BASIC AUTOCAD HOW GREAT YOU ARE

BASIC
AUTOCAD

How Great You Are?

Siti Nadia Muhammad Samsuddin
Jamaliah Jabar

Saifullizam Abu Bakar



Basic
AutoCAD

HOW GREAT YOU ARE?

Siti Nadia Muhammad Samsuddin
Jamaliah Jabar

Saifullizam Abu Bakar

POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
KEMENTERIAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI



ALL RIGHT RESERVED

Issue2022

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form and by
any means whatsoever including electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording etc. without the written permission of the Author and Publisher of
Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah.

e ISBN 978-967-2860-42-6

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Data Pangkatalogan Perpustakaan

Siti Nadia Muhammad Samsuddin, 1982 Diterbitkan oleh:
Basic AutoCAD : HOW GREAT YOU ARE? / Siti Nadia Muhammad Samsuddin,

Jamaliah Jabar, Saifullizam Abu Bakar.
Mode of access: Internet Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah
eISBN 978-967-2860-42-6 Sg. Lang, 45100 Sg Air Tawar,

1. AutoCAD. Selangor Darul Ehsan
2. Computer-aided design.

3. Computer graphics.
4. Government publications--Malaysia. No. Tel : 03 3280 6200
5. Electronic books. No. Fax : 03 3280 6400
I. Jamaliah Jabar, 1981-. II. Saifullizam Abu Bakar, 1980-. Laman web : https://psis.mypolycc.edu.my
III. Judul.
620.00420285

content Introduction Modify Command

02 Autodesk Education 24 Erase
02 User Interface 25 Move
26 Copy
Layer Command 27 Rotate
28 Mirror
07 Layer Properties 29 Offset
30 Trim and Extend
Status Bar 32 Fillet and Chamfer

10 Orthogonal Annotation
11 Object Snap
35 Text
Draw Command 37 Dimension

13 Line Printing and Plotting
14 Polyline
16 Multiline 41 Paper Size
17 Circle 41 Scalling
18 Arc 42 Plotting
19 Rectangle 45 Plotter Properties
20 Polygon
21 Hatch Reference
22 Gradient

Hand-on with experiences of more than 7 years as a lecturer teaching 2D preface
drawings using AutoCAD, we put together a collection of notes as a
guide for students, undergraduates, and professional players who want
to learn and understand the basic concept of 2D drafting using software
developed by Autodesk.

We do understand the difficulty faced by community colleges &
polytechnic students in understanding contents and guides provided by
existing available on market references. As a result of that knowledge,
we published this ebook to help students a better understanding and
master the knowledge of 2D drafting using AutoCAD software. This
ebook is presented in an easy-to-understand order with one-to-one
steps and a picture as references.

Many thanks to our superiors and colleagues for their guidance,
enthusiasm, and encouragement throughout our preparation of this
ebook. Finally, our deepest gratitude to those who have helped us either
directly or indirectly for the help and support provided.

Autodesk Education introduction

The Education plan gives eligible students and User Interface
educators free one-year, single-user access to
Autodesk software and services for Educational Store various AUTOCAD commands in
Purposes. You can access all software available tabs, panels, ribbons, etc.
through the Education Community, and access is
renewable annually as long as you are eligible.

Introduction Select a different template by clicking (TEMPLATES) under start
drawing. The default setting (acad.dwt). Click (START DRAWING)
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided you will see this user interface below.
Drafting) software application for 2D and 3D. It has significant
improvements in precision and flexibility while working in both 2D
sketches and 3D modeling.

0 1 Autodesk Education

Autodesk Education plan, both educators and students can access
a powerful portfolio of Autodesk products to prepare for the future.
Learn how to get the most out of your Autodesk Education plan
today.

0 2 User Interface

Open AutoCAD by double-clicking the AutoCAD icon and creating
a new drawing by clicking the (START DRAWING) icon on the first
page of the AutoCAD application.

02

AutoCAD 2022 User Interface

Application Quick Access Info Bar
Button Toolbar
Ribbon Tab

File Tab Ribbon Area View Cube
Selection Cursor
Navigation Bar
Drawing Area/ Status Bar
Graphic Area

USC Layout Tabs Command Bar

03

1 Save Drawing As 3

1
2

Change the ‘Files of type' setting from a DWG file to a DWT
(template) file. Also, use the Save as an icon at the top of the
AutoCAD window.

OR Press CTRL+SHIFT+S to get the ‘Save As'option.

04

2 The Command Window 0 3 Mouse
Command window, which is normally docked at the bottom
Mouse as their pointing device, but other devices have
of the application window. The Command window displays equivalent controls.

prompt, options, and messages

Long Press - PAN Scroll - ZOOM
Object Selection
3 Units
First, start a drawing, you need to decide what the length of
one unit represents—an inch, a foot, a centimeter, a
kilometer, or some other unit of length.

Scale Location Setting Customization
4 Always create models at full size. Model refers to the to Improve
Drawing
geometry of your design. Drawing includes the model Productivity
geometry along with the views, notes, dimensions, callouts,
tables, and the title block displayed in the layout.

5 Viewing
Zooming in or out on a drawing is better to control the

overlapping objects. The easiest way to change your view

using the mouse wheel.

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layer command

The layers command is used to control objects'
visibility and assign properties such as color and

line type.

0 1 Layer 3 Choose the LAYER command and click LAYER.

LAYER command to open the Layer Properties Manager. You OR type LAYER or LA at the command bar, and press
can either enter LAYER or LA in the Command window. Click Enter/Spacebar.
the Layer Properties tool on the ribbon. Layers can associate 4
objects by their function or location • Display or hide all objects
related to a single operation • Enforce line type and other
property standards for each layer

1 Click the Layer Properties.

2

07

1 . 1 Layer Properties Manager

i. To Create New Layer : Layer Properties Manager
choose new layer.

ii. To Set Layer Current : Layer Properties Manager
choose layer current

iii. To Delete Layer : Layer Properties Manager
choose delete layer

iv. To Rename Layer : Name layer double click vi. To Change Linetype : Linetype double click
select load @ reload
name change layer choose linetype click ok

v. To Change Color : Color layer double click 03

select color layer click ok

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status bar

The status bar displays the cursor location,
drawing tools, and tools that affect your
drawing environment.

0 1 Orthogonal iv. Object Snap : To align points both horizontally and
Tracking (F11) vertically from object snap locations
Cursor movement to the current horizontal and vertical axes so
that you can draw at right angles or orthogonally. Draw v. Object Snap : To set the default object snaps, which are
Orthogonal option is enabled, lines are restricted to 0 degrees, (F3) also called “running” object snaps. Example
90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees. tangen, center, endpoint, midpoint,
perpendicular, intersection, and quadrant.
Turns object snap on and off.

i. Orthogonal : Locks cursor movement to horizontal or
(Orthomode) (F8) vertical. Turns the orthomode on and off.

ii. Drawing grid : To increments on a rectangular grid.
(Grid Display ) (F7) Turns the grid display on and off.

iii. Grid Snap (F9) : To increments on rectangular snap.
Restricts cursor movement to specified
grid intervals.

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0 2 Object Snap Below the figure drafting settings (Object Snap)

To set Object Snap

Example use

i. Line object press (F3) or click on object snap,
Right click,
object snap setting,
drafting setting,
click endpoint, midpoint, perpendicular &
intersection

ii Circle object press (F3) or click on object snap,
Right click ,
object snap setting,
drafting setting,
center, tangent, intersection & quadrant

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draw command

DRAW instructions can help in
producing any form of drawing

0 1 Line 3 Specify Next Point

Create a straight line segment 2. Move cursor
With LINE, you can create a series of contiguous line segments.
Each segment is a line object that can be edited separately. 1. Specify first point

STEPS : 3. Enter distance
1 Click the LINE tool to draw a line.
Specifies the endpoint of the line segment.
OR type LINE or L at the command bar, and press

Enter/Spacebar. Type the line distance (1000 mm) ENTER/ SPACEBAR.

ON Object Snap tracking together with direct distance entry.

4 Close Line
Connects the first and last point..

2 Specify First Point 13

Click the first point in the empty drawing area.
ON Orthomode (F8) for horizontal or vertical lines.
OFF Orthomode (F8) for oblique line.

0 2 Polyline 2 Specify First Point

Create a 2D polyline that consists of one or more lines joined Click the first point in the empty drawing area.
together end to end. Polyline is like Line, but the only difference is ON Orthomode (F8) for horizontal or vertical lines.
that it is one object instead of many. OFF Orthomode (F8) for oblique line.

Polylines have some unique qualities that make them very useful: 3 Specify Next Point
They can have width (constant or varying)
They can consist of arcs and lines.
They can be edited
They can be joined together.
They can be exploded into individual segments

STEPS :

1 Click the POLYLINE tool to draw a polyline.

PLine weight = 0

OR type PLINE or PL at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

14

2 . 1 Polyline with weight 4 With the same step, try enter:
1.Starting Width = 20
1 Specify Next Point with weight Ending Width = 10

2 Specify Starting width = 30 and press Enter/Spacebar. and
3 Specify Ending width = 30 and press Enter/Spacebar. 2. Staring Width = 0
Ending Width = 60

Starting Width = 00
Ending Width = 60

Starting Width = 20
Ending Width = 10

PLine weight = 30

15

0 3 Multiline b) Scale - Controls the overall width of the multiline.

Create straight parallel lines or more than one line by using ML Scale
(MLINE) command.
STEPS : c) STyle of multiline - Specifies a style to use for the multiline
(STANDARD)
1 Type ML at the command bar, and press Enter/ Spacebar.
3 Example of MULTILINE with:
2 Adjust the Justification, Scale and STyle of multiline.
Justification : Zero
a) Justification - determine the first point of the multiline.
Scale : 30 mm
Top
Zero STyle : Standard
Bottom

16

0 4 Circle 3 Enter RADIUS of the circle and press Enter/ Spacebar.

Create a circle based on a center point and a radius or diameter Radius
value.
STEPS : OR using Diameter of the circle
1 Click the CIRCLE tool to draw a circle.

OR type C at the command bar, and press Enter/Spacebar.

Diameter

2 Click at the center point for the circle.

Type D and press Enter/ Spacebar
Type DIAMETER = 400 mm and press Enter/ Spacebar

17

0 5 Arc 2 Identify which point is Start, Center and End.

Create a curve using specify 3 points - Start Point, Center Point, and Start/ End
End Point.

STEPS :

1 Click the ARC tool to draw a Arc.

Center End/ Start

3 Identify which point is Start, Center and End.

Pick either this
TWO (2) Arc Tool

NOTE

Hold down the Ctrl key as you drag to draw in a clockwise direction
18

0 6 Rectangle 3 Enter D to insert the Dimension of the rectangle, and press
Enter/Spacebar.
Creates a closed rectangular polyline from the specified parameters
such as its diagonal corner points, dimensions, area, and type of
corners.
STEPS :

1 Click the RECTANGLE tool to draw a rectangle.

4 Enter the Dimension of the rectangle:

Length : 500 mm , press Enter/Spacebar
Width : 150 mm , press Enter/Spacebar

OR type REC at the command bar, and press Enter/Spacebar.

5 Specify the other corner --> Click at the drawing area.
Note: You are restricted by the length and width values.

2 Specify the first coner of rectangle.

19

0 7 Polygon 3 Specify center of polygon.

Creates a closed geometric shape that has more than 3 sides, 4 Enter an option either Polygon as Inscribed in circle or
angles, and vertices. Circumscribed about circle.
We need to specify the number of sides to create a polygon. The
maximum number of lines available to create a polygon is 1024.

STEPS :

1 Click the POLYGON tool to draw a polygon.

Radius Radius

OR type POL at the command bar, and press Enter/Spacebar.

Inscribed IN CIRCLE Circumscribed ABOUT
CIRCLE

5 Enter RADIUS of circle polygon and press Enter/Spacebar.

2 Enter the number of sides of the polygon = 7 sides and
press Enter/Spacebar.

20

0 8 Hatch 2 On Hatch Creation Panel, click the hatch pattern.

Fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, solid
fill, or gradient fill.

STEPS :

1 Click the HATCH tool to draw a hatch.

3 Pick Points. Inserts the hatch or fill within a closed area
and press Enter/Spacebar.

OR type H at the command bar, and press Enter/Spacebar.

NOTE Hatch Scale is to adjust the hatch size.

21

0 9 Gradient 3 Pick Points. Inserts the hatch or fill within a closed area
and press Enter/Spacebar.
STEPS :
1 Click the GRADIENT tool to make a gradient..

2 On Hatch Creation Panel, click the Gradient pattern and
change the Gradient Colour.
1

2

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modify command

MODIFY command can help in editing the
drawings that have been produced.

0 1 Erase 2 Select line 1 and 2 and press enter

The Erase command is one of the simplest AutoCAD commands
and is one of the most used. The command erases (deletes) any
selected object(s) from the drawing.

STEP :
1 Click the ERASE tool at the modify pael to erase the
drawing.

3 Object finish to erased

OR type E at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

24

0 2 Move 2 Select rectangle and press enter

Move command can be used to move an object or line from one

place to another place.

STEP :

1 Click the MOVE tool at the modify panel to move the
drawing.

3 Move rectangle from point 1 to point 2

OR type M at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

25

0 3 Copy 2 Copy rectangle from point 1 to point 2
3 Select rectangle to copy and press enter
The copy command is used to copy the objects or line.

STEP :

1 Click the COPY tool at the modify panel to copy the
drawing.

OR type CO at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

26

0 4 Rotate 2 Objected selected

The rotate command is used to rotate the object by an
absolute angle. It turns objects through the specified point. The
specified point is the base point, and the rotation is performed
from that point.

STEP :

1 Click the ROTATE tool at the modify panel to rotate the
drawing.

3 Pick base point and enter value -30 angle for rotation and
press enter

OR type RO at the command bar, and press 4 Objected Finish to rotated
Enter/Spacebar.

27

0 5 Mirror 2 Select objected
3 Pick point 1 and 2 for mirror border
The mirror command in AutoCAD is used to create a copy

(mirror copy) of the selected object. We can also delete the

source object after mirroring the object.

STEP :

1 Click the MIRROR tool at the modify panel to mirror the
drawing.

OR type MI at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

4 Object finished to mirror

28

0 6 Offset 2 Enter value 10 for specify distance at command bar
3 Select object 1,2,3 and 4 to offset
The offset command in AutoCAD is used to create parallel
lines, concentric circles, and parallel curves. We can offset
any object through a point or at a specified distance. We can
create as many parallel lines and curves with the help of the
offset command.

STEP :

1 Click the OFFSET tool at modify panel to offset the line.

OR type O at the command bar, and press 4 Object finish to offset
Enter/Spacebar.

29

0 7 Trim 2 Select border line 1 and 2
3 Trim the selected line
The Trim command in AutoCAD is used to remove the objects,
which meet the edges of other objects. It is used to remove
extra lines or extra parts of an object. We can also perform trim
using different selection methods. We are required to select the
portion of the object to trim.

STEP :

1 Click the TRIM tool at the modify panel to trim the
drawing.

OR type TR at the command bar, and press 4 Object finish to trim
Enter/Spacebar.

30

0 8 Extend 2 Select object to extend

The extend command is used to extend the selected boundaries
or edges. The objects are extended so that the edges of other
objects can be converged.

STEP :

1 Click the EXTEND tool at the modify panel to extend the
drawing.

3 Object finish to extend

OR type EX at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

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0 9 Fillet 2 Type r or select radius at command prompt
3 Enter value 200 at specify fillet radius
The fillet command is used to create rounded edges 4 Select line 1,2,3,4,5 and 6
between the adjacent lines and faces in 2D and 3D. It is also
used to connect two tangent arcs in 2D.

STEP :

1 Click the FILLET tool at the modify panel to Rounds or
fillet the edges of drawing.

OR type F at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

5 Object finish to fillet

32

1 0 Chamfer

The chamfer command in AutoCAD is used to create slanted edges. 3 Enter value 100 for specify first chamfer.
4 Enter value 100 for specify second chamfer.
STEP :

1 Click the CHAMFER tool at the modify panel to chamfer
the edges of the drawing.

5 Select line 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 then press enter.

OR type CHA at the command bar, and press
Enter/Spacebar.

6 Object finish to chamfer.

2 Type D at command prompt

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annotation

create notes, labels, bubbles, and callouts and also
help CAD drafters keep track of all the important

information a plain image can not express in a
project.

0 1 Text 3 Create a "text box" with two diagonal clicks.

Two type of text that can be used in AutoCAD Multiline dan Specify the text box, the In-Place Editor is displayed and
Single Line. Multiline Text and if you move the text, multiple lines 4 you can easily change the length and width of the note
stay grouped together. Single Line text is useful for writing out a
collection of notes; each return creates a separate entity. Icon before, during or after typing the text and finish.
Multiline text
STEP :

1 Create a Multiline text

Open MULTILINE TEXT or type MT at command bar

2 Type MT (MTEXT) at command bar

35

STEP : Give Name and then choose a font and a font style. The order
1 Create to Text Style 3 in which you click the buttons is shown. Save any new or

changed text styles.

Open the TEXT STYLE command or type TS at
command bar

2 Choose TEXT STYLE at command bar

36

0 2 Dimension 2 Aligned Dimensions
Works like the linear dimension. The big difference works with
Dimension used to let the drawing reader know what size each lines or distances that are not square to the UCS. Also use this
length or curve. Dimension is the process of measuring either the on any 2 points that are also compatible with the linear
area or the volume that an object occupies. If your dimensions are dimension. It will create a dimension parallel to the angled line.
inaccurate, you will not be working in CAD for very long, no matter
how accurate your drawing is.

1 Linear Dimensions
Measures a line that is either horizontal or perpendicular to
the UCS. This is the most commonly used dimension and is
very easy to use.

3 Angular Dimensions.
Dimensions between 2 points and gives the resulting angle
measurement using degrees standard.

37

4 Arc Length 9 Spacing of Dimensions
Command works simply, select an arc or arc segment of a Aligns the selected dimensions to an even spacing.

polyline.

5 Diameter Dimension
Measure diameter and radius dimensions work the same, but
give a different measurement.

6 Radius Dimension 10 Continue Dimensions
Dimension arc or circle, give the radius and place a center Continues dimensioning from a base dimension. A series of
mark at the center of the selected object.
linear dimensions that will all be on one side of an object.
7 Center Mark
Places a center mark at the center point of an arc or circle

8 Baseline Dimensions
Continues dimension from a base dimension to give an overall
dim.

38

11 Rotated Dimensions
Rotated Dimension is not a dimension that was rotated

using the rotate command. Instead it allows you to create a

linear dimension to two points that are not in a straight line.

.

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printing and plotting

PLOTTING is a method of printing AutoCAD drawings
using a plotter.

Printing and Plotting 0 2 Scalling

1.0 Scaling is the process to select a scale for a drawing and all the
0 1 Paper Size annotative text, dimensions, blocks and hatches change to reflect
the scale. It also is set independently for each viewport so
Paper Sizes which standard large format page sizes you wish to multiple scales can show on one sheet drawing. Below are the
appear in your drop-down list of page sizes in AutoCAD plug-in multiple scales in AutoCAD.
(ANSI, ARCH, ISO). All page sizes are available by default.
Below the standard paper sizes in AutoCAD. 12

41

0 3 Plotting 0 42 Plot - Model Interface

Plotting from AutoCAD is done through the PLOT command,
where many configuration options are included. AutoCAD stores
all the current plot specifications in the configuration file .The plot
procedure in AutoCAD is very easy to used because there is no
need to select specific devices.
STEP :

1 Plotting Drawing

13

2

42

3 Choose name Printer/plotter 2 Choose Paper Size

0 1 Paper Size

43

5 Plot area, pick WINDOW 8 Plot Style Table - Pick MONOCROME
6 Plot offset, tick CENTER THE PLOT
7 Plot Scale - Pick SCALE 01

9 Preview the drawing

44