MODULE - BASIC GRAMMAR - REVISED EDITION

ENGLISH LANGUAGE MODULE

BASIC GRAMMAR

1-2-3 EASY GUIDE

REVISED EDITION

16

Basic Grammar: 1 – 2 – 3 Easy Guide has been
written to meet curriculum specifications to help
teachers in teaching process and also prepare students,
especially average and weaker students for the English
Language Paper. There are nine units in the module.
Each unit has been carefully planned and written to
motivate interest in pupils. For every unit, detailed
guidelines to teachers and students are provided.

Students and teachers are advised to go through all
the units carefully, staring with the simple notes and
making their way through the exercises. It is not solely
preparing students to sit for examinations but it is about
building the skills needed.

This module has been carefully designed to be user-
friendly, especially to the teachers and the weaker
students.

KHO CHAI KUAI
ENGLISH LANGUAGE SISC+
MACHANG EDUCATION DISTRICT OFFICE
MACHANG, KELANTAN

GUIDELINES:

 Read the notes given carefully.
 Study the given picture carefully to help understand better.
 If you come to the difficult task, move on to the next task. Ask for your

teacher‟s guide. The teacher needs to assist the students.
 Work out the answers slowly.
 If you do not know the meaning of a word, check its meaning in the

dictionary.

# REMEMBER:

- Proper Noun – begin with capital letters.
Examples : Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Temangan
Kota Bharu
Suriana Salleh
Jalan Long Yunus

PRACTICE 1 : WORK IT OUT…………
Pick out common noun and proper noun and write in the correct column.

house hat Cinderella Pacific Hotel office

Toyota Wish flower Mersing Pink Panther
cow

police Ultraman Jalan Mahkota book river

Sunday May bungalow Mr. Razak poem

Common Noun Proper Noun

PRACTICE 2 : WORK ON THESE…………

A. Circle the common nouns in the following sentences.

1. There are many children at the park. (2)
2. The animals at the zoo get enough food. (3)
3. This book is not new. (1)
4. Sazali has two pet hamsters and five pet fish. (2)
5. She is my friend. (1)
6. Please put the glass in the sink. (2)
7. The woman cleans the house very week. (3)
8. My mother buys new sofa. (2)

B. Underline the proper nouns.

1. Sarjit sits beside me in class. (1)
2. I met my old friend, Sarina in Kuala Lumpur last week. (2)
3. I talked to Richie at Max Restaurant just now. (2)
4. I live at Jalan Dua, Taman Setia Indah. (2)
5. Hagemaru is my favourite cartoon. (1)
6. We stayed in Dani Hotel when we were in Kota Bharu. (2)
7. My neighbour, Lim Lee Kee is a kind boy. (1)
8. My brother bought a new car, Nissan Grandis two days ago. (1)

PRACTICE 3 : THIS OR THAT?????

Choose the best answer from the option given.

Rizal likes to keep chickens. He has a__________ (drake, rooster) and two hens. He
keeps them in a big __________(cage, house). Sometimes, he lets them out. He throws grain
of rice for the ___________(chicken, chickens). They peck at the grains with their ________
(claws, beaks). They have ___________ (feathers, wings) but they cannot fly high.

COMMON NOUNS

SINGULAR PLURAL
(ONE) (MORE THAN 1)

SINGULAR NOUNS (1) PLURAL NOUNS (MORE THAN 1)

‘s’

boy piano goat boys pianos goats
day house pencil
flower paper pen days houses pencils

flowers papers pens

‘-s’, ‘-ch’, ‘-sh’, ‘-x’, ‘-o’ ‘-es’

bus class match buses classes matches
boxes glasses watches
box glass watch foxes buffaloes potatoes

fox buffalo potato

Child Children
Oxen
Ox ‘-ies’
‘-y’ ladies
lorries flies
lady fly story cities stories
strawberries
lorry city strawberry
‘-f’ / ‘-fe’ thieves
‘-ves’
leaf wife knife thief leaves wives knives
 Exception – roofs, chiefs, safes,

beliefs

Vowel – ‘a’ ‘e’

woman man tooth mouse women men teeth mice

same same

deer furniture sheep stationery deer furniture sheep stationery

scissors shorts spectacles news pyjamas scissors shorts spectacles news pyjamas

PRACTICE 1 : TRY THIS OUT……

A. Give the plural form of these words.

Example : hat - hats

1. car - _________ 11. onion - _____________

2. ribbon - __________ 12. shop - _____________
3. box - __________ 13. axe - _____________

4. duck - __________ 14. room - _____________
5. policeman - __________ 15. laboratory - _____________

6. television - __________ 16. computer - _____________

7. eraser -__________ 17. chicken - _____________

8. deer - __________ 18. watch - _____________
9. van - __________ 19. dog - _____________
10. mosquito -__________ 20. girl - _____________

B. Give the singular form of these words
Example : bats – bat

1. nets - _____________ 11. worms - _____________
2. heroes - _____________ 12. sticks - _____________
3. brushes - _____________ 13. dictionaries - _____________
4. teeth - _____________ 14. boxes - _____________
5. flies - _____________ 15. letters - _____________
6. balls - _____________ 16. bags - _____________
7. papers - _____________ 17. stars - _____________
8. friends - _____________ 18. umbrellas - _____________
9. dresses - _____________ 19. baskets - _____________
10. books - _____________ 20. babies - _____________

PRACTICE 2 : MR. RIGHT!!!!

Indicate right (R) or wrong (W) in the space provided.

1. Two bags ( )
2. Many child ( )
3. Four stick ( )
4. Three women ( )
5. One rulers ( )
6. Five lamps ( )
7. Fifty balloon ( )
8. Four spoons ( )
9. Few girls ( )
10. Six mice ( )

PRACTICE 3 : ONE LITTLE TWO LITTLE THREE……..

Underline the correct word in the brackets.

1. Rajoo wants to meet that (man, men).
2. The (girl, girls) is drinking orange juice.
3. There are (lizard, lizards) on the wall.
4. The (firemen, fireman) are helping to put out fire.
5. The (hawkers, hawker) cleans his stall every evening.
6. She wants to have a (burger, burgers).
7. There are some (sweet, sweets) in the tin.
8. Two (butterflies, butterfly) are flying in the garden.

PRACTICE 4 : FLYING WITHOUT WINGS……

Circle one mistake and rewrite the sentences correctly in the blank space.

1. You must not play with those matchs.
_______________________________________________.

2. Deers are wild animals.
_______________________________________________.

3. There are many lorrys outside the warehouse.
_______________________________________________.

4. The baby has two tooths.
_______________________________________________.

5. He drank two glass of apple juice.
_______________________________________________.

6. These boy are my friends.
_______________________________________________.

7. She reads a books every day.
_______________________________________________.

8. The mans over there are my uncles.
_______________________________________________.

9. Butterflies have beautiful wing.
_______________________________________________.

10. The shop sells a lot of toy.
_______________________________________________.

GUIDELINES:

 Students work in pair (Better and weak students).
 Teacher read out the instructions clearly.
 Make sure that they understand the task they should complete.
 If the students do not understand the task, they should ask for their

teacher help, or they can go to their friends who are able to help them.
 After they have completed each task given, the pair go to the other pair

and discuss the answer. They discuss the answers among themselves.
 Finally, they discuss the answers with the teachers.
 At the end of the lesson, if any student still unable to understand, both

student and the teacher are advised to go through the lesson again.

# REMEMBER:

 The verb in a sentence is always agrees with the subject.
 If the subject is singular, the verb is singular.
 If the subject is plural, the verb is plural.

Look at the table below.

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Ahmad has a bicycle.
He works at a post office.
It is a big fish.
The girls have Barbie‟s dolls.
They do their homework.
Both the women are in the kitchen.
Each girl has a handkerchief.
Every child sings well.
Lily and Leo are washing the bicycles.
The cat sits on the table.

PRACTICE 1: WORK ON THESE…….

A. Fill in the blanks with „is‟ or „are‟.

1. There _______ many bees in the field.
2. My uncle and his friend _______ at the bus station.
3. The table ________ made of wood.
4. The baby ________ crying.
5. The crows _______ black.
6. Madam Kho ______ not here yet.
7. Syuhairy and Amri ________ best friends.
8. One of the girls _________ pretty.
9. The children _________ staying with their grandmother.
10. The class‟ monitor ________ a fierce boy.
11. Radin and Tommy ___________ doctors.
12. Both of them ___________ in the house.

B. Fill in the blanks with „has‟ or „have‟.

1. The cat ________ to sleep outside.
2. Jimmy _________ to finish his homework.
3. The men __________ to buy food for us.
4. The women ____________ very lovely dresses.
5. You ___________ to help me to finish the Science project.
6. My brothers ___________ to leave home soon.

7. My friend __________ a pet hamster in his cage.
8. I __________ many uncles and aunts.
9. My wife ___________ a long, beautiful dress.
10. Each of them __________ two hats.
11. Miss Lim ________ a son.
12. Mei Ling _________ a packet of noodles.
13. Tom and Jerry __________ blue jackets.
14. Every teacher ________ a car.
15. Peter and Jane __________ many story books.
16. They ________ to be in school at 7.20 in the morning.
17. Rogayah _________ a lot of friends.
18. The fishermen _________ speed boats.
19. My sisters ________ red blouses.
20. Tomok ________ a lot of fans.

C. Fill in the blanks with „do‟ or „does‟.

1. Giraffes ________ not eat meat.
2. The dog _________ not eat leaves.
3. ________ you go shopping often?
4. My father _________ not work in a bank.
5. We ________ our homework all the time.
6. Belinda and Ben _________ not dance well.
7. My aunt _________ not bake chocolate cake.
8. Rosie and Robert ________ not want to go out tonight.
9. That ring ______ not suit you.
10. We ________ our revision every night.

PRACTICE 2 : LONE RANGER…..

Underline the correct verbs.

1. Dogs (eat, eats) bone.
2. Duck (quacks, quack).
3. Shirley (sell, sells) cakes at the wet market.
4. Turtles (lay, lays) eggs in a hole.
5. His younger brother (plays, play) basketball for his school.
6. The poor woman (bakes, bake) bread to sell.
7. My uncle (drive, drives) a taxi every day.
8. Mimi (love, loves) to buy red baju kurung.
9. We always (helps, help) our teachers to carry books.
10. Ever weekend, many people (go, goes) to the zoo to see wild animals.

PRACTICE 3: TEAMWORK ALWAYS WORKS………

A. There is only ONE mistake in each sentence. Circle the mistake and rewrite the
sentence correctly.

1. The children has a lot of comics.
____________________________________________________.

2. Razis want to watch the midnight movie.
____________________________________________________.

3. We is practicing volleyball in the field.
____________________________________________________.

4. Miss Chua are washing her clothes now.
____________________________________________________.

5. Both of you is very clever.
____________________________________________________.

6. Every student have a pencil and ruler.
____________________________________________________.

7. Ruby and Sam has kittens.
____________________________________________________.

8. The rabbits eats carrot.
____________________________________________________.

9. Roses is beautiful flowers.
____________________________________________________.

10. Each boy wear a cap and T-shirt.
____________________________________________________.

B. Change the words in bold to the PLURAL. Make other changes where necessary.

1. My friend does not like to play under the hot sun.
____________________________________________________________.

2. That boy goes to school by van.
____________________________________________________________.

3. The doctor treats the patients in the hospital.
____________________________________________________________.

4. The chair is new.
____________________________________________________________.

5. The lady has been to my house before.
_____________________________________________________________.

6. My sister is too sick to go to school today.
_____________________________________________________________.

7. The gardener makes sure the school looks beautiful.
_____________________________________________________________.

8. The leaf is green.
_____________________________________________________________.

9. There is a book on the table.
_____________________________________________________________.

10. Cat likes to eat fish.
_____________________________________________________________.

C. Change the words in bold to the SINGULAR. Make other changes where necessary.

1. These knives are very sharp.
_____________________________________________________________.

2. Tigers are fierce animals.
_____________________________________________________________.

3. The women are happy to see their children.
_____________________________________________________________.

4. My dresses are beautiful.
_____________________________________________________________.

5. The firemen help to put out fire.
_____________________________________________________________.

6. The mice eat the cheese on the table.
_____________________________________________________________.

7. The cars are new and expensive.
_____________________________________________________________.

8. Those watches are made in Malaysia.
_____________________________________________________________.

9. My fingers are hurt.
_____________________________________________________________.

10. Goats do not eat meat. They eat grass.
_____________________________________________________________.

PRACTICE 4 : PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT……..

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.

Puan Maisarah ____________(sell, sells) fruit. They ____________ (are, is) from her
orchard beside the roadside. She _____________ (have, has) a lot of fruit trees such as
papaya, banana, mango, rambutan and jackfruit trees in the orchard. People always
________ (like, likes) to buy her fruit because they are fresh and sweet. She _____________
(do, does) not have to sell them at the market.

GUIDELINES:

 Most students find that this unit is difficult to understand.
 The teacher is advised to use flashcards to help students understand

the topic better.
 Students are divided into small group of discussion.
 Each group is given worksheets.
 They need to complete the worksheets within the time given.
 After the discussion, one of the group member would click on the

chosen answer or read it out in front of the class.
 The teacher needs to guide and give clear explanation if the

answers chosen are wrong.

A

Zero Articles An
Article

(-)

The

A. A consonant sound

 Use before a singular (1) and countable noun.
 Use with the words that begin with

(b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z).

a horse a table a bag a cat a house

 Notes : University, uniform – „yu‟ sound – use the article „a‟.

B. An
 Use before a singular (1) and countable noun.
 Use with the words that begins with a vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u).

an orange an ant an egg an elephant

 Notes: Hour – „h‟ is silent – use the article „an‟.

C. The
 Use for plural nouns.

the flowers the boys

 Use for uncountable nouns (things cannot be counted).

the water in the glass the sugar

 Use for a specific person, object or place.

Examples:
a. I know the boy who lives next door.
b. Maria will meet him at the cinema.

 Use when we speak of only one such thing.

the sun the moon

D. Zero article (-)
 Abstract nouns
 Exercise is important.
a. Love is blind.

 With words like college, home, market, school, town etc.

 With names of roads and specific areas.
a. My friend lives in Mahkota Street.
b. Many areas along Jalan Temangan were flooded last month.

 With names of diseases or illnesses, except cold, fever ,sore throat etc.
a. Mr. Kim died of cancer last two years.
b. Measles are common among kids nowadays.

PRACTICE 1 : SIXTH SENSE……..

1. an_____________ 2. a ______________ 3. a _____________

4. an ______________ 5. the _____________ 6. an ______________

Write „a‟ or „an‟ followed by the name of object in the picture.
_________________

PRACTICE 2 : SIXTH SENSE II….. 11. _______ hat
12. _______ refrigerator
Fill in the blanks with „a‟ or „an‟. 13. _______ branch
14. _______ ice cube
1. _______ ox 15. ________ old house
2. _______ well 16. ________ university
3. _______ baby 17. ________ honour
4. _______ ice cream 18. ________ unicorn
5. _______ uncle 19. ________ bottle
6. _______ unit 20. ________ aeroplane
7. _______ yolk
8. _______ eggplant
9. _______ aubergine
10. _______ okra

PRACTICE 3 : THERE YOU GO……..

A. Fill in the blanks with „a‟ or „an‟.

1. This is _______ black dog.
2. She has _______ rectangle album.
3. He has _______ bicycle.
4. My father drives ________ old car to work.
5. Please give me ________ extra biscuit.
6. Do you have _________ blouse, Anis?
7. He went to the shop to buy _______ iron.
8. Mr. Danny is _________ handsome young man.
9. I live in ________ bungalow.
10. Is that _______ apple I gave you?

B. Choose „a‟, „an‟ or „the‟ to fill in the blanks.

1. He was here ________ hour ago.
2. Can I have ________ glass of orange juice?
3. Chee Seng is ________ shortest boy in my class.
4. I can see ________ car under the big tree.
5. We often drive to ________ beach on the weekends.
6. _______ eagle is _______ big bird.
7. This is ________ interesting book.
8. May I go to ________ toilet, Miss Jones?
9. There is _______ white board in the computer laboratory.
10. Mariam is ________ honest girl.

PRACTICE 4 : GO, GO, GO……
Complete the instructions below with suitable articles.

\
To prepare chicken soup is as easy as ABC. It is _________ tasty dish. These are

_______ steps in preparing ________ soup. Firstly, chop ________ chicken into small
pieces and trim off _______ fat. Put the pieces into ________ pot and add enough water to
boil. When it is boiling, reduce ________ heat. After this, fry _________ soup ingredients
in _________ pan. Lastly, add ________ ingredients to ________ soup and boil it over
__________ low heat.

GUIDELINES:

 To help students to master this unit, body language is used to help them
understand much better.

 Visual and body language are collaborated so that they would have clear
and better understanding.

 Get students involve in the activity by following every instruction given.
Get them move to the rhythm of preposition‟s chanting.

 The teacher may use her or his creativity to make teaching and learning
interesting.

 Students‟ cooperation is needed.
 They are inquired to ask questions if they do not understand.

 Prepositions are usually placed before nouns and pronouns to show position or place,
direction, time and manner.

Place/Position Direction
in, on, at, beside, between, to, from, over, across, up, down,
against, under, in front of,
above, below, next to, near, along, around, through, past,
into, towards
among

Prepositions

Time Manner
at, in, before, after, during, by
since, from, on, until, for,

since

PRACTICE 1 : TRY THESE OUT……
A. Choose the prepositions given below.

into in on up
to under out
between beside

into

Last Tuesday, Fendy saw a little kitten _________ the drain _________ his house.
He reached ________ the drain and picked the kitten __________. Then, he took the tiny
kitten _________ his house. He put it _________ the floor and poured some milk ________
a bowl. Then, he gave the kitten the milk. After that, he put an old newspaper __________
the kitchen table. He put the kitten __________ the newspaper but it crawled ____________
the sheets. It refused to come ________, so he left it there.

B. Complete the directions below with „on‟, „at‟, „into‟, „along‟ or „beside‟.

From the hotel, turn right_________ West Street. Go_____________ the
street. You will a bookstore on your left and a bank________ your right. Then you will
reach _________ the crossroads. Turn left ___________ South Street. Go straight.
________ your right, you can see a city hall and a library. ___________the library is
a________________. You will reach ________the crossroads again. Go straight on and
you will see the zoo___________ your right side.

C. Refer to Rick‟s daily schedule to write about his daily activities. Use suitable
prepositions of place and time.

Rick is very busy every Saturday. He has many activities __________ morning
________ night. He wakes up _________ 7.30 a.m. He jogs _________ the park ________
about 45 minutes. _________ that, he has a hearty breakfast ________ the hawker stall.
______ 9.30 a.m., he goes home and gets ready to go _______ school for his society meeting.

_________ the afternoon, he has lunch with his family. ________ lunch, he watches
television. Sometimes, he takes a short nap. _________ the evening, he plays football
______ the field _________ his house. ________ night, Rick has dinner ________ home
with his family.

to at after at for after
from in near at at to
at at in in for

PRACTICE 2 : CRACK YOUR HEAD….

Circle the correct prepositions.

1. Cover the food (in, on) the table.
2. Adam can see many trees (of, along) the road.
3. The little boy ran (from, across) the busy road.
4. She will meet you (in, at) noon (on, in) Monday.
5. They stayed in that wood house (of, for) a long time.
6. My father left the house (after, until) breakfast.
7. The letter was sent (at, to) London (by, in) mail.

8. The kind boy climbed (in, up) the ladder to save the cat.
9. Rita walks (to, from) the door to open it.
10. They live in the condominium (above, inside) us.
11. He jumped down (to, from) the tree.
12. They threw stones (in, into) the lake.
13. She spreads peanut butter (on, in) the bread.
14. She is leaning (behind, against) the gate.
15. You must put your pencil (on, over) the desk.
16. Go (along, beside) the street and turn left.
17. That woman who is walking (across, over) the road is my neighbour.
18. The horse jumped (over, by) the fence.
19. Go and sit (beside, between) Basirah and Azuen.
20. There is a big gate (in front of, behind) my school.

PRACTICE 3 : SPOT THE MISTAKE!

There is ONE mistake. Circle the mistake and rewrite the sentence correctly.

1. I went in the staffroom to see Mr. Amin.
____________________________________________________________.

2. Lily jumped on the river to save the little girl.
____________________________________________________________.

3. Mr. Razali is flying at Kuala Lumpur for a meeting.
____________________________________________________________.

4. He walked into the open door.
____________________________________________________________.

5. The noise is coming in that warehouse.
____________________________________________________________.

6. I met Gary in my way here.
____________________________________________________________.

7. Mr. Raman always fishes on the river.
____________________________________________________________.

8. The puppies are looking after their mother.
____________________________________________________________.

GUIDELINES:

 Get the students in a group of three.
 Prepare for the quiz.
 After the hands-out of the topic is distributed to the groups, the teacher

gives clear explanation of the topic. They are encouraged to ask
questions if they do not understand.
 Then, the activity is carried out. Each correct answer will be rewarded
with 5 marks. If they fail to answer correctly, the amount of 3 marks will
be deducted.
 Time allocation for each question to be answered is within 45 seconds.
 This activity helps to sharpen their listening and speaking skills.
 However, the teacher can always adapt and adopt this activity.

Grammar Today is Friday. Barathi is hungry. So, she
in Story decides to go for buffet lunch in Kota Bharu. She

loves to eat spaghetti and vegetarian food. She walks

quickly into the restaurant. There are lots of food but

she does not see any spaghetti. Barathi is very sad.
She says to herself, “I will try the noodles. If the noodles are not good, I will

have a glass of carrot juice.” Therefore, feeling more cheerful, she goes to

serve herself.

Conjunctions are joining words.
They are used to join words, ideas

or sentences.

and But
 Mama buys eggs and vegetables.  My teacher is fierce but kind.
 Siva is reading and eating.  Liang is thin but Fei is fat.

or so
 Do you like orange or apple?  Roy is tired, so he goes to bed.
 I have to finish my homework or the  We are hungry, so we go to the

teacher will scold me. canteen to buy some food.
because/since/as when/while/whilst

 I am angry because he stole my  Vicky saw an accident when he was
pencil. on his way home.

 We help him since he is our best  The lady was singing while cooking.
friend.  Papa is drinking coffee whilst mama

 As she is poor, Mrs. Leong bought is reading magazine.
her a school uniform.
although/though/even though If
 If she comes to school, she will not
 Although he is sick, he refuses to go
to the hospital. miss out the lessons.
 If you leave now, you just might get
 Though the woman is old, she is
strong. the bus.

 Even though it is heavily rain, she either – or
goes to school.  Either you finish the History project

unless or you will fail the subject.
 The teacher cannot help the bad boy moreover/in

unless he listens to him. addition/besides/furthermore
neither – nor  Rani is hardworking. Besides, she is

 Neither the teachers nor students kind.
attended the party.

Sequence Connectors

Use to show the sequence when we
describe a process or procedure.

 Firstly/First,……….
 Secondly/Second,………….
 Next,………..
 Then,………..
 After that,…………
 Finally/Lastly,………..

To make a cup of coffee is easy. First, put a bit of coffee powder in a cup. Second,
add in hot water. Next, add a teaspoon of sugar. Then, stir it well. Finally, drink it
when it is hot.

PRACTICE 1: GO AND X-PLORE……

A. Fill in the blanks with „and‟ or „but‟.

1. Lilian wants to buy the purse _________ she does not have the money.
2. The cat has brown _________ white patches on its body.
3. Rehan has invited me to his house ________ Hussin is not invited.
4. We are going to sit here ________ wait for Rita.
5. The sky is dark ________ it is going to rain soon.
6. My best friend, Simon has a gold fish _______ a Siamese cat.
7. The girl is tall ________ her brother is taller.
8. Please put on your socks _______ shoes.
9. I like to sing _______ read novel.
10. Farhan wants to fly a kite ________ he doesn‟t know how.

B. Fill in the blanks with „because‟ or „so‟.
1. The bus driver fell asleep _________ he was too tired.
2. She had fever ________ she went to see a doctor.
3. It was raining ________ the football match was cancelled.
4. Aidil was punished by his teacher _________ he did not do his homework.
5. He was hungry, ________ he ate a plate of chicken rice.
6. Mother gave the pink dress to me __________ it was too small for Lisa.
7. Peter cannot attend the meeting _________ he is not well.
8. It rained all day ________ we stayed at home.
9. I am angry ________ she broke my crystal vase.
10. The plant is dying ________ it is not getting enough water.

C. Underline the correct answer.

1. Yee Shun is an obedient boy. (If, But, So) many teachers like him.
2. You will succeed (if, so, but) you work hard.
3. Dou you prefer rabbit (or, and) hamster?
4. (So, Although) the old man is 83 years old, he can carry a big stone.
5. They drove a car home (because, after) watching the rock concert.
6. Either Azim (or, nor) Adam has to go.
7. Darren studied hard (but, so) he failed.
8. The dog barks (because, when, and) it sees a stranger.
9. Please bring me some bread (so, and) a cup of coffee.
10. Switch off the computer (after, before) you go out.
11. Arina can dance well (so, but, because) cannot sing at all.
12. I am sick (so, because) I do not go to school today.
13. Either Jill (or, and) Jane must go to the shop.
14. (As, Although) Nanny is busy, she always helps me.
15. Neither he (nor, or) she went to the show.

PRACTICE 2 : PICK AND CHOOSE……….

Match correctly.

Shall we play chess and had my supper.

playplascrabble when he arrived.

My aunt went to the market

She doesn’t want to see doctor because she was too busy.
They were very hungry but did not buy any fish.
Sam called me from the airport or watch cartoon?

She did not go to the party so they had dinner earlier.
I shall go to Disneyland because she is very kind.
He called her many times though she is sick.
I got home at 10 p.m. if I have enough money.
Hema has a lot of friends but she did not hear him.

PRACTICE 3 : COME AND JOIN US…..
Join each sentences using a suitable conjunction.

1. Is your rabbit white? Is your rabbit black? (or, and)
_________________________________________________________________.

2. My elder sister cut up the vegetable. She fried it. (because, and)
_________________________________________________________________.

3. You did not listen to your teacher. You failed in the examination. (but, so)
_________________________________________________________________.

4. We must walk slowly. We will wake up the baby. (so, or)
_________________________________________________________________.

5. We won the handball match. Our players were well-trained. (as, and)
_________________________________________________________________.

6. I like jackfruit. I dislike rose apple. (but, so)
_________________________________________________________________.

7. My friend comes. Tell her to wait for me. (When, If)
_________________________________________________________________.

8. The game was over. We waited at the canteen. (When, If)
_________________________________________________________________.

PRACTICE 4 : WIN OR LOSE?
A. Complete the story below with suitable conjunctions.

There are two girls in the room. They are Umi ______ (or, and) Uma. They are
fanning themselves __________ (and, because) it is very hot. There is a fan in the room

__________ (but, so) it is not on. There is no electricity __________ (so, because)
the girls cannot watch television. They are sitting on the floor ________ (but, and) talking to
each other.

B. Use Sequence Connectors to complete the recipe below.

How to Prepare a Soy Bean Milk
__________, soak the beans for at least eight hours to soften them. Put them
into a blender and add some water. ___________, switch on the blender and blend the
soy beans well. ___________, strain it. You can use a sieve to do this. _________,
boil it for about half an hour. __________, cool it. __________, add sugar to the
drink.

GUIDELINES:

 Basically, this is the part where students are unable to master. Therefore,

it affects their ability in writing good sentences.
 The teacher is advised to go through this unit slowly and fully helped out

the students.
 Teacher is also advised to adapt and adopt any part of this unit to suit the

students‟ levels.
 Attempt every practice thoroughly.
 Teacher‟s guidance is essential and simplify them if necessary.
 Put the students in group discussion. Make sure there are different levels

of students in a group. The better student should guide the weaker one.

The teacher should lend them a hand too.
 If the students still cannot master this unit, go through each practice again

and make sure the teacher guides the students slowly.

Grammar I love my pet cat, Kitty. It is a Siamese. It has long a
in Story long body and four short legs. Its ears are short and big. Its fur

is grey. Kitty likes to eat fish.

Kitty loves to chase rats in the house. It is a good cat.

Every evening, I take Kitty to the park near my house. I take Kitty for walks. Kitty enjoys

walking. It walks obediently beside me. Sometimes, I give Kitty a big, fresh fish as a treat.

SUBJECT VERB

Singular (1) With „s‟
He is
She has
It
does
A woman buys
The baby drinks
Plural(more than one) No ‘s‟
am
I are
You do
We have
They buy
The women drink
The babies

 Note: „I‟ and „You‟ – categorized as plural subjects.

USAGE EXAMPLES
Habitual actions  Jamal brushes his teeth every

Actions that are happening at the time of morning.
speaking  Every morning, I go to school by bus.
Universal truth or fact  They play football every Friday.
 Reena and her family watch
Future actions
television at night.
Give an order, an instruction or a warning
 Mr. Chandran is a generous man.
 They are hardworking teachers.
 The boys live in Temangan.
 I work in Kelantan.
 Sugar is sweet.
 The sun rises in the east.
 You taste food with your tongue.
 Frogs live in water and on land.
 We go to Langkawi next week.
 The students begin house practice

next month.
 He leaves for Kota Bharu tomorrow.
 Please take off your shoes.
 Watch out for the fierce dog.
 Go straight and you can see the post

office on your left.
 Hand in your essay tomorrow.

PRACTICE 1 : MIX AND MATCH…… (a) Make a left-turn here.
Match correctly.

1.

2. (b) Put on your seat belt.

3. (c) Make a U-turn here.

4. (d) Be careful! Wet floor.

5. (e) Drive slowly on this windy road.

PRACTICE 2: SEEK AND HIDE….

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.

1. He ________ (drive) to work every day.
2. I _______ (wash) my face with soap.
3. They _______ (feed) the chicken with corns.
4. The tiger _______ (eat) meat.
5. Laila ________ (help) Madam Teo to carry the books to the staff room.

6. We _______ (be) good friends.
7. My cousin _________ (enjoy) swimming.
8. The sun _________ (be) hot.
9. It _________ (rain) here for the past three days.
10. My twin sister _________ (drink) milk every night.
11. Nur Amina _________ (love) Adam very much.
12. Sarah _________ (like) cheese cake.
13. Fauzan ________ (be) not like soursop.
14. Siti Sarah _______ (be) curly hair.
15. (Take) _______out your exercise book.
16. Birds _______ (eat) worms.
17. Those mango trees _________ (grow) from seeds.
18. The pupils _________ (go) to the canteen to buy some food.
19. (Do) _________ he finish his homework?
20. Elephants ___________ (trumpet).

B. Complete the dialogue below with the words in the box.

take draw look see has
tell think looks

Mrs Koh : _________ at the clouds, children.
_________ me what you see.
Siew Choo : I _________ a man with a beard.
Rosma : That _______ like a dragon. It ________ a long tail.
Kishen : I ________ that‟s a lion.
Mrs. Koh : ________ out your sketch books and colour pencils. Then,
________ what you see.

C. Complete the story below.

goes cleans makes walks takes
gets finds treats cuts ties

Nasir ________ rattan baskets for sale. He ________ the rattan from
the nearby jungle. Every morning, after breakfast, he __________ into the jungle. He
_________ deep into the thick jungle to look for rattan. When he __________ it, he
_________ it with knife. Then, he _________ it and ___________ it home. First, he
_________ the rattan. Then, he __________ it before he can use it to make the baskets.

D. Underline the correct verbs below.

Lalitha is my best friend. Everyone (like, likes) her. She always (helps, help) people.

Even, the teachers at school (love, loves) her. She (walk, walks) to school as her house is near the
school. She (wakes, wake) up early in the morning. She always (eat, eats) her breakfast before she
(go, goes) to school. At one o’clock, she (start, starts) walking home with her friends. When she
(reach, reaches) home, she rests for a while. At 4.00 p.m., she (do, does) her homework. After that,
she (plays, play) with her friends. They (play, plays) netball together at the court. At night, after
dinner, she (watch, watches) television. Before she (go, goes) to bed, she (reads, read) books.

PRACTICE 3 : NOW YOU SEE, NOW YOU DON’T……
Spot ONE mistake. Circle the mistake and rewrite each sentence.

1. I likes to drink a glass of milk every morning.
______________________________________________________________.

2. Daniel come to my house to make revision.
______________________________________________________________.

3. Lions lives in the jungle.
______________________________________________________________.

4. The star shine brightly in the sky.
______________________________________________________________.

5. Reads the passage, Rossa.
______________________________________________________________.

6. Mr Yang often exercise in the park.
______________________________________________________________.

7. My parents loves coffee.
______________________________________________________________.

8. Oranges is sweet.
______________________________________________________________.

9. The principal meet the teachers once a week.
______________________________________________________________.

10. The baker bake delicious chicken pie.
______________________________________________________________.

GUIDELINES:

 This topic is easy to master. However, some students find that it is tough
to master especially past tense of the irregular verbs.

 To help them out, teacher can help them out by testing them on the past
form of the verbs each time during English Language lesson.

 Five verbs can be tasted for each lesson. Besides, the students need to

spell the past tense verbs correctly.
 Therefore, teacher and students need to cooperate to make it a success.
 It would take some time for the weaker students.
 Remember, practice makes perfect.
 Dictionary should be with them all the time. It would help them out to

search for the difficult meaning. It will come in handy, if they need it.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 It is used to show actions that happened in the past.

• I met her COMPLETED • She cried a
yesterday. ACTIVITIES lot when she
was a baby.
• She went to • He ate at the
Johor last canteen. • She brushed
week. her teeth
• I finished before she
PAST ACTION my went to bed.
THAT HAPPENED homework.
PAST
AT DEFINITE HABITUAL
TIME ACTIONS

Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs

Add ‘–ed’ for past verbs. Change the spelling of the past verbs.

Present Past Present Past
Act Acted Become Became
Add Added Bite Bit
Allow Allowed Blow Blew
Answer Answered Break Broke
Attend Attended Bring Brought
Bake Baked Buy Bought
Belong Belonged Catch Caught
Borrow Borrowed Choose Chose
Call Called Come Came
Dry Dried Do Did
Drop Dropped Draw Drew
Enjoy Enjoyed Drink Drank
Enter Entered Drive Drove
Fail Failed Eat Ate

Fasten Fastened Fall Fell
Fill Filled Feed Fed
Fry Fried Feel Felt
Gather Gathered Fly Flew
Greet Greeted Find Found
Guide Guided Get Got
Happen Happened Give Gave
Help Helped Go Went
Imagine Imagined Grow Grew
Instruct Instructed Hang Hung
Invite Invited Hide Hid
Jog Jogged Hold Held
Join Joined Keep Kept
Jump Jumped Know Knew
Kick Kicked Lay Laid
Kill Killed Lead Led
Knock Knocked Leave Left
Laugh Laughed Lose Lost
Learn Learned Make Made
Look Looked Meet Met
Marry Married Mistake Mistook
Miss Missed Pay Paid
Notice Noticed Ring Rang
Obey Obeyed Rise Rose
Obtain Obtained Run Ran
Paint Painted Say Said
Pass Passed See Saw
Pick Picked Sell Sold
Play Played Shoot Shot
Pour Poured Sing Sang
Pray Prayed Sink Sank
Push Pushed Sleep Slept
Queue Queued Steal Stole
Reach Reached Swim Swam
Receive Received Take Took
Remember Remembered Teach Taught
Return Returned Tear Tore
Save Saved Tell Told
Scold Scolded Think Thought
Scream Screamed Throw Threw
Smile Smiled Wake Woke
Succeed Succeeded Wear Wore
Switch Switched Win Won
Talk Talked Write Wrote
Taste Tasted
Tie Tied
Use Used
Visit Visited
Wait Waited
Walk Walked

Want Wanted
Welcome Welcomed
Whisper Whispered
Wish Wished
Work Worked
Worry Worried
Yell Yelled

Unchanged verbs in the past form.

Present Past

Beat Beat
Cast Cast
Cost Cost
Cut Cut
Hit Hit
Input Input
Hurt Hurt
Let Let
Output Output
Put Put
Read Read
Quit Quit
Thrust Thrust
Upset Upset

Grammar in Story

Last week, my family and I visited Bird Farm. It was an enjoyable trip. The farm
was interesting because we saw many kinds of birds. There were lots of hornbills, canaries
and all kinds of butterflies too. I enjoyed watching some reptiles too. It was a great day. I
hoped, I could be there again.

PRACTICE 1: HAVE FUN!

Give the past tense form of these words.

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE
Look Beat
Wash Plant
Clean Is
Play Wrap
Clap Take
Carry Keep
Say Sleep
Borrow Catch
Hop Push
Climb Dance
Cut Carry
Have Pull
Forget Go
Run Open

PRACTICE 2: OPEN YOUR EYES!

Simple Past Tense – „was‟ and „were‟.
A. Fill in the blank with „was‟ or „were‟.

1. Upin and Ipin _______ in the classroom just now.
2. I _______ at home last night.
3. They ________ at the hospital few hours ago.
4. _________ Madam Khoo at school?
5. Haikal and Malik _________ at the beach last week.
6. Who ________ that beautiful lady?
7. The boy ________ my cousin.
8. The children _________ playing at the playground.
9. It _______ hot yesterday.
10. The teachers _________ in the meeting an hour ago.

B. Fill in each blank with the simple past tense of the verb in the brackets.

1. She ________ the letter early this morning. (write)
2. He ________ into the river to save the little boy. (jump)
3. Marie _______ a big present from Patrick on her birthday. (receive)
4. The baby ________ on the floor. (crawl)
5. My youngest brother ________ the ball hard. (kick)
6. Mother _________ the roses yesterday. (water)
7. We ________ in the hotel when we were in Thailand. (stay)
8. Tomok ________ very well at the concert last month. (sing)
9. Pak Mat and Pak Mail __________ in the jungle for three days. (hunted)
10. The little girl _________ around the park. (cycled)

PRACTICE 3: TRY, TRY AND TRY......

A. Complete the story below with the given words.

Yesterday evening, Alex ___________ to the field with his friends not far from his house.
He _________ not lock the front door. When his mother __________ home, she __________
the front door open. She _________ into the house. She ____________ . The living room was
empty. Just then, Alex __________ into the house. His mother __________ him about their
things. He ________ his mother that he __________ to lock the door. Alex’s mother asked him
to go to Mrs. Gan’s house to call the police station. Alex _______ very sad. It was his fault. He
quickly ________ to Mrs. Gan’s house.

went came ran asked

found told walked
forgot

rushed was screamed did

B. Look at Cecelia Koh‟s background. Complete the following sentences with the Past
Tense verbs.

Name : Cecelia Koh
Place of birth : Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Date of birth : 18 September 1974
Education :

 1980 – Fatima Kindergarten
 1981 - 1983 – Sultan Ismail 1 Primary School

 1984 – 1986 – Sultan Ismail 3 Primary School
 1987 – 1993 – Zainab Secondary School

 1994 – 1999 – National University of Malaysia
Work :

 1999 – 2000 – Triang Secondary School, Pahang.
 2001 – 2006 - Sultan Yahya Petra 2 Secondary

School
Marital Status: Married since 11 September 1999

1. Cecelia ________ born in Kota Bharu. married
2. She ________ born on 18 September 1974. was
3. She ________ at Zainab Secondary School.
4. She ________ to university in 1994. studied
5. She ________ at Triang Secondary School in 1999. was
6. She ________ in September 1999. went

worked

PRACTICE 4 : RIGHT OR WRONG????

There is ONE mistake in these sentences. Underline the mistake and rewrite the sentence
correctly.

1. Siti Haliza walk home yesterday evening.
____________________________________________________________________.

2. I am sick a week ago.
____________________________________________________________________.

3. Rafik and his friends come to my house at 9.00 last night.
____________________________________________________________________.

4. She sells vegetables yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________.

5. We closed the door when we go out just now.
____________________________________________________________________.

6. Tizz throw away all her clothes few hours ago.
____________________________________________________________________.

7. The farmer plants cucumbers last month.
____________________________________________________________________.

8. The girls play netball this morning.
____________________________________________________________________.

9. Last Friday morning, Arash has a picnic at the waterfalls.
____________________________________________________________________.

10. She goes to Kapas Island last holidays.
____________________________________________________________________.

PRACTICE 5 : CAN YOU??

The words underlined were incorrect. Correct the words in the space provided.

1. Encik Azmi dorve all the way to Perlis yesterday. ( )

2. Linda fetl very dizzy after taking panadol just now. ( )

3. The students collcteed rubbish around the school the whole morning. ( )
)
4. The thives koot all her money. ( )

5. The ladies weer listening to the music. ( )

6. He treid to pluck the mangoes on the tree. ( )

7. My sister, Kamila prapered chicken curry for dinner last night. (

8. I worte a letter to my brother in India. ( )

9. Miss Basirah saw angry at her student just now. ( )

10. Mr. Ramesh tuahgt us English Language last year. ( )