Faces 2020-05-06

Toucan Do It

by Nic McDougal

Find all 14 frogs.

Answers on page 48

May/June 2020 Volume 36 Number 08 cricketmedia.com $6.95

People, Places,
and Cultures

BrazilCelebrate

People, Places, and Cultures EDITOR Elizabeth Crooker
ART DIRECTOR Nicole Welch
MAY/JUNE 2020 Erin Hookana
DESIGNER James M. O’Connor
MYSTERY PHOTO VP OF EDITORIAL & CONTENT Suzanne Fox
Christine Voboril
Do you know what this is? COPY EDITOR Emily Cambias
PERMISSIONS SPECIALIST Stacey Lane Smith
See page 48 for the answer. Colin Draun
ASSISTANT EDITOR
About the Cover ASSISTANT EDITOR
WISECRACKS AND WITTICISMS
Carnival is the biggest celebration in
Brazil. BOARD OF ADVISORS
imageBroker/Alamy Stock Photo
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY,
CO-COORDINATOR TEXAS ALLIANCE FOR
GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY

Sarah Witham Bednarz

DIRECTOR (RETIRED), CURRICULUM FRAMEWORKS
AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES OFFICE,
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Diane L. Brooks Ed.D.

FLORENTINE FILMS
Ken Burns

PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION,
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
Maryann Manning

DIRECTOR, INDIANA UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL
RESOURCE CENTER
Shawn Reynolds

OUTREACH COORDINATOR (RETIRED),
HARVARD’S CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES

Carol Johnson Shedd

PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION REFORM,
21ST CENTURY CHAIR IN TEACHER QUALITY,

UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS
Sandra Stotsky

DIRECTOR, AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER OUTREACH
PROGRAM AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Barbara Brown

CO-COORDINATOR, ARIZONA GEOGRAPHIC ALLIANCE,
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
Gale Ekiss

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FEATURES Pg 12 Pg 22
Pg 38
8 Welcome to Brazil Pg 32
by Marcia Amidon Lusted
Pg 42
12 A Tasty Melting Pot Check out our
by Grace Tondino-Gonguet online teacher’s guides at

16 Iguazu Falls WWW.CRICKETMEDIA.COM/
by Gail Skroback Hennessey TEACHER-RESOURCES/

18 Pelé’s Beautiful Game
by Rachel Kehoe

22 Carnival The Biggest
Brazilian Celebration
by Katia Barber

26 Amazon in Peril
by Christine Graf

32 Outstretched Arms
Christ the Redeemer
by Marcia Amidon Lusted

42 The Dancing Turtle
by Pat Betteley

DEPARTMENTS

2 High 5
4 At A Glance
6 Critter Corner
21 Where in the World?
34 Dear Kylie
37 Brazil Crossword
38 A Closer Look
46 Art Connection
48 Say What?
49 One Last Face

Pg 26

HIGH FIVE

%5$=,/ ,6 +20( 72 7+( %,**(67
3$57< $1' 7+( %,**(67 5$,1 )25(67
21 ($57+ It’s also the largest country
in South America. Here are five big facts
to expand your knowledge.

1bBrazil is the only Portuguese-speaking country
LQ ERWK 1RUWK DQG 6RXWK $PHULFD 7KH ğUVW
Portuguese colony was established there
LQ $ERXW RI %UD]LOLDQV XVH LW DV D ğUVW
language, but more than 160 indigenous languages
are also spoken.

2bIn Brazilian restaurants, passadors (waiters) go
around the tables like matadors with meter-
long swords and grilled beef, pork, sausages,
and chicken hearts seasoned with sea salt and herbs.
They serve thin slices of meat continuously until
GLQHUV ŃVXUUHQGHUń E\ UDLVLQJ D ZKLWH ĠDJ RQ WKH WDEOH

3bDuring the last 40 years, more than 18% of the
Brazilian Amazon has been destroyed. Experts
predict that if the current rate of deforestation
continues, 55% of the Amazon could be gone by
the year 2030. Pressure from other governments is
important in stopping the destruction of the rain
forests.

4bPelé is Brazil’s most famous soccer star. Born
in 1940, he won three World Cups and scored
more goals for Brazil’s national team than
any other player in history. When he was growing up,
his family could not afford soccer equipment, so he
played with a sock stuffed with rags. The goalposts
were a pair of old shoes.

5bIguazu Falls is made up of 275 separate
waterfalls. It’s the world’s sixth largest
waterfall. The amount of water that falls
DW ,JXD]X HYHU\ VHFRQG FRXOG ğOO ğYH 2O\PSLF
swimming pools.

2

Tahnedyb’vaeckgodnodwonlaapgeaaink!

A cable car journeys to the
top of Sugarloaf Mountain
in Rio de Janeiro.

3

AT A GLANCE

illustrated by Sophie Kittredge

4

OFFICIAL NAME: Federative Republic of Brazil
LOCATION: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic
Ocean to the east. Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname,
and French Guiana are to the north. To the west lies Peru;
to the south, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay.
AREA: 3.3 million square miles
POPULATION: 2.1 million (2020 estimate)
GOVERNMENT: federal republic
CAPITAL: Brasilia
CLIMATE: mostly tropical, but temperate in south
TERRAIN: PRVWO\ ĠDW WR UROOLQJ ORZODQGV LQ QRUWK VRPH
plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
HIGHEST POINT: Pico da Neblina, 9,888 feet (3,014 meters)
NATIONAL LANGUAGE: Portuguese
NATIONAL DAY: September 7
MAIN RELIGIONS: Roman Catholic, 64.6%; Protestant,
22.2%; other, 11.2%; none 2%
CURRENCY: Brazilian real

5

CRITTER CORNER Are you
toucan
Theisasilsoynoa’ktssa.its to me?

A toucan’s long beak
helps it reach fruit
high up in branches.

TOCO TOUCAN

by Pat Betteley

T he popular toco toucan is one of the largest, best-known
species of toucans in the world. What makes the toco
toucan so well-liked? It has a colorful beak that is almost
half the size of its body. The 8-inch-long beak is a deep
orange with a large black spot near the tip. It is made of lightweight
keratin, the same protein that makes up fingernails and animal
horns. The “loud and proud” beak stands out against the black
feathers that cover most of the bird’s body. Each round eye is
bordered with a ring of blue skin, which is bordered by orange skin.

6

Toucans take care of Toco Tidbits
their baby chicks for
WKH ğUVW VL[ ZHHNV RI ,Q 6RXWK $PHULFD WKHUH DUH
their lives. PDQ\ VXSHUVWLWLRQV DERXW
WRXFDQV 6RPH UHOLJLRQV IRUELG
Toco Loco? Survival Specialists WKH IDWKHU RI D QHZERUQ FKLOG
WR HDW D WRXFDQ RU KLV EDE\
The toco toucan’s behavior seems Toco toucans seem to be ZLOO EH FXUVHG DQG IDGH DZD\
a bit over the top, at times. The surviving quite well due to 1DWLYH SHRSOH FDUYH WKH ELUGłV
birds make a crazy amount of many special adaptations. OLNHQHVVHV RQWR WRWHP SROHV
noise that can be heard for a half • They live in packs for defense 7KH\ EHOLHYH WKH ELUG LV DQ HYLO
mile. Sounding like a grunt or and protect each other by VSLULW WKDW FRQQHFWV WKH OLYLQJ
snort, their calls resemble a frog’s making loud chorus calls. DQG VSLULW ZRUOGV
croak. These social birds spend • Their bright beaks camouflage :KHWKHU LQ WKH UDLQIRUHVW LQ
much of their time in pairs or them in the tropical forest. WKH ]RR RU RQ \RXU )UXLW
flocks of about six members, Predators think they are flowers /RRSV FHUHDO ER[ DW EUHDNIDVW
cleaning each others’ bodies or fruit. WRFR WRXFDQV DUH VWDUV -XVW
with their beaks. They “hop,” LPDJLQH WKHLU IXWXUH RQ WKH
more than fly, flapping their FAST %URDGZD\ VWDJH Beauty and
wings wildly and gliding for FACTS the Beak DQ\RQH"
short distances.
»SCIENTIFIC NAME: • Toco toucans can regulate
Toucans breed once a year in the flow of blood to their
the spring. Their courtship is Ramphastos toco beaks, allowing them to cool
playful, starting with a lively their bodies.
beak wrestling match, followed »DIET: omnivore— • Their beaks are useful for
by a game of “toss the fruit.” picking fruit, allowing them to
The parents take turns sitting on ğJV RUDQJHV LQVHFWV reach fruit on branches that are
two to four eggs in nests found in HJJV DQG EDE\ ELUGV too weak to hold their weight.
tree cavities abandoned by Beaks are also just right for
woodpeckers. Toucan chicks are »AVERAGE LIFE SPAN scooping up water and have
blind, naked, and have serious serrated (jagged) edges for
underbites. Their parents spend a IN THE WILD: 20-26 peeling fruit.
lot of time tending to the chicks \HDUV • They have long, flat, leather-like
for the first six weeks, before the tongues that are the same length
young birds leave their nest. »SIZE: ERG\Ō IHHW as their bills to help them catch
insects, frogs, and reptiles.
EHDNŌ LQFKHV
• ey have strong feet. Two scaly
»WEIGHT: SRXQGV toes point forward and two toes
» DISTRIBUTION: point backward, giving toucans
the ability to grasp branches.
6RXWK $PHULFDŌ
%UD]LO 9HQH]XHOD DQG • They can adapt to manmade
$UJHQWLQD habitats when rain forests are
destroyed. Toucans are the center
»HABITAT: FDQRS\ RI of attention at many zoos.

WURSLFDO UDLQIRUHVWV Although a species of least
concern to conservationists, the
»PREDATORS: MDJXDUV overall numbers of toco toucans
are declining because they are
VQDNHV DQG HDJOHV hunted for food and for the pet
trade. People like their bright
colors and intelligence.

7

Welcome to

Brazil’s landscape
includes lush
jungles, the Amazon
Basin, rolling hills,
and sandy beaches. 8

o Favelas are low-income f you were asked to
neighborhoods found name the five largest
within and on the out-
skirts of Rio de Janeiro. Icountries in the world,

BrazilbyMarciaAmidonLusted would you be surprised to
discover that Brazil is one of
them? Only Russia, Canada,
China, and the United States
are bigger. Brazil, officially
known as the Federative
Republic of Brazil, or the
República Federativa do
Brasil in Portuguese, is the
eighth-largest economy in
the world, and it is home to
almost 212 million people. It
is also the only Portuguese-
speaking country in both
North and South America.
Most importantly, Brazil
is one of the most diverse
and fascinating countries
in the world.

Brazil is the largest country in
South America and has 4,600
miles of coastline on the Atlantic
Ocean. Its almost 10,000 miles of
inland borders are shared with
every country in South American
except Chile and Ecuador. Brazil’s
geography features tropical and
subtropical areas that include
wetlands, savannas, plateaus,
low mountains, and clusters of
ocean islands. It also contains
most of the Amazon River basin

9

%UD]LOLDQ FXLVLQH LV D PL[ RI 6RXWK $PHULFDQ (XURSHDQ $IULFDQ DQG $VLDQ ĠDYRUV

An elder prepares British North America. Many city of Brasilia, which was
for a hunting trip. Brazilians have African heritage. planned and built to be the
Slavery lasted for 300 years in capital city, much as Washington,
and its rain forests. The only Brazil until it was officially D.C., was in the United States.
environments that Brazil does not abolished in 1888. It was the Brazil has a democratic federal
have are deserts, high mountains, last country in the world to republic form of government, led
and arctic regions. outlaw slavery. by President Jair Bolsonaro and a
National Congress that consists
Brazil’s history includes Later in the 19th century, of the Federal Senate and the
colonization and conflict. The immigrants also came to Brazil Chamber of Deputies.
first Portuguese colony was from other European and Asian
established there in 1516, and at countries, including Japan, Brazil’s mixture of geographical
first, the Brazilian natives were Poland, Spain, Italy, and environments gives it a huge
forced to work for the Portuguese Germany. In 1822, Brazil gained variety of plant and animal
colonists. Later, enslaved Africans its independence from Portugal, life, the greatest variety of any
were brought to Brazil to work in but unlike many former colonies, country. Six hundred mammal
the sugar plantations. Many it stayed intact as one large species, 1,500 fish species, 1,600
years before the slave trade in country instead of breaking into bird species, and 100,000 different
North American began, more many smaller countries. Brazil types of insects are found there.
African slaves—about four now has 26 states and one federal Most of them live in Brazil’s
million—had been brought to district, and its capital is in the jungles. But in the Pantanal, a
Brazil than would ever reach flat, swampy region in the central
The Brazilian western part of the country, there
10 real has been the are flooded lagoons and small
RIğFLDO FXUUHQF\ islands that have created the
VLQFH world’s largest wetland. Here live
animals like the giant anaconda
snake, a relative of the guinea
pig called the capybara, and
fierce alligators called caimans.
The Amazon Basin is home to
animals like tree frogs, monkeys,

a huge number of birds, Drummers
prepare for a
and manatees, piranhas, and performance.

pink dolphins that live in the But Brazil is also a place where
people enjoy holidays like the
river. It also has the largest huge Carnival that takes place
during Lent, particularly along
freshwater turtle in the world, the southern coast between Rio
de Janeiro and Recife. Brazilians
the yellow-headed sideneck, are also the world’s biggest soccer
fans (or football, as they call it),
which usually weighs 150 Two Brazilians and the country has produced
pounds. However, many of enjoy a day out. some of the greatest soccer
players, including Edson Arantes
the animals and plants that do Nascimento, better known as
Pelé. They have also won the
once lived in Brazil are now World Cup in soccer more than
any other country.
endangered or extinct because Should you be
of the destruction of the rain wearing that? Brazil’s amazing geography,
forests and land development its diverse population created
by centuries of cultures mixing,
for building and agriculture. and its rich, if fragile, natural
resources, make it a country
Because Brazil has many different that’s destined to keep adding
to its records of being the world’s
climates, its farmers can grow biggest and best in many
different categories. With so
many types of crops, including much to explore, it’s easy to say
“Bem vindo ao Brasil”… Welcome
sugarcane, latex, coffee, cocoa to Brazil!

beans, cotton, soybeans, rice, 11

and tropical fruits. The anaconda is
Most Brazilians live in the one of the longest
and heaviest
southeastern part of the country, snake species in
within 200 miles of the ocean. The the world.

southeast is also the part of Brazil about 17 million people live in

that is richest in natural resources and around it. Because of this, Sao

and industries. About 80% of Paulo is considered a megacity, or

Brazil’s population lives in urban a giant urban area that includes

areas, especially near the city of surrounding cities and suburbs.

Sao Paulo. This city is the largest Brazil’s second largest city is Rio

urban area in South America, and de Janeiro, with 11 million people.

Carnival begins on
the Friday before
Ash Wednesday
and ends at
mid-day on Ash
Wednesday.

MA Tasty

Feijoada completa is
Brazil’s national dish.

elting

Pot
by Grace Todino-Gonguet

razilian food is a flavorful blend of tastes and

Bcultures that reflects the history of the country.
Take feijoada completa (fay-jo-A-da kom-PLE-ta),
the “national dish.” It is a rich stew of beans and
leftover meats eaten with rice, collard greens, farofa (a
crumblike condiment unique to Brazil), and orange slices.
Brazilians drink caipirinha (kai-pi-RIN-ya), an icy slush of lime
juice, syrup, and sugarcane alcohol, before the meal. For
dessert, there is Romeu e Julieta, made of soft cheese and
guava (a tropical fruit) paste. What countries influenced this
traditional meal?

13

A family enjoys
mealtime.

Native South Americans Enslaved West Africans

inhabited Brazil for thousands of brought in to work the

years before the Portuguese plantations spiced up the

came. They lived mainly on fish local fare with coconut milk,

and the bounty of the forest— dendê (palm) oil, okra, and

root vegetables, herbs, greens, peppercorns. It is said that the

fruits, and nuts. Manioc, a staple Guaraná is found in West Africans created feijoada
food, is the source of farofa, many energy drinks. to make use of meat scraps—

which is as common as salt and including tongue and pigs’

pepper on the Brazilian table. ears, noses, and tails—from

One legendary Amazonian dish the slave owners’ tables.

is pato no tucupí, duck with a Acarajé (a-ka-ra-JE), fritters of

tongue-numbing herb sauce. black-eyed peas filled with

Many energy drinks contain dried shrimp, are typical of

guaraná, a rain forest berry. Farofa is a crumb-like Afro-Brazilian soul food.
Brazilians adore the freshly condiment popular in Brazil. Around the 17th century,

squeezed juice of tropical fruits such as papaya, cowboys from the south started roasting pieces of

mango, pineapple, and tamarind. beef (after the more valuable hide was removed)

The Portuguese colonizers imposed not only in a hole in the ground, seasoning it with ashes

their language and religion, but also their food. from the fire. This gave rise to the popular Brazilian

Bacalhau (dried salted cod, pronounced ba-kal- churrasco (barbecue). In the 1960s, truckers from

YAW), linguiça (sausage, pronounced ling-GWI- the south spread the rodizio (ro-di-ZI-yo), in which

sa), savory pastries, and desserts like fresh cheese several grilled meats are served at the table, to the

with marmalade enriched the native diet. whole country. In a modern restaurant, passadors

14

Brazilian coffee is
VZHHW DQG VWURQJ

Brazilian barbecue was Unlike the casual
born out of 17th century image that Brazilians
cowboys roasting meat
RYHU DQ RSHQ ğUH

project, their table

(waiters) go around the tables like manners are more

matadors with meter-long swords formal. Children

of grilled beef, pork, sausages, and Enough! A customer learn the do’s and
chicken hearts seasoned with sea salt lets her server know don’ts quite early
and herbs. They serve thin slices of meat VKH KDV HQRXJK as they often eat

continuously until diners “surrender” by raising out with the family. Brazilians always wash their

a white flag on the table. Side dishes include rice, hands before eating and rarely touch food with their

black beans, fried bananas, greens, French fries, hands. They use a knife and fork, even when eating

onion rings, and farofa. pizza or sandwiches. The fork is held in the left hand

Italians brought pasta, pizza, and the after- and the knife on the right at all times, as they do in

dinner cafezinho (espresso coffee, pronounced Europe. Finger foods are picked up with a napkin.

ka-fe-ZIN-yo). Germans fleeing the end of World Fruit is often served whole in a dish. Brazilians stab

War II introduced sausages and dairy products. the fork deep into the core of the fruit and cut out

Arab immigrants brought along their snacks and pieces with the knife. Brazilians always use a glass

sweets. Japanese and other Asians further added and do not drink from bottles or cans.

to the local menu. Adults do not eat or drink on the go and will

Although Brazilian cuisine varies by region, not have coffee or drinks in their cars. Brazilians

eating habits generally follow the European style. of all ages enjoy stopping at a juice bar or food

Breakfast is often simple—coffee with milk, bread stand, where they sit or stand around until the

and jam, sometimes a slice of ham or cheese, and food is finished before going on their way. But

fresh fruit. Lunch is a long, leisurely, sit-down affair whatever time of day or part of the country,

with rice, beans, salad, and meat or seafood. Office nothing beats a very strong, very sweet

workers go to lanchonetes (snack bars, pronounced cafezinho with family and friends.

lan-cho-NE-tes) and buffet-style por-kilo restaurants. Bom apetite!

Here, as the name suggests, food is paid for

according to its weight. With such a heavy lunch, Grace Todino-Gonguet spends her summers in Portugal.

dinner is served quite late and is usually a light Her work includes an illustrated anthology of Omani folktales

meal of soup, bread, and dessert. for children.

15

The border between Brazil
and Argentina runs through
a portion of the falls called
Devil’s Throat.

Iguazu
Falls

by Gail Skroback Hennessey
16

Iguazu Falls is one of Brazil’s amazing natural wonders.
The sixth largest waterfall in the world, it consists of 275
separate waterfalls. Iguazu Falls was named one of the
New Seven Wonders of Nature in 2011.

Iguazu (ee-gwuh-soo) means “great waters” or “big water”
in the Tupi-Guarani language of the indigenous people of the
region. The falls were created by volcanic activity. Cooling lava
created stone called basalt. Earthquakes later caused cracks
(faults) in the basalt, creating the waterfalls where the Iguazu
River flows.

However, a popular legend tells a different story about how
the waterfalls were created. Naipi, the beautiful daughter of the
chief of the Guarani people, was to be sacrificed to the serpent
giant god Mboi, who lived by the Iguazu River. When Taruba, a
young man who was in love with Naipi, heard what was about
to happen, he and Naipi escaped the village by canoe. Mboi
was very angry and chased the two down the river. Mboi caused
the earth to break, creating the waterfalls. Sadly, Naipi and
Taruba drowned. It is said that Mboi turned the body of Taruba
into the rocks that would forever be hit by the falls. Naipi
became a palm tree near the water.

In 1541, Spaniard Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca became the
first non-native to come upon the waterfalls. He called the falls
“Santa Maria Falls.” That name lasted only a couple of years
before “Iguazu Falls” became widely used.

Iguazu Falls is twice as wide and double the height of famed
Niagara Falls, which borders New York state and the country
of Canada. Many people come to visit the beautiful waterfalls
each year. When First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a visitor, she
lamented, “Poor Niagara.”

The area around Iguazu Falls is abundant with wildlife. The
great dusky swifts nest behind the falls and frequently fly over
the waterfalls. The beautiful toco toucan and the chestnut-eared
aracari are two of the many other species of birds that call the
area home. You may think of Australia as the only place where
marsupials (mammals that carry their young in a pouch) can be
found in the wild. However, the opossum lives in the rain forests
near the falls. There are about 2,000 plant species in the area and
lots and lots of different species of butterflies. Other wildlife near
Iguazu Falls includes the capuchin monkey, the giant anteater,
the jaguar, the puma, the South American coastis (raccoon
family) and the capybara (world’s largest rodent).

17

’S BEAUTIFbyRachelKehoe
PELÉ UL

Yoouut’llogf etht ias kgiucyk. GA M E

Pelé holds Brazil’s
1970 World Cup
trophy.

Brazil is “o País do The game was introduced in to play while he was studying in
Futebol”—“the Country 1894, when Thomas Donohue, a England. Known as the “Father of
of Soccer.” It has one of Scottish expatriate, organized the Soccer,” Miller helped set up the
the world’s best teams, holds an first official match. However, it first league in Brazil. Excitement
unprecedented five World Cup was Charles Miller who sparked for the game spread like wildfire,
titles, and is the only country to the country’s interest in the game and soccer was soon the most
have played in every World Cup when he brought the first popular sport in the country.
tournament. equipment home after learning
Brazil takes great pride in its

18

soccer culture, as the enthusiasm the ball. Pelé was playing for a

of the fans and the passion of the local club when he got his first FAST
FACTS
players shows. It has produced break. Santos FC, a professional
»When Pelé was young,
some of the world’s club in the city of Sao
his family could not
most famous Paulo, invited him to afford a soccer ball, so
he played with an old
players, such as “Pelé is the join the team. At sock stuffed with rags.
The goalposts were a
Garrincha, greatest player of only 17, he was pair of old shoes.
Cristiano
Ronaldo, all time. He reigned the youngest »Celeste, Pelé’s mother,
Ronaldinho,
and Neymar. supreme for 20 years. player in the was so afraid he
There’s no one to compare would get hurt that
league and one she never saw him
with him.” play a game in person.
of the top
»In 1969, Pelé and the
But any —West Germany’s 1974 World scorers.
Cup-winning captain Franz Santos team visited
Nigeria, where a
discussion of Beckenbauer Throughout the WZR GD\ FHDVH ğUH
in the civil war was
Brazil’s soccer stars country, newspapers declared so that both
sides could watch
must begin with Pelé, a and radio stations him play.

symbol for the sport itself. announced his victories. Pelé »In 1997, Pelé was

Edson Arantes do Nascimento had become a national superstar. given an honorary
British knighthood.
(nicknamed Pelé) was born on By 1958, Brazilians eagerly
helped put Brazil into the
October 23, 1940. He grew up awaited the World Cup, the quarter-finals.

poor and worked as a shoeshine international championship of Against Wales, Pelé scored the
game’s only goal, making Brazil
boy at the railroad station to help soccer that is played every four one of four teams left in the
tournament. They met France in
feed his family. However, as a years. Pelé was selected to play the semi-finals, where Pelé scored
a spectacular hat trick, a term
young boy, Pelé showed amazing on the national team, and the used when one person scores
three goals in a game. Brazil’s
talent in soccer. Although small question on everyone’s mind was: victory launched them into the
World Cup final. They would play
for his age, he was fast and had would this be the year of Brazil’s against the host
nation,
an extraordinary command of first World Cup victory? Sweden.

The 1958 World Cup Sweden
celebrated
The cleats Pelé wore was held in Sweden. Pelé’s after scoring
early in his career are first game was against the
enshrined in a museum. Soviet Union. He felt a

swell of pride standing in

his bright yellow jersey,

listening to Brazil’s

national anthem. “When

the band plays that song,

all of us Brazilians feel a

strange force within us....

All of us were living in a

dream, but none more so

than me,” he said. During

the game, Pelé made

several vital plays that

19

Pelé was nearly
unstoppable on
WKH VRFFHU ğHOG

YIKES! I’d better move!

“I sometimes

feel as though

football was invented

in the first four minutes of the around the field to for this magical World Cup
championship game. Brazil the cheers of the player.” champion
quickly gained back control with crowd. and has scored
two goals. In the second half, —Sir Bobby Charlton, Former
Manchester United striker

During his legendary more goals for

Pelé made one of the most career, Pelé accomplished Brazil–77 in 92

extraordinary goals ever seen in everything a soccer player could games–than any other

World Cup history. After stopping imagine. In 1962, the Brazilian player. In 1999, several

a long pass with his chest, Pelé government declared him a organizations, including the

flicked the ball over the head of national treasure. No other International Federation of Football

the Swedish defender and fired it player has ever received such History and Statistics (IFFHS),

past the goalkeeper before it hit an honor. Pelé ended his career named Pelé the best soccer player

the ground. Brazil had having scored 1,281 of the century.

won the world goals in 1,363 games, In 1974, Pelé signed a two-year

championship. “Pelé was the most making him the contract with the New York Cosmos
Pelé teammates complete player.” most successful to promote soccer in North
lifted him onto league goal-scorer America. He won over the crowds

their shoulders. —Bobby Moore, England’s 1966 of all time. He is and attracted millions of Americans
They carried him World Cup-winning captain the only three-time to the “beautiful game” of soccer.

20

After his playing wage and compensation if
days were over, they got injured.
Pelé became active
in charitable Pelé is hailed as a national
organizations. hero for his achievements in
soccer and for the positive
After retirement, Pelé used his was named Minister of Sport difference he made in Brazil. He
fame to help others. He raised for the government of Brazil. remains the greatest soccer star
money for UNICEF and created a He used his position to create of all time and an inspiration to
worldwide series of clinics to help the “Pelé Law,” which players everywhere.
young soccer players. In 1995, he guaranteed soccer players a fair
Rachel Kehoe is a freelance writer and
longtime soccer fan. While visiting Brazil,
she enjoyed seeing the excitement
soccer brings to players of all ages.

WHERE in the World?

Do you know Aonnspwaegreis48.
where our friend 21
Globey is enjoying
his copy of FACES?

Here is a hint: This city was one of the host cities of the 2014 World
Cup and its beaches have been named the best in the country.

by Katia Barber

22 The Biggest Brazilian Celebration

Carnival is celebrated
throughout Brazil, but
the biggest party is in
Rio de Janeiro.

he lyrics of this old samba (the Brazilian
carnival song) are the best summary
to describe how the locals, as well as
foreigners, feel when they are part of the
biggest party on Earth: the carnival in Brazil.

23

Wondering why? Try to visualize thousands of The parade is the
people in elaborate costumes, dancing together on highlight of the
an avenue-turned-runway, followed by a spectacle Carnival festivities.
of lights, musical instruments, and over-the-top
parade floats, singing the samba aloud with the meaning to them; it’s the best way to come out
help of a crowd of almost 100,000 viewers sitting of the shadows and show the world what a rich
in the avenue stands. You are, then picturing the culture they have. Although many years ago the
Samba parade in Rio de Janeiro city, the heart of parade became a contest, the party’s upside is
the carnival party. still the popular spirit.

How amazing is it to find that it all starts up But the parade preparations are not easy.
in the hills and on the city’s outskirts in poor It requires more than eight months to plan.
shantytowns called favelas where the poorest Everything must be done by the time the parade
is held in February, summertime in Brazil.
Brazilians live? The parade
is divided into 14 groups, the Escolas de The song creation is one of the most important
Samba. It’s the slum-dwellers from parts of the celebration. The samba music is the
each neighborhood who do the life of the parade. A group of musicians and
creative parts of the parade. writers chooses a historical theme and transforms
They are in charge of
activities such as the it into an upbeat piece of music. The samba
songs, costumes, rhythm needs to be inviting; it has to make it
accessories, and impossible for those who are listening to
gigantic floats. stand still. Learning to dance the
This event samba can be challenging, but
has a special even those with two left feet
can join the party.

24

Carnival costumes 0RVW ĠRDWV
WDNH PRQWKV RI
are elaborate SUHSDUDWLRQ
DQG ĠDVK\

6DPED LV WKH RIğFLDO In the same way, the fantasias (costumes) add
PXVLF RI &DUQLYDO beauty and color to the parade. They help to
illustrate the theme. Satin, feathers, and many
“¡E hoje o dia da alegria; other flashy materials are used. The costumes are
e a tristeza nem pode chosen according to the theme. The participants
”pensar em chegar! also wear eye-popping accessories such as hats and
(Today is the day of happiness; gloves. Most groups allow tourists to participate as
there is no space for sadness!) long as they sign up in advance. They also must
wear the fantasias, which can cost from $300 to
more than $1,400. Every folião (parade participant)
can choose which part of the group they want to
be, and then they plan their costumes accordingly.
You could even be one of the distinct folks who are
able to dance on the carros alegóricos, the colossal—
and sometimes towering—floats. But, to take part
in a float, you’ll need to be either a famous person
or a very active member of the community. And
not being afraid of heights may help you, too!

Put it all together and add the most excited and
happy people, and it is easy to see why the parade is
the centerpiece of the carnival. The mix of culture,
art, and fun attracts people like a magnet. So, what
are you waiting for? Get your fantasia and start
rehearsing your samba now for the next carnival.

Katia Barber is a Brazilian now living in the United States.
Feathers, sequins, and a scary face make for fun during
Brazil’s carnival.

25

razil’s Amazon rain forest is being destroyed at an
alarming rate. During 2019, an area comparable
in size to New York City was destroyed in the
month of May alone. If something isn’t done to save the
Amazon, it could be damaged beyond repair.

26

by Christine Graf

Action must be
taken soon to slow
the destruction of
the Amazon.

Sixty percent of the 2.6-million live in the rain forest could regions of the country to move
square-mile (6.7 million square- disappear forever. The Amazon to the Amazon. Hundreds of
kilometer) Amazon rain forest is home to 10% of the Earth’s thousands moved in search of
is located in Brazil. During the known plant and animal species. a better life. Many were peasant
last 40 years, more than 18% of farmers who used “slash and
the Brazilian Amazon has been The destruction of the Brazilian burn” farming techniques. They
destroyed. Experts predict that if Amazon began in the 1970s, cut and burned all trees and
the current rate of deforestation when the Brazilian government vegetation so they could clear
continues, 55% of the Amazon built the Trans-Amazonian the land and plant crops.
could be gone by the year 2030. highway. The government
The millions of animal, insect, encouraged people living in The region’s cattle ranchers
bird, fish, and plant species that poverty in the overcrowded have also caused massive
northeastern and southern destruction to the Brazilian

27

Much of the rain forest
has been cleared to make
room for cattle grazing.

Amazon. They have burned huge More than Most of the logging
tracts of land to plant pasture 900,000 done in the Amazon
grasses for cattle grazing. Illegal indigenous is done illegally.
logging operations have also people live in
burned large amounts of land the Amazon. The Amazon is the
and cut down vast numbers of second longest river
trees. Brazilian authorities in the world.
estimate that 90% of the timber
removed from the Amazon is
removed illegally. Violent
confrontations between loggers

T he mightiest river in the
world, the Amazon
contains one-fifth of the
world’s fresh flowing water. It also
has more tributaries than any
other river on the planet. About
1,000 streams and small rivers
empty into it.

An Amazing Waterway

The Amazon is one of the world’s
longest rivers, second only to the
Nile in Africa. Beginning with

28

and environmental BJhmparariaarsoznBtliyoleoicoarltssneioesnPnntgrraeeitrdcshotieidoennst contaminate FAST
activists and Amazon. the local water FACTS

enforcement supply. In July »Four hundred

officials have 2019, the thirty-six territories in
Brazil have been
resulted in hundreds operators of designated as
autonomous
of deaths during the an illegal indigenous lands.

last decade. mining »According to opinion

Illegal gold and operation invaded polls, the vast
majority of Brazilians
mineral mining has also caused an indigenous village and killed want to protect the
Amazon.
irreparable damage to the one of its chiefs. Several months
»More than 20 million
Amazon. Miners have cleared later, two indigenous leaders
people live in the
forests and dumped toxic were killed while on their way Brazilian Amazon.

mining chemicals into rivers. home from an indigenous rights »In August 2019, world

These chemicals kill fish and meeting. More than 900,000 leaders from France,
the United States,
indigenous people live in the Great Britain, Canada,
Italy, and Japan
Illegal gold mining Brazilian Amazon. Although pledged $20 million in
destroys the forests Brazil’s constitution guarantees aid to help Brazil
and contaminates the them exclusive use of their land, FRQWDLQ WKH ğUHV LQ WKH
water with mercury. Amazon.

they have been subjected to »The Amazon also

frequent invasions and assaults covers parts of Bolivia,
Peru, Colombia,
by miners, ranchers, and loggers. Ecuador, Venezuela,
Guyana, Suriname,
The indigenous people have and French Guiana.

taken steps to protect their ancestral

streams in the Andes Mountains and Venezuela drains into the The Amazon is about
in Peru, the Amazon flows 4,000 Amazon. 3,977 miles long.
miles eastward through Colombia
and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. By the time the river reaches its Because fresh water is lighter
Throughout its course, the river mouth, there is so much water than salt water, the fresh water
usually ranges from about one traveling with so much force that rises above the salt water and
to six miles wide. During the it sends a huge plume of fresh changes the color and salinity of
annual flood season, it can swell water into the Atlantic Ocean. the surface of the Atlantic Ocean
to as much as 20 miles wide in for about 250 miles off the coast
some areas. It is also one of the of Brazil.
deepest rivers, reaching 300 feet
deep in a number of areas. In
addition, the Amazon has the
largest watershed of any river in
the world. Water from Brazil,
Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia,

A watershed LV DQ DUHD RI ODQG ZKHUH ZDWHU WKDW LV XQGHU LW RU GUDLQV RII RI LW ĠRZV LQWR WKH VDPH SODFH 29

lands. In 2012, a group of 120 A satellite image from 2019 more than a decade. Christian
members of the Guajajara tribe shows the Amazon ablaze. Portier, the director of a non-
established Guardians of the profit that is working to protect
Forest. They risk their lives to miners, farmers, and loggers the Amazon, said, “Bolsonaro
protect indigenous lands from access to indigenous land. represents the biggest attack on
illegal logging and have destroyed Since taking office on January 1, the Amazon in the last 30 years.”
more than 200 illegal logging 2019, Bolsonaro has also cut
camps. Loggers have murdered at funding and weakened the power During the 2019 dry season,
least three of the group’s members. of environmental enforcement which began in May, fires in the
One of the victims, 26-year-old agencies. Brazilian Amazon burned at an
Paulo Paulino Guajajara, was alarming rate. Farmers, ranchers,
interviewed several months before Over the course of Bolsonaro’s
his November 2019 murder. He first year in office, deforestation
said, “I’m scared at times, but we rates rose to their highest level in
have to lift up our heads and act.
We are here fighting. There is so
much destruction of nature
happening....We have to preserve
this life for our children’s future.”

Protecting the Amazon became
more difficult after Jair Bolsonaro
became president. He has
publicly supported granting

What a Place! and animal species in the world. The Amazon Basin is
Brightly colored macaws, parrots, the most biologically
The river is also important and toucans, monkeys, poison diverse area on earth.
because it flows through the dart frogs, anacondas, and
Amazon rain forest, the largest jaguars live here. In the water,
tropical rain forest in the world. you’ll find pink dolphins,
Some of the least developed and
most biologically diverse areas on
earth are located here. The jungle
is very dense, and remote areas
can be reached only by boat and
hiking trails. Some parts have
never been explored.

Home to some of the planet’s
most amazing and unusual birds,
fish, reptiles, insects, and
animals, the Amazon rain forest
has the largest collection of plant

30

loggers, and miners who were international pressure than the Public pressure from Brazilians and people from
illegally clearing land set most voice of Brazilians,” he said. “I other nations eventually forced the Brazilian
of them. On August 19, 2019, think international pressure is JRYHUQPHQW WR SXW RXW ğUHV LQ WKH $PD]RQ
smoke from these fires plunged essential to reverse this tragic
the large city of São Paulo into pathway. The agriculture sector Brazilian government from a
total darkness in the middle of in Brazil is very concerned that suicide of the Amazon, which
the afternoon—the metropolis is European consumers won’t buy will have terrible consequences
located hundreds of miles away Brazilian produce. This may be for the climate and for Brazil.”
from the fires. the ultimate way to stop the
If Nobre is correct, it may be
After news outlets from around up to the rest of the world to help
the world reported the burning of save the Amazon. The clock is
the Amazon, the leaders of many ticking. If nothing is done, one of
countries pressured Bolsonaro to the world’s most spectacular rain
take action. They threatened to forests will be gone forever. The
boycott products from Brazil. As a time to take action is now.
result, the president deployed the
military to help put out the fires.

Carlos Nobre, a researcher at
the University of São Paulo, said
it is this type of international
pressure that could help save the
Amazon. “Politicians in Brazil
pay more attention to

piranhas, and thousands of other Amazon during the mid-1500s, FAST FACT
fish and marine creatures. when Spaniard Francisco do
Orellana claimed to have seen »Throughout time, the
The rain forest is also known native female warriors along its
for the medicinal value of its plants lower banks. Thus, it seemed Amazon River has
and trees. Information about their fitting to name the river after the followed many
healing powers has been passed ancient Amazons, fierce female different courses.
from generation to generation of warriors who are described in Scientists think
native people for thousands of Greek mythology. WKDW LW RQFH ĠRZHG
years. By learning what the natives westward.
know and discovering new species, In the 1600s, Pedro Teixeira
researchers hope to find clues that from Portugal led the first were densely populated settlements
will help them develop cures for expedition up the entire length of both inland and along the coast.
diseases that affect people the river and opened it to the rest They were wiped out—probably by
throughout the world. of the world. People have lived in diseases—after Europeans arrived.
the Amazon region for at least
What’s in a Name? 11,000 years. According to recent Paula Neely lives in Virginia. She also
archaeological discoveries, there writes for National Geographic News
The river became known as the and American Archaeology magazine.

31

Outstretched

Arms It stands on the
summit of Mount
by Marcia Amidon Lusted Corcovado in the city
of Rio de Janeiro and is
visible from anywhere
in the surrounding area.
It is also one of Brazil’s

best-known
landmarks,
rising 98 feet
(30 meters) above
the top of the mountain.
Brazil’s Christ the Redeemer
statue, or Cristo Redentor
in Portuguese, is one of
the New Seven Wonders
of the World and is a
symbol of faith for
Christians all over
the globe.

32

The Christ the Redeemer statue a cross or a welcoming, inclusive mountain makes it visible for
everyone in the city, it also means
represents Jesus, standing with his Jesus, so that both religious and that the statue is affected by
weather. Wind and rain wear
arms outstretched and facing the non-religious Brazilians can find away at the tiles, so that they have
to be repaired and replaced often.
rising sun. The statue is made from meaning in it. The statue is also vulnerable to
lightning strikes. In 2014, lightning
reinforced concrete and soapstone Construction began in 1926 and burned the back of the statue’s
head and actually zapped off one
and weighs about 700 tons (635 was finished in 1931. Da Silva of its fingertips.

metric tons). It stands on a 26-foot- Costa commissioned a Polish- But the statue continues to draw
almost two million visitors every
tall pedestal. Its outstretched arms French sculptor, Paul Landowski, year. It used to be that visitors
could only reach the statue by
extend 92 feet from fingertip to to sculpt the statue. Landowski climbing 200 steps to the summit,
but in 2003, new elevators and
fingertip. In comparison, it is began by creating the statue in escalators were added to make the
trip easier. And as a symbol of not
about two-thirds the height of clay pieces, which were then only Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, but
also of Christianity, chances are
the Statue of Liberty from base shipped to Brazil and remade in that the number of visitors to
Cristo Redentor will only increase.
to torch. reinforced concrete. This type of So if you visit Rio de Janeiro, be
sure to look up.
But how did such a colossal concrete was new and was the only
33
statue come to be built overlooking material strong enough to support

Rio de Janeiro? It began with a the size and weight of the statue.

plan in the 1850s to build a But it wasn’t very pretty, so the

monument to honor one of Brazil’s designers decided to cover the

princesses. That plan was never surface with soapstone tiles. It is

implemented, but in 1921, it said that the workers who made

resurfaced as the idea of building a these tiles often wrote on the back

statue of Jesus. The church and its of them, so the statue is covered

followers were concerned that with hidden messages.

Brazil was in danger from “a wave While building the Christ the

of Godlessness” and felt the statue Redeemer statue on top of a

would be a symbol of

Christianity for the entire

city. Engineer Heitor da

Silva Costa was hired to

design the statue. The

original design was for the

Jesus figure to be holding a

cross in one hand and a I’d stretch my
globe in the other, but arms out, but...
when people began

referring to it as “Christ

with a ball,” da Silva Costa

and Brazilian artist Carlos

Oswald altered the design

to the Art-Deco-style Christ

with his arms outstretched. The Christ the Redeemer
The figure represents either statue was recently lit up
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FRXQWULHV DIIHFWHG E\ WKH
&RYLG SDQGHPLF

DEAR KYLIE compiled by Carolee Miot McIntosh

Kylie enjoyed getting to know Iara from Brazil. Iara and Kylie share some interests such as learning French.
Kylie really appreciates Iara’s sense of humor and hopes you have fun learning a bit more about Brazil.

Iara and her family

Hi, Kylie!OItahtbuhaorituMnfytrkyioneuynennwodaugmcS’rupeeueltodizuspoalriIneenasanrg.areIea(tainponmrldoatnewhrmoaeeusspetopneamydcbeoetiduonjotEcbwote.hr-rIarietetr’sasianpr)stog.oincIn’aldmeniscwdefyirtltooehomuakyrwnnBoruiorinw.atgezailn. d

Best wishes,

Iara

Dear Iara,
Thank you
and the culture so much for your kind words. I would love to learn about you
of Brazil.
hliivgehiHnsceNhreoeoiwsl.Ha alimttlpeshbiitrea.bIoeuntjomyew. MrityinngamanedisplKayyliine.gI
am 14 years old and I in
sports. I am a freshman

KInyWllimieekexuethsiTyantaveltaeBkarmkri’snaeaz,gcnrlialeay.csboIsocmegulsuotm.btImsoea,ntyamcsadapmkfssetoIagdciiycrysndhihltortcaOsoogeluefldo,ryrarnf,r,laaiusitaewlnfnnsownnareCadgrheesadtgeetha,rcslhkmiettovhaniieatehnncamnsmnelikigdsadgnodeeoesss?fhofsvsl,fowpciaasmIretclnicmmisaaltoheothslnwveioalswlreomeatieyndtoilsltoh.ny,oacncaIadnrolvhmlaanreaaidasfrkvdhiovstlIwaemaieeaanlisnhtbfolm..ogaualvgWTe.btegn.hlolIoyteI’eihuvhaasjooaateuanruustbntwmsdertodtimaiuntsaodtbsohtcdegooiyhsgeweufttoaohnrhetahuotoiriaelmewdnwiddnItnrgiyoatdceutgosmalhsipasnm,kiwcsmsfahnsio-nteoyrihsotd.l.

I am excited to hear from you.

Kylie

34

Dear Kylie,

RheoadbybfyIo’rmtfaok2ero2mff!ye e(alorns golsdtoarnwydh)i.IcMhhayimssvhaedyywyradhesbarad,lomtoehpgoIald’arim)s.en.eItesiogntpubrileefdowcaytosmiuihnnpiegoBinanfnr,oaatrzahlrtiiiihrlsgpo(filhuaattegnlnlhdeeo,aipwtssi.lotwoHtItahgeslaiuiktks’eseistnsmwhdehiytooa’sfltddihaeanesdt,
weAdcgxtsnoiiehmiacotintsrpneinoomtcenttyeaohhnoocgmblzpeOeoepoiWdotlloostyaerhtnemsntltaho,,oceeiovo.rtsoayatntpanhnihhcreOrurdgroeisewiiaesu”neiwlvfsotevlhoraagtheahtliwophilghtdaefmetlsreaeereree’etoosedireb.ieabwp,nfooeeWdneyheacnbarnusrooamaaedon.ltetcuucnuylSotseadpiybrdc.udlcsuultlooyooIh,ieourenmbsulvaowslctepIlw’eroetgheiat.eudaglwcoseetIohrraireditcesfdtstlakohrhcehiiunnevttamvsdohigeoheeest.eeeoorolione’enlaellenWscaoencieadoecsniaplonlctoayiadehb.njusnrourseuotusadrroooW.inhubMnsognnlvdusouitucseeictnirhstahioettteraa-nhnanEeteitrrOssfrntnahoogntteygtfonog.tnhmohuoruiaoahere-cTfirgele.mrsdhvtvrhuEroe.eooEtrcileeeacumearusnsaAeictehrnnsasnsdv,pormlttdngotlitachcsgrhieuwiaasodiegmhlaioesn,otlloarbivchdisuostifaid,sb,tgnaoaesoerielnrfhsuawttsulctnehoostdaaohyoirehgfmt.ahtwamoogumreyefsecrIfinwl,rtilehststcinoeoahsoeidaynatctee.hullhrcseotrhanilttyoTehsyhyktetseheIetrsthuolcgae/he.esaeItpattnfehfxfevhphethekepmcowuleropesosedlaria,aardaemoaeanncietetr)tnlsanflevymhssiog.kdurtsemcakttosieaxEecaioop.cesstoirwesinhpluaeahbvvpIlnsabtenaofsegconeyoeloenoltao,tcdourrl.nlbhwdohsySiosltasbf,tIntileissaeethiiobutyebnãswvtestritlguthon,(dooecgeoaieb,rnhbtiidnPstsgytfuabeoh,wafcouposbmitteseucaserlhetrtoyl“biulceoeaueituhvoteaonnosst,hissosnuutoelstumfatcaetdesohpatgcfhalser,eulraoeleyoolndbymll’itc

35

cleognecnFMerodtry/sft,naualannem,dthIeralmeitkacedeao.tmnIosaehsl“asqfnorugoleomevonuettlhoefweatnrihtnaheitnwmivgaeytnpefreersowi”pelnalea.ndnsdgaiutn’asdgiefnsa.mtIr’imiblyul,teegatroondaiannngacFitniroegnn,acglho. to

Best wishes, The view from
Iara’s airplane
Iara

Dear Iara,
iastantyhnycolhatoodhdhoutuiooohgy’CulrgITethteohhlnhgrpuioobasahesowcemnatwschIsrkiioueoeobhnnmrnoypayaeglttv.w?ifloaohnewWurebeygsthloUoesioeannaomanwttgormapiaetetiigkwesltmueodohpenictateeth.uSchcotoIoipfttfyahuaaoemlidorrtapmauenarryusgily?e.nvosieeeuItaddoyrtgsrtboetieoooneubsmnfatpcguooslhlaryakonsodiycoelteh.thtloroba.sostapvIofocolelofhlrelgfatoletresooleodtwalrtmetmoesgoiaoonr.7.luselIDc:eyny2hpiidoldo0lnausouyyAlrcfaokaodMwsnusyaoehcdsuptitco’ilonosemmanrth,fyi,eeoarl..obuavI2Ituntensw’:tst0yaetia0fpsrgsloashsPprr.coetoMwkDuartet,ti,hnsdgaatotet

b9e2sbaoaemnIfantyodLurediewtsebtapImhbaioerowfia.errnieaugkmnInikillawitinlt.annenikbatzgsgaoecnlihohenoFta,oaeaonrngwbrrukeunoinlortintetinrhchasngIhagwcer’glrtnholocaotlyrilSwnahoankoplneosogsuarrsitgnknhhlFtulaeiharitorsanvedihnhngsecgeulecluFyiahahnsirsaeoss,easssgtnatprsteon,yacuisoltshreae,caoxtiarhasfltgrlIion.atavyrehyTndeeahgncrgavyiaiirotrstueen.wyahiaibIds.tsegewiMledatnpehnooscifiyuufcustepfilorhlagrdfim.ecaorsruIlulmacApiittlnerlkotimirtc.i.odsehnikIhTapntlhdmwoazagaeuoonlireeFunssoengatnrl.wrtrued.ynInamatIl.scgiSmaIyhkenmpa.eucaoogltwsnarrotenosieesos,ihmtlIhaaestrt

It’s cool that we do some similar things for fun. I enjoy reading too. I
often read in school or before I go to sleep.

36

becauMYsoyeuIrnapalimwctaueyrmsesecaaonmreses“bobaoacomkmatezoraitnnhgeg..o”InMleosvyeIdmlosvoeeme.insgayysouthaant’sdaypopurorpdriaadteflying.

From,

Kylie

Dear Kylie,tooI’mtagowlaleedsaorImnwenatsehwaabttlhyeiontuog’hrsee.lgHpreya’sonubdepleeanairysnolaueanbrigntifmnogror9ae2anybeoweualtrasmn, agysucmaoguyen.dtItra’ysd.nweovuelrd
It’s
late
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Best wishes,
Iara

37

A CLOSER LOOK compiled by Emily Cambias

Capoeira

Capoeira is a martial art that
combines dance, acrobatics,
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During a bout, participants—
called capoeiristasŌğJKW LQVLGH
a circle of onlookers called a
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movements to avoid attacks and
powerful kicks to land blows on
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not get weapons or training
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and capoeira was born.
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38

May I have Musicians watch and play special
this dance? instruments to set the pace and rhythm
of the game. Songs are important, too.
Although capoeira Musicians sing songs about famous
was forbidden, capoeiristas or describe what’s happening
people never stopped LQ D ğJKW
practicing. Starting People practice capoeira all over the world,
in the 1920s, new and many students come to Brazil to study
interest in the art from with capoeira mestres (masters). Most
tourists and Brazilians capoeira schools teach the acrobatic, no-
led to new schools contact version. But some still practice it as
being established. In a martial art.
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decriminalized. 39

Modern capoeira has
changed a lot from its
origins. Now its focus
is more on a sport or
game version, where the
contestants use capoeira
movements and music
but don’t hit each other.

When students at a
FDSRHLUD VFKRRO ğQLVK
their training, they
participate in a batizado,
or “baptism” game. When
the game is over, the
student gets a unique
apelido, or nickname. The
apelido tradition comes
from the time when
capoeira was illegal:
using a false name helped
throw off the police.

CROSSWORD

BRAZIL

Answers to Brazil Crossword on page 48

1

23
4

5
67

8 DOWN

9 1 Brazil is the largest country in this
continent (two words)
ACROSS
2 national language of Brazil
2 Brazilian soccer hero 3 Brazil’s most important river
6 Christ the Redeemer stands on the 4 sixth largest waterfall in the world
5 capital of Brazil
summit of this mountain (two words) 7 martial art that combines dance,
8 world’s largest rodent
9 Brazil’s biggest celebration DFUREDWLFV ğJKWLQJ DQG PXVLF

Ferns are one of the most 40
common type of plant
found in the Amazon.
40

G rowing Up? We grow with you!

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41

THE DANCING

TURTLEA FOLKTALE FROM BRAZIL

retold by Pat Betteley, illustrated by Marnie Galloway

Characters: NARRATOR 1: Many years ago, on the banks of the
mighty Amazon River, Turtle played her flute in the
Narrator 1 warm sun.
Narrator 2
Narrator 3 TURTLE: I play notes high. I play notes low. I play
Turtle them fast. I play them slow. I tap my toe. Then
O Pai: Father, pronounced away I go!

“oo PIE,” NARRATOR 1: Turtle danced her happiest dance,
Jose: son twirling this way and that. She bobbed. She
Maria: daughter grooved. She busted out her moves. When she
was done, Turtle pulled her head and legs into
42 her shell and slept. Little did she know that a man
was peeking at her from behind a wide, green leaf.

and I caught her. Run and fetch the cage. Tomorrow,
we will enjoy delicious turtle soup.

JOSE: Here is the cage, made of strong sticks.

MARIA: I will tie the door shut so she can’t escape.

NARRATOR 2: The next morning, O Pai went to
work in the fields.

O PAI: Take care of Turtle, and do not let her out of
her cage for any reason. When I get home, we will
cook her for supper.

NARRATOR 3: O Pai walked to the fields with his
hoe, while the children played by the hut. Turtle
thought and thought about what to do. Then, she
had an idea. She began to play her flute.

TURTLE: I play notes high. I play notes low. I play
them fast. I play them slow.

NARRATOR 3: Maria heard the sweet music and
ran to the cage.

MARIA: Please, Turtle. Keep playing!

She did not hear his stomach growl with hunger, or TURTLE: Playing the flute is unusual for a turtle,
feel him pick her up with strong, brown hands until but I can dance, too.
it was too late.
JOSE: I have never seen a turtle dance. Are you
O PAI: I have got you, no! My family will enjoy trying to trick us?
turtle soup tonight.
TURTLE: Oh, no. You are too smart. All forest
NARRATOR 2: He walked home with Turtle and animals know that children cannot be fooled.
her flute in his bag.
MARIA: But, if we let you out, will you try to escape?
O PAI: Criancas, children! Look at the fat turtle I
have brought. I followed the sweet sounds of a TURTLE: Certainly not. I just want to show you my
flute to the riverbank where I found her dancing. dance moves. Of course, if you do not want to see
When her song was finished, she went to sleep, them, I can just put my flute away and go to sleep.

43

JOSE: No! Please, show us your dance. MARIA: (setting her at the edge of the forest).
Are you ready yet?
NARRATOR 1: Jose opened the door and took
Turtle from her cage. TURTLE: Not yet. Let me take a quick nap.
You two go play some games. When I am rested,
TURTLE: I play notes high. I play notes low. I will play my flute.
I play them fast. I play them slow. I tap my
toe. Then away I go! NARRATOR 2: When the children had
gone, Turtle crawled through the jungle until
NARRATOR 1: Turtle danced her happiest she was safely home by the river. Meanwhile,
dance, twirling this way and that. She bobbed. the children grew tired of their games and
She grooved. She busted out her moves. When came to find her.
her dance was done, she stopped.
JOSE: Turtle, where are you hiding?
MARIA: Do not stop. Keep dancing! You promised to dance for us again!

TURTLE: I must catch my breath. Put me under NARRATOR 2: No answer. Turtle had tricked
the shade tree, where I can cool down. them. Father would not be happy.

44

JOSE: What shall we do?

MARIA: I know. Find a large rock shaped like
Turtle’s shell.

JOSE: How about this rock?

MARIA: Perfect. We will paint it to look like
Turtle and put it in the cage.

JOSE: I will tie the door shut with the rope again.

NARRATOR 3: When their hungry father got home, O PAI: (whispering) Turtle is sleeping. H-mmm.
he put a pot of water on the fire. Then he opened She is heavier than I remember.
the cage and pulled out the rock.

NARRATOR 3: He dropped the painted stone into
the boiling water.

O PAI: Bring me our biggest serving plate. It is
almost time to eat.

MARIA: Here is the plate, O Pai.

NARRATOR 1: When O Pai dropped the rock onto
the plate, it broke into pieces. O Pai looked at the
rock, and then at his children.

O PAI: Did you let Turtle out her cage?

JOSE: We did. We are sorry.

MARIA: She tricked us.

O PAI: Turtle is cleverer than I thought. Do not
worry, criancas. Tomorrow, I will catch her. Then
we will enjoy our delicious turtle soup.

NARRATOR 1: Do you think O Pai was able to catch
Turtle again?

45

ART CONNECTION by Brenda Breuls

Abstract Art in the Style of Brazilian
Artist Beatriz Milhazes

B razilian artists, especially women, are making a big statement in the
international art world. Beatriz Milhazes’ paintings are displayed in permanent
collections in important museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art in
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de Arte Moderna in Rio de Janeiro. She has had solo and group exhibitions of her work
in Paris and Hong Kong and a permanent installation in New York Presbyterian Hospital.
Beatriz Milhazes lives in Rio de Janeiro and has an art studio across from the Jardin
Botanico, a large city garden. This is the inspiration for her vibrantly colorful collages.
She uses a unique technique. Since she does not want the brush strokes to show, Beatriz
paints her colors and shapes on pieces of plastic that she then lays on top of the canvas.
Later, she peels the plastic sheet off, and the paint left behind becomes her piece. She
layers colors and shapes in this method to create her collages and huge installations.
How about giving it a try?

Materials:

Large sized pre-primed canvas
Acrylic paint
Paint brushes and rollers
Plastic tablecloths
Holographic paper
Decorative papers such as colored paper,
printed paper, wrapping paper, and
candy wrappers
Glue and Modge Podge
Scissors and paper cutters

46

STEP 1—Lay the Background

Start your piece by creating the
background. This could be a series of
stripes made from thin strips of paper, a
painted background using a paint roller,
or pieces of wrapping paper. Let it dry.

STEP 2—Layer Shapes I’m lost!

Form circles of various shapes and sizes
from different papers. Use some repeating
items such as the same size circle, or
the same papers. Try Milhazes’ method.
Using the plastic tablecloth, paint a circle
on it, press it against the canvas, and
then gently pull it off. Repeat this using
different shapes and patterns. Layer the
shapes you create, experimenting with
the best placement before you glue
them in place.

STEP 3—Add Details Artist Beatriz Milhaze at
a 2018 show in London.
Add details such as patterns of vines,
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a dahlia or mandala pattern in her work.
Is there a shape or color you could repeat
that would unify your work?

STEP 4—Seal

Once you have experimented with placement, glue all your separate pieces onto the canvas. Add all
the remaining details. Finally, seal your work with Modge Podge. This will protect your piece and give
LW D ğQLVKHG ORRN 1RZ HQMR\ \RXU %UD]LOLDQ DUWLVW %HDWUL] 0LOKD]HV LQVSLUHG DUWZRUN

YOUR TURN: Make a Milhazes-Style Painting

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[email protected] E\ -XQH %H VXUH WKH HPDLO LQFOXGHV \RXU QDPH DJH DQG
address, and states that “Cricket Media may publish the image provided in Cricket’s magazines
and online, and that I am authorized to provide the image.”
All submissions become property of Cricket Media and will not be returned.

47