GRADE 4 NEPALI

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s'a/] dbt u5g{ \ .

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-u_ zªs\ /n] u0fz] nfO{ leq k7fP .
-3_ sa' /] s}nfzaf6 kms]{ .
-ª_ dn} ] laTyfdf wgsf] 3dG8 u/]“ .

!@= ltdLn] hfgs] f] Pp6f syf eg .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $

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;ª\Vof yf/] } 5 . w/] h} ;f] dflg; ul/a 5g\ . pgLx¿ k};f art ug{
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cj:yfdf art u/s] f] /sd sfddf cfp“5 .

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rf8kj,{ lax,] j|taGw h:tf sfod{ f kmhn' vr{ u5{g\ . c¿nfO{ bv] fpg

10 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $

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>bw\ f xg' k' 5{ . cfk\mgf] cj:yf x/] /] rf8kj{ dgfpg'k5{ . lax,] jt| aGw /
cGo rf8af8df klg a9L vr{ ug'{ x“b' g} .

xfdLn] b;}“df dfGohgaf6 kfpg] cfzLjf{b lsg]/ kfO“b}g . ltxf/df
lbbLalxgLn] u/s] f bL3f{o'sf] sfdgf dfn] lt//] kfOGg . To:t} Ob, ljm| ;d;,
Nxf;] f/ / kmfus' f] /dfOnf] k;ndf al] rb“ g} . t;y{ rf8kj{ kmhn' vr{ u//] xfO] g,
;b\efjn] dgfpgk' 5{ .

k};f art ug{] afgL eof] eg] w/] } s/' fdf kmfObf xG' 5 . cfgf gftb] f/,
Oi6ldqnfO{ vfr“ f] k/]sf an] f dbt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;aeGbf 7'nf] s'/f ;fx';u“
C0f sf9\g' kbg}{ . ;fxs' f] C0f ltg{ g;s]/ slt dflg;sf] laNnLaf7 klg
ePsf] 5 .

k};f ;lhn};“u sdfpg ;ls“b}g . o;sf nflu s8f kl/>d ugk{' 5{ . sl7g
kl/>d u/L sdfPsf] ;DklTtnfO{ hfu] fpgk' 5{ . k;} f hfu] fpg' g} art ug{' xf] .
k;} f plrt sfddf vr{ ug'k{ 5{ . cfkm" nfO{ geO{ gxg' ] j:t' dfq lsGg'k5{ .
ahf/df h] b]Vof] cyjf c¿ ;fyLsf] h] b]Vof], ToxL lsGgk' 5{ eGg] efjgf
x6fpgk' 5{ . ;se/ o; dlxgfdf olt vr{ ug]{ / olt hf]ufpg] eGg] ofh] gf
u/] ´g\ /fdf| ] xG' 5 . o;f] u/]df art ug{ ;lsG5 .

art ug]{ s/' f k};fdf dfq nfu' x'“bg} . ;dosf] art, pmhf{sf] art cflb
ljleGg s/' fdf nfu' xg' ;S5 . ;dosf] art ug'{ eg]sf] ;dosf] ;bk' ofu]
ug'{ xf] . To:t} pmhfs{ f] art ug'{ eg]sf] pmhf{sf] pkofu] ug'{ xf] .

so} f“} dflg;n] art u/s] f] /sdaf6 c;n sfd u/s] f 5g\ . sltn] kf6L,
wf/f, k':tsfno, ljBfno cflb vfN] g dbt u/s] f 5g\ . xfdL klg k};f
art u/]/ c;n sfddf nufpg ;S5f}“ . c;n sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{
;a}n] cfb/ u5g{ \ . art u/]sf] ;DklTtn] c;n sfd ug{ ;s] dflg; cd/
aG5 . ;dfhdf dfg dofb{ f a95\ . o;n} ] ;fgb} l] v art ug{] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $ 11

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M

wf}wf,} >¢f, kmhn' , a}ª\s, C0f, kl/>d, vr{, czSt, jt| aGw

@= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M
jrt, ;+Vof, k/' o\ fpg'k5,{ rf8k|j, jt| aGw

#= tnsf] c+z zb' \w;“u k9]/ sIffdf ;g' fpm M

s]xL dflg;x¿df ;f]r ljrf/lagf g} k;} f vr{ ug{] afgL xG' 5 . pgLx¿
rf8kj{, lax,] j|taGw h:tf sfod{ f kmh'n vr{ u5g{ \ . c¿nfO{ bv] fpg
lagfl;lTtdf a9L k};f vr{ u5g{ \ . of] /fdf| ] afgL xf]Og . k};f a9L
vr{ u/]/ dfq rf8kj{ / Jofjxfl/s sfo{ ;DkGg xg' ] xf]Og . o;sf
nflu t rf8kj{kl| t jf:tljs >¢f x'gk' 5{ . cfÇgf] cj:yf x]/]/ rf8kj{
dgfpgk' 5{ . lax], jt| aGw / cGo rf8af8df a9L vr{ ug{' x“'bg} .

$= zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

czSt cfb/

>¢f a]sfdsf] vr{

dfGohg lahf]u

bL3f{o ' sdhf]/

kmhn' vr{ Aofh saf]n u/]/ lnOg] wg

;b\efj OGwg

C0f nfdf] cfo'

laNnLaf7 c;n efjgf

pmhf { dfGgk' g]{ JolSt

12 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $

%= pTt/ eg M

-s_ art ug'{ s:tf] afgL xf] <
-v_ s:tf dflg;sf] ;ªV\ of yf]/} xG' 5 <
-u_ s] gu/d] f eljiodf b'Mv xg' ;S5 <
-3_ s:tf j:t' dfq lsGgk' 5{ <
-ª_ art u/s] f] /sdaf6 dflg;x¿ s] u5{g\ <

^= pTt/ nv] M

-s_ xfdLn] k;} f lsg ljrf/ u/]/ vr{ ugk'{ 5{ <
-v_ ul/ax¿ lsg k};f art ug{ ;St}gg\ <
-u_ rf8kj{ dgfpb“ f s'g s/' fdf Wofg lbg' a;] xG' 5 <
-3_ kf7cg';f/ s'g s'g s/' f lsGg kfO“b}g <
-ª_ art ug]{ s/' f s] sd] f nfu' xG' 5 <
-r_ art u/]sf] wg sd] f nufpg ;lsG5 <

&= tnsf jfSo k9 / To;af6 ltdLn] a'´s] f s'/f nv] L lzIfsnfO{

bv] fpm M

-s_ rf8kj{ kmh'n vr{ u/]/ xf]Og, ;b\efjn] dgfpg'k5{ .
-v_ xfdL klg k;} f art u//] c;n sfddf nufpg ;S5f}“ .

*= ;x' fpb“ f] zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ ––––––––– nfO{ bO' { 5fs vfg wfw} f} k5{ . -ul/a, wgL, el" dklt_

-v_ ––––––––– ;“u k|z:t ;DklTt xG' 5 . -ul/a, wgL, dhb/' _

-u_ ––––––––– df vftf vfn] L k;} f hDdf ul/G5 .

-:jf:Yo rf}sL, k|x/L rfs} L, aª} s\ _

-3_ cfkm" eGbf ;fgfnfO{ ––––––– lbOG5 . -ufnL, ;Ddfg, cfzLjfb{ _

-ª_ ––––––––– ;be\ fj / pdªu\ n] dgfOG5 . -rf8kj,{ /fk] fO,“ a;fO;“ /fO_

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 13

(= tnsf] cg'R5]b z'¢;u“ ;f/]/ lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm M

so} f}“ dflg;n] art u/]sf] /sdaf6 c;n sfd u/]sf 5g\ . sltn]
kf6L, wf/f, k:' tsfno, ljBfno cflb vf]Ng dbt u/s] f 5g\ . xfdL
klg k};f art u/]/ c;n sfddf nufpg ;S5f}“ . c;n sfd
ug{] dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] cfb/ u5g{ \ . art u/]sf] ;DklTtn] c;n sfd
ug{ ;s] dflg; cd/ aG5 . ;dfhdf dfg dof{bf a95\ . o;}n]
;fgb} l] v art ug]{ afgL a;fNg'k5{ .

!)= pbfx/0f x]/L tnsf jfSosf] 9fr“ f kl/jt{g u/ M

pbfx/0f MpgLx¿nfO{ 5fs 6fg{ wfw} f} k5{ .
pgLx¿nfO{ 5fs 6fg{ wfw} f} kbg{} .

-s_ d;u“ k;} f 5 .
-v_ ;j' 0f{ u?' df gk] fnL k9fpgx' G' 5 .
-u_ /fhg efO /fd/| L k9\5 .
-3_ l;h{gf nfs] uLt ufpl“ 5g\ .
-ª_ dgsnf sIffdf k|yd x'lG5g\ .

!!= ltdLn] cfkm\ gf] l5d]sdf kmhn' vr{ ug{] dflg; b]vs] f xf}
nf ltgnfO{ kmh'n vr{af6 xg' ] xflgaf/] ;D´fpg'k/] s] s]
;Nnfx lbG5f}, kf“r jfSo n]v .

!@ dflg;x¿ vfg]s'/f klg kmfNg] u5{g\ . o:tf dflg;nfO{
vfg]s'/f art ug'{k5{ egL ;Nnfx lbg'k/] ltdL s;/L
;Demfp“5f},n]v/] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

14 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $

$ gf}nfv tf/f

rDs g rDs gf}nfv tf/f – b}j1/fh Gofk} fg]
cfsfzel/ xf]Ob]pm
cf“uglar lg:s/] x5] f}{“ 15
afbn 5fof 5fO] b]pm .

h'gsf] bz] 8fs x] Û ltdL
hg' ]nL /fd|f] 5fofdf
zLtsf cf“;' kfv] ]/ x5] f“{}
kUn/] xfd}| dfofdf .

rDs g rDs gf}nfv tf/f
cfsfz ;f/f eg{nfO{
w/tL xfdf| ] l;“uf/L 5f]8\5f}“
;kgL k"/f ugn{ fO{ .

l´nldn Hof]lt 5/ x] Û ltdL
lxdfn jfl/kfl/sf
k"mnsf y'u“ f sf;] n] L lbG5f“}
ltdLnfO{ xfd|f] af/Lsf .

rDs g rDs gf}nfv tf/f
cfsfz l;ªu\ } el/b]pm
w/tL xfd|f] pHofnf] kf5f{}“
ls/0f gfn} f 5l/b]pm .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

cEof;

!= lzIFsn] ‘gf}nfv tf/f’ nodf ufPsf] ;'g / To;}cg;' f/ ufP/
;fyLnfO{ klg ;g' fpm .

@= tnsf zAb k|:6;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

cfu“ g, 5fof, cfsfz, pHofnf,] ls/0f

#= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

sL/0f, wlt{, sf]if]ln, tLld, hft] L, b];

$= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

zLt ;f}uft
w/tL ;kgf
;kgL k[YjL
yu“' f l;ª\uf] km" n
sf;] ]nL gof“
ls/0f cf;]
gfn} f k|sfz

%= sljtfsf kªl\ St k/" f u/ M

-s_ _______ ______ ______ _____
cfsfzel/ xfO] b]pm
_______ ______ ______ _____
afbn 5fof 5f]Ob]pm .

-v_ l´nldn Hofl] t 5/ x] Û ltdL d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $
_______ ______ ______ _____
k"mnsf y“'uf sf];]nL lbG5f}“
_______ ______ ______ _____

16

^= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

rDs tf/f gf}nfv cfsfz b]z
cf“; ' k"/f lxdfn k"mn pHofnf

&= pTt/ bp] m M

-s_ sljtfdf s] ss] f] j0fg{ 5 <

-v_ tf/fnfO{ lsg gfn} fv elgG5 <

-u_ hg' sf] bz] sg' 7fpn“ fO{ elgG5 <

-3_ tf/fnfO{ lsg rDs eg]sf] xf] <

-ª_ s] eP w/tL pHofnf] xG' 5 <

-r_ w/tL l;u“ fg{] ;kgf s;sf] 5 <

-5_ sxf“sf] sf];n] L s;nfO{ lbg] xf] <

*= tnsf jfSosf pko'St 7fp“df bfof“tkm{ sf ldNbf lrxg\ bp] m M

-s_ tf/f slxn] sxf“ rDsG5g\

-v_ d efO / af aflx/ a;]sf lyof}“ æÆ

-u_ cfxf Sof /fd|f] rGbd| f ,

-3_ /fdn] eGof] cfsfzdf tf/f pbfP <

-ª_ cfsfzdf c;ª\Vo tf/fx¿ 5g\ .

(= tnsf zAb k9 / cy{ a'´ M ¦

zLt = cf];
l;t = ;u“

kfl/ = kNnf]lt/ k6\l6 = tkm{
kf/L = kfg]{ sfd u/L k6\6L = 3fpdf afW“ g] lkmTtf

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 17

!)= tnsf vfnL 7fp“df pkoS' t zAb e/]/ sljtf k/" f u/ / k9]/

;g' fpm M

sfuh sf6\g] –––––– t -5'/f, aGr/f], v's'/L_
–––––– lu8“ \g] s“}rL -d'nf, d'9f, dl" t_{
–––––– vN] g] r}t] afb“ / -cfxfn, k'm6an, 5'gd' g' '_
?v –––––– e};“ L -;T' g], bf}8g,] r9g\ _]
–––––– rn' L kNnfk] 6\l6 -t/fO,{ kxf8, lxdfn_
?kLn] –––––– sf]5{ -skfn, sfuh, leTtf_
km6o\ fª\u|fn] xnf] –––––– -efR“ 5, hf]T5, kfT] 5_
l´u“ f] –––––– kmf5] { -xNnf, 8Nnf, rNnf_

!!= ‘gfn} fv tf/f’ sljtf s07 kf//] ;'gfpm .

!@= tnsf] sf]7]kbaf6 vf]h]/ n]v M

d' h' / /f d ] 5f k ;L
u' Dnf s ' n' Gh ; ' /] tf
/f O 9 ' sf u df jf kf
d 6 lj 7 n O nf d
kf x /f df kf a g ] kf
Nkf /L 6 8f“} g] hf df s'
nL g j n k /f ;L v'
e / t k' / kf ] v /f

!= r/fsf gfd M
@= ;x/sf gfd M
#= lhNnfsf gfd M

18 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $

% gLdsf] kft

æltdLn] lsg ;a} la?jfx¿ pvn] /] Çof“Sof} <Æ

æ;fg} 5b“ f t o; la?jfsf] kft o:tf] lttf] 5, 7'nf] ePkl5 t o;df ljif kf]
kmNg] xf] ls ¤ To;}n] clxn] g} pvn] ]/ Çof“s]sf] x“ ' .Æ

olb ltdLnfO{ klg dflg;x¿n] la?jfnfO{ h:t} Jojxf/ u/] eg] To;sf]
kl/0ffd s] xf]nf, eg t .Æ

dflysf] ;+jfb Pp6f syfaf6 lnOPsf] xf] . syfsf] ljifo j:t' w]/} cl3sf]
xf] . syf o:tf] 5 M

Ps hgf /fhs'df/ Hofb}
p¢08 / 3dG8L lyP . pgL
cfkm" eGbf 7n' fsf] ckdfg ubf{
/dfOnf] dfGy] . /fhsd' f/sf]
o:tf] afgLn] ;an} fO{ lrlGtt
kf/]sf] lyof] . /fhs'df/
sf] pkb|jb]lv ;a} x}/fg
ePsf lyP . /fhf :jod\

klg /fhs'df/sf rfn rngb]lv hgtfsf ;fd' nlHht lyP . pgL
/fhs'df/sf] b'Jo{jxf/af6 s;/L d'lSt kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] pkfo
;f]lr/xGy] . pgn] s}of}“ k6s /fhs'df/nfO{ g;D´fPsf] klg xf]Og t/
/fhsd' f/df ;w' f/ ePg . /fhsd' f/sf] rfnf ;l' w|g] 5f6“ klg bl] vPg .
/fhfnfO{ oxL s/' fsf] lrGtfn] ;tfof] .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 19

/fhfsf] lrGtfsf] sf/0f a'¢sf] sfgdf k¥of] . /fhfnfO{ lk/ k/]sf] 7fgL
a'¢n] pgnfO{ 8fSg k7fP . /fhfn] klg a'¢nfO{ e]6L /fhs'df/sf] ;a}
jT[ tfGt ;g' fP . pgL /fhs'df/sf] b'Jox{ f/af/] ;'Gg gk/f;] \ eGg] rfxGy] .
/fhfn] a'¢;u“ laGtL u/], æof] ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg xf]nf, d t ;f/} lrlGtt
eO;s“] . a'¢n] ;fGTjgf lb“b} eg,] æb'MvL gxf]pm /fhg\ ¤ /fhsd' f/ cjZo klg
;l' wG| 5g\ . a? pgnfO{ dsxf“ k7fpm .Æ

/fhf v;' L x'b“ } b/af/lt/ kmls{P . pgn] lrGtfaf6 d'lSt kfOg] eof] eGg]
7fg] . pgn] /fhsd' f/nfO{ a¢' sf] ;Gb]z klg ;'gfP . a¢' sf] ;Gb]z eg]
/fhsd' f/n] :jLsf/ u/] .

ef]lnkN6 g} /fhsd' f/ a'¢sf cufl8 pleP . a¢' n] klg gLdsf la?jfsf
s]xL kftx¿  l6k]/ Nofpm egL pgnfO{ cfb]z lbP . pgn] klg t'?Gt}
kftx¿ l6k/] NofP . o;kl5 a¢' n] eg,] æ/fhsd' f/, ltdL Hofb} cf1fsf/L
/x]5f,} ca ltdLn] NofPsf kftx¿ rkfpm t .Æ /fhsd' f/n] kftx¿ dv' df

xfn] . pgL kft rkfpg yfn] .
Ps} l5gkl5 pgn] dv' lauf/] .
pgn] kftx¿ rkfpg g;sL ys' ] .
/fhsd' f/nfO{ lgdsf kftx¿sf] :jfb
yfx} lyPg . lttfn] ubf{ pgL Ps l5g
/GylgP . pgnfO{ a]:;/L l/;
p7\of] . cfÇgf] l/; lgoGq0f ug{
g;sL pgL ;a} gLdsf la?jf
pv]n]/ Çof“Sg yfn] . cfkm" n] bv] ]
hlt gLdsf la?jfx¿ pvn] ]/ pgL
a'¢sf ;fd' pleP .

a'¢n] /fhs'df/;“u ;f]w], æltdLn]
lsg gLdsf ;a} la?jfx¿ pvn] ]/

20 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $

Çof“ss] f] <Æ /fhsd' f/n] hjfkm lbP, æ;'Ggx' f];,\ ;fg} 5“bf t o; la?jfsf]
kft olt lttf] 5\, 7n' f] ePkl5 t o;df ljif kf] kmNg] xf] ls ¤ To;n} ] clxn]
g} pv]n/] Çofs“ s] f] x'“ .Æ

/fhs'df/sf] pTt/ ;'g]kl5 a'¢n] eg], æ/fhs'df/, ltdL klg clxn] gLdsf
oL la?jf h:t} ;fgf 5f} . ltdL dflg;x¿;u“ lttf] / dg gkg{] Jojxf/
u5f}{ . olb dflg;x¿n] ltdLn] la?jfnfO{ u/] h:t} Jojxf/ u/] eg] To;sf]
kl/0ffd s] xfn] f < eg t .Æ

oL s/' f ;'g]kl5 /fhsd' f/ 5fu“ faf6 v;] h:tf eP . pgnfO{ cfk"mn] Hofb}
g/fd|f] sfd u/]sf] /x]5' eGg] nfUof] . pgnfO{ cfÇgf] e'nsf] k5'tf]
eof] . kl5 pgsf] afgLax] f]/f c;n x“'b} uof] . clg pgL ;a} dflg;x¿sf dg
kg]{ klg eP .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 21

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M

kl/0ffd, p¢08, ;w' g| ,' a¢' , ;tfpg,' bJ' oj{ xf/, jT[ tfGt, pkbj|

@= ‘gLdsf] kft’ syf kfnk} fnf] k9]/ ;'gfpm .

#= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

ÇofSof,} /fh s'df/, lrGltt, lat| fGt, ab' \b

$= k9 / n]v M

;fg} 5b“ f t o; la?jfsf] kft olt lttf] 5, 7n' f] ePkl5 t
o;df ljif kf] kmNg] xf] ls ¤ To;}n] clxn] g} pv]n]/ Çof“ss] f] x'“ .

%= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $

zAb cy{

ljif afgLa]xf/] f
kl/0ffd hx/
pB08 7n' f] x'“ eGg]
3dG8L s8f :jefjsf]
lrlGtt g/fdf| ] Jojxf/
pkb|j bM' lvt
nlHht pkb|f]
bJ' oj{ xf/ glthf, kmn
rfnf eg]sf] dfGg]
b08 va/
j[TtfGt aofg
;fGTjgf ;hfo
dl' St 56' sf/f
;Gb]z ;D´fpg] sfd
cf1fsf/L nfhdbf]{

lgoGq0f cwLg

22

^= pTt/ eg M

-s_ of] syf slxns] f] xf] <
-v_ /fhf lsg hgtfsf ;fd' nlHht lyP <
-u_ /fhfn] a'¢nfO{ s] s'/f ;g' fP <
-3_ a¢' n] /fhsd' f/nfO{ s] ug{ nufP <
-ª_ /fhs'df/n] lsg d'v lauf/] <

&= tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M

afgL a]xf/] f lbSs

/fhsd' f/sf] pkb|j af6 ;a} jfSs ePsf lyP .

bJ' oj{ xf/ x}/fg

rfn rng

*= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

x/} fg, lrGtf, gLd, /fhf, 5f“uf,] la?jf, k5t' f], en'

(= pTt/ nv] M

-s_ /fhsd' f/sf] :jefj s:tf] lyof] <

-v_ s'g s/' fn] /fhf lrlGtt lyP <

-u_ lsg a¢' n] /fhs'df/nfO{ 8fs] <

-3_ s;/L /fhsd' f/sf] afgLax] f/] f kl/jtg{ eof] <

-ª_ /fhs'df/n] gLdsf la?jfx¿ lsg pv]n/] kmfn] <

-r_ o; syfaf6 ltdLn] s] l;Sof} <

!)= k9, a´' / nv] M

olb dflg;x¿n] ltdLn] la?jfnfO{ u/] h:t} Jojxf/ u/] eg]
To;sf] kl/0ffd s] xf]nf <

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $ 23

!!= syf k9 / egfOnfO{ j|md ldnfO{ n]v M

-s_ /fhsd' f/ la?jf pv]n/] a'¢sf ;fd' pleP .
-v_ /fhsd' f/n] l/; lgoGq0f ug{ g;sL gLdsf la?jfx¿ pvn] /] kmfn] .
-u_ /fhs'df/n] gLdsf kft rkfpg g;sL y's] .
-3_ /fhfn] /fhsd' f/nfO{ a'¢sxf “ k7fP .
-ª_ /fhsd' f/ ;as} f dg kg{] eP .

!@= ltdLn] hfg]sf] Pp6f syf n]vL sIffdf ;g' fpm .

!#= tnsf ufpv“ fg] syf k9 / ltgsf] pTt/ vfh] M

-s_ xfTtL l5¥of] kR' 5/ c8S\ of], s] xf] <

-v_ gf}tn] 3/sf] ‰ofn g 9fs] f, s] xf] <

-u_ lsGgn] ] nfpg gkfpg,] nfpg]n] bV] g gkfpg,] s] xf] <

-3_ wfgL{ g la;fn} L b'O{ xftn] prfnL, s] xf] <

-ª_ x'g klg xf,] 5g klg 5, vfH] bf klg kfOb“ }g, rflxb“ f klg

rflxb“ g} , s] xf] < pQ/ M
-r_ lx8“ b\ } 5 kfOnf d6] \b} 5, s] xf] < af;“ , 6fk] L, 8ª' u\ f, df;, es" Dk,

-5_ k8' \s] afxg' sf] ;'s{] rGbg, s] xf] < l;of] wfuf], sfqf,] cla/, v';f{gL

-h_ /ª x'G5 /ftf] o;sf], ¿k rflx“ w'nf], k"hfcfhf ubf{v]l/ sfd

lbG5 7'nf], s] xf] <

-em_ xl/of] /ªsf] 8Nn] bfOsf] k]6el/ bfgf, cfv“ f ltvf kfg{k' 5{
vfP/ of] vfgf, s] xf] <

!%= kfr“ cf]6f ufp“vfg] syf vf]h]/ sIffdf ;'gfpm .

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] hfgs] f ufpv“ fg] syf eGg nufP/ kl| tofl] utfTds cEof;
u/fpg'xf;] \ / /fd|f] ug]{nfO{ :ofaf;L lbgx' f;] \ .

24 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

!^= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} jfSox¿sf] 9f“rf kl/jtg{ u/ M

pbfx/0f M s6] f] g]kfnL k95\ .

s6] L g]kfnL k95\ ] .

-s_ efO 3f“; sf65\ .

-v_ alxgL ljBfno hfG5] .

-u_ pm 3/ hfG5 .

-3_ 5f]/f] ufO{ r/fp“5 .

-ª_ t uLt ufp5“ ;] \ .

-r_ t“ kf7 k95\ ;\ .

-5_ pm sDKo6' / l;S5] .

-h_ 5f/] L k95\ ] .

!&= tnsf] lrq x]/L kf“r jfSodf j0fg{ u/ M

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 25

^ afUdtL gbL

d afUdtL gbL x'“ . gk] fndf d h:tf yk' }| gbL 5g\ . c¿ gbLnfO{ l7s} xf]nf
t/ dnfO{ w/] } ;d:of 5 . To;n} ] cfh d ltdLx¿nfO{ d/] f] syf ;g' fpb“ } 5' .
d/] f] hGd sf7df8f“}sf] lzjk/' L 8f8“ fdf eof] . d ToxL 8f“8fsf] sg' fsfKrfaf6
plk|mb“ ,} vN] b} 7'nL eP“ . d ToxL 8f“8faf6 ;G' b/Lhn, uf]s0f,{ kzk' lt x“'b}
rf]ef/ kU' 5' . Toxfa“ f6 aUb} t/fO{;Dd k'U5' .

d ku' s] f] 7fpd“ f dflg;x¿n] dnfO{ a8f] cfb/ u/s] f 5g\ . dflg;x¿ d/] f]
kh" f u5g{ \ . d]/f] hndf g'xfpg kfp“bf tLy{ofqLx¿ w]/} k0' o sdfPsf] cge' j
u5g{ \ . d/] f] hn bp] tfnfO{ r9fP w]/} wd{ xG' 5 eGg] ljZjf; u5{g\ .
d/] f] lsgf/df w]/} dlGb/x¿ ag]sf 5g\ .
k|l;b\w kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/ d/] } lsgf/df
5 . To:t} ufs] 0f{, u'x\oZ] j/L,
zª\vdn" , krnL, 6]s' cflb
tLy:{ ynx¿ d/] } lsgf/df
5g\ .
dn} ] cfÇgf lsgf/sf
vt] af/LnfO{ ;w“}
/l;nf] kf/]sf]
5' . d]/f
5p] 5fpsf
hª\unnfO{
xl/ofnL lbg
dbt u/s] f] 5' . d/] f] kfgLdf df5f, xf“; / asN' nfx¿ /dfOnf] u5{g\.

26 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $

dflg;x¿ d/] f]
lsgf/df ags] f
3f6x¿df cfO{ >f¢
klg u5{g\ . o:tf
3f6x¿df kz'kltsf]
cfo{3f6 kl| ;¢ 5 .
ls;fgx¿ dnfO{
vt] af/Ldf nuL l;r“ fO
u5g{ \ .

dflg;x¿n] sf7df8f}“sf] ;G' b/Lhnaf6 dnfO{ vfg]kfgLsf ¿kdf 3/ 3/df
k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . w]/h} ;f] pBfu] x¿n] daf6} kfgL lnPsf 5g\ .

;?' ;?' df d PSn} au]sf] 5' . sf7df8f“s} f] 6]s' ku' ]kl5 d;“u lji0fd' tL gbL
klg ldl;G5 . To;kl5 d ´g\ 7'nf] cfsf/sf] x'G5' .

dflg;x¿n] ddfly cf]xf/] bf]xf/] ug{ k'n klg agfPsf 5g\ . yfkfynL, aNv'
/ ;nfx{ L lhNnfsf] kn' rflx“ d'Vo xg' \ .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 27

d ;a}nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ u5'{ . d/] f nflu ;fgf 7'nf, wgL ul/a / b'h{g
;Hhg ;a} a/fa/ 5g\ . d/] f] au]sf] kfgLdf sg' } eb] efj 5}g . d]/f] kfgLdf
;a}sf] clwsf/ 5 .

d]/f] syfleq Pp6f Joyf klg 5 . d klxn] h:tf] v;' L 5}g . dnfO{ w/] }
hgfn] x]nf u/s] f 5g\ . d}n] s;}sf] lauf/ u/s] f] 5g} tfklg ;a} dnfO{ b'Mv
lbG5g\ . d/] f] aus] f] ;kmf kfgLdf kmf]xf]/ 9n ld;fp“5g\ . ;x/el/sf] kmf]xf/]

d]/} 5ftLdf lg;fl;g] u/L y'kf5{g\ . hxf“txL“ kmf]xf]/sf 8ª\u'/ vGofP/
hfG5g\ . pBfu] x¿sf kmf]xf]/ ddfly g} y'kf//] hfG5g\ . To;}n] crn] dfG5]
x¿ klxn] h:tf] d/] f glhs cfpb“ g} g\ . d/] f] kfgL 5g' klg l3gfp5“ g\ .

d/] f] lgnf] / ;kmf kfgL nb] f] ePsf] 5 . d]/f lsgf/sf ?vx¿ klg sfl6Psf
5g\ . d]/f] au/df ;of}“ uf8Lx¿ cfP/ afn'jf af]sL nfG5g\ . clxn]
d/] f] lsgf/ :jR5, ;kmf / xl/of] 5g} . Toxf“ t 7'N7'nf 3/x¿ agfOPsf
5g\ .

d}n] dfG5]nfO{ vfg]kfgL lbP“ . sf7df8f}“ pkTosfnfO{ :jR5 / xl/nf]
el/nf] ;x/ agfP“ . dlGb/x¿sf nflu kljq hn lbP“ . v]tLkftL,
sf/vfgf / ;an} fO{ kfgL lbP“ . o;sf] ;66\ fdf d}n] x]nf, ckdfg / kmfx] f]/sf]
k/' :sf/ dfq kfP“ .

efOalxgL xf] ¤ d]/f] syf / Joyf ltdLx¿n] yfxf kfof} . ca d ltdLx¿;u“
s]xL dfU5' . d h:t} c¿ gbL klg kmf]xf/] xb“' } 5g\ . ltdLx¿n] ltgnfO{ /fS] g]
5f} . gbLsf lsgf/df ?vx¿ /f]Kg] 5f} . d/] f] kfgLdf kmfx] f]/ 9n ld;fpg] 5g} f} .
kmf]xf]/sf 8ª\u/' kmfNg] 5g} f} . dnfO{ klxn] h:t} :jR5, ;kmf / lgdn{ agfpg]
5f} . d h:t} c¿ gbLnfO{ klg ltdLx¿n] g} :jR5 kfg{] 5f} .

28 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

cEof; 29

!= ;g' / eg M

k0' o, tLy:{ yn, ko6{ s, 8ªu\ '/, lt/:sf/, afUdtL, :jR5

@= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

kz' klt, dGlb/, ;f| bw\ , glb, l;+rfO{

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{
k'0o xl/ofk] g
tLy:{ yn v/fa dfG5]
xl/ofnL >¢fn] ul/g] lkt[ sfo{

>f¢ cgfb/
l;r“ fO kmfx] f/] aUg] gfnf
bh' g{ kljq
9n /f;
8ª\u/' wfld{s 7fp“
ckdfg kxf8n] 3]l/Psf] 7fp“
pkTosf :jR5
lgdn{ kfgL nfpg] sfd

$= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

w]/ } yf/] } hlt clnslt sDtL
slt s]xL k|z:t y'k|} ;f/ }

%= pTt/ eg M

-s_ afUdtL gbLsf] hGd sxf“ ePsf] xf] <
-v_ afUdtLdf /x]sf d'Vo kn' s] s] xg' \ <
-u_ ls;fgx¿ lsg afUdtLsf] kfgL nfG5g\ <
-3_ dfG5] lsg afUdtLsf] 5p] df hfb“ g} g\ <

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

-ª_ gbL ;kmf /fVg s] ug{k' 5{ <

^= pTt/ nv] M

-s_ afUdtL gbL s'g sg' 7fp“af6 au]sf] 5 <
-v_ afUdtL gbLsf lsgf/df s'g s'g tLy:{ ynx¿ 5g\ <

-u_ afUdtL gbLaf6 sg' s'g s/' fdf dbt k'u]sf] 5 <
-3_ afUdtL gbLsf] lk/dsf{ s] xf] <
-ª_ afUdtL gbLn] dfus] f s/' fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-r_ afUdtL gbLnfO{ km] l/ :jR5 kfg{ s] ugk{' 5{ <

&= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fgL jfSo k"/f u/ M

-s_ dnfO{ afns=========== a9' fa9' L;Dd dg k5{ . -åf/f, bl] v, n]_
-v_ kfgL ============ sf/vfgfaf6 lg:s]sf] fx] f]/ ld;fpg' x“b' }g .
-df, nflu, sf]_
-u_ ltdL s'g a; =============== r9\5f} < -bl] v, af6, df_
-3_ ltdf| ] ljBfno ============ ‰ofndf /ª nufOPsf] 5 < -sf], nfO_{
-ª_ ltdL d/] f ================ s] ug{ ;S5f} < -nflu, dfly, åf/f_

*= pbfx/0f x]/L tnsf pTt/ cfpg] kZ| g agfpm M

pbfx/0f M ltd|f] gfd s] xf] < d]/f] gfd si[ 0f xf] .

-s_ -s_ d/] f] 3/ hgsk/' df 5 .

-v_ -v_ d rf/ sIffdf k9\5' .

-u_ -u_ d/] f aa' fsf] gfd /fdZ] j/ ofbj xf] .

-3_ -3_ hgsk/' df hfgsL dlGb/ 5 .

-ª_ -ª_ d hf8fsf] labfdf 3/ hfG5' .

(= tnsf zAbsf cfwf/df ltdf| ] 3/ glhssf] gbL jf vf]nfsf

af/d] f j0f{g u/ M

gfd, d'xfg, kmfObf, ljgfz

30 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

!)= tn g]kfnsf sf];L, u08sL / s0ff{nL gbLsf af/d] f 5f]6f]
kl/ro lbOPsf] 5, k9 / ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf pTt/ b]pm M

sf;] L

sf;] L gk] fnsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] gbL xf] . of] gbL c¿ ;xfos gbLx¿ ldn/]
ags] f] 5 . ;ft cf6] f gbLx¿ ldn/] ags] f] xg' fn] o;nfO{ ;Ktsf;] L klg
elgG5 . ;g' sf;] L, tfdfsf;] L, bw' sf;] L, OGbf| jtL, lnv,' c?0f / tdf/] ;Ktsf;] Lsf
;xfos gbL xg' \ . oL gbLx¿ aUg] Ifq] nfO{ sf;] L kb| z] elgG5 .

u08sL

u08sL ;ft gbLx¿ ldn]/ ags] f] 5 . oL gbL aUg] Ifq] nfO{ u08sL
kb| z] elgG5 . lqzn" L, a9' Lu08sL, sfnLu08sL, d:of{ª\bL, dfbL, ;t] L
/ b/f“}bL ;Kt u08sLsf ;xfos gbL xg' \ .

s0ff{nL

s0ffn{ L gk] fnsf] ;ae} Gbf nfdf] gbL xf] . of] gbL klg ;ft ;xfos gbLx¿
ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 . xD' nf s0ff{nL, d'u' s0ffn{ L, ;fgL e/] L, 7'nL e/] L, ltnf,
a'9L uªu\ f / ;t] L o;sf ;xfos gbL xg' \ . oL gbL aUg] Ifq] nfO{ s0ffn{ L
kb| z] elgG5 .

-c_ pTt/ bp] m M

-s_ gk] fnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] gbL s'g xf] <
-v_ g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] gbLsf] gfd s] xf] <
-u_ sf;] L gbLnfO{ lsg ;Ktsf];L elgPsf] xf] <
-3_ u08sL kb| ]z eGgfn] s] a'‰gk' 5{ <
-ª_ s0ffn{ L k|bz] eGgfn] s] a'‰g'k5{ <
-r_ sf;] L k|bz] eGgfn] s] a‰' g'k5{ <

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $ 31

-cf_ tflnsfdf ;xfos gbLsf gfd n]v M s0ffn{ L

gbLsf gfd
j|m=;=+ sf];L u08sL
!
@
#
$
%
^
&

!!= tn lbOPsf vfnL 7fpd“ f pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} u/L nv] M

pbfx/0fM
d]/f] kfgLdf 9n ================== xG' Yof] . -ld;fpg_'
d]/f] kfgLdf 9n gld;fP x'GYof] .

-s_ d]/f] lsgf/sf ?v =========== x'GYof] . -sf6g\ _'
-v_ d]/f] au/af6 afnj' f ============ x'GYof] . -l´Sg'_
-u_ d/] f] kfgLdf kmfx] f]/ =============== x'GYof] . -kmfNg'_
-3_ d]/f] 3f6df kmf]xf/] sf 8ª\u'/ ============== xG' Yof] . -y'kfg{'_
-ª_ d]/f] kfgLdf e;}“ L cfxfn ============= x'GYof] . -a;fpg_'
-r_ df6] / a:] ;/L ============== xG' Yof] . -xfS“ g_'

!@= ltdL a;s] f] 7fp“df s'g} gbL gfnf, dlGb/ cflb kmf]xf]/ ePsf

xfn] fg\ . afUdtL gbLn] cfk\mgf] lk/ atfP h;/L g} ltgsf] j0fg{

tof/ kf/]/ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm .

!#= ltd|f] j/k/sf dlGb/, xf6 ahf/, d]nf jf hfqfdf ltdLn]

b]vs] f /fd|F / g/fd|F s/' faf/] sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .

32 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $

& lax]sf] lgDtf]

-zlgaf/sf] lbg lyof] . c~hgfsf afa'cfdf ahf/lt/ uPsf lyP . 3/df c~hgf PSn}
lyOg\ . /dz] Toxf“ cfP clg c~hgf;u“ s'/fsfgL ug{ yfn] ._

/dz] – gfgL, of] dxz] hLsf] 3/ xf] <
c~hgf – xf], s] sfdn] ;fW] g'ePsf] xf]nf <
/dz] – P, l7s} 7fpd“ f kf] cfOP5 . d dxz] hLsf] ;fyL /dz] , k N n f ]

ufpa“ f6 cfPsf] x '“ .

c~hgf – gd:sf/ sfsf ¤ d pxfs“ L 5f/] L c~hgf . dfkm ugx{' f];\ x}

sfsf, d}n] tkfO{“nfO{ lrGg} ;lsg“ . a'af a/fa] / tkfO{s“ f] gfd
lnO/xgx' G' Yof] .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $ 33

/d]z – s;/L lrGg' t ltdLn] ¤ d otf gcfPsf] w/] } eof] . d cfpb“ f

ltdL ;f/} ;fgL lyof} . clg aa' f vfO] t <

c~hgf – aa' f ahf/lt/ hfge' Psf] 5 . cfOkU' g] jn] f eof] . sfsf otf

a:b} u/f“} g .

/dz] – v'a ltvf{ nfu]sf] 5 . kfgL vj' fpm g .

-c~hgfn] Ps cDvf]/f kfgL NofOg\ ._

c~hgf – lngx' f];\ sfsf kfgL .
/dz] – Nofpm t -kfgL 3636 lkp5“ g\ ._ cfxf ¤ Sof dHhf;u“ kfgL vfOof] .

wGojfb 5 x,} gfgL .

c~hgf – sfsfnfO{ klg wGojfb, w/] } lbgkl5 xfdLnfO{ ;D´ge' of] .
/d]z – ltdL slt sIffdf k95\ \of} gfgL <
c~hgf – d rf/ sIffdf k95\ ' .
/d]z – ltdf| ] :sn' s'g xf] <
c~hgf – hgtf k|fylds ljBfno .
/d]z – 5f/] L, aflx/ sf]xL cfP h:tf] 5, x/] t ¤
c~hgf – aa' f cfpg'eof] h:tf] 5 .

34 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $

aa' f – P, 5f/] L ¤ of] ´fn] f efG;fdf nh} fpm t .

c~hgf – xj;\ aa' f, kNnf] ufp“af6 /d]z sfsf cfpge' Psf] 5 .

a'af – /dz] hL cfpg'ePsf] 5 < v}, sxf“ x'g'xG' 5 <

c~hgf – ptf a:ge' Psf] 5 .

aa' f – gd:sf/ x} ¤ /dz] hL ¤

/dz] – gd:sf/ dxz] hL ¤ tkfOs“{ L 5f]/L Hofb} ;z' Ln /lx5g\ .

dxz] – xfdL| 5f/] Lsf] ;an} ] kz| +;f u5{g\ . Jojxf/ klg /fdf| ] 5 .

cfkm" eGbf 7'nfnfO{ ;Tsf/ ug{', ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug'{ h:tf s/' f
eGg} kb{}g .
/dz] – ;fR“ rL ¤ 5f]/L xf];\ t c~hgf h:tL ¤

dxz] – clg, w/] } jifk{ l5 cfpge' of] t . xfdLnfO{ t la;{] h:tf] kf] uge{' of] .

/d]z – To;f] t tkfOn“{ ] klg t la;g{ e' of] lg ¤ tkfO“{ klg xfdf| lt/ cfpg
5f8g\ e' of] .

dxz] – s] ug,{] ca t klxnfsf] h:tf] km' ;{b g} x'b“ }g . tkfO“{ klg t

Jo:t x'g'x'G5 xfn] f lg, s;f] <
/dz] – ToxL t egs] f] . km' ;b{ lgsfn/] tkfOs{“ f 3/lt/ cfp5“ ' eGof,]

ldNb} ldNbg} . clxn] t ge]6L gx'g] eP/ dfq} cfPsf] .

dx]z – s] k¥of] To:tf] <

/dz] – 5f]/Lsf] lax] ug{ nfu]sf] .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 35

dx]z – 5f/] Lsf] < sNkgfsf] < x}g slt jif{sL eOg\ x“ <

/d]z – afO; jifs{ L eO;sL lg, o;kfln aL=P= kf; ul/;sL .
;fgfl] tgf] hflu/ klg 5 .

dx]z – P ¤ n, v'a /fd|f] eof] . cfÇgf v'6\6fdf pleO5g\ . s]6f] s:tf]

5, bfOhf] vfH] g] xf] ls <

/d]z – s6] f] nfossf] /x]5 . hf8“ , /S;L, r'/f6] , ;'tL{ cflb sx] L klg

gvfg] /x5] . v/fa nt /x]g5 . s'g} klg s'/fnfO{ ulxl/P/
ljrf/ u/k] l5 dfq} sfd ug{] ubf{] /x5] . k9fO klg /fd}| /x5] .

dxz] – clg bfOhf] lg <

/d]z – bfOhf] s]xL klg lbg' gkg]{ ¤ s]6fsf] ;a} kl/jf/ bfOhf]sf

lj/fw] L /x5] g\ . ;s] cfkm“} n] sdfpgk' 5,{ g;s] cfkm" ;u“ h] 5,
To;d} f ;Gtfi] f ugk{' 5{ . o;f] eg] s]6fsf afa'n] . ´g\ s6] fn]
t dnfO{ s6] Lafxs] s]xL lbg'kb{g} egL afa's} ;fd' elglbP .
dnfO{ t ;f/} /fdf| ] nfUof], a'‰g'ef] dxz] hL ¤

dx]z – 5f/] Lsf nflu w/] } /fdf| ] 3/ e6] 6\ fpge' P5 . awfO{ 5 /d]zhL ¤

/d]z – wGojfb dxz] hL ¤ d t tkfOn“{ fO{ lgdGq0ff lbg cfPsf] x“' .

rn' }lgDtf] ¤ ;a} hgf cfpgk' 5{ lg ¤

dx]z – lsg gcfpg' < cjZo cfp5“ f}“ .

/d]z – n t dxz] hL, clxn] d hfG5' . cGt klg lgDtf] ug{ hfgk' 5{ . hfpm“
x} < gd:sf/ ¤ n t 5f/] L c~hgf, hfpm“ x} <

c~hgf – xj;\ . gd:t] sfsf ¤

/d]z – gd:t] ¤

36 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

cEof;

!= lzIfsn] eg]sf] ;g' / eg M

;f/}, ltvf{, dHhf, sIff, ;Tsf/, km' ;{b, ;t' L,{ ;Gtf]if

@= c~hgf, /d]z / aa' f agL dflysf] kf7 kfn}kfnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

kflg, ljWofno, ;l' ;n, aif{, jbfO

$= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

a/fa] / ;Ddfg
cDvf/] f P;Pn;Lkl5 kfr“ jifs{ f] k9fO
;z' Ln lgDtf]
;Tsf/ /fdf| ], ofU] o
Jo:t k6sk6s
aL=P= /fdf| ] afgL Jojxf/
bfOhf] a]km' ;{bL
nfos ;a} hxfgnfO{ ul/g] lgDtf]
awfO { b'nxLnfO{ lbOg] lrhlah
lgdGq0ff nfx] f]6f
r'nl} gDtf ] v';L JoSt ul/g] zAb

%= pTt/ eg M

-s_ dxz] / /d]zlar s] ;DaGw lyof] <
-v_ c~hgf s;sL 5f/] L xg' \ <
-u_ s;sf] lax] xg' nfus] f] 5 <
-3_ sNkgfn] slt k9]sL 5g\ <
-ª_ rn' }lgDtf] egs] f] s] xf] <

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff $ 37

^= k9 / n]v M

;f/}, nfos, Jo:t, wGojfb, xj;\, ltvf,{ zlgaf/, kNnf]

&= sfi] 7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fgL jfSo k"/f u/ M

-s_ P vf]hs] } 7fpd“ f kf] ............ . - cfOP5, kfOP5, ufOP5 _
-v_ a'af tkfO“s{ f] gfd ............ . - lnO/xGYof], lnO/xgx' 'GYof,]

lnO/xGy] _
-u_ ltdLn] t dnfO{ .................. . - lal;5{ ;,\ la;{5] , la;5]{ f}_
-3_ t“ slxn] .......................... x“ < - cfof}, cfof,] cfO;\ _
-ª_ xfdL /fd/| L .................. . - k9\b} 5f}, k9\b} 5f}“, k9b\ } 5' _

*= tnsf zAbsf] pxL cy{ nfUg] Ps Ps cf6] f zAb n]v M

;o" ,{ bz] , 3/, af6f], xfjf

(= tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M

w/] }

ltdL ;f/} ;fgL lyof} .

pgL lgs } 7n' L lyOg\ .

va'

!)= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]v M

-s_ c~hgfn] /dz] nfO{ s;/L :jfut ul/g\ <
-v_ ;a}n] c~hgfsf] ;/fxgf lsg u5g{ \ <

-u_ /d]z / dx]zsf] lardf s] ljifodf s/' fsfgL eof] <
-3_ sNkgfsf] lax] lsg ;as} f nflu v';Lsf] ljifo eof] <
-ª_ /dz] sL 5f/] L;“u lax] xg' nfus] f] s]6f] s:tf] /x5] <

!!= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M

s/' fsfgL, cDvf/] f, efG;f, ;Tsf/, km' ;b{ , crDd, kz| +;f,

lgdGq0ff, bfOhf,] ;Gtf]if, 3636

38 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $

!!= pbfx/0f x/] L afs;af6 5fg]/ tn lbPsf zAbsf] pxL cy{ lbg]

b'O{ b'O{ zAb nv] M

af, dfG5], j]nf, cfdf, bx, 8/5]?jf, b'Anf]

afa,' dftf, sft/, ;do, dflg;, sdhf]/, lgwf]{, df}sf,kf]v/L dd' f,
tnfp, dgi' o, gfdb,{ lktf

pbfx/0f M

pxL cy{ lbg] zAb

zAb zAb ! zAb @

af lktf afa'

!@= tnsf] s'/fsfgL k/" f u/ M

8f]Ndf M gd:sf/ x} bfjf, lxhf] lsg :sn' gcfPsf] lg ¤
bfjf M –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– .
8fN] df M s:tf] eof] t jgef]h < dflg; slt lyP <
bfjf M –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– .
8f]Ndf M dnfO{ klg ;g' fPsf] eP d klg hfGy“] lg ¤ t/ lxhf] rflx“

d/] f] km' ;{b lyPg .

bfjf M s] lyof] lxhf] ltdf| ] 3/df <
8f]Ndf M –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– .
bfjf M s:tf] eof] t bfh'sf] lax] <
8fN] df M –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– .
bfjf M d sIffdf uP/ vN] g cfp5“ ' x} ¤

8fN] df M –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– .

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ o;/L ;+jfb k"/f ug]{ cEof; u/fp“bf ljBfyL{nfO{ c,“ rflx,“ lg h:tf yu] f] /
gd:t], gd:sf/, xh/' , wGojfb, dfkm ugx'{ f];,\ Ifdf ug{'xf]nf, sk[ of, xj;\ h:tf zAb÷zAbfjnL
k|of]u ug{ klg l;sfpgx' f;] \ .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 39

!$= ltdLn] agfPsf] dflysf] s/' fsfgL k9]/ sIffdf ;g' fpm .
!%= tnsf] lgdGq0ff kq k9 / kZ| gsf] hjfkm n]v M

lgdGq0ff kq
>Ldfg÷\ >LdtL÷;>' L –––––––––––––––––––––––– sf ;dLkdf

xfd|L cfo'idtL ;'k'qL sNkgf l3ld/]sf] ljjfx ;'bz{g Gof}kfg]sf
lr/~hLjL ;'k'q Zofd Gofk} fg;] u“ xg' ] ePsfn] pSt cj;/df oxf“sf]
pkl:ylt k|fy{gLo 5 .

ljjfx sfo{j|md kf| yL{
dx]z l3ld/]
ldlt @)^^.!.@% /flwsf l3ld/]
;do M laxfg ( ah]
:yfg M zflGtgu/, ´fkf

-s_ s;sf] ljjfx sf];u“ xb“' } 5 <
-v_ 5f]/Lsf afac' fdfsf] gfd s] s] xf] <
-u_ ;k' q' / ;k' q' L egs] f] s] xf] <
-3_ ljjfx sfoj{ |md slxn] xf] <
-ª_ lr/~hLjL, pkl:ylt, k|fy{gLo / k|fyL{ zAbsf] cy{ s] s] xf] <

!^= dflysf] lgdGq0ff kq x/] L ltdf| ] bfh', lbbL jf ufp“sf s;}sf
ljjfxsf nflu lgdGq0ff kq tof/ kf/

40 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $

* bfhe' fO / a9' faf

ufk] fn / ljdn ;fg} 5b“ f pgLx¿sf aa' fcfdf laTg'eof] . pgLx¿sf gftfuf]
tf sf]xL lyPgg\ . aa' fn] 5f8]/ uPsf] ;DklTt vf“bfa:bf ;lsg nfUof] . 3/
df cfDbfgL gePkl5 Psf]xf]/f] vr{ slt lbg;Dd rNYof] ¤ ;fxs' f] C0fn] klg
sltGh]n e/y]u xG' Yof] ¤ Ps lbg t logLx¿n] 3/, vt] af/L cflb ;a} ;fx'sf]
lhDdf nufO{ ufp“ g} 5f8g\ k' ¥of] .

oL bfhe' fO cfÇgf] hLljsf rnfpg sfdsf] vf]hLdf ufp“ ufp“ 8'Ng yfn] .
logLx¿n] e6] ]hlt ;a} dflg;;“u sfdsf nflu cg'/fw] u/] . s;a} f6 klg
sfd kfpg ;s]gg\ tfklg logLx¿n] sfd kfOg] cf; eg] 5f8]gg\ .
sfdsf] vf]hLs} l;nl;nfdf af6fdf Ps hgf el/of;“u logLx¿sf] e]6
eof] . logLx¿n] el/of;“u ;fl] wxfn], æbfO, xfdLnfO{ s'g} sfd lbgx' G' 5 ls <
el/ofn] lgwf/sf] gfDnf] x6fP/ tfS] dfdfly 9fs/ c8o\ fp“b} eGof,] æefO,
ltdLx¿n] slxNo} 9fs/ af]s]sf 5f} <Æ

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 41

æc“x,“ xfdLn] slxNo} klg 9fs/ afs] ]sf 5g} f“} .Æ b'j} bfhe' fOn] Ps} :j/df
eg] . el/ofn] km] l/ pgLx¿lt/ g} kms]{/ eGof], æTo;f] eP ltdLnfO{ lbg] d;“u
sg' } sfd 5g} .Æ
olt elg;s]kl5 el/of cfÇgf] af6f] nfUof] . bfhe' fO lg/fz x“'b} csf{] af6f]
nfu] . af6fdf cl3 h:t} Pp6f uf7] fnf] el] 6of] . pm rf/} df ufOj{ :t' r/fpb“ }
lyof] . oL bfhe' fO uf7] fnf glhs
sfd dfUg k'luxfn] . uf7] fnfn]
ufOe{ ;“} L xg] ,{] :ofpnf, 3f;“ a6N' g]
/ esf/f] ;fx] fg] {] sfd cfp5“ egL
;fW] of] . logLx¿n] cfkm" nfO{ sfd
ug{ cfp“b}g eg] . uf]7fnfaf6
klg sfd kfOPg . pgLx¿ cfÇgf]
af6f] nfu] .
sfdsf] vf]hLdf ef}“tfl/“bf
pgLx¿ Hofb} yfls;ss] f lyP .
Ps l5g cf/fd ugk{' ¥of] egL pgLx¿ 
Pp6f ?vdl' g a;] . ToxL 7fpd“ f Ps hgf a'9f dflg;n] oL bfh'efOsf] cgx' f/
xb] {} eGg yfn], æafa' xf], ltdLx¿ sf] xf} < o;f] x]bf{ t ltdLx¿ alnof /
/fdf| 5f} tfklg c“Wof/f] cg'xf/ bV] 5' .Æ
a'9f dflg;sf] s/' f ;'gk] l5 uf]kfnn] eGof], æa9' faf d/] f] gfd uf]kfn xf] . of]
d/] f] efO ljdn xf] . xfdL sfd vfH] b} lx8“ s] f xf“} . clxn;] Dd sg' } sfd klg
kfPgf}“ . ;f“Rr} egf}“ eg] xfdLnfO{ sg' } sfd ug{ klg cfpb“ }g . To;n} ] xfdL
lrlGtt eP/ a;s] f xf}“ .Æ
of] ;g' k] l5 a9' fafn] eg,] æP, Tolt hfaf] s'/fdf lsg lrGtf lng] ¤ lx8“
d ltdLx¿nfO{ ldNg] sfd lbG5' . d;“u v]taf/L k|z:t 5 t/ d]/f sfx] L
5}gg\ . d ltdLx¿nfO{ 5f/] f h:t} u/L /fvf“}nf . ltdLx¿n] vt] af/Ldf sfd
ug,{" v]tLkftLsf] sfd d l;sfOlbpn“ f .Æ

42 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

uf]kfn / ljdn sfd kfOg] eOof] eGg]
s'/fn] bª\ª k/] . pgLx¿ a9' fsf] 3/
df uO{ v]tLkftLsf] sfd ug{ tof/
eP . a'9fn] cfÇgf] v]taf/L ;a}
b]vfP . oL bfh'efOn] v]tLkftLsf
sfds'/fx¿ la:tf/} l;Sb} uP . s]
xL ;dokl5 v]taf/Ldf k|z:t cGg
kmNof] . of] b]v]/ a'9f Hofb} v';L
eP . bfh'efO klg v';L;fy sfd
ug{ yfn] .

Ps lbg a]n'sLkv a9' fn] b'j} bfhe' fOnfO{
8fs] . pgLx¿ klg s] sf/0fn] 8flsPsf]
xfn] f eGb} a9' fsf glhs ku' ] . a9' fn] eg,] æx/] afa' xf,] ltdLx¿bl] v d Hofb} v;' L
5' . ltdLx¿sf] ldlxg]tn] vt] af/Ldf cGg bfA] a/} ePsf] 5 . d}n] ltdLx¿sf]
gfddf aª} s\ df vftf vf lnlbPsf] 5' . ltdLx¿ b'js} f] gfddf art vftf
5 . aª} s\ df hDdf u/s] f] efr} / / r]sa's klg oxL“ 5 . k9 t, aª} s\ sf]
ef}r/df s] /x5] <Æ

uf]kfnn] crDd dfGb} a'9fsf xftaf6
a}ª\s ef}r/ lnof] / k9o\ f] . a}ªs\ ef}r/
k9]kl5 uf]kfnn] a'9flt/ x¥] of] . a'9fn] km] l/
eGg yfn,] æltdf| ] vftfdf kGw| xhf/ ?lkof“
5 . o; ?lkof“n] ltdL Jofkf/ ug{ ;S5f}
of cGt hUuf lsgL v]tLkftL klg ug{
;S5f} . of] rs] as' /fv . o;af6 ltdLx¿n]
k/]sf jn] fdf k;} f l´Sg ;S5f} .Æ olt eg]
kl5 a9' fn] r]sa's klg lbP .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff $ 43

a'9fn] cfkm" k|lt u/]sf] dfof ;D´L bj' } bfhe' fOsf tk{maf6 cfef/ hgfpb“ }
ljdnn] eGof], æaf, tkfO“{n] b'Mv k/]sf j]nf dbt ug'{eof] . xfdLnfO{
5f]/f h:t} dfof ug{e' of] . xfdL tkfOs“{ f] of] pksf/ slxNo} la;G{ gf}“ . xfdL
tkfO{n“ fO{ 5f8/] klg slxNo} hf“bg} f}“ .Æ

logLx¿ st} ghfpmg\ eGg] rfxgf a9' fsf] klg lyof] . a'9fn] eg,] æltdLx¿ st}
hfgk' bg{} . ltdLx¿ d;u“ } a; . of] v]taf/L ;a} ltdLx¿s} xf] . dn} ] t
ltdLx¿nfO{ hfR“ g kf] o;f] egs] f] .Æ

a'9fsf cf“vfdf cf“;' l6nlknfP . To; lbgb]lv b'j} bfh'efO a'9faf;“u}

cfgGbn] a;] .

44 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $

cEof;

!= ;'g / eg M

gftfuf]tf, 3/, v]taf/L, tfS] df, 3f“;, ylst, cg'xf/, a9' f

@= ‘bfhe' fO / a'9faf’ syf kfn}kfnf] k9/] ;'gfpm .

#= ;RofP/ ;f/ M

cg'/f]b, efO,{ a'9f af, ?ko} f, l6nkLnfo

$= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

laTg ' ;/;xofu]
gftfuf]tf Oi6ldq
e/yu] dg{ '

hLljsf rnfpg ' ljgfsfd 3D' g'
cg'/fw] cfu|x, laGtL
tf]Sdf rf]ofn] a'g]sf] 8fs] f] h:t} ;fwg

9fs/ lgjfx{ ug{ '
esf/f] aª} s\ af6 k;} f l´Sg] kq

eft“} fl/g' 9fs/ c8\ofpg] n67\ L
efr} / a}ªs\ df ?lkof“ hDdf ug{] kq

r]sa's ufO{j:t'sf] dndq"
cfef/ wGojfb, jm[ t1tf

%= pTt/ eg M

-s_ bfh' / efOsf] gfd s] s] lyof] < 45
-v_ el/ofn] bfh'efOnfO{ s] eGof] <
-u_ esf/f] ;f]g{ hfGb5f} eg]/ s;n] eGof] <

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff $

-3_ ljdnn] lsg a9' fnfO{ cfef/ JoSt u¥of] <
-ª_ a'9fsf cf“vfdf lsg cf;“ ' l6nlknfP <

^= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

cfDbfgL, C0f, ;fx,' el/of, uf7] fnf,] ef}r/, rs] a's, a}ªs\

&= pTt/ n]v M

-s_ bfh'efOn] lsg ufp“ 5f8s] f x'g\ <
-v_ logLx¿n] sf] sf];“u sfd dfu] <
-u_ bfhe' fO lg/fz x'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-3_ a'9fn] s] sfd ug{ l;sfP <
-ª_ lsg a'9fn] bfhe' fOnfO{ cfkm} ;“ u“ /fv] <

*= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} zAbsf] ¿k kl/jt{g u/ M

nV] 5 ' n]v“] nV] g] 5'
u5 '{ ––––––– –––––––
x'G5 ' ––––––– –––––––
––––––– –––––––
vfG5' ––––––– –––––––
cfp5“ ––––––– –––––––
ufp5“

(= tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M ylst

lrlGtt

Jolyt 5f} <
ltdLx¿ lsg
nlHht

xlif{t

46 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff $