poor and aged pensioners. providing qualified nurses for the sick poor, and certain other objects for the general benefit of the poor of St. Aldate's parish. St. Clement's is a parish at the eastern end of the city. The ancient church, which stood near ='<Iagdalen bridge, was removed in 1828. but the. inclosed graveyard still remains, and in 18go was transferred to the Citv • Council : the present church, which occupies a beautiful site on the west side of the Marston road and near the Cherwell, was built from designs by Mr. D. Robertson, at a cost <Jf £6,soo, and restored in I8]I at a cost of £1,1oo, and is an edifice of stone in a modified Norman style,- consisting of a clerestoried nave, aisles, west porch and a western tower containing 3 bells; the arcades have semi-circular arches and ma~~iv~

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 147 pillars, with varied capitals; the new site, which has l riched by handsome wall paintings representin~ Our been well la.id out, has rww a very pleasant avenue of Lord in glory with angels, at the cost of the VIcar of lime trees, and this approach to the church, with its the parish: there are 700 sittings. The l'egistcr of attractive view of the famousr tower of Magdalen College, baptisms and burials dates from the year 1653; make the situation of the church the most beautiful of marriages, 1657· The living is a vicarage, net yearly any in Oxford : the east window is stained: there ~re value £82, with residence, in the gift of Merton Colle~e, sittings for 8oo persons. The funds for the building of and held since 1871 by the Rev. Howard Francis Leigh the church were almost wholly given by the University, M.A. chaplain of Merton College. Me.rryman and <Jo:xeter's the collages, and members of the University. The late charities of £6o were applied in rebuilding the church Cardinal Newman was then curate of the parish, and wall and a gallery in the church; the old charities of was the promoter of the work and collector of the funds the parish are now administered by o-ne Charitable Trust in 1824-5. The restoration of the church was due to Fund. the liberality of the Morrell family, of Head~ton Hill To the south and east of the church extends the Hall, and the reseating. of the church was carried out secluded imd fueautiful little cemetery of Holy Cross, 1l at the expense Q{ Mrs. Stone, of Streatley, a member of acres in extent, with its chapel and lodge, the last that family. The register of baptisms and' marriages resting place of many distinguished· members of the. dates from the year 1666; burials, 166g. The University and residents of note; it serves for the living is- a rectory, average tithe rent-charge parishes of St. Cross, All Saints, St. John •the Baptist, £69, gross yearly valuet £308, with residence, St. Mary the Virgin, and St. Peter-in-the-East. and was fmmerly in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, The Holy Well, from which the parish derives itii but the advowson was sold by him to the Rev. B. P. name, was situated north of the church, and was dediSymons D. D. late warden of Wadham College, and the cated to SS. \Vinifred and: Margaret; in 1834 it was a living is now in the gift of trustees, and held since 1878 fayourite bathing place, and in 1848 Dr. Fitzjamt)s, by the Rev. Francis Pilcher M.A. of Oriel College, warden of Merton, erected a stone building over it, Oxford. St. Clement's ~Iission Room, St. Clement's and up to about 1850 it was still a clear and beautiful ~treet, built in 1891, is a brick building, with dressings basin, but the draining of the cemetery gradually of stone, the ground floor being used for church pur- lowered the water, and the well is now covered by the poses, and will seat 250 persons : the upper portion of chapel of the sisterhood and the north wall of the cemethe hall is used as a school for girls. Parochial buildings tery. Immediately adjoining the church on the north for St. Clement's parish were erected in 18go, from is the ancient manor house, rebuilt in 1506, and now plans by, Mr. H. WA l\Ioore F.R.I.B.A. The parochial converted into the Oxford female penitentiary, attached charities include a yearly sum o! about £5 bequeathed to which is a small chapel, the double entrenchments by Mr. Bridgwater, in 1854, for fuel shared betw.een thrown up for the defence of the city during the Civ11 this parish and St. Ebbe's_, . £62 1os. f{)r educatwn, War may still be distinljtly traced in Holywell Green the ~ame amount for a~pr~ntw.mg,, about £187 for church and the adjacent mea~ows. repa1rs, and £63 for distribution m money. St. Ebbe's church, m St. Ebbe's street, one of the St. Cross, or Holywell church, occupying a ~>eques- most ancient of the city churches, was rebuilt in the tered site near the eastern extremity of the street of Early Decorated style, under the direction of Mr. ·w. the same name, at the. north-eastern bound~ry l'f the Fisher, in 1814-16, at a cost of about £3,ooo, and city, is, correctly speakmg, a c?apel belo?gmg to the re-opened 9 Feb. 1817; it is an edifice of stone, ('(;nchurch of St. Peter-m-the-East; It was dedicated b the sisting of chancel nave south aisle and a tower conHoly Cross and dates from about u6o, when it was taining 6 bells, r~-cast 'from the former peal of three built at the expense of Hugo de St. Petro, of Oxford, in 1790 ; two were added in 1803 by the gifts of :\Ir. although Robert D'Oyley is the reputed founder, and Baker and l\Ir. Scarsbrook: the tower and a fine ~orman ~h~ existi_ng_ structure appea~s ~o be in part hi:; war~: doorway~ carefully reconstructed in the wall of ths somh 1t IS a bmld~ng of stone, cons1stmg of. chance~, nave .with aisle, are the only remaining portions of the old church, clerestory hghted by small quatrefoil openmgs, a~s~es, which was given by Alan de Bretagne, Earl of Cornwall south porch. and an embattled western tower contammg ( rqo-r ), to the .Abbey of Eynsham, and was dedicated 6 bells, datmg from 1620 to 1726: the upper part of to St. Ebbe or Ebba, daughter of Ethelfrid, King of the tower was erected about the year 1464, by Henry Xorthumberland, who became abbess of Coldingham and Sever, warden of :M:erton CollE-ge (1455-71): the porch died in the year 683; the font was given by the late has, QVer the door, the date 1592, and the arms of Rev. James Griffith D.D. master of University College, Merton College: tl:e c~ancel arch, the only remnant of r8o8-zr; there are 500 sittings, of which 200 are free. the first chore~, IS cneular, and supported .on cham- The register dates from the. year 166o. The living is a fered corbels, w1th star or_nament; the nave 1s of three rectory, net yearly value £3oo, with residence, formedy bays, and has octagona~ pillars on 'the north and round in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, but sold by him, pillars on tl:e south SI~e! the north and s?uth to-.,yer under the Augmentation Act, to trustees, and hcld :,inee arches formmg an add1tlonal bay: the wn;dows are 1sso by the Rev. John .A.rkeU M . .A.. of Pembroke Colchiefly Perpendicular, and nearly all are stamed .= the lege, Oxford. The parochial charities include about £so stone pulpit, affixe~ to the wall on th~ so~th . s1rle of a year for .church repairs, £6 for distribution in brea(_l, the chancel arch, 1s entered by a stair p~ercmg the and Palmer's O"ift of £3, left in 1815, for two domestic wall; at the. east end of the south aisle is a trefoiled servants, and "'also £3o to be spent for the benefit of niche with pedestal :_ in the north ~isle ar~ mu~al manu- the poor of the parish. . ments to GeDrge Seidel D.D. a native of Lissa, m Poland, St. Giles's church, placed at the northern extremity ob. 1761, and Sophia Augusta, his wife, ob. 1752; John of the street of thf} same name, on the road to WoodSeidel M.A. ob. 1747, and Conrad George, ob. 1734, his stock, and founded by .A.ylwin Godegose, is one of the sons; William Thorpe, twice. Mayor of Oxford, ob. 18oo, earliest ecclesiastical structures in Oxford, portions of and his wives, Elizabeth and 1\Iary; and to James its fabric being Transitional and dating from about Beardwell esq. "yeoman of His Majesty's wine cellar: " 1220: it consists ()f chancel, with south aisles, half-· in the church are brasses to Agnes, wife of Thomas clerestoried nave of five bays, south porch, aisles and Hopper M . .A. physician and former fellow of New College, a western embattled towel' containing 6 bells, all of and her daughter Jane, both deceased in 1625, with which bear inscriptions in Latin, without dates, the kneeling effigies; and tG Eliza, third wife of Thomas fourth having the. legend " Sonitus Egidii conscendat Franklin, with effigy in bed, and four children, with six culmina coeli;" of th& existing church, the tower, verses, 1622; in the chancel was buried John Snell, a built of rubble and small stones, united by a strong benefactor to Balliol College, and in the churchyard are cement, and tied by quoin-s of masonry in a very duraaltar tombs to William Merrym.an, ob. 1628 ; and Anne, ble :rnd substantial manner, is evidently the oldest his wife, ob. 1610; and to ~Iargaret, wife of Edward part; the nave is divided from the aisles by arcades Strickland, ob. x68o, with others of that name to 1835; of pointed arches on cylindrical columns with plain and memorials to 'Villiam Thorpe, thrice 1\Iayor of capitals; the south clerestory is a modern addition: OxfoTd, ob. 1869; and to Stephen Elvey, Mus. Doe. ob. the south aisle is Early English, and is lighted by a 186o; here also was buried Thomas Holt, of York, archi- series of lancets, and the chapel at its eastern end, protect, ob. 9 Sept. 1624, who furnished the designs for b~bly St. Mary's chantry,. dates from .126o: the. n~rth "\-Vadham College and the old .'lchools; and also Lady a1sle appears to have origmally formed_ several dist~ct Mackworth: in 1838 an aisle was added to the north chapels, each ligh~ed _by double or tnple lan~e~ wmside, 11nd in 1843 a corresponding aisle on the south, dows, beneath which ~s an arcade of five semicuc.ular when the whole was seated with open benches; th10 arches at ~qual distance~; at the east end IS a interior was cleaned and repaired in 1882 at an estimated piscina; the roof of the aisle, which dates from 1220, · ust of £8o; and in 1885 the chancel was further en- form four separate gables, rising to the ~-op of the oxo~. 10

148 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. [ K.ELLY'S nave Farapet ; the chancel corresponds in character to the tower, both belonging to the period 1200-20; the font is of an unusually elegant and rare design, and consists of a square basin, surrounded on every side with broad Perpendicular mouldings, divided by rows of tooth-ornament, and is supported on a short central shaft, with slender columns at each angle: in the north aisle is buried Richard Rawlinson LL.D., F.S.A. founder in 1795 of the Professorship of Anglo-Saxon, whose heart is preserved in the chapel of St. John's College; he died at Islington, 6 April, 1755. The church has 550 sittings. The register of baptisms dates from the year· 1576; marriages, 1599 ; burials, 1605. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £160, in the patronage of St. John's College. Dr. William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury, who attended Charles I. on the scaffold, was rector here 1609-15; and Dr. Thomas Turner, chaplain to the King while a prisoner at Carisbrooke, was rector 1623-8. The. ancient parsonage house, a gabled structure, with mullioned windows, adjoins the churchyard on the north. A parish room was erected in 1887 from the designs of Mr. H. Wilkinson Moore, architect, at an estimated cost of £6oo, and in 1889 an additional room was built for the purpose of a parish library. The charities of this parish include £8 8s. yearly for clothing and education, [,23 for the clergy and about £85 for distribution. The church of St. John the Baptist, called in ancient times "St. John within the Walls," originally belonged to Reading Abbey, the monks of which house gave it in 1265 to Waiter de Merton, the founder of Merton College, and it continues to this day parochial as well as collegiate, the incumbency being always held by one of the fellows of Merton. The church, which is in the Decorated and Perpendicular styles, consists of choir and transept and a central tower containing 8 bells ; there were originally s, cast in 1422, chiefty at the cost of Dr. Henry .Abendon, then warden; they were converted from 5 to 8 in 1656, by Michael Derby, but not being well done, were re-cast in r68o by Christopher Hodson, of London; in 1892 the bell framing and belfry floors were extensively repaired or renewed, and the bells re-hung under the direction of T. G. Jackson :r.I.A., F. S. A. architect : the building was originally intended to be cruciform, as appears from the remains of the three western arches, now blocked with masonry, but the design, for reasons unknown, was never compieted; the tower was built in the middle of the 15th century, and though not perhaps sufficiently lofty, has a stately appearance; it iSI of two stages, the upper being divided! on each side into two compartments, each containing a tall Perpendicular window, with rich tracery; the whole terminates in an open embattled parapet, crowned with eight crocketed pinnacles, those at the angles bearing vanes, and the remainder crosses; the external panelling of the tower and the pinnacles show a later style of architecture than the rest of the chapel: the corbels on the northern side of the church exhibit sculpture of better design and execution than any of the same kind in Oxford, and the whole elevation of the northern transept towards the street, with the fine Perpendicular window and canopied niches, presents & very beautiful architectural composition: on the buttress at the east end nearest the gateway are remains of a painted sundial, executed by order of Thomas Bainbridge l\LA., M.D. first Savilian professor of Astronomy and a member of this college, who died 3 Nov. 1643: the great east window of the church is, perhaps, the most perfect instance extant of rich tracery produced by the spreading of the mullions: the choir, I 10 feet in length, was begun in 1277, and has, in addition to the very fine east window, fourteen others, seven on either side, of Decorated work, and extremely beautiful both in proportion and design, retaining also in great part the original glass; the seven lights of the east window exhibit the principal events in the life of Christ, executed by ·w. Price, in 1700; the altar piece, a. picture of "The Crucifixion," was presented by .John Skipp esq. of Merton College, and Ledbury, Herefordshire, and is usually attributed to Tintoretto : the sedilia, stalls and desks, as well as the ftooring, were restored in 1854• under the direction of Mr. W. Butterfield, architect, the ceiling being at the same time reconstructed and richly decorated with figures of the major prophets, enngelists and fathers of the Church, by the Rev. .John Hungerford Pollen M.A. fellow of Merton College 1842-52; on the floor of the choir are nine brasses, the finest of which are those to John de Bloxham D.D. warden, 1375-87, and John Whytton, rector of Woodeaton, a bene-factor, 1420, both under a canopy, supported by a bracket with tall foliaged shaft; and a large full-length effigy of Henry Sever1 warden, 1455-71, in a richly embroidered cope, beneath a triple canopy; in the ante-chapel are monuments to Sir Thomas Bodley, founder of the Bodleian Library, ob. 28 Jan. 1613; to the celebrated Oxford antiquary, Anthony a Wood, who died at Oxford, 29 Nov. 1695; and to Sir Henry Savile, 26th warden, ob. 19 Feb. 1622: in 1890 the stone work on the north and south sides was extensively restored and the traceried panels of the buttresses renewed: the University sermon is preached here on SS. Philip and James's day (1 May): there are 100 sittings. 'l'he register dates from 1616. The living is a ch~plaincy, yearly value £6o, in the gift of Merton College, and held since 1891 by the Rev. John Richard King M.A. late fellcw of Merton College, who is also vicar of St. Peter's-in-the-East. The church of St. Mary the Virgin, one of the principal ornaments of the High street, was originally a Norman edifice, erected c. II39, but the whole of the existing structure, with the exception of the Decorated tower and spire, is Perpendicular : it consists of a large chancel with chapel on the north side, nave, aisles, south porch and a tower on the north side, with spire containing a very fine peal of 6 bells, dated respectively 1731, 1623, r641, 1612 (two) and 1639; the 4th bell has two lines of music pricked out round the waist; the entire length of the church is about 162 feet, and the breadth 54 feet; the height of the nave roof is 70 feet; the chancel is said to have been built by Waiter Lyhert or le Herte M.A. provost of Oriel (1435-45) and afterwards Bishop of Norwich (144672); it is lighted by lofty windows reaching to the roof, and retains some remains of the original reredos; Amy (Robsart) wife of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who met her death at Cumnor Hall, 8 Sept. 156o, was buried at the east end, and the spot having been accurately ascertained, the following inscription was placed above it in 1874 by the late Very Rev . .T. W. Burgon B.D. dean of Chichester, then vicar: "In a vault of brick, at the upper end of this choir, was buried Amy Robsart, wife of Lord Robert Dudley K.G. Sunday, 22 Sept. A.D. 1560;" a modern stone screen, above which is the organ, divides the nave and chancel ; the former is of seven bays, with a lofty clerestory, light-ed by spacious windows ; both nave and chancel have open-timbered roofs : on the north side of the nave stand the canopied ~eat of the Vice-Chancellor and the stalls occupied by the heads of House;;, Doctors and Proctors ; Masters and Bachelors of Arts occupy seats on the south side of the nave, and the whole of the north aisle and the west end have deep galleries for the use of the undergraduates : the south porch, in the High street, was built in 1637 by Morgan Owen D.D. chaplain to Archbishop Laud, at a cost of £230, and though incongruous, with its twisted columns and rich adornments, is singularly picturesque : over the entablature of the porch is a statue of the Virgin and Child, which was defaced soon after it~ erection, and the placing of it there made one of the articles of impeachment against the .Archbishop, then chancellor of the University: the porch, including this group, and other figures, was restored in 1865; the tower and spire form one of the most striking objects in every distant view of Oxford, and the immediate view from the Radcliffe square on the north, is majestic in the extreme, the massive severity of the tower contrasting finely with the richly decorated groups of pinnacles and other elaborate details clustering around the base of the spire, the height of which, from the basement to the vane, is t8g feet 6 inches : the restoration of the pinnacles, canopies and statues at the base of the spire, begun in 1892, under the direction of T. G. Jackson esq. M.A., A.R.A., F. S. A. is still ( 1895) proceeding, and was rendered necessary by the decayed state of most of this work, owing to the bad quality of the stone employed by Mr. Buckler during the renewals in 1853, and most of the 12 statues, which are 7! feet in height, and in several cases of ancient date, need replacing by entirely new figures ; the question as to the design on which the pinnacles should be rebuilt, has excited a prolonged controversy, the views most sharply opposed being those of the architect and Professor Case ; but it was eventually decided to adopt one of two designs submitted by Mr. Jackson: in 1827-B the Vice-Chancellor's and Doctors' seats were reconstructed by the late Mr. Thomas Plowman, architect, and all the monuments were removed from the pillars of the nave : the restoration of the exterior was completed in 1862, under the direction of the late Sir Gilbert Scott R.A. : St. Mary's being the University church, sermons are preached here every Sunday mor11ing and aft~r-

' DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 149 noon and on holy days, during term, by preachers appointed in accordance with a prescribed cycle, and here also in Lent term are delivered the well-known lectures founded by the Rev. John Bampton M.A. of 'Irinity College, who died in I751 : on the northern side of the chancel is the old Congregation House, which once formed tl.i.e eastern end of the ancient church; it is of two storeys, and the lower storey, which has a grained vault of the Decorated style, was restored in 187I and refitted as a chapel for unattached students: west of the tower is the chapel of Adam de Brome, Ist provost of Oriel and vicar of this church; he died 16 June, 1332, and his altar tomb, with the matrix of a brass, is in the chapel, which is also used for the purposes of the Bishop's Court and as an assembly room for Heads of Houses previous to the Sunday and other services: the font was executed in 1B28 from a design by Mr. Plowman and at the expense of the Rev. Edward Hawkins D.D. late provost of Oriel, who died r8 Nov. I882; in the south aisle are several fine stained windows, chiefly memorials, and a mural monument, by Flaxman, to Sir William J ones ; in the church are also buried John Radcliffe M.P., M.D. founder of the library bearing his name, d. I Nov. 1714; and John Nixon, founder of the Freemen's School, 1662 ; over the inner door of the tower porch is a curious brass, with rebus, to Edmund Croston, a native of Lancashire and incumbent of Biggleswade, d. 1507, with effigy in almuce, a figure of St. Catherine and 16 verses; there are other brusses to Edward Chernock, of Brasenose College, d. 1581, with 14 verseg, Malina Boys, d. 1584 (south aisle), with effigies of herself and 12 children and 10 Latin verses; and brasses with inscriptions only to William de Rawksworth S. T.P. 3rd Provost of Oriel, d. 8 April, 1349, and Nicholas Quarme, of Oriel College, d. 1598. The register dates from the year I599- The- living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £40, in the gift of Oriel College, and held since 1894 by the Rev. William Cosmo Gordon Lang M.A. late fellow and dean of Divinity of Magdaler. College. The yearly charities of this parish include £3 6s. 8d. for apprenticing, about £32 for ehurch repairs, and about £41 for distribution. The church of St. Mary Magdalen, situated in the street of that name, between the Corn market and St. Giles' street, is an edifice of stone, chiefly in the Decorated style, consisting of nave, north and south aisles, south chapel, south porch and a battlemented western tower, with angle turret rising above it and containing 6 bells, dated respectively 1717• r6r8, 1626 (two) and 1681, with a priest's bell; and as late as 1562 these bells were always rung on St. Hugh's day, 17 Nov. the date of the accession of Queen Elizabeth: the original church was Norman, of which some remaining portions were removed in 1842, but the only work of this date now existing is at the base of the tower: the south or lady chapel is Decorated, and was added to the original church in the reign of Edward II. as a chapel for the Carmelite Friars, who, by a grant of that king, occupied Beaumont Palace until 154I: the north aisle, repaired by Devorgilla, wife of John Balliol, about 1280 and dedicated to St. Catherine, was rebuilt in 1842 by the late Sir G. G. Scott R.A. and his then partner, Mr. Moffat, simultaneously with the erection of the adjoining Martyrs' Memorial, and is now called the " Martyrs' Aisle ; " in this aisle is preserved the door of the cell in the Bocardo prison, where Cranmer, Ridley and Latimer w,ere incarcerated prior to their martyrdom: there are several stained windows, two of which were inserted in I 834: the stained east window, placed in 1894, represents s.cenes in the life of St. Mary Magdalen: the west window was filled about 1886 with stained glass from a design by the late dean of Christ Church; another window in the south aisle has seven medallions of Dutch glass: the reredos, of carv.ed wood, contains a number of finely executed statuettes of saints connected with the history of this church, executed by Mr. J. Rogers, of Oxford, and was erected in 189~: the font, octagonal in shape, on a canopied pedestal, is a very elegant example of Decorated work: there are memorials to Robert Holmes D. D. of New College, dean of Winchester, d. 12 Nov. I8o5, and his widow, who died in I 846, aged I03 ; Richard Bay lie D.D. President of St. John's College, d. at Salisbury, 27 July, r667, but int-erred in the College, and Elizabeth, his wife, d. 1668: there are also brasses to William Smith M.A. fellow of Merton and physician, d. 1580, in academic dress; and Jane (Bassett), wife of Robert Fitzherbert, of Tissington, Derbyshire, I574: and on the north wall an inscription to Philippa Caxston, widow I5I4; impressions of brasses to Robert Ebdy, priest,' 1494, and Alice, wife of Richard Hamden, 1524, once in the church, are preserved in the Craven-Ord collection, British Museum : in the north aisle is a modern brass, with effigy, to Baker :Morrell, solicitor, 1854: a plate chest of curiously carved oak stands under the tower: the church was restored in 1826, when the galleries were erected, and again in IB4o·2, when a fine screen of marble was set up, the martyrs' aisle add11d and two stained windows inserted; in I875 a further restoration took place and considerable alterations were made, the western galleries being nmoved and the lower arch thrown open; the refitting of the Carmelite chapel for daily service and other improvements were carried out in 1887; in 1890 the embattled parapet of the tower was restored, and in 1892 the roof of the chapel, and its beautiful open traceried parapet were renewed, all these works being effected under the direction of Mr. H. W. Moore, architect: there are now soo sittings. The re.gister dates from the year 1602. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value [320, net £8o, with 17 acres of glebe yielding £54, in the patronage of Christ Church, and held since 1 884 by the Rev. Horace Evelyn Clayton M.A. of Brasenose College, chaplain and Divinity lecturer of :O.Iagdalen College. The parochial charities include about £3 for education; £87 for apprenticing; £70 for church repairs and £42 for distribution. The church of St. George the Martyr, erected in 1849 at a cost of £s,soo, as a chapel of ease to St. l\Iary Magdalen, and situated in George street, is a building of stone in the Decorated style, from designs by :.\Ir. Harrison, and consists of nave, north and south aisles, south porch and an open turret at the west end containing r bell: several of the windows, which are of very good design, are stained ; the duties are performed by the vicar and curates of the parish church: there are 400 sittings. St. l\fichael's church, in Ship street, at the north end of the Corn market, is a building of mixed styles, consisting of chancel, nave, south ais1e, north chapel, south porch and a western tower ""ith plain parapet containing 6 bells, the first two dated respectively 1708 and 1755 and the remainder r668; there is also a priest's bell: this church underwent a thorough restoration in the years I853 and 1854, under the direction of the late G. E. Street esq. R.A.: the north or lady chapel is Perpendicular, and seems to have been repaired in the reign of RichaJ>d II. whose bust, with that of his queen, Isabella, teT'lllinates the. exterior label of the east window; this chapel has a good reredos, consisting of three elegant orocketed niches, removed from the chancel in I854: the chancel retains piscina and sedilia, and there are va.rious other niches in different parts of the church : the chancel is divided from the nave by a good original screen; the south or Welsh aisle is Decorated, and the porch, which is grained, and has a quatrefoiled parapet and a canopied niche on the west side of the outer doorway, Perpendicu:ar: the most ancient portion of the structure is the tower, supposed by some to be Saxon work; it is built of rubble, with quoins of finished masonry, and in the belfry storey iha.s four two-light circular headed openings divided by balusters. Among the mural and other monuments in. the church is one inscribed to Alice (Wright), wife of Char1es Harris, 1693, and another with incised portrait to Walter Dotyn, fellow of Exeter College, d. 20 Feb. r6o3-4; and there axe brasses, with effigies, to Ralph Flexney, I578, and Catherine his wife, 1567, with 9 children; and to John. eldest son of Samuel Penda.rves esq. of Cornwall, commoner of Exeter College, d. 1617, ret. 17, and an inscription to Anna (Goodwin), wife of John Prideanx, rector of Exeter College, and regius professor of Divinity, d. 1627, with 2 children. In the churchyard is a mural tablet to the Rev. William West Green D.D. formerly city lecturer, d. I82o; and memorial stones to Joseph Harpur D.C.L. of Trinity College, d. I82I, Rev. John Gllcott B.D. fellow of Lincoln College, d. 1864, William Edwards, undergraduate of Jesus College, d. 1819, and Henry Howard esq. R.A. 1847; the churchyard was lowered, and the high wall surrounding it on the south and we,st taken down in Jan. 1878, and it has since been re-inclosed by a dwarf stone fence, with an ornamental iron railing ; the removed gateway is now in the grounds of the Ab bey House, Abingdon; a few years previous tG this date the church was restored, when the battlements Gf the tower, added in rsoo, were remGved, and the nave roof was renewed and covered in with somewhat gaudily coloured tiles : there are 400 sittings. The register of baptisms dates from the year 1559; marriages, 1569; burials, 1582. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £2o2, net £140, in the gift of the rector and fel-

• • lSO O:XFOlU>. OXFORDSHIRE. lows of Lincoln College, and held since r885 by the Rev. Thomas Henry Stokoe D.D. of that college and fellow of King's. 'College, London. The yearly cha.rities of this parish included [12 for education, £6 for an exhibition, £7I for chun~h repairs, £44 for distribut.icm in fuel, br!lad and clothing, and about £49 for the general uses of the poor; they aJ.>e now consolidated and administered by trustees under an ordinance of bhe Charity Commissioners, of date 1885. The church of St. Peter-le-Bailey, in New Inn Hall street, and erected in 1874, is a building of stone in the Gothic style of •the 14th century, consisting of chancel, na>e, aisles, south porch and an elegant battlemented tower with turret, at the east end of the south aisle: the orginal site of this church was at the south end of the same street, where a church is known to ha>e existed in lhe 12th century;_ the. to.wer of the ancient fabric fell in 1726, destroying the whole church, which was eventuaJly re• built in 1740, in a heavy Italian style, and consisted simply of a rectangular structure, with a tDwer at the north-west angle containing I bell, cast in 1792, four others having been sold to furnish fund·s towards its - completion; thiSI church was repaired in 1845, but on acoount of the increasing traffic t.o the railwa.y stations, the edifice, which projected very inconveniently and .somewhat dangerously into the road at. the western end of Queen street, was remcwed in 1874, the Loc·al Board giving the rector the sum of £r,4oo as compensation, .and £250 being rai~·ed for the purcha-se of a. dwelling hou~e attached to the church : the new church was bnilt at a cost of £8,o8o, fr(}m designs by Ba.si.l Ohampneys e~. ()f London, the founda.t.ion stone being laid r5 Aug . r872, and the building consecrated 27 April, r874; the t()tal length is t 12 feet, width 54 feet; the t.ower, decorated on its eastern side with a statue of St. Pefer, within an elegant niche, is 82 feet in height ; the mural monuments from the old building hate been rep1a.ced in the tower of the new church, and include one, with eight verses, to Ma.rgaret, wife of T. Rawlins esq. 1645, "hurt by- her husoband's sword, but not his will;" and another, renova.ted by the citizens in 1667, to .Sir William Loughborough, alias Northern, mayor of Oxford at the coronation of Richard II. ob. 1383, and Margaret his wife ; t'here are bra.sses to J(}hn Sprunt, mayor, with mutilated effigy, 1419: a lady, c. r64o; a civilian (perhaps Goorge Box) and wife, c. 1640. with kneeling effigies; and an in- ~Scription to William Parker LL.B. I5Io: the graveyrnd of the old church, which extended north of it, ha.s been relaid, planted with shrubs and inclosed with a. wall and iron railing: there are 750 sittings; af these. about 300 are appropriated. · The register dates fmm the ye.ar 1585. The living is a. rectory, net yearly value £287, with 8 acres of glebe and residence, in the gift of trustees, and held since r88g by the Bev. the lion. William Talbot Rice M.A. of Christ Church. The parochial charities include about £63 a year ior apprenticing; £4 for church repairs; £79 applied in payments of annuities of £ro each to aged men and wom.en. St. Peter's-in-the-East, one of the oldest churches in the kingdom. is srituated in Queen's lane, north of St. Edmund Hall and opposite to the -east front of Queen's College : it consist.s of chancel, with north or lady chapel, na>e, north aisle, south porch and a western tower containing 6 bells, five of which were ea.st in 1700, and the 2nd in 1753: there is· also a priest's bell, dated 1777: of the original NOTman church many very rich and interesting portions remain : the chancel, assumed to be earlier than the Norman portion of the church of St. Cross Hospital, at Winchester, is flanked by circular turrets, with conical spirelets, and retaii1S a, wea.t part of its elabora.tcly grained roof, with the sha.fts suppo-rting it, as well as two windows. enriched with :r;igzag mou~dings : the lady chapel, standing at right angles to it, was built about 1240, by St. Edmund of Abingdon, and anciently served as the chapel of St. Edmund HaJl: in the north wind(}w, inserted by Vincent. Wyking, vicar, in 1433, are some fragments of o.ld stained glass; the ea.stern lanc!:'ts. were filled with ~ta~ned glass in r83g: the nave is divided . from its aisle by an arrcade of three a.rches, Qn round, foliaged CDiumns, and is lighted _by Iargl} Pel"pendicular wind(}WS, inseTted in I50I, one being a memorial window to the Rev. WiUia.m Adams M.A . .fellow of Merto.n College, author of " The Shadow of the Cross," who. was for a short time vicar here. and. died at Bonohurc.h, Isle> of Wight, 17 Jan. 1848, where also hi} is buried; on the south side, t4e }}a'l'apet o-f the nave. ~nd chancel is continuous and enriched with quatrefoil!, and there Is a spacious groin~d south porch, mth panise and quatrefoiled parapet; the inner doorway is an elaborate Korm1m work and has the remains of a. stoup on the east side; • a fragment of the ancient polygonal ·font is built tinto tlie • west window of t.he porch ; at the west end is an organ gallery; the tower, placed at the west. end of the north aisle, is rema.rkable fo.r the singularity of its conshnct.ion, the walls sloping gradually inwards from the base to the summit, which te·rminates in a quatrefoiled parapet: beneath the chancel and approached fTom the outside' by a flight· o.f s·teps, through a massive buttress on the south side·, is a very early Norman crypt, scarcely in• Ierior in interest, to that of Canterbury Cathedral: in dimension it is 36 feet by nearly 2r feet and 10 feet in height, and is divided into a centre and aisles by eight pillaTS with carved capitals, supporting a. vaulted roof. Many per:;ons of local distinction and of eminence in the lit-erary world are buried within this chmch, the former including Sir Richard AtkinsoQn, knight, I$74• five time.s mayor of Oxford, to whom there is. a fine altar tomb of Petworth marble in the lady chape.l,with brasses of himself, two wives and eleven childre111. and David Durell D.D. vice-chancell& 1765-8, d. 16 Oct. I775: in tliechurchyard, south-oo.st of the church, is a table tomb to Thomas Hearne, the antiquary, who died IO June, 1735; theTe a.re memorials to John Jame,s Dillenius, She:ro.rdian .}}rofes1mr of Botapy, d. 2 April, I747; Dr. Gera.rd Langbaine, Provost of Queen's, d. 10 Feb. 1657-B; Dr. Arthur Charlett, ma.ster of University, d. 4 or r8 Nov. 1722; Philip Randall M. A. principal of Hart Hall, d. u Maroh, 1598-9; and Dr. J osiah Pullen, 57 year;; principal .of MagdaJen Hall, d. 31 Oct. 1714; and brn.sses to )Villiam Robertson, "pincerna" (butler), of Que~n'B CQllege, 1487, and Jane, his wife; Simon Parrett or Perrott., gent. M.A. fellow of Magdalen O:lllege and twice proctor, d. 24 Sept. r584, and his- wife, Elizabeth, 1572, with nineteen children; Richard Ratdiffe M. D. principaJ. of St. Alban's Hall 1581-99. d. 18 Jan. 1599, and wife; John Chyttock, citizen and draper of Londcm; this last is a palimpsest brass, the reverse being incised to Richard Ha.wnsard esq. of Lincoln's Inn, witb verse inscription in Laiin: in 1882 the ehancel was entirely refitted with ·stalls for clergy and choir, and a dwarf screen and carved p11lpit of Caen stone introduced, all from vhe designs ()f -Mr. T. G. Jackson ~LA., A.R.A., F.S.A.: in r887 six stain~d windows and a new orga.n were placed in the church : there are 400 sittings, of which 390 are free. 'Dhe register of ba.ptisms and burials da.tes from the year 1563; ma:rriages, 1670. The living is a vicara.ge, tithe rent~charge £ r, net yearly value £II5, witJh re-s-idence, in the gift of l\Ierton College, and held since 1867 by the Rev. JO'hn Richard King M.A.. formerly fellow of tlha't college, and now fellow and tutor of Oriel College, chaplain of St .. John the Baptist's, and surrogate. The. yearly charities of t.his parish indud~ about £3 f{)r apprenticing, £1 for olergy and about £37 for distributi(}n, The church of St. Thoma.s the Martyr stands a little southward of the Witney rood, at the weswTn extremity of the city and close to the railway stations, and consists of chancel, nave, north aisle-, south parch and a ·battle. mented western tower with buttresses at the angles and an Bmbattled turret on the north side, rising above ·the pa.ra.pet, and contains 6 bell&, dated respectively 1733. 1717, r7o6 (two) and r8o6 (t.wo): the church was founded in n41 by the canons of Oseney, partly for the use of the parishioners of the ancient church of St. Georg-e, within the precincts of the oastle, th-en besieged by King Ste.phen. ~ the chancel is Early English, the priest's dool' having its original ironwork still intact; the na.ve is in part Perpendicular, with an aisle on the north side in the Decorated style, added in 1B47; the pOTC'h ha.s the date 162r, with the arms of Robert Burton , B.D. of Ohris.t Ohm-eh, then vicar, but chiefly known tmder the pseudonym of "Democritus Junior," a-s the compiler of a volume of Latin qnotati<ms, called "The AnatoQmy of Melancholy;" he died 25 .Tan. 1639-40: the tower is Perpendicu:a.r : there a.re eleven stained windows and in the chancel a monument to the five maiden daughters of Anthony Kendal: on the exterior east end is a mura.I tablet to J oa.n, daughter of William a.nd Joan 1Vesbbury, r683, and two other daughters, 1686-7; outside the north waill of the ohancel is an alta.r tmnb, with arms, tD Timothy Bourne, of Rewley, in this n parish, 1732, a.nd 1\fa,rt!ha, his wife, daughter of Mr. John Wilcox, of Oxford, J.P. and twice mayor~ the church is; about loo feet in length and has 500 ~ittings ~ until 'rit47• when the level of th~ floor wa.s Taised, the interior was frequently flooded, wedding parties and funerals being ${)metimes conveyed to. the church in punts, and the chumhyard, ·in very wet; seasons, is still liable to he subm-erged. The ;register .()f baptisms dates from the ye3-r , :J655 ; marriages and burials, t667. The living is· & • ,-icara.ge, gross yearly va2ue £3oo, net £268, in t.he

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. • OXFORD • 151 gift of the. Dean and Canons of Christ Church, and held :Since 1892 by the Rev. Wentwort-h Watson M.A. of Christ Church. The abbeys of o~eney and Rewley were both :Situated in the parish of St. Thomas. The parochial charities include Kenda11 and Harris's charities of about £58 for education, of which £20 is a'ssigned to the parish of St. Paul; £6 for sermons; £2o for church purpo.ses; £48 for pensioners;_ and about £84 for distribution in ·bread and fuel, one-third of which is gi>en to St. Paul's pari;oh. The following are ecclesiastical parishes only. Holy Trinity parish "Was formed 14 Sept. 1844, out of the civil parish of St. Ebbe: the church, built in r845, is a. st·ructure of Hoo.dingt.on stone faced with Bath stone, in the Early English style, from designs by Mr. H. J. Underwood, architect, and was erected at a cost of about .£3,400, raised by snbsoriptions; it, was consecrated 14 Oct. 18-45, and consists of na,ve, aisles a..nd a bell turret: in 1893-4 the whole. interior was refloored and reS€'ated and a centre aisle created: the. east end of the r.a:ve, which serves aJs a chancel, was raised two steps, new choir staHs provided, the windows reglazed and various fittings removed: t:here are 597 sittings, 384 being free. The register oi marriages and baptisms da.tes from 1845; burials from. 1849. The living is a vicaTage, net yea;rly valu~ £223, in tihe gift. of trustees, and held since 1885 by the Rev. Godfray Cha,rles Bowring M.A. of Hertford College, Oxford, who resides at Littlegate house, St. Ebbe's. The population in 1881 was 2,957. St. Barna.bas; is. an ecclesiastical parish, fOTmed 14 Dec. 186g, from the parishes of St. Giles and St. Thomas: the church, situated in Cardigan street, J'ericho, is an edifice of C{)ncrete, relieved with red brick, from designs by Sir A. W. Blomfield kt. M.A., A.R.A., F.S.A. built after the model of the Italian basilicas, and consists of apsidal chancel, clerestoried nave, ais!es, western baptistery, vestry, organ chamber and a. lofty campanile on the south side, added in 1872, and containing one large bell, a clock '\Yith chimes and a set of ro tubular bells in the key of A, placed in 18go at a cos-t of £7oo: the site was given by 1\IessTs. G. and W. \Yard, the total :eost, including the campanile and interior decorations, being about £6,soo, the ·whole of which wa.s defrayed by the munificence of Thomas Combe esq. M.A. one of the delegates of the University Press, who died 29 Oct. 1872; the foundation stone was laid 26 April, 1868, and the church consecrated by the late Bishop WilberforcB, 19 Oct. 1869: the quasi-chancel is formed by a raised p~atform of stone at the eastern end of the nave, fenced with stone, and metal screen-work, with western gates; the apse-, with its semi-dome, is effeotually decorated in gold and colours, and above the communion table rises a. baldachino of ela;borate workmanship; pendent from the roof, in front of the chancel, is a metal cross of rich open WOI k, gilded, and set with five brilliants : in the capitaJs of some of t•he pillar-s are introduced pmtraits of the founder, Bishop Wilberforce, the Rev. Montagne H. ]\\()el, vicar, the late Rev. Alfred Hackman 1LA. (d. x874), and the architect: a sum of £1,5oo ihas also been expended, sinee the erection of the churDh, on a large organ, and £1,700 on t.he vestry, organ chamber and side chapel, besides a considerable sum on various, decorations, and a side altar erected aSt a memorial to the 'founder: in 1888-9 a morning chapel was built on the ~outh side, a, north a.isle erected and the chancel roof re-cO'Vered with lead, fr011n plans by Sir A. W. Blomfield, and in 1893 the t{)wer was new-roofed, and the apse and eastern walls redec{)rated by the same arc:hitect : the church will s<Cat over r,ooo persons. The register dates from t'he yeaa- 1870. The living is a. vicarage, -endowed with £r87 a, year from the Ecdesiastica.l Commissioners, net yeaidy value £190, iu the gift of Keble Co-llege, and held since 1869 by the Rev. Montague Henry Noel M.A. of Christ OhuTch. The St. Barnabas Parish In8t.itute, erected _in 1892, occupies a site at the junctio.n of Oam.aJ street and Cardigan street, and contdsts of a. Ja,rge block of buildings, 62 by 32 feet and three stoQTeys in height, eonstruct.ed {)f red brick and tiled; on the ground floor are two large rooms and offices ; the fust floor comprises two smaller rooms and caretaker's a.partments, and on the upper floor is a library, reading rooms &c. The population in 188r was 2,8g1. St. Frideswide's is an ecclesiastical parish, formed 17 Jan. 1873, from the parish of St. Thomas the Martyr: the church, situated at Oseney Town, on the south side of the B()tley road. is a st{)ne edifice in the Early English style, erected at a cost of £4,000, from designs by Mr. S. S. Teulon, architect, of London, and consists of apsidal chancel, nave, shallow north transept, north porch nnd an incomplete "Central tower: the chancel is lighted by fiv-e windows, forming a..n interior arcade, the central window being stained: the 'nave .has an. open-timbf'"l'ed roof and windows in couplets, the west end being lighted by two windows with a circular light aibove: the tower, at pres-ent covered in with a polygonal roof, iS< intended eventually to reach a height of '54 feet, with a spire 40 feet high: the foundation stone was laid 13 December, 1870, and the church opened in 1872: it will seat 370 persons. Th-e register dab~s from the year 1872. The living 1s a vicarage, average tithe rent-charge £34• gross yearly value £375, with vicarage home adjoining, built in 1876, and is in the gift of Christ Church, Oxford, and held since 1872 Ly the Rev. George Lynch Kemp, of Hertford College. The population in 18'8'! was 2,146. Sb. Paul's is an ecclesia~tical parish, formed 11 July, 1837, out of the parishes of St. Giles and St. Thomas: the church, which occupies a site in Walton street, given by the Radcliffe trustees, was erected in 1836, and is a ston-e edifice in the Greek Classic style, with a portico of the Ionic order and a turret containing one bell, from designs by the late Mr. H. J. Underwood, architect, of Oxford: the cost was defrayed by public subscription, the de~egates of the University Press giving £soo towards the bnilding fund and £1,ooo towards the endowment: the chancel windows are by Willement: a memorial window, erected tby the friends of Canon James Ridgway 1\LA., F.S.A. d. 19 'July, 1881, a former curate, and having fur its subject "The Sermon on the :Mount," contains. portraits among the auditory, of the Rev. Alfred Hackman ~LA. Canon Ridgway, .Canon Jenkins, the Right Rev. A. R. P. Venables D.D. bishop of Nassau and Mr. Thomas Combe ~.A. of the University Press: fi'Ve other memorial windows were erected in 1888: the reliefs on the font were the work of Dr. Pusey, who presented it to the church: the pulpit is a memorial to the Rev. Alfred Hackman l\LA. vicar 184r4-71, d. :i:8 'Sept. 1874: in 1893 an additional vestry was 'built with funds provided by the late Mrs. !Ridgwa.y, a'nd new heating apparatus introduced : the church has sittings for 650 persons. The register d·ates from the year 1837. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £ r 8o, in the gift of the Bishop of Oxford, and held since 1871 by the Rev. Wm. Bottomley Duggan M.A. of Lincoln College. This parish receives £1o a year from the charities of St. Thomas's parish for educational purposes, and also one-third share of the amount bequeathed to that parish for distribution in kind. The ecclesiastical parish of SS. Philip and James was formed from that of St. Giles, 24 March, 1863 : the church, situated in the W oodstock road, is a building of stone, in a modified form of the Early Decorated ~tyle, from designs by the late G. E. Street esq. R.A. a.nd consists of chancel with polygonal apse, clerestoried nave of four bays, narrow aisles, south porch and a central tower with broach spire,, added in 1866, and contains one bell: the chancel has a groined roof and stained wind{)WS : the nav11, of six bays, i;;; unusually wide, and separated from tne aisles by arcades of pointed arches, on short circular column11 of polished granite, with foliaged capitals : the roof is· waggon-headed, boarded in panels and highly coloured: there are 750 sittings. The register. dates from the year r863. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £160, with residence, in the gift of St. John's College, ~nd held since r872 by the Rev. Edward Conduitt Dermer M.A. fellow of St. John's College,.. Oxford, and rural dean of Oxford_ The population in 1891 was 5,020. The church of St. Margaret, in St. Margaret's road, and erected about 1883, as a chapel of ease to the parish church of SS. Philip and James; is a building of local stone dressed with Bath stone, in th<e Gothic style of the qth ce'ntury, from designs by Mr. H. G. W. Drinkwater F.R.I.B.A. and consists at present of cha'ncel and nave~ together II9 feet long, aisles and north transept, and was consecra.ted 22 Nov. 1893 ~ the chancel, which is divided from the nave by an oak screen, has, steps of polished marble, and a pavement of black and white marble: against the pillars are placed coloured prints representing scenes in the life of Our Lord : the altar piece is a very carefully executed old copy after Carlo Dolci, framed in a setting af Renaissance woodwork, the gift of the vicar : the choir stalls have been made of old panelling from a. WDrcestershire manor house belonging to the Throgmortons of Buckland, near Faringdon: the east e!ld of the south aisle forms a chapel, erected as a memorial, and containing a separate table and reredos: the transept. serves- as an organ chawber : in some of the clerestory windows are figures of local saints : the east window is _ the work of amateur artists, and there is another stained window in the north aisle: the church when completed will seat 68o p~rsons, but there are a.t present only about 400 sittings. . _ , St. Nicholas' school church, Hythe Bridge street.

OXFORD, OX~~ORDSHIRE. [K.ELLY'S erected in IB6g, at a cost of £400, by the late .Aid. W. Ward and others, to supply the place of th·e old Floating Chapel, which had for many years been the recognized place of worship for w31termen and others employed on th€ river and canal, is a plain sl-ructure of brick, with a !mall turret, containing one bell: there are I50 sittings. The Catholic church, in the W oodstock road, and dedicated to St . .Aloysius, is a lofty structure in the Transition style, C<msisting of apsidal chancel, with lateral chapels, nave and south chapel and baptistery, with vestries and confessionals, and was erected from the designs of 1\Iessrs. Hansom and .Son, of London, the cost being defrayed from a sum of £7,ooo, bequeathed under the will of the late Barone-ss 1Yeld!: the apse is surrounded by a doulble arcaded reredos of canopied niches, inclosing statues, above which is a cornice of demi-angels, surmounted by a cresting: in I88B a number of carved heads of English martyrs were added, and I4 marble pillars -erected in the sanctuary: in front of this, but separated from it, stands the altar, with a richly canopied "expositorium" of alabaster rising above it and approached from behind by stairways on either side : the nave is· of six :bays, with narrow aisles and a lofty arcaded clerestory, lighted by coupled windows rising to the roof, which is covered and ribbed in wood: and in 1892 eighteen of the stone piers were replaced by others of grey marble: in I893 the lady chapel was enriched by the erection of a new altar and reredos and two ~tained windows, containing figures of the Holy Virgin and S. Gertrude: the baptistery was also provided with gates of wr{)ught iron and brass: and a figure, representing the '' Sacred Heart," placed in the chapel of that name : the pulpit, a fine work in stone with granite panels containing statues of saints, was erected by the ~ongregation in r888, at a cost of about £r3o, as a memorial to the Rev. T. B. Parkinson M . .A. some time mission priest here: in r88g a holy water stoup of marble and alabaster, executed by C\Ir. Wall, of Cheltenham, 1ras placed :n the church in memory of Fr. Gerard Hopkins S.J. of Balliol College, and formerly priest of this mission: the west end is crossed. by a spacious gallery, over which is a fine wheel window : in the apse are four stained windows : eastward, and forming a portion of the &treet at this point, is the Presbytery, erected in 1878: the church is attached to the J esnit order, the present superior being the iRev. Charles Nicholson S.J.: there are 300 ~ittings, the greater part being free. The old Catholic chapel, with presbytery, situated at the extreme east end of St. Clement's, was built in 1785, when 'the mission was removed from Waterperry: it i~> a building of stone, in a simple Italian style, and is now used as a girls' school. rrhe W·esley ~Iemorial chapel, erected in New Inn Hall ~Stnet in 1877-8, is a spacious and ornate structure in the Dec{)rated style, and consists of a nave 1rith ais!es, and a tower, 20 feet square, 11t the north-east angle, surmounted by an octagonal spire, th-e whole rising to a height of 130 feet: the building, designed by Mr. Chaf:. Bell .A.R. LB. .A. of London, is 70 feet long, 48 feet wide and 40 feet high, and is surrounded on three sides by galleries, with open arcaded fronts, supported on columns of polished granite, with carved capitals, seating altogether nearly r,ooo persons: the -elaborately traceried east window is filled with stained glass, illustrative of the various fruits and flowers of Holy Scripture, as a memorial to the late Rev. George !:'\launder, resident minister here during the erection of the chapel : on the south side is another stained window, with figures of the cardinal virtues, erected by the late Mr. J. R. Symm, of Oxford, in memory of his only daughter, Mrs. J oseph Lawton: at the back is a vestry and a class room, both of which are large and well appointed : the total cost was about £g,ooo: the new buildi11g almost entirely covers the site formerly occupied iby the minister's and chapel keeper'.s houses, with their adjacent gardens and the broad gravelled walk which previously led to the former chapel, an edifice in the Italian style, opened in I8I7, and still remaining, the ground floor being now converted into a lecture room and class rooms, and the upper storey into a large a-ssembly room for the Sunday school: its southern and western sides are partly indosed by a burial ground, containing a considera:ble num her of tombs, mural tablets and inscribed stones. The first Wesleyan chapel built in Oxford stood on the opposite side of the street, somewhat higher up, adjoining the remains Qf .St .. 1\{ary's College, and was erected in 1781: here John 1.Yesley preached on various occasions. There are other Wesleyan chapels in 1Yalton street, Cranham street, St. Clement'·s, and at Kew Hincksey. The Congregational chapel, George street, was erected in I832, from plans by :Mr. Greenshields : it has a front elevation of ston'C, designed to imitate the Early English style, and was considerably improved in 1868 by the addition of porches and various interior alterations, under the direction of ~Ir. F. Codd, of Oxford; beneath ths chapel are 'spacious schoolroows. The Congregational chapel, Cowley road, is a Gothic building of brick and s'tone, erected in I88o, from designs by J. Sulman, of !Furnival's Inn, London: the total cost, inclusive of site, was £6,ooo, and it will seat goo persons. The Baptist chapel in the New road, 'next the clmrchyard of St. Peter le Bailey, was firsrt built in 1720, rebuilt in I78o, enlarged' in 1798 and I8Ig, and greatly improved 1by the construction of a new and more lofty roof in r864: in front is a burial ground: the chapel was first founded in Ship ·street in 1618, and ha:; registers of. births and lburia:s dating from 1784. The Baptist chapel, CQmmercial road, St. Ebbe's, was erected in IB32, at a cost of £4,000, by the Rev. Henry Bellenden Bnlteel M.A.. fellow and tutor of Exeter College. and some time curate of St. Ebbe's, on his being deprived by the bishop of Oxford, in 183I, of his licence asa clergyman of the Church of England, and was then known as ".Adul:am Chapel:" in I 868 it was purchasfd. for £r,soo by a Baptist congrega>tion formed in r866, at the ·Chequers' meeting room, and the ·building was reopened in I86g by the Rev. C. H. Spurgeon: there are Baptist meeting rooms in Alfred street, St. Giles'; King street, St. Paul's; .Albert street, Jericho; and_ Caroline street, St. Clement's. The chapel of the United Methodist Free Church, in New Inn Hall street east, stands on part of the site of the northern section of the old city wall, one bastion of. which was destroyed to make room for this chapel: it was erected in 1870-71, from plans by Mr. J. G. Curtis, of Oxford, at a cost of £2,ooo, and has a stone frontagein the Italian style : in the basement is a spacious schoolroom. • The Primitive Methodist chapel, in Pembroke street,. St. Clement's, also designed by Mr. Curtis, was opened iiL 1\Iay, I875, and cost mbout £r,6oo. The Brethren, usually called "Plymouth Brethren,''" have a chapel or meeting room in Xew Inn Hall street west, erected in r877 by 1\Ir. H. li'arks, at a cost, in· eluding 'site, of £ r,270. There is also a Scotch PreSibyterian church in NelEorr street, 6t. Barnaba.s, and a Jews' synagogue. The 1Salvation .Army Barracks, in Castle street, New road, erected in r888, are of brick with stone dressings,. and include a large hall, with galleries on three sides,. caparble of ho:ding r,ooo persons. There are now, with the additionS> made in I8gz-4. seven cemeteries. That of St. Cross has already beerr mentioned in connection with Holywell church. St. Mary's, Oseney Town, adjoining the Great Western railway, serves for the parishes -of St . .Aldate, St. Ebbe, St. Peter le Bailey and St. Thomas: it is 4 acres in extent and has dne mortuary chapel, but unfortunately lies low and is sometimes flooded. St. Sepulchre's., 1.Yalton street,. containing 3 acres, has one mortuary chapel, and is thw place of interment for the parishes of St. Giles, St. Paul. St. Barnabas, St. 1 Michael, 1St. Mary Magdalen, and StMartin. The cemetery of St. John the Evangelist, Cowley road, was formed in 1875. lby the munificence of theREv. R. M. B-enson: it comprises about 3 acres, inclosed in r877, and is used in connection with the adjacent church of the same 'name. New cemeteries being required, a number of proposed sites were in rB88 examined and reported on: the subject was also discussed at the ruridecanal conference held in Oxford in Octr8go, and eventually thrm pieces of ground were purchased and laid out by the City Council, during theperiod r892-4, one at Rose Hill, between Iffiey and Cowley, on the east, another at Botley, comprising Bi acres, west of the city, and a third at Cutteslowe, near Wilvercote, to the !north, and they will be found described under those places-. 'Byelaws for their management were approved by the Local Government Boaxd in 1894. Thesecemeteries were formally opened iby the Mayor, and a ceremony of dedication performed by the !Rev. Dr_ Magrath, provost of Queen's College, r2 March, rBg4, and are controlled by a committee o.f the -City Council, (){ which Aid. the Provost of Queen's is chairman. The new Town Hall and :Municipal Buildings, in St.. .A.ldate's street, now (I 895) in course of erection, occupJ! the site oi the former Town Hall, erected in I75I-2, thequaint old premiiSes of Nixon'·s school, built in 1658, and the late Corn Exchange, erected in 1863, with other structures, all arranged round an irregular open courtyard, which is now being built over. The former Town Hall, which faced the north end of St. .A.ldate'~ street, was of two storeys, in the Italian style, with a rusticated arcaded basement, and was re- -

• DlRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 153 lieved in front by a slightly projecting centre, with cornice and pediment: it was erected chiefly at the expense _of Thomas Rowney esq. formerly alderman, high t;teward and M.P. for the city of Oxford, who, in 1751, agreed to take dow'n and rebuild the former hall, receiving in aid the old materials and a sum of £1,300 already contributed for the work, which was finished II June, 1752. Within a pedimented niche in the centre of the street front was a life sized statue, in Caen stone, of Mr. Rowney, presented in November, 1844, by Alderman Charles Tawney. The new structure, the foundation stone of which was laid by the Mayor, Councillor Lucas, 6 July, 1893, is from the designs of Mr. Henry T. Hare A.R.I.B.A. and the fronts, of Clipsham stone, are in a style partaking of the characteristics both of Elizabetha'n and Jacobean work. The principal elevation, towards St. Aldate's, is symmetrically arranged in three portions, the central block ibeing carried up above those on either side and more elaborately treated: the front of this block is divided 1by pilasters into three ·bays, the lower stage con sisting of three bold semicircular arches, the centre ard1 forming the entrance, and those on either side, slightly recessed, -enclosing windows : a broad rbanding of scrollwork is interposed between these and the upper stage, which is filled with three large mullioned windows lighting the assembly room, and flanked by octagonal turrets, corbelled out and finished with ogee-shaped capping and vanes : the space above the windows is ornamented with a cornice and open balustrading, connecting the turrets with a somewhat fantastically ornamented central gable, adorned with the city arms: from the roof ridge rises a ilqnare lantern, continued as an octagon, and terminating in cupola with vane : the flanking divisions of this front are o.f two bays each, with two fine projecting windows in each, carried on corbels, and dormers above these, each witli three lights·, and elaborately finished semi-circular gables: at the south-west angle, over the entrance to the reading room, is a larger turret, similar in design to those in the centre: the elevation in Blue Boar street is more simply treated, but is pleasingly relieved in the centre by an arcade of three large arches on the ground floor, forming ~ntranees to the sessions court and the galleries of the town hall and to the basement: the general effect, especially on the principal front, is at once stately and picturesque, and the only cause for regret is that the elevation should be terminated Hl abruptly at the north end by the compulsory retention of the old offices of the town clerk. The arrangement of the buildings generally, and with relation to each other, has been highly praised, particularly when the confined and difficult nature of the site is considered, and a very competent critic has 'not hesitated to describe it as " a triumph of p:anning." rr'he principal entrance in St. Aldate's leads to a square hall, with the staircase and cloak rooms at the opposite end: the water and rate'!l offices are to the left of the entrance, and separated from these by a corridor are a muniment room and engineer's offices: to the right of the entrance are offices for the medical officer of he.alth and inspector of nuisances, and a porter's lodge: the remaining portion of this front on the ground floor and part of that in Blue Boar street is taken up with the news and reading room and lending library, the former conveniently allowing of about 200 readers at one time: an open ar-ea intervenes between these rooms and the weights and measures offices, which abut on the lending library: a corridor, 10 feet wide, and entered from Blue Boar stre·et, divides the whole of this portion of tihe ground floor from the back portion, which comprises, on the south-east, the new police station, with its various offices and cells and, in the centre, a parade room, 71 by 55 feet, with meSIS room, recreation room, kitchens, and store rooms in the rear. The main staircase conducts, by return flights on the principal floor, to an arcaded upper hall, surrounded by a dado panelled in stone and marble: on the west side it communicates with a fine assembly or banqueting room, 64 by 32 feet, forming the central part of the main front, and occupying the position of the old Town Hall: to the left is a committee room and the mayor's parlour, and in the rear, with an ante-room intervening, is the Cou'ncil chamber, 55 by about 30 feet: to the right of the assembly room is the reference library, and the rest of this- floor, on the south-east, comprises the sessions court, 45 by 35 feet, and the various apartments connected with it. The Town Hall itself is reached from the east side of the upper hall, and extends over the police parade room and the flo.:>rs beyond, and thus takes the position of the Qld Cor'n Exchange: it is uo feet long by 55 wide, measured internally, and surrounded by galleries on three sides, and at the east end is an orchestra available for over :;zoo performers, for whom spacious retiring rooms and lavatories have been provided: the exits from the hall are 'numerous, and have been very carefully arranged: the portraits, formerly in. the old Council chamber, will be replaced in the new on its completion: these indude Queen Anne, William Ill. John, first Duke of Marlborough (d. 1722); GeGrge, sth Duke of Marlborough (d. 18n) by Gainsborough; James, 1st Earl of Abingdon (d. 1699) by Dahl; Sir Thomas White; Dr. Wall; Alderman NixDn, 1638, and Joan, his wife; Zachary Bogan M.A. (d. 1659); Alderman Wise; Thomas Rowney esq. M.P.; Alderman Fletcher; Sir William Elias Taunton kt. town c:erk (d. 1835); Richard Hawkins, alderman, 1638; and other benefactors to the city. The meetings of the Corporation, during the rebuilding, are, by the courtesy of the University, held at the :Kew Examination Schools in the High street. Petty sessions are held on. Tuesdays and Fridays at eleven o'clock, at which the Mayor and city magistrates preside ; the quarterly courts of sessions are presided over ,by the Recordt:·r. In the course of the excavations for the new buildings some interesting relics have fbeen discovered. These include some stones from the first Town Hall, previously the " Domus Conversorum," or House of Jewish Converts, granted for the use of the burgesses by Henry IlL 1216- 1272 : this building, a rectangular structure of two storeys, with a low battlemeuted to·wer at its south end, stood, according to Wood, about where the new reading room now is: some ancient jars were also mEt with, but were unfortunately broken as they were being dug out. Another object of interC'st recovered was the foundation stone. of the old Corn Exchange, laid on the 3oth of Oct. 186r. In a cavity was a glass bottle hermetically sealed> and found to contain a card of admission to the ceremony of laying the foundation stone, on which were the names of the ~Iayor, Ald•. Charles James Sadler, the Sheriff, Councillor W. Thompson, copies of the local papers and some current coins: an ancient carving in oak of tile city arms, with the date 1577, is now the only remaining relic of the ancient Town Hall. The municipal insignia comprise one g1'eat and three small maces, a mayor's chain and badge and corporate and other seals. The great mace of silver gilt is the largest civic mace in the kingdom, being no less tha'n 5 feet 4l inches in length, and is a very fine example of the ordinary late type ; the shaft is divided into sections by boldly gadrooned knops, and chased throughout with roses, thisHes and1 foliage; the lower end t&minates in a very large foot-knop, gadrooned and chased underneath with acanthus leaves, a crowned rose, and a shield of the city arms, and bearing the inscription follDwing :-"This Mace was made in the Mayoralty of Iohn Lambe esq. Anno Regni Caroli 2 Duodecimo" (r66o-1); the upper end of the shaft has four brackets suppwting the unusually large and massi·ve head, which is divided by female figures rising from scrolled fo:iage into four panels, containing the usual royal badges and the initials "C. R. ; " on the flat plate at the top are the royal arms &c. with the initials " C II R,'~ and from the surrounding circlet of crosses patee and Heurs-de-lis springs an open crown, surmounted by an orb and cross. The oldest of the three small maces, II inches in length, is of S'ilver, with a flat rounded head bearing traces of the royal arms of J ames I. encircled by a coronet ; the plain shaft has two dividing bands, smaH brackets under the head, and at the foot three curiously fashioned heads of oxen resting on a Hat base, engraved with the initials "B. H." united by knot-work and the date 16o6 ; the other two small maces form a pair, and are of silver, n! inches in length, with plain shafts and heavy globular heads, each surmounted by a double cable inclosing a plate with the arms &c. of the Stuart sovereigns; the lower ends of the shafts terminate in c:umsy flanges with scroll-work in relief; these maces probably date from the reign of Charles IL The mayor's gold chain and badge were presented t() the Corporation by Alderman James Hughes J.P. in the third year of his mayoralty, 1883-4; the former consists of the letters of the word " Oxenford," alternating with enamelled roses, and connected by plain links ; the badge is an enriched medallion, bearing the city arms &c. in enamel, surrounded by civic emblems, and on the back is an inscription. The common seal is circular and 2* inches in diameter, and the entire space, within a border of laurel leaves, is filled with tha armorial achievement of the city, granted on the Visitation by R. Lee, Portcullis, in 1574. The arms are:- " ar.g. an ox passant, gu. armed and unguled or; on a ford of water barry wavy az. Supporters: dexter, an elephant, ermine ; eared, collered, and lined arg. armed or; sinister, a beaver, ppr. gorged with a coronet, and lined or; Crest: a d€mi-lion ramp. gard. or. regally crowned, and holding between the paws a rose arg.

• 164 OXFOBD, OX~~ORDSHIRE. (KELLY'I charged with anothel', gn." Motto:-" Fortis est·veritag.." A much older common seal is known, about 3 inches in diametBr, bearing the 1'epresentation of a town with crenellated walls and citadel, surmounted by an ox, and encircled with a J~gend : the ancient mayor's seal of the early rsth century, but now known by impressions only, was abo.ut r inch in diameter: it bore the device of an ox crossing a ford, and in the background a tree, and on the sinister side a small shield charged with the arm& of the city of London, some of the privileges of which were also shared by Oxford ; around was a legend : there is also a modern mayor's seal, and there was a Statute Merchant seal of 33 Edward Ill. (r36o), with marginal legend, and within this a fullfaced royal bust, with a lion pass•. gard. acr()SS the shoulders, and on each side a triple towered castle : the counter-seal, much smaller, bore the ox crossing a ford, and the words "Bos Oxonie." The Corporation plate includes a two-handled gold porringer of 44oz. 5 dwts. presented in r68o or r68 r by Ge-orge, second Duke of Buckingham, whose arms, with those of the city, are engraved upon it, and is one of the veil'y few vessels of that metal belonging to a corporate body. The "Coronation" cup, a tall covered cup of silver gilt, 22! inches high, derive:S its chief interest from the privilege granted in the early charters to the Mayor and Commonalty of Oxford to serve, with the citizens of London, the office of botelry at the CQronations. of our sovereigns, and to receive for their fee three maple cups or mazers, and the present cnp, though not a mazer, appears from the inscription on it to have been given to Sir Sampson 'White kt. mayor of Oxford, by Charles II. at his coronation; the bowl, foot and cover are wrought with flowers and royal badges, in low relief; . there are also two covered grace cups of silver gilt, both very fine e:xamplos, one presented by the Earl of Abingdon in IJJS, and the other in 1781 by the Hon. Peregrine Bertie, thelli l\I.P. forr the city; a sotanding cup of silver, with cover surmounted by an equestrian figure of the first Duke of Wellington, given to the city in 184r by Dr. .John Kidd, regius professor of medicine, was originally presented in r8II to J. Greed esq. captain and adjutant in the Oxford Loyal Volunteers, and bequeathed by him to Dr. Kidd, formerly a captain in the same regiment; the remaining plate includes four silver tankards, also gifts, and dating from r6r5 to 1713, a silver snuffbox of 1712, and a quantity of table plate. This account is compiled from notes kindly furnished by \V. H. St. John Hope esq. M.A. The City Police Station, formerly at Carfax, is on the south side of the High street, in rear of the main line of houses, and is reached from the street by a narrow passa,ge ; the premises consist in part of an old houseo in the Elizabethan style, bearing date r6rr and 1637, and occupying the site of an ancient academical foundation, called "Kempe Hall;" but a. new police station, with an entrance from Blue Boar street, forms part of the designs for the new municipal buildings, now in course of erection, and will comprise charge room, superintendent's office, parade room (70 by 55 feet), weights and measures departmertt, cells and waiting rooms for prisoners, sleeping apa.rtments for constables, mess room, recreation room, and so on; up to 1 Jan. x87o, the University and City police were distinct bodies, each with peculiar powers of remote. .origin; but they have since been amalgamated, aud the ·united force, cansisting of one supe.rintendent, two inspectors, six sergeants and 46 constables, is under the management of a committee of the City Council; the station has sleeping room for 14 men. The police are now, under the City of Oxford Order, 1889, placed under the provisions of the "MunicipaJ Corporations Act, r 882," in lieu of the " Oxford Police .Act, 188r," which (except secs. 22 and 23) has been wholly repealed by the said Order. The County Police Station is in the l'\ew road, west of the Castle Mount, and adjoining the parish schoolso of St. Peter le Bailey. The- New Corn Exchange, now (r895) in course of erection between George street and Gloucester Green, in place of the former Exchange, built in 186t-2 in the old Town Hall yard, is of !fed brick with freestone dressings, from plans by Mr. H. '\V. Moore, architect, of O:xford, and besides the Exchange hall, will include a. Fire Brigade station, a range of shop9 facing Ge-orge street, and other buildings, as well as offices and lavatories; the prin.cipal entrance being in George street. The foundation , stone was laid by the Mayor, 22 Oct. 1894· The Free Public Library and .Readin~ Room,- shortly to be lodged in the new municipal buildings, was opened r ·June, r854; the library will contain presses for over so,ooo volumes, and the reading room will contain, without inconvenience, about 200 readfrrs at one time. The library, unde.r Art. xxv. {)f the City of Oxford Order of r88g, re-oonstituting the. Corporation, is vested in and managed by the Corporahon, through a special committee. The Probate Court, in the New road, is a building of stone in the Gothic style, and was erected in 1864; immediately opposite and adjoining the entrance to the: Castle is the Diocesan registry. The district of the · Probate registry is co-extensive with the diocese. The Oxford Volunteer :Fire Brigade, established in 187o, chiefly by the efforts of Mr. Joseph Round, mayor 1874-5, and supported by voluntary contributions, consists of a chief officer, two superintendents and 50 members; the principal station is at present in New Inn Ha~l street, where are kept two steam engines, thre-e hose' carts and hose van, together with the usual ap· pliances; but a new station i& now (r895) in course of erection in connection with the new Corn Exchange in Gloucester Green. The old engine provided for the University Press in I83o, is now the property of the brigade; there are branch stations in the Cowley road and at Summertown. The Reform Club, incorporated in r87o as a social and political a.ssociation, has about 700 members, including all the leading Liberals of the city. The club rooms are at the Liberal Hall, in New Inn Hall street, a building of stone, erected in 1877, for the meetings of ward associations. The subscription is ss. annually. The premises of the East Oxford Constitutional Hall Co. Limited, erected in the Cowley road in 18go, from planS' by Mr. H. W. Moore, architect, include a large public room, So by 40 feet, available for meetings and · entertainments, with gallery and retiring rooms, library, reading and other rooms, kitchens, shops and some dweaing houses. The Clarendon Club (non-political) has premises at 54 Corn Market street; the club rooms are furnished with every comfort and convenienca, and are supplied with the morning and evening papers, the principal London and local weekly journals and various reviews, magazines, and works of reference. Refreshments of every kind are supplied to members. The club :room is open every day from 9 in the morning till 12 at night, except t~n sundays, when it is closed at II p.m. The entrance fee and subscription are each £z 2s. ; Mr. F. Ryman Hall J.P. president The East Oxford Liberal Club, which has 400 mem~ bers, wa·s formed in 1891, and occupies premises in Crown street, .CowlPy St. John. The County Hall and Assize Courts, erected in 184r• at a cost of £1s,ooo, are in the New road, and occupy in part the site of the great hall and northern walls of Oxford Castle ; they are massively built· of stone in the Cast.ellated style, the hall being in the centre with a. court on either side; there is also a grand jury :room, with retiring and consulting rooms and offices; in the grand jury room hang fine portraits of \V. H. Ashhurst esq. for 24 years chairman of quarter sessions, who died 3 June, r846; the Right Hon. Joseph Warner Henley P.C., J.P., D.L., ~LP. for Oxfordshire r84r-7S., a)lld pres.ident of the Board of Trade, r852 and r858-g, d. 9 Dec. 1884; Hugh Hamersley esq. chairman of Quarter Sessions, 1864-78 and Charles Edward Thornhill, chairman r878-g4; the offices of the Clerk of the Peace are within the- building, and the Bullingdon divisional magistrates, the Oxfordshire County Council and the Highway BQard all hold their meetings· here. · Her Majesty's Prison.,- erectBd in r8o5, at a. cost of about £r9,ooo, from designs by 1\lr. Blackburn, architect, stands immediately within the southern precincts of the castle, and has incorporated· with it some portion of the ancient fortress, with which the severe style adopted by the architect very well accords; at the extreme south-west corner stands the famom~ Saxon tower, generally known as "Maud's tower," and once forming the chief of a series of six placed at different angles ()£ the ca.stle wall; it appears to have existed before the time of Robert D'Oyley, and to have been by him converted into a campanile for the church of St. George within the Castle ; the walls are nearly Io feet in th~kn~ss, converging towards the top ; and the original entrance was by a. flight of steps from the outside ;. ther~ is a l'Ound turret at the south-east angle, and the parapet is crenellated; about 70 feet from this tower is a small but highly interesting Saxon crypt, 20 feet square, with a vaulted roof~ supported on dwarf columns, with elon,..,o-a.ted and ll'ingularly carved capitals; it appears originally to have been ve-r-y nearly under the east end of St. George's l:hnrch, though not agreeing in its ·

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD • 155 • dimensiions with that building, but on the erection of the new prison the whole was carefully shifted, and- Tebuilt at a distance of I~ feet from its previous site: forming part of the western boundary of the castle is the great mount, raised in the gth century for the double purpose of defence and observation, on which Agoas seems to show a huge decagonal or :round tower, which, if it ever existed on this site, has wholly disappeared; but the ancient vaulted well room in the centre of the mount, built in the reign of Henry II. still exists, and is reached, as of old, by a vaulted stairway from the outside; the well itself is 54 feet deep from the floor of the wen room, or from the summit of the mount about 70 feet; the whole mount is now thickly grown with large troos. A tablet on the wall of the County Hall yard, erected in 1877 by the late J. M. Davenport esq. Clerk of the Peace, records the "Black Assize" of July, 1577, when. Sir Robert Bell kt. Lord Chief Baron, the High Sheriff, Sir Robert D'Oyley kt. :Mr. llarham, Serjeant-at-Law, several magistrates and about. 300 other persons die<f from a sudden outbreak of gaol fever. The prison was enlar.ged in 1858, by converting the governor's residence into- a ward for female prisoners, and erecting a new house for the governor. The Post Office, erected in I88o, on the west side of St. Aldatels street, in. lieu of the premises so long occupied for that purpose beneath the old Town Hall, is a building of stone, wea designed in an early style of Gothic, and has the royal arms in the tympanum of the principal entrance ; the ground floor is devoted to the Money Order and Savings Bank departments and the general business of the office ; the two upper floors being occupied by the Telegraph department; at the back is a large sorting room and parcel office. On the northern side of the High street is the Market, designed by Gwynn, and opened on St. Thomas' day, :r774, under an Act of Pa;rliament passed in I77I for the improvement of the city; it consists of three principal avenues, connected at intervals by a1leys of less width, and has a large covered court with a fountain at the north or Market street entrance, for the sale of fish, and ornamental shrubs and trees ; the main portion is devoted to meat, vegetabl'es and fruit, and the whole market is open daily. In I894 the lWuth end of No-. 3 a>enue was taken down and reconstructed, from plans by Mr. ,V. H. Castle, estates surveyor to- the Corporation; this work marks the completion of a series of improvements which have been carried out in the Market building~ during severaJ· preceding years. The control of the Market, vested in the Chancellor of the University since the reign of Edwa.rd Ill. is now, under the City of Oxford Order, I88g, reconstituting the Corporation, vested in and attached to that body, and managed by a Markets Committee, but the University still retains the right of appointing two Clerks of the Market, who arre chosen annually ; one by the Chancellor, and the other by the Vice-Chancellor, their jurisdiction extending to the jnspection of weights and measures. A cattle market is held every second 'Wednesday, on Gloucester green. All regulations concerning the market are made by twelve commissioners appointed for the purpose. The annual and historic fair of St. Giles, one of the largest and most popular still existing, is held on the first Monday and Tuesday after 1 September (Feast of St.. Giles), if the Feast-day faJh on Monday, the fair is held on the following :\Ionday and Tuesday; another annual fair is held on the Thursday before ~lichaelmaiS, for toys. · The principal Banks are the London and County, a l-ofty and well-designed building of stone, in the Gothic style, erected in I866, at a cost of £w,ooo, immediately opposite All Saints' church ; Parsons, Thomson & Co. Hi~h street; Oxford Bank, II9 St. Aldate's st.; Gi.llett & {J(). 54 Corn Market street ; the O:x.on and Berks Bank, King Edward street. The premises of the Metropolitan Bank of England and 'Vales, in the Corn Market, erected in r8go, occupy the site of an ancient and well-known house, the pargetted 11anels of which have been placed in the Ashmolean Museum; the new bank iS> constructed of Doulting stone, from designs by Mr. H. G .. W. Drinkwater F.R.I.B..A. of Oxiord. Of the principal hote1-s, the Mitre, in High street, it!. now the oldest establishment of the kind in the city, still maintaining, as in the old coa.ching days, a high l'eputation; a portion of the original gabled structure remains at the back, and has . bow windows supported oo brackets carved with the initials .G.C.B. and the date 1631. The Clarendon and the Roebuck, in the Corn Market, are both hostelries of long standing and inti-_ mately connec~d with the political history of the bmough ~ thE~ Randolph, in Beaumont street, ~rected in 1864, at a cost of £r8,ooo, is a new and fine hotel and extreme~y well-appointed, with .a spacious assembly room, constructed in r8go, extensive stables and lock-up carriage houses &c. ; the King's Arms, Park street, is a quiet, old-fashioned house, near the New Parks; and the Golden Cr()SS, Corn Market, is well known and largely patronised as a commercial hotel. Several newspapers are published here. Jackson's " Oxford Journal," (conservative), established I I May, 1753, rd.; "Oxford Chronicle and Berks and Bucks Gazette" (liberal), estab1ished 4 Feb, 1837, Id. ; and the "Oxford Times n (conservative), originated 6 Sept. I862, all published on Fridays. The "O:x:.fo.rd Review and Under Graduates.' Journal," 6d. published daily during term. The "Oxford University Gazette," 6d. which first appeared in 1870, is an official publication issued weekly from the Clarendon Press. With the " Oxford Times " is connected the " Oxfordshire Weekly News" (Wednesday) and the "Abingdo-n Herald" (Saturday), each Id. The "Chford Review," Id. publishes thre-e editions daily during term. Charitable Institutions·.-The Radoliffe Infirmary, erected under a legacy bequeathed by Dr. John Radcliffe, the celebrated royal physician, is a plain but spacious structure of stone, occupying a retired site on the west side of the Wo-odstock road, some distance above St. Giles' church; the building was designed by Mr. Leadbetter, of London, the foundation stone being laid in I752; but the hospital was not opened for the reception of patients until 18 Oct. 1770; the ground on which it stands, comprising five acres, was the gift of Thomas Rowney esq. formerly one of the members of Parliament for the city of Oxford. Besides seven ordinary wards, the hospital contains a special ward for infectious diseases, and accident ward and two children's wards, some of which were opened as additions, by H.R.H. the late Prince Leopold (Duke of Albany), 2 June, I877; in 1888 an entirely new system of dra.i<nage was carried out, at a cost of nearly £8oo, and extensive additions made to several of the wards, nnder the supervision of Messrs. Giles & Gough, architects, of London ; and in 1889 the turret annexe was internally reconstructed by Mr. H. '\V. l\Ioore, architect. In 1893-4 the infirmary was enlarged by the addit~on of a new block, situated immediately behind St. Paul's church, and adjoining the grounds of the Radcliffe Observatory; it is two storeys in height, and is built of white brick with Bath stone dressings, from plans by Messrs. Giles, Gongh and Trollope, architects, of London, at a total co~t of about £s.soo; each storey contains a ward 8o feet by 24 feet, and a• speciaJ ward 21 feet by IS feet, with -bath rooms, apartments for nurses, and offices; a corridor connects the block with the main building. The number of in-patients yearly is about I,8oo, and of out-patients 6,ooo; the hospital is supported by endowments and voluntary contributions. A new building of wood and corrugated iron, for convalescent patients, was erected! in I894, and provided with water supply and all' necessary drains &c. It contains two wards, each measuring 30 feet by 20 feet, with rooms for the attendants in the centre. In front extends· a well-kept flower garden, in the centre of which is an ornamental fountain, and on the north side stands the hospital chapel of St. Luke, built in r864, wholly at the expense of T. Coombe esq. founder of St. Barnabas church; it consists simply of chancel and nave, with bell-turret, designed in a peculiarly elegant form of Early English Gothic, by Sir A. W. Blomfield M.A., .A.R.A., F.S . .A.; the interior is adorned by four valuable paintings of the Evangelists, pur-cha;Sed by the founder in I867 at Troitska monastery, 54 mi-les from Moscow: the chapel was consecrated! 17 Oct. r865, by the late Bishop Wilberforce, The Wingfield Convalescent Home, an institution opened in 1872 in connection with the Infirmary, is at New Headington. The Oxford Eye Hospital for some years carried <:~n in St. Giles's, now occupies premises in Walton street, formerly belonging to the Radcliffe Infirmary, but altered to serve their present purpo!!e in 1894; R." W. Doyne M.R.C.S., L.S.A. medical supt. The Sisterhood of St. Thomas the Martyr~ attached to the parish of that name, occupy premises in High street, St. Thomas, to which, in r88g, a chapel was added, from designs by Mr. C. C. Rolfe, architect, and dedicated by the Bishop of Oxford: the building consist!J ~f chapel with ante-chapel fenced off by a. stone screen, surmounted by a great rood, with figures of the Holy Mother and St. John on either side: the :roof is adorned with figures of angels bearing shields, on which are the emblems af the Passion: the sculptured and carved work -was executed by Mr. H. Hems, of Exeter.

156 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. [ KELLY'S The Refuge, St . .Aldate's, an institution for the reception of unfortunates, was considerably enlarged in 1889, fmm plans by Mr. H. W. Moore F.R.l.B.A..; the rector of Exeter College, is president. The Warneford Lunatic Asylum, in Divinity walk, St. Clements, and within the extended boundaries of the city, is a building of stone, with wards for 50 persons of both sexes, and supported by an endowment and subscriptions and fees. The Oxford Female Penitentiary and House of Mercy, situated near Holywell church, includes a private chapel: in 1B88-go the domestic buildings were enlarged under the direction of Mr. H. W. Moore, architect: it is supported partly by voluntary contributions: the Rev. R. L. Page M.A. chaplain. Cutler Boulter's charity of about £400 yearly, derived from 160 acres of land and invested funds, maintains six almsmen, chosen from specified places in the counties of Oxford, Lincoln, York, Rants, Cambridge and Kent, each receiving Ss. weekly and maintenance. The almshouses belonging to this, charity, were on the north side of St. Clement's, but were removed about 1890, and, the site is now occupied by Boulter street. Tawney's almshouses, forming Nos. 2 and 3 Lower Fisher row, St. Thomas', have an annual income of £182 and are for sirx poor persons, each of whom Te· ceives £20 a year. Parsons' almshouses, situated in a retired court yard in Grove street, are for eight persons, four of each sex, and have a yearly income of about £14!2, each inmate receiving Bs. weekly. Richard \Vootten's charity of [515 gs. 6d. yearly, bequeathed in 1866-7, is for fourteen pensioners, each of whom receives qs. per week. Dr. Wall's charity of £84 a year is bestowed in pensions upon four poor widows: and Hodgkin's charity of £27 yearly is similarly approrriated. The remaining city charities, exclusive of such as are purely parochial, include a yearly sum of £182 for apprenticing; £3o for organ repairs ; £142 for distribution in bread, fuel and clq.,thing; £601 for distribution in money and about [3oo for loans without interest. These further include Hughes's bequest of £150 yearly, for the benefit of fifteen Diossenting societies in the counties of Oxon, Berks and Warwick; and Buswell's charity of about £12 yearly, bequeathed in 1829 for the education of Dissenters. Stone's hospital or a:mshouses, situated on the south side of St. Clements street, were erected in 1700, under the will of the Rev. W. Stone, principal of New Inn Hall, dated 12 1\Iay, 1685; the hospital consists of a long range of houses in a single block, substantially built of stone with gardens in front, and has an income of about £2o8 yearly, mostly derived from land. The almspeople, consisting of eight poor widows, receive £zo 1os. yearly, with coals and the use of a garden in the rear. The Music Room, Holywell street, is a plain building of stone, in a heavy Italian style, with a deep cornice and pediment and a projecting portico. It was originally built for concerts and other musical entertainments given by members of the University, and was erected between 1742-8, from a design by Dr. Thomas Camplin, vice-principal of St. Edmund Hall, at a cost of £ r ,263 ; it is now private property, and is used for the practices of local musical societies and various miscellaneous purposes. The :Masonic Hall, in .Alfred street, High street, was erected in 1833, and is the place of meeting for the .Alfred, Bertie and Churchill lodges, the Alfred Chapter of Royal Arch Freemasons and the Preceptory of Camr de Lion. The ha.U belonging to the .Apollo University lodge adjoins the Clarendon hotel in Corn Market street, and was specially erected for that lodge in 1865. The Oxford Gymnasium, built in 1858, in .Alfred street, High street, is fitted with modern appliances for the practice of athletics ; prizes are terminally awarded to members of the University for excellence in fencing and other exercises. The Oxford University Racquet Courts form an extensive block of buildings, substantially constructed of brick with stone dressings, situated at the back of Holywell street, and accessible either in that direction or from the New Parks; there are other racquet courts of cc•nsiderable extent :in Museum terrace, west of the Parks, and reached from St. Giles' street through the " Lamb and Flag " yard. The Oxfordshire Club, consisting of gentlemen resident in or connected with the county of Oxon, not exceeding 150 in number and officers of the Bri!!ade Depot, has its rooms at the Clarendon hotel; the Lord Lieutenant is president. The Oxfordshire Agricultural Society, at 16 Queen street, established in r8u, for encouraging the breeding and rearing of live stock and the improvement of agricultural practice, holds annual shows in the various towns of the county. Subscription, one guinea yearly. The Royal Agricultural Society of England was founded at Oxford, 17 July, 1839. The annual show of the Society was held at Oxford, n-22 July, 187o, on a site of 30 acres, adjoining the Woodstock road. There are several large and well-kept Cricket Grounds, one of the finest being that belonging to Christ Church, on the south side of the Iffiey road; the pavilion on this ground wa,s thoroughly restored and new sanitary arrangements carried out in 1892: the curators of the :New Parks have also formed a ground with pavilion within that inclosure. Land for allotments has been set apart for each Ward, and in 1894 the Sorth and South "\Yard allotments were enlarged There are also a number of good Baths and Bathing Places, of which the oldest and best known is that called " Logger head," more properly "Leaguer" head, on the Cherwell and eastward of the Parks; on the upper Isis, a little north of the Botley road, is "Tumbling Bay," where new dressing sheds were built in 1892; and near the Long Bridges, on the lower river, close to the historic "Gut," a new bathing place was constructed some years since by the "Cniversity on a conrenient portion of the backwater, and was re-enclosed in 1892 with iron screens; and in 1894, a public ferry, with landing pla()es on either bank, was provided at this point in connection with an embanked footpath on the opposite side leading to Iffiey lane: private swimming baths will be found in l\ferton street. Oxford is specially celebrated for the variety and beauty of its promenades and walks, both within and around the city : of these, the various College gardens, nearly all of which are open to the public, claim a foremost place ; next may be mentioned the famous " Broad Walk," a magnificent avenue south of Christ Church, lined with lofty elms and nearly a quarter of a mile in length; almost at right angles to its western end is the fine avenue, 6oo yards long, constructed in 1868, in order to afford a better and readier access to the river, and both are again connected with the shady walk which fringes the right bank of the Cherwell, and is continued in the delightful "Water Walks" of 1\Iagdalen, the northern side of which is well known as ".Addison's \Valk ; " " The Parks," a fine stretch of sward, 93 acres in extent, lying eastward of St. Giles' street, extends from the elm walk fronting Keble College on the west to the Cherwell on the east, the walks around it, nearly two miles in extent, being tastefully planted with a great variety of rare and curious trees and shrubs, f0rming an arboretum ; on its eastern confines, a wooden bridge, crossing a branch of the Cherwell, leads to a pleasant embanked walk, lined on either side with pollard willows, which winds for about half a mile between its twin streams, eventually leading .. past King's mill into Marston lane, and is popularly known as " Mesopotamia." At the northern extremity of the churchyard of St. Mary Magdalen and westward of Balliol College is the Martyrs' Memorial, an elaborate monumental cross in the Decorated style, designed on the model of the Eleanor cross at Waltham, by the late Sir Gilbert Scott R . .A. and l\Ir. Moffatt, and erected in 1841, at a cost of £s,ooo, to commemorate the sufferings of Cranmer, Uidley and Latimer, in 1555 and 1556 ; it is 73 feet in height, including it·s basement of steps and consists of three stages, the second c()ntaining, within open enriched canopies, statues of Archbishop Cranmer and Bishops Ridley and Latimer, by Henry Weekes esq.; the upper stage terminates appropriately in an ornamental cross; and on the north side of the lower stage is a dedicatory inscription. Tlie memorial, however, does not mark the actual site of the martyrdom, which took place at or near a spot now marked by an iron cross in the centre of the road at the top of Broad street. The ancient city walls are still in part extant, and the northern portion, from the Castle eastward, had three bastions, one of which is still fairly complete and part of another, but the third was destroyed on the erection of the Free Methodist Ohapel in New Inn Hall street; tha north gate, which st-ood near St. l\'Iichael's church, was flanked by strong towers and backed by another gateway; from this point the wall continued between Broad street and Ship street (where fragments yet remain) to Smith gate, at the north end of Cat street. south of which, and apparently beyond the moat, wa~J the chapel of our Lady, remains of which, forming part of the second house northwards from New College lane. at the east end of Broad street, still exist, including a ..

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 157 carving of the "Salutation" over _the Perpendicular I of Warwick, ob. 9 Feb. 1297: in 1545 the see was transdoorway; the most considerable portion, consisting of ferred to Christ Church. Some portions of the structure the north-east angle, now forms the north and east remain incorporated with the buildings of Oseney mill. boundary of the gardens of New College, and is con- Rewley Abbey, or de Regali Loco, stood in north Osetinued westward through the college precincts to the ney, on the left bank of the river, and was founded in back of the houses in Holywell street; it comprises 1281 by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, for an abbot and four crenellated bastions, with a lofty postern ga.t-e on fifteen monks of the Cisterdan order, and also dedicated the north, still in use, and has at intervals flights of· to the Virgin Mary; the church, a fine edifice, had a etone steps leading up to the battlements, which, though lofty tower; the existing remains consist almost wholly much overgrown with ivy, may still be traversed; the of a portion of the east wall, with a Perpendicular gateeast gate was removed in the last century; another way, overhanging the river bank; at its dissolution in portion with a single bastion forms the southern boun- 1534 there was an abbot and 21 monks, and its yearly dary of Merton College, gardens, and tl'aces of a bastion revenue was £174 3s. exist in the garden of Corpus. There were also here several orders of friars. The In 1889, during the progress of excavations made for Dominicans or Black Friars came to Oxford in 1221, r:; the erection of a new house at the eastern junction of Aug. and first settled in the parish of St. Edward the Turl and Broad str-eets, evidences were met with of (afterwards included in All Saints' and St. Frideswide's), the ancient " Canditch," which lay outside the wall at south of High street .and near bhe middle of the city; this point; a considerable heap of leather, about 2 ft. but about 1259 removed to an island in the south 9 in. thick, was found here, besides shoemakers' knives, suburbs, immediately west of Grandpont. To this an ornamented book cover of the early 15th century, a house belonged Robert Bacon, brother of the famous mazer or wooden cup, crockery and oyster shells. Roger Bacon; Richard Fishacre or Fizacre, an eminent Frewen Hall, a small sombre-looking mansion at scholar; Robert Kilwardby, cardinal and archbishop of the back of Corn Market street, is celebrated as the Canterbury (1272-8); William of Macclesfield, cardinal; abode of the Prince of Wales while he was in residence Waiter Joyce, archbishop of Armagh (1306-n); Thomas here: the entrance to it is through a narrow passage, Joyce, his brother and a cardinal; Thomas de Ring11hut in by tall monastic-looking walls, at the end of stede, bishop of Bangor (1357-67), and Nicholas Trivet, which is a small, low-pointed gateway overshadowed the historian: in the church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, with limes and giving access to a little court, in which were buried Isabel (de Bolebec), Countess of Oxford, ob. stands the old-fashioned hous-e in which the Prince 3 Feb. 1246; Waiter 1\Iauclerk, bishop of Carlisle, ob. lived; in r888 the house was refaced with stone and 1248; and Piers GavMton, Earl of Cornwall, beheaded another floor added to t·he garden wing, under the 29 June, 1312; the priory was dissolved in 1544, and the superintendence of T. G. Jackson esq. M.A.; His Royal site of 3 acres and buildings sold. Highness still remains, as when in residence, a member 'fhe Franciscans, or Grey Friars, settled in St. Ebbe's of Christ Church. parish in Sept. I2:.l4, and with the help of King Hen. Among the remains of ancient houses in Oxford, the Ill, erected buildings on a site granted by him ; among most interesting relic is a portion of a fine mansion of the eminent members of this house were Roger Bacon the r6th century, at t.he southern end of St. Aldate's ("Doctor mirabilis "), the philosopher and experimenstreet, believed to have been originally built in 1546 for talist, who was buried here in 1292; and Henry Standish Robert King, last abb()t of Oseney and first bishop of D.D. bishop of St. Asaph (1518-36); in th-e church were Oxford, but refronted or repaired in 1628; the ceilings also buried Beatrix (de Falkestein), 3rd wife of Richard of the various rooms are richly decorated and bear the Plantagenet, King of the Romans and Almaine, and Earl arms of Edward VI.; and the north side, with its pro- of Cornwall, ob. 17 Oct. 1275 ; and the heart of her jecting windows, rich carving and pargetted walls, husband, who died at Berkhamstead Castle, Herts, 2 furnishes an admirable example of a very picturesque April, 1272, and was buried at Hailes Abbey; and Sir style; there are other old and interesting houses below John Golafre kt. ob. 1379; the convent was dissolved in this, bearing the arms of Bishop King on the ceilings, 1539 and the site of 5 acres and buildings disposed of. and several still linger in the High street, Corn Market, The Carmelites, or White Friars, first settled here in St. Giles's, and elsewhere. 1254, in a house in Stockwell (now Walton) street, but The house No. 35 Holywell, has singular bay windows in 1317 they obtained letters from Edw. II. granting to dating from 1626, and a bedroom at the back with early them the site and buildings of Beaumont palace: in the I5th century work, the interior walls furnish a complete church were interred Th()m.as Peverel, bishop of \Vor- .system of the colouring in vogue at that date, and in cester (1407-17), and John Twynnynge, abbot of WinchI8go the ancient fireplaces and panelling in this house combe (1474-88); this monastery was suppressed in were restored. In Brewer street is an interesting house 1539, there being then 24 friars, and in 1541 the sites called "Fairfax's," formerly the armoury of the Oxford and buildings were granted to Edmund Powell, of SandCity Volunteers; the wainscoting has been removed to ford; the graveyard appears to have extended over the Pembroke College, but there remains an overmantel of site of the present Beaumont street, in which area Benaissance character, with a shield of arms, a panelled human remains and relics have been disinterred on ceiling of Gothic charact-er, adorned with Tudor roses, various occasions. and the uncovered walls display ornamentation in colour, The Austin Friars, who came hither in 1252, eventuapparently designed to represent mullioned windows. ally established themselves partly on the site now occuThe old parsonage house of St. Giles' parish, standing pied by Wadham College, in the angle formed by Park immediately north of the church, is a picturesque gabled street and Holywell street, granted by charter of Hen. $tructure, built in 1659 and has stone mullioned win- Ill. in 1268; to this house belonged John Lowe, bishop dows; it occupies the site of Bethlehem Hospital, said of Bochester (1444_67); and John Capgrave, an eminent to have been established by Ailwyne Godegose, the divine and chronicler, ob. 12 Aug. 1464: in the church, founder of the church; the quaint gabled cottages at chiefly built by Sir John Handlow, of Borstall, founder the end of Rose lane, next Merton fields, were known to of this priory, was buried ·waiter Curson esq. of WaterWood as "The Grange," and hard by was an oratory, perry, ob. 7 Ap. 1527, and Isabel, his wife; their tomb, called "Our Lady in the \Vall." with brasses, was removed on the dissolution of the Oxford was anciently the site of the two abbeys of convent in 1540 t.o Waterperry church, where it still Oseney and Rewley, both of whioh stood westward of l'emains; the site, sometime held by Henry (Grey) the city and near the river; Oseney Abbey was founded Duke of Suffolk, was acquired by Dorothy ""\Vadham, in II29 by Robert D'Oilly, nephew of the first of that foundress of Wadham CollegEl in the reign of James I. na.me, for Canons of the Augustinian order, and was dedicated to St. Mary: its buildings were situated about a quarter of a mile south-west of St. Thomas' church, and partly occupied the ground now inclosed as a cemetery : the church, placed on the east side of a spacious tjuadrangle, and so magnificent as to be " the envy of all religious houses," was 332 feet in length, with lofty western and central towers, in the first of which hung the fine peal now at Christ Church; the monastery was surrendered 17 Nov. 1539, its revenues being then estimated at £654 ros. 2d. yearly: in 1542, on the constitution of the See of Oxford, Oseney was made the cathedral church, and Robert King D.D. the last abbot and titular bishop of Roanensis, was made the first bishop of Oxford, he died 4 Dec. 1557; in the church were buried :l':dith, wife of the founder, ob. c. II52; Adam, Bishop of St. Asaph, ob. n81, and Ella, Countess ' The Friars de Sacco or de Pamitentia J esu, came here in 1262, and had a house outside the lVest gate, on the site of Paradise square, but in 1307, this order being prohibited, their property was transferred to the Fran- • c1scans. The Trinitarians, or Mathurines, settled here in 1291, in a house granted to them by Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, to the south of and without the East gate; after some vicissitudes, the convent was dissolved by Ben. VIII. and became a hostel for poor scholars, but in 1546 was leased and the buildings pulled down. The Crutched Friars had a house in Grandpont in o-r before the reign of Edw. II. and about 1349 removed to a site given them by Richard Cary esq. mayor, in the parish of St. Peter in t·he East, but having bec~me inv-olved in legal rroce~dings with Merton College, their

158 OXFORD. OXfORDSHIRE. [KELLY'S rights were suspended in 1352 by the Bishop· of Lincoln, was built for the church in r886: there are about 450 and the erection of their buildings discontinued. · sittings, of which 300 are free. The register dates from The minor religious houses comprised the hospitals of the year 1835. The living is a vicarage, gross yeatly St. Bartholomew and St. John Baptist, some unendowed value £r7, with residence, in the gift of St. John's Colhospitals and almshouses, hermitages, anch()rholds and lege, Oxford, and held since r883 by the Rev. Alfred religious guilds. St. Bartholomew's, the desecrated Cecil Smith M.A.. of that college. chapel of which stands east of the city, on the Cowley COWLEY ST. JOH~,an important suburban district lyroad, about a quarter of a mile distant from old St. 1 ing to the eas.t of the city,was formed into an ecclesiastical Clement's churchyard, and half a mile from Magdalen 1 parish 4 A.ug. 1868, out of the civil parishes of Cowley bridge, was originally a hospital for lepers, founded by and St. Clement's, Oxford, and is now, by the City of Henry I. who endowed it with £23 yearly: in 1328 A.dam Oxford Order, 188g, included within the city of Oxford. de Brome, founder of Oriel College, obta-ined a grant of The church .of SS. Mary and John, on the Cowley road the hospital from Edward IlL for his society, promising and ereded in r882-3 at a cost of £7,000, is a building to maintain 8 lepers and a chaplain: during the plague of stone, in the Gothic style, from designs by Mr. Alfred of 1643 the hospital was used as a pest-house, and, Mardon Mowbray F.R.I.B.A. architect, of Oxford, and being destroyed in the siege, was rebuilt by the College consists of chancel, clerestoried nave of five bays, tranin r649; in 1833 the buildings were refitted and adapted septs, aisles, vestry, organ chamber and !il tower, added to the purposes of a cholera hospital: the chapel is a in 1892, with .{)rgan costing £700, given by G. H. Morrell simple parallelogram of two bays, in the Transition esq. in 1886: the chancel is a memorial to the late style from Decorated to Perpendicular; it has good Archbishop Longley: the church was consecrated on traceried windows, and contains a rood-screen, dated Tuesday, 5 Kov. r883, and has 700 sittings. Attached 1651: eight pensioners, "the almsmen of St. Barty," is a large and beautiful churchyard. The register dates elected by the freemen of the city, receive a small from the year r87o. The living is a vicarage, gross aiamal pittance from Oriel College. St. John's hospital yearly value from the Ecclesiastical Commissioner!! occupied the site <Jf that part of Magdalen College now £320, but without residence, in the gift of the Rev. overlooking on the east a backwater of the Cherwell, Richard }Ieux Benson M.A. of Christ Church, Oxford, and was founded previous to the reign of Hen. III.; it formerly vicar of the parish and others, and held since was surrendered to Hen. VI. 5 July, 1457, and became 1886 by the Rev. William Scott M.A.. of Keble College. the property of Bishop \Vaynflete by letters patent 27 The new church o.f St. John the Evangelist, Iffiey rood, Oct. in the same year. which is intended to replace the temporary iron church The ancient and famous wells, Aristotle's or Bru- in Stockmore street, i& a building of st-one, in the Gothic mann's on the Heyfield road, Wa.}ton well, Plato's or the style of the Early 14th century. from designs by Messrs. Cornish well at the east end of Hythe Bridge street, and Bodley and Garner. architects, of London, and at present the Holy wells in St. Cross parish, are now covered consists of chancel, nave with clerest<Jry, and aisles: over, though their sites are known; tha.t in the Castle the total cost is estimated at £12,ooo, and there are Boo mound still exists. sitt.ings. St. John the Evangelist's Mission House, By means of the river Isis and the Oxford canal, Marston street, is an Anglican religious establishment which has a communication with the whole of the water- under the direction of the superior, the Rev. Fathel' ways of the kingdom, and by railway communication, a Robert Lay Page M.A.. ; the basement contains a reconsiderable inland trade is carried on, chiefly in corn feet-cry and offices ; above is a parish room ·with various and coals, for whioh convenient wharves and quays are other apa.rtments, and 26 rooms for members of the provided. Brawn is here made in large quantities, both society, besides a lail'ge and well appointed chapel: the for immediate consumption and for the London market; clergy resident here hold missions and retreats at any and ths city is also famous for the manufacture oi a time in all parts of the country, by invitations of the peculiar kind of small sausage, highly esteemed in the local clergy, and have branch houses for mission work locality. in India, the United States and at the Cape of Good Headington Hill Hall and park, the seat of G. H. Hope; they also manage and principally support the Morrell esq. D.L., J.P., M.A., B.C.L. are now within the National Schools of this parish, containing 1,ooo s~holars. extended boundaries of the city. St. Albans Mission church in Charles street, Iffiey road, Population -of Oxford County Borough in 1891 (as was opened on Ascension day, 1889, and will seat 150; a extended).-All Saints, 319; Cowley St. John, 4,341: boys' school is held in the building during the week. Headington (part), 191 ; tSt. Aldat-e's, 3,080; tSt. The National Hospital of St. John the Evangelist fot> Clement's, 3,302 (including 9 officers and 209 inmates in Incurables was erected in 1873, from designs by the late the workhouse); St. Cross, or Holywell, 709; St. Ebbe, Mr. Gharles Buckeridge, architect, of Oxford, t.he found4,964; St. Giles (part), 10,548 (including 153 in Rad- ation stone being laid in May of that year by the late cliffe Infirmary); St. John, 91; St. Martin, 314; St.j H.R.H. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany K.G. then an Mary Magdalen. 1,733; St. Mary the Virgin, 224; St. undergraduate o·f Christ Church, and occupies a site of :Michael, 592; St. Peter le Bailey, 695; St. Thomas, '7 acres adjoining the church: in r88~-9~, a new wing, 8,434 (including 23 officers and 57 ~risoners in Her the gift of a lady, was built at a cost of £8,ooo, from Majesty's prison); IfHey (part), so; St. Peter-in-the- designs by Mr. J. L. Penson R.A., F.S.A..; it comprises East, 497; UniversityColleges and Halls, within the Oxford a temporary chapel, 30 by 20 feet, beautifully fitted; a Incorporation, 252; Binsey, 73; Hinksey South (part), boundary wall has also been built, and a handsome r,011; Headington (part), 231; Cowley (part), B,5r6; gateway, with massive oak gate!!, and on the south ~ide Iffiey (part), 152; & Woolvercot (part), 5; total county of the buildings a spacious and well-appointed laundry. borough, 45,742: this is divided into wards. viz. East, The hospital originated in a large bequest, given for population, 12,201; West, rr,594; North, 11,277; and the purpose by Mr. W. H. Whinfield, and was brougl1t South, 10,670. into existence by the energy of Miss Sandford, a lady t St. Aldate's has been increased by the addition of p:11't of North who had entirely devoted herself to this work; the Rinksey transferre<l by Local Government Board order March hospital, which had been for some time closed, was re25, 1885, and St. Clement's reduced by transfer to Cowley. opened about 1886, under the charge of the Sisters of Rateable Values within the. Oxford Incorporation.- All_ Saints; the buildi~g when ~omplet~d will hold 6o University Colleges a;nd Halls, £40,390 ; St. Martin, patients. The .Popula~10n of th1s locality h.as llreatly £6,271; St. Peter-in-the-East, £4,481; St. Mary the mcreased, ~ons1stmg m 1871 of 3,6gr and m 1881 of Virgin, £3,762; St. Thomas, £26.562; St. Ebbe's, 4,324. and m r8g1, 8,633. £13,222; All Saints, £6,841; St. Mary Magdalene, GRAl~DPONT, to the south of Oxford and along the £12,926; St. Michae.J, £9,546; St. Peter le Bailey, Abirngdon road, is a tithing of the- parish of St. Aldate, £5,667; Holywell, £5,952; St. Aldate's, £13,12-f: from which it is separated by the Isis, but is coPnected within Headington Union: St. Clement, Oxford, _.[9,357; with the city by Folly bridge, and bounded on the west St. Giles, Oxford, £64,190; St. John the Baptist, by the parish of South Hinksey; it was formerly in the £3,170. county of Berks, but by Art. IV. of the City of Oxford Summertown, a northern suburb of Oxford extending Order, r88g, framed under the Local Government Act,r888, along the road to Banbury, and included under the City it was transferred to Oxfordsliire a;nd is included within of Oxford Order, 1889, within the extended boundary of the extended city of Oxford. Grandpont House, a large the city, i-s an ecclesiastical parish formed 15 July, 1834> mansion built prurtly on arched stone piers over a branch out of the parish of St. Giles. The churoh of St. John of the Isis, and surrounded on either side by pleasant the Baptist, a cruciform structure of stone, in the Early and well-kept grounds, extending to the river, was for English style, situated about I! miles from St. Giles' some time the residence of H.R.H. the late Prince church, was erected in r83~, at a cost of £I,6oo, from Loopold, Duke of Albany K.G. while an undergraduate delligns by Mr. H. J. Under wood, ·architect, and consists of at Oxford. T·he churoh of St. Matthew, Grandpont, chancel, nave, transepts, north aisle and an octagonal erected by subscription in 18go-1, at a cost of £7,3oo, on turtet on the western gable containing one bell: it was a site given by Bra.senose College, is a rectangular ~nlarged in 1875 a.t 81 cost of about [2,000: 01 new organ building of Gibraltar and Box swne, in the Perpendicular

DIRECTORY.] OX:FORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 159 style, from designs by Messrs. Christopher and "White, architects, of London, comprising chancel, and nave of six bays, under a single roof, aisles, vestry and a sout:q porch of two storeys, the upper floor forming a gabled bell-chamber, reached by an e-legant octagonal turret on the west side, with open tracery in its upper stage and crocketed capping and finial; the church is lighted on eit,her side by large traceried windows divided by buttresses, and at each end by fine windows of similar character : over th~ entrance arch of the porch runs a fillet, bearing the words, " Peace be within thy walls," and the space between this and the belfry window is filled with panelled tracery. The land is chiefly the property of Brasenose College and Christ Church, Oxford; the area is 315 acres; and population, 1,549· NEW HIXKSEY is a modern and populous southern suburb of Oxford, adjoining Grandpont and lying between the Abingdon road on the east and the Great West ern railway on the west, in the parish of South Hinksey j in 1889 it was included in the county borough of Oxford, and by ..bt IV. of the City of Oxford Order, r88g, it was tran;:.fe:rred from l3e:rks to the county of Oxford. The churoh of St. John the Evangelist, erreted in 1870, is a small edifice of brick, with stone dres.sings, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle and a turret containing one bell, and has 275 sittings. In a garden here, belonging to Mr. V enables, is a very complex sun-dial, formerly in St. Giles'. OXFORD UNIVERSITY. The opinion which ascribes the foundation of the Uuiver- the Univro"sity Police; the University Chest, Libraries, sity of Oxford to Alfred the Great, if it cannot be main- Muse11m and University buildings, the Park and the tained as a t,ruth, at least contains no intrinsic marks of Botanic Garden .are each in charge of Curat{)rs appointed error, and it seems at any rate probable tha.t he becamE: for the purpose, and there are Visitors (Jf the Ashmolean a liberal part:ron of such educational establishments as Museum and! ·the University Observa;tQry, and University then already existed, but the actual foundation of Oxford Poor La,w Guardians. as a University cannot safely be assigned to a remoter Sermons are preached before the University, two on date than 1267, in whicih year Waiter de> Me.rton pur· each Sunday and one on certain special days, and at the chased the site for the college now called by his name, seve.ral .A:ssizes, besides a La.tin sermon at the beginning and the earliest charterSJ were granted by King John. of Miohaelmas, Hilary and Easter Terms•. These inThe name of Lewis de OhapeTnay occurs as Chance1lor elude the "Bampt.on Lectures," founded under the will in 1220, and tha.t o.f Elya.s de Daneis a,s Vice-Chancellor of the Rev. John Bampton M.A. who died in I75I, and in 1230. Th-e. Univel'lsity was inco·rporated by Queen preached on Sunday mornings during the Summer Term; Elizabeth in I57I, as "The Ohancellor, Ma,sters and the places of such graduates in holy orders as decline to SoholarSI of the University of Oxford," but its constHu- preac.h in their own turns are supplied by 10 persons tion has been almost wholly aitered and its powers called " Select Preachc;rs," who hold the office for two greatly extended by the Oxford University Act· of 1854 yea.rs. and by additional Act.& in 1856, 1857 and 1877. The Oh.ancellor is elected by ConvocatiO'll and the office is held The University sends two members to Parliament, a for life, but he is nvt required to attend the meetings privilege grant~ b .. y letters patent of James I. in 1 6°4 of the University except- in case of royal visits; the when the electrve nght ~a.s conferred on the doctors and v· Oh 11 t · th .. f th Ch act.ual masters, amountmg to then about 45 8, but the I~e- .a.n~e ~r, t a~hmg ; .. s f · e co~mls~fY 0 f t~ ~-~ num.bei' of registered electors is now 5 ,68g. Candidates ce 0 !t• IS Idn .. ac e .. ct ~ execu ,I1 ve bo ctehr 0 Ch e 1 n 1 I- for this office enjoy the privilege of being entirely free versi y an IS nomma eu. annua.1 y y e · ance or f tt da t. 1 ...+.-: d "t · 1 ( 11 h 'd.. ffi f f ) f th H --" rom any expenses & en n on e evv1on, an I IS a so usua y 01 mg () ce or our yea-rs rom e e<LUJe rt f th t d"t" al t.. tt th t th h ll "th of colleges in turn, and he appoints as his deputies four a pa 0 · .e trak I Ion e Iqtu~ eth a. e! .. ~ a neiTher V. Ch 11 mlL H.. .... St .1 .. .. t d eanvass, nor a e any par 1n e proce"'""mgs. e pro- 1ce- ance ors. ·.~.ue tg'l.ll ewaru. 1s appom e t b th R" ht H s· J h R b t by the Ohancell<>r, and approved by Convocation, and also presen mem ers ·are e Lg on. Ir( 0 n o er h 'd h" ffi f l"f b t h' d t" h" h f Mowbray bart. P.C., D.L., J.P., D.O.L. elected 1868) o. s IS o oe or 1 e, u IS u Ies, w 1c are o a I d J h G"lb t T-'b t D 0 L D L J p ( 1 t~:.. · ~-" d · t t h t , 1 f d b an () n I er (1.1 o eosq. . . . , . .. , . . e ec ~ varitXJ. an 1mpor an c arac er, are usua1 y per orme Y I 18 8) both of Christ Church. a Deputy Steward. The Proctors are two gradua.tes who 7 ' .. .. . have completed four and not completed fift-een years' Under the provrswns of t.he C1ty of OxfoTd Order, 188g, standing in the d-egree o.f M. A. and are elected annually fra~ed .. un~er the L::>cal Govern~ent Ac~, 1888, the by the colleges in rotation, in accordance with a new ~mvers1ty IS represemted on the Oity Council by 9 councycle, framed in 1 gg7 ; each Proctor nominates two pro-' cillo:rs a~d 3 aldermen; of the former ? are ~lec:ed by Procrors, who must be Masters of Arts of any college ConvocatiOn and 6 by the heads and semOT res1denv Bur· or hall o.f at least three years standing, -as their .respec- s~rs of colleg:es and halls ; and the alder~en a .. re chosen tive deputies; with these o•ffice.rs rests the discipline of I ?Y th.e councillors and ~dermen of the Umv:ers1ty, m;.et· ll m b f t .,_ u · s't " · stat pupil! rl·, (I' e mg separntely, the chmrman of such meetmg repor·.mg a. em ers o ue n1ver I y In u a ... , h lt f h 1 t" b tl t th 1 ,- t " h h t t ...._ th d f ]I.'[ A n 0 L t e resu o t e e !Se wn. su sequen y o · e w 1o,e \llose w o ave no a.~<.en e egree o . ., n.. .. .• C .. 1 T'h ·n h · · · u · ·t B.M .. or one of the superior degree·s). Offences of the Qun~I · ~ee counci ors, w 0 a~e ..JUmor m mvers1 Y avest class fall proper! ·undeT the cognizance: of the standmg, retire each- year, and SJmllarly t<wo aldermen ~g'h Steward, but are Jsually dealt wit!h. by the Vice- every three years. .. . . . .. Chancellor, who is also the judge in cases of debt and .. The govffi'n~ent of the Umvers1ty 1s vested m four diS· other civil actiou,s•, and is aided by an Assess()r.. The tmct assembhes: . Public Orator, who is chosen by Convocation and must. be a I. The Omgregation of Regents, or ancient House of Conmember of that body, retains the office for life, his grega,tion for the granting of degrees, and 1·atifying the. duty being to write letters a.nd addresse.s and to make nominations of examiners. orat.i~ns in the name of the University upon public 2 • The JI.Iodern House of Gongrega.tion, established by Act occaswns. . . . ()f Parr-liament in 1854, the bu&iness of which is chiefly The .. Keeper ?f !he Archives wa,s first appomted I~ 1634, confined 00 legislation; it consi~s of PrOfessors, Exa.miand h1s duty Is .. Lo arrange and prese.rve all mu~um~nts ners and <>ther officials, and of such members of Conan~, pa:pers relatm~ .to the property of the Um;ersl~Y· vocation a.s have resided for 20 weeks during the yea<r or Its right's an~ pnvileges ... and to keep all the U~1ve.rsity previous to that in whidh they become members, within ~ecords1 and regrste:s .. ; ihe 1s elects?- by Oonv()catwn, and the limits of the University; the list of member;; is Is Tha deR.ega.te of pfnVIthlegUes. ex ~fficw.h .. 1 'I t d b revised every yeaT in October term. e eg1strar o e mvers1ty, w o IS a so e ec e y .. . Conv{)Cation, must have taken the degree of M .. A. or 3· The Rous~ of Oonvocahon, .. Whi.ch transacts all the RO..L. He attends all meeting of ·the Hebdomadal for~al busmess of tihe Uruvenuty, except such. as Council Oongre!2"ation and Convocati(Jll and registt.ers specially belongs to the two. Houses of Congregatlcm, their p~eeding;. ' a.nd.con.:si~s of all those who, being on the ~egister and Delegates and Curators, sDme of whom are perpetual havrng paid the statutable fees, 'have at·tamed to the and others only temporary, a.re appointed by O:mvoca- degree of M.A .. , _D .. C .. L .. or M.D .. tion or Congregation, for the execution of special bnsi- 4· The Hebdomadal (i .. e, weekly) CQ>Uncil, originally ness relating to the Univffi'sity; there are ll.lso delegates formed by Charles I.. in 1631, at the suggestion of of App~als in Congregation or Convocation, for the Ex- Archbish()p Laud, and remodelled in 1854; the memtension of Teac'hing beyond the limit.s of the University, bers (except the Chancellor, Vive-Chancellor, ex-Vice for Licensing Lodging Houses, for Non-Collegiate Stu-· Chancellor and Proctors who are such ex officio) are dents, fGII' the control of the University Pres'S, for the main- elected by Congregation, and consist of Heads of tenance of Privileg~s, and for the management of Local Houses, Professors and members of Convocation; the Examinations, for the- Inspect.iQn and Examination of Council meete every Monday at 2, or as may be reSchools, for Superint-ending the Instruction of India. Oivil quired; the parbicular business. of the Council is to Service Candida.tes, and fQir the Training of Teachers ; for take preliminary steps in all matters of legislation .rethe Common University Fund, for the :r.Iuseum, and for lating to the 'Cniversity generally.

• 160 oxro:ao. OXFORDSHIRE. [ULliY'S During the Civil War the colleges and halls took part with the King, and in 1643, a mint having been established at New Inn Hall, sent their plate to be coined !or his use. Every membe.r of the University within a fortnight of his having been entered on the books of a college or hall, ur r~eived as a nO'Il.-collegiate stud-ent, must be matriculat-ed or formally enrolled on the l"flgister of the University; and for this purpose he a.ppea.rs in academic dress before the Vice-Chancellor accompanied by the dean of his coUege or other responsible officer, and having written his name in Latin in the register, and paid the :statutable fees, he is admonished "pro forma" by the Vice-Chancellor to observe all the statutes, privileges and customs of the University, and receive·s from him a certificate of matriculation and a copy of the University statuteS'. The regulation of Subjects for Examinations is under the control of Boards of Faculties ; the nomina· tion of !\fasters of the Schools, Moderators· and Public E:xaminers is entrusted to a series of Committees. Degrees are conferred by the University in the faeuH:ies of art.s, law, divinity, medicine, including the Slllb-faculty of surgery, and music. Degrees are also granted, but rarely, by decree of Convocation or by diploma, and less rarely bb.e.y are bestowed " honDTis causa " without tl1e full rights which ordinarily belong to them. The conditions necessary for degrees in the ordinary cour~, yet not for all alike, are examina.tionSI or exercises, the -payment of fees, a specified length of University standing, and residence. Members of the University, previous to obtaining a. degree, are styled "undergraduates." For the degree of Bachelor of Arts, except in the wse of ~tudents from affiliated colleges, or Oolonial or India.n Universit-ies. a. residence of 12 terms is necessary, but, without residing for the whole of each term, the requirements of the "Cniversity may be satisfied by a residence of six weeks each in Hila.ry and Michaelmas Terms, and Eas-ter and Trinity Terms,either by three weeks residence in each, or by 48 days' residence in the two Terms jointly, in each year; the Terms of residence may be distributed (so far as the University is conoerned) over a m1mber of years. It. is also necessary, before admission to this degree, to pass three ex.aminations, viz., Responsions, and two Public Examinat:ions : the first of these is not, howe'Ver, required from those who 'have already passed the previous Examination at Cambridge or obtained a special certificate from the examiners appointed und€<1" the Schools Examination Delegrutes, or from the Delegates of Local Examinations : the regulationi affecting these examinations, which are both numerous and elaborate, will be found fully detailed in the Examinations Statutes, which are published annually at the beginning of 1Iichaelmas Term. Candidates forr the degree of Ma.ster of Arts must have t~ken the B.A. degree and have entered on the 27th term from matriculation, but no further examination is required: an M. A. becomes a Regent Master, and as such a member of Convocation, at tha expiration of the term in which he has t-aken that degree. For the degree of Bachelor in Civil Law, 27 terms of standing are necessary. and candidates must have been admitted to the degree of B.A. and must also pa.ss a prescribed examination held once a year in Trinity •rerm in which Honours may be obtained, if th~ 25th t·erm from matriculation has not been exceeded. For the degree of Doctor in Civil Law, five years must have been completed from the time of admission to the B. C. L. degree; t.be oondidate must also write a dissertation on a. subject approved by the Regius Professor, and the same, if accepted, has t() be publicly ·rood, unless a published work of whioh he is the author 1be accepted in its stead. Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, must· be already B.A. and may be admitot.ed to the degree of B.)I. on pa•ssing the examination :required for that degree. Every person admitted' to the degree of .Bachelor of Medicine is "ipso facto" admitted also to the de.gree of Bachelor of Surgery, and may prooeed to the degree of Ma.stoer of Surgery in the 27th term from .matriculation: Bachelol"S of Medicine and Law may hold the degree of M. A. concurrently with either of these degrees. For the &gree of Doctor of Medicine candidates must ha.ve entered upon the zgth term from matriculation and write (and if required by the Regius Professor publicly read) a dissertGtion, unless some printed work of which he is the author be accepted in lieu thereof. Candidates for the degree of Bachelor in Divinity must have completed three years from the day on which they became Regent Masters of Arts, and must have been admitted to Priest's Orders ; they have also to read publicly in the Divinity School two. orig-inal diss~rtations on special Theological subjects approved by the Regius Professor. For the degree of Doctor in Divinity four years are required from the date of admission as B.D. ; can· didates must also publicly read in the Divinity School. on three separate days, three Exegetical lectures, on selected portions of Holy Scripture. Oa.ndidates for the degree of Bachelor in Music are required to matriculate as members of the Ullliversity and to pass two examinations and to compose a piece of music, prtwious t-o the first examination; they must have passed either (a) Responsions, or (b) one o.f its prescribed equivalents, or (c) a preliminary examination conducted by the Mastms of the Schools; the other examinations are wholly musical, and residence is not necessary. FOT the degree of Doctor in Music a certificate is required signed by two or more t•rus,t;worthy persons that he has been studying or practising music for five years from the date of admission as MUS.B.AC.; candidates must also pass an examination conducted partly in writing and partly "viva voce," and have previously composed a piece of vocal music of e~ght parts, with an accompaniment for a full orchestra, of which, if approved by the Profess'Ol' of 1'Iusic, a copy is to be deposited in the Music School. Before admission to the degree of !\f..A., D.M., D.C.L., B.D. or D.D. each person is required to make a declaratian tha.t he will observe the statutes, privileges, customs and liberties of the U:ruiversity, and will act faithfully, creoditGJbly and honestly in the two houses of Congregation and Convocation, especially in all that concerns Graces for Degrees and Elections. Candidates for the degree of B.D. (}T D.D. must also snbscribe and make a. Declaration of Assent to tihe 39 Articles and to the Book of Common Prayer. Undergraduate members of the "Cniversities of Cambridge or Dublin desiring to be incorporated in this University, must first matriculate, and may then supplicate in CongT't'gatiOIIl to have the full terms kept by them at those Universit,ies (duly certified by their respective colleges) reckoned a.s if they had been kept a.t Oxford : graduates before supplieating for incorpomt.ion must obtain express permission from the Hebdomadal Council. having previously submitted certain required certifieates, and if they are graduates in Law and Medicine, must pass the examinations in those faculties respect.ively, and have passed at their own Universities all the e:xamina•tions required for the B.A. degree. Graduates in Divinity incorporating are required t-o .subscribe the Deciaration <Jf As-sent. The academic dress ordinarily worn va.ries according to rank and degree : a Master of Arts wea.rs a black gown with long pendent sleeves, having a semi-circular cut at the bottom and a hood of black silk lined with crimson: a Dootor in Divinity, the same dress, with cassock, cincture and scarf, and a hood of scarlet eloth lined with black silk: a Bachelor in Divinity a, similar gown, with a hood of black silk ; a Bachelor in Arts, black gown with full sleeves looped at the elbow and terminating in a pooint, and a black silk hood edged with white fur: a Proctor, black gawn with facings and short full sleeves of black velvet, a small tippet attached to the left shoulder, and a large ermine hood; and a Pro-Proctor, a Master of .Arts' gown, faced with velvet and a tippet on the left shoulder. Doctors in Medicine, Oivil Law and Music wear gowns of black silk, with a broad fla.t co-llar and long sleeves, square at the bottom and richly braided : Bachelors of the same faculties wear similar gowns, hut less richly braided : Doctors in Medicine and Civil Law wear a hood of scarlet cloth, lined with pink silk; and those in Music, a hood of white damasked silk, lined with crimson rutin: Bachelors tin Law and Medicine have hood.s of slightly varying shades of blue, and Bachelors in Music lilac-coloured hoods, edged with white fur. Docto<rs of the superior faculties have. also full dress gowns, and a special congregation habit of scarlet cloth, similar to the chimere worn by bish.ops. Until lately noblemen wore, as their OTdinary academic dress, a gown of black silk with full sleeves; this, however, is not now assumed, but they all"e still entitled to wear for full dress a gown of murrey-coloured dama.sk silk, similar to the :B.C.L. gown, but :rtichly adorned with goid lace, and a cap of black velvet with gold' tassel. Tbe dresses of undergraduartes are, for a. scholar a black stuff gown, with slhort full sleeves, and a commoner a similar gown without sleeves, but with a broad strip hanging be'hind from each shoulder to the bottom of the dress and gathered into plaits near the top. Gentlemen commoners, now an almost. extinct rt~ce of undergraduates, wear a gown similar in shape to the B.C.L. gown, but ornamented with plaiting, instead of braid, upon the sleeve&, and cap of black velvet, and they formerly wore~ a special full dress gown. The head dn~ss usually worn by all members of the University alike is a square black c1oth cap with black 15i1k tassel. The Ecdesiastical patronage of the University as a

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 161 body is not extensive, consisting only of five benefices and two lecture.ships, but under the Act 3 James I. c. 5, by which Roman Catholics are disabled from pre- &enting to any ecclesiastical benefice, and fro:rn nominating to any free school, hospital, or donative, the right of presentation in any such cases is made over t-o this Universaty in 25 counties of England and Wales, the rema.ining 27 beling similarly allotted to the University of Cambridge. The University aJso presents to the rect{)ry of Great Ga,tcombe, Isle of Wight, as in trust for the principal of St. Edmund Hall, and to the rectory of South Moreton, llerks, as in trust for the principal of Hertford College. UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. The Sheldonian Theatre, situated in Broad strtet, is one of the principal buildings of Oxford, and was opened in 1669, having been erected in 1644-9 from designs by Si!" Christopher Wr?.n, at a cost of {,ls,ooo, the wnole ot which was defrayed by Archbishop Sheldon, who added £z,ooo, to be laid out in estates for its support and repair; and the late Dr. Wills, Warden of Wadham College, left {,1,ooo for the same purpose: the southern front is cisposed in two storeys ·Of the Corinthian order; over the ~trance are the arms of Archbis·hop Sheldon, the founder, and in niches at the extremities are statues of the archbishop and the Duke of Ormonde : ·the entrance on this side is used only on special occasions : the remainder of the building forms an ellipse, the lower storey being rusticated and the upper lighted by ranges of spacious windows and divided by rilasters and surmounted by a balustrade: above t·he' south entrance is a statue of Charles II. : the exterior stone work was partially renewed in r8go. The building is surmounted by a cupola, added in 1838, from which a very :fine view of the city is obtained, and is inclosed on the street side by a dwarf wall and iron railings secured to tall square piers, terminating in huge grotesque heads, intending to represent various sages of antiquity: within the theatre are portraits of the founder, of James Duke of Ormonde, Sir Christopher Wren atnd :Xathaniel Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham (1674-1722), and formerly rector of Lincoln College, a liberal benefactor both to his College and to the University, and founder of " the Creweian Oration," the delivery of which is that which actually constitutes the annual " Commemoration" (viz. of Founders and Benefactor~). 'l'he ceiling of the theatre, painted by Streeter, represents allegorically the Triumph of Religion, Art and Science over their foes; it was repainted in 1762, at a cost of {,1,ooo, and further repairs took pla,ce in 1802 and r8z6. In 1876 a new and very fine organ was substituted for the old organ, set up in 1768 by Mr. By.field. Here, in June, the annual "Commemoration" is held, when various prize compositions are recited and honorary degrees are conferred on distinguished pers~nages : the building is also occasionally used for Diocesan Conferences, public meetings, concerts, and exercises for the degree of Doctor in Music, and in 1885 a new orchestra was built at a cost of nearly £zoo: the interior is surrounded by a wide and deep amphitheatre of seats, above which, supported on pillars, is a. very spacious gallery, and the building is estimated to hold 3,ooo persons. Of the many ceremonials and receptions which have on various occasions taken place in the theatre, the most imposing of modern times were the visit of the allied sovereigns in 1814 and the installation of the last three chancellors, viz. the Duke of "Wellington in 1834, the Earl of Derby in 1853, and the :Marquis of Salisbury in I86g, when congratulatory poems were recited by graduate and undergraduate members of the University ; the Commemoration of 1863, marked by the visit of T.R.H. Prince and Princess of Wales, will also be still fresh in the recollection of many. The Examination Schools, at the eastern end of the High street, stand in part on the site so long occupied by the well-known Angel hotel; the buildings, as now completed, form three sides of a square, open towards the east. The style adopted by the architect, T. Graham Jackson esq. 1\LA. late fellow of Wadham College, is a species of Italianised Gothic, the general character of which is at once elegant and picturesque, and exhibits considerable originality of design; the principal front is on the north side, facing the High street, and has in the centre an elaborately carved porch, supported on Ionic pillars and adorned above with carvings in low relief of "the 'viva voce' Examination" and "the Conferment of degrees :" at either end of the fal(ade is a slightly projecting bay, with a spacious mullioned window and an arcaded parapet., and from the roof ridge rises a tall and elaborately designed louvre; the great north hall, entered immediately from the Hi~h street and intended as a waiting ha!l, is 79 feet in length by 26 wide; it is finely panelled all round in oak, and has a double coved oak ceiling with tie beam roof ; on its south sid~ three deep arches on highly enriched corbels admit to the cor~ ridor and support a panelled gallery, extending along the whole of that side, and connected by an open arcade at the end with the rooms on the first floor; on the ground floor are the "viva voce" rooms, nine in number, connected by a continuous corridor, which expands at the north-west and south-west angles into large vestibules, with flat timbered roofs, supported on pillars composed of various rare marbles, the shafts of those in the vestibule at the south-west consisting of two perfect blocks of the famous Cippolini marble, believed to be the only specimens in the kingdom, and for which the ancient quarry was specially opened. On the first floor are the north, south and east writing schools; and at the northeast angle are two other rooms, a luncheon room for examiners, and various offices : this floor is gained from below by a broad staircase of two flights on the west side, with a massive balustrading of red marble, inclosing foliaged panels in alabaster and various coloured marbles, and leading immediately t-o the principal ante-room, partly supported by an arcading of alabaster and inlaid rr..arbles carried on coupled columns : the north and south doorways lead to the writing schools above mentioned, magnificent apartments, wainscotted with panelled oak and lighted by wide and lofty recessed windows, themselves surrounded and surmounted by panelled oak carving.; the· roofs are coved in ribbed panels, filled with rich designs in stucco, and are held together with tie beams ; each doorway is inclosed in panelled oak, with carvings of elaborate character, and is curtained with heavy tapestry; the length of the northern school is 190 feet, of the southern school no feet, and of the eastern school 93 feet, with a general width of 34 feet. The interior elevation, facing the quadrangle, is relieved on its western side by a projecting bay of t hrt>e. stage>:, each flanked by twin fluted columns of different orders ; the two lower stages on either side, supporting entablatures, inclose spacious windows; the third stage rising above the roof includes a clock with dial and is finished with a semi-circular tympanum and parapet, highly enriched; under each of the windows on this and the other sides of the int-erior front are carved in sunken panels the arms of the different colleges, with figure supporters. The clocks throughout t.he building-of which there are twenty-are all electrical, and in every room there are electric bells communicating with a common indicator in the hall, by which the officials may without trouble learn in what direction their services are required. Strangers, unless accompanied by a member of the University in academical dress, are required to pay a fee. Ad joining the east end of the Examination Schools, and facing the High street, is the new building, erected during the years 1887-8, for the Delegacy of Unattached Students, from the designs of T. G. Jacks on esq. l\I.A., A.R.A., F.S.A. ; it accords in style with that of the schools, and is arranged in three floors, with three gabled bays towards High street; the King street front being relieved at the angle by a fine circular oriel supported on octagonal cor belling, and terminating upwards in a. cupola with finial ; on the ground floor are Examination rooms for the Delegacy and the Oxford Local Examination Board, with a clerk's room; the first floor is mainly de 1 voted to the library, 31 by 35 feet, divided by an arcade of three bays, with fine pillars {)It moulded bases; and the remaining space is occupied by a Censor's room; on the top floor are tutors' rooms, and in the basement the porter's lodgings;, a day-room for non-collegiate students and offices. The Bodleian Library, founded by Sir Thomas Bodley, and opened in 1602, ranks in extent and importance next after the British Museum among the libraries of the United Kingdom. The pre-existing University library was despoiled in 1550 by the Commissioners of Edward VI. ; and Sir Thomas Bodley, on proposing, in 1598, to refit and endow it, found the walls bare, and not a volume of the previous stores remaining. He, however. restored the room, now the central part of the great reading-room, originally opened in 1488 ; and with the help of friends again furnished it with books, both printed and in manuscript, and provided for its endowment, a,nd it was reopened 8 Nov. 1602. Among the chief early benefactors were the Earl of Pembroke, Sir Kenelm Digby, Archbishop Laud and John Selden. Since 12 Dec. 1610, the library has had a right, by an agreement then made with the Stati~ners' Company, to a copy of every book printed in the Company, and it is one of the five libraries which receive new publications under the Copyright Act. Its natural rate of growth has been acceleOXON. 1 J

162 oxro:ao. O.X.~.,ORDSHIRE. (KILLY1 S rated from time to time by additional benefactions, es~ pecially those of Rawlinson, Gough, Malone, Douce and (in money) Mason, and by larg~ purchases from its own revenues. It now contains not only valuable topographical, historical and classical collections, but also an immense store of Oriental and especially Hebrew literature. The number of manuscripts in the library may be roughly estimated at 26,ooo, the printed volumes, as bound up, at 43o,ooo, and the separate title pages at over a million. The older part Df the library consists of a large reading-room in the shape of an H, and the entire quadrangle of the old Schools, designed by Thomas Holt, architect, of York; these consist of all the rooms surrounding the quadrangle on the ground floor, each entered by a. separate door opening into it, the> names of the respective faculties being inscribed over the several doors in gilt letters; with certain exceptions, the library is open on week days from 9 a.m. closing at 3, 4 or 5 p.m. according to the time of the year. The apartment kno\Vn as the " Old School," was completely renovated and refloored in r8go, and new presses of wood &nd iron, designed by J. 0. Smith, architect, of London, fitted up; in the Old School is preserved the Hope collection of books and engraved portraits, open daily from II a.m. to r p.m. except on Saturday, 2 p.m. tD 4 p.m.; J. S. Treacher M . .A. Merton College, keeper. The Bodleian proper is opened on week-days, with some exceptions, from g a.m. closing at. various times from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. according to the season of the year. The second floor of the quadrangle is partly used as a picture gallery, which contains also various models, busts and curiosities, while many valuable books and manuscripts are displayed in glass cases in the reading-room. Visitors, unless accompanied by a member of the University in academical dress, are required to pay a fee. On the east side is the gateway tower known as the "Tower of the :Five Orders,'' which dates from the time of James I. and exhibits on the inner fa<;ade examples of the various architectural orders, rising in successive storeys one above the other, together with a sitting statue of the king presenting copies of his works to Fame and to the University. In two upper rooms in the tower are preserved the records o:f the University, in charge of the keeper of the .Archives. 'fhe western faqade of the quadrangle is panelled and is pierced with a doorway admitting to a lofty rectangular groined and vaulted corridor, properly called the " Proscholium.," but more generally known as the "pig market," at the north end of which is an open archway leading to a smaller quadrangle inclosed on the north by the Sheldonian Theatre, on the west by the ante-chamber of the> Convocation House, and on the south by the Divinity School, a magnificent apartment, in the Perpendicular style, begun in 1445 and completed in 1480, chiefly by the munificence of Humphrey, Duke of GloRcester and Thomas Kemp, :Bishop of London; although despoiled in the reign of Edward VI. of all the stained glass which originally adorned its spacious windows, its splendid groined roof, with elaborately carved pendents and shields of arms, still remains; in 1625, the House of Commons, driven from London on account of the plague, held its sittings here; and during the Civil War it was used as a storehonse for corn, but was restored in r66g by Sir Chris~ topher Wren, who constructed the northern entrance; it is now used for the delivery of dissertations or expositions by candidates for degrees in Divinity and occasionally for general examinations. The Convocation House, entered from the western end of the Divinity School, was er-:Jcted in 1639 and is a large apartment with high pa.llelled wainscot and a good tracerie-d roof, in whieh the meetings of Convucaticn are held and degrees conferred; ranges of benches occupy the sides· and at the south end ar~ raised se.lw for the vice-chancellor and proctors; in the "apodyterium," or ar:.te-chamber, at the opposite end, the vice-chancellor's court is held; and it is also used on degree days as a robing-room. The building -which formerly contained the Radcliffe Library, now known as the" Radcliffe Camera.," was com~ menced in 1737 and opened with great state in 1749, the .archite·~~ being James Gibbs esq. F.R.S. a Scr.tchman ~nd a member of St. Mary Hall: it is a circular building, consisting of a basement forming a double octagon, 100 feet in diameter, and a circular superstructure of the Corinthian order, the whole surmounted by a lofty dorne, with a cupola supported on a continuous ~rcade of circular arches. The munificent founder, Dr. John Radcliffe, left [4o,ooo for the site and· erection of the building, besides an endowment for the librarian and for the purchase of books; the noble upper room,. surrounded by a wide balustraded gallery and containing various casts from the antique, is now used as the general reading-room of the Bodleian, and is c-pen to readers from 10 a.m. to ro p.m. on all week-days with certain exceptions. 'rhe basement, or ambulatory, is now inclosed, and Vl'ith the upper room contains about 1oo,ooo volumes, consisting chiefly Df modern printed literature received since 185I, together with a comprehensive. sele-ct library for the use of students; the volumes constituting the original Radcliffe library have been transferred to the New Museum. The library is under the man.agement of a board of curators and a librarian, who is aided by two sub-libra~ rians, a. special assistant in the MS. department and a staff of nine assistants. Eoth parts of the library are open to all graduate members of the University ; other persons are admitted to study in them on presenting a sufficient recommendation. Certain parts of the library are open to visitors on payment of a small fee (from which, however, they are exe!npt if they are. accompanied by a member of the University in academical dress), and from the outer gallery of the Camera. one of the best views of Oxford can be obtained. Edward Williams Eyron Nicholson M . .A. librarian; .Adolf Neubauer l\I..A. and Falconer Madan :M. A.. sub-librarians; Wil:iam Dunn Macray M . .A. special assistant. The Oxford "University Museum, a large and handsome structure in the Venetian-Gothic style, erected in I85S6o, from the designs of Sir Thomas Deane and B. Woodward esq. of Dublin, at a cost of £8o,ooo, stands in the Parks on the north side of the city, and has a frontage of 346 feet and! a general height of 75 feet, the principal front being faced with stone on a ground work of brick; as an educational institution it is the result of a scheme first promoted in 1847, to bring under one roof the different collections in Oxford, illustrative of the ,-arious cognate natural science11, together with a library, laboratories, lecture rooms and other necessary apartments. 'fhe main entrance is on the west, through a finely carved doorway, leading mto a lnrge lobby and thence into the great Court, which has a glass roof supported by iron columns and arches, the spandrils of whi~h are filled with foliage of wrought iron from natural examples: this court is 120 feet square, aitd contains in the central avenue zoological coll')ctions ; on the north side skeletons and otht"r anatomical objects, and on the south side the collections of reptiles and fish, with many fine specimens of mineral:; anrl fossil remains of extinct saurians and other animals. The north side is devoted to specimens of geology and anatomy. The court is surrounded by an open arcade of two storeys, giving acc~ss to all the various departments, and conneeting these with the collections in the area. The piers are composed of materials representing succes£ive o-eoloo-ical formatio'ls, and the shafts, I25 in o e number, are spacimens of the most important rocks of the British islands, while the capitals are exquisitely carved. in imitation of natural plaThts and foliage; upon the piers are statues of eminent scientific men, ancient and n•odern. Part of the .Ashmole:m collection has also been placed in this mus:mm. The theatre or lecture-room, also on the first floor, is a fine apartment and will seat 500 people; it is amply supplied with gas, water and drainage, for experiments: the library, zoo feet in length, contains about so,ooo volumes and hasl a reading-room at the north end. In other parts of the building are offices and rooms set apart for t·he use of different professors and students, which are not open to public view. In 1872, a new wing, erected in 186g-7o, at a cost of £ro,z8z, was added to the museum by the Clarendon trustees for the department of experimental philosophy. This building, known as the Clarendon laboratory, is of Bath and Hornton stone, with a tower and spire at the north-east angle and contains a large lecture-theatre and laboratories fol' carrying on experiments in heat, light, electricity &c. and in 1887 additions were made for the purpose of providing room for electric lighting machinery, and for the study of this branch of electric science. In r891-z, a considerable addition was made on the east side of the main building for the, departments of physiology and human anatomy: the new block, constructed of Box stone, from plans by Mr. H. W. Moore, architect, of Oxford, comprises a basement with tank room and other rooms and offices ; ground floor, containing a. dissecting rDom, museum, surrounded by a gallery, Iedure-theatre and other apartments, and first floor, on which is a microscopical room, r8 by 30 feet, and assistants' rooms; the building also contains all the usual :ftttings for laboratory purposes. tn 1894 important alterations, including the provision of a new library, lecture-rooms and laboratories were made in the Hope department of Zoology. The extensive collection to illustrate anthropology~ made by General Pitt Rivers F.R.S., F.S.A. is placed in a large apartment to the east of the main court. In r86r th"' Radcliffe library was removed by consent of the trustees from the original buildin2", designed by Gibbs,

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 163 to two handsome -rooms on the west side of the museum. This library, founded in the last century by Dr. Radcliffe, the celebrated physician, is placed in the upper west corridol'\ and now contains about 4o,ooo volumes relating to pbysical science, including a large collection of scientifiq transactions anru periodicals. The books are arranged under the following heads :-Philosophy, mathe- :matics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, geology, voyages and travels, biological science, medicine, biographies, miscellaneous. ..A. special feature in the library is the collection of books known as "The Students' Library," which consists of a carefully selected series of text-books and special monographs arranged according to subjects. The list of these books is revised from time to time by the professors of the different departments in the museum, and may be purchased at the library. "\Vith certain exceptions the reading-room is open daily in Term, except Sundays, from IQ a.m. till 6 p.m. and in Vacation from ro a.m. till 4 p.m. ; visitors are admitt~d after 2 p.m. Sir H. W . ..A.cland K.C.B., D.::\1., F.R.S. is the librarian. Superintendents : reading-room, l\Ir. J oseph ·walker; book-room, Mr. James Ford. The museum is open daily to members of the University from IQ to 4, to citizens on presenting an order from a. Master of Arts and to strangers from 2 to 4· The residence of the keeper of the museum, Edward Burnett Tylor M.A., Hon. D.C.L. at the south-east angle is a well-built house in the Gothic :otvle, and in 1888 a new lodge in the English Gothic style was erected from planS' by Mr. H. W. Moore, architect. The..A.shmolean Museum, westward of the theatre, was built in 1679-83 from plans by Mr. Thomas· Wood, architect, to contain the: collection of curiosities made by John Tradescant, a Dutchman, and gardener to Charles I. which his son, the younger 'l'radescant, bequeathed to Elias Ashmole, who in turn, in 1679, offered it to the University: the collection, including many additions made by Ashmole, is rich in manuscripts connected with heraldry and genealogy, now placed in the Bodleian Library; the basement is now the receptacle of a part of the Arundel and other inscribed marbles : the middle room cGntains various Anglo-Saxon and Medireval antiquities, curiosities and relics, and amongst the former is the celebrated Alfred jewel; there are also other ethnological collections made by Captains Cook and Beechey: the museum is open daily from 2 till 4 ; Arthur John Evans ~I. A. keeper; Edward Evans, assistant keeper. The· University Printing office, · in Walton street, northward of Worcester College, was erected in 1826- 3Q and is a building of the Corinthian order, with a front 252 feet in extent, from designs by Mr. Daniel Robertson and Mr. Blore, architects; it consists chiefly of two blocks of buildings each ·three storeys in height and connected on the principal or east front by others of one storey, in the centre of which is a lofty entrance of three arches, with an entab1ature and parapet, supported on Cminthian columns· and thus forms three sides Qf a square; the south side is devoted to the printing of the various editions of the Bible, which is printed here in many different languages; attached are departments for electro and stereo-typing, in~ making &c. as well as a type foundry, in which all the rare types in use are cast, and a department was added in 1887 in which photo-lithographic, collotype and copper-plate printing are carried on; from the north wing the numerous classical and other works printed by the University, as well a!! the "University Gazette," are issued. On 27 Jan. 1838, a fire broke out in the ·south wing, but the establishment having been provided, in 1830, with a new fire-engine, the outbreak was speedily checked. Controller of the Press and Printer to the University, Horace Hart. The University paper mill is at Lower Wolvercote, about 2 miles north of Oxford. The Clarendon Press Institute, in Walton street, erected in 1893-4, by the Delegates of the- University Press . for the use of their workpeople, at a cost of £5,ooo, is a large structure of brick with freestone dressings, in the Elizabethan style, from designs by Mr. H. W. Moore, architect, and comprises a basement with two floors above ; the basement contains a large room for the boy.s, with smaller rooms about 26 feet square at either end, as well as a bar, kitchen and dining room, caretaker'il aparlmt>nts, cellarage, and the usual offices ; on the first floor is tbe gymnasium, a spacious hall 33ft. by soft. holding albout 8oo persons, including the gallery; the hall is very completely fitted with gymnastic apparatus, and has a gallery on the north side, a room under it an~ a _stage, all of which can he shut off from the gymnaswm and converted into separate apartment!~ on the north fl_ide for the use of the boys and on the south for the girls, fDr whom also a private entrance is -- ·~ • provided; on th-e same .floor are reading and game rooms and on t•he floor above billiard room, library and writing room, bath rooms and caretaker's. apartments, together with lumber and st·orage rooms; t'he building is also provided with lavatories and dressing rooms for the use of those availing themselves of th& gymnasium ; the whole vf the building is lighted with gas and heated by hot water. In the rear of the building is a large open space, available as a lawn tennis court and skittle alley. The Clarendon building, at the eastern end of Broad street, is a state~y but somewhat heavy rectangular structure in the Classic style, erected in 17II-13 from the profits of the sale of Lord Clarendon's " History of the Rebellion," and was designed by Nicholas Hawkesmoor, one of Wren's pupils: the building is pierced by an arched passage way and is approached from the street by a broad flight of steps supporting a lofty portico, with pediment and pillars of the Tuscan order: from October 1713 to September 1830 it served as the University Press, but is now occupied by the offices of the University Registrar and tTniversity Chest, and includes also offices for the use of the Proctors : over the south entrance is a fine statue. o-f Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon and Lord High Ch<ancell:or, in his robes of office. The University Observatory, situated in the New Parks, was erected by the University in 1873-4, for the use of the Savilian professor, from designs by Charles Barry esq. F.R.LB.A., F.S.A. architect, and P. P. Baly esq. engineer, at a cost of about [,3,ooo; the building consi·sts of a square central block flanked by two towers and is placed east and west, the internal length of each side being about 21 feet 6 inches: the we,st-ern or Savilian tower of two storevs contains rooms for calculation and • the great Equatorial 'I'elescope 1 and in the western or De La Rue rower is a magnificent reflecting telescope, presented by Warren De La Rue esq. l\LA., D.O.L., F.R.S. in 1875, with valuable instruments of different kinds, and both towers have revolving domes : the centra.l portion of the building contains a. transit circle, an altazimuth and a reflecting telescope : the Obst:rv'!1· tory also possesses a very fine and powerful spectroscope, and one room is specially set apart fm: astron{)- mical photography. ..A. Library and Lecture Room ha vs since been added at a cost of [,2,500: the Observatory is under the care of Herbert Hall Turner M.A. Savilian Professor of Astronomy. The Radcliffe Observatory, situated in spacious grounds north of the Infirmary, was erected in 1772-5 at a cost of nearly [,3o,ooo, out of funds bequeathed by Dr. Radcli.ffe, and from designs successively furnished by Mr. Henry Keene and Mr. James Wya1:t; the building consists of a central block t'WIJ storeys in height and semi-circular towards the north, with lateral wings, each 69 feet in length, the to1:al length of the principal or ·south front being 175 feet: from the centre rises an octagonal t'Ower, with a conical roof, on the apex of which are figures of Atlas and Hercules· supporting a large hollow globe of metal : the frieze is adorned with sculptures in relief, by Baron, of the eight winds, and on the wall£> under the platform are others representing the signs Df the Zodiac and the sun modelled in Coade's artificial stDne by R{)ssi : the tower generally was designed by Mr. Wyatt from the temple of the winds at Athens; th<e building is amply supplied with astronomical instruments and ap'clrtments for observation and for lectures, and connected with the ea.stern wing by a. covered way is the residence of the Observer, Edw, James Sbone 1\LA. from whom an order must be obtained for admissi{)n, The. Tay·Ior InS'I:itution and University Galleries form a stately pile of buildings at the junction of St. Giles• and Beaumont streets, immediately opposite the- Randolph. hotel, and wa·s erected in 1841-9 from designs by C. R. Cockerell esq. R.A., D.C.L. at a cost of £49,373: the .style adopted is an extremely chaste and elegant variety of Grecian Ionic, reproduced from the temple of Apollo Epicurus, Bassae, near Phygalia, built aoout B.C, 430; the structure consists of two lofty wings of three storeys· each, connected .by a central block of lower elevatjon, in the midst vf which is a tall portico with six columns of the Ionic order, 'SUpporting a richlycarved pediment, bearing on its summit a sitting fi~re of Apollo; the whole incloses three sides M ~ ratsed quadrangle or forecourt facing Beaumont street, and is generally 240 feet in length by 1Q2 feet wide. The University Galleries, occupying the centre and west wing, were built in part from a legacy of £ I,ooo bequeathed by Dr. Francis Randolph, principal of St. Alban Hall from .I759 to 1796, for €recting a building to receive art colOXON. 11* •

' 164 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. lections, and comprise on the ground :floor a :;cnlpture gallery and on tile first floor an ante-room, fireproof gallery and picture gallery ; in the basement are the -Pomfret marbles and in other portions of the building are preserved the Chantrey models; the Chamber~-Hall oollection of drawings and etchings by old mwsters; the celebrated collection of drawings by Raffaele and Michael Angelo, consisting 'Of 277 examples, purchased for £7,ooo; the Fox-Strang-ways, Guise and Penrose collections of old and modern masters; the Turner collection of drawings and sketches, 40 of which were presented in I86r by John Ruskin esq. M . .A. sometime Slade Professor of Fine .Art ; an extensive collection of portraits and many valua,ble casts from the antique. In r888-g the Galleries were extensively enlarged towards Beaumont stre-et, by the addition of two spacious rooms on the ground floor and one in the basement, constructed from plans by Mr. W. H. Moore F.R.I.B . .A. and in 1894 new buildings were erected in the rear for the reception of objects transferred from the .Ashmolean Museum and for the collections presented to the University by C. D. E. Fortnum esq. D.C.L., F.S . .A. .At'tached to the Galleries are the Ruskin Drowing School, founded and end'()wed by John Ruskin esq. M . .A. in 1872 with a sum of £s,ooo and the Oxford School of .Art, carried on in connection with the Central .Art Department 3JI; Kensington ; the Galleries are open daily from 12 to 4, except for s'Ome weeks during the long vacation. .Alexander :Macdonald hon. M.A. Keeper and Master of Drawing School. The Tay~or Institution is contained in the east wing, the principal front of which, facing St. Giles, is relieved by four detached Ionic pillars supporting a deep continuous entablature, on which are placed four heroic statues, persl(mifying Germany, France. Italy and Spain; this insltitution was founded through a bequest '()f Sir Robert Taylor knt. architect and sculptor, who died in 1788, for the. erection of a suitable building and the est1ablishment of a foundation for the teac'hing of European languages : the interior contains six lecture and class rooms, a spacious library 40 feet square and a superintendent's residence ; the leading periodicals of France, Germany and Italy are taken in and may be read in the library, which is open free between the hours of II and 5, with certain exception!!, to members of the University and to literary persons, not being members of the University. by. special permission: re.sident members of the University are allowed to ·take books out of the library : connected with the Institution are four Teacherships of Modern European Languages, a Scholarship and an Exhibition; the general directiQn is in the hnnds of nine curators, who are all charged with the application of funds arising from a bequeSit by William, Earl of Tichester, for the encouragement '()f the study of the Polish and other Slavonic languages : 1. by the delivery of lectures, and 2. by the bestowal of prizes or exhibition's. Heinrich Kre~bs hon. M.A. Librarian. The Indian Insti-tute, situated at the corner of Holywell street and Broad street, on a site purchased from the Warden and Fellows of l\ferton CoUege and erected in 1882-3, was first projected in 1875 by Sir M'onitr Monier-,Villiams K.C.I.E. Boden Professor of Sanscrit, who, in the autumn of that year, and again in r876 and 1883, undevtook a journey to India for the purpose of obtaining the sympathy and aid of the Indian people and government in the establishment, within the University, of an institution specially devoted to Indian studies : this enterprise met with considernbie encouragement, and t'he prop<Jsal h"-Is since received the approval and support of H.M. the Empress of India, H.R.H. the Prince ()f Wales and other dist~nguished persons, and t'he subscriptions amounted in 1883 t'O more than £22,ooo. Of the six houses removed, one st3.nding at the corner, known for many years as " Seal's Coffee House," and mou recently the residence of the late. Professor Donkin, -was built by Sil' John Vanbrugh, the architect of Blenh·eim palace ; the new structure, about half of wh~ch h'as been completed, is constructed of Taynton stone in the Etizabethian -style, from designs by Mr. Basil Champneys, architect, of London : the main entrance is in Broad street, and at the north-west angle, at the junction of the two s.treets, there is an octag'Onal tower, decorated in the second stage with scroll-work and fes~ toons, above which •is an entablature, supp-oflting a lantern storey, relieved by columns, and terminating in a. cupola; the arrangements as to the interior comprise, in the. basement, lan't'Ories, k!itchen, storeroom &c. and on the ground floor three lecture rooms, porter's lodgt> Rnd ve!;ttibule : on the first floor a fire-proof library with oriel windows overlooking Broad street, and a small typical Indian museum and rooms for the curator: on the second fl{)'()r a continuation of these depal'ltments, wita rooms for an ass-istant curaifor, and .above this, bedrooms; in 1892 the Institute was enlarged by the addition of three bays .to the library, with a ·spacious: lecture room below; according to the scheme, theInstutuie, as opporlunity offers, invites distinguished Indian administrators and able Orientalists and Indologists of all nationalities, as well as em'inent natives of India who may visit this country, to deliver addresses in its lecture rooms or library, where conferences and: social gatherings are occasionally held with a view to. more united act~on in arousing an interest in Orientar subjects and in making England and India better ac-- quaint€d with each other; it also aims at drawing togethe-r and assisting the selected candit31tes for the Civr1 Service of India, who are required to reside at a Unf:. versity, and offers advantages to all native students iirom India who occasionally matriculate at Oxford, an!! who are likely hereafter to frequent the University ill greater numbers than they have hitherto done. The library- 1s open during full term from ro a.m_ to 1 p.m., from 5 to 6 p.m., and from 8 to 9 p.m. ; and the museum from 10 a.m. to 4 or 6 p.m. ; it is closed from 16 .Aug. to 14 Sept. and on certain special days. Sir M. Monier-Wilii'ams K.C.I.E., M . .A. hon_ D. C.L. Keeper; .A . .A. Macdone.ll M . .A. Deputy Keeper;. Ern est Sibree M . .A. .Assistant Keeper. The Oxford Union Society's Rooms are situated be.- tween Corn Market and :Xew Inn Hall streets, and are accessible from either. The Society was founded iu 1823 as the " United Debating Society," and its meetings were first held in the rooms of the members. Part of the present site, with a large dwelling house, standing thereon, were eventually purchased and converted to theuse of the Society in 1852: in IB57 a lar~. Debating Room was erected, and a writing room and library wer& added in 1863; and sub-sequently coffee and smoking rooms. In the year r878 the premises were further enlarged by the purchase of a house and large garden: on the west, formerly in the occupation of the late- Proft>ss'Or ·wall, on which a new and more spacious Debating RQom of brick, with terra-C'()tta facings, was erected from designs by .Alfred Waterhouse esq . .A.R..A. The buildings now include, in addition, a fine library (tlhe former debating room), 63 by 33 feet and 62 feet high .. adorned with frescoes from the history of King Arthur, by D. G. Rossetti, '\Yilliam Morris, Arthur Hughes, W. Riviere and others, a Emaller library, connected witli the pveceding by a staircase, a spacious writing rooiiL, with smoking room above, magazine, billiard and newsp"<lper rooms, lavatories, steward's rooms and other!.' office·s. In 1890 the smoking room was re-decorated and newly furnished, under the direction of Mr. G'. Faulkner .Armitage, of Altrincham, and the pan~lled ceiling now displays the arms of all the colleges and halls arranged chronologically : a fine carved oak chimney piece has also been erected, inc1osing in its panelling two fine etchings after Rembrandt and Velasquez; th~t total cost, with other work in the library and offices, i!i estima-ted at about £2,ooo. The northern portion of the site is laid out as a garden with a well-kept lawn and shady trees; the library now contains about 25,ooo volumes, and there are on the books about 8oo subscribing member! : many of the most distinguished men of the present century (including the Marquess of Salisbury K.G. t'he Right Hon. W. E. Glad~tone, the Rt. Hon. G. J. Goschen, late Chancellor of the Exchequer, CaJrdinaJ Manning, Earl Selborne and the late Lord Coleridge) have been presidents or officers of the Society .. the privileges of which are also 16xtended to members of the Camt>ridge and Durham Union Societies and of the Dublin Hi&torical S-ociety, and, on the introduction of a member, to strangers residing in Oxford for a limited period. The rooms are lighted lby the electric light. The Botanic Garden, formerly called the Physic Garden, occupies the site of the ancient Jews' Cemetery of the 12th century, and consists of about five acres, situated on the banks of the OherweUI, opposite Magdalen College: the garden was founded 25 July, 1632, by Henry Danvers, Earl of Danby, and was completed in 1633, at a cost of £s,ooo, the ground being raised to preserve it from floods and the site inclQsed by a high wall; the rusticated Italian gateway, with its statues of Oharles I. and II. was designed by Inigo J ones. In 1728 WiNiam Sherard D. C.L. of St. John's College, and a distinguished botanist, bequeathed to the University his library and valuable herbarium and a sum of £3,ooo, for the endowment of the professorship of bqtany, which then became the S'herardian Professorship, the patronage being vested in tlhe Royal College of Physicians and John James Dillenius D.Med. of St. John's

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 165 Coilege, and "Pmfessor of Botany, HEs~e Darmstadt," was appointed the first Sherardi•an Professor: subsequently in 1]95• John Sibthorp D.~fed. and Sherardian Profes·sor, 1784-96, left funds for the foundation of a chair of Rural Economy, to be he1d by the Sherardian i'rofessor: the Universities Comm'issi<On of 1877 separated the choairs, and the Sherardian Professor now has the charge of the garden. Rlo·bert :Mo.rrison D.Med. Sherardian Professor, r66g-84, Dillenius, Sibthorp and Fielding also bequeathed their ooHections to the gardens, .of which thUJt of Fielding alone consisted of 7o,ooo spedmens; these, with an extensive botanical library, l-ecture-room and laboratories, are oontained in buildings on either side of the. gateway, with a residence fm the Professor, and on the east side are arranged the various conservatories and plant h'Ouses. In r893-4 a new palmhouse, 40 by 30 feet, a succulent house of similar siw, .and two O'ther large glass-houses, together with pot·ting sheds, gardeners' and other offices, connected by a corridor go feet in length, were erected on the site of several old houses near the Cherwell. The Garden is open to members of the University and public on week-days (Christmas Day and Good Friday excepted) from 7 a.m .. to S or 6 p.m., and the library, herbarium and museum are open on week days t<J members of the "Cniversity and others between 10 1Lm. and 4 p.m. on app'lication to the Professor of Botany, Sydney H. Vines M.A. At the ea.st end of Broad street .are premises formerly ()Ccupied by the St. Oatherine's club for non-collegi'<l.te students, which anciently formed part of a chapel, hexagonal in plan, situated near Smi<t:h gate, snd beyond the mo3Jt surrounding the old city wall, and dediooted to St. Mary the Virgin; the portion now remaining has been modernized, but retains a Perpendicular doorway, above whic'h is a mutilated sculpture in five compartments, thre-e of which are canopied ; the figures at either end seem to be intended to represent "The .Annunciation," or, as some think, the "~Iarriage of Si. Catherine." Among the existing remains of extinct academical foundations may be mentioned Black Hall (1361) and Middle ton Hall ( r663), in St. ililes' street, Kettel Hal:l ~ r6r5 ), in Broad street, Sand Ran and others in Holywell, and Biham Hall in Merton street, all of which are now private houses : one window of the refectory, together with the crypt of Tackley Hall, now forms part of the premises occupied by Mr. Boffin, in the High street; the crypt of Knapp Hall, now a wine cellar, is at the t'Op of St. Aldate's street, and iu New Inn Hall street still somnds the gate.way of St. Mary's College, founded by Thomas Holden esq. and Elizabeth his wife, by letiefls patent, 14 Dec. 1435, for Canons of the .Augustinian order; the buildings included a library, hall and chapel, but were dismant-led in rss 6 : the priory was dissolved in 1541, and the .place afterwards became a hall of the University, and next a charity school and almsh<Ouse of the city, called "Bridewell." The University boat home, situated on the Berkshire ~id!e of the river, some distance below the Cherwell, was erected in 1881, in place of the previous building, unfurtnnately consumed by fire almost immediately after its er~-tion; the lower storey is constructed of brick with st<Jne dressings, and has on the north side a spacious balustraded terrace, in the centre of whic!h rises a picturesque gabled building ()f brick and timber work, with eastern and we&tern wings, in the later Engli~h Domestic style; the lower storey is used for the reception of boats, and the first floor contains dressing and other rooms ; the surrounding inclosure is laid out as a garden and adjacent are tennis lawns. On the opposite side of the river above the Cherwell, are m'Oored the various college barges, one or two of which formerly belonged w certain of tlhe London City Companie·s ; these serve as aquatlic club houses, and are arranged within as reading and dressing rooms ; the loargeS't and m'O&t oonspicuous is the University barge, the head quarters of the Oxford University Boat Club, which oontains portraits of distinguished oarsmen, and the Pre-sidentoal chair, made from a section of the victorious boa.t of 1843, when Oxford defeated Cambridge, .Qt Henley, with seven oors·, the blades of which are arranged around the back of the chair. In 1888 a new earge was constructed by Messrs. Sa1ter, for Trinity .()Qllege, from the designs of Mr. H. W. Moore, architect, of Oxford, and in 1892 the Christ Church barge 'Was thoroughly repaired. The Oxford and Cambridge -hoot race now takes- pkl.ce just before Easter on the Thoam:es between Putney and Mortlake ; up to the present date (r8gs) 29 races ha-ve been won by Oxford !llld 22 by Cambridge. THE COLLEGES AND HALLS. There are twenty-one colleges and two (independent) halls, St. .Alban Hall having been in 1882 incorporated with Merton College, and New Inn Hall attached, in June, 1887, to Balliol College, under the provisions of the New University statutes. The Halls are not incorporated bodies, but .their members, as regards the University at large, enjoy the ~ame privileges as members of colleges. Each college has a resident head, under one of the various titles of dean, rector, provost, warden, president, master, or principal, but all the heads of halls are s-tyled principals. The head of a. college is chosen by the Fellows, except in the instance of Christ Church, the dean of which is nominated by the Crown, and Worcester College, the provost of which society is appointed 'by the Chancellor of the University, and Keble College, where the warden is appointed by the council. In one of the two halls which still remain, St. Mary Hall, the Principal is appointed by the Chancellor of the University, but in the case of St. Edmund Hall, the Principal is appointed by the Provost and Fellows of Queen's College: all headships are tenable for life. The Fellows, in conjunction with the head of the college, are in all cases the directors of its internal regulation and the managers of the property and estates of the society: among the past or present members of this body the church preferment attached to the college is distributed, usually though not necessarily, according to seniority as vacancies occur: the remaining members of the several colleges are those graduates who maintain their names upon the books, and the other members of the foundation, including scholars called at Christ Church "junior students," at Magdalen "demies" ("semi socii"), at Queen's "taberdars,'' and a.t Merton "postmasters" (" portionistre "), exhibitioners, bible clerks, chaplains, and a few other special officers, varying in different societies, and the commoners, or undergraduates not on the, foundation; the title of" servitor,•• once applied to a certain class of students of Christ Church, is now no longer used, the servitorships having been converted into exhibitions. Fellows and Scholars are mostly elected 'by the Head and' Fellows, after a competitive examination: some fellowships are vacated by marriage, or by accession to ecclesiastical preferment or to property of a certain amount, but these conditions are not now enforced in the case of Fellowships held under the statutes of r877, otherwise they are tenable for life : scholarships are now generally tenable for five years: at Christ Church, where there is a Capitular as well as a Collegiate body, the Dean is the head of both, the senior students in the latter case corresponding in some respects to fellows in colleges : in colleges with choirs, singing clerks, choristers and organists are also among the members. The college servants consist of the butler, the manciple or steward, cooks and porters, besides others with no special title, but usually known as "scouts," and there are. generally one or more messengers: there are four terms in the year, viz. : Michaelmas term, from 10 Oct. to I7 Dec. ; Hilary or Lent term, from 14 Jan. to the day before Palm Sunday, except that day should be a festival, when the term ends the Monday following: Easter term, from the Wednesday after Easter Sunday to thet Friday before Whit Sunday; and Trinity or Act term, which begins on the day before Whit Sunday and usually ends on the first Tuesday in July, but may be continued beyond that day by congregation: for many professors' lectures, however, and for some other purposes, Easter and Trinity terms are together considered as one. THE COLLEGES. University College. Visitor, the Queen. University College, traditionally said to have been founded by Alfred the Great in 872, was permanently endowed with a sum of 310 marks under the will of William of Durham, Archbishop of Rouen, who died in 1249 : little is known of him, except that he was formerly rector of Bishop Wearmouth, and distinguished equally for his learning and wealth, which he thus especially bequeathed for the support of a considerable number of masters of arts. The society first benefited by the bequest of 1253, and the first statutes bear the date of 1280. An enlarged code was drawn up in 1292. and other revisions took place in 13n and subsequent years. This body of statutes was in force till 1726, when a disputed election to the headship of the colleg~P resulted in the formation of a new code, which remained

166 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. (KELLY'S in force until modified comJiulsorily by the ordinance of 1854, in consequence of the action of the Unversity O:>mmission: since that time there have been two further alterations in the statutes, one in 1872 and the other in r88I. The foundation now consists (according to the new statutes made in 1881) of a. Master, 13 Fellows (including a St,9well Law Fellow, the endowment for wh·)m was provid~d by Lady Sidmouth in 1837), r6 Scholars, and rs Exhibitioners. The principal benefactors to the college have been Henry IV. ; Waiter Skirla\"t', Bishop of Durham; Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland; R01bert Dudley, Earl of Leicester; Sir Simon Bennet bart. ; the Rev. Charles Greenwood; John Radcliffe M.D. and' Dr. John Browne.. The buildings of this college, s-ituate in the High street, have a frontage of 260 feet, broken by two battlemented towers, with gateways approached by flights of steps ; the interior is divided intQ two quadrangles, the first of which, xoo feet :square, has on its south side th{)J chapel and hall; the former was restored by the late Sir Gilbert Scott R.A. in 1862, when the roof was renewed, and a new east window inserted; the wood carving was executed by Robert Barker, in r6g5, and the north and south windows by Van Linge, in 1641; there are monuments to Sir William J ones M.A. d. 27 April, 1794, and to Thomas, son of Sir J. C. Musgrave bart. d. 1822. The hall was completed in 1657 and refitted in 1766; it is surrounded by an arcaded -wainscoting, prolonged at the uppe.r end into fiat triangular canopies with shields, and the walls are hung with numerous valuable :portraits ; in 1892 the interior of the hall was thoroughly renova.ted, and its panelled wainscoting and cornice carefully restored: the exte1·ior stonework, inc:uding the pinnacles, was also renewed; in the same year a new range of kitchen officeS! was built on the site of the. old buildings, then removed. Above the principal gate is a statue of Queen Anne, and upon the inner side a statue of James II. one of the only two statues of this king supposed to exist in England, the other being in Whitehall gardens, London : the second quadTangle, albout Bo feet square, erected chiefly by the benefaction of Dr. Radcliffe, has above the gate, on the exterior, a statue of Mary, daughter of James II. and consort of William I'll. and on the side within the court a statue of Dr. John Radcliffe. .A. new Master's Lodge was erected beyond this quadrangle in 1879• from the designs of Messrs. llodley and Garner, architects, of London. In the common room are busts of King Alfred, by Wilton, and of William Pitt ; md portraits, burnt in wood by Dr. Griffiths, of the Earl of Leicester and Henry IV. The new library was built in :r86o-1, from designs by the late Sir Gilbert Scott R.A. :and is in the Decorated style: it contains fine statues of Lords Eldon and Stowell, who were both members of this college : still more to the west are the new buildings of the college, erected in 1845 from the designs of the late Sir Charles Barry. In 1887 a new tutor's house was built on the south side of the library, and the Radcliffe tower restored, and in 18go the upper portion of the tower above the porter's lodge was restored, the whole being carried out under the direction of }.lr. H. W. M:oore, architect. The memorial to thtl poet Shelley, including the :fine recumbent matble figure by E. Onslow Ford eosq. of which a model wag exhibited :at the Royal Academy in 1892, has been placed in a chamber specially erected for the purpose, from the designs of ~fr_ Basil Champneys, architect, between the old and new buildings of the college, next the High street. The memorial has been presented to the college by Lady Shelley, by whom it wa~ formally tram:- ferred, r~ June, 1893. Shelley entered the college in .April, 1810, at the age of 17, and was drowned, off the coast of Italy, 8 July, J8~2. The roofs of the college building!! were in part re-covered in 1893, and in 1894 three 3dditional sets of rooms were constructed over the Fellows' buildings, from plans by Mr. H. W. Moore, architect. 'fhe college presents to 7 benefices : the income of the college from all sources may be roughly estimat-ed at £ w,ooo. :Rev. James Franck Bright D.D. master; elected in 1881. .A.rthur Dendy B.C.L.- bursar and dean. · . Reginald Waiter Macan M.A. tutor and librarian. . Hubert Murray Burge B.A.' tutor and junior dean. Frank Hesketh Peters- M . .A. tutor and dean of degr-ees. . :Rev. Alexander James Carlyle M . .A.. chaplain & lecturer. • ' ' • · . Balliol College. . '" - - "' - :Visitor, The Right HoB. .Arthu:r Wellesley Peel P.C., ., -:~I. .A. late Speaker Of· the Hous~ of Comtnons-, elected by , tbe college in 1894- · · · - · Balliol College was founded (by intention) between 1263 and 1269 by John de Balliol of Barnard Castle, Durhrm, but actually in 1282, by Devorgilla, his widow. who at that date hired old Ballioi hall, in Horsemonger (now Broad) street, for the reception of the 16 scholar;; d~signated by her deceased husband, fourth in descent from Guy de Balliol, an adherent of the Conqueror, and father of John de Balliol, king of Scotland. The sta.tutes of the college were first drawn up by the founders in 1282 and afterwards added to or modified in 1340, 1346 and 1507. The latest statutes given under the authority of the Oxford University Commissioners came into operation in the year 1882. The foundation now consists of a Master, 12 Fellows, 31 Scholars -and 21 Exhibitioners. The buildings of the college, which have been almost. entirely rlc'built at a cost of £ 1oo,ooo, are now very extensive : the south front, erected in the time oi Henry VI. was wholly rebuilt in 1867-9 in a mixed style of Gothic, under the direction of Alfred Waterhouse ~sq. R.A. and includes a lofty tower, with grained entrance gateway opening into the first· quadrangle, which has the library and chapel on the north, and thB old hall, now a lecture room and undergraduates' library, on the west. The chapel, replacing one built. in 1529, is the fourth since the foundation of the college; it was erected in I856-7, at a cost of £8,ooo, from designs by Mr. W. Butterfield F. S.A. and is in the Decorated style, with bands cf white and coloured brickwork: the stained glass from the old chapel has been replaced: the lectern was presented by Dr. Edward Wilson, in the reign of Charles II. ; the. present organ is a gift of the master: in the ante-chapel are several brasses and other memorials to former members of the college. The old library, which adjoins the chapel, was built at two different periods in the 15th century and refitted in 1792, and is especially rich in illuminated MSS. and rare editions of the scriptures. 'The new library, which is open to the undergraduates, is tlH.t room which formed .the hall of the college before the erection of the new hall. It is fitted as a reading and writing room and contains some interesting SlJecimens of old glass, as well as new stained windows. A passage from this quadrangle leads to a second quadrangle and the garden, which contains some fine. elms. and is bounded on the south by the Fisher buildings, l'l'Pcted in 1769 at a cost of [3,ooo and restored in r877, and by the l\Iaster's lodge, and on the west by the buildings erected in 1825 under the direction <Jf l\Ir _ George Basevi, architect, and north of these by a new block, with a gateway tower, built in 1855, from a design by l\Ir. Sulvin. On the north side is a new hall, a magnificent apartment go by 36 feet, built in the Decorated style, from designs by Mr. \Yaterhouse, the eastern windows of which flame with heraldry; at the west end is a spacious gallery, in which has be.en erected a very fine organ, presented to the college b)i the present master, and on the walls are numerous fine portraits: in this hall was first performed the "Agamemnon" of ..Eschylus, reviv-ed with BO much success in 188o by the undergraduates of this college, which has for many years enjoyed an unusually high :l'eput.ation for scholarship and success in the lis.ts of University honours: in 188g the old buildings next St. Giles' were structurally altered and improved under the superintendence of Mr. H. W. Moore, architect. It presents to 17 benefices, and has an annual income of £8,463 rs. 4d. New Inn Hall, .situated in New Inn Hall street, but now annexed w Balliol Coliegie, was formerly known as Trilleck's Inn, from John Trilleck, Bishop of Hereford, and Thomas Trilleck, Bishop of Rochester, who were successively own-ers of the property from 1349; by the latter these tenements were conveyed to Wiliiam of \Vykeham, Bishop of Winchester, and by him in 139z to New College. New Inn Hall appears to have been firs.t used as a place of academical education in 1438; from r642 to 1646 it was used as a. mint fur melting down the plate which the several colleges and halls gave up in the service of Charles I. ; and it was restored t() its legitimate purposes after yoors of inactivity (though the succession of principals appears never to ha~e been broken), by the Rev. John Anthony Cramer D.D. a.fterwards Dean of Carlisle, who- held the office of principal from 1831 to 1847, and in 1833 erected at his own expense a substantial building of stQUe in the Italian style; this1 however, is only the south wing of the original design, which included a. sta.tely central colonnade, with six pillars of the Ionic order; in 1868 a small· chapel, in th& Gothic style, from designs by the late Charles Buckeridge esq. was erected by the late "principal, i'n rear of th~ building:- ' · · · ·• On the death of the Rev. Henry Hubert Cornish D.D.

• DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 167 late principal, which occurred 9 June, 1887, this hall, by virtue of a statute framed by the University of Oxford Commissioners in x88x, was united to Balliol College, and such members of New Inn Hall as desired to be transferred are now included in the list of members of that colleg'!'. The statute of incorpGration provides that the college shall yearly apply, out of its corporate revenues, J., 150 to enable students being members of the college, and residing in the buildings of the hall, to live at a diminished cost, or to grant a like sum to members of the college in need oi assistance at the University; and this arrangement, so far as the Exhibitions are con0erned, has been adopted, but the buildings are at present disused. Edward Caird, hon. D.C.L., M.A. mast.; elected in 1893. James Leigh Strachan-Dp.vidson M.A.. senior dean and tutor. "\Yilliam Henry Forbes M.A. tutor. Evelyn A.bbott M.A. librarian and tutor. Francis de Paravicini M.A. tutor. .A.rthur Lionel Smith M.A. tutor. Sir Wm.Markby K.C.I.E.,D.C.L. tutor and senior bursar William Ross· Hardie M.A. junior dean and tutor Sir John Conroy hart. :M. A. lecturer. Edwin James Palmer M.A. tutor and junior bursar. John Alexander Smith M. A. tutor Rev. William Hudson Shaw M.A. Merton College. Visitor, The Archbishop of Cant'!'rbury. J'\Ierton College was originally founded as a house of support and maintenance for "20 scholars dwelling in the schools of Oxford, or "l>heresoever else learning shall hapifen to flourish," at l\falden, in Surrey, in 1264, by Waiter de :Merton, Bishop of Rochester and Lord Chancellor of England, and ten years afterwards was transferred to Oxford. Its statutes are of peculiar interest and importance, having formed a model for those framed by all succeeding founders of Collegiate bodies, both in this and the sister University of Cambridge; and portion~ of its buildings are oertainly among the most ancient in Oxford. The college is pleamntly situated in the south-east part of the city in the street of the same name, the principal front, re-faced in 1838 by Mr. Blore, being towards the north: in the centre is an embattled tower, with statues of Henry Ill. and .the Founder, and an elaborate representation: of John the Baptist preaching in the Wilderness, above the gateway: the interior consists of three quadrangles, erected at different periO-ds, the first of which contains, on the left, the warden's lodgings ; on the right, the chapel, with its mt~gnificent east window, and on the south side the hall, built in the early part of the 14th century, refitted and disfigured in x8oo by Mr. Wyatt, but restored as far as possible to its ancient character in 1872, under the care of the. late Sir Gilbert Scott R.A. at a cost of £6,ooo ; it contains, among other portraits, one of the founder, and anothe.r of William Harvey, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, who was some time warden (1645-6). 'fhe inner or principal quadrangle is no feet by 100 and is a good example of the debased style which prevailed in the- reign of J ames I. ; on the south side is a tower displaying four cf the five. orders of architecture ; this quadrangle gives ncce~s to the gardens, inclosed on the south and east by part of the old city wall, beside which is a raised terrace, commanding a remarkably pleasant pro;;- pe.ct over the meadows on the banks of the Cherwell. During the autumn and/ winter of 1643 Queen Henrietta Maria resjded at this college, in the warden's lodgings, and the same rooms wer.e occupied by the Emperor of Russia and his sister when visiting the University in 1814; westward of this hall is the third quadrangle, popularly known as "Mob Quad," and containing o.n .the west and south th~ uniqu~ _librar~, believed to be now the most ancient ongmal library existing in this country; it was built about 1376, and retains the encaustic floor tiling and much of the stained glasG .then placed ; the interior colouring dates from about 1473. A block containing sixteen additional sets of rooms was erected in 1864 in the rear of the chapel, on the east side of the grove leading through to the meadow, from designs by Mr. Iluttexfie]d, and in 1893 oak screens with doors were erecte.d. on the staircases in thi~ building-; in 1892 the st-one roof of the muniment room was restored under the direction of T. G. Jackson e.sq. M.A., F.S.A. architect, and various vther repairs effected. In·-the chapel, which is also the parish chureh of St. John the Baptist, and is more fully treat-ed of unde.r that heading, is a mural monument with bust and inscription to Sir Thomas Bodley knt. founder of the Bodleian library, d. 28 Jan. 1612; also a marble mural monument to Anthony a ·wood, author of ".Athenre Oxonienses," d. 28 Nov. 1695 ; and another marble monument to the late John C{)leridge Patteson D.D. Bishop of Melanesia (I861-71), and a. fellow of the college, who was killed by the •atives at Mukapu, 20 Sept. I8JI. In 1889 the roofs of the buildings in the Fellows' Quad' were partially restored, and during 1893 se-veral chimney stacks were rebuilt-. The statutes given by the founder in 1274 were in force till the commission of 1854, when they were in a great measure superseded by an ordinance which swept away very many of their provisions, but this has now given place to the new statutes sanct.ioned by Parliament in May, 188x, under which the foundation consists of a. Warden, a number of Fellows, which shall not be less than nineteen, and may be raised to twenty-six, tvm Chaplains, eighteen or more. Postmasters and four Exhibitioners; there is also an Exhibition fund, for the purpose of assisting poor students and promoting study among the undergraduate members of the college~ Among the benefactors of this college have been John Wyllyott D.D. chancellor of Exeter, who ~ndowed the "portionistre" or postmasters in 1380, and John Chamber, fellow of Eton College 1582, and canon of Sarum and Windsor, who added one fellowship and two postmasterships for scholars at Eton. The college presents to. nineteen benefices, and has in trust the rectory oi Rushall, Wilts. Its anRual income is estimated at £17,750 liS. gd. St. Alban Hall, situated in Mer·ton street, adjoining and now forming part of Merton College, derived its name from Robert de, St. Alban, a citizen of Oxford~ who conveyed it to the nuns of Littlemore in 1230. On the dissolution of the religious houses it was given by Henry VIII. to George Owen M.D. fellow of M.erton and royal physician, who conveyed it to Sir John Williams (afterwards Lord Williams of Thame) and Sir John Gr~>sham; by them it was assigned to John Pollard and Robert Perrot esqrs. in 1547, and finally by these to the ·warden and Fellows of Merton College, who e;;:lablished it as a hall of the University. The buildings consist chiefly of one quadrangle, with a smaller court contnining a. singular be:ll-tower, of considerable antiquity, at the north-west angle; the principal front was rebuilt in 16oo, at the cost of Benedict Barnham, alderman of London, whose arms are carved in stone over the entrance. In 1865 it was skilfully remodelled by John Gibbs esq. of S.t. Mary Hall, architect, under the auspices of the late Principal, when the quaint and lofty bell-turret was also restored and a chapel added on. the south-west of the quadrangle. On .the resignation, in October, 1882, of the Rev. William Charles Salter :M . .A.. late principal, the hall, by virtue of a statute made by the Oxford University Commissioners in 1881, came into the possession of Merton College and was annexed to it, the resigning Principal receiving a pension from that society. It may now be regarded, therefore, as reverting, though under changed circumstances, to its original masters; indeed, the Principal's lodgings, which are. independent of the hall and were erected in Archbishop Whately's time, are built upon la..'ld the property of Merton College, and the Principal was, in fact, tenant of the college. The Hon. George Charles Brodrick D. O.L. warden, elected in 1881. William Esson M.A. mathematical tutor and s·enr. bursar. William WaUace M.A. tutor and li\brarian. George Rodney Scott ~LA. tutor. · Thomas Bowman M.A. principal of the postmaster~. lecturer, dean and junior bursar. Rev. H. J. White M . .A.. theological lecturer, tutor and chaplain. Waiter Wybergh How M . .A.. lecturer. Arthur Sampson Napier l\LA. sub-warden. Exeter College. Visitor, The Ilishop of Exeter. Exeter Coll€ge wa,s- founded by l\"alt-er de Stapledon, Bishop fJf Exeter,_ in 1314, and was originally called Stapledon Hall: its name was changed to Exeter Hall by Edmnnd Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, who also revised the founder's statutes in 1404: and in 1566 Sir William Petre, who further re.formed the statutes. proeured its erection into a college. Charles I. added one Fellowship for -Guernsey and Jersey in 1636, and Mrs. Shiers two more in IJoo. In 1"852 the Society oon.si:sted of a Rector and twenty-five F~llows, but by the operations of Ule University Commission of 1854 it was re-modelled and

168 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. [ KELLY'S made to co'nsist of a iRector and fifteen Fellows, twentytwo Scholars and nine- Exhibitioners. It has since undergone further change by the new statutes {)f 1882, and now consists of a Rector and twelve Fellows, of 21 or more l''oundation Scholavs a'nd 12 Exhibitioners, but the co~lege may add to the number of Open Scholar~hips or Exhibitions. The college ibuildino-s, situated in Turl street and 0 0 0 Ilroad street, have undergone at d1fferent hmes many architectural changes; the principal front in Turl street, rebuilt in 1703 and again in 1833-4 by Mr. H. J. Underwood, architect, is 220 feet in length, with gables at either end, and in the centre a. tall embattled gateway tower of four storeys, with a grained porch opening into a spacious quadrangle, containing the hall, chapel, rGctor' s lodgings, and chambe·rs of the .fellows and ·scholars. The chapel, rebuilt in 1857-8 (on the site of the former chapel, erected in 1624), at an expense of £17,ooo, from the designs of the late Sir George Gilbert Scott R.A. is similar in de>Sign to the well-known "Sainte Chapelle" ot Paris, and forms a magnificent reproduction of the Early Decorated sty~e: it is about 91 feet in length, 30 wide, and to the grained stone vaulting, 84 feet in height, but the roof rises considerably higher, and has at its Wf•stern end a lofty fieche, the height of which, to ths summit of the vane, is rso feet: the east end is apsidal, with richly stained windows, and ibeneath the·se is an arcading filled with figures of the Apostles and various emblems worked in glas·s mosaic by J. Il. Phi1ip, of London, from designs by 8alviati. At Whitsuntide, r8go, the blank space on the south side, near the apse, was hung with tapestry repre.senting the "Adoration of the l\Iagi," designed by Sir E. Burne '.Tones hart. D.C.L., A.R.A. and exOlcuted under ihe direction of Mr. William Morris 1\f._A. at the tapestry works of ~1:essrs. Morris & Co. l\Ierton, near Wimb:edon; and a, :new altar cloth has 1been worked by the sisterhood of the- Convent of Holy Trinity, on the Woodstock road: an extremely beautiful screen of stone and open iron work separates the chapel from the ante-chapel, which is 20 feet in len(Tth and form& the western bay: in the antechapel are "'memorial brasses, placed in r8g2, to the Rev. Thoma.s Henry Sheppard B.D. fellow and chaplain, d. 9 April, r888; to Henry Townsend Hope, commoner of Exeter, d. 4 Jan. 1892; and to Haro:d Lewis Henry Ffolkes, commoner of Exeter, drowned at King's weir, near ·Oxford, 12 Feb. r·8g2, while endeavouring to save the life of a friend: in a projecting g~llery at this end is placed the. organ, reached by a stair in a turret at the south-west angle: the eagle lectern was presented by the Rev. John Vivian B.D. fellow, r6o6-2g, in r637: on the south side is a memorial window, presented by the Rev. H. F. Tozer ~f.A. a former fellow, I8jo-68, and another -erected: to the memory of the Rev. W. Sewell D.D. fellow !827-74, and sometime sub-rector: in r888 two memorial windows were placed on the north side by members of the ~allege and friends to the late Rev. John Prideaux Lightfoot D.D. for 33 years re'dor of E3:eter College, d. 23 March, 1887. The hall, built in 16r8 by Sir John Acland hart. of Columb-John, Devon, was restored in r8-t8 and 1872: it has a. hi~h-pitched open timber roof, and contains a portrait of Waiter de Stapledon, the founder, painted and presented! in 1789 by the Rev. Wi:Iiam Peters B. C.L. and prebendary of Lincoln ; and others of Charles I. Sir John Acland bart. Sir William Petre knt. LL.D. Mrs. Shiers and many other benefactors ; beneath the hall is the crypt of St. (MildrEd's church, removed c. I488. The li1 brary, situated in the IFellCYW~' garden, was erected in 1856, from designs iby the late Su G. G. Scott R..A. and is a picturesque building in the Early Decorated style, with a •batt~eme·nted tower uf two storeys, sur· mounted by four crocketed pinnacles : on the north siJI' of the chapel is the new quadrangle, built in 1856, all'o n'nder the direction of the late S~r G. G. Scott R.A. with a northern fa<(ade, including a. gateway tower, facing Broad street. The garden is pleasantly laid out, and, although in a central part of the city, is open to the east, where a terrace commands a view of some of the principal buildings of the University. The college premises and site were .furnished with an entirely new system of drainage in r887, and in r888 the roofs of the chapel, the rector's house and other portions of the building were re-covered, the hall repaired and the stone work ge'nerally renovated: other works in connection with the kitchen and warming apparatus were carried out in r8go. This college presents to 10 benefices. Rev. William Walrond Jackson D.D. rector; elected in r887. Lewis Richard Farnell M.A. tutor and dean. Rev. William Sanday M.A. lecturer. .Arch~bald Ilarwell How M.A. tutor and bursar. :Robert Ranulph Marett M.A. sub-rector and: tutor. Rev. Willoughby Ch2trles Allen M.A.chaplain and lecturer. Cyril Bailey Il.A. lecturer. Oriel Cotege. Vhitor, The Queen. Oriel Collecre, founded by Edward II. in 1326, at th~ suggestion ot"' Adam de Ilrome, his almoner, is situa~ed in Oriel s·treet, and consists of two quadrangles, of whrch the first wa& built between the years 1620 and 1648 : on the north side of thi·s quadrangle are the provost's lodgings, on the east the hall and entrance to the chapel, and on the south and west are the rooms of the fellows and students. The St·cond quadrang:e consists of distinct and somewhat irregular buildings, of which those on the eastern side were built in I]Ig, by Dr. John Robinson, Bishop of London : the wester_n wing was er~c~ed by Dr. Carter, provost r7o8-27, and m r8q an add1tlonal block was built on the east side•: the principal front faces the east or Canterbury gate of Christ Church, and has an embattled gateway tower !bearing the arms of Charles I. and a fine oriel window over the entrance: the hall, built in r637, is approached through a porch, reached by a flight of st·eps, above which, in canopied niches, are statues of the Virgin Mary and of Edward II. and III.: the interior is 50 feet long by 20 wide, and has one of the finest timbered roofs in Oxford : it contains portraits of Edward II. (}n his throne, tby Hudson; Queen Anne, by Dahl; the Duke of Beaufort, by Soldi; Joseph But:er, Bishop of Bristol (1738-5o) and of Durham (r75o-2); Sir Waiter Raleigh; William Pierrepont, Earl of Kingston and others. The college also possesses two very curious cups, one giv€n by the founder and the other by Joh'n Carpenter, Ilishop of Wor>cester, in 1476. The chapel, begun about r637 and finished in 1642, was restored in 1678, I8r8 and 1833, and is like the rest of the college, in the mix€d style adopted at Wadham College and the Bodleian Library, and followed in the inner quadrangle of 'MertO'n and in se;veral other buildings throughout the University. The western ante-chapel forms a transept similar to th(}se of the chapels at ~!erton, New, :Miagdalen, All Souls and Wadham, though on a much smaller scale. The original Jacobean stalls and panelled ceiling remain; but the screen is a later work, dating, probably, from the time of Charles II. together with the carved communion rail of cedar wood and the b~ack and white marble pavement. In r884 the chapel was re·S'tored under the direetion of Mr. T. G. J ackson ~LA., A.R.A., F.S.A. whm the screen was removed further •to the west, stained glass, designed by Mr. Wooldridge, was placed in -the east window and in windows on the north side, aad an organ was erected over a loft at the west endt; it has a brass lectErn, given by .Mr. Robert Naper or Napier B.A. in 1654· There are monuments to Henry Edmunds D.O.L. d. 10 June, 1746 and George Carter D.D. provost, r7o8-27. At the north end of the second quadrangle. is the library, built b_y Wyatt in 1788 and one of the best examples of the Iomc order in Oxford : under the library is the common room. containing a valuable collection of portraits : on 13 Dec. r8oo, a fire broke out in the college·, but was speedily checked: on the night of the 24 April, r8or, a more serious conflagration occurred in rooms over the passage between lihe two quadDangles: in r8go new gables were erected over th-e dining hall and chapel in the front quad, and the parapets of the latter renewed. The fir~ body of statutes, probably framed by Adam de Ilrome himself. was granted by the founder in 1326 ; and a second code was added in the same year by Ilishop de Burghersh, of Lincoln. Bishop de Burghersh's statutes governed t-he college tri.ll 1726, when a disputed electien brought the question into the- law courts and the original statutes were restored! after having been in abeyance for exactly four centuries. Like other colleges, it received an ordinance from the University Commissioners in r854. but its election had previously been so much more open than those of many other colleges that its constitution did not underg(} so decided a change as that which occurred in some other societies. It is now governed by statutes framed under the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act of 1877, and the foundation now consists of a Provost, r2 Fellows, includ!ing two Professor Fellows, ro or more Scholars, 2 Exhi!bitioners and two Bible Clerks, and there are certain other minor Exhibitions. The college presents -to 15 benefices, and has an estimated annual income of £r3,582 rs. I rd. David Ilinning Monro M. A. provost; elected in 1882. Rev. Arthur Gray Butler M.A. tutor. Rev. Francis He'nry Hall M.A. dean and tutor. Rev. John Richard King M.A. tutor. John Cook Wilson iM.A. tutor . Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phi:llps M.A. tutor. Langford Lovell Frederick Rice-Price, treasurer. Francis Charles Montague M . .A. sub-dean and librarian. •

DIBEOTOl\Y ,J OXFORDSHIRE. OXFOBD, 169 Queen's College. Visitor, The Archbishop of York. Queen's College, situated on the 'north side of the High street, opposite University College, was founded in 1340 ny RobeTt de Eglesfield, chaplain and confe~>sor to Philippa, queen of Edward Ill. from whom its name is derived; and successive queens of this kingdom have been its especial patronesses. The bui:dings consist of two quadTangles of unequal size, separated by the hall and chapel, between which a lofty vaulted corridor unites the two. The principal front facing the High street, built in 1750-6, presents, at either end, the southern termination of the east and west sides of the great quadrangle : these are of three storeys, and terminate in an enriched pediment, surmounted by fine statu~s in stone, of Jupiter, Apollo, Geography, Mathematics, Medicine and Religion: a continuous rusticated arcade connects the two wings, in the centre of which, approached lby a flight .of steps, is a gateway of similar character, and above it an open cupola, supported by columns, containing a statue of Queen Caroline, consort of George II. : the entire front was renovated during the vacations of 1845 and 1846 : the southern, or great quadrangle, begun in 1710, is entered immediately from the street, and has on the east and we;;;t sides students' rooms, and on the north side the chapel and hall: and a vaulted ambulatory, carried on a series of semicircular arches, surrounds every ,side but the 'north: the hall and chapel form a continuous pile of building and have a southern facade of considerable stateliness, divided by pilasters of the Doric order, supporting an enta.blature and balustrading: on either side of the archway dividing them are two circular pillars of the same order, sustaining a pediment, above which rises a bell-turret with a cupola of the Corinthian order: the chapel is 100 feet long by 30 wide, and the ceiling, painted by Sir James Thornhill, represents the " Ascension;" the altar-piece is a copy by Cranke of "La Notte" (the Night), Correggio's celebrated picture in the Dresden gallery: the east end is apsidal, and its centre window is filled with a copy, in stained glass, by Joshua Price, of Carlo :Maratti's " Holy Family;, the other windows are filled with glass by Van Linge, dating from 1635, and removed from the former chapel; and some of an earlier date: the eagle lectern dates from 1662 : the screen, of fine po:ished oak, has carvings by Grinling Gibbons: above it is a gallery, containing a large and very powerful organ : in the muniment room are brasses, one of which is supposed to represent the founder, tJut more probably Dr. Robert Langton, who enlarged the chapel, c. 1518: another to Henry Robinson, provost, a'nd Bishop of Carlisle, 1616; and one to Henry Ayray S.T.P. provost, 1598-1616: the hall, 6o feet by 30 feet, was tJuilt in 1704-14, and is ~aid to have been designed by Sir Christopher Wren: the walls are hung with portraits of the founder, Queen Philippa, Edward the Black Prince, Henry V. Charles I. and his queen, Queen Caroline, Queen Charlotte, Addison and various others : in the gallery at 1:he west end of the ball are portraits of six queens, given to the college by GtJorge Clarke D.C.L. fellow of All Souls, and M.P. for the University, 1685-7; with others of Edward III. Hmry V. &c. : the whole of the south side of the hall and chapel has been restored with Bath stone: the northern quadrangle consists of students' rooms only, and is bounded on • two sides by Queen's lane: the library, 123 feet by 30 feet and '55 ,feet i'n height, is situated on the west side : it was erected in 1692-4, a'nd contains a large orrery, presented to the college in 1f"63, and is particularly rich in heraldic and genealogical ~S. : the ancient deeds- rela;;- ing to the college property are also v~ry numerous : and the library contains besides, two ancient portraits on glass of Henry V. and Cardinal Beaufort : in the buttery of the college is a drinking horn, said to have been pre- .sented to the society by Queen Philippa, and remarkable both for its antiquity and 'beauty: it is richly mounted in silver gilt and has the word "\Vacceyl" inscribed three times on each hoop. The members of this college are called to dinner every day ·by the sound of a trumpet, a custom coeval with the foundation; another custom still .observed with much ceremony, and always attracting a large number of spectators, t.akes place every Christmas day, when a huge boar's head, crowned and "bedecked with bays and rosemary," is carried in procession into the hall, preceded by the Provost, Fellows, and College Choir, singing the well-known carol '' Caput apri defero ; " on New Year's day, dinner being ended, the bursar goes in succession to each fellow at table and presents him with a needle and thread, saying, "Take this and be thrifty," as a memorial of their founder, the words " Aiguille et fil'' (needle and thread), from which the custom is supP~>sed to have been derived, forming a rebu:i on the name " Eglesfield." This college was originally an e ssentially North Country college, and was founded especially for the purpose of theological study as we:l as to ensure a succession of masses for the souls of the founder and his family, Edward Ill. Queen Philippa and all benefactors : its statutes were in some measure modelled on those of .Merton and Oriel, but are full of minute directions relating to quaint and trifling observances, many of which have long been Qlbsolete. In 1736 the foundation received an important addition by the devise of land in the. counties of Kent and Berks, for the endowment of eight fellowships, four scholarships and four exhibitioners. The JI.Iichel foundatian, however, as this addition to the original society was called, from the name of Its founder, John iMichel esq. all but disappeared by consolidation with the original foundation, undt:r an ordinance framed by the University Commissioners in 1858. By the new statutes of 1882, the constitution of the college was aga.in re-modelled, and: consists of a Provost, from fourteen to sixteen fellows, of whom nine or ten are official; and from twenty to twenty-five scho:ars, eight of these retaining the ancient name of " Taberdars," and four or five being called " Eglesfield scholars," who must be. natives of Cumber land or Westmorland; besides two Bible clerks, a large number of exhibitioners and the usual college officers. On the r8th Dec. 1778, a fire broke ont in the attic storey of the west wing of the buildings of the great quadrangle, destroying the whole of the roof. In r887 a portion of the rooms on the same side of the quadrangle was again destroyed by fire, but has since been rebuilt. The college presents to 26 benefices, and has an estimated yearly income of about £r2,ooo. The Rev. John Richard ~!agrath D.D. provost; elected in 1878. Edward Armstrong M.A. lecturer and senior bursar. Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose l\I.A. senior tutor, precentor, dean and senior chaplain. Henry William Gegg Markham M.A. lecturer. Rev. Edward Mewburn Walker ~LA. tutor, librarian, as. sistant chaplain and precentor. Albert Curtis Clark M.A. tutor. Thomas Wil~iam .A.llen M.A. lecturer Charles Bathe Grant ~LA. lecturer, junior bursar and assistant dean. Rev. Arthur He'nry Saint Pattrick ~LA. junior chaplain. New College. Visitor, The Bishop of Winchester. New College, placed in a secluded position betwem Holywell street and Queen's lane, was founded 5 March, 1380, under letters patent of Richard II. issued 30 June, in the preceding year, by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor, and the society solemnly entered into possession of the buildings 14 April, 1386. Wykeham also founded, a college at Winchester in 1387, whence, on its completion in 1393, the vacancies in the fellowships in this college were to be fil:ed up. The foundation consisted originally of a Warden, seventy fellows and scholars, ten chaplains, three clerks, and sixteen choristers. Of the seventy described as " l''ellows and Scholars" all were elected from the foundation of Winchester College: those of the founder's kin becoming actual fellows at once and others being elected fellows after being scholars for two years. By the new statutes framed by the Commissioners of the University of Oxford in r881, and approved: by the Queen in Council, 3 May, 1882, provision is made for a ·warden, fellows and scholars : the fellowships being of three classes, viz., " Professor-!Fellowships," "Tutorial-Fellowships" and '' Ordinary-FeiTowships," and the Scholarships of two classes, Winchester and Open Scholarships. The Pro~ fessor-Fello"ff'ships are to be five in number; the TutorialFellowships are not to exceed ten in number; and the Ordinary-Fellowships are to be not less than fourteen, nor more than will make up the whole number of fellowships to thirty-six. The 1Vinchester Scholarships are to be fiEed by the election of boys receiving education in the school of Winchester College, no distinction being made between members of the foundation and boys not members thereof. The \Vinchester Scholarships are to be as many as will enable six scholars to be. elected in each year. The Open Scholarships are to be open to general competition, and to be so many in number as to allow four Scholarships and 'no more to be filled up in each year. There are at present (r895) 22 fellows and 40 scholars. The buildings consist chiefly of three quadrangles, in the first af which, 168 by 129 feet square, entered by the principal gateway in New College lane, are the hall, chapel, library, and warden's lodgings. A third storey was added to the building of this quadrangle

• IiO OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. [KELLY'S in 1675 !' a. short vaulted pa~sage, ()n the left of the gateway, leads to the ante-chapel, 8o foot by 36 feet, and divided into three aisles, supported by lofty pillars : the great west window of seven lights contains paintings of ''The Nativity," with the four cardinal and three Christian virtues, by Jervais, from designs by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; and some of the surrounding windows still retain the glass placed in them by the !founder : besides various mural monuments, there are on the floor of the antechapel not less than twenty-five brasses, including a very fine brass, with effigy, full vested, to Thomas- de Cranleigh, •Warden, 1389-95, and Archbishop of Dublin, 1397. The choir, or chapel proper, 100 feet long by 35 feet wide and 65 feet high, is separated from the ante-chapel by a screen, abov·e which is placed a magnificent organ, rebuilt, with additions by Willis, in 1875, and containing 33 •stops and nearly 3,ooo pipes: the very fine stained windows on the south side are Flemish, and are supposed to have been encuted by pupils of Rubens: the windows on the north side, representing prophets and apostles, are by Peckitt, of York, and were placed in 1765 and 1774: the east -end, originally filled by a magnificent tabernacled screen, adorned with statues, was defaced· and ibuilt up in the early part of the reign of Queen Eliza- •beth, by direction of Robert Horne, Bishop of Winchester, but in June, 1789, the tiers of canopied niches were re- .stored in plaster, under the direction of Sir Joshua Reynolds and James 1Vyatt, the architect, and so remained until 1876, when the restoration of the interior of the chapel was begun, and included the complete renewal of the tabernacle work of the. screen in stone, and the replacement of the groups and figures, with which, so far as could· be ascertained, it was once adorned : this important work, by the liberal contributions of members of the college, was completed in 18gz, from the designs of Mr. J. L. Pearson F.S . .A. architect, and the whole now present.s, from the apex of the roof downwards, a complete illustration of the" Te Deum." In a recess in the wall on the north sid-e. of the chapel is preserved the pastoral staff of the founder, elaborately worked in silvergilt and enamelled, and nearly 7 feet high: the chapel was partly restored in 1789 by Wyatt, and in 1879-80 the roof was completely renewed, a new and elaborate organ ~ase constructed and the stall work restoreo, under the direction of the late Sir Gi:bert Scott R.A. : westward of the chapel are the cloisters, surrounding an area of 175 feet by 85 feet, consecrated as a burial-place for the college 9 Oct .. 1400, by R()bert Calder, Bishop of Dunkeld: these have a singular ribbed roof of oak wood and contain numerous mural monuments: in 1888 the cloister roofs were extensively re-covered with Stonesfield slates. The hall adjDins the chapel on the east and is 79 feet long by 33 feet wide, with a height of so feet: the screen and wainscoting were the gift of Archbishop Warham, in 1504; and both this and the windows are adorned with shields of arms.. The original roof, constructed in 1386, was taken down about 1795, aHd replaced by a flat covered ceiling, utterly out of keeping with the architecture of so ndble a room. In 1866 this was replaced by a magnifici-ent oak roof, from timber grown on the college estates. and very effective stained glass placed in the windows, at a total cost of £6,ooo. On the walls are hung many portraits of college worthies, including the founder, William of Wykeham, Archbishop Chichley, Bishops Waynfl.eet, Ken and otherso: the momment tower, kitchen and ·bursary, remain, for the most part, as first erected: the library, 70 feet 1by 22 feet, consists uf two apartments, and was refitted by Mr. \Yyatt. The garden court, built after the manner· of Versailles, is terminated ·by an iron palisade and gates, 130 feet in length, said to have been brought from Canons, at Little Stanm-ore, in Middlesex, the once spl-endid seat of J:nnes (Brydges), 1st Duke of ·Chandos. The gardens, charmingly retired, are beautifully planted with a large variety of trees and shrubbs: in the centre is a lofty mound, <thickly grown with deciduous trees and evergreens, the lawns around which are shaded on the south and east sides by avenues of ancient limes and magnificent chestnuts; and on the west stands a box sun dial: the north and east sides are bounded by the old city wall, with its crenellated 'bastions, postern and" alure" or parapet walk, still intact: at the south end is an Ionic temple : north of -the chapel is a slip o-f ground called the "Slipe," nt the end of which stand~ the tower: it is of five stages vvitb an embattled parapet and angle turret, a'nd contains a very fine peal of 10 bells, dated respectively 1712 (2), 1:655, 1703• 1672 and the rest IJ'23': ·between the old city wall and Holywell street is the third quadrangle, the buildings of which, so far as at present erected, occupy ,the noTth side only, with a frontage in Holywell street of -273 feet : tht>y are of four tttoreys, in· the Peq)endicnlar , Jlt]le, and were built in 1872-5, at a cost of. £2o,ooo, from designs by the late Sir Gilbert Scott R..A. During 1&82, extensive alterations were made in the ii itch en v.-ing. chiefly with a view of restoring the kitohen to its original proportions and refitting its various offices: this work has been acc-omplished under the direction of Messrs. Wilkinson and Moore, architects. The college presents to 40 benefices, and the warden to one, the Yic-arage of Oolerne, Wilts : the estimatEd annual income of the college is £30,-J.41 17S. 5d. Rev. James Edwards Sewell D.D. warden; elected in 186o. Rev. Hereford Brook George M_.A. dean of arts. lecturer, senior bursar nnd precentor. Arthur Octavius Prickard M . .iL lecturer. Rev. William Archibald Spooner M . .A. tutor and dean of divinity. John Baron ~foyle D. C.L. tutor and junior bursar. Edward Harold Hayes M.A. tutor. David Samuel Margoliouth •M.A. lecturer and librarian. Percy Ewing ~Iatheson M.A. tutor and dean. Gilbert Charles Bourne M.A. sub-warden. Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher M.A. tutor. Horace William Brindley Joseph M.A. tutor. Edward Ashton St. Hill M.A. tutor. Lincoln College. Visitor, The Bishop of Lincoln. Lincoln College was founded by Richard Flemyng, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1427, but in 1479, Thomas Scot, better known by his surname-Rotherham, Archbishop of York-became so considerable a benefactor, as to be denominated a second founder. It is situated in Turl street, in the space between All Saints' ChuTch and Exeter College, and preserves, more than any other collegiate edifice, its original character, being now the only college in Oxford to which a third storey has not been added. It consists of two quadrangl€s ; the northern, 8o feet square, entered from the street by an embattled gateway tow€r; it was completed about 1457, but the original windows were replaced by square windows in the r8th century. It contains the hall, 42 feet long by 25 feet wide, with a louvre on the roof; it was built in 1436 and repaired in 1701 and 1835, and in 1889 the plastered ceiling was removed and the fine oak tim her work of the roof opened out and restored~ under the superintendence of T. G. Jackson esq. 1\LA.., A.R.A., F.S . .A..; the walls are hung with portraits -of the founders and of Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham. formerly rector of the college; Dr. John 'Yilliams~ Archbishop of York, 164r-5o; Sir Nathaniel Lloyd kt. master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1710-35; the Rev, Edward 1'aiham D.D- and the Rev. John Radford D.D. former rectors, as well as of other college worthies; the library was fitted up in 1739 at the cost of Sir N. Lloyd, and re-floored in 1888 ; it contains a MS. C{)py of Wyclif's Bible; the rector's lodgings and the common room are here; also over the passage between the outer quadrangle and the chapel quadrangle are the rooms occupied by John 'Vesley, when fellow. An extra wing, containing fifteen sets of rooms, was erected in 1882 eastward of this quadrangle, from designs by T. G. Jackson esq. M.A., A.R.A., F.S . .A.. The main building of tbis wing runs east and west, abutting upon the ancient dining hall, and Dn the site of " the. Grove," with a wing extending at right angles to Erasenose lane. These replace a building erected in 1759• the moms of which had become so dilapidated, besides being very small, that it was necessary to remove the whole ; the new block contains, in addition, lodgings for a Fellow, with servants' offices and other adjuncts, including extensive premises in the basement. Th~ old kiichen is joined to the offices in the basement by a subway, and these will be found most convenient additions to the culinary department and st.orage room!)". The new wing consists of a ground floor and first and second storeys, approached by three staircases. N earesl the old building the gateway opens into a passage which traverses the structure from north to south. Over this is an elegant oriel window of novel design supported on handsome moulded corbels. On either side there is a double gable, the windows of the second storey having bold pediments. The north front is mu<:h plainer in design and is treated somewhat differently. Where tbe two buildings meat there previously existed a windo~, which was blocked up on the exterior and -concealed within by the panelling erected by Lord Crewe in 170l; the original tracery of the old work remains, howev-er, in a p€-rfect state of 'pres-ervation. The total co.slt has \)een abou~ £ fJ>GOO... Th&- -south -trnnt -itl- faced , with Handborough stone, and the north with red . bricl>.

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD • 171 . • coursed with ashlar. All the dressings are of stone from the Clipsham quarries, the staircase being of Portland and the landings of Castlehill flags. A range of buildings for lavatories &c. has also been erected in the Fellows' gardens, and is approached by a corridor from the old Grove gardens. Facing its main building a new wing to the rector's lodgings was erected in 1885, from designs by Messrs. Wilkinson and Moore. The inner court was begun in 1610 and completed in 1631 ; it is 70 feet square and contains the chapel, 62 feet long by 26 feet wide, erected in 1631' at the expense of Dr. Williams, Bishop of Lincoln and afterwards Archbishop of York; the ceiling is of cedar, .embellished with the arms of the founders and principal benefactors; the screen, also of cedar, is richly carveli ; the windows are filled with rich and brilliant glass, said to have been brought from Flanders in 1629-31 by Archbishop Williams; the four windows on the northern side contain figures of twelve prophets and four on the south side the twelve apostles : the east window is divided into six compartments, in which are represented subjects from the Old and New Testaments, con:sisting of six types with their anti-types, viz. : I. The Creation of Man and the Nativity of Christ; 2. The Israelites passing the Red Sea and the Baptism of Christ; 3· The Passover and the Institution of the Lord's Supper; 4· The Brazen Serpent in the Wilderness and Christ on the Cross; 5· Jonah issuing from the Whale and t.he Resurrection ; 6. Elij ah in the Fiery Chariot and the Ascension. The common room was newly fitted up in 1816, and in 1818 the whole front was repaired and improved by the introduction of appropriate Gothic windows. The Rev. John Wesley M.A. founder of the Methodist connexion, was elected to a Fellowship here from Christ Ohurch, 17 March 1726; the rooms occupied by him when resident are between the first and second quadrangles; he died 2 March, 1791. The foundation of this college has undergone less change than some others at the hands of the University Commissioners. Its fellowships, with the exception ol one which was restricted to the diocese of ·wells, were previously open to the old dioceses of York and Lincoln, which comprised nearly half of England. All the fellowships and most of the scholarships are now open without limitation. The present foundation, in accordance with statutes enacted in 1855• consists of a. rector, 12 fellows· and 14 scholars on the Foundation; other scholarships, added from time to time from the proceeds of two suspended fellowships, make the whole existing number up to twenty-two. The college presents to 9 benefices, and its yearly income is estimated at £7·778 3S. 3d. Rev. William Waiter Merry D.D. rector. William Warde Fowler M.A. sub-rector and tutor. John Arthur Ruskin Munro M.A. tutor and librarian. Owen Morgan Edwards M.A. lecturer. James Williams D.O.L. lecturer and bursar. Waiter Garstang, M.A. lecturer. Reginald Carter M.A. tutor All Souls College. Visitor, the Archbishop of Canterbury. The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford, commonly called All Souls College, was founded by King Henry VI. by a patent of foundation bearing date 20 May, 1438. With him was associated as eofounder Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, by whom the college was endowed and its statutes issued, 2oth April, I443· The college was expressly declared to be founded for study and prayer, not only for all the souls Df the faithful departed, but especially for the souls of Henry V. King of England and France, of Thomas Duke of Clarence and of other noble and faithful subjects of the realm who died in the French wars; and otherwise to promote the study of philosophy and arts, of theology and of the civil and canon law. To this end its statutes required that of its forty Fellows twenty-four should graduate in arts and philosophy, and be called 4 ' artists," and sixteen in civil law to be called "jurists." John l>ruell, Archdeacon of Exeter, and Roger Keyes, both afterwards fellows, were the archit~cts of the college, which is situated on the north side of the High street, westward of Queen's college, and consists of three quadrangles.- The principal front, 194 feet in length, in. the High street. is of two storeys, with an embattled parapet, and h~s entrances t.o the east and west quadrangles, the latter being through a gateway tower with battlements and an angle turret; over the entrance a'rch are thre~ 'canopieil niches; · conta:inin~ ·atatues of the founder and ()f Henry VI. and a bass relief of the Resurrection. The old or western quadrangle, 124 feet by 72, remains nearly in the same state as when first erected ; on its northern side is the chapel approached by an exquisitely vaulted passage way at the north-west corner, leading to the antechapel, 70 feet by 30, on the pavement of which are brasses to Philip Polton B.C.L. with effigy in cope, 1461 ; Richard Speckynton LL . .B. fellow, with effigy in academicals, r 490 ; and David Lloyde LL.B. and Thomas Baker S.C.L. with demi-effigies, 1510; and there are mural monuments to George Clarke D.C.L. and 1\I.P. fQF Oxford University r685-7, d. 22 Oct. 1736; and the Hon. and Rt. Rev. Edward Legge D.D. warden I8I7-27, and Bishop of Oxford, I8I5-27. A heavy screen of Italian character, erected about x664, at the cost of Sii' William Portman bart. separates the ante-chapel from the choir, the dimensions of which are nearly the same_ Between 1664 and 1715 the chapel was extensively renovated in the Italian style, the open-timbered roof converted into a fiat ceiling and decorated, and the mutilated reredos plastered over and painted by Robert Streeter with a fresco of the "Last Judgment;" in 1715 t.his was obliterated by a painting of the "Assumptioil of the Founder," by Sir James Thornhill; and Raphael Mengs' fine picture of the ":Noli me tangere," set up as an altar piece, with costly pilasters of marble on either side supporting a pediment. In 1872-6 the chapel was carefully restored under the direction of the late Sir Gilbert Scott R.A. when the stalls were cleared of paint, the fine hammeJ:"-bsam roof again opened and decorated in gold and oolourj the whole of the mcongruous work at the east end removed, and the original and magnificent reredos, a spl€ndid work of the xsth century, which had been concealed behind the frescoes and forgotten, completely restored, chiefly by the munificence of the late Earl Bathurst, a fellow of the college. This superb work, executed at a cost of £3s,ooo, is probably the finest of its kind in this country : it consists chiefly of three tiers of elaborately canopied niches, containing thirty-five statues, embracing apo~tles, fathers of the church, ecclesiastics, kings and nobles; anci besides these nearly one hundred statuettes, comprising all the leading characters in Old and New Testament hist{)ry; immediately over the communion table is a representation of the Crucifixion, and above all, in the apex of the roof, a group representing the last Judgment; the whole of these figures, exquisitely carved, are the work of Mr. E. C. Gefio~ski, of London. In the east quadrangle is the hall, begun in 1729, from the designs and under the superintendence of Dr. George Clarke; it contains a large picture of. "The Finding of the Law," by Sir James Thorn-hill, and numerous portraits, among which are those of Henry VI., Archbishop Chichele, .Archbishop Sheldon, .Archbishop V ernon, Colonel Codrington, founder of the lib:rary, Sir William Blackstone, Sir Christopher Wren, Young, the poet, and many others; and there are also here busts of Ohichele, and Dr. Reginald Heber, Bishop of Calcutta 1823-7. Adjoining the hall are the buttery and kitchen ; in the former is a bust of Giles Bennett, manciple, and another of Nicholas Hawksmoor, the architect; here is also a very curious and ancient salt-cellar of silver gilt, supported by an armed figure, and given to the college by a descendant of the Chichele family. A passage way between the hall and chapel conducts to the great or north quadrangle, 172 feet by 155, built in 172o-6o from the de8igns of Nicholas Hawksmoor ; the eastern side, comprising the common room and fellows' chambers, is relieved in th.e centre by two lofty embattled towers, with crocketed pinnacles, in a debased Gothic style; each surmounted by a species of lantern of two stages: the towers are united by a screen or fattJ.de of the same chorader, and from their singularity, form a -well-known feature in all views of Oxford; on the west side extends a piazza, connecting the chapel and library, with a curious but picturesque towered gateway in the centre, leading to the Radcliffe square; on the north side is the library. about 200 feet long by 33 wide, built in 172o-6o Wlder the direction of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd kt. and Dr. Clarke. from a ~quest of £to,ooo by Col. Christopher Codrington ~f.A. fello-w of All Souls, 16gc, and. governtlr -vf the Leeward Islands, I697-1703, who died 7 April, 171o. and is buried in the ante-chapel ; it contains upwards of 6o,ooo volumes and is surrounded on three sides by a gallery above the cases, in which are 24 busts of some of tha most eminent fellows of the college, cast in bronze by Sir Henry Cheere, knight : in the cent-re is a planetarium, kept in motion by machinery, and a statue of Colonel Codrington, also by Cbeere. The a.ntelibrttry, has som~ ancient stained glass,. ~trral wit~ the foundation of the' college. This library is especially •

171 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. rich in works relating to jurisprudence, for the par· ticular study of which a reading room with access from the Radcliffe square was built in 1867, and is open to graduates, barristers on the Oxford circuit, and to other persons properly recommended, in full term, from IO a.m. to 4 p.m .. and during vacation till 3 p.m., but closing at I on Saturdays: it is entirely closed during August and September. At the eastern end of the library is a fine statue in marble by Baeon, of Sir William Blacksto'le kt. Justice of the King's Bench and Common Pleas, removed here from the ante-chapel. The large and extremely fine sun-dial here, said to be the first in England, constructed so as to show the minutes, was erected in I653, and bears the motto "Pereunt et imputantur." The warden's residence, a modern mansion, adjoins the east quadrangle, and has a frontage towards High street, and a garden in the rear. 'l'he college has iong been and will still remam & foundation dilferent in character from the other colleges in the university. Under the new st'<ltutes of the college, which came into operation May 3, 1882, the Profe~soriate in the Faculty of Law will be largely endowed from its revenues, and its fellowships will be mainly devoted to the encouragement of the studies of law and modern history, and partly also in aid of research. Provision is made by these statutes for a warden, fifty fellows, two chaplains and four bible clerks, but there are no other undergraduates. The college presents to IS benefices, and its annual income is estimated at £18,o86 18s. gd. Sir William Reynell Anson hart. D.C.L. warden, elected in r881. Henry Ofiley Wakeman M.A. estates bursar Rev. Francis Grenvill'e Cholmondeley M.A. sub-warden Rev. Arthur Caley Headlam M.A. chaplain and domestic bursar. Chm·les William Chadwick Oman M.A. librarian. Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson :M.A. chaplain. Magdalen College. Visitor, the Bishop of Winchester. Magdalen College was founded in June, 1458, by William of Waynfiete, bishop of ·Winchester, to whom the buildings of the suppressed hospital of St. John the Baptist were granted by Henry YI. in 1457: but these being too small for the reception of the· society, he resolved to enlarge them and the foundation stone of the new college was laid 5 May, 1473, by William Tybard B.D. at that time governor of the new society, in the presence and with the aid of Robert Toly, bishop of St. David's; and the work of erection was completed in about seven years. The college is beautifully situated at the eastern extremity of the city, and is bounded on that side by a branch of the river Cherwell, the main stream of which, passing under l\lagdalen bridge, turns to the right, and winds through the meadows beyond: on the south the buildings extend t-o the High street, and on the other sides they are shut in by the premises of the college school, and by Nagdalen grove. The extreme length of the college from north to south is 570 feet and from east to west 330 feet; it comprises at present three quadrangie>J, the principal of which has double sets of apartments on three sides, and is surrounded by a cloister. The entrance to the first court, or St. John's quad, was until lately through an elegant gateway in the Decorated style immediately opposite the west end of the chapel and erected in 1844 at a cost of £6oo from a design by Pugin; this gateway, which replaced the Jacobean Renaissance gateway built on the same site in 1635, was removed on the erection of the new quadrangle in x88r-3, and in its place a new gateway has been erected from the designs of Messrs. Bodley and Garner, on a fresh site in a line with and immediately adjoining the western end of the High street, or south front, which, in I 892, was extensively repaired, and new sets of rooms formed, under the direction of Mr. E. P. Warren, architect, of London; the President's lodgings, rebuilt in I887-8 from the designs of the same architects, inclose the south side of this court, the east side <If which, an elevation of singular richness and variety, comprises the west end of the chapel with its highlywrought porch, the cloister tower, and the great gateway or founder's tower, with its beautiful two-storied oriel, flanked on either side by two niches, containing statues of Waynflete, St. Mary Magdalen, Henry VI. and St. John the Baptist. In the south-western angle of this court is an ancient canopied stone pulpit, from which a sermon was annually preached on the festival of St. John the Baptist, a custom long since discontinued; the west side of the court forms part of the new or St. Swithin's quadrangle, the erection of which, begun in I88r, on a site between the old buildings and the college school, was completed in I887; the buildings consist of two blocks, one of which, facing ihe High street, is near:y 2oo feet in length, with a tower 8o feet in height at the eastern end, forming the main entrance ; at either end, on each storey, are also boldly designed oriel windows, and the sky line is picturesquely broken by gables and clustered stacks of chimneys; the western block extends northwards at right angle:i to the other for about II4 feet, and the whole contains about 30 sets of rooms, besides two lecture rooms, the larger of which is 26 by 16~ feet; a portion of Old Magdalen Hall standing between the new buildings and the president's lodgings, including a small' but very picturesque tower, has been restored and converted into four sets of rooms ; the work was carried out under the direction of Messrs. Bodley and Garner, architects, of London, at an estimated cost of £g6,ooo; the .stone used was chiefly from the Taynton and Deddington quarries, with Ancaster stone for the carved work ; part of the old Hall had been destroyed by fire, ro Jan. I82o. The chapel, the first stone of which was laid by the founder, 5 May, 1474, in plan resembles the letter T ; the ante-chapel, a building of considerable dimensions, forming the transverse portion, which is separated from the choir by a fine stone screen, above which is placed the organ, a magnificent instrument, greatly improved in I85S; the great west window contains a representation of "The Last Judgment," painted from a design by Christopher Schwartz, and restored in 1794 by Egginton, by whom also the other windows in the ante-chapel were executed: in 1635 the interior of the chapel was fitted up according to the prevailing taste of those times and the choir was then paved with black and white marble; but in 1649 the building, and especially its stained glass, was seriously injured by the unrestrained violence of the Parliamentary troops ; in I833 it was restored to somewhat of its primitive magnificence, under the direction of Mr. Cottenham, at a cost of about £I8,ooo; in I85T6o, the windows of the choir were !'e5.lled with brilliant stained glass, and in 1864-5, a series of statues was added to the fine canopied reredos : the altar-piece is a very fine painting of Christ bearing the Cross, variously attributed to Morales and Ribalta, both Spanish artists, and to others, and over it is a sculptured representa· tion of Christ appearing to Mary in the garden, by Sir Francis Chantrey R.A. ; on the north side· of the communion table is a small ohapel containing the alabaster table tomb of Richard Fatten, fathe-r of the founder, removed here in 1833, from the destroyed church of Waynfiete, in Lincolnshire, tho birth-place of the founder. The ball, entered from the l!louth-east angle of the cloisters, is a grand and well-proportioned room, built in a line with, though not on the same level as the chapel, and has an oriel window on the north side near the high table ; its extreme length, including the gallery and screen, is 73 feet, and its width go! feet, the passage under the screen being 8 feet wide : the walls are lined with oak wainscot, put up in 1541, and adorned with shields of arms; at the upper end the space is divided into nine compartments, six of which represent scenes in the life of St. Mary Magdalen: the windows are filled with heraldic glass: the hall contains a fine picture of Mary Magdalen, by Guercino, and portraits of the founder, Prince Rupert, Cardinal Wolsey, Henry, Prince of Wales, John Hough, president, and Bishop of Worcester (1717-43), Hugh Boulter, Archbishop of Armagh (I724-42), Dr. Henry Sacheverell, a fellow of the college 1701-13; J oseph Addison, Dr. Henry Hammond, divine and commentator, and chaplain to Charles I. and many others. The chapel and hall together form the south side of the great quadrangle: on the west side rises the founder's tower, which ha.s in and' adjoining it a suite of state apartments, some years since carefully restored and magnificently fitted, an<l the library ; the remaining sides are occupied by students' rooms, the whole square being surrounded by a wide cloister, built in 1473, with buttresses surmounted by curious sculptured figures, usually called " hieroglyphics," the exact pur· port of which has been much discussed, but is still undecided. The library is a noble room, lengthened in 1822, and recently restored: it includes 8oo books and MSS. presented by the founder, whose episcopal vestments and shoes are also preserved here, and has two fine marble busts of Bacon and Locka.. North of the • great quadrangle, but separated from it by a wide and splendid lawn, about 300 feet square, are the new buildings ; these, erected in 1733, from a. design by Edward Holdsworth M.A. f~llow of the college, and

DIRECTORY.] 0 XFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 173 originally intended to form one side of a large court, are of three storeys, in the Italian style, and have a piazza in the lower storey, on the south front; to the west and north of these buildings stretches the grove or deer park, well timbered with fine old elms, and containing a numerous herd of brown and spotted deer ; on the eastern side is the great meadow with the famous " water walks," forming a charmingly secluded and picturesquely wooded alcove, rather more than half a mile in length, surrounding the mead, and encompassed on its outer side by the divided streams of the Cherwell: the northern alley, known as "Addison's walk," is named after J oseph Addison, the poet, who was a demy of Magdalen, and is said to have made this his favourite resort: the great oak which once stoorl at the entrance to t.he walks, 71 feet high and 22 in girth, fell on 30 June, 1789: south of the great quadrangle is the Chaplain's court, some of whose gabled buildings, occupying the site of a hospital of St. John the Baptist, founded in the reign of Henry Ill. overhang the river : on the southern side of this court rises the magnificent tower, begun in 1492 and completed in 1505 ; it is about 150 feet in height, decreasing slightly in size towards the top, and consists of four storeys wit.h octagonal turrets at the angles: the fourth or belfry storey, has on each side two fine Perpendicular windows, and the whole is crowned by a rich open battlement, with eight crocketed pinnacles, alternately terminating in crosses and gilded vanes: the tower contains an exC€ptionally fine and widely celebrated peal of bells, dated respectively 1740, 1739, 1712 (2), 1748, 1623 (6th and roth), 1828 and 1641, while the 7th bell has only a mediawal inscription; the whole peal was refitted in 1875: in 1887 the pinnacles of the tower were thoroughly repaired under the superintendence of Messrs. Bodley and Garner, architects, and in 1890 the embattled wall inclosing the college precincts in Long Wall street was €xtensively repaired and the crenelles renewed; in June, 1807, a serious fire occurred in the tower, destroying part of the woodwork; on r May in every year at 5 a.m. the colleo-e choir, in pursuance of an ancient custom, ascend the tower, and on its summit chant the Latin hymn "Te Deum Patrem colimus," for which service a sum of £ro yearly was reserved from the living of Stembridge, Gloucestershire, by William, Earl of Nottingham and Marquess of Berkeley (1490); the celebration usually brings together a crowd of listeners in the street below, and at its close the bells break forth, and there is a great blowing by street boys of tin horns. A special festivity is also observed on Christmas Eve, in the college hall, when the first part of the " Me!lsiah " and a selection of carols are' sung, concluding with the "Gloria" of Pergolesi. The foundation of this coll-ege originally consisted of a President, forty Fellows, four Chaplains, thirty scholars called Demies, eight Clerks and sixteen Choristers, with a succession of the Demies to fellowships corresponding to the counties from which they had been nominated to their demyships, the ten fellowships not so appropriated being open. Like other colleges, however, Magdalen has undergone a change in its constitution under the operations of the University Commissioners, and in accordance with the statutes made for it in 1882 its foundatiDn consists of a President, not less than thirty nor more than forty Fellows, including four Waynflete Professor Fellows, with certain official fellowships, not to exceed eleven, four Chaplains, thirty junior and eight senior Demies, an Organist, ten Clerks, sixteen choristers, a schoolmaster and usher. In the election to some of the demyships, attainments in mathematics and natural science are especially recognized. Fellowships are divided into Professorial, Official and ordinary fellowships : the two former classes are held by professors, and officers or tutors respectively; the latter are given aft.er examination to candidates of the greatest proficiency, and are tenable for seven years. The demyships are of the value of £8o yearly, and are tenable for two years, subject to re· election. The college maintains a laboratory with microscopical rooms, chiefly for the study of physiology, adjoining t·he Botanic gardens opposite. It presents to 40 benefices, and its gross income for the year 1886 was £45,g6o Igs. 1od. Thomas Herbert Warren M.A. president, elected in 1885. Rev. Henry Austin Wilson :M . .A. librarian and founders' chaplain. George Edward Underhill M.A. senior tutor Edward Chapman M.A. tutor Alfred Denis Godley M.A. tutor. George Edward Baker M.A. estates bursar. Herbert Wilson Greene M.A., B.C.L. vice-president and tutor. Rev. Robert Lawrence Ottley M . .A. tutor Clement Charles Julian Webb M.A. senior dean of arts and tutor. Charles Robert Les1ie Fletcher M.A. tutor. Paul Victor l\Iendelssohn Benecke M.A. junior dean of arts and tutor. Rev. Cosmo Gordon Lang M.A. dean of divinity & lecturer. Christopher Cookson M.A. ; Harry Duff; Arthur Lionel Pe.dder M.A. tutors. John Watts M.A.; George Henry Wakeling M.A.; Robert William Theodore Gunther B.A. lecturers. Frederic Pocock Bulley 1\I.A. home bursar. Brasenose College. Visitor, The Bishap of Lincoln. The King's Hall and College Gf Brasenose was founded in 1509 by William Smyth, Bishop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard .Button kt. of fuestbury, in Oheshire; and derives its name frGm the circumstance of its standing on the ground fOTmerly oocupied. by Brasenose Hall, an institution existing, as appears from various deeds, at least as early as 1219, and which perhaps received its name from a. knocker fixed in a nose of bra.ss, a tradition perpetuated in a great g.il.t nose over the entrance gate: the original "nose " from which the name of the college is said to have been derived appears to have been removed to Stamford, Lines, when the students of Brasenose Hall, as related by .Antony a Wood, migrated thither in 1334. The- students founded in Stamford a new collegiate institutrion, to which they transferred the name of their Oxford hcme, but of this building nothing now remains except an ancient archway, upon the door of -which the knocker remained until r88o, when it was removed for security into the house which occupies this site. This house, called " Brasenose," the principal and fellows of the College purchased in 18go, and thus acquired a property of peculiar historical interest to th€m, and their first ad ha.s been to restore to the College the relic which has been exiled from their foundation for more than five and a half centuries: it consists of a massive knacker-ring pa.ssing through a rudely wrought face of brass, between the nose and the mouth; the whole resembles in design the ancient ' 1 Sanctuary" knockers, examples of which still exist., and is now affixed to the waJnscot of the dining-hall of the College. The buildings are chiefly situated <ln the western side of the Radcliffe square, but. now extend southward into High street, and consist of four quadrangles, the first of which is entered by a very fine tower gateway in the Perpendicular style, erected in 1512, and restored by the late Mr. Charles Buckler, architect, in 1865, when the carw.pied niches were filled with statues of the Virgin and Child, St. Chad of Lichfield, and St. Hugh of Lincoln. This quadrangle, save for the third storey, added in the time of James I. retains its original character. The wenknown piece O'f statua,ry, which fo,rmerly stood in the centre of the grass plot, representing SamS()Ill slaying a Philistine, a copy from the original by Giovanni of BolOiglla, at Hovingham Hall, Yorks, and set np in 1727, was removed in 1881. On the south side is the Haii. entered by a curious shallow p~h, over which are two ancient busts of King Alfred and John Scotus Erige.na (Duns Scotus), 1265-1308. The former is said tJJ have been discoveTed when the foundation of the coll€ge was made. Th!O hall has a fine bay window at the upper end, filled with painted glass, and a massive chimneypiece, :rrC!Stented in r76o by the Hon. Assheto-n Curzon D.C.L. of this College, afterwards created Viscount CurzOIIJ. ;_ the wa.Us are hung with portraits of the founders, and of King Alfred, Sarah Duchess of Somerset, Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Dr. Ashurst TuTnerr Gilbffi"t, Bishop of Chichester ( r 842-70 ), the Marquess of Buckingham, Robert Burton B.D. (author of the "Anat<l'Illy of Melancholy"), Alexander Nowell D. D. dean of St. Paul's, formerly pTincipal 1510-48, and several other former principals of the college. In the. second quadrangle, situated to the south of the first·, are the libra~y and chapel: the library, built in r663 by Sir Ohristopher ·wren, and refitted in 178o, cont3ti.ItS> busts of the Right Hon. Lord Grenville, ChancellOT of the University from 1809 to 1833, by Nollekens, and of Dr. John Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln (1827-53), by Chantrey. The chapel, built in 1656-66, and wso designed by Wren, has a roof of ehtoorate fan tracery, springing from CO'Ved a.rches, supported on brackets : the east window was filled with stained g1ass in 1855, representing various scenes in the life of Christ; the stained west window, the gift of Ralph Cawley D.D. principal 1777-85, contains fignres of Christ and the Four Evan.gelist.s, executed by Pearson in 1776, from a painting by Mortimer, and the

174 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. [KELLY'.S r-emaining windows are C'hiefly memorials t~ the Rev. F. W. Bobertson M.A. incumbent of Trinity Chapel, Brighton, d. 15 Aug. 1853; the Rev. Richard Haringt.<Jn D. D. principal r842-53, d. 13 Dec. 1853; J. Barlow, r85g, and P. Haines, who fell at Lucknow, r859; in the antechapel is a. monument to Robert Shippen D.D., F.R.S. principal 1710·45; and one by Bacon, to William Cleaver, prinoipal I785-r8og, and succerssively Bishop of Chester (1787), Bangor (r8oo), and St. Asaph (r8o6), who died 15 J\Iay,r8r5: there are other monuments to Frodsham Hodson D. D. principal r8og-22, by Manning; the Very Rev. Hugh Oholmondeley B.D. Dean of Chester (d. 1815), by Sir Francis Chantrey, a.nd to the Rev. James Smith, vice-principal, 1832-38 : both the chapel and library are architecturally interesting as: exhibiting the result of an attempt to combine· tihe Classic- and Got.hic- styles. In 1894 the chapel underwent partial restQil'ation; the pediments mer the doorway and windows, the pa;rapets on the north side and the cornice being carefully renewed ; the roof was also re-C{)vered and srbrengthened; the whole work wars carried out under the direction of T. G. Jackson esq. M.A., R.A., F.S.A. A. block of new buildings, oompleted in r886, from designs by the same arohirect, ha.s taken the place of two slightly built and not well-planned st!l'uctures previously standing in the kitchen or cloister quadrangle. By their r€moval, and that of some cottages and outbuildings, a new and spacious quadrangle, bounded on the east by the antechapel and cloist.ers, and on the west by the new wing, which is set. a good way back, has been formed. The buililings, which are 120 feet in length, and from 36 to 48 feet wide, consist. of four storeys, and contain 22 sets of rooms for undergraduates, two large lecturerooms, and a spacious set of rooms for a Fellow. The easrtern or principal front exhibits four gables, alternating with three semi-octagonal bays, with balustraded para· pets, rising above the spring of the l'Oof, and intended to ca.rry the staircases, which are disposed in the usual collegiate manner ; the west front is much plainer in design, but a sjmilar style of treatment is preserved throughout. In order to gain space enough for the new building it was neceSBary to demolish the greater part Dlf the well-known Amsterdam Court, which occupied the site, and preserved the name of Amsterdam or Broadgates. Ha.ll, one of the numerous academical halls with which Oxford abounded during the Middle Ages, and Nlipecially before the existence of colleges. During 1887-9 patrt of the remaining buildings intended to cam~ plete bhe quadrangle wme ereded on the south side, t:hns giving the college the advantage of an entirely new frontage immediately facing High street, the idea. Qf accomplishing which had been cherished, it appears, by the. college authoriti~s since the beginning of the last century, and from that time up to 1810 a.t least three architects were con~;ulted on this project, and not less than five designs for carrying it out produced and successively abandoned~ This block, also erected from deSiigns by Mr. Jackson, at a cost of about [12,ooo, comprise 3 new house for the principal, five sets of rooms for undergradua.t.es, and am. embattled gate,way tower, 62 feet in hei~ht, with porter's lod'ge', forming the principal entrance into the new Amsterdam quad; the fa((3de, designed in the Late Perpendicular style, is of two storeys, with four gables rising to the roof ridge, and the first floor is effootively relieved by bay windows, with elabQil'ately carved piel'Ced parapets'; at the southeast angle is a. fine corbelled-out oriel with six lights, and an octagonal crocketed spire cal'Tied nearly up to the line of the ridge; the tower, placed at the west end of the front, was originaHy designed with a species of open orown formed by arched flying buttresses springing from the battlements and supparting a small lantern with finial and vane, but this addition is for the present omitted ;_ over the gateway are carved, in an unusually la.rge size, the royal arms, crest and supporters, in allusion to the proper style of the foundation as "the King's Hall and College of .Brasenose ; " it is intended at some future time to contunue the building three bays west~ ward of the tower. The cottages which oocupied its siter contained a few traces of ancient work, and one of the fire-places has been refixed in the basement of the new building, where also are several fragments of 12th and: 13th century woFk, found built into the cottages as o-rdinary walling-st<m~s. The foundation consisted of a. Principal and twelve Fellows, and e.ight other fellow~ ships were afterwards added, and by an Ordinance of ihe Cammjssioners under the "Oxford University Act, r854.'' (17 & r8 Vict. c. 8:~;), all the fellowSihips were thrown o~n. By the sta.tutes framed under the "Universities' Act, 1877" (40 and 41 Viot. c. 48) the number of Fellows. ~elusive of one ex-officio and two ~pernumerary, • was fixed at tw~lve. Scholarships and Exhibitions hav,e been added at different t~mes, and inolude twenty-two " Somerset" Scholarships, founded by Sarah Duchess Dowager of Somerset, limit-ed in the first instance to persons educated at the grammar schools of Manchester and 1\Iarlborough and the cathedral school of Hereford: there are twenty valuable exhjbitions on, the foundation of William Hulme e~sq. of Kearsley, in Lancashire, first found""ed in r6gr and finally r~modelled by the Charity C(JI!Jlmi.ssioners a.nd approved' by the Queen in Council 26 Aug. 188r. These are tenable for four years, the seruior exhihitionsr being WQil'th £130 and the junior £8o a year. Three clerical exhibitions were founded by the Misses Colquitt, of Green Bank, in Lancashirl", in 1842, and an open scholarship in r875 by Mrs. Jane Robinson in memory of tJhe Rev. John Watson M.A. some time Fellow o·f thiSI Colle,ge. The college presents to twenty.- one benefices and the. Ro.dborough (Glos.) lootureship, and Mr. Hulme's trustees have, in addition, the patrona.ge of twenty-nine benefices, to which they a;re bound to present thos~ wh() either rure· or have been exhibitioners on his foundation. The annua.l income of the college is estimated a.t £r2,68r 6s. sd. Cha.rles Buller Heberden M. A. principal; elected in I88g. Rev. Llewellyn John Mont.fort Bebb M.A. vice-principal. Alfred Joshua Butler M.A. bursar and lecturer. · Charles Henry Sampson M.A. tutor. Frederick William Bussell M.A. tutor. He:rber~ FTancis Fox M.A. tutor · Francis James Wylie M.A.. lecturer & junior de:1n. Corpus Ohristi College. Vi:>itor, The Bishop of Winche-ster. Corpus Christi College, founded by a cha.rter, date<l I :March, rsr6-7, of Richa.rd Fox, Bishop of Winchester and. Lord P:civy Seal in the reign of Henry VIII. is situated between Merton College on the east a.nd Christ Church en the. west, and chiefly consists of one quadrangle, with an additional block of buildings on the south side of the chapel court, overlooking ~lerton fields and the Broad Walk; the principal front immediately faces the south side of Oriel College, and exhibits an embattled faqade of thre.e storeys, wit1h a central ga.teway to-wer of four stages ; over 11he gat~.way is a good oriel window, flanked and surmount.ed by rich canopied niches. and a singnl:w piece of ~culpture representing angels bearing thEll Host, or Corpus Christi, in a monstrs.nce, with the aTms of the founder of the See of Winchester on either side. The quadrangle, ror feet by 8o feet in dimoosion, oompleted in I5I7 and embattled :tbout 16og, was hl\ightened in 1737 on the north and we.st sides by the erecti.on of an additional storey; in 18c7 its buildings wer~ faced with aSihlar, and in 1890 the ground level was uniformly lowocedJ one foot; in the centre is a. curious cylindrical dial, de1signed by Olnrles Turnbull M . .A. a. fellow of the college, in 1581, and constitutiing a. perpetual calenda['; abov.e the oopital of the column is a pedestal wit-h shields orf a,Tms, supporting a dwarf pyramidal fini~l, surmounted by a. pelican in iher piety, the badge of the. founderr, renecwed in 18ga. On the eastern side of the. quadrangle is the hall, 50 feet by 25 feet, which has a. good La.te Perpendi~ular roof and north window, and rubout 1700 was re-wainscotted and ceiled, and in 1857 restored under the direction of Mr. J. C. Buckler, arohitoot; it contains various portrn.irts, among which are those of the founder, an original painting on panel ; Bishop Oldham, co-founde·r; Charles, rst bairon Tent.e:rden and. Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St. David's, 1803, and of Salisbury, 1825, both tutors of th~ college; Henry Phil· potts, Bishop of Exeter, I831-6g, and other~. A. statue of the founder stands in a niche on the south side of the quadrangle, and on tihe >ame side is the library, w'hich was shortened at the~ ea.st end in 1676; it contains a remarkably fine coHection of curious printed brooks. and manuscripts, a la.rg.e .collection of polit.ioaJ tracts from the 15th to t\he I<}th oenturies, specimens of early Italian typography, and a vaJUB.ble. collect~on of Italian works. bequeathed iu 1755 by L<>rd Cole:rruine. Ea.s.twa:rd of the library, and separated from it only by a corridor, is the chapel, erooted in r5r7; in 1676-7 the inner chapel was lengthened westwards, t-he ante-chapel enla.Tged, tlhe cha.peJ floor relaid in black and white marble, and a screen of cedar wood set up ; it has a good Pel'pendicular east window and an altar piece representing the Adoration, ascribed: to Rubens, and purchased for £2,500 by Sir Richard W orsley ba.rt. f•ram the eoUechion o.f the Prinoe of Oonde ; in the tower is preserved tbe pastoral staff of the founder, of silver gilt, richly ornamented a-nd now nearly 500 years -old; the eagle lectern was given by John Claymond, first president of the eollege,

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. 0XFORD. 175 I5r6-37, d. 19 Nov. !537, whose brass, with an emaciated effigy in a shroud and twelve verses, remains nea.rly perfect on the south side of the ante-chapel. Records o.f marriages celebrated in this chapel from 1693 to 1734 of persons belonging t-o the pa.rish of Warborough, Oxon, are. preserved in the regist-ers of tha·t parish. .At the east end is a gallery, betweexffue chapel and president's lodgings, contaming, among others, portraits o.f the seven bishop.s committed to the Tower by James II.; there a!l"e several} memorial windows ood' various monument•s ; south of the cha.pel is 31 smaJl court·, surrounded on the south and east sides by c::.oisters, the resting place of many learned men, and including a number of mural monuments ; at. the east side is the common room, with a buo:t by Chantrey of Dr. Walkt!r King, Bis.hop cf R(}Chester, r8og-27; on the east side is the fellows' building, erected in IJ06, on the site of the old cloisters, by 'Dhoma11 Turner D.D. president r687-17I4, at a cost of £6,ooo, from a design, it is said, by Dean .Aldricll; the elevation, ng feet in e:x.tent, is of the Ionic order and much admired for tlhe chaste stY'le of its architecture: extt!ncl.ing frOm its south front is the fellows' garden, which fcmns a broad teiTace, constructed in part on the rampart of the old city wall, traet!s of which may be sesn in the Wllll bounding the garden on hhe south side. In 1884-5 a. new block of buildings for thi~ oollege wa.~ erected neail"ly opposite, at the junction of Merton st.reet and Grove street ; these are of st<me in the Gothic Renaissance style, from designs by T. G. Jackson esq. M.A., .A.R..A., F.S.A. ; t·he Merton street front has four bays, with bold pedimented oriel~ corbelled out fro-m the first floor and rising into four gables relieved by niches, and tt!rmina.ting' in finials ; the ground stage is arcad.ed. When the allied sovereigns visited this University in 1814, the King of Prussia re.sidoo in tihe lodgings of the presid~nt, part of which date from the period 1599-1601 : a new wing was added in r68g, and in 1783 repa~r-s- were made to tihe north front. The college possesses 31 fine collection of plate, including a rose water dish of 1493-4, giv~n by Uhe founder, a silver gilt salt-cellar, dating from rsoo, also given by him, and a chalice and paten of pure gold, dated 1507-8, supposed to have been used by the founder; the other speoimens, dating from 1514 to 1736, include spoons with the owl badge of Hugh Oldham, llishop- of Exeter ; the ring of John Claymund, first president, 1517-37; and the college seal, proba:bly cooval with the foundation. 'rhe original foundation of this college was for a President, three Professors, twenty Rellows, two Cha.plains, two Clerks, two Choristers, and twenty Scholars, the Scholars succeeding to the fellowships of corresponding counties, as dlid the Demies to tihe fellowships of Magda.Ien; the county limitation was, however, abolished by the commissioners of rBss,and the succession to fellowships cut off by throwing them open to candidates from the whole Unive;rsity; under the statutes confirmed by the Queen in CQUncil in 188r, the colle-ge will consist of a President, five professorial Fellows, five or six official Fellows, three extraordinary and fourteen ordinary Fellows, and thirty-six Scholl\lrs ; the professorial Fell-ows will be the Corpus professors of Latin, Jurisprudence, Compamtive Philology, the Romance Languages and Whyte's Professor of Moral Philosophy. The fo-undation at present consists of a President, 15 Fellows (two of whom are Professor Fellows) and z8 Schob~s; there are aJso two Exhibitioners, and the proceeds of one FellawS~hip are added to the stipend of the present Professor of Chinese. The college presents to 17 benefices, and its annual income is estimated at £r4,86r. r Rev. Thomas Fowler D.D. president j elected in 1881. William Little M.A. vice.-president .. Rev. Charles Plummer M . .A. clean, divinity lecturer and libraria.n. Artihur Sidgwick M . .A. tutor. Henry Deven.ish Leigh M . .A. tutor. Arthur Ernest J olliffe M . .A. assistant tutor and mathematical leciurel'. Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse M.A. assistant tutor. Henry Le Blanc Light.foot M . .A. bursar. Christ OhUl'e<h. Visitor, The Queen. Christ Chnroh, the larges't college in the University, was origina.lly -founded by Cardinal Wolsey, .Archbishop of York, on the site of the supposed priory of St. FridesWiide, under letters pa.tent·of Henry VIII. dated r3 July 1525; and the first stone was la.id on the 17th July, with great pomp and ceremony, -by Dr. John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, but after considerable progress was made in the building the cardinal, having fallen into disgrace with his royaJ. master, was attainted in October, 1532, and the foundation, nat being complete in law, fell into the king's hands, with ail its revenues, actual and prospective, some of which he distributed among his oourtiers. In 1532, by letters patent dated 8 July, Henry VIII.refound!'d the college,dedicating it to the HolyTriruty, the Virgin Th'Iatry and St. Frideswide, and endowed it with an annnaJ revenue of £2,ooo; but in 1543 the king, having previously constituted the See of Oxford, ordered the surrenden- of the college, with all its possessions, which was accordingly made by a. deed dated 20 May in tha't yea•r; and on 4 Nov. 1546, by fresh letters patent., it wa.s re-established and connected with the newly created See, a.s a mixed foundation, partly ~pitular and partly collegiate, under the naiD.e of "Ch<rist Church;" the priory church of St. Frideswide being at the same time constituted a cathedral. The foundation consisted, for about three centuries, of a dean, eight canons, one hundred students, eight cha.plains (sine~ reduced to six), a schoolmaster, an organist, eight lay olerks, and eight choristers. One studentship was added in r664 by the benefaction of William Thurshme esq. Sixty of t•he students were elected from the scholars of Westminster School, the remaining 41 being nominatoo by the dean ami canons in turn. Under the statutes made by the. University Commjssioners of 1877 a.nd confirmed by the Queen in council in 1882, the foundation is hereafter to consist af a dean and si:x. canons, a. body of students (equivaJent t() fell.ows), and comprising' not more tihan fourteen non-officiaJ students (holding for seven years), nor mo!"e than fifteNJ. official students, a. number of scholars (six being elected annually by open competit~on, and three from Westminster), six chaplains, an organist, nine lay olerks and eight choristers; there a.re now 31 students, 47 schola;rs and 43 exhibitioners. The buildings of this society are so extensive and magnificent as to require a. more than usually detailed cles~ription. The principal front of the college, on the west side of St . .Aldate's street·, is about 400 feet in extent, and has a projecting wing at either end, adorn-ed with an oriel window reaching to the pa:rapet, and flanked on each side by an och1.gonal tower; the balmtrading on this front, and especially that of the house occupied by Canon Driver, was substantially repaired in 1892, and furbher repa.irs at the north end of the faqacle wer-e carried out in r893; in the centre is the famous "Tom Gateway," a.t one time known as the" Fa:yre Gate," which, including the richly panelled towers at the sides, wa.s oarried up by Wolsey to the level of the parapet, and completed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1682: the roof af the gatmvay is vaulted and adorned with the shields of various benefactors, and over the entrance is a; large window with crocketed ogee head ; a.bove all rises the well-known octagonal tower in which hangs "Great Tom of Oxford," formerly the clock bell at Oseney Abbey and· one of the largest bells in England; it has been five times recast., the existing bell being the wmk of Christopher Barker, of London, in x68o; and is 5ft.. gin. in height·, 21 feet in circumference and 7ft.. r in. in diameter, and weighs 7 tons 12 cwt. .Around the bell is the inscription: MAGNVS . THOMAS . CL VSIVS • OXO:NIENSIS . REl~.ATVS , .APR . 8, r68o. Every night, at five minut.es past nine, it tolls ror: times (indicating t,he former numbe-r of students on the foundation of Christ Ohurch), and this curfew is taken as the signal for dosing the various college gates. The great. quadrangle, entered through this gateway, is 264 by 261 foot square, and is surrounded. by a. wide flagged terrace walk originally intended for cloisters, the mural sha.fts and: springing of which remain, and the bases of the exterior but.tre.sse~ have been ;restored: in 1:1t89 the east and south sides were permanently repaired, and in 1890 the north side was similarly treated; in the centre of the quad is a circular pool, still called "Mercury," from a leaden statue whioh formerly st-ood there_ The water which supplies the fountain jet is. obtained from a. spring at Hinksey, in llerks, about a mile d.istant. On the south side is the hall with the new bell-tower, on the east side the deanery, at the north-east corner Dean Fell's tower. and the remaining port-ions consist chiefly oi the houses of se-veoral oof the canons; at 12 p.m. on Ma.rch 3rd, 18og, a serious fire broke out on the south side of the quad. which at one time threatened to ex~nd both to the hall and to Tom tower, and -the sonbh-west angle, the. ancient site of the churcih of St. Michael-atSouth Gate. was in great part destroyed-; in 1876-8 the whole quadrangle was very effectively restOII"ed under the direction g.f Messrs. llodley and Garner, architects, of London, when the walls were refaced, and the ballustrading- erected by Wren replaced by emba:ttfed parapets bearing in panels the shields of Henry Vlll., Oardinal • •

• - 176 OXFORD, OXJ:4~0RDSHIRE. (BELLY'S W olsey and various benefactors : in the course of the work, the lower portions of many of the piers erected for the cloister de.signed by W olsey were uncovered; these as well as the sh&fts and springing of the arches on the exterior walls iha:ve been renewed and the cloister may at some future time be com.pleted; the new campanile or bell-tower, situated at the south-east oorner, is a massive oblong structure in the Perpendicular style, with open embaHled turrets at the angles, and contains a fine and musical peal of ten .bells, the "Bonny Christ Church Bells" of Dean Aldrich; of these, the fifth and tenth are said to have come from Oseney .Abbey; the first four date from 1698 to 1747: the tenth is dated 1589 and the rest date from 16n to 1640, three lla...-ing inscriptions in old English characters; they were removed from the cathedral tower, consiclered- to b-e unsafe, in 1871, and were reihung in the new belfry in 1872; a wide archway in this tower opens into the spacious vaulted stairca~e lobby leading to the hall, t'he exquisite fan tracing of which, supported by a single cluste•red pillar, is a remarkable example of late Perpendicular, and was .erected in 1640 by Dea.n Fell. The hall is a magnificent apartment IIS feet in length by 40 wide, and so feet in height, and is a portion of the buildings c-ompleted by Wolsey; the lo-fty and highly ennched timber roof of Irish oak, profusely decorated with the armorial bearings of &nry VIII. and Wolsey, is dated 1529 and was repaired in 1720; at the upper end, on the right of the dais, is a fine miel window, filled with heraldic glass in 1867, at the' cost· of the late Ven. Charles Oarr Olerke D.D . .Archdeacon of Oxford 1830-77, in honour of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales and H.R.H. the Crown Prince of Denma;rk, both undergraduate·s od' this ihouse. .A fine collection of portraits, 71 in num~r, forms an appropriate decorat.ion to the hall, and includes Henry VIII. by Holbein; Cardinal Wolsey, by Holbein; Queen Elizabeth, by Zucchero; Dean .Aldrioh, by Kneller; Lord Grenville, Chancellor of the University, by Owen; The Right Hvn. GeOtrge Canning, by Lawrence; .Archbishop Markham of York, Archbishop Robinson of .Armagh and Dr. Nichols, by Reynolds-; Lord Mendip and Sir John Skynner kt. chiffi baron of tihe Exchequer, by Gainsborough; and the Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone, by Milllli.s; P.t the upper end of the hall is a buSit of George IV. by Chantrey. In the restoration of I 876-8 tihe battlements of the hall were renewed and crocketed pinnacles added : at the foot of the great staircase, leading to the hall, is the entrance to the kitchen, said to have been the first part of the college CDmpleted, and still ~et-aining its original appearance as erected by Wolsey in 1528; it contains a la.rge gridiron, 4ft. 6in. by 4ft. 1in. and supported on four wheels. The com.mon room under the hall oonta.ins portrait's of Henry VIII. .Archbishop Markham, Dean .A.ldrioh and Doctors Busby, Fri~d, Nioholl, and Frewin. .A.t the north-east corner of the great quadrangle is Dean Fell's tower, heightened and restored during the restoratiOns of 1876-8, and furnished with a ·battlemented pm·apet and angle turret; a wide archway beneath this towerr leads to Peckwater quadrangle, which derives its Dame from an ancient inn or host-el, once existing at the south-west oorner of the present court, and in the 13th century, the property of one Ralph Peckwater; the whole quadrangle, as now existing, was ll'ebuilt from designs by Dean Aldrich in 1705, excepting the southern side, containing the library, a stately building of two storeys, divided into seven oompa.rtments by tall and massive pillars of the Corinthian order, supporting an entablature and balustrading, a portion of which, extending over two bays, was taken down and renewed in 1894; it was begun in 1716 and completed in 1761, from designs by Dr. Geo.rge Olarke, fellow of .All Souls anJ. M.P. for the University, 1685-7, and underwent some repairs in 1829; in the lobby are busts of the four G-eorges by Rysbrack, Bacon and Ohantrey, and a fine sitting 11tatue, by Ohantrey, of Dean Jackson, removed here from the cathedral; the lower portion of the building, forming a picture galle;ry, contains the pictures and busts presented to the college in 1765 by Brigadier-General Guise, and wme curious pa.intings of the Italian schools of the rgth, qth and 15th centuries, presented by the Hon. W. T. H. Fox Strangways M.A. in 1828, furnis:Irlng original examples of Margaritone, Oimabue, Mantegna, .Andrea del Sarto, Titian, and A. Carracci, with several specimens by t•he hands of early masters previous to the introduction of painting in oils; on the staircase is a statue of Locke, by Roubilia.c; t:ihe library prop.er, 142 by 30 feet, contains 31 select and vaJ.uable coHection of books, manuscripts and coins, and includes a prayer-book fol'Ill€>rly belonging to Wolsey, the orginal score of the Magdalen May Day hym~ . and a oomplete set of the singular zodiacal coins of Hindostan; in r8g2 the cornices of the library ceilings were carefully repa.ired, and the enrichments renewed: in 188g the roob of the Peckwater buildings were repaired and dorme<rs added; eastward of Peckwater quadrangle is the .small Canterbury quadrangle which occupi~s the site of Canterbm·y College, f-ounded by Simon Islip, .Arc-hbishoj, of Cante.rbury, in 1363: the old buildings, which had been refitted for use of students by Dean Brian Duppa, were removed in 1773, and the, north and east sides rebuilt., chiefly at the expense of Dr. Richard Ro·binson, .Archbishop o.f .Armagh and Primate of Ireland, who co-ntributed upwards of £4,000; the fine gateway on the east side, which is the principal entrance to the college from the east, adjoins COO'pus Christi college, and was rebuilt in 1778, from a design by Mr. J. Wyatt: it consis·ts of a single arch flanked on each side by two columns of the Doric order, supporting a frieze and parape.t, the frontage on either side is relieved by blank recesses; a large space of ground to the north of this gate, formerly shut in ·by a high wall, has recently been for the most part thrown into the street, and the remainder, inclosed by ornamental st~me piers and an iron railing, is planted with trees. The new buirdings, situated Dn the south side of the college precincts, facing Christ Church Meadow, are in the Venetian Gothic style, and were commenced in 1862, and completed in 1866, at a cost of £zo,ooo, from designs by Sir Thomas N. Deane kt. architect, of Dublin, and occupy an entire length of 350 feet, comprising the site of the chaplains' quadrangle south of the cathedral, Dean Fell's buildings and a part of the adjoining garden; they are of three storeys, with dormers in the roof, and provide 50 additionaJ sets of Tooms and a. dwelling for the porter; the central tower, go feet high, is situated 70 feet eastward of tihe former entrance from the meadow, and is four storeys in !he!ight, with a bold parapet, abO'Ve which rises a gable, ornamented with corbie steps; the tower portion forms a poroh, with deeply recessed archways; west.ward of the chaplains' quadrangle, and separated from it by the approaches to the kitchen, is a large court•, with a chemjcaJ la,boratory, renovated throughout in 1892, when also the parapets of the kitche-n the scullery blocks were taken down and rebuilt ; it is bounded southwards by the road leading into the college precincts from St . .Aldate's, on the opposite side of which are: the new buildings of the Cathedral' School. One of the canons' houses, near the deanery, bears a large sundial, whieh, like that of All Souls, shows the minutes. Christ Ohurch Meadow, belonging to this college, and lying to the south-east of it, is bounded on the east by the river Cherwell, on the south by tihe Isis, on the west by a branch of the same river, and on the north by the Broad Walk; it is completely surrounded by wide gravelled walks a mile and a quarter in extent, adorned with ornamental trees, and on the west side, commencing immediately opposite the new meadow gate, is the new avenue, 6oo yards in length, formed in 1868, 11nd leading immediately from the: co11ege t-o the river. The dean and chapter present to ninety benefices, proference being given, as a rule, to students and then to chaplains of the House in order of seniority. The estimated annual inC'Ome, including the Cathedral establishment, is £49,056 6s. 4d. Dean. Very Rev. Francis Paget D.D. appointed in 18gz. Canons. Rev. Charles .Abel Heurtley D.D. sub-dean. Rev. William Bright D.D. Ven. Edwin Palmer D.D. Rev. William Ince D.D. Rev. Samuel Rolles Driver D.D. Rev. Robert Campbell Moberly D.D. Students. Rev. Robert Godfrev Faussett M.A. treasurer. " Rev. Thomas Vere Bayne M . .A. librarian. .Augustus George V ern on Harcourt M . .A. tu tor. John Barclay Thompson M . .A. tut<Jr • • Rev. Edward Frank Sampson M . .A. censor & tutor. Rev. Willia.m Warner M.A. tu.tor. John Alexander Stewlll"t M.A. tutor. Sidney James Owen M . .A. lecturer Frederick York Powell M . .A. tutor. .Arthur Hassall M . .A. tutor. Rev. Thomas Banks Strong M.A. cenS01' & tutor. Herbert William Blunt M . .A. tutor, William Baillie Skene M.A. acting treasurer. Michae.J Ernest Sadler M.A. steward. Sidney Georger Owen M . .A. tutor. Rev. Lonsdale Ragg M.A. lecturer. John Lint{.)n Mvres B.A. lecturer. • , I '

DIRECTORY.] OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 1.77 Trinity College. Visitor, consist almost wholly of magnificent and unbroken lawns, bordered with flower beds and choicely planted shrub- . . . . . Walk," an avenue of 48 trees, 24 on each side, the lower . Tnruty College, occupymg. ~ retued Slte on the north boughs of which, skilfully interwoven, form a uniqu~ &de of Broad street, was ongmally founded towards the roof of continuous foliage ; the gardens are bounded on c~os? of ~he 13th century, by the heads of the B~ne- the east by the Parks road and open into it by handdictme prwry at Durham, as .a nursery for th_at soc1ety sc.me gates of wrought iron, between two noble piers in ~d Wl;LS hence called Durham College! to this founda- the Italian style, surmounted by large classic urns. t.ion R1chard A?gervyle, or de. Bury, B1shop of Durham, The foundation of the college consist of a President, 12 1333-45, left his great collectiOn of books, and Edward Fellows and 12 Scholars and there are besides varioma Ill. a~d Ri~hard II. were aJso ~ts ~enefactO'l"s, but on other scholarships, exhlb:i.tions and st~dentships, some the disso~utwn of ~h~ monasteries It was suppressed, being for the encouragement of Mathematics and Natural and ~he site and bwldmgs wer~ purchased ~o Feb. 1555• Science, and others for deserving persons in need of by S1r TJ;Iomas Pope. kt: a native of Deddmgton, Oxon, assistance at the University; there are now ( 1895) 10 who. repaue~ the bml~~ngs and refoun~e.d the c?l~eg~; Fellowships (two being suspended), and 16 scholars; the dedicat~g. It to t~e Holy and UndiVIded Tr1mty. election both to Fellowships and Scholarships is entirely The buildmgs conSist of four quadrangles, the first of open. The college pres·ents to nine benefices. which, approoched from Broad street, is a spacious turfed court, inclosed on the street front by iron railings, with elabol'ately wrought gates, bearing the arms and crest of the founder : on the north side are the chapel and president's house, on tlhe east the new buildings erected in 1885-6; these are of stone, in the Jacobean Gothic style, from designs by T. G. Jackson e'Sq. M.A.., A..R.A.., F.S.A. architect, and occupy part of .a former orchard and garden, the high wall previously inclosing it on the west having been removed, and the whole formed into a. spacious new quadrangle. The president's house, built in 1887, from designs by the same architect, stands between the east end of the ehapel and tJhe new buildings, with which it architecturally corresponds. The chapel, designed by Sir Chrisi;{)pher Wren, is a stJructure of considerable elegance, in the Italian style, and is lighted by roundheaded windows, divided by pilasters of the Corinthian &der, supporting an entablature and balustrading; at the west end is a. gateway tower of three stages of the Ic.nic order, similarly finished and crowned with statues at the angles symbolical of Divinity, Astronomy, Geometry and Physic; the chapel was erected at the sole cost and by the efforts of Dr. Ralph Bathurst, then ~Jresident, who laid the first stone, 9 July, 1691, and the building was consecrated by Dr. Hough, Bishop of Oxford, 12 April, 1694; the interior is chiefly remarkable for its unrivalled screen and altar piece, exquisitely carved in cedar and lime wood, by the famous Grinling Gibbons; the painted ceiling, representing the "Asceni;ion," is by Peter Berchet : on the north side of the communion table is the fine altar-tomb of the founder, with full-sized recumbent alabaster effigies (}f himself, "in armour, .and Elizabeth (Powlet) his third wife ; the 'Panelled sides inclose shields of arms within wreaths, and on the upper slab is a marginal inscription ; there are several stained windows, including one erected to 'the Rev. Isaac Williams B.D. vice-president, and one of lthe authors of the famous " T:raots for the Times," d. I May, 1865, and there is another erected by the present President; the communion plate includes a silver-gilt ochalice, originally belonging to St . .A.lban's Abbey, and presented to the college by the founder; in the ante- ~hapel are interred sevel'aJ former ¥residents and Fel1ows, as well as the Rev. Thomas Warton B.D. fellow of 'this College, Oamden Professor of History, and poet laureate, who died at Oxford, 21 May, 1790. The library, on the east 8ide of the second quadrangle, was also that of Durham College, and is the most ancient port.ion of the coUege buildings ; the windows cont11in fragments Qof stained glass from ·the old chapel of the qth century, and the book cases wel'e erected about 168o; the collections include a large number of valuable 'topographiool works, and a MS. of Euclid, supposed to be 6oo years old. On the west side is the hall, built in 16r 8-20, on the site of the old refectory; the interior >Vas ceiled, re-wainscoted and decorated in 177'~. but the roof was again reconstructed at the beginning of the :present century and a ma.rble chimney-pi,ece added in ~846. Among the portraits are those of Queen Mary and Philip of Spain; one of the founder and his third wife, Elizabeth; William Pope, first Earl of Downe, ArchbiS'hop Sheldon, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, Lord North, the Rev. Thomas Warton B.D. and several former presidents and other persons of distinction; ove!' the north end is a small bell-turret with a cupola and vane. The third quadrangle is smaller ; the fourth, north of it, has north, east and south sides only, indosing a large graV'elled court, open on the west side to the gardens; the north wing was finished in r667, the western portion in 1682, and the -south wing in 1728; each portion is three storeys in height, and the style is uniformly plain. The g-ardens, covering about four acres, • Rev. Henry George Woods D.D. president; elected in 1887. Robert William Raper M.A., B.C.L. vice-president, bursar and lecturer. Martin Holdich Green M.A. librarian and lecturer. F'ranklin Thomas Richards M.A. tutor. Charles Cannan M.A. tutor. Rev. Herbert E. Douglas Blakiston M . .A. tutor . David Henry Na.gel M.A. dean. Henry Stuart Jones M.A.. lecturer. St. John's College. Visitor, The Bishop of Winchester. St. John's College, founded 5 May, 1557• by Sir Thomas White kt. is situated on the west side of St. Giles' street and occupies the site of the Cistercian College of St. Ilernard, founded by Archbishop Chichele in I'f-36-7, but dissolved, as a monastic institution, by Henry VIII. and subsequently purohased by the new founder. The college buildings consist chiefly of two quadrangles, with additions north of tlhese and extensive g·ardens in the rear; the principal front, facing St. Giles's, may now be said to consist of two, if not three, distinct blocks, of which the older portion, towards the south, belongs in part to Chichele's foundation; and over the entrance of the emb-attled tower gateway the statue of St. Bernard still remains; the intermediate portion is chiefly remarkable for its curious Jacobean embattlements, and till recently marked the boundary of the oollege buildings in that direction; but in 188o-1 a new range of buildings, with a central embattled gateway tower, was erected northward of these, from designs by the late Sir G. G. Soott RA. Opposite the ancient frent, but separruted from it by the pavement, is an inclosed terraced walk, formed in 1576, with steps at either end, and shaded by rows of trees; it is stated by Wood to have been purchased 5 April, 1576, of Sir Christopher Brome kt. lord of North Gate hundred, and was then 208 feet long and 44 feet wide ; the first quadrangle, entered by St. Bernard's gateway, is of two storeys, .and has on the north side the hall and chapel; this side, with the south and west sides, are portions of St. Bernard's College, but the eastern side was added in 1597. The hall, formerly the refeotory, has a particularly fine arched roof and a screen of Portland gfjone, and contains a full length portmit of the founder, presented in 1692 by Thomas Rowney esq. M.P. for the city of Oxford, 1695-1722: a full length portrait of George III. in his coronation robes, by Ramsay, and portraits of .Archbishops Laud and Juxon, Henry Hudson, the .Artic navigator, and a number of others ; the chapel, which forms a continuation of the hall eastward, was consecrated in 1530 or later, •and repaired by Sir ThQomas White; between 1663 and 1678 extensive alterations, chiefly of a debased character, were made, but in 1843 the structure was restored by Mr. Blore, and a ceiling of fan tracery constructed; and in 1872-3 the interior was redecorated and tliree memorial windows inserted to the Very Rev. Henry Longueville Manse! D.D. Dean of St. Paul's and formerly tutor here, who died at Cosgrove Hall, Northants. 31 July, 1871; the Rev. Philip Wynter D.D. president 1828-71, d. 4 Nov. 1871; and the Rev. Robert C. L. Dear M.A. formerly tutor and fellow of Merton College, who died in 1872; at the north-east angle is a small but beautiful mortuary ohapel, built in r662, by Dr. Richard Baylie, president r632-48 and r66o, to receive the body of his son ; in the north wall is a marble urn, containing the heart of Richard Rawlinson LL.D., F.S.A. the antiquary, d. 6 A.pril, 1755; and there are monuments to the OXON. 12

l?S OXFORD. O.XFORDSHIRE. [KELLY's founder, d. u Feb. rs66; Archbishop Laud, beheaded way of the Principal's garden; t·he south front, facing on Tower hill ro Jan. 1645; and to Archbishop Juxon, Market street, was restored in 1853; the first quadd. 4 June, r663; all of whom areo buried here1 with rangle, 90 feet by 70 feet, is of three storeys, with an other distinguished persons. The ante-ohapel also con- embattled parapet; the chapel, .situated on the north. tains brasses to Robert Harte, scholar or fellow, d. 12 side, was consecrated 28 May, r6zr, and lengthened by Feb. 1572; Robert Shingleton M.A. Fellow, d. 29 July, the addition of a chancel in 1836; over the .entrance is 1577; Joh.n Glover M. A. Fellow, d. July, 1578; and the motto "Ascendat oratioj descendat gratia;" th6 Henry Price B.D. Fellow, d. 2 Feb. r6oo. A vaulted fc,rmer altar-piece, ro feet by 7 feet, representing "St. passage, with a stone roof of elegant f•an tracery, leads I Michael overcoming Satan," from a painting by Guido, to the second . or eastern quadrangle, built :in r63r-s, is now placed against the west wall; the east window is · chiefly at the expense of Archbishop Laud; on the east- I a ve~y fair ex·ample of :la~e Got~c; it dates from r6.36~ ern and western sides are open oolonnades, formed of r6 and m 1856 was filled With stamed glass, representmg pillars of the Doric order, each oonsisting of a solid i the "types and anti-types of Christ," and the resurrec.- block of Bletchingdon marble; in the centre, on either i tions of Jairus' daughter, the son of the .widow of Nain .. side, is a portica profusely ornamented, and above and Lazarus : there are monuments to Su Eubule Thel· these, in niches, are bronze statues of Charles I. and his I wall,_ princip~l r6zr.-3~· a.nd a great benef~ctor; Sir Queen, Henrietta, by Fancelli of Florence: the south, Leolme Jenkms, prmcipal, r661-73; Col. Sir Edwarc£ and east sides are occupied by the library, of which the r Stradling bart. d. June I64I; and sevoeral other heads: southern portion was built in 1596, and the eastern 1 of tills . society: the whole structure was c~efully rewing, so greatly admired for the grace and picturesque- stored m r864. The hall, on the we.s.tern s1d~, partly ness of its garden front, in r631, from designs by Inigo separates the two quadrangles, and IS a spaciOus and Jones: in tills part of the library' are preserved the so· 1 lofty chamber, completed by Sir Eubule Thelwall: it: called pastoral staff ·of Archbishop Laud, his mitre, cap has an elaborately carved screen, and at tl!e upper end, and wa,lking stick, together with a fine bust in bronze, projecting into the second quadrangle, is a fine embat· some ancient vestments, altar tapestry, banners and 1 tled sez:ui-octagon_al oriel of 20 ~ights; the walls am· several illuminated mi~sals: the gardens, extending east· hung With portraits of Queen Fili.zabeth, Charles I. by ward to the Parks road occupy an area of about 3 Vandyck, Charloes II. by Sir Peter Lely, Sir Eubuleac:res, with wide lawns,' well-planted shrubberies and Thelwall,. Sir Leoline Jenkins, Bishop<S Andrews, )Yynne~ some finely grown cedar and chestnut trees. In 1892 'Vestphalmg, Thomas and others. the water supply of the College was entirely remodelled In the bursary are preserved a silver-gilt bowl weighnnd is now obtained direct from the city mains. 'rhe in"' over 278 ozs. presented in 1732 by Sir W. W. Wynne college originally consisted of a President, 50 Fellows 1 ba~t. M.P., D.C.L.; a stirrup of Queen Elizabeth; and and. S~holars, one Chaplain, an Organist, 8 Choristers, 1 an early portrait of the Queen. In the Principal'S' 6 smgmg men and 2 sextons. All the Fellows, except· lodgings are a portrait of Sir Hugh Price, by Han~ ing 6 of the founder's kin, 2 from Coventry, 2 from Holbein; an original portmit of Sir Eubule Thelwall kb. Bristol, 2 from Re-ading, and one from Tun bridge school, 1 by Parry; and one of Sir Leo line J enkins kt. both were elected from MerC'hant Taylors' School in London. principals between 1621 and I66o. There is also, in theIn 1854, 4 additional Fellowships were founded under 1 custody of the principal, a watch, formerly belonging to the will of Dudley Fereday esq. of Ettingshall Park, 1 Charles I. and a mourning ring with his miniature in it, Staffordshire, and 4 scholarsh.ips by the benefaction of once the property of Queen Renrietta. The inner quadthe late Rev. J. T. Casberd D.C.L. formerly Fellow of 1 rangle, roo feet by 90 feet, was completed in 1677; it. the college and Prebendary of Fairwell in Llandaff i~ also of three storeys and has the singular ogee battleCathedral. In future, under the new statutes, the 1 ments which distinguish Oriel and University colleges ; foundation will consist of a president, not less than 14, the clock, with dials facing both quadrangles, was givell' nor more than 18 Fellows; two ex-officio Fellowships, to 1 by Dr. Foulkes, principal 1817-57· The college now be subsequently he-ld by the Professors of Arabic and consists of a principal, not less than ten nor more than Mechanics; not less than 28 Scholarships, of which 15 j fourteen fellows, and twenty-nine scholars. One scholarwill be asigned to Merchant Taylors' School, two apiece ship was founded by King Charles I. for the benefit of to Coventry, Bristol and Reading schools, and one to the natives of Jersey or Guernsey or one of the islands· Tunbridge school: there will also be four Senior adjacent to them. One moiety of the Foundation Scholarsh.ips for persons educated at Me.rchant Taylors' Fellows and Scholarsthips is open without restriction, the-- School, and six open scholarships, besides one created other moiety, together with the four scholarships and from the bequest of W. Lambe, four Casberd Scholar- exhil;Jitions of the foundation of Edward Meyricke, isships and certain Exhibitions. The college presents to limited, in the first instance, to ·either (I) natives of 34 benefices, and has an estimated annual income of Wales and Monmouthshire; (z) to sons of persDns who- £2,200. · have resided for seven years in the same region; or (3) Rev. James Ilellamy D.D. president; elected in 1871. Rev. Henry Jardine Bidder B.D. vice-president and dean of Arts. Rev. William Holden Button B.D. tutor, lecturer, precentor and librarian. John Undershell Powell M,A. tutor. Rev. Leighton Pullan M.A. lecturer & dean of Arts. Percy Elford M.A. lecturer. William John Wharton Glasson M . .A.. principal bursar. Sidney Ball M.A. senior tutor. William George Pogson-Smith M . .A.. tutor. Thomas Collins Snow M.A. Leste:r Yallis Lester M. A. John Charles Wilson M.A. John Wellesley Russell M.A_ Rev. Waiter Slate:r B.D. reader. Lecturers. Jesus College. r Visitor, the Earl of Pembroke. Jesus College, founded by a charter of Queen Elizabeth, dated 27 June, I571, on the petition of Hugh Price D.C.L. treasurer of St. David's, is situated opposite to persons who have been educated for three years in a school or schools therein; or (4) persons acquainted with and able to speak the. Welsh language; there arealso two exhibitioners. The college presents to 20 benefices and has an annual income of £12,130 rgs. 4d. Prof. John Rhys M.A. hon. LL.D.Edin. principal, elected' in 1895· John Gri:ffiths M.A. tutor and junior bursar. Rev. Llewelyn Thomas M.A. vice-principal, lecturer and' chaplain. Hev. William Hawker Hughes M.A. tutor, dean and chaplain. Wallace Marten Lindsay M.A. assistant tutor and librarian. Edward Ross Wharton M . .A.. assistant tutor and lecturer_ Ernest George Hardy M . .A.. assistant tutor. John Baron Moyle D.C. L. Rev. George Henry Gwilli am B. D. Lecturers. Reginald Lane Poole M.A. David Henry Nagel M.A. Wadham College. Visitor, The Bishop of Bath and Wells. Exeter College, on the west side of Turl street, and Wadham College, situated on the eastern side of Park consists of two quadrangles, of which the first contains street, and in part bounded by the new Parks, was· the ohapel on the northern side and the hall on the founded in 1610 by Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham, thewestern. The principal front, wholly rebuilt in 1856, !auter, after her husband's death in October, 16og, carryfrom the designs of Messrs. J. C. and C. A. Buckler, ing out the design which he did not live to corn plete; architects, of Oxford, in the Collegiate style of the r6th the first stone was laid 31 July, r610, and the college century, is of limited extent, but has a good embattled opened 20 April, 1613. The buildings, occupying in p8rt gateway tower, with a square turret rising above it on tbe site of the ancient monastery of the Augustin6' the north side, and over the entrance an elegant oriel Friars, consist chiefly of a single quadrangle, and exhibit window; at the northern extremity of the fa4(ade appears j fewer struotural changes than any similar fabric in the :t;.he ea:itern gabl!! of the ooapel, and beyond it the gate· University: the western or principal front is of thre11

' DlRECTORY.j OXFORDSHIRE~ OXFORD. 179 atoreys, with a battlemented parapet and a gable at I first scholar placed in .A!bingdon Sohool by its founder, either extremity, relieved by a lofty oriel, continued to John Roysse, in 1563, anxious to provide the boys of the third stol'ey; in the centre is an embattled gateway that school with the means of University education, had to:wer of four stages, with a wide bay window of six by his will left in trust to George Abbot, archbishop of lights over the entrance and a large square turret at Canterbury, and others, a sum of £s,ooo, to endow the north-east angle. The quadrangle is about 130 feet certain fellowships and I3 scholarships for boys from $quare, with the chapel, hall and library on the eastern Abingdon School in any oollege in the University of Oxside; the first of these consists of a noble ante-chapel, ford; after his death, which occurred I3 June, I6ro, his which is the portion seen in the quadrangle, and a trustees, in accordance with his wihl, made the offer to spacious choir, forming a considerable wing, projecting Balliol College, and it was accepted by thaot society, and eastward; tha architecture Df tJhe choir, however, differs six scholars were thereupon entered at BaJliol, and entirely from the rest of the buildings, but the windows lodged in buildings specially purchased for them : but have good, though late, Perpendicular tracery; the east while the arlioles of agreement between the college and window is filled with glass by Bernard Van Linge, in- the Corporation of .A.bingdon, as trustees of the school, serted in r621, at a oost of £IJ4, by Sir John Strange- were still unsettled, tJhe latter conceived the idea .of ways kt. M.P. and the five windows on either side are founding a new college at Oxford, and placing Tesdale's also stained ; the floor was paved with marble in I 677-8, schol-ars in it, and " with the promise of the charity of and the brass lectern was given in 1691 by Sir Thomas Mr. Richard Wightw.ick, who also bad inrtentions w Lear bart. M.P. of Lindridge, Devon; the ohoir was found fellowships and scholarships in sDme colleges in repaired and new roofed in I832-3, by Mr. Blore, a finely Oxford," bhey determined to found a new college in the wrought stone screen erected ·at the east end, and the old society of Broadgates Hall, which had in former stalls restored; two lofty arches, an imitation of those years belonged in part to the Abbey of .A.bingdon; and at New college, divide the ante-chapel from the transept, they accordingly petitioned James I. with the assent of but the former, though uniform with the hall, is dis- the Chancellor, to re-con~Jtitute Broadgates Hall as Pemsimilar to the choir, and the tracery of the windows is broke College, so naming it after the Earl of Pembroke'". altogether abnormal; in the ante-chamber are monu- at that tame Chancellor of the University, and who alsoments to various wardens and fellows, and ·a fine tomb gave his sanction ·to the nomin!lltion of a master by the-, to Sir John Portman hart. ob. I634; and there are four trustees, instead of claiming his own right to nominate. s·tained windows, with figures of patriarchs and saints, a Principal of the still existing society of Broadgates . erected from designs by Mr. John Bridges, of Oxford, Hall: the king, accordingly, in view of these endowin I838 and subsequently. The clock ontside the chapel ments, is~ued letters-patent, dated 29 June, 1624, was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, who entered ordaining the college as prayed, the foundation so conthis college in 1647, M.A. I653, and was subsequently stituted to consist of a master, ten fellows and ten :Fellow and D.C.L. of All Souls: the pinnacles were re- scholars, who were in future to be elected from Abingstored in 1892, and in I893 the stonework on the north don School, the scholars to succeed to fellowships as side of the quadrangle was extensively renovated: con- vaoanoieJ> occurred, but with a preference to those of tinned southwards from the ante-ahapel is the hall the kin of the founders, in case any presented thementered by a flight of steps immediately facing the gate- selves for electiDn. On the settlement of the College, way; over the entrance are statues of James L and the scholars already at Balliol were transferred, and the founders, with an inscription relating the foundation included in the first IO scholars of the new foundation. of the college, and the whole fabric was completed in By an ordinance of the Univel'sity Commissioners, underApril, I613; the interior, 83 feet by 35 feet, and 37 feet the Statute 17 and I8 Vict. c. 8I (I854), and amended in height, is one of the finest in Oxford; the open- by the Universities of Oxford 'and Cambridge Act, 1877 timbered roof being a rich though curious example of (40 and 41 Vict. c. 48), the foundation is, in future, to the adaptation of Gothic form to Jacobean details; at consist of a master, not less than ten fellows and not less · the south end is a large window -with singular tracery of than twelve scholars; and there are now (I895) 28 the same date; a.m.ong the portraits adorning the walls scholars. The fellowships are entirely open, and all the are those of the founders, and of James I., ~orge 1., scholarships, except five, which are to be filled up from William III., Admii'aJ Blake, Chief Justice Pratt, Sir Abingdon School, and two by the election of persons Christopher Wren., John, Lord Lovelace, Thomas, Lord born in Guernsey, Jersey, or the adjacent islands and Windham, and a series of bishops and other persons of educated for the two years last preceding the election eminence ; in the common room, between the chapel in Elizabeth College or Victoria College. The succesand hall, is a portrait of Alice George, of Oxford, who sion of the A.bingdon ·Sdholars to fellowships, together died, aged I2o, in 169I; the library, 53 feet by 30 feet, with the claims of founders' kin, has been abolished. forms a wing Dv~r the kitchen, corresponding with the The principal front, rebuilt in the Perpendicular style, choir of the chapel, with which it is connected by a in I829-30, consistS> of two portions, each of three cloister, and contains a valuable collection of works by storeys, with a babtlemented parapet, at right angles of eal'ly Italian authol('s, Warner's Shakspere collections, each other, and facing respectively north and east; in and a rare Saxon MS. of the Ioth century. In 1889 the the angle, on the north front, is a gateway tower of four· towe.r was strengthened and the library roof re-covered. stages, with an oriel abDve the entrance and an emNorth of the college are the gardens, well arranged and battled parapet, enriched with panelling; the easterB planted and containing some fine cedars and other trees. front includes the entoonce to the master's lodgings ; Under the new statutes, approved by the Queen in the remaining buildings form two quadrangles, of which Council 3 May, 1882, the foundation at present consists the first, entered by the gateway, occupies the site of· of a wllirden, not less than eight or more than ten fel- the ancient Broadgates Hall; immediately on the ri!Sht lows, two chaplains, eighteen scholars and several exhi- of the entranoo is the library, formerly the hall, and :Ut. bitioners.· The college presents to II benefices and its part identical with the original refectory of the oldel' estimated annual income is £10,7I6 Ss. foundation; it contains a bust of Dr. Johnson, wh~ George Earlam Thorley M.A. warden, eleoted in 1881. Rev. Patrick Arkley Wright-Henderson M.A. sub-warden, tutor and chaplain. matriculwted here, 16 Dec. 1728 ; ·and the library of Dr. John Hall, ·sometima fellow a.nd Bishop of Bristol, I691• I7IO, bequeathed by him to the college: in 1890, in· order to provide for the library of the late Professor· H. W. Chandler M . .A.. also a fellow here, a gallery was· Herbert Paul Richards M.A. tutor and librarian. Joseph Wells M.A. tutor. Frederick Augustus Dixey M.A., D.M. lecturer and lege bursar. 1 added from designs by Mr. H. W. Moore, architect, of CO- Oxford: the second quadrangle, which extends to the John Andrews M.A. esta,tes bursar There are seven lecturers not on the foundation. Pembroke College. Visitor, The Chanoollor of the University. Pembrok9 College, situated on the west side of St. .Aldate's street, adjoining the church of that name and opposite Christ Church, was founded by Thomas Tesdale esq. of Glympton, Oxon, and Richard Wightwick B.D. rector of East Ilsley, Berks, under letters patent, granted by James I. 29 June, I624, in response to a petition to the Crown ·from the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of Abingdon .. Mr. Tesdale, who had been the west of the first, has on the north side a range of new buildings, about I 50 feet in >length, erected in I 84•; and I846, under the directioo of the Rev. Froncis Jeune D.C.L. then master of the college >Mld afterwards Bishop of Peterborough (I864-8); these contain a handsome common room and bursary, rooms for several fellows and for about twenty-four undergr.aduates ; on the south side is the chapel, a small structure of unpretending charnoter, with Ionic pilasters between the windows, and a panelled parapet: it was built partly at the cost of Bartholomew Tipping esq. of Oxford, and consecrated IO July, I732, by Dr. Potter, Bishop of Oxford; over the communion table is a copy, by Cranke, of Rubens' " Christ after His Resurrection." The chapel has been decorated, and the windows filled with admirable st:::.ined OXON. 12•

• l80 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. (KELLY's • glass, from designs by C. E. Kempe esq. M . .A. of this college; the series being completed in 1893 by the erection of two windows commemorating respectively the founders and benefactors of the college, and forming together a memorial to the Rev. Evan Evans D.D. late master, r864-91, d. 23 Nov~ r8gr. .An organ was placed in the ante-chapel in 1893. On the west side is the hall, a fine building in the Perpendicular style, erected in 1848, from designs by Mr. Hayward; it is of five bays, with an embattled tower of three stages at the south-east angle, and an ·elegant louvre in the centre of the roof; at the upper end, on the south side, is a tall oriel, with three tiers of lights, rising almost to the p&rapet, and the walls are hung with a hu·ge number of portraits, including those of the founders, Charles I., Queen .Anne, Simon, Earl Harcourrt, Lord Ossulstone, several bishops, masters of the college and others. Que~n .Anne ·annexed a canonry tn the Cathedral Church of Gloucester to the mastership for ever. The college presents to eight benefices, and its estimated annual income is £6,zi4 12s. 6d. Rev. Canon and Prof. Bartholomew Price D.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S. master, elected in 1892. Rev. Robert George Livingstone :\'LA. vice-gerent, tutor, senior dean and chaplain. Alfred Thomas Barton J\LA. junior dean and tut-or. Charles Leudesorf M.A. lecturer. George Wood M.A. lecturer and senior bursar. Frederick William .Andrewes E.M., M.A. junior bursar. There are also four lecturers not on the foundation. )Vorcester College. Visitor, The Lor<l High Chancellor of Great Britain. Worcester Co:i.leg~. situated at tte western end of Beaumont street, vras founded in 1714 by the trustees· of Sir 'lhomas Cookes bat~. who by his will left, in 1701, £1o,ooo in trust to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishcps of Worcester, Oxford, Lichfield and Gloucester, the Vice-Chancellor and heads of the houses of Oxford, to erect collegiate buildingS" with suitable endowments, or to endow some existing college or hall with fellowships and scho:arships. This sum accumulated till it xeached £rs,ooo, when the trustees purchased Gloucester Hall, an ancient Benedictine foundation, established in 1283, by John Giffard, rst baron Giffard of Brimesfield, Glouoostershire (d. 1299) and incorporated it into a college with the name of Worcester (Sir T. Cooke's county), under a charter of Queen Anne, dated 29 July, 1714; Richard Bleshynden D.C.L. being then principal of Gloucester Hall, and becoming the first provost of the college. 'fhe Chancellor of the University retained his patronage of the hall by the reserved right to him to appoint the provost of the college from amongst the fellows, or those who had been fellows·. The original foundation was for a Provost, six Fellows and Six Scholars. Subsequent benefaction~>' by J ames Finney D.D. canon, successively of York and Durham, 1\Irs. Sarah Eaton and George Clarke D.C.L. fellow of All .Souls College, and M.P. for Oxford University, 1685-7, added to the foundation, which, after various changes, was made to consist of a Provost, fifteen Fellows and .sixteen Scholars, with some Exhibitioners a.nd a Bibleclerk. Of the scholarshipS', the six of the original foundation were appropriated to Bromsgrove School, in Worcestershire; one, on the foundation of Dr. Finney, to natives of Staffordshire; and five, on the foundation of Mrs. Sarah Eaton, to sons of clergymen of the Church .of England in need of assistance for their University education. Dr. Clarke's three scholarships are without limitation, as also is one recently founded by Robert Barnes esq. of this college, of the annual value of £r2o, ior the encouragement of Biblical studies. By the new statutes of r 8 82 the college consists of a provost ( elrected by the fellows), nine or ten fellows, and 19 scholars. The iellowships will be open without restriction and be tenable for seven years. Tutorial fellows ma<y a.Iso be re-elected. Of the nineteen scholarships, five are on Sir "T. Cooke's foundation, for Bromsgrove School; four on Mrs. Eaton's foundation, for sons of clergymen ; five on Dr. Clarke's; one on Dr. Finney's; three college scholarships and one Barnes' scholarship, all of which are open. The other scholarships have the limit of age fixed at nineteen. There a.re also from six to ten exhibitions. The building consists chiefly of one large quadrangle with some less uniform buildings surrounding a smaller quadrangle or court on. the south-east. The south side of the principal quadl'angle consists of the quaint and very interesting old buildings forming a portion of the existing buildings of Gloucester Hall : these were originally separate and distinct lodgings, erected by variou~t Benedictine abbeys as residence& for their respective students, and for the most part retain all their original features : the north and east sides, built in the Italian style, on a. raised terrace, contain the provost's lodgings, a large num her of rooms both for the fellows and undergraduates, the common room and bursary and tha library, the chapel and hall projecting beyond the front of the college towards the east, on the north and south sides of the entrance respectively, the court thus formed being inclosed by railings and gates of ornamental iron work, erect-ed in IBJI. The chapel, entered from the piazza on the interior of the east side, is· 6o fetlt in length, and was magnificently restored in 1864-70, by the- late Mr. Burges. at a cost of £s,ooo, in the style of the Renaissance; the exquisitely painted interior embodies a. scheme of iconography, representing Man in the "Te Deum," and Nature in the "Benedicite," combining in the worship of God. Placed in niches in the angles of the chapel are statues of the four Evangelists; the tall altar candlesticks and the lectern are of alabaster, and on the latter are placed copies of the Old and New Testament, splendidly bound in massive silver, with scripture subjects in alto-relievo and elegant arabesques in panel: these were presented by the Rev. C. H. 0. Daniel M.A. vice-provost, and are valued at £7o; ths flooring of the vestibule and chapel is laid down with various richly tinted marbles. The hall, at the south end of the piazza, is spacious, and panelled all round, ne!lrly up to the windows ; on one side is a fine mantel, in the Renaissance style, with a. hood, elaborately ornamented a·nd carried on pilasters; the wall& and the coved ceiling are decorated in a corresponding style, and the windows are filled with stained glass: placed between two fluted columns of the Corinthian order, is a. painting of a Magdalen after Guido; at the upper end is a painting, by Snyders, of a Dutch fish market; and there are portraits of the founder, by Kneller, Dr. Blechynden, the first protost, the Right Rev. John Harding D.D. bishop of Bombay, r85r-68 and the Right Rev. Hibbert Binney D.D. bishop of Nova Scotia, r85r-87; and others. The library, over the piazza, is 120 feet in length, and contains several unique bibliographical treasures and a very choice collection of Civil War tracts and pamphlets. The ancient kitchen and buttery still remain on the south side, and the small quadrangular court adjoining, though more or less altered, retains vestiges of the separate lodgings of the Benedictines, but the shields of arms are mnch mutilated. In 1888 the drainage of the college was reconstructed. The extensive and well-kept gardens, lying to the west and south of the college buildings, are exceedingly beautiful, and rival, if they do nat excel, those of St. John's and New College ; their most attractive feature is, perhaps, the large semi-circular lake which occupies a. large part of the north end: at the other extremity, an admirable view is obtained of the old buildlings of Gloucester Hall, which partly inclose the gardens on two sides. Ey the courtesy of the ooHege, the gardens are at all times readily accessible to visitors. This coUege presents to ten benefices and has an estimated annual income of £9,415 ros. Rev. William Inge D.D. provust; appointed in z88r. Rev. Charles Henry Olive Daniel M.A. bursar. Thomas Watson Jackson M.A. vice-provost and tutor. Henry Tresawna Gerrans M . .A. tutor and lecturer. Henry Allison Pottinger M.A. l.ecturer and librarian. Williaro Henry Hadow M.A., B.Mus. dean and tutor There are als·o five lecturers not on the foundation. Hertford College. Visitor, The Chancellor of the University. Hertford Cfrllege, situated: immediately opposite the principal entrance of the old schools, possesses a history neither uneventful nor uninteresting, especiaUy in the latter years of its existence, as involving indirectly that of the old society of Hertford Coll-ege, on whose site, at the corner of New Ool1ege lane, it now sklnds, and some of the old buildings of which still remain distinguishable among the additions which they received with the transfer of Magdalen Hall from its former !locality close to Magdalen OoU.ege. From about 1487 to 1602, Magdalen Hall (a hostel erected by William of W'laynflete, Bishop of Winch&.>ter, for the reception of students previously to their admission into Magdalen Oolleg-e) W".ls used as a pllace of ac3demical education, under the government of one of the fellows of Magdalen, but at the la&t-named daote it beoame a.n independen~

• • • DIRECTORY.) OXFORDSHIRE. OXFORD. 181 ha.Jl. The !Tesident and Fell.ows of Miagdalen wishin·g, h<Jwever, to remove this sit-e, procured .Acts of Parliament (56 Geo. Ill. c. 95 & 56 Geo. Ill. c. 136) in the year IBIS, authQrising them to repair the decayed buildings of Hertford College for the reception of Magdalen Hall, and a. serious fire, which broke out in the hall eoarly on the morning of 9 Jan. 1820, destroying almost the whole of the northe;rn extremity, eff-ected such damage as m'Ore than eve;r to necessit8Jte a change of locality. The history of the old HertfQrd College may be thus briefly related :-The Rev. Richard Newton D.D. of Christ Church, appointed in 1710 principal of Hart Hall, which had existed as a hall for students from the yea.r 1282, obtained, in August, 1740, after much opposition, a royal charter to erect Hart Hall int() Hertford College, the foundation to consist of a principal and four senior fellows or tutors, and eight junior fellows, who, however, were merely titular. The collrge, for various reasons, but chiefly on aCCQulllt of its insufficierut endowment, neTer flourished; and on the death of the fifth and l-ast principal, Dr. Hodgson, in 18o5, since no one slbatutably qualified cou!ld be induced to undertake the o:ffioo, and a large portion of the buildings had, about 1816, becom-e ruin-ous, the found'alt>.ion ceased to ex]Sit. After the acquirement of the property by Magdalen Hall the whole of the p:remises were complet-ely renovated, and two new block's of buildings were erected on the west side, faoing the B<ldil.roan library, and in 1822 t!ha.t 90Ciety took possession of the buildings thus restored, and re-named them as :Magdalen HaiL In 1874 it wa,s resolved to revert to the original slty'le of Hertford Oo~­ lege, and by a special Act in 1874 (37 and 38 Vict. c. 55) the foundation of :Magd;alen Hall was dissolved, and the Principal and scho1ars llieroof were, together with ce11min Fellow.s mentioned in the Act, inoorp-orated as a coliege of the Universri.ty of Oxford, under the name of "The Principal, Fellows and Scholiars of Hertford Col- I lege, in the University of Oxford," the Principal being, as previouf!ly, appoint~d by the Chancellor of the Univel'lf!ity for the time being. The soci~y now consists of a principal, 18 fellows, and 40 scholars. Of the fellows'hips, fifteen are of the annual value of £300; and two, te:oo.ble by married men, of the annual value of [250; there are also thirty scholarships of £ wo yearly for five years, besides a number of others on the Lucy, Meeke, Lusby and Macbride foundations, and two exhibitions. The buildings consist of a single quadrangle, with the ltibrory on the north and the chapel on the !JOruth side; the west or principal front is in the Palladian style, and until 1<BS8 comprised two distinct blocks of tlhree storeys each, s.tanding some distance a.part, but united by a high, wal!l with a central rusticated gateway and &ide ellltrances, ereoted in 1820 from a. design by Mr. Garbett, art the sole cost of Magdalen College; but in 1887-8 the space between the.se two blocks (the wall and gateway being removed) was filled with a new building Bo feet in length and 48 feet deep, in a simJJ.ar but more elaho:ro.ted style, from designs by T. G. Jackson esq. M . .A., .A.R..A., F.S . .A. of Wadham Oollege, architeot ; the centre of the new front is occupied by th-e entTance gateway, a lofty arch flanked by fl.uted pilasters supporting a pediment adorned with a oonvenbim>al shield bearing in relief the figure of a hart lapping rut a brook; to the }eft are the messenger's room, bur.sary, and butltery ; on the right the porter's lodge ; and on the interior front is a uniquely and singuiB.rly designed octagona[ tower, containing the struirc:ase loo.d•ing oo the fil'Sit fl'Oor, which is entirely occupied by the dining hall, a fine room 6o by 27 feet, with oo.k c·himney pieces, beautifully carved, and oak wainscot, and by the oomll}()n room. .A new building in the samlt styLe, oontaining 12 set·s of rooms, woas -erected in 1890, on the north side of the quadrangle, next New College l>ane, also from Mr. Jack-SoOn's designs. The remaining buildings formed part of the ancient Hart Hall and it.s auoce&sor, Blertford College, and of these the chapel, a plain and uninteres.ting structure in the Italian style, was &ected by Dr. Richard Newlton, last principal of Hart Hall and first principal of Hert.f<lrd College, as constituted in 1740; and was consecrated by Dr. Potter, Bishop of Oxford, 25 N-ov. 1716. The old hall, on the north side, a spacious apartment, contained portraits of J'Ohn Tyndale, transla.tor of the New Testament, Lord Chancellor Clarendon, Thomas Sydenham M.D. the physician, several bishops and athen>: the old refectory and but-tery, with portions adjoining, were erularged, if n-ot wholly built, in the reign of Queen Ellizabeth, by Philip ·Rondell, principal of Hart Hall, 1549-99: the library unites the collections of societies and was greatly augmented in 1777 by the valuable bequest of J-Qhn Cale esq. of Hart Ball, who alSoO left an end(lwwent of £3o yeai"ly for the librarian. There i~ one benefice in the gift of the Principal, and nine other benefices are held by trustees for the benefit of the college. Rev. Henry Boyd D. D. principal; appointed in 1877. Rev. Ge-orge Sturton Ward M . .A. tutor and lecturer. Sydney Grnve•s HamiLtQn M . .A. burSiar. Rev. J oseph Hooper Maude M . .A. dean and lecturer. Rev. J'Ohn Edward Oampbell M.A. lecturer Rev. Wil1iam Ralph lnge M . .A. tutor and lecturer. Rev. HlaS>tings RashdaU M . .A. lecturer. Charles Edward Haselfuot M . .A. lecturer. .Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge M . .A. lecturer. .Arthur Blackburne P-oynt'On M . .A. lecturer. Ernest Nathaniel Bennett M . .A. lecturer - Clem·ent Nugent JacmSoOn M.A. tutor, bursar and lecturer. Rev . .Arthur Henry Johnson M . .A. lecturer. ' THE HAI.LS. " The .Academical Halls now existing in Oxford are mansions for the reception of students, who live in them under discipline and instruction, and pass through the course of study to their several degrees, precisely in the same way as other students who reside in colleges;" they are not, however, like these, corporate bodies, and any endowments they may possess are held in trust for them by the University. The Chancellor is in every case the visitor. The halls are governed by the "Statuta. Aularia," a code of regulations originally framed by the University and since amended by Convocation: St. Alban Hall, in pursuance of statutes recently framed by the Oxford University Commissioners, was, in October, 1882, on the resignation of the Principal, annexed to Merton College; and in June, 1887, New Inn Hall, on the death of its Principal, Dr. Cornish, was att&:;hed to Balliol College : with regard to the others, it is provided that, on the occurrence of the next vacancy in the office of Principal, St. Mary Hall shall be annexed to Oriel College, while St. Edmund Hall, it is understood, will be brought into closer union with Queen's College, but will continue to be a distinct academical society. St. Mary Hall. St. Mary Hall, in Oriel street, and adjoining the college of that name, appears to have been first used as a place of academical education in 1333, although the earliest Principal on record does not occur till 1436: it was originally the rectory house of the parish of St. :Mary the Virgin, having been given for that purpose by Henry Kelpe, of the city of Oxford, in 1239. In 1325 Edward II. gave the church with its appurtenances to Oriel College, which society in 1333 applied it to its present purpose and considerably enlarged its buildings, which have received subsequent additions and improvements from Principals King, Nowell, Dean and Hampden. The building consists of a single quadrangle, which, though not large. is one of the most attractivej and picturesque in Oxford: it is entered from Oriel street by a passage way with an elegantly grained roof, and has on the north side the Principal's lodgings and on the south the hall a.nd chapel, built between 1632 and 1644, on the site of Bedell Hall, and now constituting the oldest existing portion ; the former, occupying the lower storey, was enlarged and adorned with oak carving by the present Principal, Dr. Chase, in the long vacation of 1874: the walls are lined with wainscot and the western end is entirely filled with a screen of panelled oak, pierced with two entrances, and rising to the roof, which is flat, with ribbed panelling: on the inside, within an ornamental niche, is placed a statuette in oak of the Virgin and Child: the east and south windows are filled with shields of arms, in painted glass, of various benefactors and members of the Hall, and among ther portraits are those of Lord Grenville, Chancellor of the University, 18og-34; Sir Thomas More, Chancellor of England; John Hunter, the celebrated anatomist; the Earl of Orrery; James Gibbs F.R.S. architect of the Camera Bodleiana, and a series of former Principals; the chapel, placed by a curious and unique arraJlgement above the hall, but extending beyond it westward, was repaired and ornamented in 1777 by the munificence of John Oswald B.C.L. of this Hall, Bi11hop of Clonfert, Dromore and Raphoe (d. 5 March 17Bo), and in 1872-3 was considerably enlarged and completely restored by the present Principal, when a new screen of oak was erected, with canopied seats for the Principal and Vice-Principal, the whole of the stalls renewed in carved oak, and the coved roof panelled throughout with the same material; the e-ast window, previously blocked by a huge modern painting, of doubtful merit, repre- &enting the Virgin aJJ.d the Child, set between classic

182 OXFORD • OXFORDSHIRE. (KELLY'S. . pilasters supporting a pediment, was opened and subsequently filled! with fine stained gl~ss by Mr. Clutterbuck, of Stratford, Essex, exhibiting in fifteen compartments seenes from the life of the Virgin, with the Crucifixion and Ascension above, and presented by Mrs. D. P. Chase, wife of the Principal ; the remaining windows being filled with emblematical designs : an eleg'lnt stone reredos has also been added and a spaciouS' organ-gallery constructed at the west end: the total cost amounting to about £1,300, whicb includes that of the east window (£130) and other windows; the whole was completed under the direction of Mr. J. C. Buckler, architect, of Oxford, and the chapel re-opened on Whit Sunday, 1873. Un the: north side of tha chapel is a mural monument to Dr. William King, Principal, 1719-63, with a singular epitaph written by himself, and above in a. recess, a. small marble urn, in which, by his direction, his heart is :preserved ; there are also modern brasses to the Rev. Philip Bliss D.D. Principal, 1848-56; and to Mr. Reginald Hugh Wynne-Griffith, of Llanfair, Carnarvonshire, accidentally drowned near the Menai Strait, 20 Aug. 1875: on the south wall is a ,marble tablet to the Rt. Rev. James Hannington D.D. first bishop of Eastern Equatorial Mrica, who was martyred ne:1r the northern shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza, 25 Oct. 1885, and another to the Rev. Edwin Hatch M.A., D.D.Edin. Vice-Principal, 1867-85, who died ro Nov. 188g. 'I'he windows of the chapel furnish in their tracery very good examples of the commingled styles found in late Gothic structures; the east side of the quadra.ngle was built by Dr. King in 1743, and the west side, with the Principal's residence and other buildings, begun by Dr. Dean, about 18gr, were completed by his successor, Dr. Hampden, after.v-ards Bishop of Hereford; the three rooms immediately adjoining the Principal's lodgings on the east are said to stand on the site of the building in which Dr. King sheltered the Young Pretender. The four Dyke scholarships formerly belonging to this hall have now been suppressed, but it retains one exhibition on the foundation of the Rev. Thomas Newell D.D. who was Principal of the hall from 1764 to 1801, with a preferMce, secured to the heir of the founder, his wife or daughter. Dr. Bliss left money (nearly £10o yearly) for the repair of the hall buildings, and specially of the Principal's lodgings, to be paid on the dc·cease of his wiJow, who died in February, r876. The estimated annual income of the hall is £1,597 15s. gd. Rev. Drummond Percy Chase D.D. principal; appointed in 1857. Gordon McNeil Rushforth M.A. of St. John's College, vice-principal. Rev. Robert Hervey Charsley M.A. lecturer. St. Edmund Hall. St. Edmund Hall, situated in Queen's lane, is believed to derive its name from Edmund le Riche, Archhishop of Canterbury in the reign of Henry JII. wh) delivered lectures in certain schools on the same site from r219 to 1226 and was S'JOn after his death canooized by Pope Innocent V. In the year r269 it was purchased by the eanons of Oseney and applied to the purposes of academi- ~al education, but the records of this abbey between 1276 and 1307 having been lost, no principal's name is known previous to that of William Boys, nor is the hall expressly mentioned until the time of John de Cornubia, principal in 1317. On the dissolution of religious houses, Henry Ylll. granted it to t.wo citizens of Oxford, of whom it was purchased by William Dennyson, Provost of Queen's, who in 1557 devised it to his college, which society procured an Act of Congregation in 1559, confirmed by the Chancellor of the University, securing to them the perpetual right of nominating the principal of the hall. The buildings, occupying little more than three sides of an oblong quadrangle, chiefly date from the middle of the :1/'f;h century, and their quaintni)SS and irregularity, aided by the creepers which festoon the whole• north side, give to them a singularly picturesque appearance ; the hall, forming part of the west side, contains portraits of Daniel Wilson D.D. Bishop of Calcutta, r832-58, and formerly vice-principal, r8o7-r2; Thomas Tully or Tullie D. D. principal in 1658-76, and several of his successors; at the east end of the quadrangle are the chapel and libr·ary, erected chiefly by the liberality of Stephen Penton B. D. Principal, 1675-84; the first stone of the chapel being laid 19 April, r68o, and the building consecrated by John Fell, Bishop of Oxford, 7 April, r682; the ante-chapel, which faces the quadrangle, is of two storeys, with a panelled parapet, :in the Classic style ; the entrance is fi<>nked by two lofty columns of the Corinthian order, rising through both storeys and supporting a pediment; the upper storey forms the library, which contains several thousand volumes, contributed by various members of t.he hall; the choir, or chapel proper, bounded on the north and east by the gardens of New College, has memorial windows to the Rev. John Branthwaite M.A. Principal, 1861-4, and to Bishop Wilson, Vice-Principal, d. 2 Jan. 1858; the east window has also been filled with stained glass designed by Mr. William Morris M.A.~ F.S.A. beneath which is an altar piece representing "Christ bearing his Cross." In r82r the- advowson of Gatcombe, in the Isle of Wight, was purchased by the University as an augmentation of the revenues of the Principal by a benefaction of £1,ooo, under the will of the Rev. George Holme D.D. of Queen's College, in 1763, which had accumulated in the interval. The first principal presented to it was the Rev. William Thompson D.D. principal 1843-54. Members of this hall are admitted to any of the lectures given in or in connection with Queen's College. Rev. Edward Moors D. D. principal; appointed in 1864. Ernest :Kathaniel Bennett M.A. vice-principal. KEBLE COLLEGE. Visitor, The Archbishop of Canterbury. ' Keble College, situate in the Parks road, and nearly opposite the University Museum, was founded in 1868 by public subscription as a memorial to the Rev. John Keble M.A. of Oriel College, vicar of Hursley, formerly professor of Poetry, and author of" The Christian Year," d. 29 ~/[arch, 1866, with the object of providing a University education, " in the free yet religious spirit of the ancient founders," for perso,1s of limited means; the site, comprising about 4! acres, was purcha.sed from St. John's College for £7,007, the foundation stone laid by Archbishop Longley, 25 April, 1868, and the college, incor~ porated by Royal Charter 6 June, r87o, was opened 23 June following, by the Marquess of Salisbury K.G. Chancellor of the University, and was admitted to the privileges of the University by decree of Convocation, 18 April, r87r. The. buildings, consisting chiefly of two spacious quadrangles, are constructed of variegated brick with Bath stone dressings, in an early style of Gothic, from de~igns i:>y Mr. Williaru Butterfield, architect, and have been !leverely criticised. The principal entrance is through a sort of gabled tower at the south-east angle, supported by deeply projecting buttresses, reaching to the roof, which is surmounted by a chimney stack; a wide vaulted archway in the lower ~torey conduct~ to the broad gravelled terrace surrounding the quadrangle, on the south side of which, and immediately opposite the gateway, are the hall and library, divided from each other by a staircase, with two common rooms, lecture room and kitchen beneath; the hall, 127 by 35 feet, is one of the most capacious in Oxford ; it is pa-nelled all round, the panelling at the dais end being higher and more elaborate ; the windows are traceried and on one side is a projecting gallery, carried on three arches; the long wagon roof is divided by arched principals and sub-principals, and the intervening spaces are panelled and decorated; on the walls hang portraits of the Rev. John Keble, Archbishop Longley, the present warden, and J. A. Shaw Steward esq. M.A. bursar, 1876-8o: the library includes that of Mr. Keble, removed here from Hursley, and here also is Mr. Holman Hunt's well-known painting "The Light of the World," presented to the college by Mrs. Combe, widow of T. Combe esq. M.A. founder -of St. Barnabas' church. On the north side is the chapel, a lcfty structure 125 feet in lengt-h by 35 feet wide and go feet high, erected at a cost of upwards of £5o,ooo, by the late William Gibbs esq. of Tyntesfield, near· Bristol, who himself laid the first stone on 25 April, 1873, and the building was opened 26 April, r876; it consis.ts of a sacrarium, shallow south transept, choir and a gabled ante-chapel at the west end, crowned on the south side by a group {)f " St. Michael vanquishing the Dragon," and on the north by a tall and plain chimney: the interior is constructed, as the rest of the edifice, of motley brickwork, and is lined with scripture pictures in coloured mosaic, and profusely adorned with carving in variegated marbles, granite and alabaster: the whole. of the· windows, placed at an unusual height, are stained, chiefly red, of the crudest ~nd most violent tint, and above spreads a vaulted ceiling, painted throughout and gilt; these decorative works, taken collectively, are intended to illustrate the successive dealings of the. Creator with His Church, Patriarchal, Jewish and Christian; and follow, to some extent, the plan of" The Christian Year;" the south transept is filled with a large organ, also presented by 1\Ir. Gibbs : the fittings are of oak and walnut wood and the benches are arranged transversely, and not, as is usual in collegiate chapels, parallel with the sides:

• • .DmECTORY. J OXFORDSHIRE . OXFOIU>. 183 the external walls are relieved with niches, containing sculptured figures, one of which represents Dr. Longley, .Archbishop of Canterbury (1862-8): the Warden's resi- .del'l.c.e is a detached building, in the area south of the Pusey quadrangle, where also stand a clock tower and \Various offices : this quadrangle is partly occupied by the .coiJ.ege servants, and includes a. bursary and steward's .offices with a large lecture-room above, as well as rooms for the bursar and nndergraduates: the foundation consists of a Warden, a Council of TI()t less than nine nor more than twelve members, twelve scholars, one organ scholar and nine exhibitioners, and the whole internal administration and discipline of the college is lodged oy the Charter of Incorporation in the. hands of the War- (].e.n: the late Rev. Canon Liddol1J D.D. (d. 18go) by his will, dated 24 Nov. 1885, bequeathed lll sum of £1,000 to add to the scholarship previously founded by him. at this college for the encouragement of the study of Divinity amongst persons intending to take holy orders, and also ,gave to the college library all his theological, historical and liturgical books: the college presents to 29 benefices. Rev. Robert James Wilson D.D. warden; elected in 1894. :Rev. Waiter Lock M.A. sub-warden and senior tutor. Col. John Purefoy Ellis Jervoise, bursar. Dudley Julius Medley M.A. dean of degrees and tutor. .John 'l'racey M.A. librarian, dean of college and tutor. Basil Harwood M.A., B.Mus. precent.or. There are.also seven other tutors. Private Halls. By a statute passed in 1882 (in lieu of the former .statute of 1855), any member of Convocation above the .age of twenty-eight, may, upon certain conditions, obtain irom the Vice-Chancellor, with the consent of the' Hebdomadal Councils, a licence to open a suitable building as a private hall for the reception and! tuition of matriculated students, who shall be admissible to degrees and ··other privileges of the University and be under the same discipline and conditions as other students, and the proprietor of such hall is to bear the title of " Licensed Master." There are now three of these: Turrell's Hall, The Willows, Magdalen bridge, Rev. Henry .J oseph Turrell M.A. Hertford College, licensed master; Grindle's Hall, 8 & 9 Beaumont street, Edmund Samuel Grindle M.A. Queen's, licensed master; -and Marcon's Hall, Parks road, Rev. Charles Abdy Marcon, M.A. licensed master. Non-Collegiate Students. Under a statute passed in Act Term, r868, students may, under certain conditions prescribed in Statt. Tit. Ill. Sec. 1 and 4, matriculate as members of the Uni- -versity a.ltlwugh unconnected with any college or hall ; -such persons keep their required terms of residence in houses or licensed lodgings in the town and possess the -same rights and privileges with regard to the University as are enjoyed by other students. The admission ot students into the University under the prescribed condi1iions, the conduct of their studies, and the exercise of discipline over them, are entrusted to a delegacy, consisting of the vice-chancellor, proctors, a censor and the controller of lodging houses, ex-officio, one perpetual delegate and six members of Convocation holding office for six years. The censa·r, who is especially charged with the supervision of their studies and conduct and the -tutors are appointed by the Delegacy. The Rev. Richard William Massey Pope .D. D. Worcester College, censor; .appointed 1890. There is a body of 15 tutors. Colonial and Indian Universities. By a statute of the University passed in r887 any University situated in any part of the British Dominions other than Great Britian may apply to the Vice-Chancellor to be admitted to the privileges conferred under the statute; the application is to be reported to the Hebdomadal Council, and the Council may, if it think fit, propose to Convocation that the University so applying should be admitted t.o these privileges. The regulations permitting students of such Universities to enter for the examinations of this University are set forth in the Calendar. The Universities at present admitted to the specified privileges are :- 1888, Nov. 27, The University of the Cape of Good Hope. . The University of Sydney. r889, May 21, Th&. University of Calcutta. Oct. 29, The University of the Punjaub • .r8go, Nov. 4, The University of Bombay . I8g1, Feb. 3, The University of .Adelaide. r8g4, June. 19, The. Universit;1 of Madras . • • Affiliated Colleges. By a stat11te of the University, passed in 1880 an<l largely amended in 1893, any college or institution within the United Kingdom, 01' i:q any part of the British Dominions, being a place ot education in which the majority of the students are, of the age of 17 at the least, may be admitted to the privileges of an affiliated college on the conditions following :- ' I. The college or institution must be incorporated b}" Royal Charter or otherwise established on a permanent and efficient footing. 2. It must allow the University to be represented on its governing body and to take part in its examinations_ 3· It must have been admitted to the privileges of an affiliated college by vote of Convocation . 4· The connection between it. and the University must be terminable at the will of either body . • The conditions on which students of such colleges can be admitted to matriculation, to the examination of the University and to its degrees are fully set forth in the Calendar. • The institutions at present admitted are:- I88o, June I, St. David's College, Lampeter . I882. June, IS, University College, Nottingham. 1886, June 29, Firth College, Sheffield. The population in I894 of the colleges and halls was as follows :- COLLEGES. Members Members Under- of Con- on graduates. vocation. books. All Souls .......................... . 6 89 115 Balliol , ........•... , ...........•....• 236 416 86o Brasenose ............................. . 127 331 563 Christ Church ................... .. . 295 759 I,359 Corpus Christi ........... , ....... . Exeter ... ~ .......................... . Hertford ................. ~. ........ . • Jesus ................................. . l(elJle ...•......................•..... Lincoln ............................. . Magdalen .......................... . Merton ............................... . New ............... ··· ............... . Oriel ................................. . Pembroke .,. ................... · ...... . Queen's ...... ·•····· · · · ··· ..... ·· ··· St. John's ........ ···· · .... · ·· ·· · •· · ·· · • Trinity .... ·· ··· ··· ··· ··· · ·· · · · · · · ··· Untversi . "t ·Y .................... ; ..... . Wadham . ·· · ·· · ·· ·· · ··· · ·· ·· · · · · ··· W orces'ter. · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · HALLS. New Inn ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • St. Edmund ....................... . St. Mary ... · · · · · · ··· ·· · · · · ··· · · · · ·· ss 220 365 161 540 854 86 173 327 93 110 29S 202 79 1 73 129 253 99 ss II9 132 178 128 S9 104 • 174 185 2S1 2 57 311 238 178 2 97 334 30I 30I 240 233 attached to Balliol 621 341 635 512 8n 400 324 542 6o8 630 567 443 435 36 37 99 49 39 I2I PRIVATE HALLS. 'furrell's ...... ··· ··· ··· · ··· ·· · ·· · · ·· 6 2 9 Grindle's ... · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· 3 0 4 Marcon's ................. :·········· 35 I 44 NoN-CoLLEGIAT~ STUDENTS. 244 1o6 454

184 OXFORD. OXFORDSHIRE. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. Elected. Elected. Chancellor, The MostjHon. the Marquess of Salisbury Public Orator, William Waiter Merry D.D. Rector of K.G.,D.C.L ...................................................... 1869 Lincoln.......................................................... I88o High Steward, Rt. Hon. Eatl of Selborne P.C.,D.C.L. 1891 Bodleian Librarian, Edward Williams Byron NkholDeputy Steward, Alexander Staveley Hill Q.C.,M. P , D.C. L. . ........................•............................... Vice-Chancellor, John Richard Magrath D. D. Provost of Queen's ................................................•.... Pro-Vice Chancellors, James Hellamy D.D.President ~f St. John's; Henry Boyd D.D. Principal of Hertford; Hon.George Charles Hrodrick D.C.L. Warden of Merton; William Inge D.D.Provost of Worcester Burgesses, The Right Hon. Sir John Robert Mowbray bart., M.P., P.C., D.C.L. 47 Onslow gardens, London SW; Christ Church, Warrennes wood, Martimer, Reading ; Carlton & Oxford & Cambridge clubs, London S W ......................................... . John Gilbert Talbot M.P., D.C.L. Christ Church, 10 Great George street, London S W ; Falconhurst, Eden Bridge, Kent; Carlton & Travellers' clubs, London S W ...................................................... . son M.A. Trinity ........................................... . 1874 Sub-Librarians, Adolf Neubauer M.A. Exeter ....... .. 1868 Falconer Madan M. A. Brasenose ....................... .. Keeper of the Archives, Rev. Thomas Vere Hayne M. A. Christ Church ............................................... . Registrar of the University, Rev. Edward Tiudal Turner M.A. Brasenose ..............•..................... Clerks of the Market, Rev. Robert Godfrey·Faussett M.A. Christ Church ; Rev. Charles Henry Olive Daniel M.A. Worcester Keeper of the University Museum, E. B. Tylor M.A. hon. D.C.L. Balliol ........................•..•............... Keeper of the Indian Institute & Curator for Life, Sir Monier Monier-Williams knt. K.C.I.E Curator of University Galleries, T. W. Jackson M. A. "" 1 orcester ........................................................ . Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, A. J. Evans M.A. 18]0 1890' Proctors, George Edward Underhill M.A. Fellow of Magdalen; Charles William Chadwick Oman M.A. Fellow of All Souls Brasenose. ...• ............. .. ... ..• ... ... .............. .. . .. .. ... ... .1884-- Radcliffe Librarian, Sir H. W. Acland K.C.B., D.M. Pro-Proctors, Alfred Denis Godley M.A. Fellow of Magdalen; Clement Charles Julius Webb M.A. Fellow of Magdalen ; Henry Devenish Leigh M. A. Fellow of Corpus; Rev. Arthur Cayley Headlam M.A. Fellow of All Souls Christ Church, formerly Fellow of All Souls......... 185x Solicitor, Frederic Parker Morrell M.A. St. John's.... 1883 Coroners for the University, Frederick Parker Morrell M.A. St. John's, 1868; William Lewis Morgau M.A. Exeter......................................... ........ ... 189.._ Curators of the Theatre, The Vice Chancellor, The Proctors, Sir William R. Anson, hart. D.C.L. Warden of All Souls; Edward Moore D.D. Principal of St. Edmund Hali; William W. Jackson D. D. Rector of Exeter College Bedels, G. Shelton (Law), E. Parker (Medicine), W. Moon (Arts), Edward Holland Bellamy (Divinity) Organist, James Taylor, Doe. Mus. New College Clerk of the University, George Parker Assessor of Chancellor's Court, Thomas Erskine Hol- Bellman & Marshal, Henry Stephens land D.C.L. All Souls ...................................... . 1876 Verger, John William Craddock Colleges and Halls. IJniversity .......... ............... . Balliol ............................. . Merton ............................ . Exeter ............................. . Oriel ............................... . Queen's ........................... . New College ................... .. Lincoln .......................... . All Souls .......................... . Magdalen ....................... . 13rasenose ......................... . Corpus Christi ........ ., ....... . Christ Church ................ .. T . 't rtm y ........................... . St. John's ....................... . Jr~llS ............................. . Wad ham ........................ . Pembroke ........................ . Worcester ....................... . Hertford ......................... . Keble ......................... ...... . St. Edmund HalJ ........... . St. Mazy Hall ................... . New Inn Hall ................. . HEADS OF COLLEGES AND HALLS. Founded. Heads. 872 Rev. James Franck Bright D. D ................................ . 1263 Edward Caird M.A. hon. D.C.L .............................. . 1274 Hon. George Charles Brod!'ick D.C.L ....................... . 1314 Rev. William Walrond Jackson D.D ......................... . 1326 David Binning Munro M.A ........................ .............. .. 1340 Rev. John Richard Magrath D.D ............................. . 1379 Rev. James Edwards Sewell D.D ............................. . 1427 Rev. William Waiter Merry D.D ............................. . 1437 Sir William Reynell Anson bart. D.C.L ................... .. 1458 Thomas Herbert Warren M. A ................................ . 1509 Charles Bull er Heberden M.A ................................ . 1516 Rev. Thomas Fowler D.D ...................................... . 1546 I$54 1555 1571 1612 1624 1714 1282 1868 !269 1333 1392 Very Rev. Francis Paget D.D ................................ . Rev. Henry George Woods D.D ............ , ................ . Rev. James Eellamy D. D ....................................... . Prof. John Rhys M.A., hon. LL. D.Edin .................... . George Ear lam Thorley M.A ............................... . Rev. Canon & Prof. Bartholomew Price D. D .............. . Rev. William Inge D.D ............................... ............ . Rev. Henry Boyd D.D .......................................... . Rev. Robert James Wilson D.D ............................. . Rev. Edward Moore D. D ......................................... . Rev. Drummond Percy Chase D.D ......................... .. This Hall is now united to Balliol College. PRIVATE HALLS. Turrell's .......................................... Rev. Henry Joseph Turrell M.A ............................. . Grindle's ............................................. Edmund Samuel Grind1e M.A ................................ .. Marcon's .......................................... Rev. Charles Abdy Marcon M. A .............................. . PROFESSORS. Itlaster ...... .. Master ....... . Vl'arden ..... . Rector ........ . Provost ..... .. Provost ...... . Warden ..... . Rector ........ . Warden ..... . President ... Principal ... President ••• Dean ......... . President ... President ... Principal ... Warden .... .. Master .... .. Provost .... .. Warden ...••• Principal ... Principal ••• Principal ... Elected. J88..x 1893- 1881.. 1887 1882' I8j.S 1800· 1884- 1881 188,5: 18891 188L 189Z 1887' 1871 1895, 18Sil 189Z 1881 1889< 1877 J864. 185;r Licensed master ditto ditto • Date of Professorship. Name of Professor. College. Appointment. Divinity (Regius) .............................. Canon William Ince D.D .................. Christ Church..................... 1878 Divinity (Margaret) ........................... Canon Charles A bel Heurtley D.D ...... Christ Church .................. ·~ 1S53 Hebrew (RegiUB) .............................. Canon Samuel Rolles Driver D.D ...... Christ Church..................... ~ssz