Launching the Imagination 3D (Mary Stewart)

grids 233
grouping of visual units 228–9

H

Haacke, Hans, Weather Cube 284
handheld (scale) 237
Hassinger, Maren, 12 Trees No. 2 282
Hatoum, Mona, Doormat II 182
Hesse, Eva, Accession II 231, 232
high definition 171
Hild, Eva, Lamella 188
Hilton, Eric, Innerland 259
historical references 163
Hokusai, Katsushika, Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji 135
Holt, Nancy, Sun Tunnels 201, 202, 223
Horn, Roni, How Dickinson Stayed Home 228, 229
hot glue 266
Houdon, Jean-Antoine, Saint Bruno of Cologne 236
Huai-su, Autobiography 162
hue 219
Hunt, Richard

Raven and Sisiutl Transformation Mask 112
Sisiutl mask 190
hybridity 182

I

I miss my lung, Bob, poster 168
iconography 163–5
ideas (see also creative thinking)

in physical form 292
mapping 119
sources 110–13, 123
Iden, Cally, Crouse College as a Labyrinth 148
illusion of reality 171
immediacy 165–6
implied lines 201–2
implied motion 223
implied time 223
installations 195, 211
intensity (color) 219
intuitive thinking 129
Irwin, Robert 123
Part II: Excursus: Homage to the Square 217, 218
isolation 243

J

Janney, Christopher, Sonic Plaza 290
Jansen, Theo, Strandbeest 191
Jefferson National Expansion Memorial 192, 201
joints (connections) 253

Jordan, Lorna, Waterworks Gardens: The Grotto 284, 285
journal keeping 120

308

K

Kahn, Ned, Wind Veil 222, 223
Kallick, Bena 137
Kandinsky, Wassily, Several Circles 171, 172, 180
Kanner, Catherine, poster design for Serenade 164
Kapoor, Anish, Cloud Gate 211
Karnes, Karen, Vessel 209
Kawamata Tadashi, Apartment project Tetra House N-3 W-26 272–3, 292
Kelley, Tom 120–1
Kelly, Elizabeth, #Save the Bees poster and T-shirt series. 135–6
Kentridge, William

Black Box/Chambre Noire 163
Refusal of Time 182, 183, 184
Kim, Mikyoung, Exhale 279–80
King, Elizabeth, Attention’s Loop 253, 254, 292
King, Larry 127
King, Martin Luther, Jr. 184
Kita Toshiyuki, Kita collection 220
Klein, William, Gun 1, New York 171, 173
Knapp, Stephen
Celebration 140

First Symphony 218
knowledge base 128
Koss, Gene, Hay Loader 259, 260
Kruger, Barbara, Untitled (We Don’t Need Another Hero) 182
Kusama Yayoi, Fireflies on the Water 195, 211
Kusumoto Mariko, Tansu no Oku 257, 258

L

Lamott, Anne 131
language 162
Laocoön and His Sons 201
Larocque, Jean-Pierre, Untitled (Head series) 252, 257
layering of images 182
LeBoeuf, Michael 127, 130
Leonardo da Vinci 123, 163

Proportions of the Human Figure (after Vitruvius) 182, 183
Ley, Rob, Draper 199
light 215–19

ambient and directed 217–18
projected 218–19
as sculpture 218–19
and surface 216–17
value and volume 215–16
light value 215–16
Lin, Maya
Blue Lake Pass 203, 204

Topo 277
Linarducci, Adele 221
line

continuity 201
direction 199, 201
orientation 198–9
quality 198–201
in three-dimensional design 198
linear networks 202, 206
linear perspective 147
Lisková, Vera, Porcupine 110–11
Loewy, Raymond 180
Longo, Robert, Corporate Wars 194
Los Angeles Ballet poster for Serenade by George Balanchine 164, 165
Lou, Liza, Plan, Prepare, Execute 241
low-definition shapes 171
Lowe, Lynda, Lexicon 131–2
Lucier, Mary 143
Migration (Monarch) 142
Lyotard, Jean-François 181

M

Maccaulay, Mark, book jacket design and illustration for Dead Wrong 165
MacDonald, David, Figurative Vessel #3 257, 270–1
Macsai, Aaron, Panels of Movement 230

Magritte, René, Golconde 164
Mai, Francesco, Alien Sculpture 214, 215
maquettes 121
Margulies, Jimmy, editorial cartoon 175
Martens, Kim, Arterial Fibrillation 169
Martin, Walter, Of Bodies Born Up by Water 275
Martinez, Maria Montoya and Julian, jar with feathers and an avanyu 212,

214
masking tape 266
mass 191
Mast, Sara, Black (W)hole 133–4
materials 247–8 (see also specific materials)

alternative 153
composites 248
ephemeral 262–3
meaningful 267–8

309

modernism 180
physical properties 250, 281–2
postmodern use of 181–2
structural strength 248–51
student 265–6
traditional 256–61
transformative 256–64
matrix (grid) 233
McAlliste, Steve 203
McDowell, Deborah Haylor, The Serpent Didn’t Lie 163–4, 166

meaning 162–85
aesthetics 178–84
building bridges 162–8
connections 173–5
context 173
degrees of definition 171
degrees of representation 171
drama 184
materials 267–8
purpose and intent 169–71

mechanical forms 191
metals 257–9
metaphor 173
Michelangelo 123

Pietà 274, 286
Miller, John Paul, Crab Brooch 255, 258
Mimlitsch-Gray, Myra, Timepiece 274
Min Yong Soon, Dwelling 276–7
Minnesota Children’s Museum signage 174
Miss, Mary, Pool Complex: Orchard Valley 253, 254
model making 121
modeling process 252
modernism 179–81
Moe, Ledelle, Collapse V 206, 207
Montagna, Dennis 186–7
monumental (scale) 237
Moskowitz, Robert, Seventh Sister 171, 172

movement 291
Mueck, Ron, The Boy 262
Muñoz, Juan, Towards the Corner 228, 229
Muñoz, Paloma, Of Bodies Born Up by Water 275
museum visiting 111, 113

N

NASA exhibit at the 1989 Paris Air Show 218
National Cancer Institute training system 169
natural forms 110–11
negative space 191, 209
Nehl, Georgiana, Lexicon 131–2
Nelson, Elizabeth 125–6
Nevelson, Louise, Wedding Chapel IV 229
Newman, Barnett 180

Broken Obelisk 275
nonobjective

artworks 274, 286–7
shapes 171
nonrepresentational shapes 171
North Face, Peregrine Tent 282
Notkin, Richard, Vain Imaginings 268

O

O’Meallie, Sean, Out-Boxed Finger Puppets Perform the Numbers 1 Through
5 in No Particular Order 173, 175, 184

objective criticism 142–3
objectives 114, 116
Okulick, John, Wind Wizard 253, 254, 255, 259
Oldenburg, Claes (and Coosje Van Bruggen)

Shuttlecocks 153, 223
The Typewriter Eraser 234
Oldenburg, Claes, Shuttlecocks 153
Oltmann, Walter, Caterpillar Suit I 212, 214
Onwin, Glen, Nigredo 288, 289
Oppenheim, Dennis, Device to Root Out Evil 280–1
opposing forces 240
organic forms 191, 205
organized persistence 137
orientation of line 198–9
orthographic projection 192, 193
Ortiz,Virgil, Untitled 257
oxidation 284

P

Parker, Cornelia, Mass (Colder Darker Matter) 282
Paul, Rick, Querschnitt 264, 265

310

pedestals 278
Pentagram Design, Minnesota Children’s Museum signage 173, 174

performance art 287–8
Perschke, Kurt, RedBall Taipei 221, 243
personification 184
photography, degrees of definition 171
physical connections 253
physical forces 250, 280–5

compression and expansion 281–2
presence and absence 283
process and product 284
tension and torsion 250, 282
weight and gravity 280–1
physical form 142, 180
Piano, Renzo, Pompidou Center 179, 180
Picasso, Pablo, Guernica 110
Pierobon, Peter, Ladderback Chair 199
plane (form) 203
plastics 262
Plensa, Jaume, Crown Fountain 223
plinths 278
point 197
polyhedra 205
Pomodoro, Arnaldo, Sphere Within Sphere 240, 241
Pompidou Center 179, 180
positive forms 191
positive space 208–9
postmodernism 179, 181–4
presence and absence 283

primary forms see dominant forms
Prince, George 129
problem characteristics 113
problem definition 114, 116
problem seeking 108–13
projected light 218–91
projects see assignments
proportion 238–40
prototypes 121
proximity 229
pure forms 171
purpose and intent 169–71
Puryear, Martin, Seer 227

Q

Quinn, Steve, website design 116–18

R

racial stereotyping 166
radial symmetry 234
Raphael, The School of Athens 147
Rauschenberg, Robert, Booster 170
receptivity 127
recontextualization 182

reflective surfaces 216
refracted light 216
relief (three-dimensional) 194
reorganization 154
repetition 230, 243–5
representational artworks 171, 274, 286
research 114, 117, 123
reviews 142
rhythm, visual 243–5
Rickel, Stan, Teapot Sketches 216
risk taking 129, 137
Rodin, Auguste, The Kiss 163, 194, 195, 223
Rogers, Richard, Pompidou Center 179, 180
Rosetta Stone 128
Rothko, Mark, White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose) 180, 181
rubber cement 266

S

Saarinen, Eero, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Gateway Arch) 192,
201

scale 237
Schaller, Markus, Some Words 166
Scherr, Mary Ann, Loops 241
Scotch tape 266
sculptural light 218–19
sculpture

building on a tradition 286 311
contemporary directions 287–92
ideas in physical form 292
as journey 290
as place 288–90
reinventing 286–7
as self 292
as time 290–1
secondary forms see subordinate forms
Segal, George, Walk, Don’t Walk 221, 223

self-assignment 155–8
self-reliance 137
Seo, Young-Deok, Self-Portrait 214, 216
separation (boundaries) 277
Serenade by George Balanchine, Los Angeles Ballet poster 164, 165
series, variations 135–6
Serra, Richard, Betwixt the Torus and the Sphere 209, 210
shadow 217
Shakespeare, William 165
Shanosky, Don, poster introducing signage symbol system 166
shear (force) 250
Shi Jinsong, Na Zha Cradle 168
Shimomura, Roger, Stereotypes and Admonitions series 106, 166–7
significance 184
site-specific artworks 196
size see scale

skeletal structure 248
Slaughter, Todd

Grinding Knuckles 284
Mano y Bola 196
Slodtz, Michel-Ange, Saint Bruno 236, 243
Smith, David, Cubi XXVII 208, 209
Smith, Jaune Quick-to-See, The Red Mean: Self-Portrait 182, 183
Smith, Keith A. 119–20
Smith, Kiki, Virgin Mary 170, 171, 292
Smith, Rusty 137
Smithson, Robert, Spiral Jetty 196
Snelson, Kenneth, Free Ride Home 198, 282
social context 173
social responsibility 113
solidification 253
Sottsass, Ettore, Ginevra Carafe 206
space 208–12
activated 211
compression and expansion 209–11
entering 211
positive and negative 208–9
spatial illusion 146
static forms 191
Statue of Liberty 249, 286
stereotypes 166–7
stone 256–7
strength

material 247
structural 248–51
strengths and weaknesses 149–50
Strokowsky, Cathy, Glass Pod with Hair 261
structural strength 248–51
Stryk, Suzanne, Journey Work 110, 111
student materials 265–6
subject of an artwork 142
subjective criticism 143
subordinate forms 235
subtractive sculpture 252
success factors 137
Suh, Do Ho
Fallen Star 242, 243
Reflection 220
surface and light 216–17
surprise 168
symbolism in color 222
symmetry 234, 236
synthesis 137
Sze, Sarah, Hidden Relief 231, 232

T

tapes (materials) 266
tension (force) 250, 282
textiles 260

texture 212–14
thesauri 119–21
three-dimensional design elements 190–226

color 219–22
form 191–7
light 215–19
line 198–203
mass 208–12
plane 203
point 197
space 208–12
texture 212–14
time 223–4
volume 203–6
three-dimensional design principles 227–46
balance 234–7
contrast 240–3
emphasis 243
repetition and rhythm 243–5
scale and proportion 237–40
unity and variety 228–33
three-dimensional printing 121, 122, 253, 257
three-quarter works 194
thumbnail sketches 121
time management 130–2
time
actual or implied 223–4

sculpture as 290–1
torque 250, 282
toxic materials 247
traditional materials 256–61
traditional sculpture 286

312

Trangmar, Susan, Blue Skies 277
transitions 255
translucent surfaces 216
transparent surfaces 216
transparent tape 266
Tripp, Tricia, Crouse College as a Labyrinth 148, 149

U

Ukeles, Mierle Laderman, Ceremonial Arch Honoring Service Workers in the
New Service Economy 273, 292

unity and variety
combining unifying forces 230
degrees of unity 231
grid and matrix 233
increasing unity 228–30
increasing variety 230–1
three-dimensional design 228–31

V

value, color 219
Van Bruggen, Coosje (and Claes Oldenburg)

Shuttlecocks 153, 223
The Typewriter Eraser 234
variations 135–6 (see also alternatives)
variety 228
Venturi, Robert 181
viewing time 223
Villareal, Leo, Big Bang 291
Viola, Bill 123
The Veiling 219
visual connections 253, 276
visual research 121–3
visual rhythm 243–5
volume 191, 203–6
Von Oech, Roger 107

W

Wakely, Shelagh, curcuma sul travertino 291
Walker, Kara, A Subtlety, or the Marvelous Sugar Baby 267
Waterston, Darren, Scapes cards 204
Watson, Thomas 131
website design 116–18
weight

and balance 234, 237
of material 247

physical 280–1
West Side Story poster 165
Wetzel, Katherine, Pupil from Attention’s Loop 254
white glue 265
Whitehead, Frances 110

The Greenhouse Chicago 175, 176–7
The A to Z 123
Whiteread, Rachel, Holocaust Memorial 283
Wilson, Richard, Slipstream 191, 203
Wodiczko, Krzysztof, Hiroshima Projection 218
wood 259
Woodward, Steve, Untitled 244–5
word/image integration 182
work habits 137
workability of material 247
working methods 130–1
Wright, Frank Lloyd, Unity Temple 179

X

Xiao Min, Secret Room 205
Xu Bing, A Book from the Sky 190