PROJECT SOLUTIONS
AT A GLANCE JANUARY 2025 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 NOVEMBER 2024 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY 1 2 3 8 9 10 15 16 17 22 23 24 Christmas Eve 29 30 31 New Year’s Eve 2024DECEMBER
WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 First Day of Winter 25 Christmas Day 26 Hanukkah Begins at Sundown 27 28
AT A GLANCE SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY 5 6 7 12 13 14 19 20 Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 21 26 27 28 FEBRUARY 2025 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 DECEMBER 2024 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2025JANUARY
WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 1 New Year’s Day 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 22 23 24 25 29 30 31
QUALITY PRODUCTS
GRADE AND USES Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. DIMENSIONAL LUMBER Nominal Size (IN) Grade Common Grade Mix1 Principal Uses 2" to 4" Thick 2" and Wider Select Structural No. 1 No. 2 No. 2 & Better (No. 2 & Btr.) Used in most construction. High strength, stiffness, good appearance. Preferred for trusses, rafters, and joists. No. 3 --- Used when high strength and appearance are not important. 2" to 4" Thick 2" to 4" Wide Construction (Std. & Btr.) Standard & Better (Std. & Btr.) Common mix used in general framing. Have less strength and shorter spans than No. 2 & Btr. structural light framing. 2" to 4" Wide Utility2 --- Used most where high strength is not important - studs & plates in partition wall blocking braces. Economy2 (Design values not assigned) --- Temporary or low cost where strength and appearance is not important. 2" to 6" Wide Stud --- Most common grade used for studs. Economy Stud2 (Design values not assigned) --- Used most economically where high strength is not important. 1. For ease in grade sorting, the higher grades are combined and sold as a grade mix. Pieces in the grade mix are still individually grade stamped. 2. Except for the economy grades, all grades are stress graded. For additional information on wood species used in construction, visit: Canadian Wood Council website: www.cwc.ca Southern Pine Marketing Council: www.southernpine.com Western Wood Products Association: www.wwpa.org
BOARD FEET PER PIECE BOARD FEET CONVERSIONS The basic unit of measure for lumber cut from a log is the board foot. A board foot contains 144 cubic inches of volume. It is generally easiest to compare any piece of lumber to a board foot of lumber measuring one (1) inch thick, twelve (12) inches wide, and one (1) foot long. Lumber under one (1) inch thick is generally considered the same as one (1) inch thick for estimating purposes. To calculate the BOARD FEETin a given piece or amount of lumber, use the formula: T" x W" x L' ÷ 12 = Board Ft. To convert board feet to linear feet: 12 T" x W" x Board Ft. = Linear Ft. BOARD FOOTAGE CHART Length 1x2 1x3 1x4 1x5 1x6 --- 1x8 --- 1x10 1x12 1x14 --- --- --- --- --- 5/4x4 --- 5/4x6 --- --- 5/4x8 --- --- 5/4x12 4x4 --- --- --- --- 6/4x4 --- --- 6/4x6 --- 6/4x8 --- 6/4x10 --- --- --- 2x2 --- --- --- 2x4 --- --- 2x6 --- --- 2x8 8' 1.3 2 2.6 3.3 4 5 5.3 6 6.6 8 9.3 10 10.6 10' 1.6 2.5 3.3 4.1 5 6.2 6.6 7.5 8.3 10 11.6 12.5 13.3 12' 2 3 4 5 6 7.5 8 9 10 12 14 15 16 14' 2.3 3.5 4.6 5.8 7 8.7 9.3 10.5 11.6 14 16.3 17.5 18.6 16' 2.6 4 5.3 6.6 8 10 10.6 12 13.5 16 18.6 20 21.3 18' 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 11.2 12 13.5 15 18 21 22.5 24 20' 3.3 5 6.6 8.3 10 12.5 13.3 15 16.6 20 23.3 25 26.6 22' 3.6 5.5 7.3 9.1 11 13.7 14.6 16.5 18.3 22 25.6 27.5 29.3 24' 4 6 8 10 12 15 16 18 20 24 28 30 32 Length 6/4x12 --- --- --- --- 6x6 --- 6x8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4x6 --- 4x8 --- 4x10 4x12 6x10 --- --- 6x12 --- 3x6 --- 3x8 3x10 --- 3x12 --- --- --- 8x8 --- 8x10 8x12 --- 2x10 2x12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8' 12 13.3 16 20 21.3 24 26.6 32 40 42.6 48 53.3 64 10' 15 16.6 20 25 26.6 30 33.3 40 50 53.3 60 66.6 80 12' 18 20 24 30 32 36 40 48 60 64 72 80 96 14' 21 23.3 28 35 37.3 42 46.6 56 70 74.6 84 93.3 112 16' 24 26.6 32 40 42.6 48 53.3 64 80 85.3 96 106.6 128 18' 27 30 36 45 48 54 60 72 90 96 108 120 144 20' 30 33.3 40 50 53.3 60 66.6 80 100 106.6 120 133.3 160 22' 33 36.6 44 55 58.6 66 73.3 88 110 117.3 132 146.6 176 24' 36 40 48 60 64 72 80 96 120 128 144 160 192 Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes.
CANADIAN SPECIES WOOD SPECIES USED IN CONSTRUCTION Species Combination Abbreviations Species Included in Combination Physical Characteristics Color Range Spruce Pine Fir S - P - F Spruce (all species except Costal Sitka), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir, Alpine Fir - Lightweight - Works easily - Takes paint well - Holds nails well - Small knots White to pale yellow Douglas Fir Larch D - Fir - L (N) Douglas Fir Western Larch - High degree of hardness - Good resistance to decay Reddish brown to yellowish brown HEM - Fir (North) Hem - Fir (N) Pacific - Hemlock Amablis Fir - Works easily - Takes paint well - Holds nails well Yellow-brown to white Northern Species North Species Western Red Cedar - Exceptional resistance to decay - High appearance qualities - Works easily - Takes fine finishes Reddish brown heartwood, light sapwood Northern Species North Species Red Pine - Works easily Reddish to pale brown heartwood Ponderosa Pine - Takes finish well - Works easily - Finishes well - Little splitting or splintering Pale yellow sapwood Western White Pine Eastern White Pine - Softest of Canadian Pine - Works easily - Little splitting - Holds nails well - Take stains and paints well Almost white sapwood, creamy white to light straw brown heartwood Trembling Aspen, Largetooth Aspen, Balsam Poplar - Works easily - Takes finish well - Holds nails well Almost white to grayish white Any other Canadian species graded in accordance with the NLGA rules WESTERN WOOD SPECIES Species Combination Abbreviations Species Included in Combination Physical Characteristics Color Range Douglas Fir Larch Doug Fir - L Douglas Fir Western Larch - Clear of knots - Superior strength - High hardness - Holds paint well Reddish brown with pronounced grain Douglas Fir South D - Fir - S Douglas Fir South (AZ, CO, NV, NM, & UT) - Clear of knots - Superior strength - High hardness - Holds paint well Reddish brown with pronounced grain Hem - Fir Hem - Fir Western Hemlock, Noble Fir, California Red Fir, Grand Fir, Pacific Silver Fir, White Fir - Strong, stiff - Easy to work - Straight grained Yellowish brown to white Spruce Pine Fir SPF Sitka Spruce, Englemann Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Ponderosa Pine - High grade - Tight knots - Smooth, straight grain Yellowish white with occasional reddish orange streaks Western Woods West Woods Sugar Pine, Idaho White Pine, Mountain Hemlock, Alpine Fir - Straight grained - Excellent workability - Holds paint well Pale yellow to reddish brown Western Cedars West CDR Incense Cedar, Western Red Cedar, Port Orford Cedar, Alaskan Cedar - Straight coarse grain - Lightweight - Brittle splits - Resistant to decay Rich, earthy red Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes.
QUALITY PRODUCTS
2016 PROJECT SOLUTIONS PROJECT SOLUTIONS
QUALITY PRODUCTS
PROJECT SOLUTIONS
New Change to Treated Wood Standards The new standard change will require that Ground Contact (UC4A) treated wood be used in the following end use applications: Ground Level Decks and Walkways • Treated wood when installed less than 6" above the ground • When treated wood is used in an application that does not permit air circulation or water drainage underneath the structure • When treated wood is used in an application where vegetation, leaf litter, or other debris will build up and remain in contact with the treated wood product Decks and Fresh Water Docks • When treated wood is used in an above ground application where the treated wood component would be considered difficult to maintain, repair or replace, and that component is critical to the performance and safety of the structure. This standard change will affect joists and beams used in above ground decks and fresh water docks, including floating docks. • When treated wood is wetted on a frequent or recurring basis such as wind and wave action (such as fresh water docks and walkways) or watering systems, swimming pools, and hot tubs. Export Products - Exterior Use • When treated wood is used in tropical climates AWPA U1 Standard and 2015 International Residential Code (IRC) • The American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) has changed the U1 standards for treated wood used in residential, agricultural, and commercial applications. The AWPA Book of Standards states, “Standard U1 is the primary standard for specifiers, such as architects and engineers, but also for end users and building code officials. This Standard contains the information needed by specifiers in order to select a product that best suits their needs.” • The residential code (IRC) states that wood that is preservativetreated must be in accordance with the AWPA U1 Standard. • One of the new revisions to the AWPA U1 Standard will change deck and fresh water dock joists and beams to Ground Contact, because those components are typically considered difficult to maintain, repair, or replace and are critical to the performance and safety of the structure. Reason for the Standard Change There is a common misuse by homeowners and contractors using Above Ground treated material in Ground Contact applications. Ground Contact TREATED WOOD STANDARDS Extension Cords Whatever you need to power, we have an extension cord to help you get the job done.
PERFORMANCE-RATED PANELS BY THICKNESS AND SPAN RATING WHAT DOES RETENTION LEVEL MEAN? AND WHAT RETENTION LEVEL SHOULD I USE? Retention level refers to the amount of preservative that remains in the wood after the treatment process is complete. It is measured on a weight basis and is typically expressed as pounds of preservative per cubic foot (pcf) of wood. There are a number of typical retention levels available. Generally, the harsher the condition the wood is exposed to, the higher the retention level must be. For Above Ground use/exposures the following retentions are typical: (i.e. wood not in contact with soil) 0.25 pcf for ACQ, CCA-C, MCQ 0.20 pcf for CBA-A 0.10 pcf for CA-B For Ground Contact use/exposures the following retentions are typical: (i.e. wood in contact with soil) 0.40 pcf for ACQ, CCA-C, MCQ 0.41 pcf for CBA-A 0.21 pcf for CA-B FOR MORE INFORMATION ON PRESSURE-TREATED LUMBER, REFER TO THE AMERICAN WOOD-PRESERVERS’ ASSOCIATION. THEIR WEB PAGE IS http://www.awpa.com/index.asp Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. STRUCTURAL PANELS RETENTION LEVELS Grade Description Uses Typical Thickness APA A-C EXT Double sanded face, extra smooth. Cabinets, shelving, soffit, underlayment, and porch ceilings 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4" APA B-C EXT Sanded panel with a solid core. Cabinets, shelving, underlayment 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4" APA Underlayment C-C Plugged EXT Touch-sanded. High impact resistance. Subfloor for areas to be carpeted 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 19/32", 23/32", 3/4" APA B-B Plyform Class 1 EXT Oil treated. Concrete forms 5/8", 3/4" APA - Rated® Sheathing EXP 1 Span rated for general construction. Subflooring, wall, and roof sheathing 3/8", 7/16", 15/32", 1/2", 19/32", 23/32" APA - Rated® Structured 1 Sheathing EXP 1 Unsanded panel used where strength is important. Diaphragms, gusset plates, skin panels 3/8", 7/16", 15/32", 1/2", 19/32", 5/8", 23/32", 3/4" APA - Rated® Sturd-I-Floor® EXP 1 High impact resistance. Smooth surface on side. Subfloors, square edge or tongue & groove 19/32", 5/8", 23/32", 3/4", 1", 1-1/8" APA - Rated® Sturd-I-Floor® 48" oc (2-4-1) EXP 1EXP 1 Subfloor-underlay 23" & 48" spans. SE or T&G. Subfloors and heavy timber roof construction 7/8", 1-1/8" Grade Thickness Span Grade Thickness Span Rated Sheathing 3/8" 24-0 Rated Sturd-I-Floor 19/32", 5/8" 20 oc 7/16" 24/16 23/32", 3/4" 24 oc 15/32", 1/2" 32/16 7/8", 1" 32 oc 19/32", 5/8" 40/20 1-1/8" 48 oc 23/32", 3/4" 48/24 — — Rated Siding 11/32" 16 oc Rated Sidings T-111 19/32" 16 or 24 oc 15/32" 24 oc — —
Sloped I-Joists: Use hangers with sloped seals whenever the slope exceeds the following: 1/2:12 for seat bearing lengths of 2-1/2 inches or less; 3/8:12 for bearing lengths between 2-1/2 inches and 3-1/2 inches; and 1/4:12 for bearing lengths in excess of 3-1/2 inches. Multiple I-Joists: Fasten together multiple plies of wood I-joists, in accordance with the manufacturer's installation guidelines, such that the joists act as a single unit. Rotation on I-Joists: It may be necessary to install straps, blocking, or sheathing to restrain torsional rotation of a supporting wood I-joist when using top mount I-joist hangers. Fasteners: Install only the specified nails. The flanges of wood I-joists may split if larger diameter nails or longer nails are installed. Do not install nails larger than 16 penny common (0.162 inch diameter) into the web stiffeners in the wood I-joist. Backer Blocks: Pattern the nails used to install backer blocks or web stiffeners in wood I-joists to avoid splitting the block. The nail pattern should be sufficiently spaced and avoid the same grain line, particularly with solid sawn backer blocks. Backer blocks must be installed on the wood I-joists acting as the header, or supporting member. Install in accordance with the I-joist manufacturer's installation guidelines with the backer blocks seated against the bottom flange of a supporting header when using the face mount hangers, and against the top flange if using top mount hangers. The nails installed to hangers mounted to an I-joist header must penetrate through the web and into the backer block on the opposite side. SUPPORT HEIGHT AND LATERAL STABILITY: Without Web Stiffeners: With Web Stiffeners or Solid Members: 1/8" Maximum Cap Resist 250 lb. Lateral Minimum Hangers without web stiffeners must support I-joist top flange and provide minimum 250-pound lateral resistance with no more than 1/8" horizontal deflection. Hangers for joists with web stiffeners must support a minimum of 60% of joist depth. Web Stiffener 60% Min. Joist Depth Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. TYPICAL APA GRADE STAMPS 1. Panel Grade 2. Span Rating 3. Tongue & Groove 4. Exposure Class 5. Product Standard 6. Thickness 7. Mill Number 8. Performance Standard 9. Siding Face Grade 10. Species Group Number 11. HUD/FHA Recognition 12. Panel Grade, Canadian Std. 13. Panel Mark-Rating & End Use Designation, Canadian Std. 14. Canadian Performance Rating 15. Panel Face Orientation INFORMATION WOOD I-JOIST INSTALLATION TO WOOD
PNEUMATIC FASTENER CHART GENERAL PURPOSE Hand Rail 231 1-1/2 x 1-11/16 PINE DFIR Closet Pole L232 1-9/16 round DFIR L233 1-1/4 round DFIR BASE Modern Base L723 7/16 x 3-1/4 PINE Colonial Base 623 9/16 x 3-1/4 PINE, FJPMD, FJPCC CEILING & CORNER Quarter Round 105 3/4 x 3/4 PINE Crown 340 11/16 (18mm) x 3-3/8 MDF WINDOW & DOOR Colonial Casing 356 11/16 x 2-1/4 PINE, FJBARE, FJPMD, FJPCC Modern Casing 316 11/16 x 2-1/4 PINE, FJPMD A quick reference of the most popular moulding types and profiles. See your local Do it Best® store for a complete list of mouldings available in your market. Example of Softwood Moulding DFIR = Doug Fir FJPCC = Finger Joint Clay Coated PINE = Pine MDF = Fiber Board FJBARE = Finger Joint Bare PVC = Poly Vinyl Chloride JPMD = Finger Joint Primed Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. MOULDINGS Tool Nail Type Size Range Bostitch Framing Stock N80-, N70, N100S BS = Bostitch Stick 2" – 3-1/2" Framing Coil N80C CW = Coil Wire 2" – 3-1/4" Coil N55C, N65CP, N63CP BC = Bostitch Coil 1-1/4" – 2-1/4" Roofing Nailer N12B-1, RN45 CR = Coil Roof 1" – 1-3/4" Sheathing Stapler T36-50, T36-1, T50S4 SBS = Staple Bostitch Standard 1" – 2" Roofing Stapler T40S2-CT, T35-32, T35-8 SBW = Staple Bostitch Wide 1" – 1-1/2" Floor Stapler MII SBF = Staple Bostitch Flooring 2" Finish Nailer T36, N60FN BFT/BFN = Bostitch Finish Nail + T Nail 1-1/2" – 2-1/2" Brad Nailer BT35, BT50 FB = Finish Brad 5/8" – 2" Finish Stapler SX Series SBN = Staple Bostitch Narrow 3/8" – 1-3/16" Senco Framing Nailer SN2, SN4, SN70, SN325 PCH = Paper Clip Head 2" – 3-1/2" Framing Coil SCN60, SCN65 CW = Coil Wire 2" – 3-1/2" Framing Nailer SN60 PS = Plastic Stick 2" – 3-1/2" Roof Nailer SCN200R, SCN40R CR = Coil Roof 1" – 1-3/4" Sheathing Stapler MI, MII SSI = Senco Staple Intermediate 1" – 2" Roofing Stapler PW, MW SSW = Senco Staple Wide 1" – 1-1/2" Finish Nailer SFN1, SFN40 SFN = Senco Finish Nail 1-1/2" – 2-1/2" Brad Nailer SLP20 FB = Finish Brad 5/8" – 1-5/8" Finish Stapler SLS20 SSN = Staple Senco Narrow 3/8" – 1-1/2" Paslode Framing Nailer 5300-5350-SK312, F-350S, IM325 PCH = Paper Clip Head 2" – 3-1/2" Finish Nailer 3250 F16, MU212-F16, Trimplus PFN = Paslode Finish Nail 1" – 2-1/2" Finish Stapler 3150-N18, 2125-N18 SPN = Staple Paslode Narrow 1/2" – 1-1/2" Hitachi Framing Stick NR-83A, NR90AC PS = Plastic Stick 2" – 3-1/2" Framing Coil NV83A, NV65AC CW = Coil Wire 2" – 3-1/4" Framing Stick NR83AA PCH = Paper Clip Head 2" – 3-1/2" Coil Roofer NV-45 AB CR = Coil Roof 1" – 1-3/4" Coil Siding NV50AA, VH650 HCP/HCPX = Hitachi Coil Plastic .099/.083 1-1/4" – 2-1/2" Sheathing Stapler 5008AA, AB SSI = Staple Intermediate 1" – 2" Finish Nailer NT65A, NT65A2 PFN = Paslode Finish Nail 1-1/4" – 2-1/2" Finish Nailer NT65AA SFN = Senco Finish Nail 1-1/2" – 2-1/2" Brad Nailer NT45A, NT50AD, NT32AE, NT50AE FB = Finish Brad 5/8" – 2" Porter Cable Framing Stick FR350 PS = Plastic Stick 2" – 3-1/2" Framing Stick FC350 PCH = Paper Clip Head 2" – 3-1/2" Finish Nailer FN200, FN250, CFN250 PFN = Paslode Finish Nail 3/4" – 2-1/2" Finish Nailer DA250, CDA250 SFN = Senco Finish Nail 1-1/2" – 2-1/2" Brad Nailer BN125, BN200 FB = Finish Brad 5/8" – 2" Makita Framing Stick AN8300 PS = Plastic Stick 2" – 3-1/2" Finish Nailer F631 BFN = Bostitch Finish Nail 1-1/2" – 2-1/2" Example of Hardwood Moulding OAK = Oak MAPLEV = Maple Veneer POPLAR = Poplar BIRCHV = Birch Veneer POPFJ - Poplar Finger Joint OAKV = Oak Veneer Bare MAPLE = Maple Joint Bare
NAILING SCHEDULE FOR ROOFING Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. FASTENER USE GUIDE 1" 2" 3" 4" 20d 16d 12d 10d 9d 8d 7d 6d 5d 4d 3d 2d (Note: Staples are approved for shingle installation if the spec is followed. Verify installation instructions with your shingle manufacturer.) ROOFING Product Pounds/Sq. Description Vinyl Siding 1/3 per sq. 1-1/2 – 1-3/4 Alum. Nails Bevel Siding 2 6 & 8d Hot Galv. Box Board Siding 2 8d Hot Galv. Box Cedar Shakes 2 6 & 8d Stainless Steel Cedar Siding 2 3 & 6d Stainless Steel Felt 30# and 15# — 3/4 Galv. Roof Framing Lumber 3 per sq. Common Hardboard Siding 2 / Nail to allow 1" into stud Galv. Box or Flathead Siding Hardboard Underlay 1/4" 1 1-1/4" Ringshank Plywood 5/8" 1 1-7/8" Ringshank Pine & Fir Sheath 2 6 & 8d Common Ply. 2-4-1 T&G 2-1/2 10d Common Ply. 1/2 & 5/8 1-1/2 6 & 8d Common Roof Shingles 1 — 1-1/2 3/4 — 2" Galv. Roof Type of Roofing Shingles Per Square Length of Nail Nails Per Square Pounds Per Square (approximate) 12 Ga. By 7/16" Head Labor Hours Per Square Roll Roofing on new roof — 1" 252 0.73 1.12 1 Roll Roofing over old roofing — 1-3/4" 252 1.43 1.78 1-1/4 19" Selvage over old shingles — 1-3/4" 181 1.83 1.07 1 3 Tab Sq. Butt on new roof 80 1-1/4" 336 1.22 1.44 1-1/2 3 Tab Sq. Butt re-roofing 80 1-3/4" 504 2.38 3.01 1-3/8
DETERMINING ROOF RAFTER LENGTH CONVERSION FACTORS FOR ROOF RAFTERS To convert "Rafter Span" to "Sloping Distance": 1. Select slope factor for given slope in table. 2. Multiply Horizontal Span by "Slope Factor". Example: If slope is 4 in 12 and rafter span is 12'-6", then sloping distance = 12.5 x 1.054 = 13.175' or 13' 2". (Note: the over-all rafter length depends on the length of the overhang.) CUTTING A RAFTER BIRDSMOUTH 1. Determine the rafter length using table above: Ex: Run = 20', slope = 4. Rafter Length = 21' - 1" using table above. 2. Measure 0 (from Table 1) at top edge of rafter. 3. Draw the building line. 4. Draw 2/3 width line from top edge of rafter. 5. Use square to draw seat cut line from bottom edge of rafter to intersect building line. Note: The birdsmouth notch should be limited to 1/3 the rafter width to maintain 2/3 of the rafter section. Graphical examples of finished birdsmouth cuts for 12/12, 8/12, and 3/12 roof pitches. 0° P LAYOUT LINES FOR A COMMON RAFTER Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. HORIZONTAL RAFTER SPAN Clear distance between supports Slope 12 Overall Rafter Length Sloping Distance Overhang Length Rafter Length Building Line 8 2/3 width line Seat cut line 90° to building line 3 YEARS AT A GLANCE ROOF RAFTER LENGTH Slope (IN 12) Slope Factor Slope (IN 12) Slope Factor 3 1.031 12 1.474 4 1.054 13 1.514 5 1.083 14 1.537 6 1.118 15 1.601 7 1.158 16 1.667 8 1.202 17 1.734 9 1.25 18 1.803 10 1.302 19 1.873 11 1.357 20 1.944 TABLE 1 Slope 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0° 14 18 23 27 30 34 37 40 43 45 p° 76 72 67 63 60 56 53 50 47 45
Substitute the formulas given under each type of roof to obtain actual square foot area for the following roofs. Formula refers to shaded area in diagram. Add 10% approximate extra for waste. ROOF AREA CALCULATIONS 1. Multiply length x width of building; include overhangs. 2. Multiply this area x slope factor. 3. Add 10% on gable roofs, 17% on cottage roofs for hips, ridges, and waste. 4. Add shingles required for starter. SLOPE FACTORS 2-12 1.01 3-12 1.03 4-12 1.05 5-15 1.08 6-12 1.12 8-12 1.20 10-12 1.30 12-12 1.41 14-12 1.54 16-12 1.67 18-12 1.80 Mansard Roof (A + L) x C ÷ 2 Lean-to Roof A x L Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. L C A L A A A L L L A A C L A Hip Roof Square Bldg. A X L ÷ 2 (all sides equal) Gable Roof Area = 2 x A x L Hip Roof Rectangle Bldg. (C+L) x A ÷ 2 CALCULATING GUIDE FOR ROOFING SQUARE FOOTAGE
Proper ventilation is required to prevent the buildup of damaging moisture that is generated from normal household activities such as laundry, showers, dishwashing, and cooking. Ventilation is also necessary to reduce attic temperatures to prevent premature roof aging and to improve energy efficiency. • As a general rule, one square foot of net free vent area (NFVA) per 300 square feet is recommended. • For a balanced system, ventilation should be equal at the undereave and ridge. • If proper distribution of undereave and ridge vents cannot be achieved, one square foot of NFVA should be provided for each 150 sq. ft. of area to be vented. • Requirements may vary by locality. Check your local building codes. *Double the above ratio for 1:150. Minimums based on HUD requirement MPS 403-3. Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. VENTILATION Square Footage of Attic *Square Inches NEVA at Peak *Minimum Feet of Ridge Vent *Minimum Feet of Roll Vent *Square Inches of NFVA at Soffit 1,000 240 13 14 288 1,100 264 14 16 317 1,200 288 14.5 17 346 1,300 312 17 18 375 1,400 336 18 20 403 1,500 360 19.5 21.5 432 1,600 384 21 23 460 1,700 408 22 24 490 1,800 432 23.5 26 518 1,900 456 25 27 547 2,000 480 26 28 576 2,100 504 27 30 604 2,200 528 28.5 31 633 2,300 552 30 33 662 2,400 576 31 34 691
FIBER-CEMENT SIDING From the chart below determine how many pieces of siding are required. 1. Determine the number of square feet of rectangular wall areas. A. Measure the length of walls. B. Measure the height of walls to the bottom of gables. C. Multiply the L x W to determine the number of square feet. 2. Determine the number of square feet of gable areas. A. Measure from the bottom of the gable to the top of the gable. B. Determine from the chart below the total number of square feet for each gable area. 3. Add all areas together to determine total square footage required. 4. Determine the total area of all windows and doors and subtract the square footage. 5. Add 10% factor for waste. Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. SIDING ESTIMATING Square Footage of Gables Wall Length Height of Gable 3' 4' 5' 7' 9' 4' 6 ft2 8 ft2 10 ft2 14 ft2 18 ft2 8' 12 ft2 16 ft2 20 ft2 28 ft2 36 ft2 12' 18 ft2 24 ft2 30 ft2 42 ft2 54 ft2 16' 24 ft2 32 ft2 40 ft2 56 ft2 72 ft2 20' 30 ft2 40 ft2 50 ft2 70 ft2 90 ft2 24' 36 ft2 48 ft2 60 ft2 84 ft2 108 ft2 28' 42 ft2 56 ft2 70 ft2 98 ft2 126 ft2 32' 48 ft2 64 ft2 80 ft2 112 ft2 144 ft2 36' 54 ft2 72 ft2 90 ft2 126 ft2 162 ft2 40' 60 ft2 80 ft2 100 ft2 140 ft2 180 ft2 Square Feet to be Covered Siding Size 100 200 300 400 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 6-1/2" x 12' 20 pcs. 39 pcs. 58 pcs. 77 pcs. 96 pcs. 191 pcs. 286 pcs. 381 pcs. 7-1/2" x 12' 16 pcs. 32 pcs. 48 pcs. 64 pcs. 80 pcs. 160 pcs. 240 pcs. 320 pcs. 8-1/4" x 12' 15 pcs. 29 pcs. 43 pcs. 58 pcs. 72 pcs. 143 pcs. 215 pcs. 286 pcs. 9-1/2" x 12' 13 pcs. 25 pcs. 37 pcs. 49 pcs. 61 pcs. 122 pcs. 182 pcs. 243 pcs. 12" x 12' 10 pcs. 19 pcs. 28 pcs. 38 pcs. 47 pcs. 94 pcs. 140 pcs. 187 pcs.
NOTE: Package sizes may vary by manufacturer. *Fact sheets with specific R-values are available from your seller. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating power. Packaging and sizes may vary with manufacturer. **A single sheet of polyethylene film is generally considered to be a superior vapor barrier to the facings listed because of its continuous coverage over the studs. Fiberglass is lightweight and has high thermal efficiency. It is a resilient, versatile, economical material excellent for use as a cavity insulation between wall, floor, and ceiling framing members. Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. FIBERGLASS INSULATION STANDARD PRODUCTS R-Value Thickness Dimensions (Width x Length) Sq. Ft./ Pkg. Package Form Pcs./Pkg. KRAFT FACED New Construction Attics R-38 12" 16" X 48" 32.00 Batt-in-Bag 6 12" 24" x 48" 48.00 Batt-in-Bag 6 2x10 Cathedral Ceilings R-30C 8-1/4" 15-1/2" x 48" 50.00 Batt-in-Bag 10 New Construction Attics R-30 10" 16" x 48" 53.33 Batt-in-Bag 10 10" 24" x 48" 80.00 Batt-in-Bag 10 2x6 Ext. Walls R-21 5-1/2" 15" x 93" 58.13 Batt-in-Bag 6 2x6 Ext. Walls & Floors R-19 6-1/4" 15" x 93" 77.50 Batt-in-Bag 8 6-1/4" 23" x 93" 118.83 Batt-in-Bag 8 6-1/4" 15" x39'2" 48.96 Cont. Roll 1 6-1/4" 23" x39'2" 75.07 Cont. Roll 1 2x4 Ext. Walls R-15 3-1/2" 15" x 93" 58.13 Batt-in-Bag 6 2x4 Ext. Walls R-13 3-1/2" 15" x 93" 116.25 Batt-in-Bag 12 3-1/2" 15" x32' 40.00 Cont. Mini Roll 1 2x4 Ext. & Int. Walls R-11 3-1/2" 15" x 94" 88.12 Precut Roll 1 3-1/2" 23" x 94" 135.12 Precut Roll 1 3-1/2" 15" x 44' 50.00 Cont. Mini Roll 1 FOIL FACED 2X6 Ext. Walls & Floors R-19 6-1/4" 16" x 96" 85.33 Batt-in-Bag 8 R-11 3-1/2" 16" x 96" 170.67 Batt-in-Bag 16 UNFACED New Construction Attics R-38 12" 16" x 48" 32.00 Batt-in-Bag 6 12" 24" x 48" 48.00 Batt-in-Bag 6 New Construction Attics R-30 10" 16" x 48" 53.33 Batt-in-Bag 10 10" 24" x 48" 80.00 Batt-in-Bag 10 Adding to Attics R-25 8" 16" x 96" 64.00 Cont. Roll 6 8" 24" x 96" 96.00 Cont. Roll 6 2x6 Ext. Walls & Floors R-19 6-1/4" 16" x 96" 85.33 Batt-in-Bag 8 6-1/4" 24" x 96" 128.00 Batt-in-Bag 8 6-1/4" 15" x39'2" 48.96 Cont. Roll 1 6-1/4" 23" x39'2" 75.07 Cont. Roll 1 2x4 Ext. Walls R-13 3-1/2" 15" x 93" 116.25 Batt-in-Bag 12 2x4 Ext. & Int. Walls R-11 3-1/2" 15" x 94" 88.12 Precut Roll 9
CAULKS & SEALANTS Energy-efficient foam board sheathing panels are designed as an alternative to conventional plywood and softboard sheathing systems. The higher the R-Value, the greater the insulating power. Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. FOAM BOARD SHEATHING Approximate R-Factor (R-Value) Tongue & Groove Density (Lb. per Ft.2 ) Panel Sizes R-4 Polystyrene 3/4" molded Yes 1.0 to 1.5 2x8, 13-1/2x4, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 R-5 Polystyrene 1" molded Yes 1.0 to 1.5 2x8, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 R-10 Extruded Polystyrene 2" Yes 2.1 2x8, 4x8, 4x9 R-3.3 Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 1/2" with foil No 2.0 2x8, 4x8, 4x9 R-6.5 Isocyanurates 1" extruded Yes 2.1 2x8, 4x8, 4x9, 4x12 R-4.1 Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 5/8" No 2.0 4x8, 4x9, 4x12 R-5 Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 3/4" with foil No 2.0 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 R-6.5 Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 1" with foil No 2.0 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 Siliconized Acrylic Silicone Butyl Rubber Polysulfide Polyurethane Latex Silicone Latex Acrylic Latex Flexibility ± 10% to 20% ± 25% to 50% ± 10% ± 25% ± 25% ± 5% ± 25% ± 10% to 20% Adhesion Good Excellent Good Good, designed for immersion Excellent Fair Excellent Good to porous surfaces, poor to nonporous ones. Paintability Excellent Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Excellent Years Service Indoors 20; outdoors 10 to 15 in low-stress situations Minimum 20 10 15 if protected from sun 15 if painted or protected from sun 5 to 10 15 Indoors 20; outdoors, 10 to 15 Clean Up Water Solvent Solvent Solvent Solvent Water Water Water Shrinkage 20% <2% 1% to 20% <5% <5% 10% to 20% 10% Clear, 20%; pigmented 10% UV Resistance Good Excellent Good Poor Low; better if painted. White lasts longest in sun. Fair Excellent Good Best Use Indoor paintable surfaces. Outdoors, bathrooms, kitchens. Gutter joints and metal-tomasonry joints. Outdoors, where there is moderate movement. Joints subject to abrasion. Lowmovement interior joints. General purpose, indoors/out. Patching interior cracks, joints, and small holes.
JOINT SYSTEMS TEXTURES Note: All products ASTMStandard C-475 Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. COMPOUNDS & TEXTURES Product Package Size Coverage Bedding Compound Adheres tape to joints. First coat coverage for nails and corner bead. 25-lb. bags 15-20-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. Topping For second and third coats over bedding compound. Used only for finishing applications. 25-lb. bags 40-45-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. Multi-Purpose Vinyl/polymer binder multi-purpose joint product. Used for taping, finishing, and texturing. 25-lb. bags 60-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. for joints: 15-50-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. for texturing All-Purpose Used for bedding tape, finishing joints, filling corner bead, spotting, and texturing. 25-lb. bags 60-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. for joints: 15-50-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. for texturing Setting Type Compound All bedding and topcoats. Allows complete taping and finishing in one day. Recommended for cold weather and slow drying conditions. 25-lb. bags 60-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. for joints: 15-50-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. for texturing Easy Sanding Setting Tape Same use as setting type compound. Applies and sands easier, shrinks less. 22-lb. bags 15-20-lb. per 1,000 sq. ft. Ready Mix All-Purpose Ready to use for taping and finishing. 12-lb. pails, 30-lb. pails, 61.7-lb. pails, 48-lb. cartons 60-lb. per 700 sq. ft. Ready Mix Topping Pre-mixed. Finish applications only. 61.7-lb. pails, 48-lb. cartons 40-lb. per 700 sq. ft. Lightweight Joint Compound Pre-mixed, ready to use for taping. 4.5-gal. (43-lb.) cartons and pails 4.5-gal. per 700 sq. ft. Tape 2" wide paper tape with spark perforations and skived edges. Reinforces wallboard joints. 60, 250, and 500 ft. rolls 400 ft. per 1,000 sq. ft. of gypsum board Fiberglass Mesh Tape 2" wide for use in reinforcing glass mat where silicone-treated tile backer is used. 150 ft. rolls 400 ft. per 1,000 sq. ft. of gypsum board Product Package Size Coverage Wall Texture Decorative finish with either hand tool or spray application. 25-lb. bags Up to 1,000 sq. ft. per 25-lb. for splatter application; approximately 200 sq. ft. per 25-lb. for other applications. Ceiling Textures/Vermiculite For spray application only as a decorative finish for wallboard or concrete ceilings. Not recommended for high-moisture areas such as bathrooms. 40-lb. bags Varies from 300 to 400 sq. ft. per bag. Ceiling Textures/Polystyrene For spray application only. Designed for volume application on wallboard or concrete ceilings. Not recommended for high-moisture areas. 32-lb. bags 250 sq. ft. per bag. Pre-Mixed Ceiling Textures Designed for roll-on application to interior ceilings. Provides a hard, white, textured surface. 2-gal. pails 60 to 120 sq. ft. per 2-gal. pail. Note: Package size and coverage may vary with manufacturer.
NOTE: EXCLUDES CEILING Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. ESTIMATOR GYPSUM WALLBOARD Room Size Panel Size Ready Mix Gallon Joint Tape Foot Wallboard Screws Each 4' x 8' Sheets 4' x 12' Sheets 8' x 8' 8 6 3 128 320 8' x 10' 9 6 3 136 360 8' x 12' 10 7 4 144 400 8' x 14' 11 8 4 152 440 8' x 16' 12 8 5 160 480 9' x 9' 9 6 3 128 360 9' x 10' 10 7 4 132 380 9' x 12' 11 7 4 140 420 9' x 14' 12 8 5 156 460 9' x 16' 13 9 5 164 500 10' x 10' 10 7 4 144 400 10' x 12' 11 8 4 152 440 10' x 14' 12 8 5 160 480 10' x 16' 13 9 5 168 520 11' x 11' 11 8 4 148 440 11' x 12' 12 8 4 156 460 11' x 14' 13 9 5 164 500 11' x 16' 14 9 5 172 540 12' x 12' 12 8 4 160 480 12' x 14' 13 9 5 168 520 12' x 15' 14 9 5 172 540 12' x 16' 14 10 5 176 560 13' x 13' 13 9 5 168 520 13' x 14' 14 9 5 172 540 13' x 15' 14 10 5 176 560 13' x 16' 15 10 5 180 580 14' x 14' 14 10 5 176 560 14' x 15' 15 10 5 180 580 14' x 16' 15 10 5 184 600 15' x 15' 15 10 5 184 600 15' x 16' 15 11 5 188 620 16' x 16' 16 11 6 192 640
Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. GENERAL RULES • The total of one riser and one tread should not be less than 16" or more than 18". • Unit rise should be 7" to 8". • Unit run should be 9" to 11". CALCULATING THE NUMBER AND HEIGHT OF RISERS • In inches, determine the total rise from the finished floor of the lower level to the top of the finished floor of the upper level. • Divide the total rise of the stair by 7". • Round back to the nearest whole number of risers. For example, if you get 13 and 3/4 risers, you would round back to 13 risers. • Determine the height of the riser by dividing the total rise by the number of risers required. CALCULATING THE NUMBER AND LENGTH OF TREADS • In inches, determine the total run from a point at the head of the stair to the outside edge of the last riser. • Divide the total run of the stair by nine to get the number of treads, round back to the nearest whole number. BALUSTER RAIL HEIGHT • The distance from the top of the baluster rail to the top of a tread, at the middle, should be no less than 32" and no more than 36". • Determine the length of the tread by dividing the total run by the number of treads. PLANNING A STAIRWAY Floor to Floor Risers Height of Riser Tread Width Total Run Head Room Well Opening 8' 0" 12 8" 9" 8' 3" 6' 8" 8' 1" 13 7-3/8" + 9-1/2" 9' 6" 6' 8" 9' 2-1/2" 13 7-3/8" + 10" 10' 0" 6' 8" 9' 8-1/2" 8' 6" 13 7-7/8" - 9" 9' 0" 6' 8" 8' 3" 14 7-5/16" - 9-1/2" 10' 3-1/2" 6' 8" 9' 4" 14 7-5/16" - 10" 10' 10" 6' 8" 9' 10" 9' 0" 14 7-11/16" + 9" 9' 9" 6' 8" 8' 5" 15 7-5/16" + 9-1/2" 11' 1" 6' 8" 9' 6-1/2" 15 7-5/16" + 10" 10' 6" 6' 8" 9' 11-1/2" COMMON STAIR CALCULATIONS
NAILING SCHEDULE FOR HARDWOOD FLOORING NOFMA Hardware Flooring must be installed over a proper subfloor. T&G must be blind nailed on the tongue edge along the length of the strip/plank and near the ends (1"-3") with face nailing required on starting runs (1-2) and finishing runs (2-4), Sq. edge must be face nailed. Inadequate nailing contributes to cracks and noisy floors by allowing movement of the floor. For additional information contact the National Oak Flooring Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box 3009, Memphis, TN 38173-0009, or visit www.nofma.org Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. FORMULAS HARDWOOD FLOORING 2-1/4" WIDTH Board Foot to Square Foot Board Foot x 0.75 = Square Foot Example: 936 Board Foot x 0.75 = 702 Square Foot Square Foot to Board Foot Square Foot x 1.333 = Board Foot Example: 702 Square Foot x 1.333 = 936 Board Foot Board Foot Price to Square Foot Price Board Foot Price x 1.333 = Square Foot Price Example: $1,350/M x 1.333 = $1.80/Square Feet Square Foot Price to Board Foot Price Square Foot Price x 0.75 = Board Foot Price Example: $1.80/Square Feet x 0.75 = $1,350/M Board Foot Note: Always round up Add 5% for Cutting Waste 3-1/4" WIDTH Board Foot to Square Foot Board Foot x 0.8125 = Square Foot Example: 936 Board Foot x 0.8125 = 760.5 Square Foot Square Foot to Board Foot Square Foot x 1.231 = Board Foot Example: 760.5 Square Foot x 1.231 = 936 Board Foot Board Foot Price to Square Foot Price Board Foot Price x 1.231 = Square Foot Price Example: $1,900/M x 1.231 = $2.34/Square Feet Square Foot Price to Board Foot Price Square Foot Price x 0.8125 = Board Foot Price Example: $2.34/Square Foot x 0.8125 = $1,901/M Board Foot Note: Always round up Add 5% for Cutting Waste Strip T&G Nail Size Blind Nail Spacing 3/4" x 1-1/2", 2-1/4" and 3-1/4" T&G Must install over proper sub-floor. 2" barbed flooring cleat, 7d or 8d flooring nail,2" 15-gauge staples with 1/2"crowns. 10 - 12" apart, 8 - 10" preferred 1/2" x 1-1/2" and 2" Must install over proper sub-floor. 1-1/2" barbed flooring cleat, 5d screw,cut steel or wire casing nail. 10" apart 3/8" x 1-1/2" and 2" Must install over proper sub-floor. 1-1/4" barbed flooring cleat, 4d bright wire casing nail. 8" apart Square Edge-Flooring Nail Size Face Nail Spacing 5/16" x 1-1/2" and 2" Must install over proper sub-floor. 1" 15-gauge fully barbed flooring brad. 2 nails every 7" 5/16" x 1-1/3" Must install over proper sub-floor. 1" 15-gauge fully barbed flooring brad. 1 nail every 5" on alternate sides Plank Nail Size Nail Spacing 3/4" x 4" to 8" T&G Widths 4"+ must install over proper sub-floor. 2" barbed flooring cleat, 7d or 8d flooring nail or 2" 15-gauge staples with 1/2"crowns. Blind nail 8" apart. May require face nailing for additional fastening. Follow manufacturer’s instructions.
WARNING: All wire must be protected according to amp rating. Installation of electrical wire can be hazardous. The above information is general in application. Consult a professional engineer for special conditions. Always consult the National Electrical code and your local building/electrical inspector. Publisher is not liable for errors or omissions in this book. Always check your local building codes. ELECTRICAL WIRE Wire Sizes and Amp Ratings Copper AWG NM and UF 30°C (86°F) THHN, Use-2, XHHW-2 and SEU 90°C Copper 14-Gauge 15 amps 15 amps 12-Gauge 20 amps 20 amps 10-Gauge 30 amps 30 amps 8-Gauge 40 amps 55 amps 6-Gauge 55 amps 75 amps 4-Gauge 70 amps 95 amps 2-Gauge 95 amps 130 amps 1/0 — 170 amps 2/0 — 195 amps 3/0 — 225 amps 4/0 — 260 amps
QUALITY PRODUCTS
PROJECT SOLUTIONS
QUALITY PRODUCTS
PROJECT SOLUTIONS