BAHASA INGGERIS

ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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3.1 EXPLORING MACHINES

Tuning In

Machines are any combination of bodies so connected that their relative
motions are constraint. And by which means force and motion maybe
transmitted and modified as the screw in its nut or a lever range turnabout a
fulcrum or a pulley by its pivot etc. Especially a construction more or less
complex consisting of a combination of moving parts or simple mechanical
elements as wheels, levers, cams etc

- Chatur Ramalingam (3 Idiots)

The excerpt above is a definition of “Machine” given by a character in the movie
“3 Idiots”. Do you think that his definition is complex? In your own
understanding,
1. Define a machine.
2. Make a list of machines in general.
2. What makes a machine different from tools?
3. What are the common parts of a machine?

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Task
Read the excerpt and answer the following questions.

Power Tools

Power tools are various types of tools and mechanical devices that operate when they
are initiated by an external power source. This could generally be electricity, air or
pneumatics. Power tools include many types of tools from hand held machine drills to
hydraulic presses and pneumatic tools. They all are included under the category of
power tools and can be used for various types of applications.
Power tools are used in industry, in construction, in the garden, for housework tasks
such as cooking, cleaning, and around the house for purposes of driving (fasteners),
drilling, cutting, shaping, sanding, grinding, routing, polishing, painting, heating and
more. Power tools are used in every process of manufacturing including pre-production,
production, assembly, packaging, shipping and maintenance.
Power tools are very simple to operate if used according to the operating instructions.
They can be hazardous if used inappropriately or mishandled. Many workers are
unaware of the possible hazards that misused power tools can cause. The US
department of labour has established certain standards regarding the operation of many
power tools; these are called OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
standards.
Power tools are classified as either stationary or portable, where portable means hand-
held. Portable power tools have obvious advantages in mobility. Stationary power tools
however often have advantages in speed and accuracy and some stationary power
tools can produce objects that cannot be made in any other way.

Adapted from: http://www.ebay.com/gds/What-are-Power-Tools-/10000000002127975/g.html

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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1. What are power tools?
___________________________________________________________

2. What are the types of power tools?
___________________________________________________________

3. List three (3) processes of manufacturing that power tools are used in.
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________

4. What is the name of the standards established by the US department of labour
regarding the operation of power tools?
___________________________________________________________

4. List the advantages of portable and stationary power tools

Portable Power Tools Stationary Power Tools

5. Based on your reading on “Power Tools”, using your experience and knowledge,
list as many power tools that you know.

Portable Power Tools Stationary Power Tools

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Task
Read the excerpt below and complete the activities that follow

Power Drill

The power drill is remarkably easy to use, so it makes sense that it's a remarkably
simple machine. Basically, a squeeze of the trigger turns on the electric motor, which
then rotates the drill or screwdriver bit.
The first thing you need to know about power drills is how they're powered. Current
models are both corded and cordless; corded drills are rated in amps, while cordless
drills are measured in volts. The cordless power drills are usually powered by batteries.
The battery is usually removable through the battery release, which makes it easier for
the user to replace or store the battery when not in use.
A trigger switch, located in the same place you might expect the trigger of a pistol,
gets the drill moving. Today's drills usually have a variable speed trigger, meaning that
the harder you squeeze, the faster the electric motor spins the drive shaft. Just make
sure that you grip the grip tightly in order to avoid any unexpected accidents. With a
variable speed trigger and multiple speed settings, you can operate your drill between
zero rpm and the top speed of each setting.
The power drill has two other important components. There’s a button called the
forward/reverse button, near the trigger, that tells the drill whether to go forward
(clockwise) or backward. There’s also (in most drills) a torque adjustment collar.
When torque is set to its lowest (loosest) setting, it will tighten the screw until it feels a
little tension, then start clicking rapidly. When torque is on its highest setting, it will keep
tightening the screw.
The last major part of a drill is the chuck, a mechanism into which you fasten the drill or
screwdriver bit. Until the 1980s, chucks were keyed, meaning you needed a special tool
to tighten them. Today, nearly all drills are keyless. The gear once tightened by a key is
fitted with a grip, allowing the user to secure the bit by hand.

Adapted from: http://home.howstuffworks.com/power-drills1.htm

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Based on the excerpt given, label the parts of a Power Drill.

Taken from: http://www.primermagazine.com/2012/learn/the-power-drill-a-modern-mans-guide-to-tools

Activity

Identify and match the Power Tools with their names

Angle Grinder Pressure Washer Heat Gun Sander
Jackhammer Strimmer
Lawnmower Radial Arm Saw

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Activity

Your workshop has just received a new machine / power tool. As the person in charge,
you have to familiarize yourself with the machine / power tool before briefing other
colleagues on how to handle the machine.

Draw the schematics of the machine / power tool on a piece of paper
Label the parts of the machine / power tool.
List out the functions of the machine / power tool.

Present about the machine / power tool to your colleagues. *The
machine / power tool must be different from one another.

Language Focus

Listed below is the name for the common power tools that people in the industry use.

Familiarise yourselves with these terms and learn about their parts and functions on

your own.

Air compressor Impact driver Random orbital sander

Angle grinder Impact wrench Reciprocating saw

Belt sander Iron Rotary reciprocating saw

Ceramic tile cutter Jackhammer Rotary tool

Chainsaw Jointer Rotovator

Circular saw Jigsaw Sabre saw

Concrete saw Lathe Sander

Cold saw Lawnmower Scrollsaw

Crusher Leaf blower Sewing machine

Diamond blade Miter saw Steel cut off saw

Diamond tool Multi-tool Strimmer

Disc cutter Nail gun String trimmer

Drill Needle scaler Table saw

Floor sander Pneumatic torque wrench Thickness planer

Grinding machine Powder-actuated tools Vacuum cleaner

Heat gun Power wrench Wall chaser

Hedge trimmer Radial arm saw Wood router

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words in the box. The words in the box are
in basic form and may be changed into OTHER FORMS according to the form of
the sentence.

Eg.: Crush
1. The function of a jackhammer is to crush floor with high impact.
2. The grip of the both hands must be firm to avoid the
jackhammer from crushing into other things.
3. A jackhammer is a tool that crushes into floors and concretes.

propels convert cut
join remove boost

1. A circular saw is a tool for _____________________ many materials such
as wood, masonry, plastic, or metal and may be hand-held or mounted to a
machine.

2. An air compressor is a device that ___________________ power (using
electrical motor, diesel and gasoline) into potential energy stored in pressurised
air.

3. A leaf blower is a gardening tool that _________________ air out of
a nozzle to move debris such as leaves and grass cuttings.

4. A biscuit joiner (or sometimes plate joiner) is a woodworking tool used
to __________________ two pieces of wood together.

5. A pressure washer is a high pressure mechanical sprayer used to
_______________ loose paint, mould, dust, mud and dirt from surfaces such
as buildings or vehicles.

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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3.2 DESCRIBING PROCESSES & PROCEDURES
Tuning In

In your opinion, why do these people involve with such accidents? What are
the factors that lead to these accidents? Discuss?

Do you think that having manuals or instructions such as these will
help? Discuss

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Task
Read the text and fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

Air Grinder
The most commonly used portable grinder in body and paint shops is the disc-
type grinder. It is operated like the disc sander. Usually a coarse disk is installed on the
grinder. The grinder may be used to remove paint or metal.
There are, of course, several other grinders used in the paint/body shop.
Horizontal grinder, for example, is used for heavy duty grinding and vertical grinder is a
larger version
of the disc grinder. With a sanding pad, vertical grinder can be converted into a disc
sander. Most vertical grinders can be used with straight wheels as cup wheels. Another
example of air grinder used in this field is angle grinder. It is used primarily for
smoothing, deburring and blending welds. Moreover, small wheel grinder can be used
with cone wheels, wire brushes, or collect chunks and burrs in addition to a straight
grind. Lastly, die grinder is used with mounted points and carbide burrs for a variety of
applications such as weld cleaning, deburring, blending and smoothing. It is available in
both straight and angle-head designs.
Avoid grinding too close to the trim, bumper, or any other auto parts projections
that might snag or catch the edge of the disc. If possible remove obstructions before
grinding. Always stop a disc grinder while in contact with the work surface. Start any
grinding operation just before the machine makes contact with the works surface.

Adapted from Painting for Collision Repair, 1999

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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AIR GRINDER

Function: Types:
(1) ___________________
_______________________ (2) ___________________
_______________________ ___________________

Safety Precautions: (3) ___________________
(7) _________________________________ ___________________

_________________________________ (4) ___________________
(8) _________________________________ ___________________

_________________________________ (5) ___________________
(9) _________________________________ ___________________

_________________________________ (6) ___________________
(10) _________________________________ ___________________

_________________________________

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Activity

Your boss seems to have a problem with the machine / power tool /device that he
just bought. As an expert in using the machine / power tool / device,

DRAW the process of using the machine / power tool / device diagram on

a piece of paper
PRESENT to your boss how the machine / power tool / device work.

Activity

As a company that promotes innovation, I want all of
you to come up with a new idea to innovate a new
product. You can create new things or just improve
anything that is available in the market.

Divide into a group of 3 – 4 people.
Innovate a “new product” and provide the name for
it. Create a product manual for the new product.

Illustrate a flowchart / diagram on steps of using the machine.
Explain the steps and safety procedures of using the machine based on the
diagram with correct sequence connectors and imperative verbs.

Present to the class

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Language Focus

Sequence connectors are used to show the order in which events / processes

happen.

Sequence connectors are used to link ideas from one sentence to the next and

to give paragraphs coherence. Sequence connectors perform different functions and

are placed at the beginning of a sentence. They are used to introduce, order, contrast,

sequence ideas, theory, data etc.

 Here is a list of commonly used sentence connectors used to show sequence.

 Firstly


 Secondly


 Thirdly


 Next


 After that


 Then


 Later


Finally

*Additional note: Next, then, after that and
later can be used interchangeably…

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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3.2.2 Imperative Verbs

Imperative verbs are also known as ‘bossy verbs’- they tell people what to do! E.g.
close the door; empty the bin; pick up your tools!

Compare these two sentences:
1) 'Could you close the door?'
2) 'Close the door.'

You probably think that the first sentence is more polite than the second – and you are
right.

1) is a request. We are asking someone to do something.
2) is an instruction. We are telling some what to do.
Sentence two uses an imperative to tell someone what to do.

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Note: we can make 'Close the door' into a request by adding 'Please' first: 'Please,
close the door.'
An imperative is base verb (present simple verb). Above, 'close' is the verb.
Imperatives are direct. Often they are used when we are angry.

Perhaps your old school teacher told you to:
'Sit down! Be quiet! Stop talking!'

Imperatives are also used in a less scary way. They are used when giving instructions.
When you buy, for example, a new DVD player it comes with an instruction book telling
you how to use it. This instruction book is written using imperatives. They are simple to
use and easy to explain.

E.g.: Switch on the DVD player by pressing the POWER button.

Remember we can't use continuous verbs; only base verbs:
'Stand up, please' and NOT 'Standing up, please’ nor ‘Stands up, please’.

Exercise
Look at the words below- circle the words that could be used as imperative verbs.

push open mix Remember! A
twist first put verb is a doing

word!

shut chair fold

sad roll insert

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct Sequence Connectors.

How to use a riding lawnmower

_________________, fill the lawnmower completely with gasoline before operating the
lawnmower. When filling up the lawnmower, do not smoke and avoid filling up the
lawnmower indoors. Furthermore, do not fill up the lawnmower with gasoline while it is
running. Secondly, pull the pull string in order to get the engine started for the riding
lawnmower. _____________, turn off the safety switch on the riding lawnmower. Then,
shift the riding lawnmower into first gear with the shift knob. The lawnmower will start
moving forward immediately.
_______________, use the steering wheel like a car to control the direction in which the
riding lawnmower travels. _____________, mow the lawn by traveling forward.
Therefore, mow the lawn in rows, and turn the lawnmower around every time you reach
the end of your lawn in order to travel the opposite direction in a line parallel to the path
you have just mowed. In addition, you are advised to mow directly up and down slopes
and not sideways because mowing sideways can increase the chances of flipping the
lawnmower over. Do not stop or turn on the slope. Wait until you've reached the top of
the slope. In addition, having the lawnmower shut down, especially when traveling up a
slope, can be dangerous. ______________, avoid holes and rocks because they can
both damage the lawnmower and potentially flip the lawnmower over, causing injury or
death.
List all the Imperative Verbs found in the text

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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3.3 REPORTING ON MACHINES

Tuning In

Watch the video titled “Worst Presentation Ever” on YouTube
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69JZD60eR6s) and discuss it with your friends.
Points to ponder:
1. What are the mistakes that the presenter do?
2. What are the mistakes that the audience always do?
3. What are the ways to correct the mistakes done?
4. What are the best ways to avoid the mistakes?

Task
Read the Presentation Tips given and utilise the tips for your Final
Presentation.

Presentation Tips
1. Show your Passion and Connect with your Audience. It’s hard to be relaxed and
be yourself when you’re nervous. But time and again, the great presenters say that the
most important thing is to connect with your audience, and the best way to do that is to
let your passion for the subject shine through. Be enthusiastic and honest, and the
audience will respond.

2. Focus on your Audience’s Needs
Your presentation needs to be built around what your audience is going to get out of the
presentation. As you prepare the presentation, you always need to bear in mind what
the audience needs and wants to know, not what you can tell them. While you’re giving
the presentation, you also need to remain focused on your audience’s response, and
react to that. You need to make it easy for your audience to understand and respond.

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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3. Keep it Simple: Concentrate on your Core Message

When planning your presentation, you should always keep in mind the question: What is
the key message (or three key points) for my audience to take away? You should be
able to communicate that key message very briefly. Some experts recommend a 30-
second ‘elevator summary’, others that you can write it on the back of a business card,
or say it in no more than 15 words. Whichever rule you choose, the important thing is to
keep your core message focused and brief.

4. Smile and Make Eye Contact with your Audience
This sounds very easy, but a surprisingly large number of presenters fail to do it. If you
smile and make eye contact, you are building rapport, which helps the audience to
connect with you and your subject. It also helps you to feel less nervous, because you
are talking to individuals, not to a great mass of unknown people. To help you with this,
make sure that you don’t turn down all the lights so that only the slide screen is visible.
Your audience needs to see you as well as your slides.

5. Start Strongly
The beginning of your presentation is crucial. You need to grab your audience’s
attention and hold it. They will give you a few minutes’ grace in which to entertain them,
before they start to switch off if you’re dull. So don’t waste that on explaining who you
are. Start by entertaining them.

6. Remember the 10-20-30 Rule for Slideshows
This is a tip from Guy Kawasaki of Apple. He suggests that slideshows should:

Contain no more than 10 slides;
Last no more than 20 minutes; and
Use a font size of no less than 30 point.
*This last is particularly important as it stops you trying to put too much information

on any one slide. This whole approach avoids the dreaded ‘Death by
PowerPoint’.

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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As a general rule, slides should be the sideshow to you, the presenter. A good set
of slides should be no use without the presenter, and they should definitely contain less,
rather than more, information, expressed simply.

If you need to provide more information, print some handout and give it out after
your presentation.

7. Use your Voice Effectively
The spoken word is actually a pretty inefficient means of communication, because it
uses only one of your audience’s five senses. That’s why presenters tend to use visual
aids, too. But you can help to make the spoken word better by using your voice
effectively.
Varying the speed at which you talk, and emphasizing changes in pitch and tone all help
to make your voice more interesting and hold your audience’s attention.

8. Use your Body Too
It has been estimated that more than three quarters of communication is non-verbal.
That means that as well as your tone of voice, your body language is crucial to getting
your message across. Make sure that you are giving the right messages: body
language to avoid includes crossed arms, hands held behind your back or in your
pockets, and pacing the stage. Make your gestures open and confident, and move
naturally around the stage and among the audience too, if possible.

10. Relax, Breathe and Enjoy
If you find presenting difficult, it can be hard to be calm and relaxed about doing it. One
option is to start by concentrating on your breathing. Slow it down, and make sure that
you’re breathing fully. Make sure that you continue to pause for breath occasionally
during your presentation too. If you can bring yourself to relax, you will almost certainly
present better. If you can actually start to enjoy yourself, your audience will respond to
that, and engage better. Your presentations will improve exponentially, and so will your
confidence. It’s well worth a try.

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Task
Below are the DO’s and the DON’Ts of doing presentations. Discuss with your
friends and make notes so that you don’t repeat the mistakes.

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION 1 (CERTIFICATE)

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Bibliografi:

1. Available : https://adventureswithlanguage.com/
2. Available:http://www.ebay.com/gds/What-are-Power-Tools.html
3. Available:http:// http://home.howstuffworks.com/power-drills1.htm
4. Available: http:// www.thelanguagefocus.com
5. Available : http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/.../ -tasks-language-focus

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