GMLS DG Skill Presentation 2022 - Class 2

Excepted Quantities

• Very small quantities of dangerous goods may be
transported in such a manner that they may be
excepted from the marking, labelling and
documentation requirements. This is known as
“Dangerous goods in Excepted Quantities” and is only
applicable to goods acceptable on passenger aircraft.

• NB!! The Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods
(DGD) in not required.

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Excepted Quantities

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Excepted Quantities

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Limited Quantities

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Limited Quantities

The regulations also allow for “Dangerous Goods in Limited
quantities”. This means is that some forms of dangerous goods may
be packed in simpler, though good quality, packages if the quantity
is less than a given amount. The list is fairly detailed and is
therefore not included here. These goods still need to be marked,
labelled and documented as dangerous goods.

NB!! Does not have the be in UN approved packaging!

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Limited Quantities

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Multiple hazards

• There are many items of dangerous goods that have
subsidiary risks – meaning that there is more than one
hazard associated with them. A primary hazard is
allocated with the significant additional hazards
identified as subsidiary risks.

• When faced with 2 hazards, there is a table from the IATA
DGR that has been based on the Un Precedence of
Hazards Table. The columns and rows are used to
identify which of the hazards will be the primary and the
secondary, and even if they are compatible at all

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Multiple hazards

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Multiple hazards

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Segregation of Dangerous Goods

• Incompatible goods must be segregated from one another
during storage and transport. For the purposes of segregation,
two substances or articles are considered mutually
incompatible when their stowing together may result in undue
hazards in the case of leakage, spillage, or any other accident.

• Radioactive materials (class 7) and explosives (class 1) should
be deemed incompatible with all other dangerous goods.

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Segregation

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The need for special treatment

• Laws and regulations on use & handling of hazardous materials
may differ depending on activity & status of material

• Persons who handle Dangerous Goods must wear protective
equipment

• Persons coming into contact with Dangerous Goods often
subject to monitoring or health surveillance

• companies must comply with Dangerous Goods regulations:
• protecting people’s lives and property
• accidents can cost hundreds of thousands, if not millions
• Some Dangerous Goods cannot be stored together

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The need for special treatment

• Accident:

In terms of the handling,
storage and/ or transport of
dangerous goods, an accident
is defined as an occurrence
which results in:

• fatal or serious injury to a
person; or

• major damage to property
or the environment

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The need for special treatment

Incident:

Any occurrence relating to the handling, storage and/ or transport of
dangerous goods which seriously jeopardises a person, property or the
environment is also deemed to be a dangerous goods incident.
• injury to a person;

• damage to property of the environment;

• fire;

• breakage;

• spillage;

• leakage of fluid or radiation; or

• Other evidence that the integrity of the packaging has not been
maintained.

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How Dangerous Cargo is distinguished from
General Cargo

• Every dangerous substance has a 4 letter UN number
• Every dangerous substance has a proper shipping name
• Every dangerous substance has a class
• Certain Dangerous Goods are assigned packaging groups (PG),

depending on level of danger

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Hidden Dangerous goods

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Hidden Dangerous goods

Aircraft Spare Parts/Aircraft Equipment
May contain explosives (flares or other pyrotechnics), chemical oxygen generators,
unserviceable tyre assemblies, cylinders of compressed gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen or fire extinguishers), paint, adhesives, aerosols, life-saving appliances, first
aid kits, fuel in equipment, wet or lithium batteries, matches, etc.
Breathing Apparatus
May indicate cylinders of compressed air or oxygen, chemical oxygen generators or
refrigerated liquefied oxygen.
Camping Equipment
May contain flammable gases (butane, propane, etc.), flammable liquids (kerosene,
gasoline, etc.), flammable solids (hexamine, matches, etc.) or other dangerous
goods.
Unaccompanied Passengers Baggage/ Personal Effects
May contain items meeting any of the criteria for dangerous goods, such as
fireworks, flammable household liquids, corrosive oven or drain cleaners, flammable
gas or liquid lighter refills or camping stove cylinders, matches, bleach, aerosols, etc.
Vaccines
May be packed in Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice).
http://www.hazmatlogistics.co.uk/hidden_dangerous_goods.html

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The consequences of treating Dangerous Goods
as general cargo are explained

• Value Jet flight 592 – 1996 – 110 dead (O2 generator)
• MSC Flaminia – 2012 – 3 dead, crew had to abandon ship
• Tianjin (China) warehouse explosion – 173 people dead (104

FF)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbZYuarPipE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoLDsszp9ZU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2Y-rk_nqDA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=993wlZ6XFSs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNDhIGR-83w

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The consequences of treating Dangerous Goods
as general cargo are explained

Beirut Port explosion. 2020 – 215 deaths – 750 injured – 300 000
people homeless

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Example from the IATA DGR book

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Hazardous Substance Class Definitions

Class 1 – Explosives
Class 2 – Gases; compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure
Class 3 – Flammable liquids
Class 4 – Flammable solids; Substances liable to spontaneous

Class 5 combustion; Substances which, in contact with water, emit
Class 6 flammable gases
Class 7 – Oxidizing substances (agents) and organic peroxides
Class 8 – Toxic and infectious substances
Class 9 – Radioactive materials
– Corrosives
– Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles Non-
classified materials

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Documents needed for a DG Airfreight shipment

Each shipment prepared for transport has an accompanying set of documents. The following are the main
documents that one can expect for each shipment:

• Transport document / Contract for Carriage: For airfreight this is an AWB (Air waybill), for sea freight this is a BOL (Bill of
Lading)

• Commercial invoice: This shows the price paid or payable for the goods. This document should have as much detail as
possible about the transaction, such as indicating the applicable Incoterms® rule.

• Packing list: This document will specify how the goods have been packed, showing the number of pieces, weight and
dimensions.

• Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD): This is only for shipments containing dangerous goods (other than Excepted Quantity
shipments, where a DGR is not required)

• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): This document notes all the product safety information on the potential hazards and
how to work safely with the product or article. This may be requested by the airline, and will certainly be needed by the DG
packing company.

There are other documents such as Certificates of Origin (CoO) and other permits required for Statutory
Obligations, however, these will not be covered at this time.

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The Air Waybill

When shipping dangerous goods by air freight the fields which must be completed on the air
waybill are:
❖ handling information
❖ nature and quantity of goods

NB!! In the ‘handling information’ box the following must be inserted:

• “Dangerous goods as per associated Shipper’s declaration”, OR
“Dangerous goods as per associated DGD”, and where applicable:

• “Cargo Aircraft Only” or “CAO”

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Airwaybill extract

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Airwaybill extract

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SHIPPER’S Declaration for Dangerous Goods

As per the IATA DGR
A “Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods” must be completed by the
shipper for each consignment of dangerous goods.

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Declaration for Dangerous Goods

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Declaration for
Dangerous Goods (DGD)
Completed example
extracted from the IATA
DGR

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Airline / Operator Check lists!

• NON-RADIOACTIVE SHIPMENT
• RADIOACTIVE SHIPMENT
• DRY ICE

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Questions & Answers

For further information on this and other Training Courses offered
by GMLS, please contact us on:
Website: www.gmls.co.za
Email: [email protected]

Office Mobile: +27 82 852 3626

Tel: +27 44 813 0052
or +27 11 880 4342

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Questions & 85
Answers

For further information on this and other
Training Courses offered by GMLS, please
contact us on:-

Website: www.gmls.co.za
Email: [email protected]
Office Mobile: +27 82 852 3626

Tel: +27 44 020 0103
or +27 10 880 4342

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