WHAT IS ROPE COURSE?

39

11) Pulley

Single Pulley

Pulley is the equipment used
when climbing such as wall
climbing, rock climbing & tree
climbing.

The method of care is the same
as the care of a carabiner.

This equipment is able to help
the belayer to get more gravity
on the ground to help
participants climb.

Able to accommodate weighing
2200 kilogram (kg).

Period of use: 3 years warranty if
used frequently.

40

Double Pulley (Tandem)
The tandem has the same
function as the pulley but
multiple actions.
The method of care is similar
to the care of a carabiner.
Able to accommodate
weighing 2400 kilogram (kg).
Period of use: 3 years
warranty if used frequently.

41

Type of Pulley:
1. Single Pulley

2. Double Pulley

42

ANATOMY OF CARABINER

Frame or Major Axis Loading
Heel crotch from Rope or Webbing

Nose Spine of
Frame
Gate
Opening Minor Axis

Gate

Rivet Pin Locking Sleeve
or Hinge Rope or Webbing

43

ANATOMY OF HELMET

Shell Vents

Headlamp Adjuster
Clip

Side Strap Chin Strap

44

ANATOMY OF FULL BODY
HARNESS

Blocking Elastic

Elastyx Bands D- Loop

Straps with Sternal
Cuffs Buckles

Top Buckles 0- Loop
Anatomical
Self-Adjustment Extra
Resistant
Toop Loop Stitchings

Trauma Reducing Quick
Buckles
45 Seat
Double Loop

ANATOMY OF HALF
HARNESS

Waist Belt Buckle
Gear Loop
Tie in
Rise Straps Loops
Belay Loop
Leg Loop

46

CHAPTER 3

Safety & Risk

VIDEO & QUIZ 47
48
SAFETY HIGH
ROPE ACTIVITIES

RISK ASSESSMENT 49-50
ACTIVITY &
CONTROL MEASURES

Falling Objects
Unauthorized Access To High Rope
Courses
Rope Burns
Environmental Hazards
Structural Failure
Soft Tissues Injury
Stress / Panic Attack
Helmet Suspension
Slips, Trips & Falls
Physiological Effects

Video

The video gives a brief
introduction to safety
during high rope activities.
You also can use this link:

https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=dvP6N7WQi2U

Quiz

This quiz to see your
level of understanding
of the chapter to be
read. You also can use
this link:

https://qr.page/g/s2PvzuZAQ

47

48

49

50

CHAPTER 4

Type of Rope

TYPE OF ROPE 51

Nylon
Polyester
Hawser Laid
Hemp
Kernmantle

HOW TO CARE 52-56
&MAINTENANCE

How To Cut a Rope
How To Wash Rope
Rope Inspection
How To Store the Rope
Alpine & Butterfly Coil Technique

TYPE OF ROPE TIES 57-65
66
Knot
Bend
Hitch

VIDEO OF ROPE TIES

Type of Rope

1. Nylon

It is a type of rope made from a synthetic polymer known as polyamide.
Generally, light and does not settle water.
Available in the form of slings for climbing use, fishing lines and tangs
used for badminton rackets.
Has a "low melting point" feature that is easy to heat and break if there is


a shift.
2. Polyester

Polyester is a polymer category rope.
Known by its scientific name of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Sturdy and does not decompose even when exposed to nature (aren't
biodegradable)
Polyester is widely used in the construction of tires, ropes, fabrics for
seat belts and conveyor belts.

3. Hawser Laid

Are small ropes that are twisted to make a strong rope.
Known as belati rope or manila rope.
Water settles.
Most other hawser ropes consist of the result of 3 twisted ropes.
Most of these ropes are twisted from the right side using a special
machine.

4. Hemp

It is a rope made from twisted plant fibers.
Plant fibers are from cotton trees, jute trees, coconut fiber, manila hemp
trees, papyrus trees and so on.
Hemp rope is widely used as an anchor rope and it will be stronger if in
wet conditions.

51 5. Kernmantle

Used for outdoor recreational activities. A combination of natural and synthetic
materials.
Exists in 2 categories as Kernmentle Static- Low Stretch Rope (LSR) and
Kernmentle Dynamic- High Stretch Rope (HSR).
It is the only rope certified by the Union Internationale des Association d’Alpinisme
(UIAA) that meets the safety requirements for carrying out rope element activities.
It consists of an inner nylon knot known as the ‘kern’ and an outer layer which also
consists of a nylon weave known as the ‘mantle’
The kernmental straps are lightweight and can weigh up to 2 metric tons.

How to Cut a Rope

There are 3 ways to cut the rope correctly:

1. Using a tie and a knife

Tie 2 constrictor knots, Slice vertically down halfway How To Care & Maintenance
1either side of where the between the 2 binding knots
cut will be made. already tied.

2. Using adhesive tape

Wrap a turn or 2 of adhesive Cut vertically down through
tape around the rope or the middle of the taped
cord. portion.

3. Using a special cutting tool

With an electric guillotine or Use the naked flame of a 52
a heated knife blade (not match or cigarette lighter for
shown), cordage and small a quick but often lumpy seal.
diameter ropes may be
neatly cut and sealed.

How To Wash Rope THE EQUIPMENT USED TO WASH THE CORD :

Bucket
Water
Special soap for kermental
Special brush for kernmental - rope travel

STEPS OF WASHING ROPE:

Soak the rope in water mixed with a
special soap for 10 to 15 minutes while
washing.
Rinse the rope in clean water.
The last rinse should use a special brush.
Hang the rope in a shady place until dry
(do not dry the rope in a hot place).
Roll up and store the rope in a special
bag or hang in a well -ventilated room.

53

Rope Inspection

1.Before starting the rope activity should be checked first. This
rope inspection can be done before and after doing the
activity.

2.Each string has a date when it was first used that can be seen
on the tag.

3.The strength of a rope depends on how often the rope is used,
not just by looking at the length of time it has been used.

4.Usually, the lifespan of a kernmantel rope is 5 years from the
time it is made.

5.Make sure the end of the rope is in a neat condition, if the
tape (adhesive) used is detached, please replace the other.

6.Be careful when you use a rope that has been stored for a
long time, check the rope before use.

7.Fold the rope into a half-circle, if part of the rope looks
broken, then the rope is already damaged. If the rope is
curved round, then the rope can still be used.

8.Common rope inspections before and after the activity are as
follows:
Pass the rope through the palm of your hand to identify any
bumps or cracks on the rope.
Meanwhile, observe the rope if there is any foreign matter
attached and if the outer layer of kermental has begun to
tear or break.

Control Damage Kernmantle Rope

54

How To Store The Rope

1. Cleaned kernmantle rope should be stored
in a store with a good ventilation system.

2. The kernmantle rope needs to be rolled up
and stored in the following ways:

SPECIAL ROPE HANGING A
STORAGE BAG ROPE IN THE STORE




Alpine Coil & Butterfly Coil

Alpine coil and butterfly coil are two types
of rope coil techniques that are often used
during rope recreational activities.
The proper winding technique will keep the
rope neat and easy to carry anywhere.

55

ALPINE COIL TECHNIQUE
BUTTERFLY COIL TECHNIQUE

56

Type Of Rope Ties

KNOT BEND HITCH

A knots is A bend joint two A hitch attaches a
everything other ropes together. line to a post, rail,
than bends or spar, ring or even
hitches. another rope.

Knots are all Bends are Hitch is a
types of ties connections on connection to a
except Bends and 2 ropes. pole, track,
Hitches. circle or other
Ties tied to the rope.
rope.
- Clove Hitch
- End Knot - Reef Bend - Half Hitch
- Bowling Knot - Sheet Bend - Munter Hitch
- Figure of Eight - Fisherman
- Figure of Eight
Bend
on the Beight - Water Bend
- Figure Of Eight

Follow Throw

57

Thumb / End Knot Knot

As a temporary tie at the end of the
rope so as not to fall apart.
To hold the rope not detached from the
pulley block (Pulley block)

Reef Knot

To connect two ropes of the same size
and type.
To connect tent ropes, gift packages
and sling ties.
To tie a triangular cloth.
Easy and quick to open.

58

Knot Bowline Knot

Make 1 hole in the end the rope does
not shrink.
As a safety rope.
Can be used to pull out a fainting victim.
As a guide rope while ascending and
descending the stretcher.

Bowline on The Bight

Make 2 holes in the ends of the same
big rope.
Safety straps on the thighs patients on
stretchers.

59

Sheepshank Knot

Used to shorten the rope without Knot
having to cut the rope.
Can be concluded in the middle of the
rope.
Used to tighten a rope (for example a
tent rope) without having to untie it at
the end of the rope.

Figure of Eight

Make a knot at the end of the rope
while not decomposed.
Make a knot which does not shrink.

60

Knot Figure of Eight On The Bight

Used to place a loop at the end of a
rope, or around an object.
It is also useful for equalizing the load
on two anchors.
It is also used in climbing and
exploring caves.

Figure of Eight Follow Through

Used to attach the loop part to the
spike.
As a temporary bond while climbing
a wall.

61

Sheet Bend Bend

To connect two ropes that are not the
same size, smooth or wet ropes.

Double Sheet Bend

To connect two ropes that are not the
same size and type, smooth or wet
ropes.
Its strength is 3 times stronger than
sheet bend.

62

Bend Fisherman Bend

This is used to connect ropes to hooks
or connect smooth ropes.

Double Fisherman’s Bend

This knot is used to connect ropes that
are wet.
It is also used to connect two ropes of
different sizes.

63

Clove Hitch

This will be used as a starting point for Hitch
tying on wood or the like.
For example, to tie a rope to a wooden
pole, tie the tail of a boat or boat while
at anchor, tie a tent to a wooden pole
and start tying on a stick.

Clove Hitch On The Bight

It is the basis for tying the tie at the 64
end or in the middle of the rope.
Can be used as an anchor bond.
Used to tie the victim on a stretcher.

Hitch Highwayman's / Draw Hitch

To tie a rope to a pole or branch.
Easy to make and open.

Timber Hitch

Temporary bonding increases and
decreases the load.
Very strong and easy to make and
open.

65

This video shows the types of Video of Rope Ties
rope ties that are often used in
high rope activities. You can
scan the QR Code or use the link:
https://youtu.be/FIHCwmMuXY8

66

CHAPTER 5

Activities Of
Rope Course

ACTIVITIES 67-71
72
Abseiling
Repelling
Tree Climbing
Wall Climbing
Hang 10
Burma Bridge
Low V / Wild Woozy
Mohawk Walk
Flying Fox
Nitro Crossing

LOCATION

Activities

Abseiling canyoning

Participants are required to decrease slowly
from the above points to reach the bottom.
Feet without touching or kicking any object or
wall. Canyoning- abseiling activities in the
waterfall area.

rapelling

Used to descend from a high place to a low
level with both feet touching or kicking on the
board, rocks or walls.

67

tree climbing

Tree climbing activity using complete
equipment. This climbing technique does
not require participants to hug a tree
trunk to climb.

wall climbing

This activity requires equipment and
strong use of energy on the hands and
fingers.

68

hang 10

Two participants had to work together to
reach the end by walking on the cable and
while clinging to the rope hanging at the top.

burma bridge

By holding on to the ropes on the right and
left, participants have to walk on the cable
and cross the bridge. It is suitable for child
participants.

69

low v/wild woozy

The cable is attached to three tree trunks and is
V-shaped and it is located 12" (inches) above
ground level. Two participants are required to
move on the cable starting from the V end to the
V opening while facing and supporting each
other.

mohawk walk

The cable will be installed in a zig-zag manner as
high as 12"- 18" (inches) from ground level.
Participants are required to move on the cable
in groups in a row and hold hands to avoid
falling.

70

flying fox

Participants will be in a suspended position
at an elevated location and will be slid down
using a cable or kernmantle rope.

nitro crossing

Participants are required to swing from one
point to another with the help of another
participant’s partner.

71

Location

Escape Petaling Gua Damai Extreme Park,
Jaya, Selangor Batu Caves, selangor

MIR Adventure,
Kuala Lumpur

Skytrex Adventure Camp5 Kuala Lumpur
Sungai Congkak, Selangor Eco City, Kuala

72

References

References

References



WHAT IS ROPE COURSE?

Hashim Bin A. Rahim @ Abd Rahman
Siti Nurliyana Binti Mohd Sukri

Nurul Hanisah Binti Kamarul Hatta

Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah

SYNOPSIS

The book "What is Rope Course?" stories about the
introduction of rope courses for students and at the same time
can help and facilitate the teaching staff in the learning
sessions. This book also provides complete and solid
information to make it easier for the reader to understand it
clearly. In this book, also tells the history of the development
of rope courses, benefits, related organizations in Malaysia
and equipment that is frequently used when doing related
activities. What’s more, this book also explains about the
safety and risks that need to be fixed and followed by each
participant who wants to try high rope activities. In this book
also provides interesting questions to be answered to see
your level of understanding of the chapter and we also
provide a video of rope tying to make it easier for you to learn
the ties more easily. Hence, we hope that this book can be
used as a guidebook and can attract the interest of readers to
get involved in the rope course.