1 Information & Communication Technology ICT MODULE 8 Student Study Aid Lesson 1
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Lesson Plan 3 Session 1 – Prelude to Computers vs. ICT Discussion Points: • What is ICT? • Components to AutoComputing Systems • Computers vs. User Interface • Computers vs. User Interface Illustrated • Essential Internal Hardware Driving Components • Essential Internal Software Driving Components • Essential Internal or External Netware Components • What are “Drivers” for Netware Components
Lesson Plan 4 Session 2 – Overview of Computers and IT Discussion Points: • Binary Code for Number (numeric) Bases and Word (alpha) Bases • What is Computer Jargon? • Glossary of Computer Jargon • Internet Basics • Advantages of the Internet • Disadvantages of the Internet • Viruses (computer virus) Defined • Viruses – How can they enter? • Read and Scan before Installing! • Anti-virus Protection
Lesson Plan 5 Session 3 – Personal Computer (PC) User Operations Discussion Points: • Security – PC & Personal Security • Computer Start-up • Security 1 – User Log-in Name & Password • Windows • Installing Programmes / Uninstalling Programs (Control Panel or Alternatives) • Updates • Errors (Slow Performance or Hanging / Programme not Responding) • Systems Checks / Diagnostics • Optimising Performance (Disc Clean-up / Disc Defrag) • Restart • Security 2 – Logging Off / Shut down
Before we start…ASK yourself 6 • What is the difference between Computers and Smart Devices? • What is “Virtuosity”? • What are the bridging components enabling all computing and communicating devices to “talk” to each other (Windows or Android)? • Is AI a danger to humans?
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How did you do? 8 Q: What is the difference between Computers and Smart Devices? A: Both can connect to the Internet as both use an IP address, both have a storage facility and both can connect to or interface with other devices. The only difference now is software and memory capacity. Q: What is “Virtuosity”? A: A person interested in the pursuit of knowledge in some specialized field, especially in the arts and sciences.
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How did you do? (Continued) 10 Q: What are the bridging components enabling all computing and communicating devices to “talk” to each other (Windows or Android)? A: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interconnected digital devices, machines, objects, animals or people provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transmit and share data over the network without the need of human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. So what is “Android” then? Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
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How did you do? (Continued) 12 Q: Is AI a danger to humans? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H15uuDMqDK0
LESSON 1 13 Basic Introduction to ICT & Computers
Session 1 Basic Introduction to ICT & Computers 14 Discussion Points: • What is ICT? • Components to Auto-Computing Systems • Computers vs. User Interface • Computers vs. User Interface Illustrated • Essential Internal Hardware Driving Components • Essential Internal Software Driving Components • Essential Internal or External Netware Components • What are “Drivers” for Netware Components
What is ICT? 15 ICT consists of 2 components: 1. Information and Communication Technology 2. Information, Communication AND Technology So which component is the correct term for BUSINESS ICT? Component No. 2 is best descriptive due to the following: 1. ICT deals with information data either in paper OR electronic form 2. It addresses communication between people and communication devices 3. It describes communication devices as IT (information technology), which includes hardware, electronics and software 4. It covers communication technology such as the IT part enhanced by communication protocols
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Components to Auto-Computing Systems 17 Component 1 Hardware + Component 2 Software = Auto-computing Systems 1. Hardware: Hardware includes the computer with all its internal units and its external units, plus net-ware (built-in radios, network cards and plug-in points), ALL CONTRIBUTING to a singular automated function of the computer (Servers, PCs, Smartphones & Tablets). 2. Software: Software includes the “drivers” and programs that enables the User to interact with the computer and other network computers (servers and the, like) A computer is useless without software and software cannot exist without hardware. Also, today with ICT, the software determines the “power” of the hardware!
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Computers vs. User Interface 19 Computers vs. User interface are broadly based on the following 4 components: 1. Standalone: PC & User Interface only 2. Local Area Network (LAN): Closed workplace network + PC & User Interface, Users require a workplace password to access the workplace server only. 3. Public Network Application (PNA): Public network + PC & User Interface. Users can accesses the internet via an internet account. 4. Broad-band Network Application (BBNA): Public network + workplace network + PC & User interface. Users requires an internet account, but can also access the employer’s closed network (server) by means of a workplace password. Refer to the section covering “Computer Jargon” more specific details (terms) covering the above.
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Computers vs. User Interface Illustrated 21 1. PC + User 2. LAN + PC + User 3. PNA + PC + User 4. PNA + LAN + PC + User PC Software USER PC USER Closed Network Server Network Cable Software PC USER Public Network (Internet) Router / Modem Software PC USER Public Network (Internet) Router / Modem Software Closed Network Server Network Cable
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Essential Internal Hardware Driving Components 23 Computing Unit Comprising of: • Power-supply, • Motherboard with ROM Chip (Read-only Memory), Radios & Plug-in Points (USBs) • CPU (Central Processing Unit) and RAM (direct memory) Card (or DDR) • HDD or SSD (extended memory drivers) • Printing Card • Keyboard • Network Cards • Mouse (if not integrated, i.e.. laptop or smart device touch screen) • Monitor (if not integrated, i.e.. laptop or smart device) • Printer
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Essential Internal Software Driving Components 25 Hardware Drivers and Software for User-PC interphase: • BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) • DOS (Data Operating System), i.e.. Microsoft DOS (MSDOS) • PC Operating Programme, i.e.. Windows • Hardware Drivers, i.e. Radios, Video, Audio, Printers & Network • User Programmes, i.e. Microsoft Office • Antivirus & Spyware, i.e. Norton Antivirus, AVG Antivirus (free or full pay option) • Service Provider Licences & Accounts, i.e.. Microsoft, Google, etc.
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Essential Internal or External Netware Components 27 Unlike with Laptops or Smart Devices, Network Cards are NOT always included with a desktop computer, unless a full package deal has been agreed upon. Most of the time the computer processing unit is a very basic computing unit comprising of the basic computing units and drivers. Additional Netware hardware and their drivers must be purchased and installed separately (most PCs have built-in slots for these units or cards), these are: • Network Interface Card (desktop PCs): Network interface cards are used to connect each computer to the network so they can communicate with the network router to receive information packets. • Network Bridge: A network bridge divides traffic on a local area network by separating the LAN into several different segments. • Network Router (or Switch): A network router is a hardware device that is connected to multiple channels for different networks through an interface that is situated on each network.
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What are “Drivers” for Netware Components 29 Aka device driver, these are small programs or files that act as interpreters for specific devices between Windows and the PC. These devices include, but are not limited to: • PC Processing Units • Video or Graphic & Sound Cards • Keyboard, Mouse & Monitor Adaptors • Disk Drivers (for internal & external) • Software Components and Devices • Printer & Imaging Cards + Print Ques • Universal Serial Bus Controllers (Plug-ins) • Bluetooth (Radio) & Network Cards
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ERROR CODE: :/ID + /10 + /T 31 Worker phones IT helpline at work: “My PC won’t start up, what must I do?” IT guy: “Hold start button down for 10 seconds, that will reset Windows” Worker: “Nope, still nothing! Screen still blank!” IT guy: “Check power supply, perhaps power cable came lose” Worker, after about 40 seconds: “Nope, all checks out. Everything is plugged in. Maybe I need a new computer.” IT guy: “Tell me, do you have load-shedding right now?” Worker: “Yip, started about 10 minutes ago!” It guy: “OK, phone me when power is back on, but write this on your report; Error Code, ID 10 T!, thanks!” Worker writes down…IT Report, Error Code: ID10T ???
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Session 2 Overview of Computers and IT 33 Discussion Points: • Binary Code for Number (numeric) Bases and Word (alpha) Bases • What is Computer Jargon? • Glossary of Computer Jargon • Internet Basics • Advantages of the Internet • Disadvantages of the Internet • Viruses (computer virus) Defined • Viruses – How can they enter? • Read and Scan before Installing! • Anti-virus Protection
Binary Code for NUMBER bases 34 • Binary is a base-2 number system invented by Gottfried Leibniz that's made up of only two numbers or digits, a 0 (zero) and a 1 (one), I.e. converting numbers o binary, and binary to numbers (i.e.. 75 and 10001110) • is numbering system is the basis for all binary code, which is used to write digital data for the everyday use within computer, CD / DVD Players or smart devices’ computer instruction / program systems. Binary Code Explained Video (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsxT4FfRBaM Base 2 → 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 # Biggest # into 75 & subtract for next # 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 = 75 Add Up 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 = 142
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Binary Code for WORD bases 36 By using the UTF-8 binary code, write your name: Mine is Rialgo Write your name in binary number by scienceFRIDAY: https://www.sciencefriday.com/educational-resources/write-your-name-in-binary-code/
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What is Computer Jargon? 38 • Computer jargon is a specific language used to best describe items related to ICT and IT. • These include (a) hardware names for specific computer related items, and (b) it also relates to software names, application (apps), functions and definitions to describe certain software applications or functions. • However, computer jargon can become quite technical, hence not always understood by many novices, yet it is a “fluent’ technical language for professional IT personnel. Let’s have a look at some basic computer jargon…
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Glossary of Computer Jargon 40 Computer Jargon – HARDWARE Definition Computer An automatic data processing machine consisting of various components that interact to a single function. I.e. external computer processor, keyboard, monitor / screen, mouse & printer / combi-printer Laptop An automatic data processing machine consisting of an integrated internal processor, screen / monitor, keyboard, mouse (pointing device) HDD (HD) Hard Disc Drive (hard drive) is a secondary data storage device contained in an airtight casing with spinning platters (magnetic discs), where data is transcribed onto the platters via a magnetic head SSD (SD) Solid State Drive (solid drive or flash drive) secondary data storage device, but is has no moving parts. They are faster than HDDs, offer higher reliability and lower power consumption. RAM (DRAM) Random-access memory, is the main memory (primary memory or system memory), that allows for data to be stored & retrieved on a computer. It requires power to store data, hence once the computer is turned off, it looses the data. The speed is usually indicated as 2 or 4 GB DDR memory.
Glossary of Computer Jargon 41 Computer Jargon – HARDWARE Definition Mother Board It is a printed circuit board and foundation of the computer. It is the biggest board in a computer chassis, it allocates power and allows communication to and between the CPU, RAM, and all other computer hardware components CPU Central Processing Unit handles or transfer all the instructions between the hardware and software. CPUs come in different guises and speeds, depending on the manufacturer and hardware manufacturer’s preference (i.e.. Intel® Core™ i5-5200U). Speeds ranges between 299 792 458 m/s (near the speed of light, 75 to 90%) Modem Broadband Modem is a device that connects a computer or router either by cable or WIFI to a broadband network, i.e.. internet. WIFI WIFI (WiFi) is not and abbreviation or acronym. It merely refers to a wireless connection to a network by means of a router. Ethernet Ethernet is a fast and reliable network solution that is still widely used today. It requires an Ethernet adapter (controller or network card) with network drivers, to connect a desktop computer to a network (LAN).
Glossary of Computer Jargon 42 Computer Jargon – HARDWARE Definition LAN Local Area Network has networking equipment or computers in close proximity to each other, capable of communicating, sharing resources and information. I.e. most home and business networks are on a LAN. WAN Wide Area Network is a collection of computers and devices connected by a communications network over a wide geographic area. They are commonly connected either through the Internet or special arrangements made with phone companies or other service providers. SMART (S.M.A.R.T.) Device Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology: • In SOFTWARE, it is an ability of a program to function with little or no human interaction • In HARDWARE, smart describes any hardware device with more than basic abilities, i.e. internet connection • SMART Device, contains both the above functions, but limited to the coded programme built into the device by the firmware of the device, hence why some are “smarter” than others.
Glossary of Computer Jargon 43 Computer Jargon – SOFTWARE Definition DOS Data Operating System, is coded instructional software enabling the user to interact with a computer. Programme(s) A computer program is the writing of instructions, statements, or commands that instruct the computer how to process data. There are several programming languages used to program a computer. App (app) Application, is the same thing as a programme, but uses icons (pictures) containing a coded instruction to open the programme. Programme Command Codes These are file extensions to tell the programme what software it relates to in order to open a file. An EXE file extension refers to an execution file to instruct the programme to install or uninstall the programme. EXEs are generally files located within a programme folder with automated execution commands (if allowed by your PC) to pop up when loading new programmes. MS Office • Excel = Workbook containing 1 or more worksheets • Word = Word processing programme • Power-Point = Presentation Programme • Outlook = Email programme
Glossary of Computer Jargon 44 Computer Jargon – INTERNET & APPS Definition WWW (web) World Wide Web is a graphical interface for the Internet that was first introduced to the public on August 6, 1991, by Tim Berners-Lee. A few days later on August 23, 1991, it was available to everyone. Internet The Internet is what connects your computer on the WWW with other computers, by means of an internet browser. i.e.. Google or MS Edge. Internet Browser Search engine to allow you to search or browse on the WWW Internet. E-mail Electronic mail sent via networks by an Internet Service Provider. The first email was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 across a network to other users. IP Address (IP/TCP) is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. It specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed, and received by networked devices. An IP address is a number identifying a computer or another device on the Internet. Ping (PING) Ping is a utility that's used to verify whether or not a network data packet can reach an address without errors. The ping utility is commonly used to check for network errors.
Glossary of Computer Jargon 45 Computer Jargon – INTERNET & APPS Definition Http (HTTP) Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a set of standards that allow users of the World Wide Web to exchange information found on web pages. I.e. entering http:// in front of the address tells the browser to communicate over HTTP. URL Uniform Resource Locator)is a form of URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) and standardized naming convention for addressing documents accessible over the Internet and Intranet. The URL makes it possible for a computer to locate and open a web page on a different computer on the Internet. URI Uniform Resource Identifier is defined in RFC 1630 (Request for Comments) as a reference to addresses, names, or objects that apply to registered protocols or name spaces on the Internet. For example, URL and URN are forms of Uniform Resource Identifiers. URN Uniform Resource Name, URN is defined in RFC 1737 (Request for Comments) as a resource or unit of information.
Glossary of Computer Jargon 46 Computer Jargon – INTERNET & APPS Definition URC Uniform Resource Characteristics is metadata about a resource that can be understood and parsed by a human and a machine. I.e. a URC could be used as a step in resolving a URN address and determining the best location to retrieve the resource. Metadata Metadata is any data that describes other data by searching keywords describing a web page or tags for a blog entry. I.e. “metadata, meta, data, computer, dictionary, jargon, term, glossary, define, about" are all keywords that describe a page and alone these words are meaningless; however, all these words strung together give a basic understanding of a page without having to read everything on the page. Intranet Aka internal website, is a private network for a corporation or organization that only people with permission can access. A computer residing on an intranet is often using IP addresses in the reserved address space, meaning that computer cannot be accessed outside of the local network unless given permission through the Internet.
Glossary of Computer Jargon 47 Computer Jargon – INTERNET & APPS Definition HTML & Hyperlinks Hypertext Mark-up Language is used to create electronic documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web. Each page contains a series of connections to other pages called hyperlinks. Every web page you see was written using one version of HTML. HTML code ensures the proper formatting of text and images for your Internet browser. Without HTML, a browser would not know how to display text as elements or load images or other elements. Hyperlink A hyperlink is an icon, graphic, or text that links to another file or object. The World Wide Web is comprised of hyperlinks linking trillions of pages and files to one another. On a computer you can identify a hyperlink even if it's not underlined by hovering your mouse pointer over the text. A browser changes the pointer from an arrow to a finger to indicate it can be opened. Firewall It is a software utility or hardware device that acts as a filter for data entering or leaving a network or computer. A firewall works by blocking or restricting network ports. Firewalls are commonly used to help prevent unauthorized access to both company and home networks.
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Glossary of Computer Jargon 49 SI decimal prefixes Binary usage IEC binary prefixes Name (Symbol) Value Name (Symbol) Value kilobyte (kB) 103 2 10 kibibyte (KiB) 2 10 megabyte (MB) 106 2 20 mebibyte (MiB) 2 20 gigabyte (GB) 109 2 30 gibibyte (GiB) 2 30 terabyte (TB) 1012 2 40 tebibyte (TiB) 2 40 petabyte (PB) 1015 2 50 pebibyte (PiB) 2 50 exabyte (EB) 1018 2 60 exbibyte (EiB) 2 60 zettabyte (ZB) 1021 2 70 zebibyte (ZiB) 2 70 yottabyte (YB) 1024 2 80 yobibyte (YiB) 2 80 Links: Multiples of bytes + Multiples of bits · Orders of magnitude of data
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