Soccer

Cups and trophies TEAM TALK
The European Cup
OLYMPIC THE MOMENT WHEN a team captain is was originally for the
champions of each
SOCCER presented with a trophy and holds it up country’s league. Now
to the fans is the crowning glory of any some lower placed
This patch is campaign. Cups and trophies are the teams compete. The
from the 1956 marks of success, and the managers of competition was first
Olympic Games. many modern teams know that, if they held in 1956. At the
The Olympics are to hold on to their job, their team 1985 final at the
featured has to win a competition. For clubs like Heysel Stadium in
demonstration Real Madrid in Spain, Benfica in Brussels, Belgium, 39
soccer games Portugal, and Bayern Munich in people died. A safety
from 1896. The Germany, finishing as runners-up is wall collapsed as fans
first official considered a failure. The desire to make money has of Juventus, Italy, and
Olympic Liverpool, England,
tournament led to the creation, in recent years, of many new fought each other.
was in 1908. competitions, some of which do not have the
same prestige as older tournaments such as Program for the
the European Cup and the Copa America. 1985 European
Cup final

The gold-
plated
Women’s
World Cup
trophy has
a soccer ball
at the top.

Holding the
trophy aloft is
a proud
moment.

Corner flags
used as
decoration

EARLY CUP FULL HOUSE
In the 1999 Women’s World Cup in the
This decorative, silver-plated US, teams played in front of capacity
trophy from the 1870s is an crowds. The final was held in the Rose
example of an early soccer cup. Bowl in Passadena, California. Here, US
After the FA Cup was started player Cindy Parlow rides a tackle in
in 1872, local tournaments for the final against China. The US won, to
small teams began to be set up secure its second World Cup victory.
all over England and Scotland
along the same lines. WOMEN’S WORLD CUP
The first Women’s World Cup took place
in China in 1991. The final was held in
Guangzhou, where the US beat Norway 2–1. The
tournament went from strength to strength and the
next two events, in 1995 and 1999, drew large crowds.
This is the trophy awarded to the US in 1999.

52

LITTLE TIN IDOLS

The first FA Cup,
on the left, was
known as the Little
Tin Idol. It was stolen
from a shop display
in 1895 and was
never recovered. The
present FA Cup, on
the right, was made
in Bradford, England,
in 1911.

FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH The silver
The African Nations Cup has been held every UEFA trophy
two years since 1957. It has grown from humble is decorated
beginnings, and as many as 16 teams now with a design
take part. Egyptian striker Hassan Hossam is of men
pictured here after his team’s 1998 triumph playing soccer.
over the defending champions, South Africa.
This was Egypt’s fourth African Nations title. Names of
previous
COPA AMERICA CUP winners
First held in 1910, the Copa America is engraved
the oldest major international competition. around
It was originally played only by South the base
American countries, but in recent years,
Mexico and the US have also taken SECOND BEST
part. Uruguay won the first official The UEFA (Union of European Football
Copa America in 1917 and, along Associations) Cup was originally known as
with Argentina, has been the most the Inter City Fairs Cup. The first competition
successful team over the years. was played over three years, beginning in
Brazil has not always played its 1955. Barcelona beat London 8–2 in the two-
strongest team. Since 1987, the legged final. When the European Cup
tournament has been held Winner’s Cup was abolished in 1999, only
every two years. two European team competitions remained.
The strongest sides qualify for the European
Cup, and the next best play in the UEFA Cup.

The Copa America was
conceived by Chile, Uruguay,
Brazil, and Argentina

53

Playing the game This game was
advanced for
Generations of children its time
have had their first contact with Points are lost
Two lead soccer, or“football,”through toys if a marble is
“kicking” such as blow soccer, card games, trapped here
figures from and Subbuteo. The popularity of
the early 20th soccer means that, as with other

century

merchandise, there is money to
be made from developing new products with
a soccer theme. This drives manufacturers
and inventors to come up with a vast range
of games based on soccer, far more than on Marbles
any other sport. The simplicity of the toys are fired
from the past, shown here, contrasts sharply up this
chute

with the speed and excitement of modern
computer games. Today, children and adults
can experience virtual soccer games and act
out the roles of their favorite players and teams
on play stations and in computer games.

Ball rolling
This handheld
toy was made
in the early
20th century. It
involves rolling
the ball-bearing
into one of the
small holes.

In the
trenches
Trench Soccer
was produced
for British
soldiers fighting
in World War I.
The player must move a ball
bearing safely past the German
generals to score.

Soccer matchbox Pinball
This is the world’s smallest soccer In this bagatelle game from
game, probably made in Japan in
the 1930s for small children. When the 1950s, players shoot
the matchbox is opened, a spring is marbles around the board
released, and the players leap up. using a spring in the bottom
right-hand corner. Points are
scored or lost according to

where the marbles stop.

52

Ball for the Downward
Kick game pressure on
Quick change one leg causes
These wooden blocks, with a the other leg
different picture on each side, to kick
can be mixed up to make a
character. The shin pads and The cards Kick figures
ball reflect the style of the time feature These figures come from a
when the toy was made—1895. different tabletop game called Kick,
positions and made in about 1900. A green
parts of the cloth field and goals with nets
are included. Players make
game the mechanical players kick
by pressing them down on
the table. They are moved Combination of
around by hand—a red and white is
feature also used in more a classic soccer
modern soccer toys. uniform

Snap! Key fits
This rare pack of early 20th- into the
century cards from an English
game of snap features soccer ball to
characters. In snap, players aim wind it
to collect all the cards. They turn
over cards until two identical ones up
turn up together. The first player
to shout “Snap!”takes the pile. wind-up player
This tin-plate wind-up
toy was made in Germany
in the early 1950s. When
wound up with a key, the
figure moves forward, as
if dribbling the ball. The
shirt, with its loosely laced
neck, is typical of the style
of soccer clothes worn in
Europe at that time.

Champions!
This game, called
Championship
Soccer, was made in
1983. It uses two of
the classic components
of many board games—
dice and cards—to govern
the movement of the
ball around the field.
A scoreboard and clock
are also included.

Memorabilia

Soccer appeals to all
parts of the community,
regardless of age or sex.
The game can therefore Bank Top
1910 silver Vesta be used to promote a White Star Scottish
(match holder) club,
advertising the wide range of items. Baines cards Welsh Hearts
mustard maker Soccer-related advertising national Chadderton, a
Colman’s These cards, produced team non-league team
in the late 19th
and early 20th
and product promotion century, were the
forerunners of Wednesday,
is not a new phenomenon. In fact, sticker albums now Sheffield
companies were already latching and other Wednesday
collectibles. They
on to the game’s popularity in the featured soccer and
rugby league teams
early part of the 20th century. An at professional and
understated style and original artwork
amateur level and
had advertisements
predominated until the 1950s. This on the reverse side.
has been largely replaced today by
mass-produced items, heavily reliant
on star players and wealthy clubs. Sports tin
By the 1930s, original
Covered stands are artwork on a sporting
rare in southern theme was often used
Europe as a decoration for
everyday household
items. This tin features
soccer on the lid and
other sports, including
cricket and hockey,
around the outside.

FIFA logo for Poster painting This label comes
Italia ’90 In this advertising card of from a fruity
the 1920s an Italian drinks soft drink. It was
Souvenirs Soccer fan company has illustrated its marketed as an
Mementos of the World This is a Spanish lady’s fan product in a soccer scene, ideal refreshment
Cup Finals do not stop from the mid-20th century, instead of putting a soccer for half-time
at programs and tickets. Printed in Barcelona, it has a image on the actual bottle. This label implies
There is great demand soccer image on one side and that the drink will
around the world for carries a promotional message Healthy kick promote the robust
anything tied to the on the reverse. Many commercial There is no magic strength that a
tournament, such as these objects of this period were ingredient in this soccerer enjoys
erasers from Italia ’90. designed to be artistic as drink, but the images
well as functional. would have appealed
to soccer fans. The
manufacturers knew
that any association
with soccer would

improve sales.

Class B17
locomotive

Banks Johnstone Jennings England Best
Petrol heads
Team train Name plate The kicking leg is The Cleveland Petrol company produced these
In the early 1980s, the Hornby toy company of Liverpool, the second-hand miniatures of British international
England, produced a series of these scale models of the players in 1971. The set was
London North Eastern Railway’s locomotives, named after given away free with
soccer clubs. This one is called the Manchester United. Real petrol sales.
trains are also sometimes named after clubs.

Pocket watch

Watch Alarm clock
Full time Chain
This group includes a Swiss pocket
watch made in Geneva around 1910,
a British watch from the 1950s, and
a more modern 1970s alarm clock.
Design, materials, and therefore cost
were dictated by whether the object
was aimed at children or adults.

Chain medals
Soccer items are often
turned into jewelry and other
personal effects. Four silver
medals, struck in the 1920s,
are attached to this chain.
The silver locket and
compass are from
the 1880s.

Locket

Olympic clock Compass
This German wooden clock may well have been made to Further
commemorate the 1936 Berlin Olympics, where the soccer medals could
tournament was won by Italy, when it beat Austria 2–1 in the be added to
final. The figures at the top of the clock move on the hour. the chain
The figure is
Soap on a rope String along the same on
The Avon company Made in the 1880s, this copper both halves
produced this soap string holder prevents string from
soccer to mark the getting tangled. The string is Chocolate
1966 World Cup pulled through a hole in the top. Melted chocolate would
Finals in England. have been poured into this
early 20th-century brass
mold and left to cool and
set, producing a miniature
chocolate player with a ball at
his feet. This item was made
to appeal mainly to children
and the general soccer theme
would have been enough to
make it popular.

55

The business of soccer Gullit, pictured here
in a preseason game,
SOCCER IS BIG BUSINESS – fans attend games in large occasionally played for the
teams he was managing
numbers, team products sell worldwide, and top as player-manager.
players and managers earn incredibly large salaries.
The people who started professionalism in the The emblem
1880s realized the financial possibilities of soccer, of the
but for many decades the game carried on at sponsoring
much the same level. It provided inexpensive local brewery
entertainment to the paying public and offered
a decent living to players and managers. All Even shinpads,
that has changed now, as club owners and worn under the
star players stretch soccer’s money-making socks, are marked
potential to the limit. with the name of
the manufacturer.
BILLY’S BRIBE MANAGEMENT
This shirt was worn by Welshman STRESS
Billy Meredith, the greatest player
of his era. As a player for Managers are
Manchester City, England, he was subjected to great
barred from playing for a year in stress in the modern
1905. He allegedly tried to bribe game and have to
the Aston Villa captain, offering
him £10 ($50) to lose an important accept that their
game. This was the first major every decision will
scandal of British soccer. be examined by the
media. In most of the
GETTING SHIRTY major leagues, the length
Replica shirts are a major source of of time allowed for a
income for professional teams like manager to produce a
England’s Manchester United and winning team can be
Spain’s Real Madrid. Three or four measured in months
designs are now available at one rather than years. In 1999,
time, and new ones are brought Ruud Gullit was forced
out at regular intervals. Clubs out of his job as manager
produce hundreds of different of England’s Newcastle
products – from calenders to baby United after just a few
clothes; from candy to bicycles.
These can be sold to fans all over unsuccessful months.
the world, reducing the team’s
reliance on gate receipts. SHIRT AD
In the 1970s, businesses
began to pay for the right to
advertise on team uniforms.
Within a few years, even
nonleague teams had some
income from this source.
Pictured here are players
from Real Madrid, Spain, and
Inter Milan, Italy, sporting
their sponsor’s logos.

58

Strikers, such as
Papin, fetch the
highest prices.

Papin’s shirt
advertises
a French
supermarket.

Foreign GROUND FORCE
players,
including Advertising in and
Di Matteo, around soccer fields
are in the was allowed long before
majority at shirt sponsorship. In the
Chelsea, 1950s, it featured mainly
England local firms, but now larger
multinational companies
exploit the exposure
provided by television
coverage. Some billboards
rotate, to catch the eye of
the watching public and
allow more advertisers to
use limited space. In some
competitions, such as the
European Champion’s
League, the same products
are advertised at every
game in the tournament.

MILLION- Patch World
showing Club
DOLLAR MAN AC Milan’s Cup
club logo
Jean-Pierre
Papin became the
first $15 million
player, when he
moved from Marseille, France,
to AC Milan, Italy, in 1992. Since
then, salaries have continued to
rocket, with Italian Christian
Vieri joining Inter Milan from
Lazio, Italy, for $45 million in
1999. Players today are eager
to move regularly because of
the signing fees they receive.
Teams often make record
signings, even when they
are heavily in debt.

Brand logos are MEDIA MOGULS
clearly visible
on boots. AC Milan is one of the
many teams with links to
big business. Italian media
mogul Silvio Berlusconi
bought the club at a time
when television coverage
of the game was
increasing. He was able to
maximize commercial
opportunities and attract
star players from abroad.

ALL ABROAD! WORLD CHAMPIONS

Political and legal changes have made it easy The World Club Cup is contested by the winners of the
for soccer players to move abroad and play for European Cup and the Copa America. The first
foreign clubs. European Union residents can now
play in any member state. Roberto di Matteo was competition was between Real Madrid, Spain, and
one of the first Italians to Penarol, Uruguay, in 1960. Originally a home-and-
transfer to an English club in
1996. Since then, a ruling has away fixture, won by the team with the highest
established that a club does aggregate score, it was changed in 1980 to one match
not have to pay for a player
whose contract has expired. only, played in Japan.

59

biological differences The science of soccer
For much of the first century
of soccer, women were For many years, soccer was not considered a subject of
marginalized on the grounds
that they were physically scientific investigation and coaches and players relied largely on
unsuited to the game. knowledge gained from experience. As technology has become
However, as the Brazilian more sophisticated, and the difference between winning and
player Milene Dominguez losing smaller, ways of using science to improve soccer have
shows here, women have all the been developed. Nutritionists have transformed players’
touch and skills of men, if not diets, physicists have studied how and
the sheer bulk and strength. why some players can bend the ball, and
German
players information technology has made
exercise their a statistical analysis of the
abductor game possible.
muscles, which
lift the leg isotonic nutrition
outward from Players can lose up to seven pints of
the body water during a game so it is imperative
that they rehydrate their bodies during
and after a game. Isotonic drinks,

which contain a small amount of
salts and sugars, are the most
effective for doing this. The drinks
also help replenish the player’s
stock of calories.
Players run
around poles
to test their
capacity to
change direction
at speed

With one foot
off the ground,
turning on the
run, players
develop their
sense of
balance

training muscles
Training was once little more than a few laps around the field, but today advances
in medical science have resulted in highly specialized regimes. Players warm up
and warm down to avoid muscle strain and do specific work on individual
muscles to help them cope with the range of moves needed during the game.

58

physical demands A microchip
The German national team was inside the ball
put through its paces before will determine
the 2006 World Cup, its levels whether the
of fitness monitored and recorded ball crossed
in training exercises like this. the line

a clever little chip
Did all of the ball cross all of the
line? It is a question referees, players,
and fans are always arguing over. The
insertion of a microchip into this foam-
stuffed ball, combined with field-side tracking
devices, may one day provide a definitive answer.

The muscles in a player’s Direction of attack
leg have to learn to switch Distance covered: 5478
rapidly from relaxed to prozone
contracted and back again New software—like Prozone—can track the precise movements of players in
a game, recreate passages of play in animated form, and provide incredibly
detailed statistics. This screen shows the movements of a central midfielder over
one half of a game. The dot in the center shows the player’s average position on the
field while the distance the player has run is calculated at over 3 miles (5 km).

flags that go bleep
Assistant referees are now equipped with
blip flags. If something has been missed,
especially incidents off the ball, the
assistant can alert the referee by pressing
a button on the flag’s handle. The referee’s
receiver, strapped to their arm, will

then vibrate or bleep.

Flags with blip buttons
like this were first
introduced in the
late 1990s

59

Did you know?

AMAZING FACTS

On average, each In the 1994 World Cup finals, Russia Pele scored 1,283 goals in his senior
player in a game failed to qualify for the later stages career.
has the ball for only three even though it scored more goals in Half of the world’s registered soccer
minutes, the time it takes the first stage of the competition than players are from
to boil an egg! any other team. Asia. Hide Nakata is
one of the first
In 1965, substitutes The referee for the 1930 World Cup Japanese players
final wore a shirt, tie, jacket, and to make a career
A three- were allowed for knickerbockers! outside his
country.
minute egg the first time, but only Johann Cruyff ’s mother was a cleaner
for the club Ajax in Holland. When Hide Nakata
when a player was injured. she persuaded them to give her 10-year- After Brazil had beaten Italy 4–1 in
old son a trial, they signed him as a youth the 1970 World Cup final, reporters
Substitutes featured in player. He went on to be an international pursued Pele into the locker rooms and
soccer star. interviewed him while he had a shower!
the World Cup for the first time in 1970. Uruguay, with a population of just
The goal net only became compulsory 3 million, is the smallest nation
Luis Chilavert, goalkeeper for Paraguay, in 1892. The crossbar was introduced to have won the World Cup.
rushed out of his goal and scored for in 1875. The first international soccer game
his team in a game against Argentina in played by a side with 12 players was
1998. The final score was 1–1. The first time teams used numbered in 1952, between France and Northern
shirts in an FA Cup final was in Ireland. One of the French players was
The first 1933. Everton wore numbers one to injured and substituted, but after treatment
person to eleven, and Manchester City wore he continued playing, and no one noticed
score from a numbers twelve to 22. until half time.
penalty in a World Two pairs of brothers, John and Mel
Cup final was Eight of the players who won the Charles and Len and Ivor Allchurch,
Johan Neeskens World Cup for Brazil in 1958 played in the Welsh team that beat Northern
for Holland were in the team that retained the Ireland 3–2 in 1955. John Charles scored a
in 1974. World Cup in 1962. hat-trick.

Only seven
different
countries have
been World Cup
champions,
although there
have been
18 finals.

The FA Cup
is the oldest
competition in soccer.
The highest scoring FA
Cup victory was on
October 15, 1887,
when Preston
North End

beat Hyde
United 26–0
in the first
round
of the
competition.
The score was
12–0 at half time
and 25–0 at 90
minutes. The final
goal was scored in
the five minutes of
extratime added by
the referee.

Tony Adams of
Arsenal with the

FA Cup

60

Questions and answers

QHow many women play QWhen were women banned QWhat has the
soccer in the US? from playing on the grounds phrase “back to
of FA clubs? square one” got to do
ASoccer is the most popular with soccer?
women’s sport in the US, AOn December 26, 1920,
with around eight million over 53,000 spectators AWhen the UK’s
players. USA Women won packed into Everton’s BBC first
the first World Cup in Goodison Park to watch Dick broadcast soccer live
1991 and won it again Kerr Ladies play St. Helens on the radio in 1927,
in 1999. It was Ladies. The FA, worried that the Radio Times
Olympic Champion in the women’s game was printed a diagram of
1996, and narrowly socially unacceptable, the field, divided into
lost by a golden goal banned women from numbered squares.
to Norway in the playing on FA club grounds When the ball was
Olympic final in 2000. in 1921. The ban was not passed back to the
lifted until 1970! goalkeeper, the
QWhy was the first commentators BBC radio
World Cup held in QWhich country was the first would say,“Back microphone
Uruguay? to be knocked out of a World to square one”.
Cup in a penalty shootout?
AUruguay, host nation of QWhen was the
the first World Cup in APenalty shootouts were first official women’s soccer game?
1930, offered to pay travel introduced into the World Cup ANetty Honeyball, secretary of the British
expenses for all the teams. finals in 1982 and in the semifinals Ladies Football Club, organized the first
West Germany knocked out France women’s soccer game in 1895.
QWere old soccer balls in a penalty shootout.
heavier than those used
today? QWho plays soccer
Mia Hamm in the Olympic
APeople make the mistake of Games?
thinking that old soccer balls were Record Breakers
heavier than those used today. They were AThe national
virtually the same weight, but today’s women’s soccer
balls have a special coating that stops the teams compete in the Olympics,
leather from absorbing moisture. Before this but for men it is the national
development soccer balls could absorb water Under-23 teams that take part. Brazil has won the World Cup five times, more
freely and on wet days the ball could double than any other country.
in weight, often making it as heavy as QWho was England’s first The oldest soccer club in the world is England’s
2 lb (1 kg). black professional Sheffield FC. Formed in 1857, the club has
player? always played nonleague soccer.
Lev Yashin (Russia) is the only goalkeeper
AArthur Wharton, originally
from the Gold Coast (now
Ghana), played for Preston North who has been chosen as European Footballer
End as an amateur in the 1880s. of the Year.
He then went on to play as a
professional for Rotherham In 1999, Manchester United became the
Town, Sheffield United, and first team to win the Triple of the Premier
Stockport County. He was also League, the FA Cup, and the European
a gifted sprinter and could run Champions League.
100 yards (91 m) in 10 seconds.
Real Madrid has won the European Champions
QWhy have there been League nine times,
three different FA Cup more than any other
trophies? team.

Leather soccer ball AThe first trophy was In 1957, Stanley
stolen while on display Matthews became
QWhen were floodlights first used? in a Birmingham sports shop the oldest player to
AThe first recorded use of window, after Aston Villa’s play for England
1895 victory, so a second when he won his
floodlights was at Bramall Lane, trophy, a replica of the first, 84th international
Sheffield, England, in 1878. The lamps was made. When Manchester cap at the age of 42.
were placed on wooden gantries and United won the FA Cup in He continued
were powered by dynamos. 1909, it made a copy of this playing Division
second trophy for one of its One soccer until he
directors. As a result, the FA was 50 years old.
withdrew this trophy and made Stanley Matthews
the third and current FA Cup collector’s card
trophy. Manufactured in 1911,
it bears no resemblance to the
original 1872 trophy.

61

Who’s who?

soccer is a game of speed and skill, and there are

many outstanding players. With international
competitions like the FIFA World Cup™, extensive
media coverage, and a transfer system that allows
players to sign for clubs in other countries, players from
all parts of the world can become household names.
Referees can also build up a considerable reputation
around the world. These pages contain some of the past
and present players who are among the world’s best.

Italian referee Pierluigi Collina

GOALKEEPERS DEFENDERS

• SEPP MAIER, WEST G ERMANY, • FRANCO BARESI, • FERNANDO RUIZ H IERRO,
B.2.28.44 ITALY, B.5.8.60 SPAIN , B.3.23.68

The pinnacle of Maier’s distinguished The best sweeper in A gifted central defender,
career was in 1974, when he won the the world for much Hierro’s surefooted
European Cup with Bayern Munich, of the 1980s and tackling helped Real
followed by the World Cup with West 1990s, Baresi would Madrid to win the
Germany. He played with Bayern bring the ball UEFA Champions
Munich for a total of 19 years. forward and join in League Finals in
attacks. He retired in both 1998 and
• PETER SH ILTO N , EN G L AN D, 2002.
B.9.18.49 1997, having
Franco Baresi played more • PAOLO MALDINI,
Renowned for his fitness and than 600 times ITALY, B.6.26.68
perfectionism, Shilton made his senior for club team
England debut when he was only 20 AC Milan An attacking
years old. Over the next 21 years he during his fullback and one
played for his country 125 times. of the best
20-year career. defenders in the
• PETER SCHMEICHEL, DENMARK, world, Maldini
B.11.18.63 • M ARCEL D ESAIL LY, FRAN CE, has captained Bobby Moore
B.9.7.68 AC Milan
Schmeichel moved to Manchester and Italy,
United in 1991, where he has won Born in Accra, Ghana, Desailly moved appearing for
five league titles and two FA to France when he was a child. In 1993 Italy more
Cups. In his trademark and 1994, he won the Champions Cup than 120
“star” save, twice, first with Marseille, and then times.
Schmeichel with AC Milan. Desailly played a vital
runs out, role for the French national team when
spreads his it won the 1998 World Cup and the
arms and legs European Championship in 2000.
wide, and jumps
toward • PAUL BREITNER, W EST • BOBBY MOORE, ENGLAND,
the striker. G ERMAN Y, B.9.5.51 B. 4.12.41

• D IN O ZO FF, ITALY, An adventurous, skilled left back A gifted defender and an excellent
B.2.28.42 at Bayern Munich, Breitner captain, Bobby Moore led England to
moved forward to midfield on victory in the 1966 World Cup. He played
Tall and determined, Zoff for England 108 times, only missing 10
was almost impossible transferring to Real Madrid. matches between 1962 and 1972.
to beat. He appeared He was relaxed and seemingly
112 times for Italy nerveless in big games. • OSCAR RUGGERI, ARGENTINA,
between 1968 and 1983 B.1.26.62
and captained Italy • R O BERTO C ARL O S DA SILVA, BRAZIL ,
when it won the World B.4.10.73 Ruggeri was the heart of the Argentine
Cup in 1982. With club defense in the 1980s, and a World
side Juventus he won A player of great skill, with a Cup-winner in Mexico in 1986. He
six Italian League titles reputation for taking ferocious free captained his national side and won
and the UEFA Cup. kicks, Roberto Carlos entered the a total of 89 caps.

Dino Zoff Brazilian national team after the 1994
World Cup. A runner-up in 1998, he
won the World Cup in 2002. He joined

Real Madrid in 1996, winning the
Spanish league in his first season
and the UEFA Champions League
Final in his second.

62

• L UIS FILIPE MADEIRA CAEIRO MIDFIELDERS • SOCRATES, BRAZIL,
FIG O , PO RTUG AL , B.114.72 B.2.19.54
• G HEORGHE H AGI, ROMANIA,
Figo was a European champion at under- B.2.5.65 A player with
16 level in 1989, and a World Youth Cup- tremendous balance
winner in 1991. He won the Portuguese Romania’s greatest-ever player, Hagi and poise, Socrates
Cup with Sporting Clube in 1995, and was a youth international at 15 and a made excellent passes,
moved to Barcelona, where he captained full international at 18 years of age. but also scored terrific
them to the Spanish league title in 1998, An outstanding midfield presence, he goals. He studied to be a
before moving on to play for Real Madrid. went on to play in Romania, Spain, doctor before becoming
Italy, and Turkey. a soccer player, and
• PAUL G ASCOIGNE, ENGLAND, returned to medicine
B.5.27.67 • FRAN K R IJK AARD, H O L L AN D, once his playing days
B.9.30.62 were over.
An extremely gifted player who
possessed excellent ball Rijkaard made his debut for Holland at • ZINÉDINE ZIDANE,
control and passing skills, the age of 19. A universally admired FRAN CE, B.6.23.72
Gascoigne’s career was and versatile player, he played midfield
hampered by injuries. for Milan but central defense An outstandingly skillful
He was an for Holland. He moved around
important member player, Zidane was voted
of England’s 1990 Europe, playing for clubs in Holland,
World Cup team. Portugal, Spain, and Italy. Young Player of the Year in

• ALAIN G IRESSE, FRANCE, • VITOR FERREIRA BARBOSA 1992. He scored two goals
B.9.2.52 (R IVAL DO ), BRAZIL ,B.19.4.74
in his national debut for
A skillful player with excellent A fast, attacking midfielder,
technique, Giresse was at the Rivaldo has skillful ball control France. He was FIFA’s Socrates
heart of the French midfield and excellent passing skills. A great World Player of the Year
at the World Cup finals creator of goals, he can shoot with
in 1982 and for the either foot, and is often successful with both in 1998 and in 2000.
1984 European unorthodox overhead shots. He was a
Championships. key player in the Brazilian national A creative and inspirational
squad in the 1990s and was awarded
Gheorghe Hagi FIFA World Player player who is composed and
of the Year in 1999.
confident on the field, he scored

two of his country’s three goals against Brazil

in the 1998 World Cup final in Paris, becoming

a French national hero.

FORWARDS

• R O BERTO BAG G IO , ITALY, B.2.18.67 • RAUL G ONZALEZ
BL AN CO , SPAIN ,
A gifted goalscorer, Baggio helped B.6.27.77

Juventus win the UEFA Cup in 1993 and

the league title in 1995. He was FIFA’s An extremely gifted

World Player of the Year and European player with a knack for

Footballer of the Year for 1993. being in the right

• G EORGE BEST, N ORTHERN place at the right

IRELAN D, B.5.22.46 time, Raul scores

stunning goals,

An amazingly gifted player, Best both with his head capable of cutting
through a team’s
had brilliant ball skills and excellent and his feet. defense. Between 1976
and 1986 he appeared
balance. He was European Footballer • RONALDO LUIS
95 times for West
of the Year in 1968. Many feel that N AZARIO , BRAZIL , B.9.22.76 Germany, scoring
45 goals.
he could have played at the highest
• CHRISTIAN
level for a longer time, had the Ronaldo scored his first goal for VIERI, ITALY,
B.7.12.73
success of his club side, Manchester Brazil when he was only 16 years
A fast, decisive
United, continued. of age. An exciting, inspirational striker, Vieri ended
his first season
• K ENNY DALGLISH, SCOTLAND, striker, his speed and skill enable with Madrid in 1998
as the Spanish
B.3.4.51 him to break through almost any league’s top scorer,
with 24 goals. He
defense. Ronaldo was FIFA’s scored five more for
Italy in the 1998 World
Dalglish was probably Scotland’s World Player of the Year in Cup finals.

greatest-ever player. His ball-control skills both 1996 and 1997. Thierry Henry

were excellent, and he was able • K ARL -H EIN Z

to slice through a defense with RUMMENIGGE,

his bold, accurate passes. W EST
G ERMANY,
• THIERRY H ENRY, FRANCE, George Best

B.8.17.77 B.9.25.55

A striker possessing terrific ball control, European Footballer of the

incredible pace, and clinical finishing, Year in 1980 and 1981,

Henry was top goalscorer for France when Rummenigge was a

it won the World Cup in 1998. formidable forward

63

Find out more

Remember the match There are many ways of getting more involved in the world of soccer.
Programs are full of
information about the teams An important start is to find a club you want to support, and follow its
that are playing, and are performance. If you like to play yourself, you can join a team and take part in
also a great keepsake of a local league. By visiting museums such as The National Soccer Hall of Fame,
an exciting event. for example, you will find out about managers, coaches, and scouts as well as
players, and will build up a picture of the world of soccer. The more you
learn, the more you will enjoy the soccer fever surrounding the
big competitions, such as the World Cup finals.

Bob Bishop was the Manchester United Useful websites
scout who discovered George Best,
Sammy McIlroy, and many others in • To find out about the Football Association: www.thefa.com
the 1960s and 1970s • For information on the World Cup: www.fifa.com
• F or playing tips and video masterclasses:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/skills
• Excited about soccer in the United States? Then visit the

home of Major League Soccer—be sure to check out the
youth programs: www.mlsnet.com
• F or US soccer scores, team information, photos, news,
and tickets: www.ussoccer.com
• W ant the latest scores plus up-to-the-minute headlines? Visit:
www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/front.htm
• For up-to-date soccer information:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport

Soccer scouts Support your team
All big clubs have scouts who travel around looking for new talent, Decide which team you want to support and start following its
whether it be established players that the club can "buy," or gifted results. If you can, go to some games and start your own collection
youth players. Outstanding young players will be asked to participate of programs. Watching the games and reading the programms
in a trial, and if they are successful, may be invited to join the club’s you will soon become an expert on your team’s players and
training academy. Here they will receive a general education as well as management.You will learn about soccer rules and will have your
intensive soccer training. If all goes well they will work up through the own ideas on tactics, and how the team should be run. If you get
youth and reserve teams to play in the club’s first-string team. a chance to go to an international game, you will meet soccer

supporters from other parts of the world.
Italian fans cheer
for their team

Join a team Places to visit
If you are eager to play the game, then join a school or
local youth-club team.You will quickly find out whether national soccer hall of fame and
you prefer defense, midfield, attack, or goalkeeping. Team museum, onfonta, new york
coaches will help you master many techniques, such as www.soccerhall.org
marking, tackling, dribbling, and passing. Regular Established in 1979, the National Soccer Hall
training and practice games will ensure you are in of Fame has housed an extensive archive of
good shape and have the stamina to play strongly memorabilia associated with soccer in the United
until the end of the game. States for almost 20 years. The star of the museum
is the Kicks Zone, a hands-on, feet-on interactive
Good close ball control is essential, area that lets kids and adults actually kick and
whether you play in an attacking head balls and play unique computer games
position or in defense as well. Test your skills and your strategy with
speed dribbles, a header cage, animated "Kick
It" games, power shots, the Wall, and three-on-
three challenges. Computer kiosks throughout the
museum let visitors test their knowledge of soccer
skills and trivia. Make sure to wear your sneakers!
The soccer hall of fame and museum,
vaughn, ontario, canada
(905) 264-9390
The museum displays many soccer treasures and a
wall of inductees to the hall of fame.
D.C. united major league soccer
rfk stadium
washington, d.c.
(202) 432-SEAT (7328)
You can watch pro soccer played by D.C. United,
or by any of the other major league teams in the
country. Along with D.C. United, the Eastern
Conference teams include the Chicago Fire,
Columbus Crew, Metrostars, and New England
Revolution; in the Western Conference, look
for the Colorado Rapids, Dallas Burn, Kansas
City Wizards, Los Angeles Galaxy, and San Jose
Earthquakes. Visit www.mlsnet.com to get the
schedule for your team.

In all FIFA competitions, a
Fair Play Trophy is awarded
to the team with the best
behavior

The 2006 fifa world cup™ FIFA fair play logo, introduced in 1993
In the summer of 2006 the FIFA World Cup finals took place in
Germany. Thirty-two teams competed in a total of 64 games,
which were played in twelve different cities around Germany, from
Hamburg in the north to Munich in the south. Qualifying games
to be among the teams in the finals took place around the world in
the two years before 2006. Hundreds of thousands of fans gathered
in Germany for the finals, and it was a proving ground for German
mass transit, accommodations, and police.

65

Glossary

African nations cup First won in A referee’s uniform Formation The arrangement of the players
1957. African national teams compete for the Dead ball kick A kick from non-open on the field. The coach or manager chooses
trophy every two years. play, such as a free kick or a corner kick. the formation, and may change it during a
Agent The person who acts on behalf of a Derby A derby“game”is a game between game in response to the strengths or
player in the arrangement of a transfer or two local rival teams. weaknesses of the opposition.
a new contract. Direct free kick Awarded if a player Giant killer A team that beats a side
Assistant referees Formerly known as kicks, trips, pushes, spits, or holds an believed to be of a much higher quality, and
linesmen, one covers each side of the field. opponent, or tackles the player rather than the from a higher division.
They signal offside, throw-ins, fouls, and ball. The person taking the free kick can shoot Gloves Worn by goalkeepers to protect their
substitutions. directly at the goal. hands and to help them grip the ball.
Book The referee books players when they Directors The people Goal kick Awarded when the ball goes
have committed an offense. He shows players who serve on a board to out of play over the goal line if it was last
a yellow card and writes their names in his help run a club. Some put touched by the attacking team.
black book. Players are sent off if they receive a lot of personal money Groundskeeper The people who look
two yellow cards in one game. into the club. after the stadium, the terraces, and the
Cap Originally a hat awarded to those playing Dribbling Running with soccer field.
an international game. Players count their the ball while keeping it Handball It is an offense to touch the ball
international appearances in caps. under close control. with your hands arms during play.
Coach Runs the training program, working European cup First Heading A defensive header sends the ball
closely with the manager. won in 1956, it is now upward, clearing it as far away as possible. An
Copa america cup First won in 1910. known as the Champions attacking header sends the ball downward,
North and South American national teams League. The top clubs from hopefully into the goal.
compete for the trophy every two years. the league of each European Indirect free kick Awarded for
Corner kick Awarded when one of the country compete for the dangerous play or for blocking an opponent.
defending team has put the ball out of play trophy every year. The player cannot score directly.
over the goal line. Fa cup First won in 1872. English league
Cross A pass made from either wing to a and non-league teams compete annually The white ball was introduced in 1951
forward at the center of the field. Kickoff The kicking of the ball from the
for the trophy. center point of the field to start the game.
Fifa Laws The 17 Laws of the Game approved
(fé d é r at i o n by FIFA.
in t e r n at i o n a l e Manager The person who picks the team,
plans tactics, motivates the players, and
d e fo o t b a l l decides what to do in training.
as s o c i at i o n s ) Marking Staying close to an opponent
Formed in 1904. The world to prevent him from passing, shooting, or
governing body of soccer, FIFA receiving the ball.
sets international rules, arbitrates Mascot A person, animal, or doll that
between countries, and runs the World Cup. is considered to bring good luck to a team.
Football association Formed in Mascots are also part of the increasing
1863. The governing body of English soccer commercialization of soccer.
arbitrates between clubs and disciplines players.

Using your chest to
control the ball

66

Offside When an attacking player Shin pads Pads worn inside socks to
receives a ball, two defenders including protect the lower legs.
the goalkeeper have to be between the Shooting A kick toward the goal.
attacking player and the goal. Players are Stands The areas where the supporters sit
only penalized for being offside if they or stand around the field.
interfere with play or gain some advantage Strip The shirt, shorts, and socks a team
by being in that position. wears. Most teams have at least two different
strips, a home uniform and an away uniform.
One-two An attacking player passes the A team uses its away uniform when there is a
ball to an advanced teammate and runs on conflict of colors.
into a space. The ball is immediately returned, Studs (or cleats) Small rounded
bypassing the defending player. projections screwed into the sole of a soccer

Penalty area A box that stretches shoe. The referee or assistant referee
18 yd (16.5 m) in front of and to either checks all studs before play
side of the goal. starts. Players use longer studs
on a wet, muddy field.
Penalty kick A shot at the goal World Cup medal
from the penalty spot. Awarded Superstitions
against a team that commits an Many players are deeply Uefa cup Originally known as the
offense in its own penalty area. superstitious. For example, they Inter City Fairs Cup. First won in 1958.
may insist on wearing the same Some of the best teams from each European
Penalty spot The spot 14 yd shirt number throughout their country’s national league compete for the
(13m) in front of the goal. career. Paul Ince would only trophy every year.
The ball is placed put his shirt on for a game Warm-up A routine of exercises to warm up
here to take a when running out of all the muscles before the start of a game.
penalty. A soccer the tunnel. Whistle Used by the referee at the
card Tackling Stopping an opponent beginning and end of a game and to stop play
who is in possession of the ball and when there is a foul.
Pfa (the removing the ball with your feet. Winger A striker who plays particularly on
professional Tactics Planned actions or one side of the field or the other.
footballers’ movements to achieve an advantage Women’s world cup First won in 1991.
association) The over your opponents. National women’s teams compete for the
trade union of soccer Terraces Steps where people stood trophy every four years.
professionals in England to watch a game before the advent of World cup First won in 1930. National
and Wales that protects all-seater stadiums. men’s teams compete for the trophy every
and promotes the interests Throw-in A way of restarting play when four years.
of players. the ball goes over the touchline. Awarded Yellow card The referee holds up a
to the opponent of the player who last yellow card to book a player.
Physiotherapist touched the ball.
The person who helps players recover from The Unites States Women’s soccer
injuries, and who checks players to make sure team, June 1998
that they are well enough for a game.

Field The field of play. In the early days the
boundaries of the field were marked by a
series of flags. The FA introduced the field
markings we know today in 1902.

Program Provides information for
the fans about the players of their team and
of the opposition, as well as a message from
the manager.

Rattle Supporters took rattles into games
until the 1960s, when they started to sing or
chant instead. Today, rattles are forbidden.

Red card The referee holds up a red card
to show that a player has to leave the field.
Serious foul play or two bookable offenses
results in a red card.

Referee The person who has authority for
that game to enforce the Laws of the Game.

Scarf Each team has a scarf in its own
colors. Fans often wear the scarf or their
team’s jersey when they go to games.

Scout A person employed by a team to look
for talented new players.

Set piece Moves practiced by a team to take
advantage of a dead-ball situation.

67





Index clothes: G M
football gear, 30-31
A goalkeeper’s, 20, 21 Garrincha, 35, 49 McCracken, William, 23
referee’s, 14, 15 Gascoigne, Paul, 25, 63 Mcllroy, Sammy, 64
AC Milan, 16, 59 clubs, 40-41 Germany, 41, 61, 65 Maier, Sepp, 62
Accrington Stanley, 24, 38 collecting, 42 gifts, 38 Maldini, Paolo, 62
Adams, Tony, 60 commercialism, 50, 58, 59 Giresse, Alain, 63 managers, 22, 58
advantage rule, 12 competitions, 10, 52 gloves, 20, 33 Manchester City, 60
advertising, 56, 58, 59 computer games, 54 goalkeeper, 13, 20, 21, 62 Manchester United, 13, 21, 34,
Africa, 11 Copa America, 52, 53 goal kicks, 12, 21 41, 61
African Nations Cup, 39, 43, Copa Libertadores, 41, 57 goal nets, 13, 60 Maracana Stadium, Rio de
53 Corinthians, 10, 28 goal posts, 12 Janeiro, 48
Ajax, 40 corner flags, 13 groundskeepers, 16, 17 Maradona, Diego, 35
amateurism, 10, 14 corner kicks, 12, 19 Gullit, Ruud, 58 Mardi Gras games, 8
American football, 27 crossbar, 60 Marseilles, 40
Argentina, 23, 41, 51, 53, 60 crosses, 19 H mascots, World Cup, 48, 50
assistant referees, 12, 13, 14, 15 crowd control, 45 match day, 44, 45
autograph books, 42 Cruyff, Johann, 34, 40, 60 Hagi, Gheorghe, 63 Matthews, Stanley, 36, 61
cups, 52, 53 Hamm, Mia, 61 Meazza, Giuseppe, 35
B hamstring injuries, 25 medals, 38, 57
D Harrow school, 8 medicine bags, 25
badges, 45, 48 hats, 33 medicine balls, 24
bagatelle, 54 Dalglish, Kenny, 63 heading, 18, 26 merchandise, 39, 42, 51, 54, 56,
Baggio, Roberto, 19 defenders, 18, 23, 62 Henry, Thierry, 31, 63 57, 58
ball control, 18 Desailly, Marcel, 62 Heysel Stadium disaster, 52 Meredith, Billy, 58
Banks, Gordon, 34 Di Matteo, Roberto, 59 Hierro, Fernando, 62 midfielders, 18, 22, 63
Barcelona, 41, 46 Di Stefano, Alfredo, 37, 41 Hillsborough disaster, 46 Milla, Roger, 34
Baresi, Franco, 62 doctors, 25 Holland, 22, 30, 40, 60 Moore, Bobby, 62
Batistuta, Gabriel, 19 Dominguez, Milene, 58 Home Internationals, 39 Muller, Gerd, 34, 41
Bayern Munich, 41, 52 double, League and Cup, 38 Honeyball, Netty, 40, 61 Munich air crash, 34, 41
Beckenbauer, Franz, 37, 41 drainage, 17 Hungary, 38
Beckham, David, 19 dribbling, 19, 26 Hyde United, 60 N
bells, 43
belts, 32 E I Nakata, Hide, 60
Benfica, 40, 52 narrowing the angle, 21
Berlusconi, Silvio, 59 Egypt, 11, 53 Independiente, 41 Neeskens, Johan, 60
Best, George, 63 England, 8, 10, 41 injuries, 23, 24, 25 Newcastle United, 30
Bicycle kick, 19 entertainment, international, first, 10 Northern Ireland, 60
Bierhoff, Oliver, 18 pre-match, 44 Ireland, 20 Norway, 23
Bishop, Bob, 64 European Cup, 40, 41, Italy, 8, 24, 40 Nou Camp stadium,
bladders, 26, 27 52, 53 Barcelona, 46
bookings, 15 Eusebio, 35 J
books, 9, 15 Everton, 60, 61 o
bootlaces, 29 exhibition matches, 10 Jack Kent Cooke Stadium, 51
boots, 28, 29 James, Alex, 31, 38 offside rule, 12, 13, 23
Brazil, 43, 46, 49, 50, 53, 60, F Japan, 9 offside trap, 23
61 jerseys, 30 Olympic Games, 52, 57, 61
Breitner, Paul, 62 FA Cup, 10, 13, 44, 60 Juventus, 40 Orkney Isles, 27
Bribery, 58 trophy, 53, 61 Overmars, Marc, 30
British Ladies Club, 11, 40 face painting, 43 K
business, 58, 59 fans, see supporters P
field, 13, 16, 17 Kelly, Alan, 20
c artificial, 17 kemari, 9 pallone, 27
FIFA, 11, 14, 15, 23, 48, 50 Kempes, Mario, 51 Papin, Jean-Pierre, 16, 59
calcio, 8, 27 Figo, Luis, 63 Kick game, 55 passing, 18
caps, 38 Finney, Tom, 39 kickoff, 12, 13 Pele, 37, 48, 49, 60
card games, 55 fitness, 24 Kinnaird, Lord, 10 penalties, 12, 13
Carey, John, 39 floodlights, 46, 61 Kirke Smith, Arnold, 10 pencil cases, 42
Carlos, Roberto, 62 Football Association, 10, 64 Kopa, Raymond, 36 physiotherapists, 24, 25
Chapman, Herbert, 22 badges, 45 piggy banks, 42
Charlton, Bobby, 34 Football League, 10, 64 L plaques, 38
Chilavert, Luis, 60 foreign players, 59, 62 Platini, Michel, 37
Chile, 50 fouls, 12, 13 Laws, 12-13, 20, 30 players, 34, 37
China, 8 France, 11, 18, 22, 40, 47, 51, Leonidas, 19 police, 45
clocks, 57 60, 61 Lofthouse, Nat, 13 Portugal, 40
free kicks, 12 Pozzo,Vittorio, 24
Fry, C. B., 10, 43 Preston North End, 38, 60

70

private schools, 8, 10, 28, 39 shin pads, 32, 33, 58 Three Lions motif, 10, 45 wing-backs, 22
professional fouls, 12 shirts, 20, 30 throwing out, 21 wingers, 22
professionalism, 10, 14, 18, 58 goalkeepers’, 20 Thuram, Lilian, 18 women’s soccer, 11, 40, 61
programs, 44, 49, 52, 64 shooting, 19 tickets, 44 clothing, 31, 33
punching the ball, 20 shorts, 31 total soccer, 22 Women’s World Cup, 11, 52,
Puskas, Ferenc, 37, 41 shouting, 18, 21 tournaments, 52, 53 61
signing fees, 59 toys, 54, 55, 57 trophy, 52
R skills, 18, 19 trainers, 39 World Club Cup, 59
soccer cards, 56 training, 18, 20, 24 World Cup, 40, 48, 51, 56, 60,
rattles, 43 soccer ball pumps, 27 Trench Soccer game, 54 62, 64, 65
Raul, 63 soccer ball repair kit, 27 trophies, 52, 53 balls, 26
Ravelli, Thomas, 38 soccer balls, 26, 27, 61 World Cup, 49, 50 draw, 51
Real Madrid, 41, 52, 59, 61 socks, 31 tunnel, 46 first, 11, 48 47
red and yellow cards, 14 Socrates, 63 medals, 38, 39
referees, 14, 15 souvenirs, 56 u opening ceremony, 44
Rijkaard, Frank, 63 sponges, 24 referees, 15
Rimet, Jules, 40, 49 sponsorship, 58, 59 UEFA Cup, 53, 57 staging of, 48, 51
Rivaldo, 63 Stade de France, st Denis, 47 umpires, 14 trophies, 49, 51
Ronaldinho, 17, 27 stadiums, 17, 46, 47 Uruguay, 48, 53, 60, 61 winners, 48
Ronaldo, 63 advertising in, 59 USA, 11, 45, 51, 52, 61 World Cup Willie, 50
Rooney, Wayne, 16 stands, 17, 47 World Wars, 54, 39, 43
Rose Bowl, 52 street soccer, 9, 16, 27 V
Ruggeri, Oscar, 62 stretchers, 24 Y
rules, see Laws Strikers, 18, 63 Van Basten, Marco, 36
Rummenigge, Karl-Heinz, 63 studs, 29 Vieri, Christian, 63 Yashin, Lev, 36, 61
Russia, 60 Suarez, Luis, 36
substitutions, 13, 14, 23, 25, 60 w z
s supporters, 42, 43, 44, 58
sweeper system, 22 warm-up, 24 Zagalo, Mario, 49
San Siro stadium, Milan, 17 watches, 15, 57 Zidane, Zinédine, 18, 49, 63
Schmeichel, Peter, 21, 62 t Wembley Stadium, 46 Zoff, Dino, 62
Scotland, 10 Wharton, Arthur, 61
scouts, 64 tackling, 18 whistle, referee’s, 14
set pieces, 23 tactics, 22, 23 Widdowson, Samuel, 32
Shilton, Peter, 62 team formations, 22 wind-up toys, 55
terraces, 47

Acknowledgments

Dorling Kindersley would like to thank Associated Press AP: Alastair Grant 65tr. ProZone Sports Ltd: 59cr.
Hugh Hornby, Rob Pratten, Lynsey Jones, Bryan Horsnell: 42cl, 42cfl, 42cnl. Rex Features: NWI 56bl.
and Mark Bushell at The National Football Colorsport: 11tr, 19r, 21br, 27tr, 28tr, 32bl, Sporting Pictures (uk) Ltd: 2cr, 22cl, 23tl,
Museum for their help and patience; 39tr, 44–5b, 57tr, 62tl; Jerome Provost 39bc; 23tr, 36bl.
Stewart J. Wild for proofreading; Hilary Olympia 34br, 35tr.
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Sunita Gahir, David Goldblatt, Susan St. Winkler 59tr. cla; DK Images: Football Museum, Preston tl
Louis, Lisa Stock, and Bulent Yusuf for the Empics Ltd: 32tnr; Don Morley 35tr; (Lord Kinnaird), tl (Chinese characters);
clip art; Neville Graham, Sue Nicholson, Michael Steele 41bl, 41br; Neale Simpson Getty Images: © 1974 FIFA™ / David Leah /
& Susan St. Louis for the wall chart; & 38cl; Peter Robinson 34tc, 47l, 57br; Topham Mexsport crb; Time & Life Pictures ca (Pele)
Margaret Parrish for Americanization. Picturepoint 34bc, 35tl; Witters 32tr;
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reproduce their photographs: FIFA: 62cb; 62br. Images: Football Museum, Preston bl, br, c,
Getty Images: 60ca, 60cr, 61tr; Shaun cl, cr, cla, tl, tr.
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Forster 56bl, 56cra, 61br; Stuart Franklin/ For further information see:
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Morley 16br; Hulton Getty 34bl; Jed Hulton Getty: 33cr, 33bl, 34tl.
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71