DTM10103 PORTFOLIO TOURISM GEOGRAPHY

MUHAMMAD ZIEQRUL AIMAN BIN ZAIHANIZAM
(14DUP21F2041)

NURUL INSYIRAH BINTI JAAFAR AINUN BASYIRAH BINTI ZULHAIDI NUR AYU ARISYA BINTI ABDULLAH

(14DUP21F2035) ( 14DUP21F2022) (14DUP21F2026)

MUHAMAD AIMAN HAKIM BIN MOHD SHAARI
(14DUP21F2042)

POLITICAL MAP OF THE POLITICAL MAP OF THE CONTINENT POLITICAL MAP OF THE
CONTINENT CONTINENT
The map shows the United Kingdom
and nearby nations with
international borders, the three
countries of the UK, England,
Scotland, and Wales, and the
province of Northern Ireland, the
national capital London, country
capitals, major cities, main roads,
and major airports.

POLITICAL MAP OF THE POLITICAL MAP OF THE CONTINENT POLITICAL MAP OF THE
CONTINENT CONTINENT
The topographic map shows
Great Britain, which is the name
for the island that comprises
England, Scotland, and Wales (on
the right) and the northeastern
part of Ireland, the island that is
home to the Republic of Ireland
and Northern Ireland, a province
of the United Kingdom (on the
left)

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN The UK has been a highly-populated island nation for centuries and the ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN
ENGLAND country’s current environmental issues are a culmination of these years ENGLAND
of interactions between the British and their natural surroundings. These
interactions have somewhat intensified since World War II as increased
national wealth and globalization have demanded the production of
more goods, services and infrastructure

Grazing, air pollution and the forces of climate change have significantly
affected the mountainous regions of the UK, according to the UK NEA.
Grazing and agricultural activities have also affected the country’s grassy
lowlands

A Resevoir in the Elan Valley
Cambrian Mountains, Wales UK.
Drinking water in the UK was on a
serious decline until action was
taken in the 1980s to improve its
quality

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN Environmental Policies of the United Kingdom ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN
ENGLAND ENGLAND
As the UK society and economy have expanded over the past 60 years,
so too has awareness about environmental issues and this can be seen in
the number of people joining environmental organizations. For example,
the National Trust had fewer than 7,000 members in 1944. In 2017, the
conservation organization had around 5 million

The UK also recently introduced higher penalties for environmental
offences. Fines for medium to large companies that violated
environmental laws are expected to jump from tens of thousands of
pounds to hundreds of thousands. Fines of these amounts have been
rare in the past and the increased amounts are expected to be a massive
deterrent.

The government is also supporting the use of green technologies by
offering financial incentives to companies that use renewable energy to
generate heat, and enacting energy-saving methods in the workplace

The current population of the United Kingdom is estimated at over
67.0 million, as of 2020. It is the 21st most populated country in the
world and has a population density of 270 people per square kilometre
(700 people per square mile), with England having significantly greater
density than Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.[2] Almost a third of
the population lives in South East England, which is predominantly urban
and suburban, with about 9 million in the capital city, London, whose
population density is just over 5,200 per square kilometre (13,468 per sq
mi)

The population of the UK has The main language of the country
is British English. Some Celtic
undergone demographic languages, namely Scottish
Gaelic and Irish, are still spoken
transition—that is, the transition in Scotland and Northern Ireland,
respectively, and Cornish has been
from a (typically) pre-industrial revived to a limited degree
in Cornwall; but the predominant
population, with language in these areas is
English. Welsh is widely spoken as
high birth and mortality rates and the first language
in North and West Wales, and to
slow population growth, through lesser extent in the South
East Wales, where English is the
a stage of falling mortality and dominant first language

faster rates of population growth,

to a stage of low birth and

mortality rates with, again, lower

rates of growth. This growth

through 'natural change' has

been accompanied in the past

two decades by growth through

net migration into the United

Kingdom, which since 1999 has

exceeded natural change



• The current population of the United Kingdom is 68,574,475 as of Thursday,
June 9, 2022, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data.

• The United Kingdom 2020 population is estimated at 67,886,011 people at mid
year according to UN data.

• The United Kingdom population is equivalent to 0.87% of the total world
population

• The U.K. ranks number 21 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by
population.

• The population density in the United Kingdom is 281 per Km2 (727 people per
mi2).

• The total land area is 241,930 Km2 (93,410 sq. miles)

• 83.2 % of the population is urban (56,495,180 people in 2020)

• The median age in the United Kingdom is 40.5 years.

Main drivers of population change for the UK from mid-
1992 onwards

the last three years of population growth are well below the average levels
between mid-2005 and mid-2016. The slower growth in recent years is driven by a
combination of both lower natural change (the balance between births and
deaths) and lower net international migration

Northern Ireland and England continued to grow faster
than Scotland and Wales

In the 12 months to mid-2019, the Across the whole of the UK there were
population of Northern Ireland grew by more births than deaths (positive natural
0.6% while that of the UK as a whole grew change), but in both Wales and Scotland
by 0.5%. One of the main drivers of the there were a higher number of deaths
faster population growth in Northern than births. Once again, this reflects the
Ireland is the comparatively high level of age structure of Wales and Scotland
natural change driven by a younger where the median ages of the population
population (median age of 38.9 years are 42.5 years and 42 years respectively;
compared with 40.3 years across the UK) this is around two years above the UK
leading to a higher number of births and a average
lower number of deaths

Population age structures of UK countries and English
regions

The London population had a lower The population of London is notably
median age, a lower proportion of people different to the rest of the UK in terms of
aged 65 years or over and a higher age structure and density. The population
population density than the rest of the UK of London has a median age of 35.6 years,
nearly five years below the average age in
the UK and three years below the average
age in Northern Ireland (38.9 years), the
next “youngest” country or region of
England. Further, London has the highest
proportion of those aged 16 to 64 years
(67.4%), the second highest proportion of
those aged 15 years and under (20.6%),
and the lowest proportion of those aged
65 years or over (12.1%)

CONTINUE . . .

Population density gives the population Most local authorities in Scotland and
per square kilometer and shows that Wales have lower population densities
areas in London and other major cities, than is typical of the UK. Exceptions
particularly around Birmingham, are the include cities such as Glasgow, Edinburgh,
most densely populated. In fact, London Dundee, Aberdeen and Cardiff as well as
boroughs account for the 20 most densely their respective surrounding areas. Of the
populated areas in the UK. The highest 19 local authorities in Great Britain with
population densities in the UK, of over population densities of less than 50
16,000 people per square kilometer, are people per square kilometre, 11 were in
found in the London Boroughs of Tower Scotland, 5 in England and 3 in Wales
Hamlets and Islington

RELIGION IN ENGLAND ( LONDON)

London is the most diverse area within the UK when it comes to religious
beliefs, with the highest percentage of people identifying as Muslim,
Buddhist, Hindu or Jewish. The latest data from the 2011 census recorded
that 48.4% of Londoners considered themselves to be Christian, 12.39%
considered themselves Muslim, 5% Hindu, 1.82% Jewish, 1.5% Sikh, 1%
Buddhist and 0.6% Other. A large proportion, 20.73% of respondents, stated
that they followed no religion

London Eye The special engineering achievement has
become a symbol of the modern capital and a
world-famous icon of architecture. While riding
the London Eye, you can see up to 40 km on a
clear day and at an impressive 135 metres (443
ft) high, you’ll be able to spot some of the
capital's most iconic landmarks and top
attractions, including Big Ben, the Houses of
Parliament and Buckingham Palace.

Glide above the Thames in the Emirates
Air Line cable car and take in aerial
views of London's skyline, as you travel
from the Greenwich Peninsula to the
Royal Docks.

Emirates Air Line cable car

This unique experience, developed by Merlin
Entertainments in conjunction with DreamWorks
Animation, brings to life the hilarious world of
Shrek and friends. The fantastical tour combines
10 laugh-out-loud live shows and classic sets
from the Shrek films with captivating storytelling,
an amazing 4D ride, dramatic special effects
and extraordinary DreamWorks animation.

Shrek's Adventure! London

Explore the marine world at SEA LIFE London
Aquarium on London's South Bank. During your
visit you'll stroll underneath the sea in the glass
Ocean Tunnel, take a trip to Seahorse Kingdom.
Other creatures you'll meet include penguins,
clownfish, rays, jellyfish and starfish.

SEA LIFE London
Aquarium

Tate Britain Tate Britain holds the largest collection of
British art in the world. Walk through the
London Transport history of British art from 1500 to the
Museum present day. See masterpieces by JMW
Turner, John Constable, John Everett
Millais, as well as outstanding modern and
contemporary art from Francis Bacon,
Lucian Freud, Barbara Hepworth, David
Hockney and Bridget Riley

Based in Covent Garden, the London
Transport Museum showcases transport icons
and ground-breaking design, from the red
London bus to the first ever Tube map design.
Explore how London’s growth, culture and
society have been intertwined with its
transport system, from 1800 to today.

Delve into the history of planet Earth in
the Natural History Museum’s galleries,

which house unique treasures from the
museum’s collection of more than 80 million

specimens spanning 4.5 billion years.

Natural History Museum

The Tower Bridge holds an exhibition from
where one can know all about how the world's
most popular bridge works and the history
behind the creation of it. Built in 1886, the Tower
Bridge is a combined bascule and a suspension
bridge in London constructed over the River
Thames.

Tower Bridge

Officially called the London Millennium
Footbridge and famously known as the ‘Wobbly
Bridge’, the Millennium Bridge, located between
Southwark Bridge and Blackfriars Railway

Bridge is for pedestrians to cross the River

Thames. It is a steel suspension bridge,

inaugurated in 2000, which is owned by Bridge

House Estates, a charitable trust under the City

of London Corporation.

Millennium Bridge

Trafalgar Square was built to commemorate
Lord Horatio Nelson's victory over the French
and Spanish at Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson's
Column, a 183-foot granite monument,
overlooks the square's fountains and bronze
reliefs, which were cast from French cannons.
Admiralty Arch, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, and the
National Gallery surround the square.

Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Square

Shepherd's Pie A wholesome and classic British meal,
Beef Wellington Shepherd’s Pie originated in Scotland and
the North of England and is primarily
made from minced lamb and potatoes.
Many families will make this dish using
beef, but then it should actually be
referred to as Cottage Pie, as shepherds
only herd sheep (duh)

Beef Wellington is a fillet of steak coated
in patê and then rolled in pastry.
Although the dish shares its name with
the famous Duke of Wellington, it actually
shares no link with the British nobility. In
reality, it is thought that Beef Wellington
was based around the French dish filet de
bœuf en croûte (fillet of beef in pastry)

Fish And Chips Perhaps nothing is more synonymous
Chicken Tikka Masala with British food than fish and chips. But,
unfortunately, this dish can often be a bit
disappointing if you don’t get it in the
right place. A top tip is to look for chip
shops that cook their fish fresh to order-
avoid a chippy that displays stacks of
precooked fish behind the glass

Although it may have South Asian roots,
there’s a lot of evidence to suggest that
Chicken Tikka Masala was first created in
Britain by a Bangladeshi chef in
Glasgow. Nowadays, it’s considered one
of the country’s most popular dishes and
is served in curry houses all over Britain

Steak and Kidney Pie Or any kind of pie for that matter.
A Full Breakfast Whether they’re covered in pastry or
covered in potato, pies feature heavily in
British cuisine and are the perfect
antidote to the harsh British winter

Also known as a ‘fry-up,’ a full breakfast is
made up of eggs, bacon, sausages, beans,
toast, tomatoes, and sometimes black
pudding (blood sausage). This hearty
breakfast is popular all over England,
Ireland, Scotland and Wales and is often
consumed on the weekend. There are
also regional variations, with a 'Full
Scottish' served with black pudding and
'tattie scones

Although there is no national dress
for England, there is plenty to go
around in Scotland, Ireland and
Wales. The Learning English Network
states that the Scottish national dress
for men includes not only a kilt, but a
shirt, waistcoat and tweed jacket as
well. The men wear brogues, which
are shoes or boots made with a low
heel and sturdy leather. Women wear
pleated skirts or dresses with shawls
that incorporate the tartan material.

In Wales, men wear tartan trousers.
Women wear a lace cap and tall black
hat, somewhat resembling a top hat.
They also wear a skirt and blouse with
black stockings and a red shawl. Irish
national dress is fairly simple,
involving a shirt, trousers and long
cloaks

The iconic Red Bus of London is the

most popular mode of transport and

ferries over two billion passengers

every year! There are many bus routes

plying throughout London, and it is

therefore a very convenient and

preferred way of travel. With or without

an Oyster Card, it is also extremely

affordable for daily travel. It only costs

£1.50 by Oyster card for however long
the journey is in an hour. There’s also

Bus the Hopper system on the Bus where

in an hour you can choose to change

any number of buses. Most go
London’s bus services run 24/7, so
you don’t have to worry about missing

the last one

Taxis Another iconic mode of transport, the
London taxi is easily available for hire
at any given time of the day. London’s
Hackney Carriages have been known
for their rich history that dates back to
1662. Carrying people to and fro ever
since, today this mode of transport is
synonymous with convenience. These
black cabs of London can be flagged
down by waving at them on the street.
A typical cab on hire would have a sign
that is illuminated until engaged. What
makes these cabs even more sought
after is that they’re obliged to take on
any journey for 12 miles, or up to one
hour duration

The Underground "Tube" he Underground, or 'The Tube’ is the
oldest underground metro network in
the world. Although named
Underground, more than 50% of its
tracks are actually above the ground! It
covers as many as 270 stations in total
and is the quickest and best choice for
travellers, as it keeps you away from
the hurdles of traffic and signals. It is
very easy to recognise the
Underground stations with its iconic
red and blue logo outside the venue.
While tickets can be purchased from
the entry point at the machines or at
the ticket offices at the station,
purchasing the Oyster card is a
smarter way to plan your journey

2021 inbound estimate for UK:

VisitBritain’s annual forecast for the volume and value of inbound tourism
to the UK is usually released by the end of each year. There were 1.8
million inbound visits to the UK in the first nine months of 2021 among
air passengers (93% down in 2019), with these visitors spending £ 1.8
billion (down 90%).
They estimate the latest for total incoming tourism, across all modes of
transport, for the full year 2021 is for 7.4 million visits, down 33% in 2020
and 18% from 2019 levels; and £ 5.5 billion to be spent by incoming
tourists, down 11% in 2020 and 19% from 2019 levels. There was an
increase in spend per visit in 2021 compared to before COVID, as a
result of higher average length of stay, with this effect particularly
noticeable in the first half of the year due to unusual visitor patterns.

2022 inbound forecast for UK:

The number of visits dropped sharply in January but data showing a recent increase in flight bookings
suggests visits will start to increase from late February onwards.Then they forecast a gradual take-up in
entry volume and value throughout 2022. The general direction is assumed to be upward, depending on
travel restrictions that do not tighten from current levels, as well as the return of traveler confidence.They
have published a new wave of their international COVID sentiment research to gauge the last one in
April.By the summer they predict that about half of the total number of visitors entering before COVID will
return. By the end of 2022 they predict visits will recover to about two-thirds from pre-COVID levels.With
forecasts at the moment they are still difficult, given the fast -moving conditions and unique
circumstances. Events have been moving fast during the COVID-19 pandemic and views can change
every day. They emphasize that this main scenario is only a possibility and involves some assumptions
and simplifications due to fast -moving and volatile conditions.