E

A. Mechanics 1. C rctcejwvkuv lworu htqo c jgkijv qh 7000 ogvtg. Vjg tgncvkqpujkr dgvyggp jku hcnnkpi urggf, x cpf vjg fkuvcpeg hcnngp vjtqwij f ku dguv tgrtgugpvgf cu < ]1;;7_ (c) V d (d) V d (e) V d (f) V d 2. Yjq coqpi vjg hqnnqykpi cpvkekrcvgf Pgyvqp d{ fgenctkpi vjcv cnn vjkpiu itcxkvcvg vq vjg gctvjA ]1;;7_ (c) Ct{cdjcvvc (d) Xctcjcokjktc (e) Dwffjciwrvc (f) Dtcjociwrvc 3. C nkswkf ku hnqykpi kp c uvtgconkpgf ocppgt vjtqwij c e{nkpftkecn rkrg. Cnqpi c ugevkqp eqpvckpkpi vjg czku qh vjg rkrg, vjg hnqy rtqhkng yknn dg < ]1;;8_ (c) (d) (e) (f) 4. Vjg xctkcvkqp qh fkurncegogpv f ykvj vkog v kp vjg ecug qh c rctvkeng hcnnkpi htggn{ wpfgt itcxkv{ htqo tguv ku eqttgevn{ ujqyp kp itcrj< ]1;;8_ (c) f v (d) f v (e) f v (f) f v ×pkv - E Igpgtãn Uekgpeg & Eeqnqéû Chapter 1 Physics Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 2 Topicwise Solved Papers 7. A õkïòng ïãejkpg jgnòõ ã ògtõqp kp æqkpé: ]1;;8_ (ã) ngõõ yqtm (d) vjg õãïg ãïqwpv qh yqtm ykvj ngõõgt hqteg (e) vjg õãïg ãïqwpv qh yqtm õnqynû (æ) vjg õãïg ãïqwpv qh yqtm ïwej hãõvgt 8. Vjg vgpægpeû qh ã nkswkæ ætqò vq eqpvtãev ãpæ qeewòû ïkpkïwï ãtgã kõ æwg vq : ]1;;9_ (ã) õwthãeg vgpõkqp (d) økõeqõkvû (e) ægpõkvû (æ) øãòqwt òtgõõwtg 9. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ ã øgevqt swãpvkvû? ]1;;9_ (ã) Oqïgpvwï (d) Rtgõõwtg (e) Epgtéû (æ) Yqtm :. A éktn kõ õykpékpé qp ã õykpé kp õkvvkpé òqõkvkqp. Yjgp vjg éktn õvãpæõ wò, vjg ògtkqæ qh õykpé yknn : ]1;;9_ (ã) dg õjqtvgt (d) dg nqpégt (e) ægògpæõ qp vjg jgkéjv qh vjg éktn (æ) pqv ejãpég ;. A dqû õvãpækpé ãv vjg òqkpv Q kp vjg ékøgp ækãétãï vjtqyõ ã dãnn vjtgg vkïgõ ykvj vjg õãïg hqteg, dwv òtqìgevkpé kv ãnqpé ækhhgtgpv kpenkpãvkqpõ htqï vjg étqwpæ. Vjg tgõwnvõ qh vjg vjtqyõ jãøg dggp ònqvvgæ kp vjg ækãétãï. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ ã øãnkæ eqpenwõkqp? ]1;;9_ Jgki jv Fkuvcpeg (ã) Vjg nãtégt vjg kpkvkãn kpenkpãvkqp, vjg nqpégt vjg vjtqy (d) Vjg nãtégt vjg jgkéjv tgãejgæ, vjg nqpégt vjg vjtqy (e) Vjg nãtégt vjg jgkéjv tgãejgæ, vjg õjqtvgt vjg vjtqy (æ) Vjg nãtégt vjg kpkvkãn kpenkpãvkqp, vjg étgãvgt vjg jgkéjv tgãejgæ 10. Vjg yqtmkpé òtkpekòng qh ã yãõjkpé ïãejkpg kõ : ]1;;9_ (ã) egpvtkhwéãvkqp (d) ækãnûõkõ (e) tgøgtõg qõïqõkõ (æ) ækhhwõkqp 11. A õïqqvj ònãpg kpenkpgæ ãv ãp ãpéng S ykvj vjg jqtk|qpvãn ãõ õjqyp kp vjg ékøgp hkéwtg. A dqæû õvãtvõ htqï tgõv ãpæ õnkægõ æqyp qp vjg kpenkpgæ õwthãeg. Vjg vkïg vãmgp dû vjg dqæû vq tgãej vjg dqvvqï kõ: ]1;;9_ j q l (ã) 4h g (d) 4l g (e) 4 31 ukp h g q (æ) 4 ukp h g q 14. A dãnn kõ ætqòògæ htqï vjg vqò qh ã jkéj dwknækpé ykvj ã eqpõvãpv ãeegngtãvkqp qh 9.8 ï/õ2 . Yjãv yknn dg kvõ øgnqekvû ãhvgt 2 õgeqpæõ? ]1;;:_ (ã) 9.8 ï/õ (d) 19.6 ï/õ (e) 29.4 ï/õ (æ) 39.2 ï/õ 15. A jwpvgt ãkïõ jkõ éwp ãv ã òqkpv dgvyggp vjg gûgdtqyõ qh ã ïqpmgû õkvvkpé qp ã dtãpej qh ã vtgg. Lwõv ãõ jg hktgõ, vjg ïqpmgû ìwïòõ æqyp. Vjg dwnngv yknn : ]1;;;_ (ã) jkv vjg ïqpmgû ãv vjg òqkpv ãkïgæ (d) jkv vjg ïqpmgû dgnqy vjg òqkpv ãkïgæ (e) jkv vjg ïqpmgû ãdqøg vjg òqkpv ãkïgæ (æ) ïkõõ vjg ïqpmgû ãnvqégvjgt 16. Èqt yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ eãòknnãtkvû pqv vjg tgãõqp? ]1;;;_ (ã) Bnqvvkpé qh kpm (d) Ôkõkpé qh wpægtétqwpæ yãvgt (e) Uòtgãæ ã yãvgt ætqò qp ã eqvvqp enqvj (æ) Ôkõkpé qh yãvgt htqï vjg tqqvõ qh ã ònãpv vq kvõ hqnkãég 17. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé hgãvwtgõ qh pgygt ïqægnõ qh ïqvqt eãtõ: ]4000_ 1. Ôãækãn vûtgõ 2. Uvtgãïnkpgæ dqæû 3. Ownvkòqkpv hwgn kpìgevkqp 4. Cãvãnûvke eqpøgtvgt ykvj gzjãwõv Yjkej qh vjgõg hgãvwtgõ ïãmg vjg pgy ïqægnõ qh ïqvqt eãtõ ïqtg hwgn ghhkekgpv? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 2 ãpæ 3 (e) 2, 3 ãpæ 4 (æ) 1, 3 ãpæ 4 16. Assertion (A) :"C"ocp"uvcpfkpi"qp"c"eqorngvgn{"htkevkqpnguu uwthceg"ecp"rtqrgn"jkougnh"d{"yjkuvnkpi0 Reason (R) :"Kh"pq"gzvgtpcn"hqteg"cevu"qp"c"u{uvgo."kvu oqogpvwo"ecppqv"ejcpig0 [2000] Eqfgu< (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 19. Vjg ïãõõ qh ã dqæû qp gãtvj kõ 100 mé (ãeegngtãvkqp æwg vq étãøkvû, ig = 10 ï/õ2 . Ëh ãeegngtãvkqp æwg vq étãøkvû qp vjg ïqqp kõ ig / 6, vjgp vjg ïãõõ qh vjg dqæû qp vjg ïqqp kõ : ]4001_ (ã) 100/6 mé (d) 60 mé (e) 100 mé (æ) 600 mé Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 3 1:. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4001_ A õkïòng ògpæwnwï kõ õgv kpvq qõeknnãvkqp. Vjgp: 1. vjg ãeegngtãvkqp kõ |gtq yjgp vjg dqd òãõõgõ vjtqwéj vjg ïgãp òqõkvkqp. 2. kp gãej eûeng vjg dqd ãvvãkpõ ã ékøgp øgnqekvû vykeg. 3. dqvj ãeegngtãvkqp ãpæ øgnqekvû qh vjg dqd ãtg |gtq yjgp kv tgãejgõ kvõ gzvtgïg òqõkvkqp æwtkpé vjg qõeknnãvkqp. 4. vjg ãïònkvwæg qh qõeknnãvkqp qh vjg õkïòng ògpæwnwï ægetgãõgõ ykvj vkïg. Yjkej qh vjgõg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 3 ãpæ 4 (e) 1, 2 ãpæ 4 (æ) 2, 3 ãpæ 4 1;. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpé ækõvãpeg-vkïg étãòj (z-v) tgòtgõgpvõ qpg-ækïgpõkqpãn wpkhqtï ïqvkqp? ]4001_ (ã) t x (d) x t (e) x t (æ) x t 40. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Ykvj vjg kpetgãõg qh vgïògtãvwtg, vjg økõeqõkvû qh énûegtkpg kpetgãõgõ. ]4004_ Tgcuqp (T) < Ôkõg qh vgïògtãvwtg kpetgãõgõ mkpgvke gpgtéû qh ïqngewngõ. Eqfgu < (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 41. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Ap ktqp dãnn hnqãvõ qp ïgtewtû dwv égvõ kïïgtõgæ kp yãvgt. ]4004_ Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg õògekhke étãøkvû qh ktqp kõ ïqtg vjãp vjãv qh ïgtewtû. Eqfgu< (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 44. A õqnkæ ewdg égvõ eqïòngvgnû kïïgtõgæ kp yãvgt yjgp ã 0.2 mé ïãõõ kõ ònãegæ qp kv. Ëh vjg ïãõõ kõ tgïqøgæ, vjg ewdg kõ 2 eï ãdqøg vjg yãvgt ngøgn. Yjãv kõ vjg ngpévj qh gãej õkæg qh vjg ewdg? ]4004_ (ã) 12 eï (d) 10 eï (e) 8 eï (æ) 6 eï 45. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Vjg ygkéjv qh ã dqæû ægetgãõgõ ykvj vjg kpetgãõg qh ãnvkvwæg qp gãtvj. ]4005_ Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg gãtvj kõ pqv ã ògthgev õòjgtg. Eqfgu< (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 46. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4005_ A 4-yjggn øgjkeng ïqøkpé kp ã õjãtò ektewnãt òãvj ãv jkéj õòggæ yknn : 1. qøgtvwtp ãdqwv kvõ qwvgt yjggnõ 2. qøgtvwtp ãdqwv kvõ kppgt yjggnõ 3. õmkæ qwvyãtæõ 4. õmkæ kpyãtæõ Yjkej qh vjgõg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 3 (d) 2 ãpæ 4 (e) 2 ãpæ 3 (æ) 1 ãpæ 4 47. Ap qkn vãpmgt òãtvkãnnû hknngæ ykvj qkn ïqøgõ hqtyãtæ qp ã ngøgn tqãæ ykvj wpkhqtï ãeegngtãvkqp. Vjg htgg õwthãeg qh qkn vjgp: ]4005_ (ã) tgïãkpõ jqtk|qpvãn (d) kõ kpenkpgæ vq vjg jqtk|qpvãn ykvj õïãnngt ægòvj ãv vjg tgãt gpæ (e) kõ kpenkpgæ vq vjg jqtk|qpvãn ykvj nãtégt ægòvj ãv vjg tgãt gpæ (æ) ãõõwïgõ ã òãtãdqnke ewtøg 48. Ëh vjg tãækwõ qh vjg gãtvj ygtg vq õjtkpm dû qpg ògt egpv, kvõ ïãõõ tgïãkpkpé vjg õãïg, vjg øãnwg qh i qp vjg gãtvjĔõ õwthãeg yqwnæ: ]4005_ (ã) kpetgãõg dû 0.5% (d) kpetgãõg dû 2% (e) ægetgãõg dû 0.5% (æ) ægetgãõg dû 2% 49. A eãt kõ twppkpé qp ã tqãæ ãv ã wpkhqtï õòggæ qh 60 mï/j. Vjg pgv tgõwnvãpv hqteg qp vjg eãt kõ : ]4006_ (ã) ætkøkpé hqteg kp vjg æktgevkqp qh eãtĔõ ïqvkqp (d) tgõkõvãpeg hqteg qòòqõkvg vq vjg æktgevkqp qh eãtĔõ ïqvkqp (e) ãp kpenkpgæ hqteg (æ) gswãn vq |gtq 4:. A õòjgtkeãn dqæû ïqøgõ ykvj ã wpkhqtï ãpéwnãt øgnqekvû (y) ãtqwpæ ã ektewnãt òãvj qh tãækwõ t. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ kõ eqttgev? ]4006_ (ã) Vjg dqæû jãõ pq ãeegngtãvkqp (d) Vjg dqæû jãõ ã tãækãn ãeegngtãvkqp w2 t æktgevgæ vqyãtæ egpvtg qh òãvj *e+ Vjg dqæû jãõ ã tãækãn ãeegngtãvkqp 2/5w2 t æktgevgæ ãyãû htqï vjg egpvtg qh vjg òãvj (æ) Vjg dqæû jãõ ãp ãeegngtãvkqp w4 ""vãpégpvkãn vq kvõ òãvj Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 4 Topicwise Solved Papers 4;. A ygkéjvngõõ twddgt dãnnqqp kõ hknngæ ykvj 200 ee qh yãvgt. Ëvõ ygkéjv kp yãvgt kõ gswãn vq : ]4006_ (ã) 9.8/5 P (d) 9.8/10 P (e) 9.8/2 P (æ) |gtq 50. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ vjg eqttgev õgswgpeg qh vjg ékøgp õwdõvãpegõ kp vjg ægetgãõkpé qtægt qh vjgkt ægpõkvkgõ? ]4007_ (ã) Uvggn > Ogtewtû > Iqnæ (d) Iqnæ > Ogtewtû > Uvggn (e) Uvggn > Iqnæ > Ogtewtû (æ) Iqnæ > Uvggn > Ogtewtû 51. Yjãv kõ vjg ãòòtqzkïãvg ïgãp øgnqekvû ykvj yjkej vjg gãtvj ïqøgõ tqwpæ vjg õwp kp kvõ qtdkv? ]4008_ (ã) 20 mï/õ (d) 30 mï/õ (e) 40 mï/õ (æ) 50 mï/õ 54. Èqwt yktgõ qh õãïg ïãvgtkãn ãpæ qh ækïgpõkqpõ ãõ wpægt ãtg õvtgvejgæ dû ã nqãæ qh õãïg ïãépkvwæg õgòãtãvgnû. Yjkej qpg qh vjgï yknn dg gnqpéãvgæ ïãzkïwï? ]4009_ (ã) Yktg qh 1ï ngpévj ãpæ 2 ïï ækãïgvgt (d) Yktg qh 2 ï ngpévj ãpæ 2 ïï ækãïgvgt (e) Yktg qh 3 ï ngpévj ãpæ 1.5 ïï ækãïgvgt (æ) Yktg qh 1 ï ngpévj ãpæ 1 ïï ækãïgvgt 55. Vjtgg kægpvkeãn øgõõgnõ A, B ãpæ C ãtg hknngæ ykvj yãvgt, ïgtewtû ãpæ mgtqõgpg tgõògevkøgnû wò vq ãp gswãn jgkéjv. Vjg vjtgg øgõõgnõ ãtg òtqøkægæ ykvj kægpvkeãn vãòõ ãv vjg dqvvqï qh vjg øgõõgnõ. Ëh vjg vjtgg vãòõ ãtg qògpgæ õkïwnvãpgqwõnû, vjgp yjkej øgõõgn kõ gïòvkgæ hktõv? ]4009_ (ã) Xgõõgn B (d) Ann vjg øgõõgnõ A, B ãpæ C yknn dg gïòvkgæ õkïwnvãpgqwõnû (e) Xgõõgn A (æ) Xgõõgn C 56. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ : ]4014 - K_ Ëh vjgtg ygtg pq òjgpqïgpqp qh eãòknnãtkvû 1. kv yqwnæ dg ækhhkewnv vq wõg ã mgtqõgpg nãïò 2. qpg yqwnæ pqv dg ãdng vq wõg ã õvtãy vq eqpõwïg ã õqhv ætkpm 3. vjg dnqvvkpé òãògt yqwnæ hãkn vq hwpevkqp 4. vjg dké vtggõ vjãv yg õgg ãtqwpæ yqwnæ pqv jãøg étqyp qp vjg Eãtvj Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøgp ãdqøg ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 qpnû (d) 1, 3 ãpæ 4 qpnû (e) 2 ãpæ 4 qpnû (æ) 1, 2, 3 ãpæ 4 57. Bãnn dgãtkpéõ ãtg wõgæ kp dkeûengõ, eãtõ, gve., dgeãwõg ]4015 - K_ (ã) vjg ãevwãn ãtgã qh eqpvãev dgvyggp vjg yjggn ãpæ ãzng kõ kpetgãõgæ (d) vjg ghhgevkøg ãtgã qh eqpvãev dgvyggp vjg yjggn ãpæ ãzng kõ kpetgãõgæ (e) vjg ghhgevkøg ãtgã qh eqpvãev dgvyggp vjg yjggn ãpæ ãzng kõ tgæwegæ (æ) Pqpg qh vjg ãdqøg õvãvgïgpvõ kõ eqttgev B. Heat and Thermodynamics 58. Vjg enqwæõ hnqãv kp vjg ãvïqõòjgtg dgeãwõg qh vjgkt nqy: ]1;;7_ (ã) vgïògtãvwtg (d) øgnqekvû (e) òtgõõwtg (æ) ægpõkvû 59. Uvtkòõ qh vyq ïgvãnõ C ãpæ D ãtg hktïnû ìqkpvgæ vqégvjgt ãõ õjqyp kp vjg hkéwtg. ]1;;;_ C D Ñp jgãvkpé, C gzòãpæõ ïqtg vjãp D æqgõ. Ëh vjkõ ìqkpvgæ õvtkò kõ jgãvgæ, vjgp kv yknn ãòògãt ãõ (ã) (d) (e) (æ) 5:. Îqy vgïògtãvwtgõ (etûqégpkeõ) hkpæ ãòònkeãvkqp kp : ]1;;;_ (ã) õòãeg vtãøgn, õwtégtû ãpæ ïãépgvke ngøkvãvkqp (d) õwtégtû, ïãépgvke ngøkvãvkqp ãpæ vgngïgvtû (e) õòãeg vtãøgn, õwtégtû ãpæ vgngïgvtû (æ) õòãeg vtãøgn, ïãépgvke ngøkvãvkqp ãpæ vgngïgvtû 5;. Cuugtvkqp (C) < A òkgeg qh eqòògt ãpæ ã òkgeg qh énãõõ ãtg jgãvgæ vq vjg õãïg vgïògtãvwtg. Yjgp vqwejgæ, vjgtgãhvgt, vjg eqòògt òkgeg ãòògãtõ jqvvgt vjãp vjg énãõõ òkgeg. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg ægpõkvû qh eqòògt kõ ïqtg vjãp vjãv qh énãõõ. ]4001_ Eqfgu< (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 60. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Vjg dqknkpé òqkpv qh yãvgt ægetgãõgõ ãõ vjg ãnvkvwæg kpetgãõgõ. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg ãvïqõòjgtke òtgõõwtg kpetgãõgõ ykvj ãnvkvwæg. ]4001_ Eqfgu < (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 5 61. Yjgp yãvgt kõ jgãvgæ htqï 0²C vq n0²C. Ëvõ øqnwïg: ]4001_ (ã) kpetgãõgõ (d) ægetgãõgõ (e) æqgõ pqv ejãpég (æ) hktõv ægetgãõgõ ãpæ vjgp kpetgãõgõ 64. A jqnnqy õòjgtg qh tãækwõ T, ã jqnnqy ewdg qh õkæg T ãpæ ã vjkp ektewnãt ònãvg qh tãækwõ T, ïãæg wò qh vjg õãïg ïãvgtkãn, ãtg ãnn jgãvgæ vq 20²C ãdqøg tqqï vgïògtãvwtg. Yjgp nghv vq eqqn kp vjg tqqï, yjkej qh vjgï yknn tgãej vjg tqqï vgïògtãvwtg hktõv? ]4004_ (ã) Cktewnãt ònãvg (d) Cwdg (e) Uòjgtg (æ) Ann qh vjgï yknn tgãej vjg tqqï vgïògtãvwtg ãv vjg õãïg vkïg 65. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: . ]4005_ 1. Uvgãï ãv 100²C ãpæ dqknkpé yãvgt ãv 100²C eqpvãkp õãïg ãïqwpv qh jgãv. 2. Îãvgpv jgãv qh hwõkqp qh keg kõ gswãn vq vjg nãvgpv jgãv qh øãòqtk|ãvkqp qh yãvgt. 3. Ëp ãp ãkt-eqpækvkqpgt, jgãv kõ gzvtãevgæ htqï vjg tqqï ãkt ãv vjg gøãòqtãvqt eqknõ ãpæ kõ tgìgevgæ qwv ãv vjg eqpægpõgt eqknõ. Yjkej qh vjgõg õvãvgïgpvõ kõ/ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 2 ãpæ 3 (e) Ñpnû 2 (æ) Ñpnû 3 66. Cnqwæû pkéjvõ ãtg yãtïgt eqïòãtgæ vq engãt enqwængõõ pkéjvõ, dgeãwõg enqwæõ: ]4001_ (ã) òtgøgpv enqæ yãøgõ htqï vjg õmû htqï ægõegpækpé qp gãtvj (d) tghngev dãem vjg jgãv ékøgp qhh dû gãtvj (e) òtqæweg jgãv ãpæ tãækãvg kv vqyãtæõ gãtvj (æ) ãdõqtd jgãv htqï vjg ãvïqõòjgtg ãpæ õgpæ kv vqyãtæõ gãtvj 67. Vjg õwthãeg qh ã nãmg kõ htq|gp kp õgøgtg ykpvgt, dwv vjg yãvgt ãv kvõ dqvvqï kõ õvknn nkswkæ. Yjãv kõ vjg tgãõqp ? ]4011 - K_ (ã) Ëeg kõ ã dãæ eqpæwevqt qh jgãv. (d) Ukpeg vjg õwthãeg qh vjg nãmg kõ ãv vjg õãïg vgïògtãvwtg ãõ vjg ãkt, pq jgãv kõ nqõv. (e) Vjg ægpõkvû qh yãvgt kõ ïãzkïwï ãv 4²C. (æ) Pqpg qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ (ã), (d) ãpæ (e) ékøgp kõ eqttgev. C. Optics and Sound 68. Yjgp vjg õãïg pqvg kõ ònãûgæ qp ã õkvãt ãpæ ã hnwvg, vjg õqwpæ òtqæwegæ eãp dg ækõvkpéwkõjgæ htqï gãej qvjgt dgeãwõg qh vjg ækhhgtgpeg kp : ]1;;7_ (ã) òkvej, nqwæpgõõ ãpæ swãnkvû (d) òkvej ãpæ nqwæpgõõ (e) swãnkvû qpnû (æ) nqwæpgõõ qpnû 69. Ikøgp dgnqy ãtg vyq õvãvgïgpvõ, qpg nãdgnngæ ãõ Aõõgtvkqp (A) ãpæ qvjgt nãdgnngæ ãõ Ôgãõqp (Ô). ]1;;7_ Cuugtvkqp (C) < A ækãïqpæ õòãtmngõ ïqtg vjãp ã énãõõ kïkvãvkqp ewv vq vjg õãïg õjãòg. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg tghtãevkøg kpægz qh ækãïqpæ kõ ngõõ vjãp vjãv qh énãõõ. Ëp eqpvgzv qh vjg ãdqøg vyq õvãvgïgpvõ, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ eqttgev? (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 6:. Ñòvkeãn hkdtg yqtmõ qp vjg òtkpekòng qh : ]1;;7_ (ã) vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp (d) tghtãevkqp (e) õeãvvgtkpé (æ) kpvgthgtgpeg 6;. Uwòòqõg ã tqemgvõjkò kõ tgegækpé htqï vjg gãtvj ãv ã õòggæ qh 2/10 vj vjg øgnqekvû qh nkéjv. A nkéjv kp vjg tqemgvõjkò ãòògãtõ dnwg vq vjg òãõõgpégtõ qp vjg õjkò. Yjãv eqnqwt yqwnæ kv ãòògãt vq ãp qdõgtøgt qp vjg gãtvj? ]1;;7_ (ã) Bnwg (d) Ñtãpég (e) [gnnqy (æ) [gnnqy-qtãpég 70. Ap ãkt dwddng kp yãvgt yknn ãev nkmg ã : ]1;;7_ (ã) eqpøgz ïkttqt (d) eqpøgz ngpõ (e) eqpeãøg ïkttqt (æ) eqpeãøg ngpõ 51. Yjgp ã ïkttqt kõ tqvãvgæ dû ãp ãpéng q, vjg tghngevgæ tãû yknn tqvãvg dû : ]1;;8_ *c+ 0² *d+ q/2 *e+ q *f+ 2q 74. Vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp eãp vãmg ònãeg yjgp nkéjv vtãøgnõ htqï: ]1;;8_ (ã) ækãïqpæ vq énãõõ (d) yãvgt vq énãõõ (e) ãkt vq yãvgt (æ) ãkt vq énãõõ 75. Oãvej Îkõv Ë (Swãpvkvû) ykvj Îkõv ËË (×pkvõ) ãpæ õgngev vjg eqttgev ãpõygt wõkpé vjg eqægõ ékøgp dgnqy vjg nkõvõ: ]1;;;_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK A. Jkéj õòggæ 1. Oãej B. Yãøgngpévj 2. Apéõvtqï C. Rtgõõwtg 3. Rãõeãn D. Epgtéû 4. Lqwng Eqfgu< (ã) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 (d) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 (e) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (æ) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 76. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]1;;;_ 1. Ëh ã ògtõqp nqqmõ ãv ã eqkp yjkej kõ kp ã dwemgv qh yãvgt, vjg eqkp yknn ãòògãt vq dg enqõgt vjãp kv tgãnnû kõ. 2. Ëh ã ògtõqp wpægt yãvgt nqqmõ ãv ã eqkp ãdqøg vjg yãvgt õwthãeg, vjg eqkp yknn ãòògãt vq dg ãv ã jkéjgt ngøgn vjãp kv tgãnnû kõ. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 6 Topicwise Solved Papers Yjkej qh vjg ãdqøg õvãvgïgpvõ kõ/ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 1 ãnqpg (e) 2 ãnqpg (æ) pgkvjgt 1 pqt 2 77. A pqkõg ngøgn qh 100 ægekdgn yqwnæ eqttgõòqpæ vq: ]4000_ (ã) Lwõv ãwækdng õqwpæ (d) Ñtækpãtû eqpøgtõãvkqp (e) Uqwpæ htqï ã pqkõû õvtggv (æ) Pqkõg htqï ã ïãejkpg õjqò 78. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Ëp ã ïqvkqp òkevwtg, wõwãnnû 24 htãïgõ ãtg òtqìgevgæ gøgtû õgeqpæ qøgt vjg yjqng ngpévj qh vjg hknï. Tgcuqp (T) < Ap kïãég hqtïgæ qp vjg tgvkpã qh gûg ògtõkõvõ hqt ãdqwv 0.1 õ ãhvgt vjg tgïqøãn qh õvkïwnwõ. ]4000_ Eqfgu< (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 79. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Uïãnn énãõõ dgãæõ hkzgæ qp vtãhhke õképãnõ énqy dtkéjvnû yjgp nkéjv hãnnõ wòqp vjgï. Tgcuqp (T) < Îkéjv kõ vqvãnnû tghngevgæ yjgp vjg ãpéng qh kpekægpeg gzeggæõ ã egtvãkp etkvkeãn øãnwg ãpæ nkéjv vtãøgnnkpé kp ã ægpõgt ïgækwï kõ tghngevgæ htqï ã tãtgt ïgækwï. ]4000_ Eqfgu < (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 7:. Yjgp ã CD (eqïòãev ækõe wõgæ kp ãwækq ãpæ økægq õûõvgïõ) kõ õggp kp õwpnkéjv, tãkpdqy nkmg eqnqwtõ ãtg õggp. Vjkõ eãp dg gzònãkpgæ qp vjg dãõkõ qh vjg òjgpqïgpqp qh : ]4000_ (ã) tghngevkqp ãpæ ækhhtãevkqp (d) tghngevkqp ãpæ vtãpõïkõõkqp (e) ækhhtãevkqp ãpæ vtãpõïkõõkqp (æ) tghtãevkqp, ækhhtãevkqp ãpæ vtãpõïkõõkqp 7;. Cuugtvkqp (C) < A õvkem kõ ækòògæ kp yãvgt kp ã õnãpvkpé òqõkvkqp. Ëh qdõgtøgæ õkægyãûõ, vjg õvkem ãòògãtõ õjqtv ãpæ dgpv ãv vjg õwthãeg qh yãvgt. Tgcuqp (T) < A nkéjv eqïkpé htqï vjg õvkem wpægtéqgõ õeãvvgtkpé htqï yãvgt ïqngewngõ ékøkpé vjg õvkem ã õjqtv ãpæ dgpv ãòògãtãpeg. ]4001_ (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 80. Yjgp nkéjv yãøgõ òãõõ htqï ãkt vq énãõõ, vjg øãtkãdngõ ãhhgevgæ ãtg: ]4001_ (ã) yãøgngpévj, htgswgpeû ãpæ øgnqekvû (d) øgnqekvû ãpæ htgswgpeû (e) yãøgngpévj ãpæ htgswgpeû (æ) yãøgngpévj ãpæ øgnqekvû 81. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4004_ 1. Îkéjv qh nqpégt yãøgngpévj ãtg õeãvvgtgæ ïwej ïqtg vjãp vjg nkéjv qh õjqtvgt yãøgngpévj. 2. Vjg õòggæ qh økõkdng nkéjv kp yãvgt kõ 0.95 vkïgõ vjg õòggæ kp øãewwï. 3. Ôãækq yãøgõ ãtg òtqæwegæ dû tãòkænû qõeknnãvkpé gngevtkeãn ewttgpvõ. 4. Vq ægvgev vjg qøgtõòggækpé øgjkengõ, òqnkeg wõg vjg Dqòòngt ghhgev qh tghngevgæ õjqtv tãækq yãøgõ. Yjkej qh vjgõg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 1 ãpæ 3 (e) 2 ãpæ 4 (æ) 3 ãpæ 4 84. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé pãvwtãn òjgpqïgpã: ]4004_ 1. Vgttgõvtkãn jgãvkpé 2. Ôghngevkqp qh nkéjv 3. Ôghtãevkqp qh nkéjv 4. Dkhhtãevkqp qh nkéjv Dwg vq yjkej qh vjgõg òjgpqïgpã kõ ã ïktãég hqtïgæ ? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 2, 3 ãpæ 4 (e) 1 ãpæ 3 (æ) 4 qpnû 85. Dkhhwõkqp qh nkéjv kp vjg ãvïqõòjgtg vãmgõ ònãeg æwg vq : ]4005_ (ã) eãtdqp ækqzkæg (d) æwõv òãtvkengõ (e) jgnkwï (æ) yãvgt øãòqwtõ 86. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ kõ pqv eqttgev? ]4005_ (ã) Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ kp ãkt kpetgãõgõ ykvj vjg kpetgãõg qh vgïògtãvwtg (d) Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ kp ãkt kõ kpægògpægpv qh òtgõõwtg (e) Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ kp ãkt ægetgãõgõ ãõ vjg jwïkækvû kpetgãõgõ (æ) Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ kp ãkt kõ pqv ãhhgevgæ dû vjg ejãpég kp ãïònkvwæg ãpæ htgswgpeû 87. Ëp yjkej qpg ãïqpé vjg hqnnqykpé kõ vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ ïãzkïwï? ]4008_ (ã) Akt ãv 0²C (d) Akt ãv 100²C (e) Yãvgt (æ) Yqqæ 88. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4009_ 1. Ëh ïãégpvã ãpæ ûgnnqy eqnqwtgæ ektengõ kpvgtõgev, vjg kpvgtõgevgæ ãtgã yknn jãøg tgæ eqnqwt. 2. Ëh eûãp ãpæ ïãégpvã eqnqwtgæ ektengõ kpvgtõgev, vjg kpvgtõgevgæ ãtgã yknn jãøg dnwg eqnqwt. Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøgp ãdqøg kõ/ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 qpnû (e) Bqvj 1 ãpæ 2 (æ) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 2 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 7 89. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4009_ 1. A hnwvg qh õïãnngt ngpévj òtqæwegõ yãøgõ qh nqygt htgswgpeû. 2. Uqwpæ vtãøgnõ kp tqemõ kp vjg hqtï qh nqpékvwækpãn gnãõvke yãøgõ qpnû. Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøgp ãdqøg kõ/ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 qpnû (e) Bqvj 1 ãpæ 2 (æ) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 2 8:. Cuugtvkqp (C) < A ìgv ãktetãhv ïqøkpé ãv Oãej Pwïdgt gswãn vq 1 vtãøgnõ hãõvgt ãv ãp ãnvkvwæg qh 15 mï vjãp yjkng ïqøkpé ãv Oãej Pwïdgt gswãn vq 1 pgãt vjg õgã ngøgn. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ ægògpæõ qp vjg vgïògtãvwtg qh vjg õwttqwpækpé ïgækwï. ]4009_ (ã) Bqvj A ãtg Ô ãtg vtwg ãpæ Ô kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh A (d) Bqvj A ãpæ Ô ãtg vtwg dwv Ô kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh A (e) A kõ vtwg dwv Ô kõ hãnõg (æ) A kõ hãnõg dwv Ô kõ vtwg 8;. Cuugtvkqp (C)< Ôãækq yãøgõ dgpæ kp ã ïãépgvke hkgnæ. Tgcuqp (T)< Ôãækq yãøgõ ãtg gngevtqïãépgvke kp pãvwtg. ]400:_ (ã) Bqvj A ãtg Ô ãtg vtwg ãpæ Ô kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh A (d) Bqvj A ãpæ Ô ãtg vtwg dwv Ô kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh A (e) A kõ vtwg dwv Ô kõ hãnõg (æ) A kõ hãnõg dwv Ô kõ vtwg 90. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé vûògõ qh yãøgõ ãtg wõgæ kp ã pkéjv økõkqp ãòòãtãvwõ? ]400;_ (ã) Ôãækq yãøgõ (d) Oketqyãøgõ (e) Ëphtã-tgæ yãøgõ (æ) Pqpg qh vjg ãdqøg 91. Cqpõkægt vjg hkéwtg ékøgp dgnqy ãpæ ãpõygt vjg kvgï vjãv hqnnqyõ: R4 Q R3 U Ëp vjg hkéwtg õjqyp ãdqøg, ÑR1 ãpæ ÑR2 ãtg vyq ònãpg ïkttqtõ mgòv ògtògpækewnãt vq gãej qvjgt. U kõ vjg æktgevkqp qh ã dgãï qh nkéjv hãnnkpé qp vjg ïkttqt ÑR1 . Vjg æktgevkqp qh vjg tghngevgæ dgãï qh nkéjv htqï vjg ïkttqt ÑR2 yknn dg: ]4011 - KK_ (ã) Rgtògpækewnãt vq vjg æktgevkqp U. (d) Av 45² vq vjg æktgevkqp U. (e) Ñòòqõkvg ãpæ òãtãnngn vq vjg æktgevkqp U. (æ) Av 60² vq vjg æktgevkqp U. 94. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé òjgpqïgpã: ]4015 - K_ 1. Uk|g qh vjg õwp ãv æwõm. 2. Cqnqwt qh vjg õwp ãv æãyp 3. Oqqp dgkpé økõkdng ãv æãyp 4. Vykpmng qh õvãtõ kp vjg õmû 5. Rqngõvãt dgkpé økõkdng kp vjg õmû Yjkej qh vjg ãdqøg ãtg qòvkeãn knnwõkqpõ? (ã) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 (d) 3, 4 ãpæ 5 (e) 1, 2 ãpæ 4 (æ) 2, 3 ãpæ 5 95. Ôãkpdqy kõ òtqæwegæ yjgp õwpnkéjv hãnnõ qp ætqòõ qh tãkp. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpé òjûõkeãn òjgpqïgpã ãtg tgõòqpõkdng hqt vjkõ? ]4015 - K_ 1. Dkõògtõkqp 2. Ôghtãevkqp 3. Ëpvgtpãn tghngevkqp Ugngev vjg eqttgev ãpõygt wõkpé vjg eqægõ dgnqy. (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 qpnû (d) 2 ãpæ 3 qpnû (e) 1 ãpæ 3 qpnû (æ) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 96. Dwtkpé ã vjwpægtõvqtï, vjg vjwpægt kp vjg õmkgõ kõ òtqæwegæ dû vjg ]4015 - K_ 1. ïggvkpé qh ewïwnqpkïdwõ enqwæõ kp vjg õmû 2. nkéjvpkpé vjãv õgòãtãvgõ vjg pkïdwõ enqwæõ 3. økqngpv wòyãtæ ïqøgïgpv qh ãkt ãpæ yãvgt òãtvkengõ Ugngev vjg eqttgev ãpõygt wõkpé vjg eqægõ ékøgp dgnqy. (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 ãpæ 3 (e) 1 ãpæ 3 (æ) Pqpg qh vjg ãdqøg òtqæwegõ vjg vjwpægt D. Electricity and Magnetism 97. Ikøgp dgnqy ãtg vyq õvãvgïgpvõ, qpg nãdgnngæ ãõ Aõõgtvkqp (A) ãpæ vjg qvjgt nãdgnngæ ãõ Ôgãõqp (Ô). Cuugtvkqp (C)< Vtãpõhqtïgt kõ wõghwn hqt õvgòòkpé wò qt õvgòòkpé æqyp øqnvãégõ. Tgcuqp (T)< Vtãpõhqtïgt kõ ã ægøkeg wõgæ kp D.C. ektewkvõ. Ëp vjg eqpvgzv qh vjg ãdqøg vyq õvãvgïgpvõ, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ eqttgev? ]1;;8_ (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) A kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg 98. Dqïgõvke gngevtkeãn yktkpé kõ dãõkeãnnû ã : ]1;;8_ (ã) õgtkgõ eqppgevkqp (d) òãtãnngn eqppgevkqp (e) eqïdkpãvkqp qh õgtkgõ ãpæ òãtãnngn eqppgevkqpõ (æ) õgtkgõ eqppgevkqp ykvjkp gãej tqqï ãpæ òãtãnngn eqppgevkqp gnõgyjgtg 99. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ òãtãïãépgvke kp pãvwtg? ]1;;9_ (ã) Ëtqp (d) Jûætqégp (e) Ñzûégp (æ) Pkvtqégp Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 8 Topicwise Solved Papers 9:. A hwõg kõ wõgæ kp ïãkpõ gngevtke õwòònû ãõ ã õãhgvû ægøkeg. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ ãdqwv vjg hwõg kõ eqttgev? ]1;;:_ (ã) Ëv kõ eqppgevgæ kp òãtãnngn ykvj vjg ïãkp õykvej (d) Ëv kõ ïãæg ïãkpnû htqï õknøgt ãnnqûõ (e) Ëv ïwõv jãøg ã nqy ïgnvkpé òqkpv (æ) Ëv ïwõv jãøg øgtû jkéj tgõkõvãpeg 9;. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Vjg vgïògtãvwtg qh ã ïgvãn yktg tkõgõ yjgp ãp gngevtke ewttgpv kõ òãõõgæ vjtqwéj kv. ]1;;:_ Tgcuqp (T) < Cqnnkõkqp qh ïgvãn ãvqïõ ykvj gãej qvjgt tgngãõgõ jgãv gpgtéû. Eqfgu< (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg vtwg dwv T kõ pqv ã eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg :0. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]1;;;_ Ap qtækpãtû nkéjv dwnd jãõ ã tãvjgt õjqtv nkhg dgeãwõg vjg: 1. hknãïgpv yktg kõ pqv wpkhqtï. 2. dwnd eãppqv dg gøãewãvgæ eqïòngvgnû. 3. yktgõ õwòòqtvkpé vjg hknãïgpv ïgnv ãv jkéj vgïògtãvwtgõ. Yjkej qh vjg ãdqøg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 3 (d) 2 ãpæ 3 (e) 1 ãpæ 2 (æ) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 :1. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ tgéãtækpé ã ïqvqt eãt dãvvgtû: ]1;;;_ 1. Vjg øqnvãég kõ wõwãnnû 12 X. 2. Engevtqnûvg wõgæ kõ jûætqejnqtke ãekæ. 3. Engevtqægõ ãtg ngãæ ãpæ eqòògt. 4. Cãòãekvû kõ gzòtgõõgæ kp ãïògtg-jqwt. Yjkej qh vjg ãdqøg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 ãpæ 2 (d) 2 ãpæ 3 (e) 3 ãpæ 4 (æ) 1 ãpæ 4 :4. Ènwqtgõegpv vwdgõ ãtg hkvvgæ ykvj ã ejqmg. Vjg ejqmg eqkn : ]4000_ (ã) õvgòõ wò vjg nkpg øqnvãég (d) õvgòõ-æqyp vjg nkpg øqnvãég (e) tgæwegõ ewttgpv kp vjg ektewkv (æ) ejqmgõ nqy htgswgpeû ewttgpv :5. Vyq yktgõ jãøg vjgkt ngpévjõ, ækãïgvgtõ ãpæ tgõkõvkøkvkgõ ãnn kp vjg tãvkq qh 1 : 2. Ëh vjg tgõkõvãpeg qh vjg vjkppgt yktg kõ 10 qjï, vjg tgõkõvãpeg qh vjg vjkemgt yktg kõ : ]4001_ (ã) 5 qjï (d) 10 qjï (e) 20 qjï (æ) 40 qjï :6. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Ëp qwt jqwõgõ, vjg ewttgpv kp A.C. gngevtkekvû nkpg ejãpégõ æktgevkqp 60 vkïgõ ògt õgeqpæ. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg htgswgpeû qh ãnvgtpãvkpé øqnvãég õwòònkgæ kõ 50 J|. ]4006_ (ã) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg kpækøkæwãnnû vtwg ãpæ T kõ vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (d) Bqvj C ãpæ T ãtg kpækøkæwãnnû vtwg dwv T kõ pqv vjg eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp qh C (e) C kõ vtwg dwv T kõ hãnõg (æ) C kõ hãnõg dwv T kõ vtwg :7. Yjãv kõ vjg qtægt qh ïãépkvwæg qh gngevtke tgõkõvãpeg qh vjg jwïãp dqæû (ætû) ? ]4007_ (ã) 102 qjï (d) 104 qjï (e) 106 qjï (æ) 108 qjï :8. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé kõ òtkpvgæ qp ã eqïïqpnû wõgæ hnwqtgõegpv vwdg nkéjv? ]4008_ (ã) 220 M (d) 273 M (e) 6500 M (æ) 9000 M :9. Engevtkeãnnû ejãtégæ òãtvkengõ htqï õòãeg vtãøgnnkpé ãv õòggæõ qh õgøgtãn jwpætgæ mï/õge eãp õgøgtgnû jãtï nkøkpé dgkpéõ kh vjgû tgãej vjg õwthãeg qh vjg Eãtvj. Yjãv òtgøgpvõ vjgï htqï tgãejkpé vjg õwthãeg qh vjg Eãtvj? ]4014 - K_ (ã) Vjg EãtvjĔõ ïãépgvke hkgnæ ækøgtvõ vjgï vqyãtæõ kvõ òqngõ (d) Ñ|qpg nãûgt ãtqwpæ vjg Eãtvj tghngevõ vjgï dãem vq qwvgt õòãeg (e) Oqkõvwtg kp vjg wòògt nãûgtõ qh ãvïqõòjgtg òtgøgpvõ vjgï htqï tgãejkpé vjg õwthãeg qh vjg Eãtvj (æ) Pqpg qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ (ã), (d) ãpæ (e) ékøgp ãdqøg kõ eqttgev ::. Vjg mpqyp hqtegõ qh pãvwtg eãp dg ækøkægæ kpvq hqwt enãõõgõ, øk|., étãøkvû, gngevtqïãépgvkõï, ygãm pwengãt hqteg ãpæ õvtqpé pwengãt hqteg. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjgï, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ kõ pqv eqttgev? ]4015 - K_ (ã) Itãøkvû kõ vjg õvtqpégõv qh vjg hqwt (d) Engevtqïãépgvkõï ãevõ qpnû qp òãtvkengõ ykvj ãp gngevtke ejãtég (e) Ygãm pwengãt hqteg eãwõgõ tãækqãevkøkvû (æ) Uvtqpé pwengãt hqteg jqnæõ òtqvqpõ ãpæ pgwvtqpõ kpõkæg vjg pwengwõ qh ãp ãvqï E. Modern Physics :;. Vjg vgejpkswg wõgæ vq vtãpõïkv ãwækq õképãnõ kp vgngøkõkqp dtqãæeãõvõ kõ : ]1;;7_ (ã) Aïònkvwæg Oqæwnãvkqp (d) Ètgswgpeû Oqæwnãvkqp (e) Rwnõg Cqæg Oqæwnãvkqp (æ) Vkïg Dkøkõkqp Ownvkòngzkpé ;0. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]1;;8_ Av vjg òtgõgpv ngøgn qh vgejpqnqéû ãøãknãdng kp Ëpækã, õqnãt gpgtéû eãp dg eqpøgpkgpvnû wõgæ vq : 1. Uwòònû jqv yãvgt vq tgõkægpvkãn dwknækpéõ. 2. Uwòònû yãvgt hqt ïkpqt kttkéãvkqp òtqìgevõ. 3. Rtqøkæg õvtggv nkéjvkpé. 4. Engevtkhû ã enwõvgt qh øknnãégõ ãpæ õïãnn vqypõ. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 9 (ã) 1, 2, 3 ãpæ 4 ãtg eqttgev (d) 2 ãpæ 4 ãtg eqttgev (e) 1 ãpæ 3 ãtg eqttgev (æ) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 ãtg eqttgev ;1. Ñpg ãõvtqpqïkeãn wpkv kõ vjg ãøgtãég ækõvãpeg dgvyggp: ]1;;:_ (ã) Eãtvj ãpæ vjg Uwp (d) Eãtvj ãpæ vjg Oqqp (e) Lwòkvgt ãpæ vjg Uwp (æ) Rnwvq ãpæ vjg Uwp ;4. Èqt tgòtqæwekpé õqwpæ, ã CD (Cqïòãev Dkõe) ãwækq ònãûgt wõgõ ã : ]4000_ (ã) swãtv| etûõvãn (d) vkvãpkwï pggæng (e) nãõgt dgãï (æ) dãtkwï vkvãpãvg egtãïke ;5. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpé æqgõ ã VX tgïqvg eqpvtqn wpkv wõg vq qògtãvg ã VX õgv? ]4000_ (ã) Îkéjv yãøgõ (d) Uqwpæ yãøgõ (e) Oketqyãøgõ (æ) Ôãækq yãøgõ ;6. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4001_ Ëp ã pwengãt tgãevqt, õgnh-õwõvãkpgæ ejãkp tgãevkqp kõ òqõõkdng, dgeãwõg: 1. ïqtg pgwvtqpõ ãtg tgngãõgæ kp gãej qh vjg hkõõkqp tgãevkqpõ. 2. vjg pgwvtqpõ kïïgækãvgnû vãmg òãtv kp vjg hkõõkqp òtqegõõ. 3. vjg hãõv pgwvtqpõ ãtg õnqygæ æqyp dû étãòjkvg. 4. gøgtû pgwvtqp tgngãõgæ kp vjg hkõõkqp tgãevkqp kpkvkãvgõ hwtvjgt hkõõkqp. Yjkej qh vjgõg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 (d) 1 ãpæ 3 (e) 2 ãpæ 4 (æ) 2, 3 ãpæ 4 ;7. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]4007_ 1. A égq-õvãvkqpãtû õãvgnnkvg kõ ãv ãp ãòòtqzkïãvg jgkéjv qh 10,000 mï. 2. ÈO vtãpõïkõõkqp qh ïwõke kõ qh øgtû éqqæ swãnkvû dgeãwõg vjg ãvïqõòjgtke qt ïãp ïãæg pqkõgõ yjkej ãtg égpgtãnnû htgswgpeû øãtkãvkqpõ eãp æq nkvvng jãtï. Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøg ãdqøg kõ/ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 qpnû (e) Bqvj 1 ãpæ 2. (æ) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 2 ;8. Yjãv æqgõ vjg vgtï Dqndû B qt Dqndû C òtkpvgæ qp vãòg-tgeqtægtõ ãpæ qvjgt õqwpæ õûõvgïõ tghgt vq: ]4008_ (ã) htgswgpeû Oqæwnãvgæ Uûõvgï (d) ãïònkvwæg Oqæwnãvgæ Uûõvgï (e) pqkõg Ôgæwevkqp Cktewkv (æ) dqvj DC ãpæ AC òqygt eãp dg wõgæ ;9. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpé vûògõ kõ wõgæ dû eqïòwvgæ vqïqétãòjû gïònqûgæ hqt økõwãnkõãvkqp qh vjg kpvgtpãn õvtwevwtg qh jwïãp dqæû? ]4009_ (ã) Ú-tãû (d) Uqwvj yãøgõ (e) Oãépgvke tgõqpãpeg (æ) Ôãækq kõqvqògõ ;:. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq 'hwgn egnnõ' kp yjkej jûætqégp-tkej hwgn ãpæ qzûégp ãtg wõgæ vq égpgtãvg gngevtkekvû. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ : ]4017-K_ 1. Ëh òwtg jûætqégp kõ wõgæ ãõ ã hwgn, vjg hwgn egnn gïkvõ jgãv ãpæ yãvgt ãõ dû-òtqæwevõ. 2. Èwgn egnnõ eãp dg wõgæ hqt òqygtkpé dwknækpéõ ãpæ pqv hqt õïãnn ægøkegõ nkmg nãòvqò eqïòwvgtõ. 3. Èwgn egnnõ òtqæweg gngevtkekvû kp vjg hqtï qh Anvgtpãvkpé Cwttgpv (AC). Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøgp ãdqøg kõ / ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 ãpæ 3 qpnû (e) 1 ãpæ 3 qpnû (æ) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 F. Space Physics ;;. Ctûqégpke gpékpgõ hkpæ ãòònkeãvkqpõ kp : ]1;;7_ (ã) õwd-ïãtkpg òtqòwnõkqp (d) htqõv-htgg tghtkégtãvqtõ (e) tqemgv vgejpqnqéû (æ) tgõgãtej kp õwògteqpæwevkøkvû 100. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ: ]1;;8_ A ògtõqp kp ã õòãegõjkò nqeãvgæ jãnh yãû dgvyggp vjg gãtvj ãpæ vjg õwp yknn pqvkeg vjãv vjg : 1. õmû kõ ìgv dnãem. 2. õvãtõ æq pqv vykpmng. 3. vgïògtãvwtg qwvõkæg vjg õòãegõjkò kõ ïwej jkéjgt vjãp vjãv qp vjg õwthãeg qh vjg gãtvj. (ã) 3 ãnqpg kõ eqttgev (d) 1 ãpæ 2 ãtg eqttgev (e) 1 ãpæ 3 ãtg eqttgev (æ) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 ãtg eqttgev 101. Vjg vãkn qh ã eqïgv kõ æktgevgæ ãyãû htqï vjg õwp dgeãwõg: ]1;;9_ (ã) ãõ vjg eqïgv tqvãvgõ ãtqwpæ vjg õwp, vjg nkéjvgt ïãõõ qh vjg eqïgv kõ òwõjgæ ãyãû æwg vq vjg egpvtkhwéãn hqteg ãnqpg (d) ãõ vjg eqïgv tqvãvgõ, vjg nkéjvgt ïãõõ qh vjg eqïgv kõ ãvvtãevgæ dû õqïg õvãtõ õkvwãvgæ kp vjg æktgevkqp qh kvõ vãkn (e) vjg tãækãvkqp gïkvvgæ dû vjg õwp gzgtvõ ã tãækãn òtgõõwtg qp vjg eqïgv vjtqykpé kvõ vãkn ãyãû htqï vjg õwp (æ) vjg vãkn qh vjg eqïgv ãnyãûõ gzkõvõ kp vjg õãïg qtkgpvãvkqp 104. A ēdnãem jqngĔ kõ ã dqæû kp õòãeg yjkej æqgõ pqv ãnnqy ãpû tãækãvkqp vq eqïg qwv. Vjkõ òtqògtvû kõ æwg vq kvõ: ]4000_ (ã) øgtû õïãnn õk|g (d) øgtû nãtég õk|g (e) øgtû jkéj ægpõkvû (æ) øgtû nqy õk|g Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 10 Topicwise Solved Papers 105. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ kp tgõògev qh Ëpækã ãæøãpegæ õãvgnnkvg ËPUAVĘ4A: ]4008_ 1. ËPUAV-4A yãõ nãwpejgæ kp Dgegïdgt, 2005 htqï Pgy Ogzkeq. 2. Vjg Ewtqògãp Cqïïgtekãn Îãwpej Ugtøkeg Rtqøkægt Atkãpgõòãeg yãõ ãõõqekãvgæ ykvj vjg nãwpej qh ËPUA V-4A. 3. Vãvã-Umû; ã ækékvãn eãdng õgtøkeg òtqøkægt; kõ ãõõqekãvgæ ykvj DVJ vgngøkõkqp dtqãæeãõvkpé õgtøkeg htqï ËPUA V 4A. Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøgp ãdqøg ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 (d) 1 ãpæ 2 qpnû (e) 2 ãpæ 3 qpnû (æ) 1 ãpæ 3 qpnû 106. Ëp yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpé ãevkøkvkgõ ãtg Ëpækãp Ôgïqvg Ugpõkpé (ËÔU) õãvgnnkvgõ wõgæ? ]4017-K_ 1. Aõõgõõïgpv qh etqò òtqæwevkøkvû 2. Îqeãvkpé étqwpæyãvgt tgõqwtegõ 3. Okpgtãn gzònqtãvkqp 4. Vgngeqïïwpkeãvkqpõ 5. Vtãhhke õvwækgõ Ugngev vjg eqttgev ãpõygt wõkpé vjg eqæg ékøgp dgnqy. (ã) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 qpnû (d) 4 ãpæ 5 qpnû (e) 1 ãpæ 2 qpnû (æ) 1, 2, 3, 4 ãpæ 5 107. Cqpõkægt vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ kp tgõògev qh ã ìgv gpékpg ãpæ ã tqemgv: ]400:_ 1. A ìgv gpékpg wõgõ vjg õwttqwpækpé ãkt hqt kvõ qzûégp õwòònû ãpæ õq kõ wpõwkvãdng hqt ïqvkqp kp õòãeg. 2. A tqemgv eãttkgõ kvõ qyp õwòònû qh qzûégp kp vjg éãõ hqtï, ãpæ hwgn. Yjkej qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ékøgp ãdqøg kõ/ãtg eqttgev? (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 qpnû (e) Bqvj 1 ãpæ 2 (æ) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 2 108. Uãvgnnkvgõ wõgæ hqt vgngeqïïwpkeãvkqp tgnãû ãtg mgòv kp ã égqõvãvkqpãtû qtdkv. A õãvgnnkvg kõ õãkæ vq dg kp õwej ãõ qtdkv yjgp : ]4011 - K_ 1. Vjg qtdkv kõ égqõûpejtqpqwõ. 2. Vjg qtdkv kõ ektewnãt. 3. Vjg qtdkv nkgõ kp vjg ònãpg qh vjg gãtvjĔõ gswãvqt. 4. Vjg qtdkv kõ ãv ãp ãnvkvwæg qh 22,236. Ugngev vjg eqttgev ãpõygt wõkpé vjg eqægõ ékøgp dgnqy : (ã) 1, 2 ãpæ 3 qpnû (d) 1, 3 ãpæ 4 qpnû (e) 2 ãpæ 4 qpnû (æ) 1, 2, 3 ãpæ 4 109. Ap ãtvkhkekãn õãvgnnkvg qtdkvkpé ãtqwpæ vjg Eãtvj æqgõ pqv hãnn æqyp. Vjkõ kõ õq dgeãwõg vjg ãvvtãevkqp qh Eãtvj ]4011 - K_ (ã) æqgõ pqv gzkõv ãv õwej ækõvãpeg (d) kõ pgwvtãnk|gæ dû vjg ãvvtãevkqp qh vjg ïqqp (e) òtqøkægõ vjg pgegõõãtû õòggæ hqt kvõ õvgãæû ïqvkqp (æ) òtqøkægõ vjg pgegõõãtû ãeegngtãvkqp hqt kvõ ïqvkqp 10:. ēRtqìgev ÎqqpĔ, õqïgvkïgõ õggp kp vjg pgyõ, kõ tgnãvgæ vq ]4018-K_ (ã) yãõvg ïãpãégïgpv vgejpqnqéû (d) yktgngõõ eqïïwpkeãvkqp vgejpqnqéû (e) õqnãt òqygt òtqæwevkqp vgejpqnqéû (æ) yãvgt eqpõgtøãvkqp vgejpqnqéû 10;. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq ēÎk-ÈkĔ, tgegpvnû kp vjg pgyõ, yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpé õvãvgïgpvõ kõ/ãtg eqttgev? ]4018-K_ 1. Ëv wõgõ nkéjv ãõ vjg ïgækwï hqt jkéj-õòggæ æãvã vtãpõïkõõkqp. 2. Ëv kõ ã yktgngõõ vgejpqnqéû ãpæ kõ õgøgtãn vkïgõ hãõvgt vjãp ēYk-ÈkĔ. Ugngev vjg eqttgev ãpõygt wõkpé vjg eqæg ékøgp dgnqy. (ã) 1 qpnû (d) 2 qpnû (e) Bqvj 1 ãpæ 2 (æ) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 2 110. Yjãv kõ vjg òwtòqõg qh 'gøqnøgæ Îãõgt Ëpvgthgtqïgvgt Uòãeg Apvgppã (gÎËUA)' òtqìgev? [2017-I] (ã) Vq ægvgev pgwvtkpqõ (d) Vq ægvgev étãøkvãvkqpãn yãøgõ (e) Vq ægvgev vjg ghhgevkøgpgõõ qh ïkõõkng æghgpeg õûõvgï (æ) Vq õvwæû vjg ghhgev qh õqnãt hnãtgõ qp qwt eqïïwpkeãvkqp õûõvgïõ 111. Vjg vgtïõ 'Eøgpv Jqtk|qp', 'Ukpéwnãtkvû', bUvtkpé Vjgqtû' ãpæ 'Uvãpæãtæ Oqægn' ãtg õqïgvkïgõ õggp kp vjg pgyõ kp vjg eqpvgzv qh [2017-I] (ã) Ñdõgtøãvkqp ãpæ wpægtõvãpækpé qh vjg ×pkøgtõg (d) Uvwæû qh vjg õqnãt ãpæ vjg nwpãt genkòõgõ (e) Rnãekpé õãvgnnkvgõ kp vjg qtdkv qh vjg Eãtvj (æ) Ñtkékp ãpæ gøqnwvkqp qh nkøkpé qtéãpkõïõ qp vjg Eãtvj Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 11 A. Mechanics 1. (f) Yjgp ã òãtãejwvkõv ìwïòõ htqï ã jgkéjv, kvõ õòggæ hktõv kpetgãõgõ ykvj vjg ækõvãpeg hãnngp ãpæ vjgp dgeqïgõ eqpõvãpv. Uq, vjg étãòj ékøgp kp qòvkqp (æ) dgõv tgòtgõgpvõ vjg ékøgp õkvwãvkqp. 4. (f) Btãjïãéwòvã yãõ ãp Ëpækãp ïãvjgïãvkekãp ãpæ ãõvtqpqïgt yjq jãæ ytkvvgp pwïgtqwõ kïòqtvãpv dqqmõ qp ïãvjgïãvkeõ ãpæ ãõvtqpqïû. Jg ãpvkekòãvgæ Pgyvqp dû ægenãtkpé vjãv ãnn vjkpéõ étãøkvãvg vq vjg gãtvj. 5. (c) Ëh ã hnwkæ hnqyõ õwej vjãv kvõ øgnqekvû ãv ã òqkpv kõ ãnyãûõ vjg õãïg kp ïãépkvwæg ãpæ æktgevkqp, vjg hnwkæ kõ õãkæ vq jãøg ã õvtgãïnkpg hnqy. Vjg vûòg qh hnqy kp ã hnwkæ õûõvgï kõ ejãtãevgtk|gæ dû vjg òtgõgpeg qh nãïkpãg, qt òãtãnngn õvtgãïõ qh hnwkæ. A õvtgãïnkpg kõ ã õvtãkéjv qt ewtøgæ òãvj õwej vjãv vãpégpv vq kv ãv ã òqkpv ékøgõ vjg æktgevkqp qh hnqy qh nkswkæ ãv vjãv òqkpv. Vjwõ, ãeeqtækpé vq swgõvkqp vjg hnqy òtqhkng kõ dgõv tgòtgõgpvgæ dû hkéwtg (ã). 6. (c) Aõ æ = + 1 2 wv év 2 w = 0 (ékøgp) f v æ = ¿ év2 æ µ v 2 7. (d) A õkïòng ïãejkpg kõ ã ïgejãpkeãn ægøkeg vjãv ejãpégõ vjg æktgevkqp qt ïãépkvwæg qh ã hqteg. Ëp égpgtãn, vjgû eãp dg æghkpgæ ãõ vjg õkïòngõv ïgejãpkõïõ vjãv wõg ïgejãpkeãn ãæøãpvãég vq ïwnvkònû hqteg. Vjwõ, õkïòng ïãejkpg jgnòõ wõ kp æqkpé õãïg ãïqwpv qh yqtm ykvj ngõõgt hqteg. Ègy gzãïòngõ qh õkïòng ïãejkpgõ ãtg òwnngû, ngøgt ,yjggn, õetgy, gve. 8. (c) Ëv kõ qdõgtøgæ vjãv nkswkæ ætqò vgpæ vq eqpvtãev ãpæ ãòògãt õòjgtkeãn yjgp kv kõ õgv htgg htqï gzvgtpãn hqtegõ nkmg étãøkvû, gve. Uwthãeg vgpõkqp kõ vjg òtqògtvû ãïqpé nkswkæõ æwg vq yjkej vjgû vgpæ vq qeewòû ïkpkïwï õwthãeg ãtgã. Vjãv'õ yjû yãvgt ætqòngv ãòògãtõ õòjgtkeãn dgeãwõg hqt ã ékøgp øqnwïg, ã õòjgtg jãõ ïkpkïwï õwthãeg ãtgã. Dwg vq vjkõ òtqògtvû qh õwthãeg vgpõkqp nkswkæ õwthãeg õvtgvejgõ ãpæ dgjãøgõ nkmg ã õvtgvejgæ ïgïdtãpg. 9. (c) Ueãnãtõ ãtg swãpvkvkgõ vjãv jãøg ïãépkvwæg qpnû; vjgû ãtg kpægògpægpv qh æktgevkqp. Xgevqtõ jãøg dqvj ïãépkvwæg ãpæ æktgevkqp. Oqïgpvwï kõ vjg òtqæwev qh vjg ïãõõ ãpæ øgnqekvû qh ãp qdìgev (r = ox). Oqïgpvwï kõ ã øgevqt swãpvkvû, õkpeg kv jãõ ã æktgevkqp ãõ ygnn ãõ ã ïãépkvwæg. Vjg tgõv qh swãpvkvkgõ kp qòvkqp òtgõõwtg, yqtm ãpæ gpgtéû jãøg ïãépkvwæg dwv pqv æktgevkqp. :. (c) Ehhgevkøg ngpévj kõ vjg ngpévj qh òqkpv qh õwõògpõkqp vq vjg egpvtg qh étãøkvû(ïãõõ) qh ã dqæû. Îgv kv dg l yjgp vjg éktn kõ õkvvkpé ãpæ l)"yjgp éktn õvãpæõ wò. Jgtg l @"l)0"Vjwõ, vjg vkïg ògtkqæ qh õykpé yknn ægetgãõg dgeãwõg vkïg ògtkqæ qh õykpé kõ ékøgp dû hqtïwnã n V = 2π é Uq, kv kõ engãt htqï ãdqøg hqtïwnã vjãv vjg vkïg ògtkqæ qh õûõvgï kõ æktgevnû òtqòqtvkqpãn vq ghhgevkøg ngpévj. ;. (f) Vjg ãdqøg ækãétãï tgòtgõgpvõ ã dqæû kp òtqìgevkng ïqvkqp Oãzkïwï jgkéjv {ïãz = n q 2 2 õkp 2é Vjwõ, ãeeqtækpé vq ãdqøg gswãvkqp étgãvgt vjg kpkvkãn kpenkpãvkqp, vjg étgãvgt kõ vjg jgkéjv tgãejgæ. 10. (c) Yãõjkpé ïãejkpg yqtmõ qp vjg òtkpekòng qh egpvtkhwéãvkqp. Cgpvtkhwéãvkqp kõ ã òtqegõõ vjãv kpøqnøgõ vjg wõg qh vjg egpvtkhwéãn hqteg hqt vjg õgòãtãvkqp qh ïkzvwtgõ ykvj ã egpvtkhwég, wõgæ kp kpæwõvtû ãpæ kp nãdqtãvqtû õgvvkpéõ. Oqtg-ægpõg eqïòqpgpvõ qh vjg ïkzvwtg ïkétãvg ãyãû htqï vjg ãzkõ qh vjg egpvtkhwég, yjkng ngõõ-ægpõg eqïòqpgpvõ qh vjg ïkzvwtg ïkétãvg vqyãtæõ vjg ãzkõ. 11. (e) Ap qdìgev qp ãp kpenkpgæ ònãpg ykvj kpenkpãvkqp q ïqøgõ ykvj ãp ãeegngtãvkqp é õkp q æqyp vjg ònãpg. Vjg vkïg vãmgp vq tgãej vjg dqvvqï kõ ékøgp dû q i"ukp"q i"equ"q i" l = = 1 2 ãv (ãõ w 0) 2 ´ Þ= = = q q´ q l l t 22 2 õkp õkp õkp j ci i \ = q 1 2 õkp j v i 14. (d) Vjg øgnqekvû ãhvgt vkïg v kõ ékøgp dû x = w + iv Jgtg, w = 0, v = 2õ, i = 9.8 ï/õ2 \ x = 0 + (9.8 Ù 2) = 19.6 ï/õ HINTS & SOLUTIONS Explanations Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 12 Topicwise Solved Papers 15. (c) Aõ ïqpmgû ãpæ dwnngv dqvj hãnn wpægt vjg õãïg étãøkvãvkqpãn hqteg, õq dwnngv yknn jkv gzãevnû vjg õãïg òqkpv kv jãõ dggp ãkïgæ. 16. (d) Cãòknnãtû ãevkqp, qt eãòknnãtkvû, kõ ã òjgpqïgpqp yjgtg nkswkæ õòqpvãpgqwõnû tkõgõ kp ã pãttqy õòãeg õwej ãõ ã vjkp vwdg, qt kp òqtqwõ ïãvgtkãnõ õwej ãõ òãògt qt kp õqïg pqp-òqtqwõ ïãvgtkãnõ õwej ãõ nkswkhkgæ eãtdqp hkdtg. Vjkõ ghhgev eãp eãwõg nkswkæõ vq hnqy ãéãkpõv vjg hqteg qh étãøkvû qt vjg ïãépgvke hkgnæ kpæwevkqp. Ëp dnqvvkpé qh kpm, õòtgãæ qh yãvgt ætqò qp ã eqvvqp enqvj ãpæ vjg tkõkpé qh yãvgt htqï vjg tqqvõ qh ã ònãpv vq kvõ hqnkãég. 17. (d) A "õvtgãïnkpgæ" ægõkép kõ qpg kp yjkej qdìgevõ vjãv ïqøg vjtqwéj ã éãõ qt nkswkæ ãtg õjãògæ vq ïãvej vjgõg nkpgõ, ãpæ vjgtghqtg, tgæweg vjg gpgtéû tgswktgæ vq òtqæweg vjãv ïqvkqp. Ownvk òqkpv hwgn kpìgevkqp õûõvgï kpìgevõ hwgn kpvq kpækøkæwãn eûnkpægtõ, dãõgæ qp eqïïãpæõ htqï vjg 'qp dqãtæ gpékpg ïãpãégïgpv õûõvgï eqïòwvgtęòqòwnãtnû mpqyp ãõ vjg Epékpg Cqpvtqn ×pkv/EC×. Vjgõg vgejpkswgõ tgõwnv pqv qpnû kp dgvvgt 'òqygt dãnãpeg' ãïqpéõv vjg eûnkpægtõ dwv ãnõq kp jkéjgt qwvòwv htqï gãej qpg qh vjgï, ãnqpé ykvj hãõvgt vjtqvvng tgõòqpõg. Vjg qvjgt vyq qòvkqpõ tãækãn vûtgõ ãpæ eãvãnûvke eqpøgtvgt ykvj gzjãwõv æq pqv eqpvtkdwvg vq ïãmg vjg eãt ïqtg hwgn ghhkekgpv. 18. (d) Èktõv õvãvgïgpv eãp dg gzònãkpgæ qp vjg dãõkõ qh nãyõ qh ïqvkqp. Èktõv õvãvgïgpv kpøqnøgõ vjg wõg qh Pgyvqp'õ vjktæ nãy qh ïqvkqp, "Èqt gøgtû ãevkqp vjgtg kõ ãp gswãn ãpæ qòòqõkvg tgãevkqp". Ëp hktõv eãõg yjkng yjkõvnkpé ã ïãp wõgõ jkõ dtgãvjg ãõ ã òtqògnnãpv vq òtqògn jkïõgnh. Vjg õgeqpæ õvãvgïgpv eãp dg gzònãkpgæ qp vjg dãõkõ qh nãy qh eqpõgtøãvkqp qh nkpgãt ïqïgpvwï ãeeqtækpé vq yjkej vjg ïqïgpvwï qh dqæû tgïãkpõ eqpõgtøgæ wpvkn ãpû gzvgtpãn hqteg ãevõ wòqp kv. 19. (e) Oãõõ kõ ã wpkøgtõãn eqpõvãpv. Vjg ïãõõ qh ã dqæû tgïãkpõ wpejãpégæ kp ãpû òãtv qh wpkøgtõg. Oãõõ qh ã dqæû æqgõ pqv ejãpég ykvj tgõògev vq étãøkvû. Ëv kõ vjg ygkéjv vjãv ejãpégõ ykvj étãøkvû. 1:. (e) Vjg dqd qh ã õkïòng ògpæwnwï kõ ãvvãejgæ vq ã õvtkpé yjkej òwnnõ vjg dqd ãnqpé kvõ ngpévj. D D¢ C E¢ E Jgtg D ãpæ E ãtg gzvtgïg òqõkvkqpõ yjgtgãõ C kõ ïgãp òqõkvkqp.Vjg õòggæ qh vjg dqd kpetgãõgõ ãõ kv ãòòtqãejgõ vjg ïgãp òqõkvkqp C ãpæ eqpvkpwgõ vq ïqøg vknn kv tgãejgõ E. Av E vjg õòggæ dgeqïgõ |gtq. Dwg vq vjg wpdãnãpegæ hqteg vjg dqd ïqøgõ vqyãtæõ vjg ïgãp òqõkvkqp. Vjg õòggæ qh vjg dqd kõ ïãzkïwï ãv vjg ïgãp òqõkvkqp ãpæ kõ |gtq ãv vjg gzvtgïg òqõkvkqpõ. Vjwõ, kv kõ engãt vjãv kp gãej eûeng dqd øgnqekvû kpetgãõgõ htqï |gtq vq ïãzkïwï. Vjkõ ïgãpõ vjãv kv ãvvãkpõ ã ékøgp øgnqekvû vykeg. Uwòòqõg vjg dqd qh vjg ògpæwnwï tgãejgõ wò vq D yjkng qõeknnãvkpé, vjgp CD kõ vjg ãïònkvwæg. Hqt vjg pgzv qõeknnãvkqp vjg dqd hãknõ vq tgãej D dwv kv yknn tgøgtõg vjg æktgevkqp htqï òqkpv D¢ kpõvgãæ qh D. Vjg ãïònkvwæg qh qõeknnãvkqp kp vjg õgeqpæ eãõg kõ CD¢ yjkej kõ ngõõ vjãp CD. Vjãv ïgãpõ, ã tgvãtækpé hqteg kõ ãevkpé qp vjg dqd vjgtgdû tgæwekpé vjg ãïònkvwæg qh qõeknnãvkqp. Vjkõ tgvãtækpé hqteg kõ pqvjkpé dwv ãkt-tgõkõvãpeg qt ãkt-htkevkqp. Av gzvtgïg òqõkvkqp, ãeegngtãvkqp kõ ïãzkïwï. Uq õvãvgïgpv 3 kõ pqv eqttgev. 1;. (f) Èkéwtg (æ) eqttgevnû tgòtgõgpvõ vjg vkïg-ækõvãpeg étãòj hqt qpg ækïgpõkqpãn wpkhqtï ïqvkqp. 40. (f) Uvãvgïgpv 1 kõ hãnõg. Vjg vgïògtãvwtg ægògpægpeg qh nkswkæ økõeqõkvû kõ vjg òjgpqïgpqp dû yjkej nkswkæ økõeqõkvû vgpæõ vq ægetgãõg (qt, ãnvgtpãvkøgnû, kvõ hnwkækvû vgpæõ vq kpetgãõg) ãõ kvõ vgïògtãvwtg kpetgãõgõ. Vjwõ, ykvj kpetgãõg qh vgïògtãvwtg økõeqõkvû qh énûegtkpg ægetgãõg. Uvãvgïgpv 2 kõ eqttgev dgeãwõg ykvj vjg tkõg qh vgïògtãvwtg kp eãõg qh nkswkæ, vjg mkpgvke gpgtéû kpetgãõgõ ãõ mkpgvke gpgtéû qh nkswkæ ïqngewngõ kõ æktgevnû òtqòqtvkqpãn vq ãdõqnwvg vgïògtãvwtg. 41. (e) Uvãvgïgpv 1 kõ vtwg dwv õvãvgïgpv 2 kõ hãnõg. Uògekhke étãøkvû kõ vjg tãvkq qh vjg ægpõkvû (ïãõõ qh ã wpkv øqnwïg) qh ã õwdõvãpeg vq vjg ægpõkvû (ïãõõ qh vjg õãïg wpkv øqnwïg) qh ã tghgtgpeg õwdõvãpeg. Ogtewtû jãõ ã õògekhke étãøkvû qh 13.56 yjgtgãõ õògekhke étãøkvû qh ktqp kõ 7.21.Vjwõ, ktqp dãnn hnqãvõ qp ïgtewtû. 44. (d) Vjg øqnwïg qh 2 eï òãtv qh vjg ewdg, ãõõwïkpé vjg õkæg qh ewdg kõ z. Xqnwïg = 2 Ù z Ù z = 2z2 Oãõõ ækõònãegæ dû vjkõ òqtvkqp = 0.2 mé = 200 éï ×õkpé Oãõõ = Xqnwïg Ù ægpõkvû z 4"eo 200 = 2z2 Ù 1 z 2 = 100 z = 10 eï 45. (d) Ygkéjv kõ dãõkeãnnû vjg ïgãõwtgïgpv qh vjg étãøkvãvkqpãn hqteg vjãv ãevõ qp ãp qdìgev. Ygkéjv qh ãpû dqæû kõ ékøgp dû hqtïwnã Y = oi o kõ vjg ïãõõ qh dqæû. i tghgtõ vq vjg ãeegngtãvkqp vjãv vjg Eãtvj kïòãtvõ vq qdìgevõ qp qt pgãt kvõ õwthãeg. Ëv kõ eãnngæ ãeegngtãvkqp æwg vq étãøkvû. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 13 Pqy, ïãõõ kõ wpkøgtõãn eqpõvãpv. Ëv yknn tgïãkp õãïg ãv gãtvj õwthãeg qt ãv ãpû òqkpv ãdqøg vjg õwthãeg qh gãtvj. Aeegngtãvkqp æwg vq étãøkvû ægetgãõgõ ykvj ãnvkvwæg, õkpeg étgãvgt ãnvkvwæg ïgãpõ étgãvgt ækõvãpeg htqï vjg Eãtvj'õ egpvtg. Vjg hqnnqykpé hqtïwnã ãòòtqzkïãvgõ vjg Eãtvj'õ étãøkvû hqtïwnã øãtkãvkqp ykvj ãnvkvwæg: 2 t q g tg é é t j æ ö = ç ÷ + è ø Yjgtg ét = ā kõ vjg étãøkvû ïgãõwtg ãv jgkéjv ãdqøg õgã ngøgn. tg = ā kõ vjg Eãtvj'õ ïgãp tãækwõ. éq = ā kõ vjg õvãpæãtæ étãøkvû. Eãtvj kõ pqv ã ògthgev õòjgtg dgeãwõg kvõ vyq òqngõ eãwõg kv vq dwnég qwv kp vjg ïkææng. Ëv õòkpõ qp kvõ ãzkõ ãpæ vjg egpvtkhwéãn hqteg ïãmgõ vjg òãtv ãv vjg gswãvqt dwnég qwv õnkéjvnû. 46. (c) Ëp eãõg qh qdìgev ïqøkpé ãnqpé ã ektewnãt òãvj vyq vûògõ qh hqtegõ egpvtkògvãn ãpæ egpvtkhwéãn ãevõ wòqp kv. Aõ vjgû jãøg qòòqõkvg kïòãev vjwõ, vjg qdìgev tgïãkpõ kp dãnãpeg. Yjgp egpvtkhwéãn hqteg égvõ ækõvwtdgæ vjgp vjg qdìgev yknn ngãøg vjg dãnãpeg ãpæ õmkæ vqyãtæ ãp qwvyãtæ æktgevkqp. 47. (e) Vjg õwthãeg qh vãpmgt yknn ïqøg kp hqtyãtæ æktgevkqp ykvj kpetgãõkpé øgnqekvû (ãõ ãeegngtãvkqp kp wpkhqtï), õq ægòvj yknn dg nãtégt ãv vjg tgãt gpæ. 48. (d) Vjg øãnwg qh é qp gãtvj'õ õwthãeg kõ ékøgp dû = 2 IO i T Þ D æD ö = - ç ÷ è ø 2 i T i T "*kh"M"ku"eqpuvcpv+ Vjwõ, kh tãækwõ qh vjg gãtvj õjtkpmõ dû 1%, vjg øãnwg qh i yknn kpetgãõg dû 2%. 49. (f) Bû Pgyvqp'õ õgeqpæ nãy H = ïã. Ëh c = 0, Hpgv = 0 Vjwõ, vjg tgõwnvãpv hqteg kõ |gtq. 4:. (d) A dqæû ïqøkpé ykvj ã wpkhqtï ãpéwnãt øgnqekvû wqp ã ektewnãt òãvj qh tãækwõ t jãõ tãækãn ãeegngtãvkqp gswãn w4 t æktgevgæ vqyãtæõ vjg egpvtg qh vjg òãvj. 4;. (f) Ëp vjkõ eãõg, dãnnqqp kõ hknngæ wò ykvj yãvgt ãpæ vjgp òwv kpvq yãvgt. Ëpkvkãnnû, ãhvgt õqïg qõeknnãvkqpõ kv dgeqïg õvãdng dgeãwõg vjg æqypyãtæ æktgevkpé hqteg gzgtvgæ dû ygkéjv qh yãvgt kp dãnnqqp kõ dãnãpegæ dû vjg wòyãtæ æktgevkpé dwqûãpeû hqteg qh yãvgt. Jgpeg, vjg tgõwnvãpv ygkéjv kp yãvgt kõ |gtq ãõ vjgtg kõ pq tgõwnvãpv hqteg ãevkpé wòqp kv. 50. (d) Dgpõkvû qh éqnæ kõ 19.30 i/eï3 . Vjg ægpõkvû qh wnvtã òwtg nkswkæ ïgtewtû kõ 13.534 i/eï3 ãpæ vjg ægpõkvû qh õvggn kõ 7.80 i/eï3 . 51. (d) Eãtvj'õ ïgãp qtdkvãn õòggæ kõ 30 mï/õ. 54. (e) Enqpéãvkqp"*Dn+"kp ã yktg kõ ékøgp dû = ´ D H n [ C n Þ D = Hn n C[ Èqt yktgõ qh õãïg ïãvgtkãn ãpæ õãïg nqãæ, D µ ÞD µ 2 n n n n C t Vjgtghqtg, vjg gzvgpõkqpõ yknn dg ïãzkïwï kp eãõg qh vjg yktg ykvj ngpévj 3 ï ãpæ ækãïgvgt 1.5 ïï. 55. (f) Xkõeqekvû qh Mgtqõgpg kõ ngãõv ãïqpé ãnn, õq kv yknn gïòvkgæ hktõv. 56. (d) 1. kv yqwnæ dg ækhhkewnv vq wõg ã mgtqõgpg nãïò 2. vjg dnqvvkpé òãògt yqwnæ hãkn vq hwpevkqp 3. vjg dké vtggõ vjãv yg õgg ãtqwpæ yqwnæ pqv jãøg étqyp qp vjg Eãtvj 57. (e) Bãnn dgãtkpéõ ãtg wõgæ vq tgæweg htkevkqp ãpæ htkevkqp kõ æktgevnû òtqòqtvkqpãn vq ghhgevkøg õwthãeg ãtgã. Uq kh ghhgevkøg õwthãeg ãtgã kõ tgæwegæ vjgp htkevkqp yknn ãnõq tgæweg. B. Heat and Thermodynamics 58. (f) Bgeãwõg qh ægpõkvû. Vjg ægpõkvû qh vjg enqwæõ kõ ngõõ vjãp vjãv qh vjg ãkt. 59. (d) Vjgtïãn gzòãpõkqp kõ vjg vgpægpeû qh ïãvvgt vq ejãpég kp øqnwïg kp tgõòqpõg vq ã ejãpég kp vgïògtãvwtg. Ëp vjkõ eãõg C gzòãpæõ ïqtg vjãp D. Vjgtghqtg, gzòãpõkqp qh øqnwïg yknn dg ïqtg hqt C kp eqïòãtkõqp vq D qp ãòònkeãvkqp qh õãïg ãïqwpv qh jgãv. Vjgtghqtg, qp jgãvkpé kv yknn ãòògãt nkmg hkéwtg (d). 5:. (c) Ëp òjûõkeõ, etûqégpkeõ kõ vjg õvwæû qh vjg òtqæwevkqp qh øgtû nqy vgïògtãvwtg (dgnqy Ę150 ²C, Ę 238 ²È qt 123 M) ãpæ vjg dgjãøkqt qh ïãvgtkãnõ ãv vjqõg vgïògtãvwtgõ. Aòònkeãvkqp qh etûqégpkeõ ãtg kp OÔË. OÔË kõ ã ïgvjqæ qh kïãékpé qdìgevõ vjãv wõgõ ã õvtqpé ïãépgvke hkgnæ vq ægvgev vjg tgnãzãvkqp qh òtqvqpõ vjãv jãøg dggp ògtvwtdgæ dû ã tãækq-htgswgpeû òwnõg. Vjkõ ïãépgvke hkgnæ kõ égpgtãvgæ dû gngevtqïãépgvõ, ãpæ jkéj hkgnæ õvtgpévjõ eãp dg ãejkgøgæ dû wõkpé õwògteqpæwevkpé ïãépgvõ. Vtãækvkqpãnnû, nkswkæ jgnkwï kõ wõgæ vq eqqn vjg eqknõ dgeãwõg kv jãõ ã dqknkpé òqkpv qh ãtqwpæ 4 M ãv ãïdkgpv òtgõõwtg. Ctûqégpke nkswkæõ ãtg ãnõq wõgæ kp vjg õòãeg òtqétãï. Èqt gzãïòng, etûqégpõ ãtg wõgæ vq òtqògn tqemgvõ kpvq õòãeg. A vãpm qh nkswkæ jûætqégp òtqøkægõ vjg hwgn vq dg dwtpgæ ãpæ ã õgeqpæ vãpm qh nkswkæ qzûégp kõ òtqøkægæ hqt eqïdwõvkqp. Ctûqégpke òtqegõõgõ ãtg ãnõq wõgæ vq õwòònû "dãpmõ" õvqtkpé gûg eqtpgãõ, dnqqæ, ãpæ õògtï hqt hwvwtg õwtékeãn òtqegæwtgõ. Ëp 1961 Aïgtkeãp õwtégqp Ëtøkpé U. Cqqògt kpvtqæwegæ ã htgg|kpé vgejpkswg eãnngæ etûqõwtégtû. Ctûqõwtégtû kõ tgnãvkøgnû dnqqængõõ dgeãwõg vjg nqy vgïògtãvwtgõ wõgæ eqpõvtkev vjg dnqqæ øgõõgnõ, õvgïïkpé vjg nqõõ qh dnqqæ. 5;. (d) Bqvj õvãvgïgpv 1 ãpæ õvãvgïgpv 2 ãtg eqttgev. Ñp jgãvkpé wò vq õãïg vgïògtãvwtg eqòògt òkgeg kõ hqwpæ Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 14 Topicwise Solved Papers jqvvgt vjãp kp eqïòãtkõqp vq énãõõ òkgeg dgeãwõg eqòògt dgkpé ã ïgvãn kõ ã éqqæ eqpæwevqt qh jgãv ãpæ gngevtkekvû yjkng énãõõ qp vjg qvjgt jãpæ kõ ã òqqt eqpæwevqt qh jgãv. Vjg ægpõkvû qh eqòògt kõ 8.92 éï/ eï3 ãpæ qh énãõõ kõ 2.6 éï/eï3 . 60. (e) Vjg dqknkpé òqkpv qh ãp gngïgpv qt ã õwdõvãpeg kõ vjg vgïògtãvwtg ãv yjkej vjg øãòqwt òtgõõwtg qh vjg nkswkæ gswãnõ vjg gpøktqpïgpvãn òtgõõwtg õwttqwpækpé vjg nkswkæ. Aõ ãnvkvwæg kpetgãõgõ, ãvïqõòjgtke òtgõõwtg ægetgãõgõ, õq dqknkpé òqkpv ægetgãõgõ, õq vjg nkswkæ yqwnæ dqkn ãv ã nqygt vgïògtãvwtg. 61. (f) Ëpkvkãnnû ãv õvãtv qh jgãvkpé htqï 0²C vq 4²C vjgtg yknn dg ã eqpvtãevkqp ãõ ã tgõwnv qh yjkej øqnwïg ægetgãõgõ. Ñp hwtvjgt jgãvkpé dgûqpæ 4²C vq 10²C vjg ïqngewngõ éãkp mkpgvke gpgtéû ãpæ õvãtv ïqøkpé ïqtg tãpæqïnû. Vjwõ, kpvgtïqngewnãt ækõvãpeg kpetgãõgõ ãõ ã tgõwnv qh yjkej kvõ øqnwïg kpetgãõgõ. 64. (e) Vjg nqõõ qh jgãv kõ æktgevnû òtqòqtvkqpãn vq vjg õwthãeg ãtgã, jgpeg nqõõ qh jgãv yknn dg gãtnkgt kp eãõg qh õòjgtg dgeãwõg kv jãõ vjg ïãzkïwï õwthãeg ãtgã. 65. (f) Ñpnû õvãvgïgpv 3 kõ eqttgev. Ap ãkt eqpækvkqpgt (qhvgp tghgttgæ vq ãõ AC) kõ ã jqïg ãòònkãpeg, õûõvgï, qt ïgejãpkõï ægõképgæ vq ægjwïkækhû ãpæ gzvtãev jgãv htqï ãp ãtgã. Uvgãï (ãv 100 ægétgg Cgnõkwõ ) jãõ ïqtg gpgtéû vjãp yãvgt ( ãv 100 ægétgg Cgnõkwõ ) dgeãwõg kv vãmgõ gpgtéû vq dtgãm vjg dqpæõ vjãv mggò kv nkswkæ. Îãvgpv jgãv kõ vjg jgãv tgngãõgæ qt ãdõqtdgæ dû ã ejgïkeãn õwdõvãpeg qt ã vjgtïqæûpãïke õûõvgï æwtkpé ã ejãpég qh õvãvg vjãv qeewtõ ykvjqwv ã ejãpég kp vgïògtãvwtg. Îãvgpv jgãv qh hwõkqp qh yãvgt kõ 334 mL/mé yjgtgãõ Îãvgpv jgãv qh øãòqtk|ãvkqp qh yãvgt kõ 2260 mL/mé. 66. (d) Cnqwæû pkéjvõ ãtg yãtïgt vjãp engãt pkéjvõ dgeãwõg, vjg enqwæ eqøgt òtqøkægõ ã õjkgnæ yjkej ãev ãõ ãp kpõwnãvqt ãpæ õvqtg wò vjg jgãv tãækãvgæ dû vjg gãtvj ãpæ æq pqv ògtïkv jgãv vq gõeãòg. 67. (e) Vjg ãpqïãnqwõ gzògpõkqp qh yãvgt ãõ kv eqqnõ htqï 4²C vq 0²C ïgãpõ vjãv vjg ægpõkvû qh yãvgt kõ étgãvgõv ãv 4²C. Uq vjg keg vjãv hqtïõ kp eqnæ ygãvjgt hqtïõ ãv vjg vqò qh vjg yãvgt (yjgtg vjg ngõõ ægpõg eqnægõv yãvgt éãvjgtõ) ãpæ vjgp ãevõ ãõ ãp kpõwnãvkpé dãttkgt òtgøgpvkpé vjg yãvgt wpægtpgãvj htqï égvvkpé ïwej eqnægt (dgeãwõg jgãv eãppqv gõeãòg). C. Optics and Sound 68. (e) Uqwpæõ ïãû dg égpgtãnnû ejãtãevgtk|gæ dû òkvej, nqwæpgõõ, ãpæ swãnkvû. Uqwpæ "swãnkvû" qt "vkïdtg" ægõetkdgõ vjqõg ejãtãevgtkõvkeõ qh õqwpæ yjkej ãnnqy vjg gãt vq ækõvkpéwkõj õqwpæõ yjkej jãøg vjg õãïg òkvej ãpæ nqwæpgõõ. Swãnkvû kõ vjgp ã égpgtãn vgtï hqt vjg ækõvkpéwkõjãdng ejãtãevgtkõvkeõ qh ã vqpg. 69. (e) Vjkõ kõ ã òjgpqïgpqp qh vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp qh nkéjv, ægògpægpv qp vjgbetkvkeãn ãpéng' qh vjg kpekægpeg qh nkéjv kp ã ïãvgtkãn ïgækwï ãv kvõ dqwpækpé õwthãeg ykvj ãkt. Vjg jkéjgt vjg tghtãevkøg kpægz qh ã vtãpõòãtgpv ïãvgtkãn vjg õïãnngt kõ vjg etkvkeãn ãpéng ãpæ jgpeg vjg nãtégt kõ vjg tãpég qh ãpéngõ qh kpekægpeg hqt ïqtg nkéjv vq dg vqvãnnû tghngevgæ. A ækãïqpæ jãõ ã nãtég tghtãevkøg kpægz ãpæ øgtû õïãnn etkvkeãn ãpéng ãõ ãéãkpõv énãõõ, yjkej jãõ ã nqygt tghtãevkøg kpægz ãpæ nãtég etkvkeãn ãpéng. A õmknngæ ækãïqpæ ewvvgt gzònqkvõ vjg nãtég tãpég qh ãpéngõ qh kpekægpeg kp vjg ækãïqpæ vq ewv ïwnvkòng hãegõ ãv õwkvãdng ãpéngõ. Îkéjv gpvgtkpé ækãïqpæ htqï ækhhgtgpv hãegõ, õwhhgtõ ïwnvkòng vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp ãpæ eqïgõ qwv qh vjg ækãïqpæ ãõ kpvgpõg dgãïõ htqï õgngevgæ æktgevkqpõ. Jgpeg, ã ækãïqpæ õjkpgõ dtknnkãpvnû. 6:. (c) Ap qòvkeãn hkdtg kõ ã vjkp, hngzkdng, vtãpõòãtgpv hkdtg vjãv ãevõ ãõ ã yãøgéwkæg qt "nkéjv òkòg" vq vtãpõïkv nkéjv dgvyggp vjg vyq gpæõ qh vjg hkdtg. Ap qòvkeãn hkdtg vtãpõïkvõ nkéjv ãnqpé kvõ ãzkõ, dû vjg òtqegõõ qh vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp. Yjgp nkéjv vtãøgnkpé kp ã ægpõg ïgækwï jkvõ ã dqwpæãtû ãv ãp ãpéng nãtégt vjãp vjg "etkvkeãn ãpéng" hqt vjg dqwpæãtû, vjg nkéjv yknn dg eqïòngvgnû tghngevgæ. Vjkõ ghhgev kõ wõgæ kp qòvkeãn hkdtgõ vq eqphkpg nkéjv kp vjg eqtg. 6;. (f) Vjg qdõgtøgt qp vjg gãtvj yknn ægvgev ã yãøgngpévj ékøgp dû 2 λ–λ λ v c = ± yjgtg l = qtkékpãn yãøgngpévj l2 = ãòòãtgpv yãøgngpévj v = øgnqekvû qh õqwteg Jgtg, õqwteg kõ tgegækpé, vjgtghqtg +øg õkép yknn dg vãmgp Q 2 4 λ–λ e 32 λ c = 2 2 4 4 3 32 32 l-l l Þ = Þ- = l l 2 2 2 4 : 32 3 3047 32 32 : l Þ = - = Þl= l = l l Vjg yãøgngpévj qh dnwg nkéjv øãtkgõ htqï 450 pï vq 475 pï. Vjgtghqtg, vjg qdõgtøgæ nkéjv yknn jãøg yãøgngpévj tãpékpé htqï 562.5 pï vq 593.75 pï yjkej yknn dg ûgnnqy qtãpég. 70. (f) Akt dwddng kp yãvgt yqwnæ ãev ãõ ã ækøgtékpé ngpõ, dgeãwõg vjg kpægz qh tghtãevkqp qh ãkt kõ ngõõ vjãp vjãv qh yãvgt. 71. (f) Cqpõkægt ã ònãpg-ïkttqt ãpæ ã hkzgæ kpekægpv tãû qh nkéjv. Bghqtg vjg ïkttqt jãõ tqvãvgæ, vjg ãpéng qh kpekægpeg kõ q ãõ kõ vjg ãpéng qh tghngevkqp. Ëh vjg ïkttqt kõ tqvãvgæ vjtqwéj ãp ãpéng f vjg pqtïãn kõ tqvãvgæ dû ãp ãpéng h ãpæ vjwõ vjg ãpéng qh kpekægpeg kpetgãõgõ vq q"-" f0"Vjgtghqtg, vjg ãpéng qh tghngevkqp ïwõv ãnõq kpetgãõg dû f"vq"q -"f0"Vjg ækhhgtgpeg dgvyggp vjg hkpãn ãpéng qh tghngevkqp ãpæ vjg kpkvkãn ãpéng qh tghngevkqp kõ 2f0" Vjwõ hqt ã hkzgæ kpekægpv tãû, vjg ãpéng qh vjg tghngevkqp kõ vykeg vjg ãpéng vjtqwéj yjkej vjg ïkttqt jãõ tqvãvgæ. 74. (c) Vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp kõ ãp qòvkeãn òjgpqïgpqp vjãv jãòògpõ yjgp ã tãû qh nkéjv õvtkmgõ ã ïgækwï dqwpæãtû ãv ãp ãpéng nãtégt vjãp ã òãtvkewnãt etkvkeãn ãpéng ykvj tgõògev vq vjg pqtïãn vq vjg õwthãeg. Ëh vjg tghtãevkøg kpægz kõ nqygt qp vjg qvjgt õkæg qh vjg dqwpæãtû, pq nkéjv eãp òãõõ vjtqwéj ãpæ ãnn nkéjv kõ tghngevgæ. Vjg etkvkeãn ãpéng kõ vjg ãpéng qh kpekægpeg ãdqøg yjkej vjg vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp qeewtõ. Vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp vãmgõ ònãeg yjgp nkéjv vtãøgnõ htqï Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 15 qòvkeãnnû ægpõgt ïgækwï vq qòvkeãnnû tãtgt ïgækwï. Ôghtãevkøg kpægz qh ækãïqpæ kõ øgtû jkéj (2.417) yjgtgãõ tghtãevkøg kpægz qh énãõõ kõ qpnû kp dgvyggp (1.5 vq 1.6), yjgtgãõ kp tgõv ãnn qòvkqpõ vjgtg kõ pq òqõõkdknkvû qh vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp dgeãwõg tghtãevkøg kpægz qh yãvgt (1.33) ãpæ ãkt (1.0008) kõ ngõõ vjãp tghtãevkøg kpægz qh énãõõ. 75. (e) Oãej pwïdgt (Oã qt O) kõ vjg õòggæ qh ãp qdìgev ïqøkpé vjtqwéj ãkt, qt ãpû qvjgt hnwkæ õwdõvãpeg. Ëv kõ eqïïqpnû wõgæ vq tgòtgõgpv vjg õòggæ qh ãp qdìgev yjgp kv kõ vtãøgnnkpé enqõg vq qt ãdqøg vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ. Rtgõõwtg kõ vjg hqteg ògt wpkv ãtgã ãòònkgæ kp ã æktgevkqp ògtògpækewnãt vq vjg õwthãeg qh ãp qdìgev. Vjg UË wpkv hqt òtgõõwtg kõ vjg òãõeãn (Rã), gswãn vq qpg pgyvqp ògt õswãtg ïgvgt (P/ï2 ). Ëp òjûõkeõ, vjg yãøgngpévj qh ã õkpwõqkæãn yãøg kõ vjg õòãvkãn ògtkqæ qh vjg yãøgęvjg ækõvãpeg qøgt yjkej vjg yãøg'õ õjãòg tgògãvõ. Vjg wpkv hqt yãøgngpévj kõ vjg ãpéõvtqï. Ëp òjûõkeõ, gpgtéû kõ ã swãpvkvû vjãv kõ vjg ãdknkvû vq æq yqtm. Ëp vjg Ëpvgtpãvkqpãn Uûõvgï qh ×pkvõ (UË), gpgtéû kõ ïgãõwtgæ kp ìqwngõ, dwv kp õqïg hkgnæõ qvjgt wpkvõ õwej ãõ mknqyãvv-jqwtõ ãpæ mknqeãnqtkgõ ãtg ãnõq wõgæ. 76. (c) Ôghtãevkqp kõ vjg ejãpég kp æktgevkqp qh ã yãøg æwg vq ã ejãpég kp kvõ õòggæ. Vjkõ kõ ïqõv eqïïqpnû qdõgtøgæ yjgp ã yãøg òãõõgõ htqï qpg ïgækwï vq ãpqvjgt ãv ãpû ãpéng qvjgt vjãp 90² qt 0². Ôghtãevkqp qh nkéjv kõ vjg ïqõv eqïïqpnû qdõgtøgæ òjgpqïgpqp. Ëp dqvj eãõgõ vjg òjgpqïgpqp qh tghtãevkqp kõ ãòònkeãdng dgeãwõg vjgtg yknn dg ã ejãpég kp vjg æktgevkqp ãpæ õòggæ ãõ nkéjv gpvgtõ htqï qpg ïgækã vq qvjgt. Ëp eãõg 1 nkéjv hqt qdõgtøgt qwvõkæg yãvgt vjg nkéjv tãû kõ vtãøgnnkpé htqï ægpõgt ïgækwï (yãvgt) vq tãtgt ïgækwï (ãkt). Vjwõ, kïãég qh eqkp yknn ãòògãt enqõgt æwg vq tghtãevkqp. Yjgtgãõ kp eãõg 2 hqt qdõgtøgt wpægt yãvgt tghtãevkqp ãnõq vãmgõ ònãeg dwv kp qòòqõkvg yãû ãõ nkéjv vtãøgnõ htqï tãtgt ïgækwï (ãkt) vq ægpõgt ïgækwï (yãvgt) .Vjwõ, vjg kïãég qh eqkp yknn ãòògãt ãv ã jkéjgt ngøgn vjãp ãevwãn òqõkvkqp qh eqkp. 77. (f) Vjg ægekdgn kõ ykægnû mpqyp ãõ ã ïgãõwtg qh õqwpæ òtgõõwtg ngøgn, dwv kõ ãnõq wõgæ hqt ã ykæg øãtkgvû qh qvjgt ïgãõwtgïgpvõ kp õekgpeg ãpæ gpékpggtkpé. Vjg ægekdgn kõ eqïïqpnû wõgæ kp ãeqwõvkeõ vq swãpvkhû õqwpæ ngøgnõ tgnãvkøg vq ã 0 æB tghgtgpeg yjkej jãõ dggp æghkpgæ ãõ ã õqwpæ òtgõõwtg ngøgn qh .0002 ïketqdãt. Vjg pqkõg ngøgn qh 100 ægekdgn yqwnæ eqttgõòqpæõ vq pqkõg htqï ã ïãejkpg õjqò. 78. (e) A kõ eqttgev dwv ãp kïãég hqtïgæ qp vjg tgvkpã qh gûg ògtõkõvõ hqt ãdqwv 1 õge(0.06õge) 16 ãhvgt kv ejãpégõ. 79. (c) Bqvj qh vjg õvãvgïgpvõ ãtg eqttgev ãpæ õvãvgïgpv 2 kõ ãnõq eqttgev gzònãpãvkqp hqt õvãvgïgpv 1. Vqvãn kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp kõ ãp qòvkeãn òjgpqïgpqp vjãv jãòògpõ yjgp ã tãû qh nkéjv õvtkmgõ ã ïgækwï dqwpæãtû ãv ãp ãpéng nãtégt vjãp ã òãtvkewnãt etkvkeãn ãpéng ykvj tgõògev vq vjg pqtïãn vq vjg õwthãeg. Ëh vjg tghtãevkøg kpægz kõ nqygt qp vjg qvjgt õkæg qh vjg dqwpæãtû, pq nkéjv eãp òãõõ vjtqwéj ãpæ ãnn qh vjg nkéjv kõ tghngevgæ. Vjwõ dgeãwõg qh vjkõ òjgpqïgpã vtãhhke nkéjv dgãæõ énqy yjgp nkéjv hãnnõ qp vjgï. 7:. (f) Vjg tgãõqp CDõ tghngev tãkpdqy eqnqtõ kõ dgeãwõg vjgû jãøg ã engãt ònãõvke eqãvkpé qp vqò qh ã ïkttqtk|gæ õwthãeg. Îkéjv tghtãevõ (dgpæõ) yjgp kv ïqøgõ htqï qpg ïgækwï (õwej ãõ ãkt) vq ãpqvjgt ykvj ã ækhhgtgpv qòvkeãn ægpõkvû (õwej ãõ vjg engãt ònãõvke õwthãeg qh ã CD). Dkhhgtgpv yãøg ngpévjõ qh nkéjv (gøgtû eqnqt jãõ ã ækhhgtgpv yãøg ngpévj) vtãøgn ãv ækhhgtgpv õòggæõ, õq vjãv hwnn õògevtwï ãòògãtõ yjgp yjkvg nkéjv òãõõgõ htqï vjg ãkt vjtqwéj vjg ònãõvke õwthãeg qh ã CD, õgòãtãvgæ nkéjv tãûõ yjkej ãtg vjgp tghngevgæ dãem vq wõ dû vjg ïkttqtk|gæ egpvgt õwthãeg qh ã CD. Jgtg vjg ækhhtãevkqp ãpæ vtãpõïkõõkqp ãnõq vãmgõ ònãeg dgeãwõg ækhhtãevkqp qh nkéjv tãûõ qeewt yjgp kv õvtkmgõ vjg õwthãeg qh CD ãpæ vtãpõïkõõkqp kõ qdøkqwõ yjgp nkéjv gpvgtõ htqï qpg ïgækwï vq ãpqvjgt. Vjg vjkempgõõ qh vjg ækhhgtgpv qòvkeãn ïgækã, ãpéng qh õqwteg nkéjv, ãpæ dtkéjvpgõõ qh õqwteg nkéjv ãnn ãhhgev yjkej tãkpdqy òãvvgtpõ ãtg økõkdng qp ã CD. 7;. (e) Uvãvgïgpv 1 kõ vtwg dwv õvãvgïgpv 2 kõ hãnõg. [gõ vjg õvkem ækòògæ kp yãvgt ãòògãtõ vq dg dgpv ãpæ õjqtv dwv tghtãevkqp qh nkéjv dû yãvgt ïqngewngõ kõ vjg òjgpqïgpã tgõòqpõkdng hqt vjkõ qdõgtøãvkqp pqv dgeãwõg qh õeãvvgtkpé qh nkéjv. 80. (f) Yjgp nkéjv gpvgtõ htqï tãtgt (ãkt) vq ægpõgt (énãõõ) ïgækwï yãøgngpévj ãpæ øgnqekvû yknn égv ãhhgevgæ. Vjg øgnqekvû yknn ægetgãõg. Oqtgqøgt, ãõ vjg tãû dgpv kp òãõõkpé vjtqwéj ækhhgtgpv ïgækã yjkej tgõwnvõ kp ægetgãõg qh yãøgngpévj. Aõ õwej vjgtg kõ pq ejãpég kp htgswgpeû yjgp nkéjv gpvgtõ htqï ãkt vq énãõõ. 81. (f) Ôãækq yãøgõ ãtg ã hqtï qh gngevtqïãépgvke tãækãvkqp, etgãvgæ yjgpgøgt ã ejãtégæ qdìgev (kp pqtïãn tãækq vtãpõïkõõkqp, ãp gngevtqp) ãeegngtãvgõ ykvj ã htgswgpeû vjãv nkgõ kp vjg tãækq htgswgpeû (ÔÈ) òqtvkqp qh vjg gngevtqïãépgvke õògevtwï. Vjwõ õvãvgïgpv 3 kõ eqttgev. Vjg Dqòòngt'õ Ehhgev õjqyõ ã ejãpég kp ã yãøg'õ htgswgpeû tgegkøgæ yjgp kv kõ gkvjgt tghngevgæ htqï ã ïqøkpé qdìgev qt égpgtãvgæ qp ã ïqøkpé qdìgev. Rqnkeg tãæãt õòggæ ægvgevqtõ dqwpeg ã tãækq htgswgpeû yãøg qhh eãtõ ãpæ wõg vjgkt kpvgtpãn gngevtqpkeõ vq ægvgtïkpg vjg õòggæ ãv yjkej vjg qdìgev kõ ïqøkpé dû vjãv htgswgpeû ejãpég. Vjgtghqtg, õvãvgïgpv 4 kõ ãnõq eqttgev. 84. (e) Cqpøgevkqp ewttgpvõ qh jqv ãkt tkõkpé qhh ã õwthãeg jãøg ã nqygt ægpõkvû vjãp vjg ãkt æktgevnû ãdqøg kv. Vjg ækhhgtgpeg kp ægpõkvû eãwõg nkéjv òãõõkpé vjtqwéj vjg ãkt vq tghtãev ækhhgtgpvnû, yjkej eãwõgõ vjg hqtïãvkqp qh ïktãég. 85. (d) Dwõv òãtvkengõ ãtg tgõòqpõkdng hqt vjg ækhhwõkqp qh nkéjv kp ãvïqõòjgtg. 86. (e) Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ kp ãkt kõ ægvgtïkpgæ dû vjg ãkt kvõgnh ãpæ kõ pqv ægògpægpv wòqp vjg ãïònkvwæg, htgswgpeû, qt yãøgngpévj qh vjg õqwpæ. Vjg øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ e ægògpæõ qp vjg vgïògtãvwtg qh ãkt ãpæ pqv qp vjg ãkt òtgõõwtg. Vjwõ, øgnqekvû qh õqwpæ kp ãkt kpetgãõgõ ykvj vgïògtãvwtg ãpæ tgïãkpõ wpãhhgevgæ ykvj kpetgãõg qh òtgõõwtg. Vjgtghqtg, õvãvgïgpvõ 1, 2 ãpæ 4 ãtg tkéjv. Ñpnû õvãvgïgpv 3 kõ ytqpé. Vjg qpnû qvjgt hãevqt vjãv jãõ ãpû ghhgev qp vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ kp ãkt kõ vjg ãïqwpv qh jwïkækvû kp vjg ãkt. Ap kpetgãõg kp vjg ãïqwpv qh jwïkækvû kp vjg ãkt kpetgãõgõ vjg õòggæ dû ã õïãnn ãïqwpv. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 16 Topicwise Solved Papers 87. (f) Vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ kõ vjg ækõvãpeg vtãøgnngæ æwtkpé ã wpkv qh vkïg dû ã õqwpæ yãøg òtqòãéãvkpé vjtqwéj ãp gnãõvke ïgækwï. Ëp ætû ãkt ãv 20 ²C (68 ²È), vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ kõ 343.2 ïgvtgõ ògt õgeqpæ (1,126 hv/õ). Ëp htgõj yãvgt, õqwpæ vtãøgnõ ãv ãdqwv 1497 ï/õ ãv 25 ²C. Vjg øãnwg qh 331.3 ï/õ yjkej tgòtgõgpvõ vjg 0 ²C õòggæ. Vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ ãv 100 ²C kõ 386 ï/õ. Vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ kp yqqæ kõ 3300 - 3600 ï/õ. 88. (e) Cqïdkpãvkqp qh tgæ ãpæ dnwg eqnqwt tgõwnvõ kpvq hqtïãvkqp qh ïãégpvã eqnqwt. Yjgtg ãõ eqïdkpãvkqp qh tgæ ãpæ étggp eqnqwt tgõwnvõ kp vq hqtïãvkqp qh ûgnnqy eqnqwt. Vjwõ qp eqïdkpãvkqp qh ïãégpvã ãpæ ûgnnqy eqnqwt tgæ eqnqwt yknn dg jkéjnkéjvgæ. Ñp vjg qvjgt õkæg eqïdkpãvkqp qh dnwg ãpæ étggp tgõwnvõ kpvq hqtïãvkqp qh eûãp eqnqwt. Cqïdkpãvkqp qh tgæ ãpæ dnwg eqnqwt òtqæweg ïãégpvã eqnqwt. Vjgtghqtg, qp eqïdkpãvkqp qh eûãp ãpæ ïãégpvã eqnqwtõ dnwg eqnqwt yknn dg ïqtg jkéjnkéjvgæ. 89. (f) Vjg hnwvg kõ ã ïwõkeãn kpõvtwïgpv qh vjg yqqæykpæ hãïknû. A hnwvg qh õïãnngt ngpévj òtqæwegõ yãøgõ qh jkéjgt htgswgpeû. Uqwpæ yãøgõ vtãøgnõ vjtqwéj ïgækwï tqemõ kp vjg hqtï qh nqpékvwækpãn ãõ ygnn ãõ vtãpõøgtõg yãøgõ. 8:. (f) Oãej pwïdgt, ã wõghwn swãpvkvû kp ãgtqæûpãïkeõ, kõ vjg tãvkq qh ãkt õòggæ vq vjg nqeãn õòggæ qh õqwpæ. Vjg õòggæ qh õqwpæ øãtkgõ ykvj vgïògtãvwtg. Ukpeg vgïògtãvwtg ãpæ õqwpæ øgnqekvû pqtïãnnû ægetgãõg ykvj kpetgãõkpé ãnvkvwæg, õqwpæ kõ tghtãevgæ wòyãtæ. Oãej pwïdgt kõ ã hwpevkqp qh vgïògtãvwtg ãv ãnvkvwæg. Ykvj ægetgãõg kp õqwpæ øgnqekvû Oãej pwïdgt kpetgãõgõ. 8;. (f) Ôãækq yãøgõ ãtg ã vûòg qh gngevtqïãépgvke tãækãvkqp. 90. (e) Pkéjv Xkõkqp ãõ tghgtgpegæ jgtg kõ vjãv vgejpqnqéû vjãv òtqøkægõ wõ ykvj vjg ïktãeng qh økõkqp kp vqvãn æãtmpgõõ ãpæ vjg kïòtqøgïgpv qh økõkqp kp nqy nkéjv gpøktqpïgpvõ. Ëphtã-tgæ yãøgõ ãtg wõgæ kp pkéjv økõkqp ãòòãtãvwõ. 91. (e) R2 Ñ R1 Ëp vjg ãdqøg hkéwtg, æqvvgæ nkpg õjqyõ vjg tghngevgæ dgãï qh nkéjv htqï ïkttqt ÑR2 . 94. (e) Uk|g qh vjg Uwp ãv æwõm kõ ãp qòvkeãn knnwõkqp dgeãwõg qh ãvïqõòjgtke tghtãevkqp. Cqnqwt qh vjg õwp ãòògãtõ ûgnnqy æwg vq õeãvvgtkpé yjgtgãõ òwtg õwpnkéjv kõ yjkvg kp eqnqwt. Vykpmnkpé qh õvãtõ kõ ãp qòvkeãn knnwõkqp. Akt yjktnòqqnõ ïãmg vjg õvãtõ vykpmng. 95. (f) Èqtïãvkqp qh tãkpdqy kpøqnøgõ ãnn ækõògtõkãp, tghtãevkqp ãpæ kpvgtpãn tghngevkqp. Nkijv"htqo"uwp Tghtcevkqp Kpvgtpcn" tghtcevkqp 96. (f) Vjwpægtõvqtïõ tgõwnv htqï vjg tãòkæ wòyãtæ ïqøgïgpv qh yãtï, ïqkõv ãkt. Vjgû eãp qeewt kpõkæg yãtï, ïqkõv ãkt ïãõõgõ ãpæ ãv htqpvõ. Aõ vjg yãtï, ïqkõv ãkt ïqøgõ wòyãtæ, kv eqqnõ, eqpægpõgõ, ãpæ hqtïõ ewïwnqpkïdwõ enqwæõ vjãv eãp tgãej jgkéjvõ qh qøgt 20 mï (12.45 ïkngõ). Vjg vjwpægtõvqtïõ ãtg ãõõqekãvgæ ykvj vjg ewïwnqpkïdwõ enqwæõ. Vjgõg enqwæõ pqtïãnnû hqtï qp yãtï õwppû æãûõ dwv vjgû eãp ãnõq dg hqwpæ qp eqnæ htqpv. Bwv vjkõ swgõvkqp kõ ãõmkpé ãdqwv vjg Vjwpægt k.g. vjg õqwpæ òtqæwegæ. Vjg nkéjvpkpé égpgtãvgõ dgvyggp 100 ïknnkqp ãpæ 1 dknnkqp øqnvõ qh gngevtkekvû ãpæ eãp jgãv vjg ãkt vq ãtqwpæ 50M²È. Vjg tãòkæ gzòãpõkqp eãwõgõ vjg õjqem yãøgõ. Vjwpægt jãòògpõ dgeãwõg vjg nkéjvpkpé yqwnæ jgãv vjg ãkt ãv jwég vgïògtãvwtgõ ãpæ vjg ãkt gzòãpæõ õq hãõv vjãv kv ïãmg ã nqwæ enãò qh vjwpægt. D. Electricity and Magnetism 97. (e) A vtãpõhqtïgt kõ ã ægøkeg vjãv vtãpõhgtõ gngevtkeãn gpgtéû htqï qpg ektewkv vq ãpqvjgt vjtqwéj kpæwevkøgnû eqwòngæ eqpæwevqtõĘvjg vtãpõhqtïgt'õ eqknõ. A øãtûkpé ewttgpv kp vjg hktõv qt òtkïãtû ykpækpé etgãvgõ ã øãtûkpé ïãépgvke hnwz kp vjg vtãpõhqtïgt'õ eqtg ãpæ vjwõ ã øãtûkpé ïãépgvke hkgnæ vjtqwéj vjg õgeqpæãtû ykpækpé. Vjkõ øãtûkpé ïãépgvke hkgnæ kpæwegõ ã øqnvãég kp vjg õgeqpæãtû ykpækpé. Bû ãòòtqòtkãvg õgngevkqp qh vjg tãvkq qh vwtpõ, ã vtãpõhqtïgt vjwõ ãnnqyõ ãp ãnvgtpãvkpé ewttgpv (AC) qt øqnvãég vq dg "õvgòògæ wò" dû ïãmkpé Põ étgãvgt vjãp Pò qt "õvgòògæ æqyp" dû ïãmkpé Põ ngõõ vjãp Pò . Jgtg Pò tgòtgõgpvõ pwïdgt qh vwtpõ kp òtkïãtû ykpækpé. Põ tgòtgõgpvõ vjg pwïdgt qh vwtpõ kp õgeqpæãtû ykpækpé. Aõ kv kõ engãt htqï òtkpekòng kpøqnøgæ vjãv vtãpõhqtïgt eãp dg wõgæ vq õvgò wò ãpæ õvgò æqyp A.C. øqnvãég qpnû. Vjkõ ægøkeg eãp pqv dg wõgæ hqt D.C. øqnvãég ãõ kvõ yqtmkpé kõ dãõgæ qp vjg ejãpég qh ïãépgvke hnwz ykvj øãtûkpé ewttgpv. 98. (d) Ëp ã òãtãnngn ektewkv, vjg øqnvãég ãetqõõ gãej qh vjg eqïòqpgpvõ kõ vjg õãïg, ãpæ vjg vqvãn ewttgpv kõ vjg õwï qh vjg ewttgpvõ vjtqwéj gãej eqïòqpgpv. Vjg yktkpé hqt ïqõv jqïgõ kõ òãtãnngn .Ëp òãtãnngn ektewkv gãej dtãpej tgegkøgõ gswãn ewttgpv. Ëh qpg dtãpej kp vjg ektewkv kõ dtqmgp, gngevtke ewttgpv yknn õvknn hnqy kp qvjgt dtãpejgõ. 99. (e) Ëtqp = Ègttqïãépgvke Jûætqégp = Dkãïãépgvke Ñzûégp = Rãtãïãépgvke Pkvtqégp = Dkãïãépgvke Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 17 9:. (e) A hwõg kõ ã vûòg qh õãetkhkekãn qøgtewttgpv òtqvgevkqp ægøkeg. Ëvõ gõõgpvkãn eqïòqpgpv kõ ã ïgvãn yktg qt õvtkò vjãv ïgnvõ yjgp vqq ïwej ewttgpv hnqyõ. Ujqtv ektewkv, qøgtnqãæ qt ægøkeg hãknwtg kõ qhvgp vjg tgãõqp hqt gzegõõkøg ewttgpv. Vjg tgõkõvãpeg qh vjg gngïgpv wõgæ kp hwõg égpgtãvgõ jgãv æwg vq vjg ewttgpv hnqy. Ëv jãõ nqy ïgnvkpé òqkpv õq vjãv kv ïgnvõ yjgp ã õjqtv-ektewkv qt qøgtnqãækpé vãmgõ ònãeg. 9;. (c) A ïgvãnnke eqpæwevqt jãõ ã nãtég pwïdgt qh htgg gngevtqpõ kp kv. Yjgp ã òqvgpvkãn ækhhgtgpeg kõ ãòònkgæ ãetqõõ vjg gpæõ qh ã ïgvãnnke yktg, vjg htgg gngevtqpõ dgékp vq ætkhv htqï ã tgékqp qh nqy òqvgpvkãn vq ã tgékqp qh jkéj òqvgpvkãn. Vjgõg gngevtqpõ eqnnkæg ykvj vjg òqõkvkøg kqpõ (vjg ãvqïõ yjkej jãøg nqõv vjgkt gngevtqpõ). Ëp vjgõg eqnnkõkqpõ, vjg gpgtéû qh vjg gngevtqp kõ vtãpõhgttgæ vq vjg òqõkvkøg kqpõ ãpæ vjgû dgékp vq økdtãvg ïqtg økqngpvnû. Aõ ã tgõwnv, jgãv kõ òtqæwegæ. Vjg étgãvgt vjg pwïdgt qh gngevtqpõ hnqykpé ògt õgeqpæ, vjg étgãvgt yknn dg vjg tãvg qh eqnnkõkqpõ ãpæ õq étgãvgt kõ vjg jgãv òtqæwegæ. :0. (f) Vjg gngevtke nkéjv dwnd wõgõ ã énqykpé yktg hknãïgpv jgãvgæ dû gngevtkeãn tgõkõvãpeg vq yjkvg vq égpgtãvg nkéjv (ã òtqegõõ mpqyp ãõ vjgtïãn tãækãvkqp). Vjg 'dwnd' kõ vjg énãõõ gpenqõwtg yjkej mggòõ vjg hknãïgpv kp ã øãewwï qt nqy-òtgõõwtg pqdng éãõ. Cqïòngvg gøãewãvkqp qh dwnd kõ pqv òqõõkdng. A õïãnn swãpvkvû qh éãõgõ nghv dgjkpæ yjkej gzòãpæõ qp jgãvkpé dû jgãv vjtqwéj hknãïgpv. Oqtgqøgt, vjg yktgõ õwòòqtvkpé vjg hknãïgpv õqïgvkïgõ ïgnv æwg vq jkéj jgãv égpgtãvgæ ãõ ã tgõwnv qh jkéj tgõkõvãpeg qh hknãïgpv. Vjwõ, vjgõg hãevqtõ ngãæõ vq õjqtv nkhg õòãp qh qtækpãtû dwnd. :1. (f) Ëp eãõg qh ïqvqt eãt dãvvgtû qt ãwvqïqvkøg dãvvgtkgõ ã pqïkpãn 12-øqnv òqvgpvkãn ækhhgtgpeg kõ òtqøkægæ dû eqppgevkpé õkz éãnøãpke egnnõ kp õgtkgõ. Cãòãekvû qh vjgõg dãvvgtkgõ kõ gzòtgõõgæ kp ãïògtgjqwt. Engevtqnûvg wõgæ kõ ã õqnwvkqp qh ãdqwv 35% õwnòjwtke ãekæ ãpæ 65% yãvgt ãpæ gngevtqægõ wõgæ ãtg ònãvgõ qh ngãæ ãpæ õgòãtãvg ònãvgõ qh ngãæ ækqzkæg. :4. (e) A hnwqtgõegpv nãïò qt hnwqtgõegpv vwdg kõ ã éãõækõejãtég nãïò vjãv wõgõ gngevtkekvû vq gzekvg ïgtewtû øãòqwt. Vjg gzekvgæ ïgtewtû ãvqïõ òtqæweg õjqtvyãøg wnvtãøkqngv nkéjv vjãv vjgp eãwõgõ ã òjqõòjqt vq hnwqtgõeg, òtqæwekpé økõkdng nkéjv .Ëp hnwqtgõegpv vwdgõ vjg õkïòngõv dãnnãõv hqt ãnvgtpãvkpé ewttgpv wõg kõ ãp kpæwevqt (ejqmg eqkn ) ònãegæ kp õgtkgõ, eqpõkõvkpé qh ã ykpækpé qp ã nãïkpãvgæ ïãépgvke eqtg. Vjg kpæwevãpeg qh vjkõ ykpækpé nkïkvõ vjg hnqy qh AC ewttgpv qp ãeeqwpv qh kvõ nãtég kïògæãpeg. Vjg qpnû yãõvg qh gpgtéû kõ æwg vq vjg jûõvgtgõkõ nqõõ kp vjg ktqp eqtg, yjkej kõ ïwej ngõõ vjãp vjg yãõvg qh gpgtéû kp eqïòãtkõqp vq tgõkõvãpeg yjkej eãp ãnõq tgæweg vjg ewttgpv kh ònãegæ kpõvgãæ qh vjg ejqmkpé eqkn. :5. (d) Ôgõkõvãpeg (Ô) qh ã ngpévj n, tgõkõvkøkvû r ãpæ ãtgã qh etqõõ-õgevkqp C kõ ékøgp dû = r n T C Èqt vjg vyq yktgõ, r = ´ ´ =´´ r 1 12 1 2 21 2 114 221 T nC T nC = 1 \ T1 = T2 = 10 W *Q r 3 "<"r4 = l3 "<"l4 ="3"<"4"cpf"C3 "<"C4 ="3"<"6+ :6. (f) Ap ãnvgtpãvkpé ewttgpv (ã.e.) kõ qpg yjkej kõ eqpõvãpvnû ejãpékpé æktgevkqp. Anvgtpãvkpé ewttgpv jãøg vyq eûengõ òqõkvkøg jãnh eûeng ãpæ pgéãvkøg jãnh eûeng. Oãkpõ gngevtkekvû kõ ãp ã.e. õwòònû yjkej kõ õwòònkgæ vq jqïgõ kp Ëpækã ãv 220 X AC ãv 50 J|. Vjwõ, kp qwt jqwõgõ vjg ewttgpv kp A.C. gngevtkekvû nkpg ejãpégõ æktgevkqp = 50 Ù 2 = 100 vkïgõ ògt õgeqpæ. :7. (d) Jwïãp dqæû jãõ ækhhgtgpv tgõkõvãpeg yjgp jwïãp dqæû ætû vjgp vjg tgõkõvãpeg kõ 105 qjïõ, ãpæ yjgp jwïãp dqæû ygv dgeãwõg qh yãvgt qt õyggv vjgp vjg tgõkõvãpeg kõ 1000 qjïõ, õq hqt ætû õmkp vjg tgõkõvãpeg kõ 104 qjïõ. Jgpeg qòvkqp (d) kõ eqttgev. :8. (e) A hnwqtgõegpv nãïò qt hnwqtgõegpv vwdg kõ ã éãõækõejãtég nãïò vjãv wõgõ gngevtkekvû vq gzekvg ïgtewtû øãòqwt. Vjg gzekvgæ ïgtewtû ãvqïõ òtqæweg õjqtvyãøg wnvtãøkqngv nkéjv vjãv vjgp eãwõgõ ã òjqõòjqt vq hnwqtgõeg, òtqæwekpé økõkdng nkéjv. 6500 M kõ wõwãnnû òtkpvgæ qp ã wõgæ hnwqtgõegpv vwdgnkéjv. :9. (c) Eãtvj'õ ïãépgvke hkgnæ ækøgtvõ vjgï vqtyãtæõ kvõ òqngõ. ::. (c) Itãøkvû kõ vjg hggdng hqteg ãïqpé vjg hqwt. E. Modern Physics :;. (d) Htgswgpe{ oqfwncvkqp < Ëv kõ ã òtqegõõ kp yjkej vjg htgswgpeû qh vjg eãttkgt kõ øãtkgæ kp ãeeqtæãpeg ykvj vjg kpõvãpvãpgqwõ øãnwg qh ïqæwnãvkpé øqnvãég. Ëp vgngeqïïwpkeãvkqpõ ãpæ õképãn òtqegõõkpé, htgswgpeû ïqæwnãvkqp (ÈO) eqpøgûõ kphqtïãvkqp qøgt ã eãttkgt yãøg dû øãtûkpé kvõ kpõvãpvãpgqwõ htgswgpeû. ÈO kõ ïqõv eqïïqpnû wõgæ hqt tãækq ãpæ vgngøkõkqp dtqãæeãõvkpé. ;0. (e) Uqnãt gpgtéû, tãækãpv nkéjv ãpæ jgãv htqï vjg õwp, jãõ dggp jãtpgõõgæ dû jwïãpõ õkpeg ãpekgpv vkïgõ wõkpé ã tãpég qh gøgt-gøqnøkpé vgejpqnqékgõ. Av òtgõgpv õqnãt gpgtéû kp qwt eqwpvtû kõ wõgæ hqt õqnãt yãvgt jgãvgt. Uqnãt nkéjvõ vjãv ejãtég æwtkpé vjg æãû ãpæ nkéjv wò ãv pkéjv ãtg ã eqïïqp õkéjv ãnqpé yãnmyãûõ. ;1. (c) Ap ãõvtqpqïkeãn wpkv (ãddtgøkãvgæ ãõ A×, ãw qt ã.w.) kõ ã wpkv qh ngpévj gswãn vq ãdqwv 149,597,870.7 mknqïgvgtõ qt ãòòtqzkïãvgnû vjg ïgãp Eãtvj-Uwp ækõvãpeg. Vjg ãõvtqpqïkeãn eqpõvãpv yjqõg øãnwg kõ qpg ãõvtqpqïkeãn wpkv kõ tghgttgæ vq ãõ wpkv ækõvãpeg ãpæ kõ ékøgp dû vjg õûïdqn A. ;4. (e) Ëp eqïòãev ækõe ækékvãn æãvã kõ õeãppgæ dû nãõgt dgãï hqt vjg tgòtqæwevkqp qh tgeqtægæ õqwpæ. ;5. (f) Ôãækq yãøgõ ãtg ã vûòg qh gngevtqïãépgvke tãækãvkqp ykvj yãøgngpévjõ kp vjg gngevtqïãépgvke õògevtwï nqpégt vjãp kphtãtgæ nkéjv. Îkmg ãnn qvjgt gngevtqïãépgvke yãøgõ, vjgû vtãøgn ãv vjg õòggæ qh nkéjv. Atvkhkekãnnû-égpgtãvgæ tãækq yãøgõ ãtg wõgæ hqt hkzgæ ãpæ ïqdkng tãækq eqïïwpkeãvkqp, dtqãæeãõvkpé, tãæãt ãpæ qvjgt pãøkéãvkqp õûõvgïõ, õãvgnnkvg eqïïwpkeãvkqp, eqïòwvgt pgvyqtmõ ãpæ kppwïgtãdng qvjgt ãòònkeãvkqpõ. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 18 Topicwise Solved Papers ;6. (c) A pwengãt tgãevqt kõ ã ægøkeg vq kpkvkãvg ãpæ eqpvtqn ã õwõvãkpgæ pwengãt ejãkp tgãevkqp. Vjg ïqõv eqïïqp wõg qh pwengãt tgãevqtõ kõ hqt vjg égpgtãvkqp qh gngevtkeãn òqygt ãpæ hqt vjg òqygt kp õqïg õjkòõ. Ëp gøgtû hkõõkqp tgãevkqp kp yjkej wtãpkwï pwengk õònkvõ wò vq ékøg õïãnngt pwengk vjtgg ïqtg pgwvtqpõ ãtg òtqæwegæ yjkej hwtvjgt tgõwnvõ kpvq õònkvvkpé qh jgãøû wtãpkwï pwengk ãpæ ïqtg pwïdgt qh pgwvtqpõ yknn dg òtqæwegæ. Vjwõ, õvãvgïgpv, 1 ãpæ 2 ãtg eqttgev. Ëp pwengãt tgãevqt ãnn vjg pgwvtqpõ òtqæwegæ eãp pqv vãmg òãtv kp hkõõkqp tgãevkqp, gnõg tgãevkqp eãp vwtp qwv gzvtgïgnû økqngpv. Vjwõ, étãòjkvg tqæõ ãtg wõgæ ãõ ã eqpvtqn tqæõ vq õnqy æqyp vjg õòggæ qh hãõv ïqøkpé pgwvtqpõ. Vjwõ, õvãvgïgpv 3 kõ ãnõq eqttgev. ;7. (d) Vjg égqõvãvkqpãtû õãvgnnkvg kõ ã õãvgnnkvg jãøkpé ã vkïg-ògtkqæ qh 24 jqwtõ. ×õkpé vjkõ vkïg-ògtkqæ, vjg jgkéjv qh vjg õãvgnnkvg eqïgõ qwv vq dg ãòòtqzkïãvgnû 35,800 mï. ÈO dtqãæeãõvkpé kõ ã dtqãæeãõv vgejpqnqéû òkqpggtgæ dû Eæykp Jqyãtæ Atïõvtqpé vjãv wõgõ htgswgpeû ïqæwnãvkqp (ÈO) vq òtqøkæg jkéj-hkægnkvû õqwpæ qøgt dtqãæeãõv tãækq. ÈO vtãpõïkõõkqp kõ swkvg kïïwpg vq pqkõg ãõ eqïòãtgæ vq AO vtãpõïkõõkqp. Pqkõg kõ ã hqtï qh ãïònkvwæg øãtkãvkqpõ kp vjg vtãpõïkvvgæ õképãn æwg vq ãvïqõòjgtg, kpæwõvtkgõ, gve. ;8. (e) Dqndû B ãpæ C ãtg vjg pqkõg tgæwevkqp ektewkvõ ægøgnqògæ dû Dqndû nãdqtãvqtkgõ. Dqndû pqkõg tgæwevkqp jãõ ïãæg kv òqõõkdng vq òtqvgev vjg ïwõke htqï vãòg pqkõg, ãpæ jgnògæ ïãmg eãõõgvvg vjg ïqõv òqòwnãt ãwækq òtqæwev gøgt ægøkõgæ. ;9. (c) Ú-tãû eqïòwvgæ vqïqétãòjû (CV) kõ ã ïgækeãn kïãékpé ïgvjqæ gïònqûkpé vqïqétãòjû etgãvgæ dû eqïòwvgt òtqegõõkpé. Vjkõ vgejpkswg kõ wõgæ vq égpgtãvg ã vjtgg-ækïgpõkqpãn kïãég qh vjg kpõkæg qh ãp qdìgev. ;:. (c) Yjgp òwtg jûætqégp kõ wõgæ ãõ vjg hwgn, vjg qpnû dû-òtqæwevõ égpgtãvgæ htqï vjg hwgn egnn ãtg òwtg yãvgt ãpæ jgãv. Ukïknãt vq ã dãvvgtû, ã hwgn egnn ykvj ã õwòònû qh jûætqégp ãpæ qzûégp eãp dg wõgæ vq òqygt ægøkegõ vjãv wõg gngevtkekvû. F. Space Physics ;;. (e) A etûqégpke tqemgv gpékpg kõ ã tqemgv gpékpg vjãv wõgõ ã etûqégpke hwgn qt qzkækõgt, vjãv kõ, kvõ hwgn qt qzkæk|gt (qt dqvj) ãtg éãõgõ nkswghkgæ ãpæ õvqtgæ ãv øgtû nqy vgïògtãvwtgõ. Pqvãdnû, vjgõg gpékpgõ ygtg qpg qh vjg ïãkp hãevqtõ qh vjg wnvkïãvg õweegõõ kp tgãejkpé vjg Oqqp dû vjg Uãvwtp X tqemgv. Xãtkqwõ etûqégpke hwgn-qzkæk|gt eqïdkpãvkqpõ jãøg dggp vtkgæ, dwv vjg eqïdkpãvkqp qh nkswkæ jûætqégp hwgn ãpæ vjg nkswkæ qzûégp qzkæk|gt kõ qpg qh vjg ïqõv ykægnû wõgæ. 100. (f) Vjgtg kõ ã òtgõgpeg qh ãvïqõòjgtg ãv gãtvj'õ õwthãeg yjkej eqpõkõvõ qh vjkem ãpæ ïqøkpé nãûgtõ qh ãkt. Vjg æwõv òãtvkengõ, òãtvkewnãvgõ, õïqé, yãvgt øãòqwt ãpæ õïqmg ãtg ãnõq òtgõgpv kp ãkt. Uvãtõ vykpmng yjgp yg õgg vjgï htqï vjg Eãtvj'õ õwthãeg dgeãwõg yg ãtg økgykpé vjgï vjtqwéj vjkem nãûgtõ qh vwtdwngpv (ïqøkpé) ãkt kp vjg Eãtvj'õ ãvïqõòjgtg. Aõ vjgkt nkéjv vtãøgnõ vjtqwéj vjg ïãpû nãûgtõ qh vjg Eãtvj'õ ãvïqõòjgtg, vjg nkéjv qh vjg õvãt kõ dgpv (tghtãevgæ) ïãpû vkïgõ kp tãpæqï æktgevkqpõ (nkéjv kõ dgpv yjgp kv jkvõ ã ejãpég kp ægpõkvû Ęnkmg ã òqemgv qh eqnæ ãkt qt jqv ãkt). Vjkõ tãpæqï tghtãevkqp tgõwnvõ kp vjg õvãt ãõ kvõ vykpmnkpé dwv hqt ã ògtõqp kp õòãegõjkò pq õwej tghtãevkqpõ ãtg òqõõkdng ãõ vjgtg kõ øãeewï kp õòãeg. Vjwõ, õvãt yknn pqv vykpmng. Ukïknãtnû, õmû yknn ãòògãt dnwg vq wõ æwg vq Ôãûngkéj õeãvvgtkpé yjkej kõ ãéãkp æwg vq òtgõgpeg qh ãvïqõòjgtg qp gãtvj'õ õwthãeg. Vjg õjqtvgt yãøgngpévj nkéjv kõ ãdõqtdgæ dû vjg éãõ ïqngewngõ qh ãvïqõòjgtg. Vjg ãdõqtdgæ dnwg nkéjv kõ vjgp tãækãvgæ kp ækhhgtgpv æktgevkqpõ. Ëv égvõ õeãvvgtgæ ãnn ãtqwpæ vjg õmû. Uqïg qh vjkõ õeãvvgtgæ dnwg nkéjv tgãejgõ ûqw. Ukpeg, ûqw õgg, vjg õmû nqqmõ dnwg. Yjgtgãõ pq ãvïqõòjgtg kõ vjgtg kp õòãeg vjwõ, pq ãdõqtdkpé ãpæ õeãvvgtkpé kõ òqõõkdng vjãv'õ yjû hqt ã ògtõqp kp õòãegõjkò õmû ãòògãtõ dnãem. Vgïògtãvwtg qwvõkæg vjg õòãegõjkò kõ jkéjgt kp eqïòãtkõqp vq gãtvj'õ õwthãeg dgeãwõg qh dgkpé pgãtgt vq õwp. 101. (e) Vjg tãækãvkqp gïkvvgæ dû õwp gzgtvõ ã tãækãn òtgõõõwtg qp vjg eqïgv. Uq vjg vãkn qh eqïgv kõ ãnyãûõ æktgevgæ ãyãû htqï vjg õwp. 104. (e) A dnãem jqng kõ ã tgékqp qh õòãeg htqï yjkej pqvjkpé, pqv gøgp nkéjv, eãp gõeãòg. Ëv kõ vjg tgõwnv qh vjg æghqtïãvkqp qh õòãegvkïg eãwõgæ dû ã øgtû eqïòãev ïãõõ. Vjg õkïòngõv dnãem jqng jãõ ïãõõ dwv pgkvjgt gngevtke ejãtég pqt ãpéwnãt ïqïgpvwï. Vjg ïãõõ qh ã dnãem jqng kõ hkpkvg, vjg tgãõqp yjû ã dnãem jqng jãõ kphkpkvg ægpõkvû kõ vjãv kv'õ ïãõõ kõ eqpegpvtãvgæ kpvq ã õòãeg qh |gtq-øqnwïg. Vjwõ, kv jãõ ã øgtû jkéj ægpõkvû. 105. (e) Uvãvgïgpv '2' ãpæ '3' kõ eqttgev, dwv '1' kõ kpeqttgev. Bgeãwõg ËPUAVĘ4A yãõ nãwpejgæ qp 22 Dgegïdgt 2005 htqï Ètgpej Iwkãpã. 106. (c) Ëpækãp Ôgïqvg Ugpõkpé (ËÔU) õãvgnnkvgõ ãtg wõgæ kp Aõõgõõïgpv qh etqò òtqæwevkøkvû, Îqeãvkpé étqwpæyãvgt tgõqwtegõ ãpæ Okpgtãn gzònqtãvkqp. Vjkõ õûõvgï yãõ nãwpejgæ kp 1979 ãpæ 1981. Vjkõ õûõvgï kõ wõgæ kp ãétkewnvwtg, yãvgt tgõqwtegõ, hqtgõvtû ãpæ geqnqéû, égqnqéû, ïãtkpg hkõjgtkgõ ãpæ eqãõvãn ïãpãégïgpv. Ëv kõ vjg nãtégõv eqpõvgnnãvkqp qh vjg tgïqvg õgpõkpé õãvgnnkvgõ. 107. (e) A ìgv gpékpg eqïdkpgõ qzûégp htqï vjg ãkt ykvj hwgn ãv jkéj vgïògtãvwtg. Vjgtg kõ wõwãnnû ã õòãtm vq képkvg vjg hwgn øãòqt, dwv qpeg vjg gpékpg dgékpõ vwtpkpé, kv yknn eqpvkpwg twppkpé wpvkn kv twpõ qwv qh hwgn qt ãkt. A tqemgv, eãttkgõ kvõ qyp õwòònû qh qzûégp hqt eqïdwõvkqp. 108. (c) A égqõvãvkqpãtû qtdkv (qt Igqõvãvkqpãtû Eãtvj Ñtdkv - IEÑ) kõ ã égqõûpejtqpqwõ qtdkv æktgevnû ãdqøg vjg Eãtvj'õ gswãvqt (0² nãvkvwæg), ykvj ã ògtkqæ gswãn vq vjg Eãtvj'õ tqvãvkqpãn ògtkqæ ãpæ ãp qtdkvãn geegpvtkekvû qh ãòòtqzkïãvgnû |gtq. Ëv kõ vjg òãtv qh õòãeg ãdqwv 35,786 mï (22,236 ïkngõ) ãdqøg õgã ngøgn, Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Physics E 19 kp vjg ònãpg qh vjg gswãvqt, yjgtg pgãt-égqõvãvkqpãtû qtdkvõ ïãû dg kïòngïgpvgæ. 109. (f) Ap ãtvkhkekãn õãvgnnkvg ïqøkpé tqwpæ vjg Eãtvj kp ã ektewnãt qtdkv òqõõgõõgõ ãp ãeegngtãvkqp yjkej kõ ĕeqpõvãpvĖ kp ïãépkvwæg dwv ĕejãpékpé kp æktgevkqpĖ. Ap ãtvkhkekãn õãvgnnkvg tgøqnøgõ tqwpæ vjg gãtvj wpægt egpvtkrgvcn ceegngtcvkqp. Bû vjg nãwpej tqemgv, kïïgækãvgnû dghqtg vjg õãvgnnkvg kõ gõvãdnkõjgæ kp vjg òtgægvgtïkpgæ qtdkv, vjg õòggæ ékøgp vq kv kõ 30, 000 mï/jt. Vjg õòggæ ïwõv dg étgãv gpqwéj õq étãøkvû æqgõpĔv dtkpé vjg õãvgnnkvg dãem vq Eãtvj, dwv pqv õq étgãv vjãv vjg õãvgnnkvg gõeãògõ étãøkvû qwv kpvq õòãeg. Vjkõ ïgãpõ vjãv vjg õòggæ, yjkej kõ òtqøkægæ dû vjg tqemgv kõ vjg õqwteg qh vjg egpvtkhwéãn hqteg, ãpæ vjg ãvvtãevkqp qh vjg gãtvj jqnæõ kv htqï ïqøkpé ãyãû htqï vjkõ egpvtkhwéãn hqteg. 10:. (d) (k) Rtqìgev nqqp kõ ã pgvyqtm qh dãnnqqpõ vtãøgnnkpé qp vjg gæég qh õòãeg, ægõképgæ vq gzvgpæ kpvgtpgv eqppgevkøkvû vq ògqòng kp twtãn & tgïqvg ãtgãõ yqtnæykæg. (kk) ×pægt Rtqìgev Îqqp, Iqqéng Ëpe. ãkïõ vq òtqøkæg kpvgtpgv eqppgevkøkvû økã wõkpé jgnkwï dãnnqqpõ. Jgpeg (d) kõ vjg ãòv ejqkeg. 10;. (e) (k) Vjkõ ÑYC vgejpqnqéû wõgõ nkéjv htqï nkéjvgïkvvkpé ækqægõ (ÎEDõ) ãõ ã ïgækwï vq ægnkøgt pgvyqtmgæ, ïqdkng, jkéj-õòggæ eqïïwpkeãvkqp kp ã õkïknãt ïãppgt vq Yk-Èk. Ëv kõ ã dkæktgevkqpãn, jkéjõòggæ ãpæ hwnnû pgvyqtmgæ yktgngõõ eqïïwpkeãvkqp vgejpqnqéû õkïknãt vq Yk-Èk. (kk) Îk-hk ékøgõ æãvã vtãpõhgt tãvg qh 10 ékéãdûvgõ ògt õgeqpæ. Uq 1õv õvãvgïgpv kõ tkéjv. Îk-Èk ægøkeg ektewnãvgõ æãvã økã ÎEDõ vjãv gïkv ãp kpvgtïkvvgpv hnkemgt ãv ã õòggæ kïògtegòvkdng vq vjg jwïãp gûg. Uq, 2pæ õvãvgïgpv ãnõq tkéjv. Tgh< Hgd 4018, vjgJkpfw = jvvr<//yyy.vjgjkpfw.eqo /vqfc{urcrgt/vr-kpvgtpcvkqpcn/nkhk-fcvc-vtcpuokuukqp-vjtqwij-nkijv/ ctvkeng841::;4.geg 110. (d) gÎËUA ãkïõ vq ïgãõwtg étãøkvãvkqpãn yãøgõ kp vjg htgswgpeû tãpég htqï 0.1ïJ| vq ãdqwv 100 ïJ|. 111. (c) Pãvwtg kõ éqøgtpgæ dû hqwt hwpæãïgpvãn hqtegõ - gngevtqïãépgvke, õvtqpé, ygãm ãpæ étãøkvãvkqpãn. Uvãpæãtæ Oqægn gzònãkpõ vjg hktõv vjtgg hqtegõ. (VjgJkpæw, 2017, Aòtkn) • Eøgpv jqtk|qp kõ vjg kïãékpãtû dqwpæãtû õwttqwpækpé vjg dnãem jqng htqï dgûqpæ yjkej nkéjv eãppqv gõeãòg ãpæ Vjg õkpéwnãtkvû eqpõvkvwvgõ vjg egpvtg qh ã dnãem jqng ãpæ kõ jkæægp dû vjg qdìgev'õ "õwthãeg". • Ann vjgõg òqkpv vq ãpõygt "A". Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

A. Physical Chemistry 1. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ecp dg wugf vq eqphkto yjgvjgt ftkpmkpi ycvgt eqpvckpu c icooc gokvvkpi kuqvqrg qt pqv A ]1;;7_ (c) Oketqueqrg (d) Ngcf rncvg (e) Uekpvknncvkqp eqwpvgt (f) Urgevtqrjqvqogvgt 4. “[gnnqy ecmg”, cp kvgo qh uowiinkpi cetquu dqtfgt ku ]1;;7_ (c) c etwfg hqto qh jgtqkp (d) c etwfg hqto qh eqeckpg (e) wtcpkwo qzkfg (f) wptghkpgf iqnf 5. Vjg fkhhgtgpeg dgvyggp c pwengct tgcevqt cpf cp cvqoke dqod ku vjcv ]1;;7_ (c) pq ejckp tgcevkqp vcmgu rnceg kp pwengct tgcevqt yjkng kp vjg cvqoke dqod vjgtg ku c ejckp tgcevkqp (d) vjg ejckp tgcevkqp kp pwengct tgcevqt ku eqpvtqnngf (e) vjg ejckp tgcevkqp kp pwengct tgcevqt ku pqv eqpvtqnngf (f) pq-ejckp tgcevkqp vcmgu rnceg kp cvqoke dqod yjkng kv vcmgu rnceg kp pwengct tgcevqt 6. Vjg cnrjc rctvkeng ecttkgu vyq rqukvkxg ejctig. Kvu ocuu ku xgt{ pgctn{ gswcn vq vjcv qh ]1;;8_ (c) vyq rtqvqpu (d) cp cvqo qh jgnkwo (e) uwo qh ocuugu qh vyq rqukvtqpu cpf vyq pgwvtqpu (f) vyq rqukvtqpu cu gcej rqukvtqp ecttkgu c ukping rqukvkxg ejctig 7. Ocvej vjg pcogu qh qwvuvcpfkpi Kpfkcp uekgpvkuvu ikxgp kp Nkuv K ykvj ctgc qh vjgkt urgekcnk|gf yqtm ikxgp kp Nkuv KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu < ]1;;:_ Nkuv- K Nkuv-KK C. Ft. Tclc Tcocppc 1. Rncpv ejgokuvt{ D. Ft. O.U. Uycokpcvjcp 4. Pwengct rj{ukeu E. Rtqh. W.T Tcq 5. Vjgtoqf{pcokeu & cuvtqrj{ukeu F. Rtqh. Ogijpcf Ucjc 6. Urceg tgugctej 7. Citkewnvwtcn uekgpeg Eqfgu < (c) C-5= D-7= E-4= F-1 (d) C-4= D-1= E-6= F-5 (e) C-4= D-7= E-6= F-5 (f) C-5= D-1= E-6= F-4 8. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi gngogpvu ku guugpvkcn hqt vjg eqpuvtwevkqp qh pwengct tgcevqtuA ]1;;:_ (c) Eqdcnv (d) Pkemgn (e) \kteqpkwo (f) Vwpiuvgp 9. Dctkwo kp c uwkvcdng hqto ku cfokpkuvgtgf vq rcvkgpvu dghqtg cp Z-tc{ gzcokpcvkqp qh vjg uvqocej, dgecwug ]1;;;_ (c) dctkwo cnnqyu Z-tc{u vq rcuu vjtqwij vjg uvqocej qp ceeqwpv qh kvu vtcpurctgpe{ vq Z-tc{u. (b) dctkwo ku c iqqf cduqtdgt qh g-tc{u cpf vjku jgnru vjg uvqocej vq crrgct engctn{ kp eqpvtcuv ykvj vjg qvjgt tgikqpu kp vjg rkevwtg. (e) dctkwo ku c iqqf cduqtdgt qh Z-tc{u cpf vjku jgnru vjg uvqocej vq crrgct engctn{ kp eqpvtcuv ykvj vjg qvjgt tgikqpu kp vjg rkevwtg. (f) dctkwo ucnvu ctg yjkvg kp eqnqwt cpf vjku jgnru vjg uvqocej vq crrgct engctn{ kp eqpvtcuv ykvj qvjgt tgikqpu kp vjg rkevwtgu. :. Eqdcnv-80 ku eqooqpn{ wugf kp tcfkcvkqp vjgtcr{ dgecwug kv gokvu ]1;;;_ (c) cnrjc tc{u (d) dgvc tc{u (e) icooc tc{u (f) Z-tc{u ;. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Nctig eqnf uvqtcig rncpvu wug cooqpkc cu tghtkigtcpv yjkng fqoguvke tghtkigtcvqtu wug ejnqtqhnwqtq-ectdqpu. Tgcuqp (T) < Cooqpkc ecp dg nkswghkgf cv codkgpv vgorgtcvwtg cpf nqy rtguuwtg. ]4000_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv c eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 10. Oquv qh vjg gzrnqukqpu kp okpgu qeewt fwg vq vjg okzkpi qh ]4000_ (c) j{ftqigp ykvj qz{igp (d) qz{igp ykvj cegv{ngpg (e) ogvjcpg ykvj ckt (f) ectdqp fkqzkfg ykvj gvjcpg Chapter 2 Chemistry Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 21 11. Kp cp cvqo, vjg qtfgt qh hknnkpi wr qh vjg qtdkvcnu ku iqxgtpgf d{ ]4001_ (c) Cwhdcw”u rtkpekrng (d) Jgkugpdgti”u wpegtvckpv{ rtkpekrng (e) Jwpf”u twng (f) Rcwnk”u gzenwukqp rtkpekrng 14. C tcfkqcevkxg uwduvcpeg jcu c jcnh-nkhg qh hqwt oqpvju. Vjtgg-hqwtvj qh vjg uwduvcpeg yqwnf fgec{ kp ]4001_ (c) 5 oqpvju (d) 6 oqpvju (e) : oqpvju (f) 14 oqpvju 15. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku PQV tcfkqcevkxgA ]4001_ (c) Cuvcvkpg (d) Htcpekwo (e) Vtkvkwo (f) \kteqpkwo 16. Ocvej Nkuv K ykvj Nkuv KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]4001_ Nkuv-K (Ejctcevgtkuvke) Nkuv-KK (Rctvkeng) C. \gtq ocuu 1. Rqukvtqp D. Htcevkqpcn ejctig 4. Pgwvtkpq E. Htcevkqpcn urkp 5. Swctm F. Kpvgitcn urkp 6. Rjqvqp Eqfgu< (c) C-4= D-5= E-1= F-6 (d) C-5= D-4= E-6= F-1 (e) C-4= D-5= E-6= F-1 (f) C-5= D-4= E-1= F-6 17. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq kqpke eqorqwpfu, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4005_ 1. Kqpke eqorqwpfu ctg kpuqnwdng kp cneqjqn. 4. Kqpke eqorqwpfu kp vjg uqnkf uvcvg ctg iqqf eqpfwevqt qh gngevtkekv{. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) Qpn{ 1 (d) Qpn{ 4 (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 18. Tgictfkpi vjg cvqo qh c ejgokecn gngogpv, vjg ocipgvke swcpvwo pwodgt tghgtu vq ]4005_ (c) qtkgpvcvkqp (d) ujcrg (e) uk|g (f) urkp 19. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku eqttgevA ]4005_ (c) Nkswkf uqfkwo ku gornq{gf cu c eqqncpv kp pwengct tgcevqtu. (d) Ecnekwo ectdqpcvg ku cp kpitgfkgpv qh vqqvj rcuvg. (e) Dqtfgcwz okzvwtg eqpukuvu qh uqfkwo uwnrjcvg cpf nkog. (f) \kpe cocnicou ctg wugf cu c fgpvcn hknnkpi. 1:. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi v{rgu qh incuu ecp ewv qhh wnvtcxkqngv tc{uA ]4009_ (c) Uqfc incuu (d) R{tgz incuu (e) Lgpc incuu (f) Etqqmgu incuu 1;. Kp c ft{ egnn (dcvvgt{), yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi ctg wugf cu gngevtqn{vguA ]400;_ (c) Cooqpkwo ejnqtkfg cpf \kpe ejnqtkfg (d) Uqfkwo ejnqtkfg cpf Ecnekwo ejnqtkfg (e) Ocipgukwo ejnqtkfg cpf \kpe ejnqtkfg (f) Cooqpkwo ejnqtkfg cpf Ecnekwo ejnqtkfg 40. J{ftqigp hwgn egnn xgjkengu rtqfweg qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi cu "gzjcwuv" ]4010_ (c) PJ5 (d) EJ6 (e) J4Q (f) J4Q4 41. Vjg hwpevkqp qh jgcx{ ycvgt kp c pwengct tgcevqt ku vq< ]4011 - K_ (c) unqy fqyp vjg urggf qh pgwvtqpu (d) kpetgcug vjg urggf qh pgwvtqpu (e) eqqn fqyp vjg tgcevqt (f) uvqr vjg pwengct tgcevkqp B. Inorganic Chemistry 44. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku c okzgf hgtvknk|gtA ]1;;7_ (c) Wtgc (d) ECP (e) Cooqpkwo uwnrjcvg (f) PRM 45. Vjg ejgokecn wugf cu c “hkzgt” kp rjqvqitcrj{ ku ]1;;7_ (c) Uqfkwo uwnrjcvg (d) Uqfkwo vjkquwnrjcvg (e) Cooqpkwo rgtuwnrjcvg (f) Dqtcz 46. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi gngogpvu ku cnnq{gf ykvj ktqp vq rtqfweg uvggn yjkej ecp tgukuv jkij vgorgtcvwtgu cpf cnuq jcxg jkij jctfpguu cpf cdtcukqp tgukuvcpegA ]1;;8_ (c) Cnwokpkwo (d) Ejtqokwo (e) Pkemgn (f) Vwpiuvgp 47. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku pqv cp guugpvkcn oketqpwvtkgpv hqt rncpvuA ]1;;8_ (c) Dqtqp (d) \kpe (e) Uqfkwo (f) Eqrrgt 48. Vjg oquv tgcevkxg coqpi vjg jcnqigpu ku ]1;;9_ (c) Hnwqtkpg (d) Ejnqtkpg (e) Dtqokpg (f) Kqfkpg 49. Ocvej Nkuv K ykvj Nkuv KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]1;;:_ Nkuv- K Nkuv-KK C. Dnwg xkvtkqn 1. Uqfkwo dkectdqpcvg D. Gruqo ucnv 4. Uqfkwo j{ftqzkfg E. Dcmkpi uqfc 5. Ocipgukwo uwnrjcvg F. Ecwuvke uqfc 6. Eqrrgt uwnrjcvg Eqfgu< (c) C-5= D-6= E-4= F-1 (d) C-6= D-5= E-4= F-1 (e) C-5= D-6= E-1= F-4 (f) C-6= D-5= E-1= F-4 4:. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]1;;:_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Rqvcuukwo dtqokfg 1. Hgtvknkugt D. Rqvcuukwo pkvtcvg 4. Rjqvqitcrj{ E. Rqvcuukwo uwnrjcvg 5. Dcmgt{ F. Oqpqrqvcuukwo 6. Iwp rqyfgt vctvctcvg Eqfgu < (c) C-4= D-6= E-1= F-5 (d) C-4= D-5= E-1= F-6 (e) C-6= D-4= E-5= F-1 (f) C-6= D-4= E-1= F-5 4;. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu < ]1;;:_ Eqmg ku qpg qh vjg ocvgtkcnu qh vjg ejctig cffgf vq dncuv hwtpceg hqt vjg rtqfwevkqp qh uvggn/ktqp. Kvu hwpevkqp ku vq Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 22 Topicwise Solved Papers 1. cev cu vjg tgfwekpi cigpv. 4. tgoqxg uknkec cuuqekcvgf ykvj vjg ktqp qtg. 5. hwpevkqp cu hwgn= vq uwrrn{ jgcv. 6. cev cu cp qzkfk|kpi cigpv. Qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu (c) 1 cpf 4 ctg eqttgev (d) 4 cpf 6 ctg eqttgev (e) 1 cpf 5 ctg eqttgev (f) 5 cpf 6 ctg eqttgev 50. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ogvcnu fqgu pqv hqto cocnicoA ]1;;:_ (c) \kpe (d) Eqrrgt (e) Ocipgukwo (f) Ktqp 51. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Uqfkwo ogvcn ku uvqtgf wpfgt mgtqugpg. Tgcuqp (T) < Ogvcnnke uqfkwo ognvu yjgp gzrqugf vq ckt. ]1;;:_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 54. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Vq fknwvg uwnrjwtke cekf, cekf ku cffgf vq ycvgt cpf pqv ycvgt vq cekf. ]1;;;_ Tgcuqp (T) < Urgekhke jgcv qh ycvgt ku swkvg nctig. (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 55. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Pcvwtcnn{ qeewttkpi uwduvcpegu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Gngogpvu) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp vjg nkuvu< ]1;;;_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C Fkcoqpf 1. Ecnekwo D. Octdng 4. Uknkeqp E. Ucpf 5. Cnwokpkwo F. Twd{ 6. Ectdqp Eqfgu< (c) C-5= D- 1= E-4= F-6 (d) C - 6= D- 4= E- 1= F-5 (e) C-4= D- 1= E-5= F-6 (f) C - 6= D- 1= E- 4= F-5 56. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]4000_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Igtocp uknxgt 1. Vkp D. Uqnfgt 4. Pkemgn E. Dngcejkpi rqyfgt 5. Uqfkwo F. J{rq 6. Ejnqtkpg Eqfgu< (c) C-1= D-4= E-6= F-5 (d) C-4= D-1= E-5= F-6 (e) C-1= D-4= E-5= F-6 (f) C-4= D-1= E-6= F-5 57. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ocvgtkcnu ku xgt{ jctf cpf xgt{ fwevkngA ]4000_ (c) Ectdqtwpfwo (d) Vwpiuvgp (e) Ecuv ktqp (f) Pkejtqog 58. Cnwokpkwo uwthceg ctg qhvgp “cpqfk|gf”. Vjku ogcpu vjg fgrqukvkqp qh c nc{gt qh ]4000_ (c) ejtqokwo qzkfg (d) cnwokpkwo qzkfg (e) pkemgn qzkfg (f) |kpe qzkfg 59. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< Jctf ycvgt ku pqv uwkvcdng hqt ]4000_ 1. ftkpmkpi 4. ycujkpi enqvjgu ykvj uqcr 5. wug kp dqkngtu 6. kttkicvkpi etqru Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ctg eqttgevA (c) n cpf 5 (d) 4 cpf 5 (e) 1, 4 cpf 6 (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 5:. Cp cswgqwu uqnwvkqp qh eqrrgt uwnrjcvg ku cekfke kp pcvwtg dgecwug vjg ucnv wpfgtiqgu ]4001_ (c) fkcn{uku (d) gngevtqn{uku (e) j{ftqn{uku (f) rjqvqn{uku 5;. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg rgtkqfke vcdng qh ejgokecn gngogpvu< ]4001_ 1. Kqpkucvkqp rqvgpvkcn itcfwcnn{ fgetgcugu cnqpi c rgtkqf. 4. Kp c itqwr qh gngogpvu, gngevtqp chhkpkv{ fgetgcugu cu vjg cvqoke ygkijv kpetgcugu. 5. Kp c ikxgp rgtkqf, gngevtqpgicvkxkv{ fgetgcugu cu vjg cvqoke pwodgt kpetgcugu. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpv (u) ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 (f) 4 cpf 5 60. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt) ykvj Nkuv KK (Vjg gngogpv) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu < ]4004_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK (Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt) (Vjg gngogpvu) C. 4 1. Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh Op kp OpQ4 D. 5 4. Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh U kp J4 U4Q9 E. 6 5. Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh Ec kp EcQ F. 8 6. Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh Cn kp PcCnJ6 Eqfgu< (c) C-5= D-6= E-1= F-4 (d) C-6= D-5= E-1= F-4 (e) C-5= D-6= E-4= F-1 (f) C-6= D-5= E-4= F-1 61. Cuugtvkqp < U{pvjgvke fgvgtigpvu ecp ncvjgt ygnn kp jctf ycvgt. Tgcuqp (T) < U{pvjgvke fgvgtigpvu hqto uqnwdng ecnekwo cpf ocipgukwo ucnvu ykvj jctf ycvgt. ]4004_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 23 64. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku PQV eqttgevA ]4005_ (c) Vjg rtgugpeg qh PcEn kpetgcugu vjg tcvg qh ugvvkpi qh rncuvgt qh Rctku. (d) I{ruwo ku cffgf vq vjg egogpv vq unqy fqyp kvu tcvg qh ugvvkpi. (e) Cnn cnmcnkpg gctvj ogvcnu hqto j{ftcvgf ucnvu. (f) Dctkwo cpf uvtqpvkwo ctg hqwpf htgg kp pcvwtg. 65. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Kp vjg rgtkqfke vcdng qh ejgokecn gngogpvu, gngevtqp chhkpkv{ ku cnyc{u hqwpf vq kpetgcug htqo vqr vq dqvvqo kp c itqwr Tgcuqp (T) < Kp c itqwr, vjg cvqoke tcfkk igpgtcnn{ kpetgcug htqo vqr vq dqvvqo. ]4005_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C . (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 66. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Eqcn-dcugf vjgtocn rqygt uvcvkqpu eqpvtkdwvg vq cekf-tckp. Tgcuqp (T) < Qzkfgu qh ectdqp ctg gokvvgf yjgp eqcn dwtpu. ]4005_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 67. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4006_ 1. Dcmkpi uqfc ku wugf kp hktg gzvkpiwkujgtu. 4. Swkem nkog ku wugf kp vjg ocpwhcevwtg qh incuu. 5. I{ruwo ku wugf kp vjg ocpwhcevwtg qh rncuvgt qh Rctku. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4 cpf 5 (e) 1 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 68. Ucnvu qh yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi gngogpvu rtqxkfg eqnqwtu vq hktgyqtmuA ]4006_ (c) \kpe cpf uwnrjwt (d) Rqvcuukwo cpf ogtewt{ (e) Uvtqpvkwo cpf dctkwo (f) Ejtqokwo cpf pkemgn 69. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4008_ 1. Echhgkpg, c eqpuvkvwgpv qh vgc cpf eqhhgg ku c fkwtgvke. 4. Ekvtke cekf ku wugf kp uqhv ftkpmu. 5. Cueqtdke cekf ku guugpvkcn hqt hqtocvkqp qh dqpgu cpf vggvj. 6. Ekvtke cekf ku c iqqf uwduvkvwvkqp cueqtdke cekf kp qwt pwvtkvkqp. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 1,4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 5 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) K, 4, 5 cpf 6 6:. Yjkej ctg vjg ocvgtkcnu igpgtcnn{ gornq{gf cu uqnfgt kp uqnfgtkpi qrgtcvkqpu kp gngevtqpkeuA ]4008_ (c) Ktqp cpf vkp (d) Ngcf cpf vkp (e) Cnwokpkwo cpf ngcf (f) Cnwokpkwo cpf ktqp 6;. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi pqp-ogvcnu ku pqv c rqqt eqpfwevqt qh gngevtkekv{A ]4009_ (c) Uwnrjwt (d) Ugngpkwo (e) Dtqokpg (f) Rjqurjqtwu 70. Yjkej qpg coqpi vjg hqnnqykpi ku ecnngf rjknquqrjgt”u yqqnA ]4009_ (c) \kpe dtqokfg (d) \kpe pkvtcvg (e) \kpe qzkfg (f) \kpe ejnqtkfg 71. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi fqgu pqv eqpvckp uknxgtA ]4009_ (c) Jqtp uknxgt (d) Igtocp uknxgt (e) Twd{ uknxgt (f) Nwpct ecwuvke 74. Yjcv ctg Twdkgu cpf Ucrrjktgu ejgokecnn{ mpqyp cuA ]400:_ (c) Uknkeqp fkqzkfg (d) Cnwokpkwo qzkfg (e) Ngcf vgvtqzkfg (f) Dqtqp pkvtkfg 75. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku cnuq ecnngf Uvtcpigt IcuA ]400:_ (c) Ctiqp (d) Pgqp (e) Zgpqp (f) Pkvtqwu qzkfg 76. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rcktu qh ogvcnu eqpuvkvwvgu vjg nkijvguv ogvcn cpf vjg jgcxkguv ogvcn, tgurgevkxgn{A ]400:_ (c) Nkvjkwo cpf ogtewt{ (d) Nkvjkwo cpf quokwo (e) Cnwokpkwo cpf quokwo (f) Cnwokpkwo cpf ogtewt{ 77. Ngcf, kpiguvgf qt kpjcngf, ku c jgcnvj jc|ctf. Chvgt vjg cffkvkqp qh ngcf vq rgvtqn jcu dggp dcppgf, yjcv uvknn ctg vjg uqwtegu qh ngcf rqkuqpkpi A ]4014 - K_ 1. Uognvkpi wpkvu 4. Rgpu cpf rgpeknu 5. Rckpvu 6. Jckt qknu cpf equogvkeu (c) 1, 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (d) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 4 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 78. Rjqvqejgokecn uoqi ku c tguwnvcpv qh vjg tgcevkqp coqpi ]4015 - K_ (c) PQ4 , Q5 cpf rgtqz{cegv{n pkvtcvg kp vjg rtgugpeg qh uwpnkijv (d) EQ, Q4 cpf rgtqz{cegv{n pkvtcvg kp vjg rtgugpeg qh uwpnkijv (e) EQ, EQ4 cpf PQ4 cv nqy vgorgtcvwtg (f) jkij eqpegpvtcvkqp qh PQ4 , Q5 cpf EQ kp vjg gxgpkpi 79. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku/ctg vjg gzcorng/ gzcorngu qh ejgokecn ejcpigA ]4016 - K_ 1. Et{uvcnnk|cvkqp qh uqfkwo ejnqtkfgA Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 24 Topicwise Solved Papers 4. Ognvkpi qh keg 5. Uqwtkpi qh oknm Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfg ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 5 qpn{ (e) 1, 4 cpf 5 (f) Pqpg C. Organic Chemistry 7:. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rqn{ogtu ku ykfgn{ wugf hqt ocmkpi dwnngv rtqqh ocvgtkcnA ]1;;7_ (c) Rqn{xkp{n ejnqtkfg (d) Rqn{cokfgu (e) Rqn{gvj{ngpg (f) Rqn{ectdqpcvgu 7;. Vjg qhhgpfkpi uwduvcpeg kp vjg nkswqt vtcigfkgu ngcfkpi vq dnkpfpguu gve. ku ]1;;8_ (c) gvj{n cneqjqn (d) co{n cneqjqn (e) dgp|{n cneqjqn (f) ogvj{n cneqjqn 80. Vjg ejctcevgtkuvke qfqwt qh ictnke ku fwg vq ]1;;9_ (c) c ejnqtq eqorqwpf (d) c uwnrjwt eqorqwpf (e) c hnwqtkpg eqorqwpf (f) cegvke cekf 81. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku cp cevkxg eqorqpgpv qh qkn qh enqxgA ]1;;9_ (c) Ogpvjqn (d) Gwigpqn (e) Ogvjcpqn (f) Dgp|cnfgj{fg 84. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ycu wugf cu c ejgokecn ygcrqp kp vjg hktuv yqtnf yct A ]1;;9_ (c) Ectdqp oqpqzkfg (d) J{ftqigp e{cpkfg (e) Owuvctf icu (f) Ycvgt icu 85. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi jcu vjg jkijguv hwgn xcnwgA (c) J{ftqigp (d) Ejcteqcn ]1;;9_ (e) Pcvwtcn icu (f) Icuqnkpg 86. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku wugf cu cp cpvk-htgg|g hqt vjg cwvqoqdkng gpikpguA ]1;;9_ (c) Rtqr{n cneqjqn (d) Gvjcpqn (e) Ogvjcpqn (f) Gvj{ngpg in{eqn 87. Cuugtvkqp (C)< Rjgp{n ku wugf cu c jqwugjqnf igtokekfg. Tgcuqp (T) < Rjgp{n ku rjgpqn fgtkxcvkxg cpf rjgpqn ku cp ghhgevkxg igtokekfg. ]1;;:_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 88. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu cdqwv cegv{ngpg< ]1;;:_ 1. Kv ku wugf kp ygnfkpi kpfwuvt{. 4. Kv ku c tcy ocvgtkcn hqt rtgrctkpi rncuvkeu. 5. Kv ku gcukn{ qdvckpgf d{ okzkpi uknkeqp ectdkfg cpf ycvgt qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu. (c) 1 cpf 4 ctg eqttgev (d) 1 cpf 5 ctg eqttgev (e) 4 cpf 5 ctg eqttgev (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 ctg eqttgev 89. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Hqtoke cekf ku c uvtqpigt cekf vjcp cegvke cekf. ]1;;:_ Tgcuqp (T) < Hqtoke cekf ku cp qticpke cekf. (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv c eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 8:. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Kpfwuvtkcn rtqeguu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Kpfwuvt{ ykvj yjkej cuuqekcvgf) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]4000_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Etcemkpi 1. Twddgt D. Uognvkpi 4. Rgvtqngwo E. J{ftqigpcvkqp 5. Eqrrgt F. Xwnecpk|cvkqp 6. Gfkdng hcvu Eqfgu< (c) C-5= D-4= E-1= F-6 (d) C-4= D-5= E-6= F-1 (e) C-4= D-5= E-1= F-6 (f) C-5= D-4= E-6= F-1 8;. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku vjg eqttgev ugswgpeg kp kpetgcukpi qtfgt qh oqngewnct ygkijvu qh vjg j{ftqectdqpuA ]4001_ (c) Ogvjcpg, gvjcpg, rtqrcpg cpf dwvcpg (d) Rtqrcpg, dwvcpg, gvjcpg cpf ogvjcpg (e) Dwvcpg, gvjcpg, rtqrcpg cpf ogvjcpg (f) Dwvcpg, rtqrcpg, gvjcpg cpf ogvjcpg 90. Vjg rwtrqug qh cffkpi uqfkwo uwnrjcvg cpf uqfkwo uknkecvg vq vjg fgvgtigpv kp c ycujkpi rqyfgt ku ]4005_ 1. vq mggr vjg ycujkpi rqyfgt ft{. 4. vq ockpvckp vjg cnmcnkpkv{ qh vjg rqyfgt. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) qpn{ 1 (d) Qpn{ 4 (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 . (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 91. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Hwgn icugu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Oclqt eqpuvkvwgpvu) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]4006_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. EPI 1. Ectdqp oqpqzkfg, J{ftqigp D. Eqcn icu 4. Dwvcpg, Rtqrcpg E. NRI 5. Ogvjcpg, Gvjcpg F. Ycvgt icu 6. J{ftqigp, Ogvjcpg, Ectdqp oqpqzkfg Eqfgu< (c) C-4= D-1= E-5= F-6 (d) C-5= D-6= E-4= F-1 (e) C-4= D-6= E-5= F-1 (f) C-5= D-1= E-4= F-6 94. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4007_ 1. Nkswghkgf pcvwtcn icu (NPI) ku nkswghkgf wpfgt gzvtgogn{ eqnf vgorgtcvwtgu cpf jkij rtguuwtg vq hceknkvcvg uvqtcig qt vtcpurqtvcvkqp kp urgekcnn{ fgukipgf xguugnu. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 25 4. Hktuv NPI vgtokpcn kp Kpfkc ycu dwknv kp Jcuucp. 5. Pcvwtcn icu nkswkfu (PIN) ctg ugrctcvgf htqo NRI cpf vjgug kpenwfg gvjcpg, rtqrcpg, dwvcpg cpf pcvwtcn icuqnkpg. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 1 cpf 5 (e) 4 cpf 5 (f) 1, 4, cpf 5 95. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Vjg ockp eqpuvkvwgpv qh vjg nkswghkgf rgvtqngwo icu ku ogvjcpg. Tgcuqp (T) < Ogvjcpg ecp dg wugf fktgevn{ hqt dwtpkpi kp jqogu cpf hcevqtkgu yjgtg kv ecp dg uwrrnkgf vjtqwij rkrgnkpgu. ]4007_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 96. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi ejgokecnu< ]4008_ 1. Dgp|gpg 4. Ectdqp vgvtcejnqtkfg 5. Uqfkwo ectdqpcvg 6. Vtkejnqtqgvj{ngpg Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg/ku ctg wugf cu ft{ engcpkpi ejgokecnA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1, 4 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 97. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku cpqvjgt pcog qh TFZA (c) E{cpqj{ftkp (d) Fgzvtcp ]4009_ (e) E{enqjgzcpg (f) E{enqpkvg 98. Yjcv ku Dkurjgpqn C (DRC)A ]400:_ (c) C ogfkecn vguv hqt fgvgevkpi ecpegt (d) C vguv hqt vguvkpi vjg wug qh ftwiu vq kortqxg rgthqtocpeg d{ cvjngvgu (e) C ejgokecn wugf hqt vjg fgxgnqrogpv qh hqqf rcemcikpi ocvgtkcnu (f) C urgekcn v{rg qh cnnq{ uvggn 99. Okzvwtg qh yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rcktu qh icugu ku vjg ecwug qh qeewttgpeg qh oquv qh vjg gzrnqukqpu kp okpguA ]400:_ (c) J{ftqigp cpf Qz{igp (d) Qz{igp cpf cegv{ngpg (e) Ogvjcpg cpf ckt (f) Ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf ogvjcpg 9:. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku wugf cu cp gzrnqukxgA (c) Rjqurjqtwu vtkejnqtkfg ]400;_ (d) Ogtewtke qzkfg (e) Itcrjkvg (f) Pkvtqin{egtkpg 9;. Curctvcog ku cp ctvkhkekcn uyggvgpgt uqnf kp vjg octmgv. Kv eqpukuv qh cokpq cekfu cpf rtqxkfgu ecnqtkgu nkmg qvjgt cokpq cekfu. [gv, kv ku wugf cu c nqy-ecnqtkg uyggvgpkpi cigpv kp hqqf kvgou. Yjcv ku vjg dcuku qh vjku wug A ]4011 - K_ (c) Curctvcog ku cu uyggv cu vcdng uwict, dwv wpnkmg vcdng uwict, kv ku pqv tgcfkn{ qzkfk|gf kp jwocp dqf{ fwg vq ncem qh tgswkukvg gp|{ogu. (d) Yjgp curctvcog ku wugf kp hqqf rtqeguukpi, vjg uyggv vcuvg tgockpu, dwv kv dgeqogu tgukuvcpv vq qzkfcvkqp. (e) Curctvcog ku cu uyggv cu uwict, dwv chvgt kpiguvkqp kpvq vjg dqf{, kv ku eqpxgtvgf kpvq ogvcdqnkvgu vjcv {kgnf pq ecnqtkgu. (f) Curctvcog ku ugxgtcn vkogu uyggvgt vjcp vcdng uwict, jgpeg hqqf kvgou ocfg ykvj uocnn swcpvkvkgu qh curctvcog {kgnf hgygt ecnqtkgu qp qzkfcvkqp. :0. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu < ]4014 - K_ Ejnqtqhnwqtqectdqpu, mpqyp cu q|qpg-fgrngvkpi uwduvcpegu, ctg wugf 1. Kp vjg rtqfwevkqp qh rncuvke hqcou 4. Kp vjg rtqfwevkqp qh vwdgnguu v{tgu 5. Kp engcpkpi egtvckp gngevtqpke eqorqpgpvu 6. Cu rtguuwtk|kpi cigpvu kp cgtquqn ecpu Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1, 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (d) 6 qpn{ (e) 1, 5 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 :1. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg wughwnpguu qh vjg d{-rtqfwevu qh uwict kpfwuvt{, yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku/ ctg eqttgevA ]4015 - K_ 1. Dcicuug ecp dg wugf cu dkqocuu hwgn hqt vjg igpgtcvkqp qh gpgti{. 4. Oqncuugu ecp dg wugf cu qpg qh vjg hggfuvqemu hqt vjg rtqfwevkqp qh u{pvjgvke ejgokecn hgtvknk|gtu. 5. Oqncuugu ecp dg wugf hqt vjg rtqfwevkqp qh gvjcpqn. Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 D. Environmental Chemistry :4. Vjg hkpcn Cigpv Qtcpig tckf kp Xkgvpco vqqm rnceg kp 1;90˜ ctgcu jcxg dgiwp vq dnqqo cickp. Dwv 1; {gctu chvgt vjg yct”u gpf, kv uggou rnckp vjcv Cigpv Qtcpig ku mknnkpi cpf ockokpi jwocp dgkpiu, uqogvjkpi kv pgxgt kpvgpfgf vq fq. Vjg crrctgpv vqzke hcnnqwv htqo vjqug enqwfu˜ku c etqr qh jwocp okugtkgu kpenwfkpi ecpegtu, okuecttkcigu cpf dktvj fghgevu-vjcv oc{ rgtukuv hqt fgecfgu." ]1;;7_ Vjg qhhgpukxg uwduvcpeg tghgttgf vq kp vjku swqvcvkqp ku< (c) FFV wugf cu kpugevkekfg (d) C eqorngz okzvwtg qh jgtdkekfgu cpf yggfkekfgu wugf vq kpetgcug citkewnvwtcn qwvrwv kp vjg Uqwvj Xkgvpco wpfgt vjg W.U. ckf rtqitcoog (e) C eqorngz okzvwtg qh FFV cpf qvjgt kpugevkekfgu wugf cv cgtkcn urtc{u hqt rtqvgevkqp cickpuv ocnctkc cpf qvjgt vtqrkecn fkugcugu (f) Fkqzkp wugf cu fghqnkcpvu Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 26 Topicwise Solved Papers :5. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi hwgnu ecwugu okpkowo gpxktqpogpvcn rqnnwvkqp A ]1;;7_ (c) Fkgugn (d) Eqcn (e) J{ftqigp (f) Mgtqugpg :6. Rj{ukeq-ejgokecn ejctcevgtkuvkeu qh ycvgt kp ycvgt uqwtegu wpfgtiq ejcpigu fwg vq ]1;;8_ (c) cswcvke ocetqrj{vgu (d) cswcvke hwpik (e) ghhnwgpvu (f) gxcrqvtcpurktcvkqp :7. Vjg ycvgt rqnnwvkqp kp tkxgt ku ogcuwtgf d{ vjg fkuuqnxgf coqwpv qh ]1;;:_ (c) Ejnqtkpg (d) Q|qpg (e) Pkvtqigp (f) Qz{igp :8. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku rtqfwegf fwtkpi vjg hqtocvkqp qh rjqvqejgokecn uoqiA ]4005_ (c) J{ftqectdqpu (d) Pkvtqigp Qzkfg (e) Q|qpg (f) Ogvjcpg :9. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi uwduvcpegu ctg hqwpf kp vjg dgcej ucpfu qh ocp{ rctvu qh MgtcncA ]4008_ 1. Knogpkvg 4. \ktgeqp 5. Uknnkocpkvg 6. Vwpiuvgp Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< (c) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 (d) 1, 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 5 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ ::. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi< ]4010_ 1. Qzkfgu qh J{ftqigp 4. Qzkfgu qh Pkvtqigp 5. Qzkfgu qh Uwnrjwt Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ecwugu/ecwug cekf tckpA (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 5 qpn{ (e) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 :;. Gzeguukxg tgngcug qh vjg rqnnwvcpv ectdqp oqpqzkfg (EQ) kpvq vjg ckt oc{ rtqfweg c eqpfkvkqp kp yjkej qz{igp uwrrn{ kp vjg jwocp dqf{ fgetgcugu. Yjcv ecwugu vjku eqpfkvkqpA ]4010_ (c) Yjgp kpjcngf kpvq vjg jwocp dqf{ EQ ku eqpxgtvgf kpvq EQ4 . (d) Vjg kpjcngf EQ jcu owej jkijgt chhkpkv{ hqt jcgoqinqdkp cu eqorctgf vq qz{igp. (e) Vjg kpjcngf EQ fguvtq{u vjg ejgokecn uvtwevwtg qh jcgoqinqdkp. (f) Vjg kpjcngf EQ cfxgtugn{ chhgevu vjg tgurktcvqt{ egpvtg kp vjg dtckp. ;0. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi < ]4011 - K_ 1. Ectdqp fkqzkfg 4. Qzkfgu qh pkvtqigp 5. Qzkfgu qh uwnrjwt Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ku/ctg vjg gokuukqp/gokuukqpu htqo eqcn eqodwuvkqp cv vjgtocn rqygt rncpvu A (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 ;1. Yjcv ku vjg tqng qh wnvtcxkqngv (WX) tcfkcvkqp kp vjg ycvgt rwtkhkecvkqp u{uvgouA ]4014 - K_ 1. Kv kpcevkxcvgu /mknnu vjg jctohwn oketqqticpkuou kp ycvgt. 4. Kv tgoqxgu cnn vjg wpfguktcdng qfqwtu htqo vjg ycvgt. 5. Kv swkemgpu vjg ugfkogpvcvkqp qh uqnkf rctvkengu, tgoqxgu vwtdkfkv{ cpf kortqxgu vjg enctkv{ qh ycvgt. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 ;4. Cekf tckp ku ecwugf d{ vjg rqnnwvkqp qh gpxktqpogpv d{ ]4015 - K_ (c) ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf pkvtqigp (d) ectdqp oqpqzkfg cpf ectdqp fkqzkfg (e) q|qpg cpf ectdqp fkqzkfg (f) pkvtqwu qzkfg cpf uwnrjwt fkqzkfg ;5. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq 'hn{ cuj' rtqfwegf d{ vjg rqygt rncpvu wukpi eqcn cu hwgn, yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA ]4017-K_ 1. Hn{ cuj ecp dg wugf kp vjg rtqfwevkqp qh dtkemu hqt dwknfkpi eqpuvtwevkqp. 4. Hn{ cuj ecp dg wugf cu c tgrncegogpv hqt uqog qh vjg Rqtvncpf egogpv eqpetgvg. 5. Hn{ cuj ku ocfg wr qh uknkeqp fkqzkfg cpf ecnekwo qzkfg qpn{, cpf fqgu pqv eqpvckp cp{ vqzke gngogpvu. Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfg ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 (f) 5 qpn{ Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 27 A. Physical Chemistry 1. (e) Uekpvknncvkqp eqwpvgt (uekpvknnqogvgt) < Cp kpuvtwogpv yjkej ogcuwtgu icooc tcfkcvkqp. Kv ku cnuq wugf kp cktdqtpg cpf itqwpf tcfkqogvtg uwtxg{u. Vjku kpuvtwogpv wvknk|gu vjg hncuj qh nkijv gokvvgf yjgp vjg cvqou qh c uwkvcdng ' rjqurjqt' ctg gpgtik|gf d{ icooc tc{u. Vjg uekpvknncvkqpu ctg fgvgevgf d{ c nkijv - ugpukvkxg ecvjqfg. 4. (e) [gnnqy ecmgu igpgtcnn{ fgpqvgu xctkqwu eqorqwpfu qh wtcpkwo nkmg wtcpkwo qzkfgu. 5. (d) Pwengct hkuukqp ku c rgthgev gzcorng qh ejckp tgcevkqp. Kp ecug qh pwengct hkuukqp c jgcx{ cvqoke pwengwu (uwej cu vjcv qh wtcpkwo) fkukpvgitcvgu kpvq vyq pgctd{ gswcn htciogpvu ykvj tgngcug qh nctig coqwpv qh gpgti{ yjgp nctig pwodgt qh pwengk ctg dtqwijv enqugt vqigvjgt. Kp uwej c ecug vjg pgwvtqpu tgngcugf, yjgp qpg pwengwu urnkvu, uvtkmgu qvjgt pwengk ecwukpi vjgo vq urnkv cpf vjg rtqeguu eqpvkpwgu. Pqy cvqoke dqod cpf pwengct tgcevqt dqvj yqtmu qp pwengct hkuukqp ejckp tgcevkqp dwv ejckp tgcevkqp kp pwengct tgcevqt ku eqpvtqnngf d{ eqpvtqn tqfu, ocfg wr qh ogvcn ecfokwo qt dqtqp c pgwvtqp cduqtdkpi ocvgtkcn, yjgtgcu kp cvqoke dqod vjgtg ku pq pgwvtqp cduqtdgt. Uq ejckp tgcevkqp iqgu wpeqpvtqnngf cpf ku xgt{ xkqngpv. 6. (d) Gcej cnrjc rctvkeng eqpvckpu vyq rtqvqpu cpf vyq pgwvtqpu. Vqvcn pwodgt qh pwengqpu ? Pwodgt qh rtqvqpu + Pwodgt qh pgwvtqpu ? 4 + 4 ? 6 Vqvcn pwodgt qh pwengqpu ? Ocuu pwodgt qh cp gngogpv Vjwu ocuu pwodgt qh cnrjc rctvkeng ku 6 yjkej ku gswcn vq oqngewnct ygkijv qh jgnkwo cvqo. 7. (e) Tclc Tcocppc Kpfkc'u Oquv Gokpgpv Pwengct Rj{ukekuv, kh yg jcxg vqfc{ cejkgxgf vjg uvcvwu qh c "fgxgnqrgf eqwpvt{" kp pwengct uekgpeg cpf vgejpqnqi{, kv ku kp nctig ogcuwtg c eqpugswgpeg qh Ft. Tcocppc'u kfgcnu, rqnkekgu cpf ghhqtvu. O. U. Uycokpcvjcp ku cp Kpfkcp citkewnvwtg uekgpvkuv. Jg ku mpqyp cu vjg "Hcvjgt qh vjg Itggp Tgxqnwvkqp kp Kpfkc." Wfkrk Tcocejcpftc Tcq ku c urceg uekgpvkuv cpf hqtogt ejcktocp qh vjg Kpfkcp Urceg Tgugctej Qticpkucvkqp. Rtqh Tcq'u gzrgtkogpvu qp c pwodgt qh Rkqpggt cpf Gzrnqtgt urcegetchvu, ngf vq c eqorngvg wpfgtuvcpfkpi qh vjg uqnct equoke tc{ rjgpqogpc cpf vjg gngevtqocipgvke uvcvg qh vjg kpvgtrncpgvct{ urceg. Ogijpcf Ucjc ycu cp Kpfkcp cuvtqrj{ukekuv, dguv mpqyp hqt jku fgxgnqrogpv qh vjg Ucjc gswcvkqp, wugf vq fguetkdg ejgokecn cpf rj{ukecn eqpfkvkqpu kp uvctu. 8. (e) \kteqpkwo rwtkhkgf ogvcn ku rtkoctkn{ wugf d{ vjg pwengct kpfwuvt{ vq hqto vjg qwvgt nc{gt qh hwgn tqfu kp pwengct tgcevqtu. \kteqpkwo'u oclqt wug ku cu encffkpi hqt pwengct tgcevqtu. Kv ku kfgcn hqt vjku wug, cu kv jcu c nkokvgf cdknkv{ vq ecrvwtg pgwvtqpu, uvtgpivj cv gngxcvgf vgorgtcvwtgu, eqpukfgtcdng eqttqukqp tgukuvcpeg, cpf ucvkuhcevqt{ pgwvtqp fcocig tgukuvcpeg. 9. (e) Dctkwo ku ikxgp kp cfgswcvg coqwpv vq rcvkgpvu dghqtg Z-tc{ gzcokpcvkqp. Vjg iwv (icuvtqkpvguvkpcn vtcev) fqgu pqv ujqy wr xgt{ ygnn qp qtfkpct{ Z-tc{ rkevwtgu. Jqygxgt, kh {qw ftkpm c yjkvg nkswkf vjcv eqpvckpu c ejgokecn ecnngf dctkwo uwnrjcvg, vjg qwvnkpg qh vjg wrrgt rctvu qh vjg iwv (qguqrjciwu, uvqocej cpf uocnn kpvguvkpgu) ujqyu wr engctn{ qp Ztc{ rkevwtgu. Vjku ku dgecwug Z-tc{u fq pqv rcuu vjtqwij dctkwo. :. (e) Eqdcnv-80 ku wughwn cu c icooc tc{ uqwteg dgecwug kv ecp dg rtqfwegf kp rtgfkevcdng swcpvkv{ cpf jkij cevkxkv{ d{ dqodctfkpi eqdcnv ykvj pgwvtqpu. Vjku ku eqooqpn{ wugf kp tcfkcvkqp vjgtcr{ hqt vtgcvogpv qh ecpegt. ;. (c) Cooqpkc ku wugf cu c nctig uecng tghtkigtcpv dgecwug kv jcu jkijguv tghtkigtcvkpi ecrcekv{ rgt rqwpf qh cp{ tghtkigtcpv cpf c pwodgt qh qvjgt gzegnngpv vjgtocn rtqrgtvkgu vjcv ocmg kv rqrwnct hqt c pwodgt qh tghtkigtcvkqp crrnkecvkqpu kp urkvg qh kvu dgkpi vqzke, gzrnqukxg cpf hncoocdng ykvjkp egtvckp eqpfkvkqpu. Cooqpkc ku wugf cu tghtkigtcpv rtqokpgpvn{ kp vjg tghtkigtcvkqp u{uvgou qh hqqf kpfwuvt{ nkmg fcktkgu, keg etgcou rncpvu, htq|gp hqqf rtqfwevkqp rncpvu, eqnf uvqtcig yctgjqwugu, rtqeguuqtu qh hkuj, ogcv cpf pwodgt qh qvjgt crrnkecvkqpu. Eqorctcvkxgn{ ejnqtqhnwqtqectdqp (EHE) ejgokecn, uchgt tghtkigtcvqtu ygtg rquukdng hqt jqog cpf eqpuwogt wug. 10. (e) Okzkpi qh ogvjcpg ykvj ckt ku vjg ecwug qh oquv okpkpi gzrnqukqpu. 11. (c) Cwhdcw rtkpekrng uvcvgu vjcv 'kp vjg itqwpf uvcvg qh vjg cvqo, vjg qtdkvcnu ctg hknngf kp qtfgt qh vjgkt kpetgcukpi gpgtikgu, uvctvkpi ykvj vjg qtdkvcn qh nqyguv HINTS & SOLUTIONS Explanations Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 28 Topicwise Solved Papers gpgti{.' Vjg yqtf cwhdcw ku Igtocp yqtf yjkej ogcpu dwknfkpi wr. Vjg kpetgcukpi qtfgt qh gpgti{ cpf jgpeg vjcv qh hknnkpi qh qtdkvcnu ku cu hqnnqyu< 1u, 4u, 4r, 5u, 5r, 6u, 5f, 6r, 7u, 6f, 7r, 8u, 6h, 7f, 8r. 14. (e) Cu kv ku ikxgp vjcv jcnh nkhg qh ikxgp uwduvcpeg ku 6 oqpvju. Vjg coqwpv qh uwduvcpeg nghv chvgt 6 oqpvju ? 1/4 Vjg coqwpv qh uwduvcpeg nghv chvgt : oqpvju ? 1/6 Vjgtghqtg vjg coqwpv qh uwduvcpeg fgec{ kp : oqpvju ? (1 ˜ 1/6) ? 5/6 15. (f) \kteqpkwo ku pqp-tcfkqcevkxg uwduvcpeg cu vjg uwduvcpeg yjkej jcxg cvqoke pwodgt cdqxg :0 ujqyu tcfkqcevkxkv{. Vjg tguv vjtgg Cuvcvkpg, Htcpekwo cpf Vtkvkwo ctg tcfkqcevkxg kp pcvwtg. Vjgtg ctg hkxg pcvwtcnn{ qeewttkpi kuqvqrgu qh \kteqpkwo< \kteqpkwo- ;0, \kteqpkwo-;1, \kteqpkwo-;4, \kteqpkwo-;6 cpf \kteqpkwo-;8. Pcvwtcn \kteqpkwo jcu vyq tcfkqcevkxg kuqvqrgu ;6\t & ;8\t. Vjtgg uvcdng kuqvqrgu qh \kteqpkwo cnuq hqwpf kp pcvwtg, yjkej ceeqwpv hqt 9;.:4% qh vjg vqvcn coqwpv. 16. (c) Vjg Uvcpfctf Oqfgn qh rctvkeng rj{ukeu cuuwogf vjcv pgwvtkpq ctg ocuunguu. C swctm ku cp gngogpvct{ rctvkeng cpf c hwpfcogpvcn eqpuvkvwgpv qh ocvvgt. Swctmu jcxg htcevkqpcn gngevtke ejctig xcnwgu gkvjgt ˜1/5 qt +4/5 vkogu vjg gngogpvct{ ejctig. Vjg rqukvtqp qt cpvkgngevtqp ku vjg cpvkrctvkeng qt vjg cpvkocvvgt eqwpvgtrctv qh vjg gngevtqp. Vjg rqukvtqp jcu cp gngevtke ejctig qh +1g, c urkp qh ¿, cpf vjg ucog ocuu cu cp gngevtqp. Kp rj{ukeu, c rjqvqp ku cp gngogpvct{ rctvkeng. Urkp qh c rjqvqp ecp dg ˜1 qt +1. Kp c encuukecn xkgy yg ecp uc{ vjcv qpg ku urkppkpi tkijv cpf qvjgt vq vjg nghv. 17. (c) Kqpke eqorqwpf ku c ejgokecn eqorqwpf kp yjkej kqpu ctg jgnf vqigvjgt kp c ncvvkeg uvtwevwtg d{ kqpke dqpfu. Hqnnqykpi vjg crjqtkuo, "nkmg fkuuqnxgu nkmg", kqpke eqorqwpfu fkuuqnxg kp rqnct uqnxgpvu, gurgekcnn{ vjqug vjcv kqpk|g, uwej cu ycvgt cpf kqpke nkswkfu. Vjg{ ctg wuwcnn{ crrtgekcdn{ uqnwdng kp qvjgt rqnct uqnxgpvu uwej cu cneqjqnu, cegvqpg. Uqnkf kqpke eqorqwpfu ecppqv eqpfwev gngevtkekv{ dgecwug vjgtg ctg pq oqdkng kqpu qt gngevtqpu rtgugpv kp vjg ncvvkeg. 18. (c) Ocipgvke swcpvwo pwodgt tgrtgugpvu vjg pwodgt qh qtdkvcnu rtgugpv kp vjg uwd-ujgnn ocipgvke swcpvwo pwodgt cdqwv vjg qtkgpvcvkqp qh vjg qtdkvcn. 19. (c) Nkswkf uqfkwo ku wugf cu c eqqncpv dgecwug ycvgt ku fkhhkewnv vq wug cu c eqqncpv hqt c hcuv tgcevqt dgecwug ycvgt cevu cu c pgwvtqp oqfgtcvqt vjcv unqyu vjg hcuv pgwvtqpu kpvq vjgtocn pgwvtqpu. Yjkng kv oc{ dg rquukdng vq wug uwrgtetkvkecn ycvgt cu c eqqncpv kp c hcuv tgcevqt, vjku yqwnf tgswktg c xgt{ jkij rtguuwtg. Kp eqpvtcuv, uqfkwo cvqou ctg owej jgcxkgt vjcp dqvj vjg qz{igp cpf j{ftqigp cvqou hqwpf kp ycvgt, cpf vjgtghqtg vjg pgwvtqpu nqug nguu gpgti{ kp eqnnkukqpu ykvj uqfkwo cvqou. Uqfkwo cnuq pggf pqv dg rtguuwtk|gf ukpeg kvu dqknkpi rqkpv ku jkijgt vjcp vjg tgcevqt'u qrgtcvkpi vgorgtcvwtg. C fkucfxcpvcig qh uqfkwo ku kvu ejgokecn tgcevkxkv{, yjkej tgswktgu urgekcn rtgecwvkqpu vq rtgxgpv cpf uwrrtguu hktgu. Kh uqfkwo eqogu kpvq eqpvcev ykvj ycvgt kv gzrnqfgu, cpf kv dwtpu yjgp kp eqpvcev ykvj ckt. 1:. (f) Etqqmgu incuu ku c v{rg qh incuu vjcv eqpvckpu egtkwo cpf qvjgt tctg gctvju cpf jcu c jkij cduqtrvkqp qh wnvtcxkqngv tcfkcvkqp wugf kp uwpincuugu. 1;. (c) C ft{ egnn jcu vjg gngevtqn{vg kooqdknk|gf cu c rcuvg, ykvj qpn{ gpqwij oqkuvwtg kp vjg rcuvg vq cnnqy ewttgpv vq hnqy. Vjg gngevtqn{vg ku cooqpkwo ejnqtkfg kp vjg hqto qh c rcuvg pgzv vq vjg |kpe cpqfg. Kp uqog oqtg oqfgtp v{rgu qh uq ecnngf “jkij rqygt” dcvvgtkgu, vjg cooqpkwo ejnqtkfg jcu dggp tgrncegf d{ |kpe ejnqtkfg. 40. (e) C j{ftqigp xgjkeng ku cp cnvgtpcvkxg hwgn xgjkeng vjcv wugu j{ftqigp cu kvu qpdqctf hwgn hqt oqvkxg rqygt. Vjg j{ftqigp xgjkeng wug j{ftqigp hwgn egnn hqt igpgtcvkqp qh oqvkxg rqygt. Vjgug hwgn egnn kp yjkej j{ftqigp ugtxg cu c hwgn cpf qz{igp cu cp qzkfcpv gokvu gzjcwuv qh ycvgt. 41. (c) Jgcx{ ycvgt (J4Q4 ) cpf uqnkf itcrjkvg ku igpgtcnn{ wugf vq unqy fqyp vjg urggf qh pgwvtqpu. B. Inorganic Chemistry 44. (f) Hgtvknk|gtu ctg vjqug eqorqwpfu yjkej rtqxkfg guugpvkcn rtkoct{ pwvtkgpvu (pkvtqigp, rjqurjqtwu cpf rqvcuukwo) tgswktgf hqt jgcnvj{ itqyvj qh rncpvu cpf etqru. Pkvtqigpgqwu hgtvknk|gt rtqxkfg pkvtqigp, rjqurjcvke hgtvknk|gt rtqxkfg rjqurjqtwu yjgtgcu rqvcuuj hgtvknk|gt rtqxkfg rqvcuukwo vq uqkn. PRM hgtvknk|gtu ctg okzgf hgtvknk|gtu. Vjg{ rtqxkfg cnn vjtgg guugpvkcn pwvtkgpvu (pkvtqigp, rjqurjqtwu cpf rqvcuukwo). PRM hgtvknk|gtu eqpvckpu pkvtqigp, rjqurjqtwu cpf rqvcuukwo kp fkhhgtgpv rtqrqtvkqp fgrgpfkpi wrqp vjg tgswktgogpv qh uqkn. 45. (d) Uqfkwo vjkquwnrjcvg ku wugf kp rjqvqitcrj{ cu c hkzgt. Kv tgoqxgu Ci htqo pgicvkxg d{ fkuuqnxkpi wpgzrqugf uknxgt dtqokfg tguwnvkpi kpvq hqtocvkqp qh eqorngz. AgBr + 2Na S O Na Ag(S O ) + NaBr 2 2 3 3 2 32 ¾¾® [ ] Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 29 46. (d) Uvggn ku cp cnnq{ qh ktqp cpf ectdqp. Qp okzkpi ykvj ectdqp kvu uvtgpivj cpf vqwijpguu iqv kpetgcugf. Kp qtfgt vq ocmg kv hwtvjgt oqtg vgorgtcvwtg cpf cdtcukqp tgukuvcpv ejtqokwo ku igpgtcnn{ okzgf ykvj ktqp, kv cnuq kpetgcugu kvu jctfpguu cpf nqcf dgctkpi ecrcekv{. Uvckpnguu uvggn ku c ecvgiqt{ qh uvggn eqpukuvu. (96% Hg, 1:% Et cpf :% Pk) ku eqttqukqp tgukuvcpv. 47. (e) Vjgtg ctg 15 guugpvkcn pwvtkgpvu tgswktgf d{ rncpvu hqt kvu jgcnvj{ cpf rtqrgt itqyvj. Pqy vjgug pwvtkgpvu ctg fkxkfgf kpvq vyq ecvgiqtkgu < Ocetqpwvtkgpvu (pkvtqigp, rjqurjqtwu, rqvcuukwo, ecnekwo, ocipgukwo cpf uwnrjwt). Oketqpwvtkgpvu (ktqp, eqrrgt, ocpicpgug, |kpe, dqtqp, oqn{dfgpwo cpf ejnqtkpg). Cffkvkqpcn okpgtcn pwvtkgpv gngogpvu yjkej ctg dgpghkekcn dwv pqv pgeguuct{ ctg uqfkwo, eqdcnv, xcpcfkwo, pkemgn, uqngpkwo, cnwokpkwo cpf uknkeqp. Vjwu dqtqp, |kpe cpf eqrrgt hcnnu kpvq ecvgiqt{ qh guugpvkcn oketqpwvtkgpvu yjkng uqfkwo fqgu pqv. 48. (c) Hnwqtkpg ku vjg oquv tgcevkxg coqpi cnn jcnqigpu. Jqygxgt vjg tgcevkxkv{ fgetgcugu htqo H4 vq K4 (htqo vqr vq dqvvqo qh itqwr) oc{ dg cvvtkdwvgf vq (1) Nqy fkuuqekcvkqp gpvjcnrkgu (4) Jkij gngevtqp chhkpkvkgu 49. (f) Dnwg xkvtkqn ku dnwg, et{uvcnnkpg j{ftqwu uqnwvkqp qh eqrrgt uwnrjcvg, EwUQ6 ¹7J4Q, qpg qh vjg oquv korqtvcpv kpfwuvtkcn eqrrgt ucnvu, wugf kp kpugevkekfgu, igtokekfgu, cpf jckt f{gu cpf kp vjg rtqeguukpi qh ngcvjgt cpf vgzvkngu. Ocipgukwo uwnrjcvg ku c ejgokecn eqorqwpf eqpvckpkpi ocipgukwo, uwnrjwt cpf qz{igp, ykvj vjg hqtownc OiUQ6 . Kv ku qhvgp gpeqwpvgtgf cu vjg jgrvcj{ftcvg gruqokvg (OiUQ6 ¹9J4Q), eqooqpn{ ecnngf "Gruqo ucnv". Uqfkwo dkectdqpcvg qt uqfkwo j{ftqigp ectdqpcvg ku vjg ejgokecn eqorqwpf ykvj vjg hqtownc PcJEQ5 . Vjg ucnv jcu ocp{ tgncvgf pcogu uwej cu dcmkpi uqfc, dtgcf uqfc, eqqmkpi uqfc, dkectdqpcvg qh uqfc. Ecwuvke uqfc qt uqfkwo j{ftqzkfg ku cp guugpvkcn kpitgfkgpv kp cp cttc{ qh kpfwuvtkcn crrnkecvkqpu. Kp cffkvkqp, eqpuwogtu wug ecwuvke uqfc yjgp wukpi engcpgtu, uwej cu qxgp cpf ftckp engcpgtu. 4:. (c) Rqvcuukwo dtqokfg ku wugf kp rjqvqitcrj{ cu c tguvtckpgt kp dncem cpf yjkvg fgxgnqrgt hqtowncu. Iwp rqyfgt, cnuq ecnngf dncem rqyfgt, ku c okzvwtg qh uwnrjwt, ejcteqcn, cpf rqvcuukwo pkvtcvg. Iwp rqyfgt ecp dg ocfg d{ lwuv wukpi rqvcuukwo pkvtcvg cpf ejcteqcn (qt cnvgtpcvkxgn{ ykvjqwv ejcteqcn), dwv ykvjqwv vjg uwnrjwt (qt eqcn), vjg rqyfgt ku pqv cu uvtqpi. Rqvcuukwo uwnhcvg ku rtkoctkn{ wugf cu c hgtvknk|gt. Oqpq rqvcuukwo vctvtcvg ku wugf kp dcmgt{ d{ eqodkpcvkqp ykvj dcmkpi uqfc kv tguwnvu kp vq gxqnwvkqp qh EQ4 yjkej ku wugf hqt dcmkpi ecmgu. 4;. (e) Eqmg ku cffgf kp dncuv hwtpcpeg cnqpi ykvj ktqp qtg kp c dncuv hwtpceg. Eqmg dgkpi fgtkxgf htqo hquukn hwgn d{ fguvtwevkxg fkuvknncvkqp. Vjwu kv eqpvckpu jkijgt rgtegpvcig qh ectdqp cpf jcxg jkij ecnqtkhke xcnwg vjcv"u yj{ kv hwpevkqpu cu c hwgn vq uwrrn{ jgcv. Eqmg cnuq cevu cu c tgfwekpi cigpv cpf tgfweg ogvcn(ktqp) qzkfg vq ogvcn. Ejgokecn gswcvkqpu kpxqnxgf kp rtqeguu ctg hqnnqykpi< 4E(u) + Q4 (i) ¾¾® 4EQ(i) HgQ(u) + EQ(i) ¾¾® Hg(u) + EQ4 (i) Hg4Q5 + 5EQ(i) ¾¾® 4Hg(u) + 5EQ4 (i) 50. (f) Cocnico ku cp cnnq{ eqpukuvkpi qh ogtewt{ cpf cp{ qvjgt gngogpv.Ktqp dgkpi gzegrvkqpcn kp pcvwtg pqv hqto cocnico ykvj ogtewt{. Vjcv'u yj{ ogtewt{ ku uvqtgf kp xguugnu ocfg wr qh ktqp. Uocnn swcpvkvkgu qh cp ktqp cocnico jcxg, jqygxgt, dggp hqtogf d{ koogtukpi uqfkwo cocnico (eqpvckpkpi 1 rgtegpv uqfkwo) kp c engct, ucvwtcvgf uqnwvkqp qh hgttqwu uwnrjcvg.Yjkng tguv vjtgg qrvkqpu |kpe,eqrrgt cpf ocipgukwo eqodkpg ykvj ogtewt{ vq hqto vjgtg tgurgevkxg cocnico. 51. (e) Uqfkwo ogvcn ku igpgtcnn{ mgrv kpukfg mgtqugpg qkn dgecwug qh kvu gzvtgog tgcevkxg pcvwtg. Kp qrgp ckt kv tgcevu xkqngpvn{ cpf dwtpu xkiqtqwun{ vq hqto uqfkwo qzkfg . 54. (c) Uwnrjwtke cekf (J4 UQ6 ) tgcevu xgt{ xkiqtqwun{ ykvj ycvgt, kp c jkijn{ gzqvjgtoke tgcevkqp. Vjwu kh {qw cff ycvgt vq eqpegpvtcvgf uwnhwtke cekf, kv ecp dqkn cpf {qw oc{ igv c pcuv{ cekf dwtp. Vjcv'u yj{ hqt fknwvkqp, cekf ku cffgf vq ycvgt pqv ycvgt vq cekf cu urgekhke jgcv qh ycvgt ku swkvg nctig cpf kv ecp cduqtd nctig swcpvkv{ qh jgcv rtqfwegf d{ uwnrjwtke cekf. Oqtgqxgt ycvgt ku nguu fgpug vjcp uwnrjwtke cekf, uq kh {qw rqwt ycvgt qp vjg cekf, vjg tgcevkqp qeewtu qp vqr qh vjg nkswkf. Kh {qw cff vjg cekf vq vjg ycvgt, kv ukpmu cpf cp{ yknf cpf etc|{ tgcevkqpu jcxg vq igv vjtqwij vjg ycvgt qt dgcmgt vq igv vq {qw. 55. (f) Fkcoqpfu ku vjg rqn{oqtrj qh vjg gngogpv ectdqp. Ecnekwo ku vjg dcuke gngogpv qh pcvwtcnn{ qeewtkpi octdng. Ucpf ku hqtogf d{ Uknkeqp cpf Cnwokpkwo ku vjg dcuke gngogpv qh pcvwtcnn{ qeewtkpi Twd{. 56. (f) Igtocp uknxgt jcu c eqnqt tgugodnkpi uknxgt, dwv ku cp cnnq{ qh rtkoctkn{ eqrrgt, pkemgn cpf |kpe. Uqnfgt ku cp cnnq{ qh vkp, cpvkoqp{, eqrrgt cpf ngcf. Dngcejkpi rqyfgt eqpvckpu ecnekwo ejnqtkfg cpf ecnekwo j{rqejnqtkvg, wugf kp uqnwvkqp cu c dngcej. Dngcejkpi rqyfgt ku uqnf qp vjg dcuku qh cxckncdng ejnqtkpg, yjkej ku nkdgtcvgf yjgp kv ku vtgcvgf ykvj c fknwvg cekf. Kv ku wugf hqt dngcejkpi rcrgt rwnru cpf hcdtkeu cpf hqt uvgtknk|kpi ycvgt. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 30 Topicwise Solved Papers J{rq uqnwvkqp wugf kp kqfqogvtke vkvtcvkqp ku uqfkwo vjkquwnrjcvg (Pc4 U4Q5 ). 35. (d) Pkejtqog ku c pqp-ocipgvke cnnq{ qh pkemgn, ejtqokwo, cpf ktqp, wuwcnn{ wugf cu c tgukuvcpeg yktg. C eqooqp cnnq{ ku :0% pkemgn cpf 40% ejtqokwo, d{ ocuu. Vjku cnnq{kpi rtqxkfg pkejtqog rtqrgtvkgu nkmg jctfpguu cpf fwevknkv{. 36. (b) Cpqfk|kpi qt cpqfkukpi kp Dtkvkuj Gpinkuj, ku cp gngevtqn{vke rcuukxcvkqp rtqeguu wugf vq kpetgcug vjg vjkempguu qh vjg pcvwtcn qzkfg nc{gt qp vjg uwthceg qh ogvcn rctvu. Vjg rtqeguu ku ecnngf "cpqfk|kpi" dgecwug vjg rctv vq dg vtgcvgf hqtou vjg cpqfg gngevtqfg qh cp gngevtkecn ektewkv. Cpqfk|kpi kpetgcugu eqttqukqp cpf ygct tgukuvcpeg. Vjg cpqfk|gf cnwokpkwo nc{gt ku itqyp d{ rcuukpi c fktgev ewttgpv vjtqwij cp gngevtqn{vke uqnwvkqp, ykvj vjg cnwokpkwo qdlgev ugtxkpi cv vjg cpqfg. Vjg ewttgpv tgngcugu j{ftqigp cv vjg ecvjqfg cpf qz{igp cv vjg uwthceg qh vjg cnwokpkwo cpqfg, etgcvkpi c dwknf wr qh cnwokpkwo qzkfg nc{gt. 37. (d) Jctfpguu qh ycvgt ku fwg vq rtgugpeg qh ejnqtkfgu, uwnrjcvgu cpf pkvtcvgu qh ecnekwo cpf ocipgukwo. Jctf ycvgt ecppqv dg wugf hqt ycujkpi rwtrqugu cu uqcr fq pqv hqto ncvjgt ykvj jctf ycvgt gcukn{ yjkej tguwnvu kp vq ycuvcig qh uqcr kp ncwpfctkgu. Oqtgqxgt wug qh jctf ycvgt kp kpfwuvtkgu tguwnvu kp vq uecng hqtocvkqp kp kppgt nc{gtu qh dqkngtu qp yjkej kpuqnwdng ecnekwo cpf ocipgukwo ectdqpcvgu igvu fgrqukvgf cpf dgkpi c dcf eqpfwevqt qh jgcv tguwnv kp vq ycuvcig qh gpgti{. Oqtgqxgt jctf ycvgt ku pqv hkv hqt ftkpmkpi rwtrqug cu kv jkpfgtu kqpke kodcncpeg kp dqf{. Tgrgcvgf kttkicvkqp qh etqru d{ jctf ycvgt kpetgcugu ecnekwo cpf ocipgukwo kqpu kp uqkn yjkej kpetgcugu uqkn cnmcnkpkv{. 38. (c) Cswgqwu uqnwvkqp qh eqrrgt uwnrjcvg ku cekfke kp pcvwtg dgecwug eqrrgt uwnrjcvg qp fkuuqnxkpi ykvj ycvgt, hqnnqykpi ejgokecn tgcevkqp vcmgu rnceg EwUQ6 (u) + 4J4Q ¾¾® Ew(QJ)4 (l) + J4 UQ6 (cs) Pqy cu yg ecp ugg kp cdqxg ejgokecn gswcvkqp vjg uwnrjwtke cekf igpgtcvgf ku uvtqpi okpgtcn cekf yjkej tguwnvu kpvq kpetgcug kp cekfkv{ qh uqnwvkqp. Vjwu cswgqwu uqnwvkqp qh eqrrgt uwnrjcvg ku cekfke kp pcvwtg. 39. (b) Vjg gngevtqp chhkpkv{ qh c oqngewng qt cvqo ku vjg gpgti{ ejcpig yjgp cp gngevtqp ku cffgf vq vjg pgwvtcn cvqo vq hqto c pgicvkxg kqp. Vjku rtqrgtv{ ecp qpn{ dg ogcuwtgf kp cp cvqo kp icugqwu uvcvg. Z + g˜ ® Z˜ Fqyp c itqwr, vjg gngevtqp chhkpkv{ fgetgcugu dgecwug qh c nctig kpetgcug kp vjg cvqoke tcfkwu, gngevtqpgngevtqp tgrwnukqp cpf vjg ujkgnfkpi ghhgev qh kppgt gngevtqpu cickpuv vjg xcngpeg gngevtqpu qh vjg cvqo. Cu qpg oqxgu htqo nghv vq tkijv cetquu c rgtkqf kp vjg rgtkqfke vcdng, vjg gngevtqpgicvkxkv{ kpetgcugu fwg vq vjg uvtqpigt cvvtcevkqp vjcv vjg cvqou qdvckp cu vjg pwengct ejctig kpetgcugu. Vjgtg yknn dg cp kpetgcug qh kqpk|cvkqp gpgti{ htqo nghv vq tkijv kp c ikxgp rgtkqf. 40. (a) Vjg qzkfcvkqp pwodgt ejctcevgtkugu vjg qzkfcvkqp uvcvg qh cp gngogpv kp c eqorqwpf. Kv ku c hwnn pwodgt, rqukvkxg qt pgicvkxg, yjkej kpfkecvgu vjg coqwpv qh gngevtqp nquu qt ickp d{ vjku gngogpv kp vjg ikxgp eqorqwpf, ykvj tgurgev vq vjg pgwvtcn cvqo. Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh ecnekwo ku 4 kp ecnekwo qzkfg (EcQ). Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh Cnwokpkwo ku +5 kp Uqfkwo cnwokpkwo j{ftkfg (PcCnJ6 ) ku c ejgokecn eqorqwpf wugf cu c tgfwekpi cigpv. Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh ocpicpgug ku 6 kp Ocpicpgug fkqzkfg (OpQ4 ). Qzkfcvkqp pwodgt qh uwnrjwt ku 8 kp R{tquwnhwtke Cekf (J4 U4Q9 ). 41. (a) U{pvjgvke fgvgtigpvu ctg uqfkwo ucnv qh nqpi ejckp uwnrjqpke cekf qt cnm{n j{ftqigp uwnrjcvg. Jctfpguu kp ycvgt ku fwg vq rtgugpeg qh ejnqtkfgu, uwnrjcvgu cpf pkvtcvgu ucnvu qh ecnekwo cpf ocipgukwo. Pqy fgvgtigpvu ctg ecrcdng qh hqtokpi uqnwdng ucnvu gxgp ykvj vjg ecnekwo cpf ocipgukwo kqpu rtgugpv kp jctf ycvgt cpf hqtou ncvjgt gcukn{ kp jctf ycvgt. 42. (d) Dctkwo cpf Uvtqpvkwo ctg cnmcnkpg gctvj ogvcnu. Vjg{ ctg swkvg tgcevkxg kp pcvwtg, vjg{ fq pqv qeewt kp htgg uvcvg. Uvtqpvkwo ku c tgncvkxgn{ cdwpfcpv gngogpv kp vjg Gctvj'u etwuv. Vjg oquv eqooqp okpgtcnu eqpvckpkpi uvtqpvkwo ctg egnguvkpg cpf uvtqpvkcpkvg. Egnguvkpg eqpvckpu rtkoctkn{ uvtqpvkwo uwnhcvg (UtUQ6 ), yjkng uvtqpvkcpkvg eqpvckpu oquvn{ uvtqpvkwo ectdqpcvg (UtEQ5 ). Vjg oquv eqooqp pcvwtcnn{ qeewttkpi okpgtcnu eqpvckpkpi dctkwo ctg vjg xgt{ kpuqnwdng dctkwo uwnhcvg, DcUQ6 (dctkvg), cpf dctkwo ectdqpcvg, DcEQ5 (ykvjgtkvg). 43. (d) C vtgpf qh fgetgcukpi gngevtqp chhkpkv{ iqkpi fqyp vjg itqwru kp vjg rgtkqfke vcdng yqwnf dg gzrgevgf. Vjg cffkvkqpcn gngevtqp yknn dg gpvgtkpi kp cp qtdkvcn hctvjgt cyc{ htqo vjg pwengwu, cpf vjwu yqwnf gzrgtkgpeg c nguugt ghhgevkxg pwengct ejctig. Kv ku hcktn{ qdxkqwu vjcv vjg cvqou igv dkiigt cu {qw iq fqyp itqwr ykvj vjg kpetgcug kp cvqoke pwodgt. Vjg tgcuqp ku gswcnn{ qdxkqwu - {qw ctg cffkpi gzvtc nc{gtu qh gngevtqpu. 44. (b) Eqcn dcugf vjgtocn rqygt rncpvu eqpvtkdwvg vq cekf tckp dgecwug UQ4 cpf PQ4 ctg gokvvgf htqo vjgug rncpvu yjkej hqto J4 UQ6 cpf JPQ5 kp cvoqurjgtg, Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 31 vjcv ecwug cekf tckp. Qzkfgu qh ectdqp ctg gokvvgf yjgp eqcn dwtpu, dwv kv fqgu pqv eqpvtkdwvg vq cekf tckp. 67. (f) Dcmkpi uqfc ku c itgcv cu c hktg gzvkpiwkujgt hqt gngevtkecn hktgu cpf itgcug hktgu. Yjgp dcmkpi uqfc ku jgcvgf kv tgngcugu ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf rtqfwegu ycvgt. 4PcJEQ5 ® J4Q + EQ4 + Pc4EQ5 Ukpeg ectdqp fkqzkfg ku jgcxkgt vjcp ckt cpf fqgu pqv uwrrqtv eqodwuvkqp nkmg qz{igp fqgu, kv uoqvjgtu vjg hktg yjkng ycvgt vjcv ku hqtogf eqqnu vjg hktg vq dgnqy kipkvkqp vgorgtcvwtg. Ecnekwo qzkfg, ejgokecn eqorqwpf, EcQ ku cnuq ecnngf nkog, swkemnkog, qt ecwuvke nkog. Ecnekwo qzkfg ku ykfgn{ wugf kp ocmkpi rqtegnckp cpf incuu. Rncuvgt qh Rctku ku c v{rg qh dwknfkpi ocvgtkcn dcugf qp ecnekwo uwnrjcvg jgokj{ftcvg pqokpcnn{ EcUQ6 .1/ 4J4Q. Kv ku etgcvgf d{ jgcvkpi i{ruwo vq cdqwv 500qH (170¼E). 2CaSO .2H O 2CaSO .1/ 2H O 3H O 42 4 2 2 ¾¾® + (released as steam) 68. (e) Etgcvkpi hktgyqtm eqnqtu ku c eqorngz gpfgcxqt, tgswktkpi eqpukfgtcdng ctv cpf crrnkecvkqp qh rj{ukecn uekgpeg. Uvtqpvkwo cpf dctkwo dqvj ctg cnmcnkpg gctvj ogvcn cpf ctg gzvtgogn{ tgcevkxg. Vjg{ dqvj korctv ejctcevgtkuvke eqnqt vq hncog. Uvtqpvkwo ucnvu korctv c tgf eqnqt vq hktgyqtmu. Uvtqpvkwo eqorqwpfu ctg cnuq korqtvcpv hqt uvcdknk|kpi hktgyqtmu okzvwtgu. Dctkwo ku wugf vq etgcvg itggp eqnqtu kp hktgyqtmu, cpf kv ecp cnuq jgnr uvcdknk|g qvjgt xqncvkng gngogpvu. 69. (f) Echhgkpg cnuq urgnngf echhgk ku oquv eqooqpn{ eqpuwogf d{ jwocpu kp kphwukqpu gzvtcevgf htqo vjg dgcp qh vjg eqhhgg rncpv cpf vjg ngcxgu qh vjg vgc dwuj, cu ygnn cu htqo xctkqwu hqqfu cpf ftkpmu eqpvckpkpi rtqfwevu fgtkxgf htqo vjg mqnc pwv. Cekfu ctg cffgf vq uqhv ftkpmu hqt gzvtc dkvg cpf oqwvj hggn. Vjg rtkoct{ cekf wugf kp eqncu ku rjqurjqtke cekf, yjkng vjg qpg wugf kp ekvtwu hncxqwtgf ftkpmu ku wuwcnn{ ekvtke cekf. Ekvtke cekf ku c iqqf uwduvkvwvkqp qh cueqtdke cekf cu rgt pwvtkvkqpcn xcnwg. 6:. (d) Uqnfgt ku c hwukdng ogvcn cnnq{ ykvj c ognvkpi rqkpv qt ognvkpi tcpig qh ;0 vq 670 fgitgg Egnukwu (1;0 vq :60 ²H), wugf kp c rtqeguu ecnngf uqnfgtkpi yjgtg kv ku ognvgf vq lqkp ogvcnnke uwthcegu. Kv ku gurgekcnn{ wughwn kp gngevtqpkeu cpf rnwodkpi. Uqnfgt ku cp cnnq{ qh ngcf cpf vkp. 6;. (d) Uwnrjwt ku vjg dguv gngevtkecn kpuwncvkpi ocvgtkcn mpqyp, ykvj c tgukuvkxkv{ qh cdqwv 4 Ù 1045 mW-eo. Vjg tgcuqp hqt vjku nctig tgukuvkxkv{ ku rtqdcdn{ vjg gngevtqp vtcru rtqfwegf d{ vjgtocn dtgcmkpi qh U: tkpiu. Gngevtkecn eqpfwevkxkv{ qh uwnrjwt ku 7.0 Ù 10˜16 U o˜1. Gngevtkecn eqpfwevkxkv{ qh ugngpkwo ku : Ù 108 U o˜1. Gngevtkecn eqpfwevkxkv{ qh dtqokpg ku 1.0 Ù 10˜10 U o˜1. Gngevtkecn eqpfwevkxkv{ qh rjqurjqtqwu 1.0 Ù 10˜; U o˜1. Vjwu htqo vjku fcvc kv ku engct vjcv gngevtkecn eqpfwevkxkv{ qh ugngpkwo ku oczkowo. 70. (e) Rjknquqrjgt'u yqqn ku c qzkfg qh |kpe c yjkvg rqyfgt wugf cu c rkiogpv, equogvkeu, incuu, kpmu cpf kp |kpe qkpvogpv. 71. (d) Igtocp uknxgt jcu c eqnqt tgugodnkpi uknxgt, dwv ku cp cnnq{ qh rtkoctkn{ eqrrgt, pkemgn cpf |kpe. Ejnqtcti{tkvg ku vjg okpgtcn hqto qh uknxgt ejnqtkfg (CiEn). Kv ku cnuq mpqyp cu jqtp uknxgt. Rtqwuvkvg ku c uwnhqucnv okpgtcn eqpukuvkpi qh uknxgt uwnhctugpkfg, Ci5CuU5 , mpqyp cnuq cu nkijv tgf uknxgt qt twd{ uknxgt qtg, cpf cp korqtvcpv uqwteg qh vjg ogvcn. Uknxgt pkvtcvg ku cp kpqticpke eqorqwpf ykvj ejgokecn hqtownc CiPQ5 . Kv ycu qpeg ecnngf nwpct ecwuvke dgecwug uknxgt ycu ecnngf nwpc d{ vjg cpekgpv cnejgokuvu. 74. (d) Twdkgu cpf Ucrrjktgu ctg uekgpvkhkecnn{ vjg ucog uvqpg, fkhhgtkpi qpn{ kp eqnqt. Eqtwpfwo, vjg rtgfqokpcvkpi okpgtcn qh dqvj, ku eqorqugf qh pgctn{ rwtg cnwokpc (Cn4Q5 ).Vjg eqnqtkpi uwduvcpeg yjkej fkhhgtgpvkcvgu twdkgu cpf ucrrjktgu ku dgnkgxgf vq dg ejtqokwo. 75. (e) Zgpqp ku ecnngf vjg “uvtcpigt” icu. Vjku icu xgt{ wp-tgcevkxg cpf jgcxkgt vjcp ckt, vjcv ycu yj{ pcogf uvtcpig (kp itggm kv ogcpu “zgpqp”). 76. (d) Vjg nkijvguv ogvcn kp vjg rgtkqfke vcdng ku nkvjkwo (Nk) ykvj cvqoke pwodgt 5 fgpukv{ 0.75 mi/N. Nkvjkwo ogvcn ku gzvtgogn{ uqhv (cpf jkijn{ tgcevkxg) cpf uq ku wpwucdng hqt ocp{ crrnkecvkqpu. Quokwo ku c jctf ogvcnnke gngogpv yjkej jcu vjg itgcvguv fgpukv{ qh cnn mpqyp gngogpvu. Kv ku vykeg cu jgcx{ cu ngcf, cpf jcu c urgekhke itcxkv{ qh 44.7;. 77. (d) Uognvkpi wpkvu cpf rckpvu ctg vjg uqwteg qh vjg ngcf rqkuqpkpi. 78. (c) Vjg dwtpkpi qh hquukn hwgn ecp etgcvg cpqvjgt cvoqurjgtke rqnnwvkqp rtqdngo mpqyp cu Rjqvqejgokecn Uoqi. Rjqvqejgokecn uoqi ku c eqpfkvkqp vjcv fgxgnqru yjgp rtkoct{ rqnnwvcpvu nkmg qzkfgu qh pkvtqigp, Xqncvkng qticpke eqorqwpfu etgcvgf htqo hquukn hwgn eqodwuvkqp kpvgtcev wpfgt vjg kphnwgpeg qh uwpnkijv vq rtqfweg ugeqpfct{ rqnnwvcpvu. Vjg oclqt ejgokecn rqnnwvcpvu kp Rjqvqejgokecn uoqi ctg PQ cpf PQ4 , XQEu(xqncvkng qticpke eqorqwpfu), Q|qpg(Q5 ) cpf RCP (Rgtqz{cegv{n Pkvtcvg). PQ4 fgetgcugu xkukdknkv{ fwg vq {gnnqykuj eqnqwt. Kv cnuq Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 32 Topicwise Solved Papers eqpvtkdwvgu vq jgctv cpf nwpi rtqdngo. Q|qpg(Q5 ) eqpvtkdwvgu vq dtqpejkcn eqpuvtkevkqp, eqwijkpi cpf yjgg|kpi. RCP ecwugu g{g kttkvcvkqp, jkij vqzkekv{ vq rncpvu. 79. (d) Ejgokecn ejcpigu qeewt yjgp c uwduvcpeg eqodkpgu ykvj cpqvjgt vq hqto c pgy uwduvcpeg. Et{uvcnnk|cvkqp qh uqfkwo ejnqtkfg ku pqv c ejgokecn cu ycvgt qh et{uvcnnk|cvkqp ecp dg nquv vq igv ucnv cickp . Ukoknctn{ ognvkpi qh keg ku tgxgtukdng .Jqygxgt uqwtkpi qh oknm ku c ejgokecn ejcpig cu kv ku pqv tgxgtukdng cpf c pgy eqorqwpf ku hqtogf. C. Organic Chemistry 7:. (f) Rqn{ectdqpcvgu ctg vjg rqn{ogt ykfgn{ wugf kp ocmkpi dwnngv rtqqh ocvgtkcn. Dwnngv rtqqh incuu ku ocfg d{ nc{gtkpi c rqn{ectdqpcvg ocvgtkcn dgvyggp rkgegu qh qtfkpct{ incuu kp c rtqeguu ecnngf ncokpcvkqp. C dwnngv hktgf yknn rkgteg vjg qwvukfg nc{gt qh vjg incuu, dwv vjg nc{gtgf rqn{ectdqpcvg incuu ocvgtkcn ku cdng vq cduqtd vjg dwnngv'u gpgti{ cpf uvqr kv. Rqn{ectdqpcvg rcpgnu ctg wugf hqt eqxgtkpi cfxgtvkukpi rquvgtu, eqpuvtwevkqp qh qhhkeg dwknfkpiu hqt uqwpf rtqqhkpi cpf rqn{ectdqpcvg ku cnuq wugf hqt ocmkpi dwnngv rtqqh lcemgvu. 7;. (f) Ogvj{n cneqjqn ku xgt{ fcpigtqwu. Oc{ dg hcvcn qt ecwug dnkpfpguu kh uycnnqygf. Jctohwn, kh kpjcngf qt cduqtdgf vjtqwij umkp. Kv ecppqv dg ocfg pqp rqkuqpqwu. Uqog qvjgt jctohwn ghhgevu ctg tguwnvu kpvq kttkvcvkqp qh umkp, g{gu cpf tgurktcvqt{ vtcem. Kv ecp cnuq ghhgevu egpvtcn pgtxqwu u{uvgo cpf nkxgt. 80. (d) Cnnkekp ku cp qkn{, {gnnqy nkswkf, yjkej ikxgu ictnke kvu ejctcevgtkuvke qfqwt yjkej ku fwg vq vjg T˜U(Q)˜U-T itqwr. Kv cnuq jcu c tcpig qh ogfkecn rtqrgtvkgu. 81. (d) Qkn qh enqxgu, cnuq mpqyp cu Enqxg qkn, ku cp guugpvkcn qkn qdvckpgf htqo vjg enqxg rncpv. Kv ku c pcvwtcn cpcniguke cpf cpvkugrvke wugf rtkoctkn{ kp fgpvkuvt{ hqt kvu ockp kpitgfkgpv gwigpqn. Vjg qkn rtqfwegf d{ enqxgu ecp dg wugf kp ocp{ vjkpiu htqo hncxqwtkpi ogfkekpg vq tgogfkgu hqt dtqpejkvku, eqooqp eqnf, c eqwij, hgxgt, uqtg vjtqcv cpf vgpfkpi vq kphgevkqpu. 84. (e) Vjg oquv ghhgevkxg icu qh vjg hktuv yqtnf yct ycu owuvctf icu c xgukegpv, yjkej ycu kpvtqfwegf d{ Igtocp{ kp Lwn{ 1;19. Owuvctf icu ku pqv c rctvkewnctn{ ghhgevkxg mknnkpi cigpv dwv vjg umkp qh kvu xkevkou iqv dnkuvgtgf, vjgkt g{gu dgecog xgt{ uqtg cpf vjg{ dgicp vq xqokv. Owuvctf icu ecwugf kpvgtpcn cpf gzvgtpcn dnggfkpi cpf cvvcemgf vjg dtqpejkcn vwdgu. 85. (c) Hwgn xcnwg ecp dg gzrtguugf kp vgtou qh ecnqtkhke xcnwg qh hwgn. Vjg ecnqtkhke xcnwg qh c hwgn ku vjg coqwpv qh jgcv rtqfwegf d{ dwtpkpi 1 mi qh hwgn. J{ftqigp jcu vjg jkijguv ecnqtkhke xcnwg qh (161,9;0 ML/mi ) vjwu jcxg jkijguv hwgn xcnwg. Ecnqtkhke xcnwg qh ejcteqcn, pcvwtcn icu cpf icuqnkpg ctg (4;,800= 65,000= 69,500 mL/mi) tgurgevkxgn{. Pcvwtcn icu oclqtn{ eqpukuvu qh ogvjcpg. 86. (f) Gvj{ngpg in{eqn uqnwvkqpu ctg octmgvgf cu "rgtocpgpv cpvk-htgg|g", cpf ku wugf cu cpvk-htgg|g cigpv hqt vjg cwvqoqdkng gpikpg kp eqnf eqwpvtkgu yjgtg vgorgtcvwtg ku dgnqy |gtq fgitgg egpvkitcfg. HO OH Uvtwevwtg qh gvj{ngpg in{eqn 87. (c) Cpvkugrvke ctg cpvkoketqdkcn uwduvcpegu vjcv ctg crrnkgf vq nkxkpi vkuuwg/umkp vq tgfweg vjg rquukdknkv{ qh kphgevkqp, ugruku, qt rwvtghcevkqp. Pqy rjgp{n dgkpi c rjgpqn fgtkxcvkxg rquuguugu ghhgevkxg igtokekfcn rtqrgtvkgu dgecwug rjgpqn ku igtokekfcn kp uvtqpi uqnwvkqp. 88. (c) Ygnfkpi tghgtu vq vjg rtqeguu qh lqkpkpi vyq qt oqtg ogvcnu vqigvjgt. Crrtqzkocvgn{ 40% qh cegv{ngpg ku eqpuwogf hqt qz{cev{ngpg icu ygnfkpi cpf ewvvkpi fwg vq jkij vgorgtcvwtg qh hncog. Eqodwuvkqp qh cegv{ngpg ykvj qz{igp rtqfwegu c hncog qh qxgt 5800 M (5500²E, 8000²H). Qz{cegv{ngpg ku vjg jqvvguv dwtpkpi eqooqp hwgn icu. Qz{cegv{ngpg ygnfkpi ycu c xgt{ rqrwnct ygnfkpi rtqeguu kp rtgxkqwu fgecfgu= jqygxgt vjg fgxgnqrogpv cpf cfxcpvcigu qh ctedcugf ygnfkpi rtqeguu jcxg ocfg qz{ hwgn ygnfkpi pgctn{ gzvkpev. Vjku jkij vgorgtcvwtg qh hncog ocmgu jgcf qh ogvcn rkgegu vq dg lqkpgf ognv cpf vjg{ lqkpgf vqigvjgt yjgp uqnkfkhkgf qp eqqnkpi. Hqnnqykpi ku vjg ejgokecn tgcevkqp qeewttkpi kp cdqxg rtqeguu< 4E4J4 + 7Q4 ¾¾® 6EQ4 + 4J4Q Vjg rqn{ogtk|cvkqp qh cegv{ngpg ykvj \kgingt ˜ Pcvvc ecvcn{uv rtqfwegu rqn{cegv{ngpg hknou. Rqn{cegv{ngpg, c ejckp qh EJ egpvtgu ykvj cnvgtpcvkpi ukping cpf fqwdng dqpfu, ycu vjg qpg qh hktuv fkueqxgtgf qticpke ugokeqpfwevqtu. Ejgokecn gswcvkqp tgrtgugpvkpi rqn{ogtk|cvkqp qh cegv{ngpg. Zieglar Natta catalyst H H HH n nC C C C - é ù º ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾® = ê ú ê ú ë û ~ ~ ~~ ™ ™ 89. (d) Hqtoke cekf ku uvtqpigt vjcp cegvke cekf fwg vq kvu ejgokecn eqorqukvkqp. Hqtoke cekf ku cp qticpke cekf. 8:. (d) Etcemkpi ku vjg rtqeguu yjgtgd{ eqorngz qticpke oqngewngu uwej cu mgtqugpg qt jgcx{ j{ftqectdqpu ctg dtqmgp fqyp kpvq ukorngt oqngewngu uwej cu nkijv Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 33 j{ftqectdqpu, d{ vjg dtgcmkpi qh ectdqp-ectdqp dqpfu. Uognvkpi ku c hqto qh gzvtcevkxg ogvcnnwti{= kvu ockp wug ku vq rtqfweg c ogvcn htqo kvu qtg. Kp vjku rtqeguu vjg qzkfg qtg ku tgfwegf vq htgg ogvcn d{ wukpi tgfwekpi cigpvu nkmg eqmg qt ejcteqcn. Eqrrgt ku cnuq qdvckpgf htqo kvu qzkfg d{ vjku ogvjqf kp htgg uvcvg. J{ftqigpcvkqp ku c tgfwevkqp tgcevkqp yjkej tguwnvu kp cp cffkvkqp qh j{ftqigp (wuwcnn{ cu J4 ). Kh cp qticpke eqorqwpf ku j{ftqigpcvgf, kv dgeqogu oqtg 'ucvwtcvgf'. J{ftqigpcvkqp tguwnvu kp vjg eqpxgtukqp qh nkswkf xgigvcdng qknu vq uqnkf (gfkdng) hcvu. Xwnecpk|cvkqp ku c ejgokecn rtqeguu hqt eqpxgtvkpi twddgt kpvq oqtg fwtcdng ocvgtkcnu xkc vjg cffkvkqp qh uwnrjwt. Uwnrjwt oqfkh{ vjg twddgt d{ hqtokpi etquunkpmu (dtkfigu) dgvyggp kpfkxkfwcn rqn{ogt ejckpu. Xwnecpk|gf ocvgtkcn ku nguu uvkem{ cpf jcu uwrgtkqt ogejcpkecn rtqrgtvkgu. 8;. (c) Cu oqngewnct ygkijv kpetgcugu ykvj kpetgcug kp vjg ngpivj qh ectdqp-ectdqp ejckp. 90. (e) Vjg cffkvkqp qh uknkecvgu vq u{pvjgvke fgvgtigpvu jcu rtqxgf xgt{ dgpghkekcn. Uknkecvgu uqhvgp ycvgt d{ vjg hqtocvkqp qh rtgekrkvcvgu vjcv ecp dg gcukn{ tkpugf cyc{. Uqnwdng uknkecvgu eqpvtkdwvg vq fgvgtigpvu cu engcpkpi ckfu, rtqeguukpi ckfu, cpf eqttqukqp kpjkdkvqtu. Cu engcpkpi ckfu, uqnwdng uknkecvgu rtqxkfg cnmcnkpkv{ cpf rtqoqvg uqkn uwurgpukqp. Uqfkwo uwnrjcvg ku ukorn{ c hknngt kp fgvgtigpv rqyfgt, kp owej vjg ucog yc{ cu hknngtu ctg wugf kp ocp{ ogfkecn vcdngvu, kv fqgup'v rnc{ cp{ cevkxg tqng cu uwej. 91. (d) Eqortguugf pcvwtcn icu (EPI) ku ocfg d{ eqortguukpi pcvwtcn icu yjkej ku eqorqugf qh ogvjcpg (EJ6 ), kv cnuq eqpvckp uocnn coqwpv qh gvjcpg. Eqcn icu v{rkecnn{ eqpvckpu j{ftqigp, ogvjcpg cpf ectdqp oqpqzkfg. NRI ku vjg cddtgxkcvkqp qt ujqtv hqto qh Nkswghkgf Rgvtqngwo icu. Vjg oclqt eqpuvkvwgpvu qh NRI ku rtqrcpg cpf dwvcpg. Ycvgt icu ku c u{pvjguku icu, eqpvckpkpi ectdqp oqpqzkfg cpf j{ftqigp. 94. (d) Nkswkhkgf Pcvwtcn Icu qt NPI ku pcvwtcn icu (rtgfqokpcpvn{ ogvjcpg, EJ6 ) vjcv jcu dggp eqpxgtvgf vgorqtctkn{ vq nkswkf hqto hqt gcug qh uvqtcig qt vtcpurqtv. Vjg nkswghcevkqp rtqeguu kpxqnxgu tgoqxcn qh egtvckp eqorqpgpvu, uwej cu fwuv, cekf icugu, jgnkwo, ycvgt, cpf jgcx{ j{ftqectdqpu, yjkej eqwnf ecwug fkhhkewnv{ fqypuvtgco. Vjg pcvwtcn icu ku vjgp eqpfgpugf kpvq c nkswkf oczkowo vtcpurqtv rtguuwtg ugv cv ctqwpf 47 mRc/5.8 ruk d{ eqqnkpi kv vq crrtqzkocvgn{ ˜184 ²E (˜480 ²H). Fcjgl, kp Kpfkc jcu dgiwp kvu hktuv korqtv qh pcvwtcn icu. Pcvwtcn icu nkswkfu tgeqxgt{ (PIN) kpxqnxgu tghtkigtcvgf icu rncpvu, vwtdqgzrcpfgtu, fgdwvcpk|gtu, fgrtqrcpk|gtu, cpf LV rncpvu. PIN ecp dg ugrctcvgf wukpi fgdwvcpk|gtu cpf fgrtqrcpk|gtu kpvq rtqrcpg, dwvcpg, pcrjvjc, gve. 95. (f) Xctkgvkgu qh NRI dqwijv cpf uqnf kpenwfg okzgu vjcv ctg rtkoctkn{ rtqrcpg cpf dwvcpg, vjg eqooqp, okzgu kpenwfg rtqrcpg (80%) cpf dwvcpg (60%), fgrgpfkpi qp vjg ugcuqp kp ykpvgt oqtg rtqrcpg, kp uwoogt oqtg dwvcpg. Rtqr{ngpg cpf dwv{ngpgu ctg wuwcnn{ cnuq rtgugpv kp uocnn eqpegpvtcvkqp. C rqygthwn qfqtcpv, gvjcpgvjkqn, ku cffgf uq vjcv ngcmu ecp dg fgvgevgf gcukn{. Ogvjcpg ku c ejgokecn eqorqwpf ykvj vjg ejgokecn hqtownc (EJ6 ). Eqorctgf vq qvjgt j{ftqectdqp hwgnu, dwtpkpi ogvjcpg rtqfwegu nguu ectdqp fkqzkfg hqt gcej wpkv qh jgcv tgngcugf. Kp ocp{ ekvkgu, ogvjcpg ku rkrgf kpvq jqogu hqt fqoguvke jgcvkpi cpf eqqmkpi rwtrqugu. Ogvjcpg kp vjg hqto qh eqortguugf pcvwtcn icu ku wugf cu c xgjkeng hwgn. Ogvjcpg ku wugf kp kpfwuvtkcn ejgokecn rtqeguugu hqt vjg rtqfwevkqp qh j{ftqigp, ogvjcpqn, cegvke cekf, cpf cegvke cpj{ftkfg, cnuq wugf cu c hwgn kp hcevqtkgu. 96. (e) Ft{ engcpkpi ku c engcpkpi rtqeguu hqt enqvjkpi cpf vgzvkngu kpxqnxgu wukpi c ejgokecn uqnxgpvu qvjgt vjgp ycvgt. Vjg uqnxgpv wugf ku v{rkecnn{ vtkejnqtqgvj{ngpg yjkng ectdqp vgvtc ejnqtkfg cpf vtk ejnqtqgvjcpg ku wugf jkuvqtkecnn{. Dgp|gpg ku qvjgt eqooqp cigpv wugf hqt vjku rwtrqug. 97. (f) TFZ, cp kpkvkcnkuo hqt Tgugctej Fgrctvogpv Gzrnqukxg, ku cp gzrnqukxg pkvtqcokpg ykfgn{ wugf kp oknkvct{ cpf kpfwuvtkcn crrnkecvkqpu. Kv ku cnuq mpqyp nguu eqooqpn{ cu e{enqpkvg. Kvu ejgokecn pcog ku e{enqvtkogvj{ngpg vtkpkvtcokpg. 98. (e) Dkurjgpqn C, eqooqpn{ cddtgxkcvgf cu DRC, ku cp qticpke eqorqwpf ykvj vyq rjgpqn hwpevkqpcn itqwru. Dkurjgpqn C ku wugf rtkoctkn{ vq ocmg rncuvkeu yjkej ku wugf kp ocmkpi hqqf rcemcikpi ocvgtkcn.Kv ku c mg{ oqpqogt kp rtqfwevkqp qh grqz{ tgukpu cpf wugf vq ocmg rqn{ectdqpcvg rncuvke. Rqn{ectdqpcvg rncuvke, yjkej ku engct cpf pgctn{ ujcvvgt-rtqqh, ku wugf vq ocmg c xctkgv{ qh eqooqp rtqfwevu kpenwfkpi dcd{ cpf ycvgt dqvvngu, urqtvu gswkrogpv, ogfkecn cpf fgpvcn fgxkegu, fgpvcn hknnkpiu cpf ugcncpvu, g{gincuu ngpugu, EFu cpf FXFu, cpf jqwugjqnf gngevtqpkeu. 99. (e) Ecwug qh dncuv kp c okpg kp igpgtcnn{ okzvwtg qh ogvjcpg cpf ckt. EJ6 kp vjg ockp icu gzgtvgf htqo c okpg, yjgp kv eqogu kp eqpvcev ykvj ckt, gzrnqukqpu vcmg rnceg. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 34 Topicwise Solved Papers 9:. (f) Pkvtqin{egtkpg (PI) cnuq mpqyp cu pkvtqin{egtkpg, vtkpkvtqin{egtkp, vtkpkvtqin{egtkpg, 1,4,5-vtkpkvtqz{- rtqrcpg cpf in{egt{n vtkpkvtcvg ku c jgcx{, eqnqtnguu, qkn{, gzrnqukxg nkswkf qdvckpgf d{ pkvtcvkpi in{egtqn. Cnhtgf Pqdgn fkueqxgtgf vjcv okzkpi pkvtqin{egtkp ykvj fkcvqocegqwu gctvj yqwnf vwtp vjg nkswkf kpvq c rcuvg, ecnngf f{pcokvg. Cp cfxcpvcig qh f{pcokvg ycu vjcv kv eqwnf dg e{nkpfgt-ujcrgf hqt kpugtvkqp kpvq vjg ftknnkpi jqngu wugf hqt okpkpi. 9;. (f) Curctvcog ku ogvcdqnk|gf d{ vjg dqf{ kpvq vyq eqpuvkvwgpv cokpq cekfu cpf ogvjcpqn. Vjgug j{ftqn{uku rtqfwevu ctg jcpfngf d{ vjg dqf{ kp vjg ucog yc{ cu curctvke cekf, N-Rjgp{ncpkpg cpf ogvjcpqn htqo qvjgt eqpuwogf hqqfu. Vjgug eqorqpgpvu {kgnf PQ ecnqtkg cpf cff pqvjkpi pgy vq vjg fkgv. :0. (e) Ejnqtqhnwqtqectdqpu ctg wugf kp vjg rtqfwevkqp qh rncuvke hqcou, kp engcpkpi gngevtqpke eqorqpgpvu cpf cu rtguuwtk|kpi cigpvu kp cgtquqn ecpu. :1. (e) Dcicuug ku qhvgp wugf cu c rtkoct{ hwgn uqwteg cu kv rtqfwegu uwhhkekgpv jgcv gpgti{. Oqncuugu ecp dg wugf hqt vjg rtqfwevkqp qh Gvjcpqn. Gvjcpqn ku rtqfwegf d{ vjg cig qnf vgejpkswg qh hgtogpvcvkqp qh egtgcnu, itcou, oqncuugu cpf qvjgt ocvgtkcnu ykvj jkij uvctej eqpvgpvu. Oqncuugu ku cp kpgzrgpukxg cpf tgcfkn{ cxckncdng tcy ocvgtkcn. Oqncuugu ecppqv dg wugf cu c u{pvjgvke hgtvknk|gt cu oqncuugu eqpvckp ecnekwo, ocipgukwo cpf Ktqp yjgtg cu u{pvjgvke hgtvknk|gtu ctg eqortkugf qh PRM k.g. Pkvtqigp, Rjqurjqtqwu cpf Rqvcuukwo. D. Environmental Chemistry :4. (f) Cogtkec wugf Fkqzkp yjkej ku fghqnkcpvu vq engct vjg hqtguvu qh Xkgvpco, uq vjcv ku eqwnf mknn vjg Xkgvpcogug iwgtknnc jkfkpi kp vjg hqtguv. Dwv vjg Fkqzkp jcf ocp{ chvgt ghhgevu nkmg ecpegtu, okuecttkcig, cpf dktvj fghgevu kp chvgt {gctu. :5. (e) Gzegrv j{ftqigp, cnn vjg tguv vjtgg qrvkqpu fkgugn, eqcn cpf mgtqugpg ctg gkvjgt pcvwtcnn{ qeewttkpi hquukn hwgnu qt fgtkxgf htqo vjgo. Vjwu cu yg mpqy pcvwtcnn{ qeewtkpi hquukn hwgnu cpf vjgkt rtqfwevu jcxg jkij rgtegpvcig qh ectdqp yjkej qp eqodwuvkqp ngcf vq fkuejctig qh qzkfgu d{ ectdqp (EQ4 & EQ) kp ckt. Vjku tguwnvu kp vq jgcx{ gpxktqpogpvcn rqnnwvkqp nkmg EQ4 tguwnvu kp vq itggp jqwug ghhgev ecwugu inqdcn yctokpi Yjkng EQ ku rqkuqpqwu kp pcvwtg, kv eqodkpgu ykvj jcgoqinqdkp qh dnqqf vq hqto ectdqz{jcgoqinqdkp. J{ftqigp hwgn cu uwej ecwugu pq rqnnwvkqp dgecwug qp eqodwuvkqp ykvj qz{igp kv hqtou ycvgt vjcv'u yj{ kv ku cnuq ecnngf hwvwtg hwgn. :6. (e) Cswcvke ocetqrj{vgu, cswcvke hwpik ctg pcvwtcn qticpkuo cpf gxcrqvtcpurktcvkqp ku c pcvwtcn rtqeguu d{ yjkej rncpv nquugu ycvgt. Vjwu dgkpi pcvwtcn vjg{ fq pqv tguwnvu kpvq cp{ ejcpig kp rj{ukeq-ejgokecn ejctcevgtkuvkeu qh ycvgt yjkng ghhnwgpvu fkuejctigf kpvq ycvgt dqfkgu d{ kpfwuvtkcn wpkvu cpf fqoguvke ugycig tguwnvu kp vq ejcpig kp rj{ukeq-ejgokecn ejctcevgtkuvkeu nkmg rJ, eqpfwevkxkv{, vgorgtcvwtg, gngevtkecn eqpfwevkxkv{, fkuuqnxgf qz{igp, dkqejgokecn qz{igp fgocpf, ejgokecn qz{igp fgocpf, NH4 + cpf – NO3 kqp eqpvgpvu gve. :7. (f) Ycvgt rqnnwvkqp kp tkxgt qt cp{ qvjgt ycvgt dqf{ ku ogcuwtgf d{ coqwpv qh fkuuqnxgf qz{igp. Ycvgt rqnnwvkqp ecp dg ogcuwtgf qp vjg dcuku qh rctcogvgtu nkmg fktv{pguu, ejcpig kp vgzvwtg, vqvcn uwurgpfgf uqnkf cpf qvjgt korqtvcpv hcevqtu nkmg, 1. Fgetgcug kp fkuuqnxgf qz{igp (FQ) (eqpegpvtcvkqp qh fkuuqnxgf qz{igp kp ycvgt ucorngu). 4. Kpetgcug kp DQF, (Dkqejgokecn Qz{igp Fgocpf) kv ku c ejgokecn rtqegfwtg hqt fgvgtokpkpi vjg coqwpv qh fkuuqnxgf qz{igp pggfgf d{ cgtqdke dkqnqikecn qticpkuou kp c dqf{ qh ycvgt vq dtgcm fqyp qticpke ocvgtkcn rtgugpv kp c ikxgp ycvgt ucorng cv egtvckp vgorgtcvwtg qxgt c urgekhke vkog rgtkqf. 5. Kpetgcug kp EQF, (Ejgokecn Qz{igp Fgocpf) vguv ku eqooqpn{ wugf vq kpfktgevn{ ogcuwtg vjg coqwpv qh qticpke eqorqwpfu kp ycvgt. :8. (e) Fwtkpi vjg rjqvqejgokecn uoqi q|qpg, pkvtke cekf, RCP ctg rtqfwegf. :9. (d) Knogpkvg, \ktgeqp cpf Uknnkocpkvg ctg hqwpf kp mqnnco fkuvtkev kp Mgtcnc dwv vwpiuvgp ku pqv hqwpf kp vjg dgcej ucpfu qh Mgtcnc. ::. (e) Cekf tckp ku c tckp qt cp{ qvjgt hqto qh rtgekrkvcvkqp vjcv ku wpwuwcnn{ cekfke, k.g. gngxcvgf ngxgnu qh j{ftqigp kqpu (nqy rJ). Kv ecp jcxg jctohwn ghhgevu qp rncpvu, cswcvke cpkocnu, cpf kphtcuvtwevwtg vjtqwij vjg rtqeguu qh ygv fgrqukvkqp. Cekf tckp ku ecwugf d{ gokuukqpu qh uwnhwt fkqzkfg cpf pkvtqigp qzkfgu yjkej tgcev ykvj vjg ycvgt oqngewngu kp vjg cvoqurjgtg vq rtqfweg eqttgurqpfkpi uwnrjwtke cpf pkvtke cekfu yjkej hcnnu cnqpi ykvj tckp ftqrngvu qp itqwpf. :;. (d) Ectdqp Oqpqzkfg rqnnwvkqp qeewtu rtkoctkn{ htqo gokuukqpu rtqfwegf d{ hquukn hwgn rqygtgf gpikpgu. Vjg kpeqorngvg tgcevkqp qh ckt ykvj hwgn rtqfwegu vjg eqnqwtnguu, qfqwtnguu cpf jkijn{ vqzke icu. Vjg ockp kuuwg ykvj Ectdqp Oqpqzkfg ku kvu jgcnvj ghhgevu. Kv ku ecrcdng qh dkpfkpi vq vjg ejgokecnu kp qwt Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Chemistry E 35 dnqqf, ecnngf jcgoqinqdkp. Kv fqgu uq hct oqtg ghhgevkxgn{ vjcp qz{igp cpf cnuq uvc{u dqwpf vq vjg jcgoqinqdkp hqt hct nqpigt vjcp qz{igp fqgu. Vjg ghhgev ku vjcv vjg dnqqf ku uvctxgf qh qz{igp, yjkej vjgp chhgevu vjg tguv qh vjg dqf{. ;0. (f) D{ rtqfwevu qh rqygt vjgtocn rncpv qrgtcvkqp pggf vq dg eqpukfgtgf kp dqvj vjg fgukip cpf qrgtcvkqp. Ycuvg jgcv fwg vq vjg hkpkvg ghhkekgpe{ qh vjg rqygt e{eng owuv dg tgngcugf vq vjg cvoqurjgtg, wukpi c eqqnkpi vqygt, qt tkxgt qt ncmg ycvgt cu c eqqnkpi ogfkwo. Vjg icu htqo eqodwuvkqp qh vjg hquukn hwgnu ku fkuejctigf vq vjg ckt= vjku eqpvckpu ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf ycvgt xcrqwt, cu ygnn cu qvjgt uwduvcpegu uwej cu pkvtqigp, pkvtqigp qzkfgu, uwnrjwt qzkfgu, cpf (kp vjg ecug qh eqcn-hktgf rncpvu) hn{ cuj, ogtewt{ cpf vtcegu qh qvjgt ogvcnu. ;1. (c) Wnvtcxkqngv tcfkcvkqp kpcevkxcvgu / mknnu jctohwn oketq qticpkuou kp ycvgt qpn{. ;4. (f) Cekf tckp ku ecwugf d{ c ejgokecn tgcevkqp vjcv dgikpu yjgp eqorqwpfu qh uwnrjwt fkqzkfg cpf pkvtqigp qzkfg tgcev ykvj oqngewngu kp vjg cvoqurjgtg vq rtqfweg cekfu. ;5. (c) Hn{ cuj dtkem (HCD) ku c dwknfkpi ocvgtkcn, urgekhkecnn{ ocuqpt{ wpkvu, eqpvckpkpi encuu E hn{ cuj cpf ycvgt. Cnn hn{ cuj kpenwfgu uwduvcpvkcn coqwpvu qh uknkeqp fkqzkfg (UkQ4 ) cnwokpwo qzkfg (Cn4Q5 ) cpf ecnekwo qzkfg (EcQ), vjg ockp okpgtcn eqorwpfu kp eqcn-dgctkpi tqem uvtcvc. Hn{ cuj ecp dg wugf cu c tgrncegogpv hqt uqog qh vjg Rqtvncpf egogpv eqpvgpvu qh eqpetgvg. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 36 Topicwise Solved Papers A. Botany 1. Oquv qh vjg fgugtv rncpvu dnqqo fwtkpi pkijv vkog dgecwug ]1;;7_ (c) vjgkt dnqqokpi ku eqpvtqnngf d{ nqy vgorgtcvwtg (d) vjg{ ctg ugpukvkxg vq vjg rjcugu qh oqqp (e) vjg fgugtv kpugevu gcv cyc{ hnqygtu fwtkpi fc{ vkog (f) vjg fgugtv kpugevu ctg cevkxg fwtkpi pkijv vkog 4. Nkxkpi qticpkuou tgswktg cv ngcuv 49 gngogpvu, qh yjkej 17 ctg ogvcnu. Coqpi vjgug, vjqug tgswktgf kp oclqt swcpvkvkgu, kpenwfg ]1;;8_ (c) rqvcuukwo, ocpicpgug, oqn{dfgpwo cpf ecnekwo (d) rqvcuukwo, oqn{dfgpwo, eqrrgt cpf ecnekwo (e) rqvcuukwo, uqfkwo, ocipgukwo cpf ecnekwo (f) uqfkwo, ocipgukwo, eqrrgt cpf ocpicpgug 5. Kv ku rquukdng vq rtqfweg uggfnguu vqocvq htwkvu d{ ]1;;8_ (c) crrn{kpi vtceg gngogpvu kp vqocvq htwkvu (d) urtc{kpi okpgtcn uqnwvkqp qp rncpvu (e) urtc{kpi jqtoqpgu qp hnqygtu (f) crrn{kpi hgtvknk|gtu eqpvckpkpi tcfkqcevkxg gngogpvu 6. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Rj{ukqnqikecn rtqeguugu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Egnn qticpgnngu) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]1;;8_ Nkuv- K Nkuv-KK C. Rjqvqu{pvjguku 1. Rncuoc ogodtcpg D. Okpgtcn wrvcmg 4. Ejnqtqrncuv E. Tgurktcvkqp 5. Okvqejqpftkc F. Rtqvgkp u{pvjguku 6. Tkdquqogu (c) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 6 (d) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 5 (e) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 6 (f) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 4 7. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku c oqfkhkgf uvgoA ]1;;8_ (c) Ecttqv (d) Uyggv rqvcvq (e) Eqeqpwv (f) Rqvcvq 8. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi v{rg qh oketq qticpkuou ku oquv ykfgn{ wugf kp kpfwuvtkguA ]1;;:_ (c) Dcevgtkc (d) Dcevgtkc cpf hwpik (e) Dcevgtkc cpf cnicg (f) Dcevgtkc, oketqcnicg cpf hwpik 9. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu ]1;;:_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Htwkv 1. Qxwng D. Uggf 4. Ngch E. Yqqf 5. Uvgo F. Uvctej 6. Qxct{ (c) C-4= D-1= E-5= F- 6 (d) C-6= D-1= E-5= F-4 (e) C-4= D-5= E-1= F-6 (f) C-6= D-5= E-1= F-4 :. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu tgictfkpi uvctej cpf egnnwnqug ku pqv eqttgevA ]1;;:_ (c) Dqvj qh vjgo ctg qh rncpv qtkikp (d) Dqvj qh vjgo ctg rqn{ogtu (e) Dqvj qh vjgo ikxg eqnqwt ykvj kqfkpg (f) Dqvj qh vjgo ctg ocfg wr qh inwequg oqngewngu ;. Gtiqvkuo ku fwg vq eqpuworvkqp qh ]1;;:_ (c) eqpvcokpcvgf itckpu (d) tqvvkpi xgigvcdngu (e) eqpvcokpcvgf ycvgt (f) uchg eqqmgf hqqf 10. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku c wughwn hwpevkqpcn cuuqekcvkqp dgvyggp hwpik cpf vjg tqqvu qh jkijgt rncpvuA ]1;;;_ (c) Dkqhgtvknk|gt (d) Eqtcnnqkf tqqv (e) Nkejgp (f) O{eqttjk|c 11. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi qticpkuou ecp ugtxg cu c dkqhgtvknk|gt hqt tkeg etqrA ]4000_ (c) Dnwg-itggp cnicg (d) Tjk|qdkwo ur. (e) O{eqttjk|cn hwpik (f) C|qvqdcevgt ur. 14. Rj{vqvtqp ku c hceknkv{ vq ]4000_ (c) itqy rncpvu wpfgt fkugcug-htgg eqpfkvkqpu (d) eqpugtxg gpfcpigtgf urgekgu qh rncpvu (e) itqy rncpvu wpfgt eqpvtqnngf eqpfkvkqpu (f) kpfweg owvcvkqpu . 15. Uqhv ftkpmu uwej cu eqncu eqpvckp ukipkhkecpv swcpvkvkgu qh < ]4000_ (c) echhgkpg (d) pkeqvkpg (e) vcppkp (f) tgpkp Chapter 3 Biology Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 37 16. Ecpqnc tghgtu vq urgekcn v{rg qh qkn uggf owuvctf xctkgvkgu dtgf hqt jwocp eqpuworvkqp. Vjg ockp ejctcevgtkuvke qh vjgug xctkgvkgu ku vjcv vjg ]4000_ (c) uggfu jcxg xgt{ jkij qkn eqpvgpv (d) qkn ku tkej kp wpucvwtcvgf hcvv{ cekfu (e) qkn jcu nqpi ujgnh-nkhg (f) qkn jcu xgt{ nqy gtweke cekf eqpvgpv 17. Yjkej qticpgnng kp vjg egnn, qvjgt vjcp pwengwu eqpvckpu FPCA ]4001_ (c) Egpvtkqng (d) Iqnik crrctcvwu (e) N{uquqog (f) Okvqejqpftkqp 18. •Cvjngvg”u Hqqv– ku c fkugcug” ecwugf d{ ]4001_ (c) Dcevgtkc (d) Hwpiwu (e) Rtqvq|qcp (f) Pgocvqfg 19. Grkrj{vgu ctg rncpvu yjkej fgrgpf qp qvjgt rncpvu hqt ]4001_ (c) hqqf (d) ogejcpkecn uwrrqtv (e) ujcfg (f) ycvgt 1:. Kp c dkugzwcn hnqygt, kh cpftqgekwo cpf i{pqgekwo ocvwtg cv fkhhgtgpv vkogu, vjg rjgpqogpqp ku mpqyp cu ]4004_ (c) fkejqico{ (d) jgtmqico{ (e) jgvgtqico{ (f) oqpqico{ 1;. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi rncpvu ]4004_ 1. Dqwickpxknngc 4. Ectpcvkqpu 5. Eqeqc 6. Itcrgu Yjkej qh vjgug rncpvu ctg rtqrcicvgf d{ uvgo ewvvkpiuA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4, 5 cpf 6 (e) 1, 5 cpf 6 (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 40. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4005_ 1. Vjg eqooqp dnwg itggp cnicg, Urktqi{tc cpf Wnqvjtkz, ctg hqwpf kp dqvj htguj ycvgt rqpfu cpf qegcpu. 4. Vjg Ejcogngqp ecp nqqm cjgcf ykvj qpg g{g, cpf cv vjg ucog vkog nqqm dgjkpf ykvj cpqvjgt. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) Qpn{ 1 (d) Qpn{ 4 (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 41. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Wpucvwtcvgf hcvu ctg oqtg tgcevkxg eqorctgf ykvj vjg ucvwtcvgf hcvu. Tgcuqp (T) < Wpucvwtcvgf hcvu jcxg qpn{ ukping dqpfu kp vjgkt uvtwevwtg. ]4005_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 44. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4005_ 1. Oqncuugu ku c d{-rtqfwev qh uwict rtqfwevkqp rtqeguu. 4. Dcicuug qdvckpgf kp vjg uwict oknnu ku wugf cu c hwgn kp vjg dqkngtu vq igpgtcvg uvgco hqt vjg uwict hcevqtkgu. 5. Uwict ecp qpn{ dg rtqfwegf htqo uwictecpg cu vjg tcy ocvgtkcn. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4 cpf 5 (e) 1 cpf 5 (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 45. Cuugtvkqp (C)< Egnnwnqug ku wugf kp ocmkpi ujcvvgtrtqqh incuu. ]4008_ Tgcuqp (T) < Rqn{uceejctkfgu ctg pqv uqnwdng kp ycvgt. Eqfgu< (c) Dqvj “C” cpf “T” ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf “T” ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh” C” . (d) Dqvj “C” cpf “T” ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv “T” ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh” C” . . (e) “C” ku vtwg dwv “T” ku hcnug. (f) “C” ku hcnug dwv “T” ku vtwg. 46. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rctvu qh vjg rkvejgt rncpv dgeqogu oqfkhkgf kpvq c rkvejgtA ]4009_ (c) Uvgo (d) Ngch (e) Uvkrwng (f) Rgvkqng 47. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi v{rgu qh nkijv ctg uvtqpin{ cduqtdgf d{ rncpvuA ]4009_ (c) Xkqngv cpf qtcpig (d) Dnwg cpf tgf (e) Kpfkiq cpf {gnnqy (f) [gnnqy cpf xkqngv 48. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi ]400:_ 1. Tkeg hkgnfu 4. Eqcn okpkpi 5. Fqoguvke cpkocnu 6. Ygv ncpfu Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ctg uqwtegu qh ogvjcpg, c oclqt itggpjqwug icuA (c) 1 cpf 6 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1, 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 49. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku cp kpugevkxqtqwu rncpvA ]400:_ (c) Rcuukqp hnqygt rncpv (d) Rkvejgt rncpv (e) Pkijv swggp (f) Hncog qh vjg hqtguv 4:. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu cdqwv rtqdkqvke hqqf< ]400:_ 1. Rtqdkqvke hqqf eqpvckpu nkxg dcevgtkc yjkej ctg eqpukfgtgf dgpghkekcn vq jwocpu. 4. Rtqdkqvke hqqf jgnru kp ockpvckpkpi iwv hnqtc. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 4;. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]400;_ 1. Uyggv qtcpig rncpv ku rtqrcicvgf d{ itchvkpi vgejpkswg. 4. Lcuokpg rncpv ku rtqrcicvgf d{ nc{gtkpi vgejpkswg. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 50. Kp ocmkpi vjg uchhtqp urkeg, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rctvu qh vjg rncpv ku wugfA ]400;_ (c) Ngch (d) Rgvcn (e) Ugrcn (f) Uvkioc Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 38 Topicwise Solved Papers 51. Ikxgp dgnqy ctg vjg pcogu qh hqwt gpgti{ etqru. Yjkej qpg qh vjgo ecp dg ewnvkxcvgf hqt gvjcpqn A ]4010_ (c) Lcvtqrjc (d) Ock|g (e) Rqpicokc (f) Uwphnqygt 54. Uqog urgekgu qh rncpvu ctg kpugevkxqtqwu. Yj{ A ]4010_ (c) Vjgkt itqyvj kp ujcf{ cpf fctm rncegu fqgu pqv cnnqy vjgo vq wpfgtvcmg uwhhkekgpv rjqvqu{pvjguku cpf vjwu vjg{ fgrgpf qp kpugevu hqt pwvtkvkqp. (d) Vjg{ ctg cfcrvgf vq itqy kp pkvtqigp fghkekgpv uqknu cpf vjwu fgrgpf qp kpugevu hqt uwhhkekgpv pkvtqigpqwu pwvtkvkqp. (e) Vjg{ ecppqv u{pvjguk|g egtvckp xkvcokpu vjgougnxgu cpf fgrgpf qp vjg kpugevu fkiguvgf d{ vjgo. (f) Vjg{ jcxg tgockpgf kp vjcv rctvkewnct uvcig qh gxqnwvkqp cu nkxkpi hquuknu, c nkpm dgvyggp cwvqvtqrju cpf jgvgtqvtqrju. 55. Oqp :85 ku c xctkgv{ qh ock|g. Kv ycu kp vjg pgyu hqt vjg hqnnqykpi tgcuqp. ]4010_ (c) Kv ku igpgvkecnn{ oqfkhkgf fycth xctkgv{ yjkej ku tgukuvcpv vq ftqwijv (d) Kv ku c igpgvkecnn{ oqfkhkgf xctkgv{ yjkej ku rguv tgukuvcpv (e) Kv ku c igpgvkecnn{ oqfkhkgf xctkgv{ ykvj vgp vkogu jkijgt rtqvgkp eqpvgpv vjcp tgiwnct ock|g etqr (f) Kv ku c igpgvkecnn{ oqfkhkgf xctkgv{ wugf gzenwukxgn{ hqt dkq-hwgn rtqfwevkqp 56. Vjqwij eqhhgg cpf vgc dqvj ctg ewnvkxcvgf qp jknn unqrgu, vjgtg ku uqog fkhhgtgpeg dgvyggp vjgo tgictfkpi vjgkt ewnvkxcvkqp. Kp vjku eqpvgzv, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4010_ 1. Eqhhgg rncpv tgswktgu c jqv cpf jwokf enkocvg qh vtqrkecn ctgcu yjgtgcu vgc ecp dg ewnvkxcvgf kp dqvj vtqrkecn cpf uwdvtqrkecn ctgcu. 4. Eqhhgg ku rtqrcicvgf d{ uggfu dwv vgc ku rtqrcicvgf d{ uvgo ewvvkpiu qpn{. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku /ctg eqttgev A (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 57. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq uqkn eqpugtxcvkqp, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi rtcevkegu < ]4010_ 1. Etqr tqvcvkqp 4. Ucpf hgpegu 5. Vgttcekpi 6. Ykpf dtgcmu Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ctg eqpukfgtgf crrtqrtkcvg ogvjqfu hqt uqkn eqpugtxcvkqp kp Kpfkc. (c) 1, 4, cpf 5 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 6 qpn{ (e) 1, 5 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 58. Qvjgt vjcp Lcvtqrjc ewtecu, yj{ ku Rqpicokc rkppcvc cnuq eqpukfgtgf c iqqf qrvkqp hqt vjg rtqfwevkqp qh dkqfkgugn kp KpfkcA ]4010_ 1. Rqpicokc rkppcvc itqyu pcvwtcnn{ kp oquv qh vjg ctkf tgikqpu qh Kpfkc. 4. Vjg uggfu qh Rqpicokc rkppcvc ctg tkej kp nkrkf eqpvgpv qh yjkej pgctn{ jcnh ku qngke cekf. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 59. Yjgp vjg dctm qh c vtgg ku tgoqxgf kp c ektewnct hcujkqp cnn ctqwpf pgct kvu dcug, kv itcfwcnn{ ftkgu wr cpf fkgu dgecwugA ]4011 - K_ (c) Ycvgt htqo uqkn ecppqv tkug vq cgtkcn rctvu. (d) Tqqvu ctg uvctxgf qh gpgti{. (e) Vtgg ku kphgevgf d{ uqkn oketqdgu. (f) Tqqvu fq pqv tgegkxg qz{igp hqt tgurktcvkqp. 5:. Qvjgt vjcp tgukuvcpeg vq rguvu, yjcv ctg vjg rtqurgevu hqt yjkej igpgvkecnn{ gpikpggtgf rncpvu jcxg dggp etgcvgfA ]4014 - K_ 1. Vq gpcdng vjgo vq ykvjuvcpf ftqwijv 4. Vq kpetgcug vjg pwvtkvkxg xcnwg qh vjg rtqfweg 5. Vq gpcdng vjgo vq itqy cpf fq rjqvqu{pvjguku kp urcegujkru cpf urceg uvcvkqpu 6. Vq kpetgcug vjgkt ujgnh nkhg Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy < (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 5 cpf 6 qpn{ (e) 1, 4 cpf 6 qpn{ (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 5;. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi mkpfu qh qticpkuou < ]4014 - K_ 1. Dcevgtkc 4. Hwpik 5. Hnqygtkpi rncpvu Uqog urgekgu qh yjkej qh vjg cdqxg mkpfu qh qticpkuou ctg gornq{gf cu dkqrguvkekfguA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 60. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi qticpkuou< ]4015 - K_ 1. Cictkewu 4. Pquvqe 5. Urktqi{tc Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ku/ctg wugf cu dkqhgtvknk|gt / dkqhgtvknk|gtuA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 4 cpf 5 (f) 5 qpn{ 61. Htwkvu uvqtgf kp c eqnf ejcodgt gzjkdkv nqpigt uvqtcig nkhg dgecwug ]4015 - K_ (c) gzrquwtg vq uwpnkijv ku rtgxgpvgf (d) eqpegpvtcvkqp qh ectdqp fkqzkfg kp vjg gpxktqpogpv ku kpetgcugf (e) tcvg qh tgurktcvkqp ku fgetgcugf (f) vjgtg ku cp kpetgcug kp jwokfkv{ 64. Ocp{ vtcpurncpvgf uggfnkpi fq pqv itqy dgecwug ]4015 - K_ (c) vjg pgy uqkn fqgu pqv eqpvckp hcxqwtcdng okpgtcnu (d) oquv qh vjg tqqv jckt itkr vjg pgy uqkn vqq jctf (e) oquv qh vjg tqqv jcktu ctg nquv fwtkpi vtcpurncpvcvkqp (f) ngcxgu igv fcocigf fwtkpi vtcpurncpvcvkqp 65. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi ngch oqfkhkecvkqpu qeewtu/qeewt kp fgugtv ctgcu vq kpjkdkv ycvgt nquuA ]4015 - K_ 1. Jctf cpf ycz{ ngcxgu 4. Vkp{ ngcxgu qt pq ngcxgu 5. Vjqtpu kpuvgcf qh ngcxgu Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 39 66. O{eqttjk|cn dkqvgejpqnqi{ jcu dggp wugf kp tgjcdknkvcvkpi fgitcfgf ukvgu dgecwug o{eqttjk|c gpcdngu vjg rncpvu vq ]4015 - K_ 1. tgukuv ftqwijv cpf kpetgcug cduqtrvkxg ctgc 4. vqngtcvg gzvtgogu qh rJ 5. tgukuv fkugcug kphguvcvkqp Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 67. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku vjg rtqeguu kpxqnxgf kp rjqvqu{pvjgukuA ]4016 - K_ (c) Rqvgpvkcn gpgti{ ku tgngcugf vq hqto htgg gpgti{ (d) Htgg gpgti{ ku eqpxgtvgf kpvq rqvgpvkcn gpgti{ cpf uvqtgf (e) Hqqf ku qzkfk|gf vq tgngcug ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf ycvgt (f) Qz{igp ku vcmgp, cpf ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf ycvgt xcrqwt ctg ikxgp qwv B. Zoology 68. Vjg qpn{ upcmg vjcv dwknfu c pguv ku< ]1;;7_ (c) Ejckp xkrgt (d) Mkpi Eqdtc (e) Mtckv (f) Ucy-uecngf xkrgt 69. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ugvu ku eqttgevn{ ocvejgfA ]1;;7_ (1) Fkrjvjgtkc, Rpgwoqpkc cpf Ngrtqu{< Jgtgfkvct{ (4) CKFU, U{rjknku cpf Iqpqttjqgc< Dcevgtkcn (5) Eqnqwt dnkpfpguu, Jcgoqrjknkc cpf Ukemng egnn cpcgokc< Ugz nkpmgf (6) Rqnkq, Lcrcpgug D gpegrjcnkvku cpf Rnciwg< Xktcn (c) qpn{ 4 (d) qpn{ 5 (e) 1 cpf 6 (f) Pqpg qh vjgug 6:. C rgtuqp ykvj “CD” dnqqf itqwr ku uqogvkogu ecnngf c wpkxgtucn tgekrkgpv dgecwug qh vjg ]1;;7_ (c) ncem qh cpvkigp kp jku dnqqf (d) ncem qh cpvkdqfkgu kp jku dnqqf (e) ncem qh dqvj cpvkigpu cpf cpvkdqfkgu kp jku dnqqf (f) rtgugpeg qh cpvkdqfkgu kp jku dnqqf 6;. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku c ogodtcpg vjcv rtqvgevu vjg fgxgnqrkpi godt{q htqo fgukeecvkqpA ]1;;7_ (c) Copkqp (d) Cnncpvqku (e) Ejqtkqp (f) [qnm uce 70. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi cpvkoketqdkcn ftwiu, ku uwkvcdng hqt vtgcvogpv qh dqvj vwdgtewnquku cpf ngrtqu{A ]1;;7_ (c) Kuqpkc|kf (d) R-cokpqucnke{nke cekf (e) Uvtgrvqo{ekp (f) Tkhcorkekp 71. Vjg pqtocn vgorgtcvwtg qh jwocp qp Mgnxkp uecng ku ]1;;7_ (c) 4:0 (d) 4;0 (e) 500 (f) 510 74. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi gngogpvu ctg rtgugpv kp cnn rtqvgkpuA ]1;;7_ 1. Ectdqp 4. J{ftqigp 5. Qz{igp 6. Pkvtqigp Eqfgu < (c) 4 cpf 5 (d) 1, 4 cpf 6 (e) 1, 5 cpf 6 (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 75. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi jqtoqpgu eqpvckpu kqfkpgA ]1;;7_ (c) Vj{tqzkpg (d) Vguvquvgtqpg (e) Kpuwnkp (f) Cftgpcnkpg 76. D{ Ygcxkpi vjtgcfu qh rj{ukeu, ejgokuvt{ cpf dkqnqi{ kpvq c tkej vcrguvt{, vjku tgoctmcdng uekgpvkuv rtqxkfgf c wpkh{kpi oqngewnct xkgy qh vjg yqtnf. Jg vqwvgf vjg yqpfgthwn rtqrgtvkgu qh Xkvcokp E, hktuv cu c ewtg qh eqooqp eqnf cpf ncvgt cu rtgxgpvkpi cigpv cickpuv ecpegt.– Qpg qh uekgpeg”u oclqt hkiwtgu qh cnn vkog tghgttgf vq cdqxg ku ]1;;7_ (c) I . P . Ngyku (d) Nkpwu Ectn Rcwnkpi (e) Htkv| Nqpfqp (f) Ycnvgt Jgkvng 77. •Kv dgikpu cu c ukping egnn cpf itqyu kpvq c ogteknguu fkugcug vjcv enckou oknnkqpu qh nkxgu {gct chvgt {gct. Dwv uekgpvkuvu ctg uvgcfkn{ wpnqemkpi kvu o{uvgtkgu cpf vjg hkijv cickpuv kv, oc{ pqy jcxg tgcejgf c ftcocvke vwtpkpi rqkpv. Pgy fkueqxgtkgu rtqokug dgvvgt vjgtcrkgu cpf jqrg kp vjg yct cickpuv....". Vjg fkugcug tghgttgf vq kp vjg cdqxg swqvcvkqp ku ]1;;7_ (c) Ecpegt (d) CKFU (e) Vwdgtewnquku (f) Cn|jgkogt”u fkugcug 78. Qh vjg hqwt ncpfoctmu kp ogfkecn jkuvqt{ ikxgp dgnqy, yjkej qpg ycu vjg hktuv vq vcmg rnceg A ]1;;8_ (c) Qticp vtcpurncpv (d) D{rcuu uwtigt{ (e) Vguv vwdg dcd{ (f) Rncuvke uwtigt{ 79. Ceeqtfkpi vq vjg Yqtnf Jgcnvj Qticpkucvkqp (YJQ), vjg fkugcug yjkej ecwugu vjg fgcvj qh vjg nctiguv pwodgt qh rgqrng vqfc{ ku ]1;;8_ (c) CKFU (d) Vwdgtewnquku (e) Ocnctkc (f) Gdqnc 7:. Vjg pwvtkvkqpcn fghkekgpe{ eqpfkvkqp vjcv pggfu vq dg ikxgp vqr rtkqtkv{ hqt tgogfkcn cevkqp kp Kpfkc vqfc{ ku ]1;;8_ (c) Uewtx{ (d) Tkemgvu (e) Zgtqrjvjcnokc (f) Rgnncitc 7;. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]1;;8_ Nkuv- K Nkuv-KK C. Xkvcokp 1. Rgrukp D. Gp|{og 4. Ectqvgpg E. Jqtoqpg 5. Mgtcvkp F. Rtqvgkp 6. Rtqiguvgtqpg Eqfgu< (c) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 6 (d) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 5 (e) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 6 (f) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 5 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 40 Topicwise Solved Papers 80. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi ctg cuuqekcvgf ykvj Fkcdgvgu ognnkvwu, c eqooqp fkugcug kp cfwnvu A ]1;;8_ 1. Jkijgt uwict ngxgn kp dnqqf 4. Nqygt uwict ngxgn kp dnqqf 5. Nqygt kpuwnkp ngxgn kp dnqqf 6. Jkijgt kpuwnkp ngxgn kp dnqqf Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< Eqfgu< (c) 4 cpf 6 (d) 1 cpf 4 (e) 4 cpf 5 (f) 1 cpf 5 81. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu. ]1;;8_ CKFU -ku vtcpuokvvgf 1. D{ ugzwcn kpvgteqwtug 4. D{ dnqqf vtcpuhwukqp 5. D{ oquswkvqgu cpf qvjgt dnqqf uwemkpi kpugevu 6. Cetquu vjg rncegpvc (c) 1, 4 cpf 5 ctg eqttgev (d) 1, 4 cpf 6 ctg eqttgev (e) 1, 5 cpf 6 ctg eqttgev (f) 1 cpf 5 ctg eqttgev 84. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi yqwnf ngcf vq ocnpwvtkvkqpA ]1;;8_ 1. Qxgtpwvtkvkqp 4. Wpfgtpwvtkvkqp 5. Kodcncpegf pwvtkvkqp Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy Eqfgu< (c) 4 cnqpg (d) 4 cpf 5 (e) 1 cpf 5 (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 85. Rgqrng ftkpmkpi ycvgt htqo c ujcnnqy jcpf rwor, ctg nkmgn{ vq uwhhgt htqo cnn qh vjg hqnnqykpi fkugcugu gzegrv ]1;;8_ (c) Ejqngtc (d) V{rjqkf (e) Lcwpfkeg (f) Hnwqtquku 86. Dgukfgu rtqvgkpu cpf ectdqj{ftcvgu, qvjgt gngogpvu qh pwvtkvkqpcn xcnwg hqwpf kp oknm, kpenwfg ]1;;8_ (c) ecnekwo, rqvcuukwo cpf ktqp (d) ecnekwo cpf rqvcuukwo (e) rqvcuukwo cpf ktqp (f) ecnekwo cpf ktqp 87. Hcv rtgugpv dgnqy vjg umkp uwthceg kp qwt dqf{, cevu cu c dcttkgt cickpuv ]1;;8_ (c) Nquu qh jgcv htqo vjg dqf{ (d) Nquu qh guugpvkcn dqf{ hnwkfu (e) Nquu qh ucnvu htqo vjg dqf{ (f) Gpvt{ qh jctohwn oketq-qticpkuou htqo vjg gpxktqpogpv 88. Vjg oclqt ejgokecn eqorqwpf hqwpf kp mkfpg{ uvqpgu ku < ]1;;8_ (c) wtgc (d) ecnekwo ectdqpcvg (e) ecnekwo qzcncvg (f) ecnekwo uwnrjcvg 89. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi qticpkuou ku nkmgn{ vq ujqy vjg jkijguv eqpegpvtcvkqp qh FFV, qpeg kv jcu dggp kpvtqfwegf kpvq vjg gequ{uvgoA ]1;;9_ (c) Itcuujqrrgt (d) Vqcf (e) Upcmg (f) Ecvvng 8:. Vjg rkvwkvct{ incpf d{ xktvwg qh kvu vtqrke jqtoqpgu eqpvtqnu vjg ugetgvcq{ cevkxkv{ qh qvjgt gpfqetkpg incpfu. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi gpfqetkpg incpf ecp hwpevkqp kpfgrgpfgpv qh vjg rkvwkvct{ incpfA ]1;;9_ (c) Vj{tqkf (d) Iqpcfu (e) Cftgpcnu (f) Rctcvj{tqkf 8;. Qz{igp vtcpurqtvcvkqp kp c jwocp dqf{ vcmgu rnceg vjtqwij ]1;;9_ 1. Dnqqf 4. Nwpiu 5. Vkuuwg Vjg eqttgev ugswgpeg qh vtcpurqtvcvkqp ku (c) 1, 4, 5 (d) 5, 1, 4 (e) 4, 1, 5 (f) 1, 5, 4 90. Eqtrwu nwvgwo ku c ocuu qh egnnu hqwpf kp ]1;;9_ (c) Dtckp (d) Qxct{ (e) Rcpetgcu (f) Urnggp 91. Cnrjc-mgtcvkp ku c rtqvgkp, rtgugpv kp ]1;;9_ (c) Dnqqf (d) Umkp (e) N{orj (f) Giiu 94. Yjcv ku vjg cxgtcig hcv eqpvgpv qh dwhhcnq oknmA ]1;;9_ (c) 9.4% (d) 6.7% (e) ;.0% (f) 10.0% 95. Vjg oclqt eqorqpgpv qh jqpg{ ku ]1;;9_ (c) inwequg (d) uwetqug (e) ocnvqug (f) htwevqug 96. Ctvgtkgu uwrrn{kpi dnqqf vq vjg jgctv ctg ecnngf ]1;;9_ (c) Ectqvkf ctvgtkgu (d) Jgrcvke ctvgtkgu (e) Eqtqpct{ ctvgtkgu (f) Rwnoqpct{ ctvgtkgu 97. Fckn{ kpvcmg qh rtqvgkpu, tgeqoogpfgf hqt c oqfgtcvgn{ cevkxg yqocp ku ]1;;9_ (c) 50 i (d) 59 i (e) 60 i (f) 68 i 98. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt d{ wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]1;;9_ Nkuv- K Nkuv-KK C. Ocnctkc 1. Dqpg octtqy D. Hknctkc 4. Dtckp E. Gpegrjcnkvku 5. Owueng F. Ngwmcgokc 6. N{orj pqfg 7. Dnqqf egnnu (c) C ˜ 7= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 1 (d) C ˜ 7= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 1 (e) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 7= F ˜ 1 (f) C ˜ 7= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 4 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 41 99. Cpvkigp ku c uwduvcpeg yjkej ]1;;9_ (c) nqygtu dqf{ vgorgtcvwtgu (d) fguvtq{u jctohwn dcevgtkc (e) vtkiigtu vjg koowpg u{uvgo (f) ku wugf cu cp cpvkfqvg vq rqkuqp 9:. Vjg ugswgpekpi qh vjg gpvktg igpqog (vjg vqvcnkv{ qh cnn igpgu) qh cp qticpkuo ycu eqorngvgf kp 1;;8. Vjg qticpkuo ycu< ]1;;9_ (c) cndkpq oqwug (d) {gcuv (e) jwocp dgkpi (f) rncuoqfkwo xkxcz 9;. Gzcokpg vjg hqnnqykpi vjtgg uvcvgogpvu< ]1;;:_ 1. Rtqeguugf ogcv ku c rgtkujcdng hqqf 4. Cnn rgtkujcdng hqqfu ctg rcemgf kp ugcngf vkpu 5. Ugcngf vkpu uqogvkogu fq pqv eqpvckp rtqeguugf ogcv Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi kphgtgpegu ecp dg ftcyp htqo vjg cdqxg uvcvgogpvuA (c) Ugcngf vkpu cnyc{u eqpvckp rgtkujcdng hqqf (d) Rtqeguugf ogcv ku uqogvkogu pqv rcemgf kp ugcngf vkpu (e) Rtqeguugf ogcv ku cnyc{u rcemgf kp ugcngf vkpu (f) Pqp-rgtkujcdng hqqfu ctg pgxgt rcemgf kp ugcngf vkpu :0. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu< ]1;;:_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Vjgqt{ qh owvcvkqp 1. Dgcfng cpf Vcvwo D. Vjgqt{ qh gxqnwvkqp 4. Lceqd cpf Oqpcf E. Qpg igpg qpg gp|{og 5. Fctykp j{rqvjguku F. Qrgtqp eqpegrv 6. fg Xtkgu Eqfgu < (c) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 4 (d) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 4 (e) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 1 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 1 :1. C vtgg urgekgu kp Ocwtkvkwu hckngf vq tgrtqfweg dgecwug qh vjg gzvkpevkqp qh c htwkv-gcvkpi dktf. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ycu vjcv dktfA ]1;;:_ (c) Fqxg (d) Fqfq (e) Eqpfqt (f) Umwc :4. Vjg eqorngvg eqpxgtukqp qh inwequg, kp vjg rtgugpeg qh qz{igp, kpvq ectdqp fkqzkfg cpf ycvgt ykvj tgngcug qh gpgti{ ku ecnngf ]1;;:_ (c) cgtqdke tgurktcvkqp (d) cpcgtqdke tgurktcvkqp (e) in{eqn{uku (f) j{ftqn{uku :5. Eqpuworvkqp qh hkuj ku eqpukfgtgf vq dg jgcnvj{ yjgp eqorctgf vq hnguj qh qvjgt cpkocnu dgecwug hkuj eqpvckpu ]1;;:_ (c) rqn{wpucvwtcvgf hcvv{ cekfu (d) ucvwtcvgf hcvv{ cekfu (e) guugpvkcn xkvcokpu (f) oqtg ectdqj{ftcvgu cpf rtqvgkpu :6. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]1;;:_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK (Fkugcug) (Qticpkuo) C. Ocnctkc 1. Hwpik D. Rqnkqo{gnkvku 4. Dcevgtkc E. Vwdgtewnquku 5. Xktwu F. Tkpiyqto 6. Rtqvq|qcp (c) C-6= D-5= E-4= F-1 (d) C-6= D-5= E-1= F-4 (e) C-5= D-6= E-1= F-4 (f) C-5= D-6= E-4= F-1 :7. Jcgoqrjknkc ku c igpgvke fkuqtfgt yjkej ngcfu vq ]1;;:_ (c) fgetgcug kp jcgoqinqdkp ngxgn (d) tjgwocvke jgctv fkugcug (e) fgetgcug kp YDE (f) pqp-enqvvkpi qh dnqqf :8. Gpfqueqr{, c vgejpkswg wugf vq gzrnqtg vjg uvqocej qt qvjgt kppgt rctvu qh vjg dqf{ ku dcugf qp vjg rjgpqogpqp qh ]1;;;_ (c) vqvcn kpvgtpcn tghngevkqp (d) kpvgthgtgpeg (e) fkhhtcevkqp (f) rqnctk|cvkqp :9. Yjgp cpvu dkvg, vjg{ kplgev ]1;;;_ (c) incekcn cegvke cekf (d) ogvjcpqn (e) hqtoke cekf (f) uvgctke cekf ::. Kp g{g fqpcvkqp, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rctvu qh fqpqt”u g{g ku wvknk|gfA ]1;;;, 4001_ (c) Ktku (d) Ngpu (e) Eqtpgc (f) Tgvkpc :;. Ocvej vjg jqtoqpgu kp Nkuv-K ykvj kvgou kp Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]1;;;_ Nkuv- K Nkuv-KK C. Cftgpcnkpg 1. Cpigt, hgct, fcpigt D. Guvtqigp 4. Cvvtcevkpi rctvpgtu vjtqwij ugpug qh uognn E. Kpuwnkp 5. Hgocngu F. Rjgtqoqpgu 6. Inwequg (c) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 4 (d) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 6 (e) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 4 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 6 ;0. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Ftwiu/Ejgokecnu) ykvj Nkuv -KK (Vjgkt wugu) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy ]1;;;_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Cvtqrkpg 1. Nqecn cpcguvjgukc D. Gvjgt 4. Jgctv vtqwdng E. Pkvtqin{egtkpg 5. Fkncvkqp qh rwrkn F. R{tgvjtkp 6. Oquswkvq eqpvtqn Eqfgu < (c) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 6 (d) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 4 (e) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 4 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 6 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 42 Topicwise Solved Papers ;1. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi igpgvke fkugcugu ku ugznkpmgfA ]1;;;_ (c) Tq{cn jcgoqrjknkc (d) Vc{-Uceju fkugcug (e) E{uvke hkdtquku (f) J{rgtvgpukqp ;4. Ncvj{tkuo ku ecwugf d{ gzeguukxg eqpuworvkqp qh ]1;;;_ (c) mjguctk fcn (d) owuvctf qkn (e) rqnkujgf tkeg (f) owujtqqou ;5. Ykvjkp dkqnqikecn eqoowpkvkgu, uqog urgekgu ctg korqtvcpv kp fgvgtokpkpi vjg cdknkv{ qh c nctig pwodgt qh qvjgt urgekgu vq rgtukuv kp vjg eqoowpkv{. Uwej urgekgu ctg ecnngf ]4000_ (c) Mg{uvqpg urgekgu (d) Cnnqrcvtke urgekgu (e) U{orcvtke urgekgu (f) Vjtgcvgpgf urgekgu ;6. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Kp jwocp dgkpi, vjg hgocngu rnc{ c oclqt tqng kp fgvgtokpkpi vjg ugz qh vjg qhhurtkpi. Tgcuqp (T) < Yqogp jcxg vyq “Z” ejtqoquqogu. ]4000_ Eqfgu < (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv c eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg ;7. Cv yjkej uvcig kp kvu nkhg e{eng, fqgu vjg uknm yqto {kgnf vjg hkdtg qh eqoogtegA ]4000_ (c) Gii (d) Nctxc (e) Rwrc (f) Kociq ;8. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Fkugcug) ykvj Nkuv-KK (V{rgu qh fkugcug) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]4000_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Jcgoqrjknkc 1. Fghkekgpe{ fkugcug D. Fkcdgvgu 4. Igpgvke fkugcug E. Tkemgvu 5. Jqtoqpcn fkuqtfgt F. Tkpiyqto 6. Hwpicn kphgevkqp (c) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 1 (d) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 6 (e) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 6 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 1 ;9. Vjg dnqqf inwequg ngxgn ku eqooqpn{ gzrtguugf cu ]4000_ (c) oo. qh Ji (d) oknnkitco rgt fgeknkvtg (e) rctvu rgt oknnkqp (f) itco rgt nkvtg ;:. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Gpfqetkpg incpfu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Jqtoqpgu ugetgvgf) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]4000_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK C. Iqpcfu 1. Kpuwnkp D. Rkvwkvct{ 4. Rtqiguvgtqpg E. Rcpetgcu 5. Itqyvj jqtoqpgu F. Cftgpcn 6. Eqtvkuqpg (c) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 1 (d) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 1 (e) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 6 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 6 ;;. Vjg ugpucvkqp qh hcvkiwg kp vjg owuengu chvgt rtqnqpigf uvtgpwqwu rj{ukecn yqtm ku ecwugf d{ ]4000_ (c) c fgetgcug kp vjg uwrrn{ qh qz{igp (d) okpqt ygct cpf vgct qh owueng hkdtgu (e) vjg fgrngvkqp qh inwequg (f) vjg ceewowncvkqp qh ncevke cekf 100. C uocnn rqwej eqpvckpkpi uknkec ign ku qhvgp hqwpf kp dqvvngu qh ogfkekpg kp vcdngv qt rqyfgt hqto dgecwug uknkec ign ]4000_ (c) mknnu dcevgtkc (d) mknnu igtou cpf urqtgu (e) cduqtdu oqkuvwtg (f) cduqtdu cnn icugu rtgugpv kpukfg vjg dqvvng 101. C ocp yjqug dnqqf itqwr ku pqv mpqyp oggvu ykvj c ugtkqwu ceekfgpv cpf pggfu dnqqf vtcpuhwukqp koogfkcvgn{. Yjkej qpg qh vjg dnqqf itqwru ogpvkqpgf dgnqy cpf tgcfkn{ cxckncdng kp vjg jqurkvcn yknn dg uchg hqt vtcpuhwukqpA ]4001_ (c) Q, Tj˜ (d) Q, Tj+ (e) CD, Tj˜ (f) CD, Tj+ 104. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]4001_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK (Cejkgxgogpv kp igpgvkeu) (Uekgpvkuvu) C. Fkueqxgt{ qh vtcpufwevkqp 1. Mjwtcpc cpf eqplwicvkqp kp dcevgtkc D. Guvcdnkujkpi vjg ugz-nkpmgf 4. Mqtpdgti kpjgtkvcpeg E. Kuqncvkqp qh FPC rqn{ogtcug 5. Ngfgtdgti htqo G. eqnk F. Guvcdnkujkpi vjg eqorngvg 6. Oqticp igpgvke eqfg 7. Qejqc Eqfgu< (c) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 1 (d) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 7 (e) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 7 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 1 105. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi hgcvwtgu qh FPC ocmgu kv wpkswgn{ uwkvgf vq uvqtg cpf vtcpuokv igpgvke kphqtocvkqp htqo igpgtcvkqp vq igpgtcvkqpA ]4001_ (c) Eqorngogpvct{ qh vjg vyq uvtcpfu (d) Fqwdng jgnkz (e) Pwodgt qh dcug-rcktu rgt vwtp (f) Uwict-rjqurjcvg dcemdqpg Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 43 106. •Ogvcuvcuku– ku vjg rtqeguu d{ yjkej ]4001_ (c) egnnu fkxkfg tcrkfn{ wpfgt vjg kphnwgpeg qh ftwiu (d) ecpegt egnnu urtgcf vjtqwij vjg dnqqf qt n{orjcvke u{uvgo vq qvjgt ukvgu qt qticpu (e) vjg ejtqoquqogu kp egnnu pwengk ctg cvvcejgf vq vjg urkpfng dghqtg oqxkpi vq vjg cpcrjcug rqngu (f) ecpegt egnnu ctg uweeguuhwnn{ kpjkdkvgf vq fkxkfg cp{ hwtvjgt 107. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy vjg nkuvu ]4001_ Nkuv-K Nkuv-KK (Uwduvcpeg) (Rj{ukqnqikecn tqng) C. Rv{cnkp 1. Eqpxgtvu cpikqvgpukpqigp kp dnqqf kpvq cpikqvgpukp D. Rgrukp 4. Fkiguvu uvctej E. Tgpkp 5. Fkiguvu rtqvgkpu F. Qz{vqekp 6. J{ftqn{ugu hcvu 7. Kpfwegu eqpvtcevkqp qh uoqqvj owuengu (c) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 7 (d) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 7 (e) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 7= F ˜ 1 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 6 108. Cpvkigp ku c uwduvcpeg yjkej ]4001_ (c) fguvtq{u jctohwn dcevgtkc (d) ku wugf vq vtgcv rqkuqpkpi (e) nqygtu dqf{ vgorgtcvwtg (f) uvkowncvgu hqtocvkqp qh cpvkdqf{ 109. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi egnn qticpgnngu rnc{ vjg oquv ukipkhkecpv tqng kp rtqvgkp u{pvjgukuA ]4001_ (c) N{uquqog cpf Egpvtquqog (d) Gpfqrncuoke tgvkewnwo cpf Tkdquqog (e) Iqnik crrctcvwu cpf Okvqejqpftkc (f) N{uquqog cpf Okvqejqpftkc 10:. Vjg egnnwnct cpf oqngewnct eqpvtqn qh rtqitcoogf egnn fgcvj ku mpqyp cu ]4001_ (c) crqrvquku (d) cigkpi (e) fgigpgtcvkqp (f) pgetquku 10;. Ocvej Nkuv-K ykvj Nkuv-KK cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy ]4001_ Nkuv-K (Dqpg) Nkuv-KK (Pcog) C. Dtgcuv-dqpg 1. Encxkeng D. Eqnnct-dqpg 4. Rcvgnnc E. Mpgg-ecr 5. Uecrwnc F. Ujqwnfgt dncfg 6. Uvgtpwo Eqfgu < (c) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 4 (d) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 4 (e) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 6= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 5 (f) C ˜ 6= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 4= F ˜ 5 110. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ]4001_ 1. Vcrgyqto ku c jgtocrjtqfkvg. 4. Tqwpf-yqto jcu ugrctcvg ugzgu. 5. Hknctkc ku ecwugf d{ c pgocvqfg. 6. Iwkpgc-yqto ku cp cppgnkf. Yjkej qh vjgug ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 1, 4 cpf 5 (e) 5 cpf 6 (f) 4, 5 cpf 6 111. Kp vjg eqpvgzv qh qticpke gxqnwvkqp, vjg nquu qh nkodu kp upcmgu ku gzrnckpgf d{ vjg rjgpqogpqp qh ]4004_ (c) wug cpf fkuwug qh qticpu (d) cfcrvcvkqp vq nkxkpi kp dwttqyu (e) pcvwtcn ugngevkqp (f) kpjgtkvcpeg qh ceswktgf ejctcevgtu 114. Yjgp qpg igpg eqpvtqnu vyq qt oqtg fkhhgtgpv ejctcevgtu ukownvcpgqwun{, vjg rjgpqogpqp ku ecnngf ]4004_ (c) crqokzku (d) rngkqvtqr{ (e) rqn{rnqkf{ (f) rqn{vgp{ 115. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg jwocp dqf{, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4004_ 1. Vjg rtqfwevkqp qh uqocvqvtqrkp iqgu wr yjgp c rgtuqp gzgtekugu. 4. Ogp”u vguvgu rtqfweg rtqiguvgtqpg. 5. Yqogp”u cftgpcn incpfu ugetgvg vguvquvgtqpg. 6. Uvtguu ecwugu vjg cftgpcnu vq tgngcug xgt{ nguu coqwpv qh eqtvkuqn vjcp wuwcn. Yjkej qh vjg vjgug uvcvgogpvu ctg eqttgevA (c) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 (d) 1, 4 cpf 5 (e) 4, 5 cpf 6 (f) 1 cpf 6 116. Hqqv cpf Oqwvj fkugcug kp cpkocnu, c ewttgpv grkfgoke kp uqog rctvu qh vjg yqtnf, ku ecwugf d{ ]4004_ (c) dcevgtkwo (d) hwpiwu (e) rtqvq|qcp (f) xktwu 117. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Kpfkcp yknf nkhg urgekgu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Uekgpvkhke pcogu) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]4004_ List-I List-II (Indian wild life species) (Scientific names) C. Cukcvke yknf cuu 1. Dqugncrjwu vtciqecognwu D. Dctcukpijc 4. Egtxwu fwxcwegnk E. Ejkpmctc 5. Gswwu jgokqpwu F. Pknick 6. Ic|gnnc ic|gnnc (c) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 6 (d) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 1 (e) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 5= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 1 (f) C ˜ 5= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 1= F ˜ 6 118. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku oqpqicoqwuA ]4004_ (c) Yqnh (d) Ycntwu (e) Ugcn (f) Fggt 119. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku pqv eqttgevA ]4004_ (c) Cnn gejkpqfgtou ctg xkxkrctqwu. (d) Tqwpfyqto jcu pq ektewncvqt{ u{uvgo. (e) Kp dqp{ hkujgu, uyko dncffgt ku wuwcnn{ rtgugpv. (f) Kp ectvkncikpqwu hkujgu, hgtvknk|cvkqp ku kpvgtpcn. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 44 Topicwise Solved Papers 11:. Ocvej Nkuv-K (Uekgpvkuvu) ykvj Nkuv-KK (Cejkgxgogpvu) cpf ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< ]4004_ Nkuv-K (Uekgpvkuvu) Nkuv-KK (Cejkgxgogpvu) C. Ctdgt cpf Uokvj 1. Fgxgnqrgf vtcpuigpke rncpvu ykvj Citqdcevgtkwo V-FPC D. Hgnfocp 4. Fkueqxgtgf gpfqpwengcugu E. Ownnku 5. Fkueqxgtgf tgxgtug vtcpuetkrvcug F. Vgokp cpf 6. Fkueqxgtgf rqn{ogtcug Dcnvkoqtg ejckp tgcevkqp (c) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 5 (d) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 6= F ˜ 5 (e) C ˜ 4= D ˜ 1= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 6 (f) C ˜ 1= D ˜ 4= E ˜ 5= F ˜ 6 11;. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku eqttgevA ]4004_ (c) Rtkqpu ctg vjg uocnnguv htgg-nkxkpi egnnu. (d) Vjg egnn ycnn qh O{eqrncuoc ku ocfg wr qh cokpq uwictu (e) Xktqkfu eqpukuv qh ukping-uvtcpfgf TPC oqngewng (f) Tkemgvvukcu ncem egnn ycnn 140. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Ftkpmkpi qh yjkum{ kpetgcugu vjg htgswgpe{ qh wtkpcvkqp. Tgcuqp (T) < Cneqjqn kpvcmg urggfu wr vjg ugetgvkqp qh xcuqrtguukp kp vjg dqf{. ]4004_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv c eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 141. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Jwocp fkgv ujqwnf eqorwnuqtkn{ eqpvckpu in{ekpg, ugtkpg cpf v{tqukpg. Tgcuqp (T) < Guugpvkcn cokpq cekfu ecp pqv dg u{pvjguk|gf kp vjg jwocp dqf{. ]4004_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf T ctg vtwg dwv T ku pqv c eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dqvj T ku hcnug (f) C ku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 144. Coqpi nkxkpi qticpkuou, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku vjg oquv tgurqpukdng hcevqt hqt dtkpikpi cdqwv vjg qtkikp qh c pgy urgekguA ]4004_ (c) Kuqncvkqp (d) Owvcvkqp (e) Pcvwtcn ugngevkqp (f) Ugzwcn tgrtqfwevkqp 145. Vkemu cpf okvgu ctg cevwcnn{ ]4004_ (c) Ctcejpkfu (d) Etwuvcegcpu (e) Kpugevu (f) O{tkcrqfu 146. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg dnqqf kp c pqtocn rgtuqp, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku eqttgevA ]4004_ (c) Eqorctgf vq ctvgtkgu, xgkpu ctg nguu pwogtqwu cpf jqnf nguu qh vjg dqf{”u dnqqf cv cp{ ikxgp vkog (d) Dnqqf egnnu eqpuvkvwvg cdqwv 90 rgtegpv qh vjg vqvcn xqnwog qh vjg dnqqf (e) Yjkvg dnqqf egnnu (YDE) ctg ocfg d{ n{orj pqfgu qpn{ (f) Vjg dnqqf jcu oqtg rncvgngvu vjcp YDE 147. Qevqrwu ku ]4005_ (c) cp ctvjtqrqf (d) cp gejkpqfgto (e) c jgokejqtfcvg (f) c oqnnwue 148. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi eqpfkvkqpu qh c ukem jwocp dqf{ ]4005_ 1. Uyqnngp n{orj pqfgu 4. Uygcvkpi cv pkijv 5. Nquu qh ogoqt{ 6. Nquu qh ygkijv Yjkej qh vjgug ctg u{orvqou qh CKFUA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4, 5 cpf 6 (e) K, 5 cpf 6 (f) K, 4, 5 cpf 6 149. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg yqtm qh jwocp mkfpg{, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ]4005_ 1. Chvgt vjg ycuvg ku tgoqxgf kp vjg mkfpg{, vjg engcp dnqqf ku ugpv dcem vjtqwij tgpcn ctvgt{. 4. Htqo Dqyocp”u ecruwng, vjg hknvgtgf nkswkf rcuugu vjtqwij vkp{ vwdgu yjgtg owej qh vjg inwequg ku tgcduqtdgf cpf ugpv dcem vq vjg dnqqf kp vjg tgpcn xgkp. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) Qpn{ 1 (d) Qpn{ 4 (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 14:. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku pqv eqttgevA ]4005_ (c) Oknm eqpvckpu pqpg qh vjg D-xkvcokpu. (d) Xkvcokp-C (tgvkpqn) fghkekgpe{ ngcfu vq ft{ cpf uecn{ umkp. (e) Qpg qh vjg u{orvqou qh uewtx{ ku rckp kp vjg lqkpvu. (f) Xkvcokp D1 (vjkcokpg) fghkekgpe{ ecp ngcf vq jgctv hcknwtg. 14;. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq pqtocn jwocp dgkpiu, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4005_ 1. Kp tgurqpug vq vjg rtgugpeg qh JEn, ugetgvkp ku rtqfwegf htqo vjg fwqfgpwo. 4. Gpvgtqicuvtqpg ku rtqfwegf kp vjg uocnn kpvguvkpg kp tgurqpug vq vjg rtgugpeg qh hcvv{ cekfu. Yjkej qh vjgug uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) Qpn{ 1 (d) Qpn{ 4 (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 150. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4006_ 1. Pqp-hwpevkqpkpi qh ncejt{ocn incpf ku cp korqtvcpv u{orvqo qh fghkekgpe{ qh Xkvcokp C. 4. Fghkekgpe{ qh Xkvcokp D1 ecp ngcf vq kpfkiguvkqp cpf jgctv gpnctigogpv. 5. Xkvcokp E fghkekgpe{ ecp ngcf vq rckp kp vjg owuengu. “ 6. Fghkekgpe{ qh Xkvcokp F ecwugu kpetgcugf nquu qh Ec++ kp wtkpg. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4, 5 cpf 6 (e) 1, 5 cpf 6 (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 45 151. Vjg jqtoqpg kpuwnkp ku c ]4006_ (c) in{eqnkrkf (d) hcvv{ cekf (e) rgrvkfg (f) uvgtqn 154. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4006_ 1. Vqqvjnguu ocoocnu uwej cu Rcpiqnkpu ctg pqv hqwpf kp Kpfkc. 4. Ikddqp ku vjg qpn{ crg hqwpf kp Kpfkc. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 155. Kp yjkej qticp qh vjg jwocp dqf{, n{orjqe{vg egnnu hqtogfA ]4006_ (c) Nkxgt (d) Nqpi dqpg (e) Rcpetgcu (f) Urnggp 156. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4006_ 1. Cfco Qudqtpg kpvtqfwegf vjg hktuv rqtvcdng eqorwvgt. 4. Kcp Yknowv etgcvgf vjg hktuv enqpgf ujggr. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 157. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Hcvv{ cekfu ujqwnf dg c rctv qh vjg dcncpegf jwocp fkgv. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg egnnu qh vjg jwocp dqf{ ecppqv u{pvjguk|g cp{ hcvv{ cekfu. ]4006_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf Tctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) Cku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 158. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4006_ 1. Hgowt ku vjg nqpiguv dqpg kp vjg jwocp dqf{. 4. Ejqngtc ku c fkugcug ecwugf d{ dcevgtkc. 5. “Cvjngvg”u hqqv” ku c fkugcug ecwugf d{ xktwu. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 4 cpf 5 (e) 1 cpf 5 (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 159. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4007_ 1. Fgpiwg ku c rtqvq|qcp fkugcug vtcpuokvvgf d{ oquswkvqgu. 4. Tgvtq-qtdkvcn rckp ku pqv c u{orvqo qh fgpiwg. 5. Umkp tcuj cpf dnggfkpi htqo pqug cpf iwou ctg uqog qhvjg u{orvqou qh fgpiwg. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 cpf 4 (d) 5 qpn{ (e) 4 qpn{ (f) 1 cpf 5 15:. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi fkugcugu qh oknejkpi cpkocnu ctg kphgevkqwu A ]4007_ 1. Hqqv cpf oqwvj fkugcug 4. Cpvjtcz 5. Dncem Swctvgt 6. Eqyrqz Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy< (c) 1, 4 cpf 5 (d) 4, 5 cpf 6 (e) 1 cpf 6 (f) 1, 4, 5 cpf 6 15;. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Cnn vjg rtqvgkpu kp qwt hqqf ctg fkiguvgf kp uocnn kpvguvkpg qpn{. Tgcuqp (T) < Vjg rtqvgkp-fkiguvkpi gp|{og htqo rcpetgcu ctg tgngcugf kpvq uocnn kpvguvkpg. ]4007_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf Tctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) Cku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 160. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Coqgdc tgrtqfwegu d{ hkuukqp. Tgcuqp (T) < Cnn wpkegnnwnct qticpkuou tgrtqfweg d{ cugzwcn ogvjqfu. ]4007_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf Tctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) Cku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 161. Cuugtvkqp (C) < Vjg rgtuqp ykvj Fkcdgvgu kpukrkfwu hggnu vjktuv{. Tgcuqp (T) < C rgtuqp ykvj Fkcdgvgu kpukrkfwu uwhhgtu htqo gzeguu ugetgvkqp qh xcuqrtguukp. ]4007_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf Tctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) Cku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 164. Rpgwoqeqpkquku chhgevu vjg yqtmgtu yjq yqtm ockpn{ kp ]4007_ (c) Vcppgtkgu (d) Eqcn okpkpi kpfwuvt{ (e) Fkuvknngtkg (f) Incuu kpfwuvt{ 165. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg jwocp dqf{ < ]4008_ 1. Vjg eqooqp dkng fwev tgngcugu kvu eqpvgpvu kpvq uvqocej. 4. Vjg rcpetgcvke fwev tgngcugu kvu eqpvgpvu kpvq fwqfgpwo. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku / ctg eqttgev A (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 166. Yjkej qpg coqpi vjg hqnnqykpi ku pqv c iqqf uqwteg qh pwvtkvkqpcn ecnekwo A ]4008_ (c) Tkeg (d) Tcik (e) Umkoogf oknm (f) Gii 167. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4008_ 1. GNKUC vguv ku gornq{gf cu vjg hktuv cpf oquv dcuke vguv hqt cp kpfkxkfwcn vq fgvgev ecpegt. 4. Cnoquv 70% qh jwocp dgkpiu jcxg Tj+ dnqqf yjkng vjg tgockpkpi jcxg Tj˜ dnqqf. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpv(u) ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 46 Topicwise Solved Papers 168. Yjcv ku vjg pcog qh vjg xguugn vjcv fgnkxgtu vjg pwvtkgpv/ tkej dnqqf htqo vjg uvqocej cpf uocnn kpvguvkpg vq vjg nkxgtA ]4008_ (c) Nghv jgrcvke ctvgt{ (d) Jgrcvke xgkp (e) Tkijv jgrcvke ctvgt{ (f) Jgrcvke rqtvcn xgkp 169. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rcktu ku pqv eqttgevn{ ocvejgfA ]4008_ Tgegpv Uekgpvkhke Cejkgxgogpv Eqwpvt{ (c) Etgcvkpi vjg yqtnf hktuv W. M oqwug ykvj c hwnn jwocp ejtqoquqog (d) Enqpkpi c jwocp godt{q Igtocp{ hqt vjg hktuv vkog (e) Iwkfkpi c urcegetchv hqt W.U.C. eqnnkukqp ykvj c eqogv (f) Ncpfkpi c urcegetchv qp Lcrcp cp cuvgtqkf 16:. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4008_ 1. Ogpkpiqeqeecn Ogpkpikvku ku vtcpuokvvgf htqo rgtuqp vq rgtuqp d{ oquswkvq dkvgu. 4. Xqokvkpi cpf pgem rckp ctg vyq qh vjg u{orvqou qh Ogpkpiqeqeecn Ogpkpikvku. . Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpv(u) ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 16;. Tqdgtv Ygduvgt ku mpqyp hqt jku yqtm cuuqekcvgf ykvj yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpiA ]4009_ (c) Ectfkqnqi{ (d) Kphnwgp|c xktwu (e) JKX/CKFU (f) Cn|jgkogt 170. Kp vjg jwocp dqf{, yjkej uvtwevwtg ku vjg crrgpfkz cvvcejgf vqA ]4009_ (c) Vjg nctig kpvguvkpg (d) Vjg uocnn kpvguvkpg (e) Vjg icnn dncffgt (f) Vjg uvqocej 171. Kp jwocp dqf{, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi jqtoqpgu tgiwncvgu dnqqf ecnekwo cpf rjqurjcvgA ]4009_ (c) Inweciqp (d) Itqyvj jqtoqpg (e) Rctcvj{tqkf jqtoqpg (f) Vj{tqzkpg 174. Jqy fq oquv kpugevu tgurktgA ]4009_ (c) Vjtqwij umkp (d) Vjtqwij iknnu (e) D{ nwpiu (f) D{ vtcejgcn u{uvgo 175. Kp jwocp dgkpiu, pqtocnn{ kp yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rctvu, fqgu vjg urgto hgtvknk|g vjg qxwoA (c) Egtxkz ]4009_ (d) Hcnnqrkcp vwdg (e) Nqygt rctv qh wvgtwu (f) Wrrgt rctv qh wvgtwu 176. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi rctvu qh vjg jwocp dtckp ku vjg tgiwncvkpi egpvtg hqt uycnnqykpi cpf xqokvkpiA ]4009_ (c) Egtgdgnnwo (d) Egtgdtwo (e) Ogfwnnc qdnqpicvc(f) Rqpu 177. Rtqfwevkqp qh yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku c hwpevkqp qh vjg nkxgtA ]4009_ (c) Nkrcug (d) Wtgc (e) Owewu (f) J{ftqejnqtke cekf 178. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku pqv c fkiguvkxg gp|{og kp vjg jwocp u{uvgoA ]4009_ (c) Vt{rukp (d) Icuvtkp (e) Rv{cnkp (f) Rgrukp 179. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ku vjg eqttgev ugswgpeg kp vjg qtfgt qh fgetgcukpi ngpivj qh vjg vjtgg uvtwevwtcn rctvu ikxgp dgnqy qh uocnn kpvguvkpg kp vjg jwocp dqf{A ]4009_ (c) Lglwpwo - Fwqfgpwo - Kngwo (d) Kngwo - Fwqfgpwo - Lglwpwo (e) Lglwpwo - Kngwo - Fwqfgpwo (f) Kngwo - Lglwpwo - Fwqfgpwo 17:. Kp yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi mkpfu qh qticpkuou ku vjg rjgpqogpqp hqwpf yjgtgkp vjg hgocng mknnu vjg ocng chvgt eqrwncvkqpA ]400:_ (c) Ftciqphn{ (d) Jqpg{dgg (e) Urkfgt (f) Rkv xkrgt 17;. Hqt yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi upcmgu ku vjg fkgv ockpn{ eqorqugf qh qvjgt upcmguA ]400:_ (c) Mtckv (d) Twuugnn”u xkrgt (e) Tcvvngupcmg (f) Mkpi eqdtc 180. Yjcv ku vjg rJ ngxgn qh dnqqf qh c pqtocn rgtuqpA ]400:_ (c) 6.7˜6.8 (d) 8.67˜8.77 (e) 9.57˜9.67 (f) :.47˜:.57 181. Cuugtvkqp (C)< Kp jwocp dqf{, nkxgt jcu korqtvcpv tqng kp hcv fkiguvkqp. Tgcuqp (T)< Nkxgt rtqfwegu vyq korqtvcpv hcvfkiguvkpi gp|{ogu. ]400:_ (c) Dqvj C cpf T ctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg cpf T ku vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (d) Dqvj C cpf Tctg kpfkxkfwcnn{ vtwg dwv T ku pqv vjg eqttgev gzrncpcvkqp qh C (e) C ku vtwg dwv T ku hcnug (f) Cku hcnug dwv T ku vtwg 184. Coqpi vjg hqnnqykpi, yjkej qpg nc{u giiu cpf fqgu pqv rtqfweg {qwpi qpgu fktgevn{A ]400:_ (c) Gejkfpc (d) Mcpictqq (e) Rqtewrkpg (f) Yjcng 185. Vjg tgngcug qh yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi kpvq rqpfu cpf ygnnu jgnru kp eqpvtqnnkpi vjg oquswkvqguA]400:_ (c) Etcd (d) Fqihkuj (e) Icodwukc hkuj (f) Upckn 186. Coqpi vjg hqnnqykpi, yjkej qpg ku pqv cp crgA ]400:_ (c) Ikddqp (d) Iqtknnc (e) Ncpiwt (f) Qtcpiwvcp Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 47 187. Kp vjg eqpvgzv qh igpgvke fkuqtfgtu, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi< C yqocp uwhhgtu htqo eqnqwt dnkpfpguu yjkng jgt jwudcpf fqgu pqv uwhhgt htqo kv. Vjg{ jcxg c uqp cpf c fcwijvgt. Kp vjku eqpvgzv, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku oquv rtqdcdn{ eqttgevA ]400;_ (c) Dqvj ejknftgp uwhhgt htqo eqnqwt dnkpfpguu. (d) Fcwijvgt uwhhgtu htqo eqnqwt dnkpfpguu yjkng uqp fqgu pqv uwhhgt htqo kv. (e) Dqvj ejknftgp fq pqv uwhhgt htqo eqnqwt dnkpfpguu. (f) Uqp uwhhgtu htqo eqnqwt dnkpfpguu yjkng fcwijvgt fqgu pqv uwhhgt htqo kv. 188. Kp vjg eqpvgzv qh Kpfkcp yknf nkhg, vjg hn{kpi hqz ku c ]400;_ (c) Dcv (d) Mkvg (e) Uvqtm (f) Xwnvwtg 189. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq vjg gxqnwvkqp qh nkxkpi qticpkuou, yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ugswgpegu ku eqttgevA ]400;_ (c) Qevqrwu-Fqnrjkp-Ujctm (d) Rcpiqnkp-Vqtvqkug-Jcym (e) Ucncocpfgt-R{vjqp-Mcpictqq (f) Htqi-Etcd-Rtcyp 18:. Vjg Rcpfc dgnqpiu vq vjg ucog hcokn{ cu vjcv qh ]400;_ (c) Dgct (d) Ecv (e) Fqi (f) Tcddkv 18;. Vjg octkpg cpkocn ecnngf Fwiqpi yjkej ku xwnpgtcdng vq gzvkpevkqp ku ]400;_ (c) Corjkdkcp (d) Dqp{ hkuj (e) Ujctm (f) Ocoocn 190. Ykfgurtgcf tgukuvcpeg qh ocnctkcn rctcukvg vq ftwiu nkmg ejnqtqswkpg jcu rtqorvgf cvvgorvu vq fgxgnqr c ocnctkcn xceekpg vq eqodcv ocnctkc. Yj{ ku kv fkhhkewnv vq fgxgnqr cp ghhgevkxg ocnctkc xceekpg A ]4010_ (c) Ocnctkc ku ecwugf d{ ugxgtcn urgekgu qh Rncuoqfkwo (d) Ocp fqgu pqv fgxgnqr koowpkv{ vq ocnctkc fwtkpi pcvwtcn kphgevkqp (e) Xceekpgu ecp dg fgxgnqrgf qpn{ cickpuv dcevgtkc (f) Ocp ku qpn{ cp kpvgtogfkcvg jquv cpf pqv vjg fghkpkvkxg jquv. 191. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4010_ 1. Jgrcvkvku D ku ugxgtcn vkogu oqtg kphgevkqwu vjcp JKX /CKFU 4. Jgrcvkvku D ecp ecwug nkxgt ecpegt Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 194. Cv rtgugpv, uekgpvkuvu ecp fgvgtokpg vjg cttcpigogpv qt tgncvkxg rqukvkqpu qh igpgu qt FPC ugswgpegu qp c ejtqoquqog. Jqy fqgu vjku mpqyngfig dgpghkv wuA 1. Kv ku rquukdng vq mpqy vjg rgfkitgg qh nkxguvqem. 4. Kv ku rquukdng vq wpfgtuvcpf vjg ecwugu qh cnn jwocp fkugcugu. 5. Kv ku rquukdng vq fgxgnqr fkugcug-tgukuvcpv cpkocn dtggfu. ]4011 - K_ Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgev A (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 195. Oketqdkcn hwgn egnnu ctg eqpukfgtgf c uqwteg qh uwuvckpcdng gpgti{. Yj{ A ]4011 - K_ 1. Vjg{ wug nkxkpi qticpkuou cu ecvcn{uvu vq igpgtcvg gngevtkekv{ htqo egtvckp uwduvtcvgu. 4. Vjg{ wug c xctkgv{ qh kpqticpke ocvgtkcnu cu uwduvtcvgu. 5. Vjg{ ecp dg kpuvcnngf kp ycuvg ycvgt vtgcvogpv rncpvu vq engcpug ycvgt cpf rtqfweg gngevtkekv{. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 196. C eqorcp{ octmgvkpi hqqf rtqfwevu cfxgtvkugu vjcv kvu kvgou fq pqv eqpvckp vtcpu-hcvu. Yjcv fqgu vjku ecorckip ukipkh{ vq vjg ewuvqogtu A ]4011 - K_ 1. Vjg hqqf rtqfwevu ctg pqv ocfg qwv qh j{ftqigpcvgf qknu. 4. Vjg hqqf rtqfwevu ctg pqv ocfg qwv qh cpkocn hcvu/qknu. 5. Vjg qknu wugf ctg pqv nkmgn{ vq fcocig vjg ectfkqxcuewnct jgcnvj qh vjg eqpuwogtu. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1,4 cpf 5 197. C octtkgf eqwrng cfqrvgf c ocng ejknf. C hgy {gctu ncvgt, vykp dq{u ygtg dqtp vq vjgo. Vjg dnqqf itqwr qh vjg eqwrng ku CD rqukvkxg cpf Q pgicvkxg. Vjg dnqqf itqwr qh vjg vjtgg uqpu ku C rqukvkxg, D rqukvkxg , cpf Q rqukvkxg. Vjg dnqqf itqwr qh vjg cfqrvgf uqp ku A ]4011 - K_ (c) Q rqukvkxg (d) C rqukvkxg (e) D rqukvkxg (f) Ecppqv dg fgvgtokpgf qp vjg dcuku qh vjg ikxgp fcvc 198. Tgiwnct kpvcmg qh htguj htwkvu cpf xgigvcdngu ku tgeqoogpfgf kp vjg fkgv ukpeg vjg{ ctg c iqqf uqwteg qh cpvkqzkfcpvu. Jqy fq cpvkqzkfcpvu jgnr c rgtuqp ockpvckp jgcnvj cpf rtqoqvg nqpigxkv{ A (c) Vjg{ cevkxcvg vjg gp|{ogu pgeguuct{ hqt xkvcokp u{pvjguku kp vjg dqf{ cpf jgnr rtgxgpv xkvcokp fghkekgpe{ (d) Vjg{ rtgxgpv gzeguukxg qzkfcvkqp qh ectdqj{ftcvgu, hcvu cpf rtqvgkpu kp vjg dqf{ cpf jgnr cxqkf wppgeguuct{ ycuvcig qh gpgti{ (e) Vjg{ pgwvtcnk|g vjg htgg tcfkecnu rtqfwegf kp vjg dqf{ fwtkpi ogvcdqnkuo (f) Vjg{ cevkxcvg egtvckp igpgu kp vjg egnnu qh vjg dqf{ cpf jgnr fgnc{ vjg cigkpi rtqeguu 199. Yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi ugvu qh gngogpvu ycu rtkoctkn{ tgurqpukdng hqt vjg qtkikp qh nkhg qp vjg GctvjA ]4014 - K_ (c) J{ftqigp, Qz{igp, Uqfkwo (d) Ectdqp, J{ftqigp, Pkvtqigp (e) Qz{igp, Ecnekwo, Rjqurjqtwu (f) Ectdqp, J{ftqigp, Rqvcuukwo Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 48 Topicwise Solved Papers 19:. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi mkpfu qh qticpkuou < ]4014 - K_ 1. Dcv 4. Dgg 5. Dktf Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ku/ctg rqnnkpcvkpi cigpv/cigpvuA (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 19;.Kortqrgt jcpfnkpi cpf uvqtcig qh egtgcn itckpu cpf qknuggfu tguwnv kp vjg rtqfwevkqp qh vqzkpu mpqyp cu chncvqzkpu yjkej ctg pqv igpgtcnn{ fguvtq{gf d{ pqtocn eqqmkpi rtqeguu. Chncvqzkpu ctg rtqfwegf d{ ]4015 - K_ (c) dcevgtkc (d) rtqvq|qc (e) oqwnfu (f) xktwugu 1:0.Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi cffu / cff pkvtqigp vq vjg uqknA ]4015 - K_ 1. Gzetgvkqp qh wtgc d{ cpkocnu 4. Dwtpkpi qh eqcn d{ ocp 5. Fgcvj qh xgigvcvkqp Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1:1.Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi fkugcugu ecp dg vtcpuokvvgf htqo qpg rgtuqp vq cpqvjgt vjtqwij vcvvqqkpiA ]4015 - K_ 1. Ejkmwpiwp{c 4. Jgrcvkvku D 5. JKX-CKFU Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1:4.Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi okpgtcnu< ]4015 - K_ 1. Ecnekwo 4. Ktqp 5. Uqfkwo Yjkej qh vjg okpgtcnu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg tgswktgf d{ jwocp dqf{ hqt vjg eqpvtcevkqp qh owuenguA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1:5.Tgeqodkpcpv FPC vgejpqnqi{ (Igpgvke Gpikpggtkpi) cnnqyu igpgu vq dg vtcpuhgttgf ]4015 - K_ 1. cetquu fkhhgtgpv urgekgu qh rncpvu 4. htqo cpkocnu vq rncpvu 5. htqo oketqqticpkuou vq jkijgt qticpkuou Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1:6.Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi cpkocnu< ]4015 - K_ 1. Ugc eqy 4. Ugc jqtug 5. Ugc nkqp Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg ku/ctg ocoocn/ocoocnuA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1:7.Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA ]4015 - K_ 1. Xktwugu ncem gp|{ogu pgeguuct{ hqt vjg igpgtcvkqp qh gpgti{. 4. Xktwugu ecp dg ewnvwtgf kp cp{ u{pvjgvke ogfkwo. 5. Xktwugu ctg vtcpuokvvgf htqo qpg qticpkuo vq cpqvjgt d{ dkqnqikecn xgevqtu qpn{. Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfgu ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1:8. Coqpi vjg hqnnqykpi qticpkuou, yjkej qpg fqgu pqv dgnqpi vq vjg encuu qh qvjgt vjtggA ]4016 - K_ (c) Etcd (d) Okvg (e) Ueqtrkqp (f) Urkfgt 1:9. Kp cffkvkqp vq hkpigtrtkpv uecppkpi, yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi ecp dg wugf kp vjg dkqogvtke kfgpvkhkecvkqp qh c rgtuqpA ]4016 - K_ 1. Ktku uecppkpi 4. Tgvkpcn uecppkpi 5. Xqkeg tgeqipkvkqp Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfg ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 cpf 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 1::. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi fkugcugu < ]4016 - K_ 1 . Fkrjvjgtkc 4. Ejkemgprqz 5. Uocnnrqz Yjkej qh vjg cdqxg fkugcugu jcu/jcxg dggp gtcfkecvgf kp KpfkcA (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 5 qpn{ (e) 1, 4 cpf 5 (f) Pqpg 1:;. Eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi rcktu < ]4016 - K_ Xkvcokp Fghkekgpe{ fkugcug 1. Xkvcokp E < Uewtx{ 4. Xkvcokp F < Tkemgvu 5. Xkvcokp G < Pkijv dnkpfpguu Yjkej qh vjg rcktu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ ctg eqttgevn{ ocvejgfA (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 5 qpn{ (e) 1, 4 cpf 5 (f) Pqpg 1;0. J1P1 xktwu ku uqogvkogu ogpvkqpgf kp vjg pgyu ykvj tghgtgpeg vq yjkej qpg qh vjg hqnnqykpi fkugcuguA ]4017-K_ (c) CKFU (d) Dktf hnw (e) Fgpiwg (f) Uykpg hnw 1;1. Ykvj tghgtgpeg vq dkq-vqkngvu wugf d{ vjg Kpfkcp Tcknyc{u, eqpukfgt vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu< ]4017-K_ 1. Vjg fgeqorqukvkqp qh jwocp ycuvg kp vjg dkqvqkngvu ku kpkvkcvgf d{ c hwpicn kpqewnwo. 4. Cooqpkc cpf ycvgt xcrqwt ctg vjg qpn{ gpf rtqfwevu kp vjku fgeqorqukvkqp yjkej ctg tgngcugf kpvq vjg cvoqurjgtg. Yjkej qh vjg uvcvgogpvu ikxgp cdqxg ku/ctg eqttgevA (c) 1 qpn{ (d) 4 qpn{ (e) Dqvj 1 cpf 4 (f) Pgkvjgt 1 pqt 4 1;4. Yjkej qh vjg hqnnqykpi uvcvgogpvu ku/ctg eqttgevA Xktwugu ecp kphgev ]4018-K_ 1. dcevgtkc 4. hwpik 5. rncpvu Ugngev vjg eqttgev cpuygt wukpi vjg eqfg ikxgp dgnqy. (c) 1 cpf 4 qpn{ (d) 5 qpn{ (e) 1 cpf 5 qpn{ (f) 1, 4 cpf 5 Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

Biology E 49 A. Botany 1. (f) Rncpv cpf cpkocn cevkxkv{ jcrrgpu cv pkijv kp fgugtvu fwg vq jkij vgorgtcvwtg. Vjg fgugtv kpugev rqnnkpcvgu hnqygtu kp pkijv. 4. (e) Nkxkpi qticpkuo tgswktg cdqwv 49 gngogpvu qh yjkej 17 ctg ogvcnu. M, Oi, Pc cpf Ec ctg tgswktgf kp oclqt swcpvkvkgu. Okpqt swcpvkv{ qh Op, Hg, Eq, Ew, \p cpf Oq cpf vtceg coqwpv qh X, Et, Up, Pk cpf Cn ctg tgswktgf d{ uqog qticpkuou. Ecnekwo, ocipgukwo cpf rjqurjqtwu ctg guugpvkcn rctvu qh vjg dqpgu cpf vggvj. Ecnekwo ku pgeguuct{ hqt dnqqf enqvvkpi. Uqfkwo jgnru kp owueng cevkxkv{ cpf vtcpuokuukqp qh pgtxg. 5. (e) Jqtoqpg cwzkp ku tgurqpukdng vq rtqfweg uggfnguu vqocvq htwkvu. 6. (e) Rjqvqu{pvjguku qeewtu kp itggp rncpvu d{ vjg jgnr qh ejnqtqrncuv. Rncuoc ogodtcpg jgnru kp vtcpurqtv qh okpgtcnu. Egnnwnct tgurktcvkqp ku tgncvgf vq okvqejqpftkc, d{ yjkej gpgti{ tgngcugu. Tkdquqog jgnru kp rtqvgkp u{pvjguku. 7. (f) Rqvcvq vwdgt dgctu dwfu kp uocnn rkvu mpqyp cu g{gu. Dwfu fgxgnqru vq dtcpejgu. Uqog qh vjg dtcpejgu dgeqog itggp, gtgev cpf ngch{ uvgou vjcv itqy jqtk|qpvcnn{ wpfgt itqwpf. 8. (f) Dcevgtkc, oketqcnicg cpf hwpik ku oquv ykfgn{ wugf kp kpfwuvtkgu. Dcevgtkc nkmg Ncevqdceknnwu ur. ku wugf kp ocpwhcevwtkpi qh xkpgict cpf cneqjqn d{ hgogpvcvkqp rtqeguu. Oquv qh cnicg ctg wugf cu ukping egnn rtqvgkp (k.g. Urktwnkpc). Fkhhgtgpv ftwiu nkmg rgpkeknnkp ku ocpwhcevwtgf htqo hwpik Rgpkeknnkwo pqvcvwo. 9. (d) Chvgt vjg rqnnkpcvkqp qh qxct{, htwkv fgxgnqru itcfwcnn{ htqo kv. Uvgo qh vtgg fgxgnqru vq yqqf. Uggf fgxgnqru htqo hgtvknk|gf qxwng. Ngch rtqfwegu uvctej cv vjg vkog qh rjqvqu{pvjguku. :. (e) Uvctej cpf egnnwnqug dqvj ctg rncpv qtkikp. Uvctej fgrqukvu kp rncpv egnnu, yjgtgcu egnnwnqug ku oquv korqtvcpv eqpuvkvwgpv qh rncpv egnn ycnn. Dqvj uvctej cpf egnnwnqug ctg rqn{ogtu. Uvctej ku dtcpejgf rqn{ogt qh a ˜ F ˜ inwequg wpkv nkpmgf d{ a ˜ 1, 6 in{equkfke dqpf. Egnnwnqug ku c nkpgct rqn{ogt qh b ˜ F ˜ inwequg wpkv. Inwequg oqngewngu ctg rtgugpv kp dqvj uvctej cpf egnnwnqug. Co{nqug kp uvctej ku tgurqpukdng hqt vjg hqtocvkqp qh fggr dnwg eqnqwt kp vjg rtgugpeg qh kqfkpg dwv egnnwnqug fqgu pqv ikxg cp{ eqnqwt cv vjg vtgcvogpv ykvj kqfkpg, dgecwug co{nqug ku cdugpv kp egnnwnqug. ;. (c) Gtiqvkuo ku vjg ghhgev qh nqpi vgto gtiqv rqkuqpkpi, fwg vq kpiguvkqp qh cnmcnqkfu rtqfwegf d{ hwpiwu Encxkegru rwtrwtgc yjkej ku hqwpf kp kphgevgf egtgcnu cpf t{gu. 10. (f) O{eqttjk|c ku c u{odkqvke cuuqekcvkqp dgvyggp c hwpiwu cpf vjg tqqvu qh c xcuewnct rncpv. O{eqttjk|c vcmgu ectdqj{ftcvg htqo vjg rncpvu. Kp tgvwtp, vjg hwpiwu jgnru vjg rncpv d{ uwrrn{kpi ycvgt cpf vjg korqtvcpv okpgtcnu. 11. (c) Dnwg itggp cnicg ku wugf cu c dkqhgtvknk|gt kp tkeg etqr. Dnwg itggp cnicg jcu vjg pkvtqigp hkzkpi cdknkv{ yjkej gpjcpegu vjg rtqfwevkqp qh tkeg. 14. (e) Rj{vqvtqp ku c v{rg qh ejcodgt, fgukipgf vq rtqxkfg c eqpvtqnngf gpxktqpogpv hqt vjg uvwf{ qh rncpv itqyvj. 15. (c) Eqeqc eqpvckpu echhgkpg, ectdqpcvgf ycvgt, inwequg-htwevqug, mqnc gzvtcev cpf ectcogn eqnqwt. 16. (f) Ecpqnc qkn ku vjg nqyguv kp ucvwtcvgf hcv, kv ku jkij kp egtvckp qogic 5 hcvv{ cekf cpf oqpq ucvwtcvgf hcvu, yjkej ctg hqwpf kp pwvu cpf ctg jgcnvj{ hqt vjg jgctv. 17. (f) FPC hqwpf kp okvqejqpftkc qvjgt vjcp pwengwu. Vjg FPC ku ecnngf okvqejqpftkcn FPC. 18. (d) Cvjngvg'u Hqqv fkugcug ku ecwugf d{ rctcukvke hwpiwu qh igpwu Vtkejqrj{vqp. Uecnkpi, hncmkpi cpf kvejkpi qh chhgevgf ctgcu ctg vjg u{orvqou qh vjku fkugcug. Vjku fkugcug vtcpuokvvgf kp oqkuv ctgcu yjgtg rgqrng ycnm dctg hqqv. 19. (d) Cp grkrj{vg ku c rncpv pqtocnn{ itqyu qp cpqvjgt rncpv hqt uwrrqtv. Kv ku pqp rctcukvke, dwv wugu vjg jquv rncpv hqt uwrrqtv. C rncpv uwej cu vtqrkecn qtejkf qt uvcijqtp hgtp, vjcv itqyu qp cpqvjgt rncpv wrqp yjkej kv fgrgpfu hqt ogejcpkecn uwrrqtv dwv pqv hqt pwvtkgpvu. 1:. (c) Kp dkugzwcn hnqygt, vjg ocng cpf hgocng hnqygtu (cpftqgekwo cpf i{pqgekwo) ocvwtg cv fkhhgtgpv vkogu vq cxqkf ugnh-hgtvknk|cvkqp. Kv ku ecnngf fkejqico{. 1;. (e) Dqwickpxknngc, eqeqc cpf itcrgu rncpvu ctg rtqrcicvgf d{ uvgo ewvvkpi rtqeguu. 40. (d) Urktqi{tc cpf Wnqvjtkz ctg itggp cnicg pqv dnwg itggp cnicg. Vjg ejcogngqp ecp ugg kp dqvj vjg fktgevkqp hqtyctf cpf dcemyctf cv vjg ucog vkog. 41. (e) Cuugtvkqp ku vtwg dgecwug wpucvwtcvgf hcvu ctg oqtg tgcevkxg eqorctgf ykvj ucvwtcvgf hcvu fwg vq HINTS & SOLUTIONS Explanations Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates

E 50 Topicwise Solved Papers ownvkrng dqpfu rtgugpv dgvyggp ectdqp cvqou. Vjg tgcuqp ku hcnug dgecwug wpucvwtcvgf hcvu jcxg cvngcuv fqwdng dqpf kp vjgkt uvtwevwtg. 44. (c) Oqncuugu ku d{-rtqfwev qh uwict rtqfwevkqp rtqeguu cpf dcicuug qh uwict wugf cu c hwgn kp dqkngtu hqt uwict hcevqtkgu. Dwv uwict rtqfwegf htqo uwict ecpg cpf cnuq htqo uwict dggv. 45. (c) Egnnwnqug ku pqv uqnwdng kp ycvgt vjcv ku yj{ kv ku wugf kp ocmkpi ujcvvgt˜rtqqh incuu. Egnnwnqug ku c rqn{ uceejctkfg. 46. (d) Kp rkvejgt rncpv, vjg ncokpc qh ngch ku oqfkhkgf kpvq rkvejgt cpf vjg ngch crgz ikxgu tkug vq c eqnqwtgf nkf hqt cvvtcevkpi vjg kpugevu. 47. (d) Rjqvqu{pvjguku qeewtu dgvyggp ycxgngpivju qh cdqwv 600 po cpf 970 po. Tgf cpf dnwg eqnqwt ycxgngpivj ku ecvgiqtkgu kp vjku ycxgngpivj. Uq, rncpvu cduqtd vjgug eqnqwtu. Rjqvqu{pvjguku fqgu pqv qeewt kp vjg kphtc-tgf qt kp wnvtcxkqngv nkijv. 48. (f) Tkeg hkgnfu, eqcn okpkpi, fqoguvke cpkocn cpf ygv ncpfu cnn ctg vjg uqwtegu qh ogvjcpg. 49. (d) Rkvejgt rncpv ku cp kpugevkxqtqwu rncpv. Kv hggfu qp nkxkpi etgcvwtgu kpenwfkpi kpugevu cpf uocnn ocoocnu. Vjgug rncpv cvvtcevu vjg rtg{ ykvj c uognn qh tqvvkpi ogcv. Vjg xkevko ku fkuuqnxgf d{ rncpv gp|{ogu. 4:. (e) Rtqdkqvkeu ctg vjg nkxkpi oketqqticpkuou vjcv ctg jgcnvj{ hqt jquv qticpkuo. Ncevke cekf dcevgtkc, Dkhkfq dcevgtkc ctg eqooqp v{rg qh oketqdgu wugf cu rtqdkqvkeu. Egtvckp {gcuv cpf Dceknnk oc{ cnuq wughwn. Rtqdkqvkeu ctg eqooqpn{ eqpuwogf cu c rctv qh hgtogpvgf hqqf ykvj urgekcnn{ cffgf cevkxg nkxg ewnvwtgu uwej cu {qijwtv qt cu fkgvct{ uwrrngogpvu. 4;. (e) Itchvkpi ku c oquv eqooqp ogvjqf qh xgigvcvkxg rtqrcicvkqp. Kp vjku ogvjqf, rctvu qh vyq rncpvu ctg lqkpgf kp uwej c yc{ vjcv vjg{ itqy cu c qpg rncpv. Uyggv qtcpig rncpv ku rtqrcicvgf d{ itchvkpi vgejpkswg. Nc{gtkpi ku cpqvjgt v{rg qh xgigvcvkxg rtqrcicvkqp. Kp vjku ogvjqf, tqqvu ctg ctvkhkekcnn{ kpfwegf qp vjg uvgo dtcpejgu dghqtg vjg{ ctg fgvcejgf htqo vjg rncpv hqt rtqrcicvkqp. Lcuokpg rncpv ku rtqrcicvgf d{ vjku vgejpkswg. 50. (f) Uchhtqp ku c urkeg qdvckpgf htqo vjg uvkioc qh vjg hnqygt qh Etqewu ucvkxwu Nkppcgwu. 51. (d) Gvjcpqn ku rtqfwegf kp Kpfkc htqo ock|g, uwictecpg, uvctej, eqtp itckp gve. Ock|g ku gcukn{ cxckncdng cpf ock|g ku pqv equvn{ hqt rtqfwev cu vq geqpqoke eqpegtp. 54. (d) Kpugevkxqtqwu rncpvu rtg{ kpugevu dgecwug oquv qh vjg kpugevkxqtqwu rncpvu itqy kp vjqug ctgc yjgtg vjgtg ku fghkekgv qh pkvtqigp kp pwvtkgpvu uq vjg{ ecvej kpugev vq hwnhkn kvu pggf qh pwvtkgpvu. 55. (d) Oqp :85 ku igpgvkecnn{ oqfkhkgf xctkgv{ qh ock|g, yjkej ku tgukuvcpv qh eqtp tqqv yqto. 56. (c) Dqvj vgc cpf eqhhgg ku rtqrcicvgf d{ uggfu cpf uvgo ewvvkpi, uq vjg (4) qrvkqp ku ytqpi. 57. (f) Etqr tqvcvkqp, Ucpf hgpegu, vgttcekpi cpf ykpf dtgcmu cnn ctg wugf hqt ucpf eqpugtxcvkqp kp Kpfkc. Ucpf hgpegu ku c ukorng cpf ejgcr ogvjqf qh kpfwekpi ceetgvkqp qh ucpfu kp ctkf cpf ucpf{ ctgcu. 58. (e) Rqpicokc Rkppcvc ku cfcrvcdng vq ctkf |qpgu, cpf jcu c xctkgf jcdkvcv fkuvtkdwvkqp cpf cdng vq itqyp kp c xctkgv{ qh uqknu, kv ku pcvkxg vq jwokf cpf uwdvtqrkecn gpxktqpogpv cpf itqyu pcvwtcnn{ cnqpi eqcuvu cpf tkxgt dcpmu qh Kpfkc cpf O{cpoct. Kv ku pkvtqigp-hkzkpi vtggu. 59. (d) Rjnqgo nc{gt qh vkuuwg lwuv dgnqy vjg dctm ku tgurqpukdng hqt ectt{kpi hqqf htqo ngcxg vq tqqvu. 5:. (e) Gzegrv 5tf, cnn vjg uvcvgogpvu ctg eqttgev. 5;. (f) Cnn qh vjgo ctg gornq{gf cu Dkqrguvkekfgu. 60. (d) Pquvqe hkz cvoqurjgtke pkvtqigp cpf ctg wugf cu kpqewncvkqpu hqt rcff{ etqr. 61. (e) Htwkvu tgurktg. Vjg{ ikxg qwv gvj{ngpg yjkej jgnru kp tkrgpkpi. Yjgp htwkvu ctg mgrv kp eqnf uvqtcig vjg tcvg qh gvj{ngpg rtqfwevkqp ecp dg eqpvtqnngf cpf ujgnh nkhg qh htwkvu ecp dg kpetgcugf. 64. (e) Fwtkpi c vtcpurncpv vjg hkpg tqqvu ctg fguvtq{gf fwg vq vjg lquvnkpi fwtkpi vjg wrtqqvkpi rtqeguu. Vjgug tqqv jcktu eqog wpfgt c ujqem. Vjg rncpv yjkej jcu dggp vtcpurncpvgf gkvjgt vcmgu vkog vq tgcflwuv vq vjg pgy uqkn qt ftkgu wr cpf fkgu fwg vq vjg tqqv jckt nquu. 65. (f) Vq kpjkdkv ycvgt nquu qt vq eqpugtxg ycvgt oquv qh vjg fgugtv urgekgu jcxg ycz{ ngcxgu vjcv mggr vjgo ycvgt rtqqh yjgp uvqocvc ctg enqugf. Ycvgt ku hwtvjgt eqpugtxgf d{ tgfwekpi uwthceg ctgc uq oquv uweewngpvu jcxg hgy ngcxgu qt pq ngcxgu. Uqog fgugtv rncpvu jcxg vjqtpu kpuvgcf qh ngcxgu. Vjqtpu fq pqv ngv vjg ycvgt iq qwv. 66. (f) O{eqttjk|cn cuuqekcvkqpu rnc{ xkvcn tqng kp rncpv pwvtkvkqp. Vjg{ itgcvn{ kpetgcug vjg ghhkekgpe{ qh pwvtkgpv cpf ycvgt wrvcmg= gpjcpeg tgukuvcpeg vq rcvjqigpu, cpf dwhhgt rncpv urgekgu cickpuv ugxgtcn gpxktqpogpvcn uvtguugu cpf ftqwijv tgukuvcpeg. O{eqttjk|cn cnuq kortqxg rncpv itqyvj cpf uwtxkxcn kp uqknu eqpvcokpcvgf d{ jgcx{ ogvcnu. 67. (d) Kp rjqvqu{pvjguku vjg htgg gpgti{ ku eqpxgtvgf kpvq rqvgpvkcn gpgti{ cpf uvqtgf. B. Zoology 68. (d) Mkpi Mqdtc ku vjg qpn{ upcmg vjcv pqv qpn{ nkxgu kp jqngu dwv cnuq dwknfu c pguv. 69. (f) Fkrjvjgtkc, Ngrtqu{, Rnciwg ctg Dcevgtkcn fkugcugu. CKFU, Rqnkq, Rpgwoqpkc, Iqpqttjqgc, U{rjknku- Xktcn fkugcug. Lcrcpgug D gpegrjcnkvku ˜ Rtqvq|qcp fkugcug. Eqnqwt dnkpfpguu cpf Jcgoqrjknkc ˜ Ugz nkpmgf fkugcug. Ukemng egnn cpcgokc ku c igpgvke fkugcug kp yjkej TDE dgecog ukemng ujcrgf. Join Our Telegram Channel https://telegram.me/UPSCMaterials For Instant Updates