non-ferrous metal vrt 3013 (1)

METAL

VRT 3013 TEKNOLOGI BAHAN

LECTURER : PROFESOR. MADYA DR. MOHAMED NOR AZHARI BIN AZMAN

TITLE E-BOOK : METAL (NON-FERROUS)

GROUP MEMBERS

NO NAME STUDENT ID
D20211100571
1. AMIR ABQARI BIN ABDUL HAKAM D20211100573
D20211100563
2. AHAMAD AFKAR AISY BIN ASRUL NIZAM D20211100561
D20211100570
3. NUR HAJAR BINTI ROSMADI D20211100572
D20211100559
4. NUR FARAHWAHIDA BINTI SHARUDDIN

5. SHARIFF MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN SHARIFF TAIB

6. MUAZ EIRFAN FIQRI BIN MUSTAPHA

7. MUHAMMAD HANIF BIN HUSSIN

INTRODUCTION

Metal is any of the elements with a positive electrical charge, typically with a
shiny surface and a good conductor of heat.

History of METALS METAL NON-FERROUS
An ore is a combination Primary base metal
of metal and other How metals are formed ? does not contain iron
elements such as oxygen, Metals are an integral part
sulfur and carbon, which of our planet and are found FERROUS
are removed by heating in almost all rocks and soils. Primary base is iron
the metal called smelting.

APPLICATION TOPIC RELATE

1. Aluminum for aircraft frames - Lightweight, durable,
strong and extremely flexible, aluminum has proven to
be the best material for the construction of
heavier-than-air aircraft. By weight, 80 percent of all
aircraft is now made of aluminum parts.

2. Titanium for golf club - Club designers realized
titanium is an amazingly strong, yet lightweight metal.
It’s 45 percent lighter than steel.

3. Zinc in electrical hardware - Zinc is a hard metal,
dimensionally stable and self-lubricating, and its
properties make it ideal for electrical and thermal
conductivity.

FUNDAMENTAL
OF VRT3013

DEFINITION NON-FERROUS METAL

Non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain
iron (Allotropes of iron ferrite) in appreciable amounts.

Non-ferrous metals are corrosion resistant and non-magnetic.

Non-ferrous metals were the first metals used by humans for
metallurgy.

T The symbol for aluminium is Al, and t
I its atomic number is 13. Aluminium is i
N the most abundant metal. It is a t
mononuclidic element. a
A chemical element belonging to n
the carbon family, Group 14 (IVa) a i
of the periodic table. It is a soft, l u
silvery white metal with a bluish u m
tinge, known to the ancients in m
bronze, an alloy with copper. i A silvery gray metal of Group 4 (IVb)
n of the periodic table. Titanium is a
i lightweight,high-strength,low-corrosi
u on structural metal and is used in
m alloy form for parts in high-speed
aircraft.

EXAMPLE OF NON-FERROUS METAL

Z A metallic chemical element that is N
I easily formed into sheets and wires I
N and is one of the best known C
C conductors of heat and electricity K
E
A bluish white metal that C L
tarnishes only slightly in O
moist air and is used mostly P A silver-white hard malleable
to make alloys and to give P ductile metallic element capable of
iron and steel a protective E a high polish and resistant to
coating. R corrosion that is used chiefly in
alloys and as a catalyst

EXAMPLE OF NON-FERROUS METAL

CHARACTERISTIC ❖ Colourful

❖ High corrosion resistance

❖ Easy to fabricate – ❖ Great thermal conductivity
machinability, casting,
welding etc ❖ Great electrical
conductivity

❖ Low density (less mass)

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

❖ High conductivity ❖ Relative high density.
❖ Light weight ❖ Low electrical
❖ Good castability
❖ Good formality conductivity.
❖ Non magnetic property ❖ Inherent susceptibility to

corrosion.
❖ No magnetic attraction -

nonferrous metals are not
magnetically attractive
❖ High cost

Types of metal Characteristic Application

Tin White colour like silver To coat food container
and material solder

Aluminium White like silver Aerospace industry,
Easy to cast and machine structure
Good electric conductor construction, window
Ductile and can malleable or door frame.

CRITICAL IDEA

Is aluminum safe to use for
cooking And food storage ?

1. HIGH TEMPERATURES AFFECT ALUMINUM BEING ABSORBED
INTO FOOD

❖ Researchers have found that cooking in aluminum foil is not
safe because the food comes into direct contact with the metal.

❖ Since aluminum foil and baking sheets are not food-grade
materials, this means the metal when exposed to heat and high
temperature, can leach aluminum into your food.

- it is best to avoid cooking with aluminum and aluminum foil
products.

reference
https://my.cnxinmingyu.com/aluminum-foil/household-aluminum-foil/aluminium-foil-in-food-packaging.html

2. If you cook and store food using aluminum foil or
similar products, you likely will increase the amount of
aluminum accumulating in your body. The amount of
aluminum that passes into your food when cooking with
aluminum foil is affected by several things, such as:

❖ Temperature: Cooking at higher temperatures
❖ Foods: Cooking with acidic foods, such as tomatoes, red

meat, lemon/lemon juice, and cabbage
❖ Certain ingredients: Leaching levels climb even more

when salt and spice are added to food that’s cooked in
aluminum foil.

NOW YOU KNOW !

Why you shouldn’t wrap your food in
aluminium foil before cooking it ???

Aluminium doesn’t just appear in foil:

● Human bodies can excrete small amounts of aluminium very efficiently. This
means that minimal exposure to aluminium is not a problem: the World Health
Organisation has established a safe daily intake of 40 mg per kilogram of body
weight per day. So for a person who weighs 60kg the allowable intake would be
2400 mg.
● leaching levels climb even more when spice is added to food
that’s cooked in aluminium foil. Anything acidic sparks a
particularly aggressive process that dissolves layers of
aluminium into food.

"Many pots are even made using reused aluminium, which is even
worse. But if any aluminium pots are scratched, the leaching
process is even quicker," - Ghada Bassioni

https://youtu.be/MqdqEqEMHhQ

TOXICITY & HEALTH CONCERTS OF ALUMINUM

❖ Alzheimer’s disease - is a neurological condition caused by a loss of brain cells.
People with the condition experience memory loss and a reduction in brain function.
High levels of aluminum have been found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s.

❖ Aluminum is found in breast milk, but only a small amount of this aluminum will
enter the infant’s body through breastfeeding.

❖ Children with kidney problems who were given aluminum in their medical treatments
developed bone diseases. It does not appear that children are more sensitive to
aluminum than adults.

❖ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the obtained values considered
to be unacceptable. Finally, excessive consumption of aluminum from leaching
aluminum foil has an extreme health risk effects. Aluminum foil may be used for
packing but not for cooking.
https://youtu.be/jVZQalp2tiM

Aluminum foil linked to osteoporosis and alzheimer’s

Dr Fathia Mohammed and Dr ● At high doses, the metal can accumulate in the bones
Essam Zubaidy, researchers and brain. Aluminium absorption into the body has been
at American University of linked with Alzheimer's and osteoporosis.
Sharjah's chemical
engineering department, A circular piece of foil 22 cm across leached 100mg of
found that one meal cooked aluminium into the food cooked on it - "too much for one
in aluminium can have up to family of three to ingest", said Dr Mohammed.
400mg of the metal.
● One of the main dangers of long-term aluminium
absorption is osteoporosis. Because aluminium has
similar properties to calcium, it can be absorbed into the
structure of bones. It can also be deposited in brain
tissue, which is thought to be linked to Alzheimer's
disease.

https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/aluminium-foil
-linked-to-osteoporosis-and-alzheimer-s-1.364236

AVOIDING ALUMINIUM EXPOSURE TO FOOD

❖ Avoid high-heat cooking: Cook your foods at lower
temperatures when possible.

❖ Stop cooking with aluminum foil: Stop your use of
aluminum foil for cooking, especially if cooking with
acidic foods, like tomatoes, meat, or lemons. Avoid lining
trays to cook or roast in the oven, just use a safe pan and
lightly coat with oil if you need.

❖ Avoid drinking canned drinks like soda

❖ For example, one study found that cooking red meat in
aluminum foil could increase its aluminum content by
between 89% and 378%.

PLEASE AVOID !

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/aluminum-foil-cooking#TOC_TITLE_HDR_5

Suggestions

Research suggests that aluminium foil should not be used for
cooking.

● we’d recommend using glassware or porcelain when
preparing baked dishes. It’s safe to wrap cold food in foil,
though not for long stretches of time because food has a
shelf life and because aluminium in the foil will begin to
leach into the food depending on ingredients like spices.

● The pair have investigated foil from China, India and Egypt,
publishing four papers on their work. The most recent, in
May's International Journal of Electrochemical Science,
concluded that aluminium foil should be used only for
packing, not cooking.

CONCLUSION

Based on the long history of the great effort on the metal development,
production technologies and demand development, high quality materials and
products are produced with efficiency. Despite the various benefits of
aluminium in our daily life, these still can't hide the truth of bad effects it can
bring to human consumption. Exposure to aluminum is usually not harmful, but
exposure to high levels can cause serious health problems. It is a poison that
acts on the nervous system and has been linked to several serious health
problems. Aluminum accumulates in the kidneys, brain, lungs, liver and
thyroid where it competes with calcium for absorption and can affect skeletal
mineralization. Aluminum is linked to degenerative brain diseases. We must
avoid to use the aluminium that can give us adverse effect. So even the
aluminum is not safe for us, we still use it for our daily life.

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THANKYOU