SET B BIODIVERSITY & ECOLOGY Name : Nurul Fatehah bt Azizun MS2213105353 K3TO3A
I. Ecosystem diversity is one of the three types of biodiversity.Briefly explain on the ecosystem diversity and give three examples of terrestrial ecosystems. Tropical rainforests ecosystem Grassland ecosystem Deserts ecosystem Ecosystem diversity refers to the big variety of environments produced by the interplay of the living (animals and plants) and on-living world (earth forms , soil, rocks and water )There are three examples of terrestial ecosystems which is :
Grass Grasshopper Frog Bird i. Construct a food chain which consists of four trophic levels based on your own observation on a grass field ecosystem in KMPP.
iii. For the above food chain , classify the organisms at every trophic level into taxonomic groups of domain, kingdom, phylum , and genus/species. Identify at least one unique characteristic of each organism. Domain : Eukarya Kingdom : Plantae Phylum : Anthophyta Genus : Poaceae Unique characteristics : Photoautotrophs GRASS Domain: Eukarya Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Arthtropoda Genus: Valanga Unique characteristics : has hard exoskeleton GRASSHOPPER
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Genus :Limnodynastes Unique Characteristics : The pupil of the FROG eyes is longish and horizontal Domain :Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum :Chordata Genus : Corvus Unique Characteristics: Lightweight bones BIRD
iv. A food web may create a more stable grass field ecosystem. Explain on this statement with a possible example of food web (which consists of 3-5 food chains) for the grass field ecosystem (provide also a diagram of the food web). A food web is a tool that illustrates the feeding relationship among species within a specific habitat. It is a connection of multiple food chain to show the interaction between different organisms in an ecosystem. A food web is usually divided into three levels which is primary, secondary and tertiary . In a food web, the supplies of food never end because one organism occupy more than one level and it have variety of food sources . Therefore, it is more stable than the food chain.
Grass Grasshopper Frog Bird Cartepillar snake mouse
v. Explain the effects of herbicides on the grass field ecosystem . Suggest ways to prevent this environmental issue Herbicides could decimate some weeds and slow down growth in others.Herbicides affect animals directly or indirectly. As a result of the use of pesticides and herbicides, there are decrease in the numbers of rare animals and some species of endangered birds. Herbicides are chemicals that are used to kill weeds in lawns and gardens. However , herbicides might reduce the population of producer. herbicides disrupts the chemical process of photosynthesis, by which plants convert sunlight energy to food energy. Less food source for the herbivores . Herbicides are used in agricultural areas to reduce harmful of weeds.
Use technique soil cultivation . Tilling the soil is known to be effective in lowering weed populations. It is important to plow the soil. Soil cultivation or digging is mainly carried out to bury weeds and debris. This is usually followed by surface preparation for sowing and planting. Awareness campaigns . For Example , educate people to not use herbicides frequently and advertise the effect of herbicides to the environment Ways to prevent from effect of herbicides :
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