Aksharica - 072 (अक्षरिका- ०७२)

@)!% h"g

jif{%cs+ &@ cfofltt vfBfGgsf] 8/

o; c+sdf s] s] < DofuL rfprfpdf ln8 (Lead; ΩΩ j}1flgsx¿n] ux|f+} wft'
lzzf) kfOPsf] ;dfrf/n] lgs} Ps cd]l/sLn] jifs{ f] cf;} t (Heavy metal; x]eL d6] n_ sf]
(What is inside ?) rrf{ kfof] . ef/tdf @ ;o ^) kfpG8 cfofltt vt/gfs ;dx" sf Sof8d\ Lod
ags] f] of] rfprfp cdl] /sfdf vfBfGg vfG5 . of] eg]sf] (Cadmium), ds{/L (Mercury),
à cfofltt vfBfGg========================! klg aR] g] ul/G5 . xfd|f w]/} p;sf] sn" vfgfsf] sl/a cf;]l{ gs (Arsenic) cflb;Fu}
efG;fdf klg of] kfSg] u/]sf] /fv]sf 5g\ .
(Do not make joke about) 5 . ef/tLo ;/sf/n] o;df !# k|ltzt xf] .
ln8 ePsf] atfof] . lalqm aGb cdl] /sfdf ljZjsf ! ;o of] wft' jftfj/0fdf slxNo}
à gful/s kZ| g–pQ/ (^ / (&===# u¥of] . gk] fndf klg o;sf] gf; x'Fb}g . pbfx/0fM ln8
lalqm aGb ul/of] . &) b]zaf6 vfBfGg ldl;Psf] t/sf/L hgfj/n]
(Civic Test - Q/A no. 90) cfp5F . oxfF cfpg] vfG5, / pSt hgfj/sf] df;'
sxfFaf6 cfof,] ln8 < vfBfGgsf] dfqf k|To]s jif{ dfG5n] ] vfPdf :jf:Yodf xflg
à rNtLsf cu+ h]| L zAb $)=========$ rfprfpsf] sRrfkbfy{ a9\bf] 5 . ahf/df hfg'cl3 k¥' ofpF5 . /, hgfj/ x'Fb}
;/sf/n] vfB hfFRg] sfd dfG5]df clg dT[ ok' l5
(Most common Eng. words 40) db} f, gg' , kfgL cflbdWo] km]l/ hdLgd} lagf–gf]S;fg
db} f g} ln8sf] ;|ft] xf] . klg ul//xG5 . lzzf 3'ld/xG5 . xfdf| ] z/L/df
à dq" k|0ffnLsf cu+ x¿==============$ Pl;of dxfbz] df dfq} $) lbdfu, sn]hf], lduf}{nf, xf8df
k|ltzt ux'F rfprfp agfpg ΩΩ ln8 a:g] xF'bf /ut tyf
(Organs of urinary system) k|ofu] xG' 5 . bL3{sfnLg c;/ x]g{ bfFt jf
xf8df ln8sf] k/LIf0f ul/G5 .
s] xf] ln8 <
/f;folgs ¿kdf ln8÷lzzf cd]l/sfdf eg] ;g\ !(&)

Ps wft' xf], h;nfO{ vfB

@

eGbf cl3 ags] f 3/x? hLjsf] df;'sf] vkt a9s] f] @)!% hg" , jif{ % cs+ &@
/+ufpg k|ofu] ePsf /+udf tYofª\s klg kfOG5 .
lzzf ko| f]u ePsfn] o:tf dGqfnon] lrgfPsf]
3/df a:g] gfgLx? k|efljt s;n] lgu/fgL u5{ <
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . of] lzzfn] sl[ if dGqfnon] g} sof+} ljb]zL cGo b]zaf6 leœofOg]
kfFr jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf pTkfbgnfO{ vfg of]Uo eg]/
gfgLnfO{ kT| oIf c;/ u5{ . cfˆgf] gfd lbg] u/s] f] 5 . vfBfGgsf] u0' f:t/
o:t} pbfx/0fdf dfly tl:a/ lgu/fgL ug]{ sfd vfB tyf
cd]l/sfdf cfpg] vfBfGg ePsf] Pp6f lrof ef/tdf cfi} fwL k|zf;g (Food and
Ps cdl] /sLn] jif{sf] cf;} t ag]sf] xf] . o;nfO{ s[lif
dGqfno (USDA) n] cUof{lgs Drug Administration, FDA)
@ ;o ^) kfpG8 cfofltt (Organic) xf] egs] f] 5 .
vfBfGg vfG5 . of] eg]sf] n] u5{ . To;n} ] cd]l/sf
p;sf] sn" vfgfsf] sl/a !# x'g] hn–hLj t caf+}{ 8n/ Nofpg] tof/L ubf{ g} o;sf]
kl| tzt xf] . sf] cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . rLgdf kj" { hfgsf/L pSt lgsfonfO{
Jofkf/sf nflu klg df5f lbPsf] xg' k' 5{ .
cdl] /sfdf ljZjsf ! ;o cflbsf] pTkfbg w/] } xg' ]
&) b]zaf6 vfBfGg cfpF5 . u/]sf] 5 . /ftf] df;', s'v/' fsf] df;' /
oxfF cfpg] vfBfGgsf] dfqf c08f h'g bz] af6 Nofpg] eP
k|Tos] jif{ a9b\ f] 5 . kl5Nnf] tfhf kmnkmn" / ;'sfOPsf klg cd]l/sL dfkb08cg;' f/
tYof+s xg] {] xf] eg] cdl] /sfnfO{ kmnkmn" -5fs] 8f, ls;ld;, xg' k' 5{ .
rflxn] vfBfGgdWo] *^ k|ltzt sfh,' bfnlrgL cflb_ rLg–
;db' a| f6 kfOg] vfg]s/' f -df5f afx]s sf:] 6fl/sf / dl] S;sf]– vfBfGgsf oL ;d:of
cflb_, %) kl| tzt kmnkm"n af6 cfpF5 . of] jifl{] g a9b\ f] vfBfGgsf o:tf ;d:ofx?
/ @) kl| tzt t/sf/L cGo 5 . o;afxs] o:tf ;s' fOPsf
dn' 'saf6 cfpF5 . kmnkm"n clkm| sf, ef/t, leotf– af/Daf/ cfO/xG5g\ . lsgeg]
gfd, blIf0f cd]l/sL b]zx?af6 oxfFsf] ;/sf/n] o:tf
cGo b]zdf dhb/" L vr{ sd cfpF5 . tfhf kmnkmn" x? eg] vfBfGgdfly lg/Gt/ hfFrsf]
nfUgfn] cGoqaf6 leœofpg' Sofg8f, dl] S;sf,] lrnL, k]? ;Sbf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 .
;:tf] k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu cflb bz] af6 cfpg] u/]sf] 5 .
oxfF :ofp kmnfpge' Gbf cGo olt x'FbfxF'b} klg :ofpsf]
bz] af6 Nofpg' w/] } ;:tf] k5{ . t/sf/Lx? w]/} k7fpgd] f h';df cf;{]lgs, gfgLx?nfO{
dl] S;sf] k5{ . To;kl5 v'jfpg] kmdn{" fdf d]nfdfOg
;ae} Gbf a9L sxfaF f6 cfpF5 < Sofg8f, k?] cflb bz] k5{g\ . (Melamine), rfdndf
aflx/af6 cfpg] vfB ;dx" df Sof8\dLod, ;'Fu/' sf] df;'df
/ftf] df;' c? b]zaf6 klg af/] ]S; (Borax), Rofpdf lAnr
tfhf df5f, vk6fdf x'g] cfpF5 . ufO{sf] df;' k7fpg]df (Bleach), e6d\ f; cflb ld;fP/
hn–hLj, kmnkmn" / ;'s]sf Sofg8f cuf8L 5 . To;kl5 agfPsf] ;fo] f ;; (Soy sauce)
kmnkm"n, u'lnof] vfBfGg, jfOg Go'lhNof08, p?Uj,] / ci6]l« nof df cf;]l{ gs kfOPsfn] rLgaf6
/ lao/ k5{g\ . e"–dWo /]vf k5g{ \ . kl5Nnf jifx{ ?df cGo o:tf vfB Nofpg /f]s
j/k/sf :yfgdf pAhg] nufOPsf pbfx/0f 5g\ .
;a}h;f] vfB zt kl| tzt
aflx/af6 cfpF5g\ . egf+} g s] ug{] <
slkm, rsn]6 cflb agfpFbf à vfB tyf cfi} fwL k|zf;g
rflxg] sfs] f]cf (Cocoa), (FDA) sf] ja] ;fO6 xg] {] .
lrof zt k|ltzt cGo bz] af6 à ;dfrf/ k9\g,] ;'Gg] jf
cfpF5 . o:tf lrhsf] oxfF x]g{] afgL ug{] .
pTkfbg z'Go a/fa/ 5 . à ;fyLefO, Oi6ldq cflb;Fu
ukmufkm ug]{ afgLn] o:tf
rLgaf6 dfq df5f, vk6fdf hfgsf/L kfOG5 .
à tof/L vfBfGgM a§f,
y}nf,] kf]sf] cflbsf k|zf]lwt
vfgfdf cvfB xg' ] ;+efjgf
a9L xG' 5 . tfhf vfgs] '/f
:j:y xG' 5g\ .

-cd]l/sfdf ln8÷lzzfsf] ljiffSttfaf/]
yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu …cIfl/sfÚsf]
;g\ @)!@ cu:t c+s xg] {x' f;] \ ._

@)!% h"g, jif{ % c+s &@#

cd]l/sfsf] em08fsf t]x| kftf / krf; tf/f

gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] chusetts), ;fpy – lsgeg] k|Tos] tf/fn] Pp6f

lstfasf] kZ| g gDa/ (^ tyf Sof/fn] fOgf (South Carolina), /fHo hgfp5F g\ (because each

(& / ltgsf pQ/M Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire), star represents a state) .

à cd]l/sfsf] em08fdf lsg !# elhl{ gof (Virginia), Go'ofs] { – lsgeg] oxfF %) /fHo 5g\

kftf 5g\ < (Why does the flag (New York), gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (because there are 50

have 13 stripes?) (North Carolina), / /f8] states) .

– lsgeg] oxfF !# j6f dn" a:tL cfONofG8 (Rhode Island) ••

lyP (because there were 13 x'g\ . To;n} ] xfdL cdl] /sL cdl] /sL em08fsf] s'gfsf]

original colonies) em08fnfO{ …tf/fx¿ / kftfx¿Ú rf/kf6] gLnf] ki[ 7e"lddf %)

– lsgeg] oL kftfn] z?' sf a:tL sf] eG5f}+ . tf/f 5g\ . k|Tos] %) tf/fn]

hgfpF5g\ (because the stripes cdl] /sf :jtGq dn' s' ag]sf] %) /fHo hgfpF5g\ . sfnf–

represent the original !* jif;{ Dd em08fdf !# kftf Gt/df cd]l/sL em08fdf ePsf

colonies) . lyP . ;g\ !&($ df !# tf/f a9]/ %) ku' s] f x'g\ .

• • s]G6sL (Kentucky) / ed{G6 ;g\ !(%( df cdl] /sL

cd]l/sL em08fdf gLnf,] (Vermont) gofF /fHosf ¿kdf em08fdf tf/fsf] ;+Vof %)

/ftf] / ;]tf] /+u k|ofu] ePsf] k|jz] u/], clg b'O{ kftf k'u]sf] xf], ha xjfO{ (Hawaii)

5 . s'gfsf] rf/kf6] gLnf] ylkP . ;g\ !*!* df s+u;]| n] cdl] /sfsf] %) cf+} /fHo

ki[ 7e"lddf %) tf/f 5g\ . oL em08fdf kftf ;w}+ !# g} aGof] .

%) tf/fn] %) cd]l/sL /fHo x'g'k5{ eGg] lg0f{o u¥of] . pQm ;g\ !&&& df bf;] |f]

hgfpF5g\ . dflyaf6 tntkm{ lg0fo{ sf] cfzo !# kftfn] dxfb]lzo s+u;]| n] em08f;DaGwL

!# j6f t];f{ kftf 5g\ . oL dn' s' :jtGq xF'bfsf a]nfotL klxnf] P]g Nofof,] To;df

;t] f / /ftf kftfn] cdl] /sfsf pklgj]zsf !# /fHosf] ;Ddfg pNnv] ul/Psf] 5, …kfl/t eof],

z'?df !# /fHo hgfpF5g\ . u5{ eGg] xf] . cdl] /sfsf] of] em08fdf tx] |

tL /fHoM 8n] fj/ (Delaware), à cd]l/sfsf] em08fdf lsg %) j6f Pskl5 csf]{ /ftf] /

k]G;nel] gof (Pennsylvania), tf/f 5g\ < (Why does the flag ;]tf] ub{} kftf x'g5] g\, h;df

Goh' ;L{ (New Jersey), hlh{of have 50 stars?) ;+3sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] gLnf]

(Georgia), sgl] 6s6 (Con- – lsgeg] Pp6f /fHosf nflu k[i7ed" Ldf ;t] f tx] | tf/fx¿sf]

necticut), dl] /Nof08 (Mary- Pp6f tf/f xf] (because there xg' ]5g,\ To;n] gofF tf/fd08n

land), df;fr';]6\; (Massa- is one star for each state) hgfpF5 .

$

cu+ ]h| L zAb ;"rL 40 @)!% hg" , jif{ % cs+ &@

cu+ h|] Ldf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 $) cf+} ;"rL -efu $)_

• client : 7Kk ug,'{ lrlDng,' ;dfKt ug{' 9flsg,' ;+lbUw x'g', clgi6

gfd– sfgg" L jf cGo jf x'g,' k"/f ug'{ . ;r" s x'g,' ck;ug' L x'g',
Joj;foLaf6 ;j] f kf| Kt
ug]{ JolSt, emul8of, uf| xs, gfd÷ljzi] f0f– aGb, 7Kk, xKk, 9fSg,' ?Flbg,' w'lDdg', abnL
;j] fuf| xL, sfofy{ L{, cfl>t,
d'jlSsn, SnfoG6 . u'lD;Psf,] uK' t, 3gf, cj;fg, x'g', afblng', cFWof/f] x'g', pbf;

• climate : glhs, j/, ;fFvN' n,] ;fy, x'g,' aflkmg' .

gfd– xfjfkfgL, hnjfo', lgs6, ;lGgs6, 3lgi7, gfd– ?Fb, afbn, d3] , hnjfx,
cfjxjf, l:ylt, jftfj/0f, lgolGqt, uf9f, ;dflKt, k|fKt s6f, cDa'w/, sg' } rLhsf] Ps}
nIf0f, ;db' fo jf hdfgfsf] ug{ sl7g, nueu . tkm{ rNg] ;xdlt .
k|jl[ Q cyjf efj .
• closely : • club :
• climb :
ljz]if0f– Wofg lbP/, u'Kt lqmof– lk6g\ ', 8G8fn] xfGg',
lqmof– pSng,' r9\g', dfly ?kn,] ;fjwfgLn], ;I" dtfåf/f, ldNg,' ;femf x'g', ubfn] xfGg,'
hfg', pFef] nfUg', cf/fx] 0f ug{,' bQlrQ eP/ . nf7fn] ] lk6g\ ,' Ps 7fpFdf
psfnf] nfUg' .
gfd– pSnfO, r9fO, cf/f]x0f, • closer : hDdf x'g,' Sna agfpg' .
psfnf] .
gfd– cem glhs, cem 5p] . gfd– ubf, n6\7L, nf7f,] d]ns,
• clock :
• closet : d08n, ufi] 7L, uf]nf -kmnfd]_
lqmof– ;do cjlw k~hLs[t
ug{', ;do n]Vg' jf /]s8{ ug'{ . lqmof– s;;} Fu ufK] o s/' f] ug,{' . c88\ f, Sna, ;ef .
gfd– 7n" f] 38L, uf]nLufF7f]sf]
efudf /flvPsf] a'§f . gfd– ;fgf] sf]7f, uf]Ko s/' f– • cm :

• close : sfgL ug]{ sIf, b/fh÷cfndf/L . gfd– ;l] G6ld6/ (centimeter)

lqmof– aGb ug{' jf x'g' -lasf{], ljz]if0f– PsfGtdf a;]/ sfd sf] 5f6] s/L .
9fs] f, sf7] f, ;8s, k;n, sf/f]
af/ cflb_ yG' g', 6fNg,' nfpg,' ug,]{ ;}4flGts, uf]Ko ?kaf6 • coach : la6 dfbfd{ fb}{
sfo{ ug]{ .
lqmof– vn] l;sfpg,' cltl/St cfF ug]{ dv' nfO{
• cloth/ clothing : k9fOg' . of] cfF ug]{ d'v / slxNo}
gfd– /fhsLo ;jf/L, /n] sf] gel/g] k6] nfO{ slt yf]s
gfd– n'uf, sk8f, j:q, kf]zfs, rflxg] < To;n} ] xf]nf d'v /
k6] sf s/' f w]/ xG' 5g\ . x]/f+}
cfj/0f, nu' fkmf6f] . 8Aaf, a; -nfdf] ofqfsf_] , lghL g pvfg, æclgsfnsf] eft
vfg 7'nf] dv' cfF u/Æ, ævfg]
• cloud : df:6/, v]n lzIfs . dv' nfO{ hFu' fn] 5]Sb}gÆ,
qmdzM ælrKnf dv' sf], wldnf] k]6Æ,
lqmof– d3] n] 9fSg,' d]3af6 æltqfsf] d'v} a/} LÆ, æxflQsf]
d'vdf lh/fÆ, æ;:tf] a;] fxf k]6
lrlsT;sLo zAbx¿ nfuL d/Æ cflb cflb .

dq" k|0ffnL dfG5] dv' / k]6 dfq lnP/
hGdb}g . cfvF f, sfg, gfs
lk;fa agfpg] k0| ffnLnfO{ lg:sg] gnL . x'g] y}nL . lnP/ hGdG5 . h;nfO{ cfvF f,
à dq" fzo÷dq" y}nL÷lk;fa à dq" dfu{ (Urethra): sfg, gfsn] ;fy lb+b}gg\ .
dq" k|0ffnL (Urinary system) y}nL (Bladder): dq" dfu{af6 d"qfzoaf6 lk;fa aflx/ hfg] ljj]sn] sfd ubf]{ xf] . kl/jf/,
elgG5 . o;df ofg} c+ux? lk;faaflx/ lg:sgc' l3 hDdf c+u . k'?ifsf] z/L/af6 jLo{ Oi6ldq, ;dfh, bz] n] sfd
klg xG' 5g\ . o; k|0ffnLsf klg aflx/ lg:sG5 . ubf{ x'g\ . To;}n] cfkm"n] vfg]
c+usf gfd lbOPsf] 5M d"qdfu{n] k'?ifsf] vfBaf/] hfGg vf]Hg' w]/} /fd|f]
dq" fªu\ ÷lnªu\ (Penis) ;Fu xG' 5 . sf]lz; u/] s] lauG| 5
à d[uf}nf (Kidney): /utaf6 ldn/] sfd u5{ . /<
v/fa tÎjx? cnu u/]/ à d"q lj1fg (Urology):
lk;fasf ?kdf aflx/ k7fpg] d"qlj1fg, lk;faaf/] j}1flgs wGojfb
z/L/leq d?] b08sf] tNnf] ?kdf cWoog ug{] lrlsT;f
efusf] bfofF afofF /xg] hf8] L lj1fgsf] zfvf .
cjoj . à d"q/fu] ljzi] f1 (Urologist):
dq" /fu] af/] hfGg] JolSt .
à dq" aflxgL÷gnL (Ureter):
lk;fanfO{ dq" fzo;Dd jf
aflx/ k‍¥' ofpg] du[ fn} faf6

Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : [email protected], URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/,
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya