AJSAHistoryVol2Iss2 September 2017

Clifton Corps was opened on 20 August 1913 and the first officers were Captain Jessie Butler-Nixon
and Lieutenant Banks.59 A part of a letter written by Mrs Envoy Johnson and published in Under the
Tricolour discussed Allora and included the following about Clifton, “… in 1910 when Captain
Crowther was CO [corps officer], at Allora, an attempt was made to start a Corps at Clifton, but was
not successful, because of the cold weather”.60 Meetings were first held in a local hall and later in a
disused Cash Store, owned by R. I. McConnell situated on Fisher Street. The last officer to Clifton
Corps was appointed 26 July 1928 and after she left the corps was supported by the Allora officers.
This continued until at least 1944.61

Swanfels Outpost

Swanfels Outpost Hall.62
Swanfels Outpost commenced when Mr. John Head was forced to retire from his ministry as an
officer of The Salvation Army and commenced meetings. He conducted both Sunday School and
meetings in his barn.63 A hall was constructed by the Army’s builder, Captain Hoff in 1914. Articles
about the building of the hall are found in the Warwick Examiner & Times64 and Brisbane Courier
where it was stated that, “As soon as the hall now being erected in Swanfels is completed, The
Salvation Army builder will commence the erection of a hall at Redbank.”65 After the cessation of
the outpost in 1935, the Swanfels hall was transported to Killarney and used there for a time. Its final
demise was at the hands of Major Gilham and some friends, who demolished it and transported it to
the Warwick Corps. The timbers were used in the extension of the hall in Warwick and gave the corps
a room for Primary and a kitchen in 1950.66

59 The Salvation Army Heritage Centre, Sydney.
60 Under the Tricolour, (Sydney, No. 32), 12.
61 Clifton Museum and Historical Society, Clifton.
62 Photograph of hall at Killarney, originally built at Swanfels, taken from Under The Tricolour, (Sydney, No. 30), 7.
63 Head Family History.
64 Warwick Examiner & Times, (Warwick, Saturday, 7 March 1914).
65 Brisbane Courier, (Brisbane, 21 March 1914), 5.
66 Warwick Corps History Book, 39, 40.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 51

Oakey and Crow’s Nest

The only information that has been found after some research into The Salvation Army in Oakey and
Crow’s Nest comes from an article in the Darling Downs Gazette of 1921. The article stated:

Lieutenant – Colonel William MacKenzie, D.C. of The Salvation Army Queensland, wrote a letter
to the Jondaryan Shire Council at its meeting yesterday stating that it was the intention of the
Army to re-erect a hall as a place of worship in the main area of Oakey. The dimensions of the
hall (which is being brought from Crows’ Nest) are 31½ feet x 17½ feet. The Army the letter
states, was adding, a new front to the hall of dressed boards, the sides and back of hardwood, and
the roof of corrugated iron. The council decided to reply that it had no objection providing the
customary regulations were observed.67

Texas Outpost

Building which housed the Texas Outpost68

Texas Outpost opened on 22 August 1954 and the first and only officer at this outpost was Lieutenant
Alan Armstrong. He was posted to the Warwick Corps to assist with the work in country areas.69
Before Armstrong was sent there, the Warwick Corps history book recorded that a survey of Texas
had been done with the result that “there was little chance of success”.70 After arriving in Texas in
June, Armstrong set about making seats, painting and cleaning the area to be used. He started Home
League, Shop League, and Religious Instructions at the school. He also arranged Sunday School and
other activities for the children. When interviewed, he said that he and the children made a boat out
of two old car bonnets and managed to get it water tight, they rowed it from one side to the other of
the nearby Dumerseq River. This took them from Queensland to New South Wales and back.71 In
January 1955 the Warwick Corps History Book recorded that “regretfully the flag was taken down at
Texas and returned, as no officer [was] appointed to maintain the work in the area”.72 However in an
interview with staff at the Texas Historical Museum, I was told that the son of Mrs Lunn had visited
Texas two years before and spoke of the Salvation Man who taught the children choruses and songs,
some of which he still remembered.73

67 Darling Downs Gazette, (Toowoomba, Saturday 17 December 1921), 8.
68 Photograph courtesy of the Texas Historical Society, 2010.
69 Warwick Corps History Book, 47.
70 Interview with Allan Armstrong and Robert Marshall, 2009.
71 Interview with Allan Armstrong and Robert Marshall, 2009.
72 Warwick Corps History Book, 48.
73 Texas Historical Society, 2010.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 52

THE SALVATION ARMY; A “SURPRISE AND WONDER OF ALL”

William (Bill) Allott

The ChristChurch Cathedral1 has been the centre-piece of life in Christchurch, New Zealand for more
than a century. It featured prominently in Christian celebrations, tourist publicity and in marking
major events in the nation’s history. That all ended abruptly with the damage done to the cathedral in
earthquakes on 22 February 2011 with their numerous aftershocks through to 23 December 2011.
From 15 August 2013 Anglicans and others have worshipped in a transitional “cardboard” Cathedral
and the ChristChurch Cathedral was de-consecrated on 9 November. After much discussion to rebuild
or restore the Cathedral it was announced on 9 September 2017 that the “Cathedral will be rebuilt to
its basic design, but will be strengthened for future quakes and improved with better heating and
seating.”2

The damaged Cathedral was built between 1864 and 1904. Its building process was drawn out
by a lack of finance, a change in architects, a redesign from a wooden to a stone structure and three
earthquakes that damaged mostly the spire in 1881, 1888 and 1901.3 On completion, the ChristChurch
Cathedral was consecrated on 1 November 1904 by the Primate of New Zealand, Bishop Samuel
Nevill. He had a concern for the social work of the church and was committed to its role in education.4
The occasion was reported in The Press, a Christchurch newspaper, along with a detailed reflection
of the Primate’s sermon.

The Salvation Army and the Cathedral

Surprisingly, his Lordship made reference to The Salvation Army at the consecration of the cathedral.
He said the Army was “largely outside the Church’s bonds, the surprise and wonder of all” and he
referred to it as “that strange organisation”. However, the point he was making was complimentary
in nature. He affirmed that the Army was a challenge to the Anglican Church which had forgotten to
do good, love mercy and focus on the real condition of the poor. Bishop Nevill’s reported words were:

The Salvation Army, largely outside the church’s bonds, the surprise and wonder of all, what was it
but a witness that in the centuries past the Church was so much engrossed with controversy that she
forgot to do good, and to love mercy, and dismissed whole armies of her workers, lost the Diaconate,
refused sisterhoods, and neglected or observed not the real condition of the poor. The Church had been
trying to recover lost ground indeed, but that strange organisation proved nothing more clearly than
that the Church was only partially awake, and that many more special agents were required. For his
part, he was bold to say that overtures of friendship should be made to the heads of The Salvation
Army with a view to some form of alliance which, while it might give assurance of continuance to
them, might leave the clergy more free from the serving of tables, and less disturbed in the application

Reference citation of this paper
William Allott, “The Salvation Army; A surprise and wonder of all”, The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army
History, 2, 2, 2017, 53-59.
1 Please note that there is also a Christ Church Cathedral in Nelson at the top of the South Island of New Zealand. In the
media the Cathedral is referred to as Christchurch Cathedral, Christ Church Cathedral and ChristChurch Cathedral. The
latter appears to be the correct official version – see www.cathedralconversations.co.nz/*/. This format is used in the
Anglican Life Magazine, the official news publication of the Anglican Diocese of Christchurch.
2 It was also announced that “the rebuild is expected to take 10 years and cost $NZ104 million”. “New Zealand to
rebuild Christchurch Cathedral more than six years after deadly earthquake”, ABCNews, (Australia, 10 September 2017,
4:00pm), ¶ 7, 8, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-09/new-zealand-to-rebuild-quake-damaged-christchurch-
cathedral/8888732, accessed 10 September 2017.
3 ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch, Wikipedia, (last modified 24 May 2017),
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral,_Christchurch accessed on 25 May 2017.
4 Bishop Samual Tarratt Nevill www.teara.govt.nz/en/biograhies/2n8/nevill-samuel-tarratt

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 53

ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch, New Zealand prior to the earthquakes in 2011
which destroyed the spire and front façade.5

5 Photograph courtesy of Garth R. Hentzschel.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 54

of the Divine charismata. He should like to see a great Army gathering in the Christchurch Cathedral.
The Bishop could address them movingly, and they perhaps may learn that if they were to live and do
Christians’ work it would not be by tearing themselves to pieces with loud outcries and physical
emotion, but by organic union with the body of Christ.6

It’s difficult to understand what was in the bishop’s mind when he said that the Church had
“dismissed whole armies of her workers, lost the Diaconate [and] refused sisterhoods” but the thrust
of his sermon at this point was clear. He proposed that The Salvation Army’s primary role could be
to undertake the work of deacons who administered the charity of the Church. He didn’t seem to
recognise that Salvationists also had a spiritual ministry, defined by him as the application of the
Divine charismata. Under his proposal that would remain the prerogative of the Anglican priesthood.

When The Salvation Army commenced in Christchurch on 20 May 1883 its primary purpose
was the advancement of the salvation war through the proclamation of the gospel. At the first evening
evangelistic meeting in the Gaiety Theatre, there was considerable disturbance the whole time.
Captain Edward Wright appealed to those present, saying the Army was “advocating no political
movement, it came to interfere with no one, but [wanted] simply to tell the old Gospel story which
you all know so well [sic].”7 These early evangelists were convinced that a conversion experience
could fully address prevailing community sins of drunkenness and moral debauchery. Meeting social
need in a structured way was yet to emerge as a focus of Salvation Army ministry.

New Zealand was in the midst of a “Long Depression” that had started with falling wool prices
in 1877. It continued as part of a world-wide recession until 1893. When the Army arrived there had
already been some response to social issues by government, church and non-government agencies.

A Destitute Person’s Ordinance had been enacted in 1846. It was repealed as the Destitute
Person’s Act in 1877, 1883 and 1894. Its fundamental expectation was that immigrants would
provide for themselves and their families. In Christchurch, a Female Home was started in 1863.
It was initially called the Christchurch Home for Servants of Respectable Character. It had closed
five years later. A House of Refuge for women had opened in 1864 under the auspices of the
Anglican Church and it continued until 1918. Some social needs were being addressed and a key
component was the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board that had met in Christchurch for the first
time in July 1878. It was responsible for allocating government money to hospitals, homes and
individuals.8

The Army’s early social work

The Salvation Army was founded by William Booth whose early life in Nottingham and his work as
a pawnbroker made him alert to urban poverty. But prior to 1883 the Army’s international social
response was informal and somewhat tentative. Roger Green commented:

The Christian Mission [the Army’s forerunner] had no organized social ministry, save the Food-

6 “Consecration of Christ Church Cathedral”, The Press, (Christchurch, 2 November 1904), 7.
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19041102.2.43. It is unlikely that Bishop Nevill was aware that in
March 1882, 400 Salvationists had attended, by invitation, a service at St Paul’s, Holgate, London. On 12 May that
same year a committee of Church of England leaders met to consider how far The Salvation Army could be attached to
the Church. Discussions followed with William Booth but nothing came of these. See Fredrick Coutts, No discharge in
this war - A one volume history of The Salvation Army, (London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton, 1974), 96.; also a column
headed “Our London Letter, 14 July 1882”, Otago Daily Times, (Dunedin, 22 August 1882), 3. The writer observes that
more wide-awake prelates were anxious to turn The Salvation Army into an auxiliary of the Church.
7 “The Salvation Army in Christchurch”, The Press, (Christchurch, 21 May 1883), 3.
8 William Allott, Community Ministry in Central Christchurch 1883-2012, (Christchurch, New Zealand: The Salvation
Army, n.d.), 5 from www.salvationarmy.org.nz/centres/nz/canterbury/christchurch-city-corps accessed on 7 April 2017.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 55

for-the-Millions program, administered by Bramwell Booth and James Flawn, which ran from
1870 to 1874. Each Mission preaching station tried to meet human need as much as possible, but
no organized, centrally controlled ministry to the poor was undertaken in those days except for
that Food-for-the-Millions program. What moved William and Catherine Booth as they surveyed
Whitechapel Road in East London was that men and women were living their lives in rebellion
against God. They were sinners who needed to be saved, and the preaching of both Booths called
sinners to repentance and raised up saints in the way intended by God. Once The Christian
Mission was established, its missions were called preaching stations, and the purpose of the
Mission was to save sinners and raise up saints after the model provided by William and Catherine
Booth and George Scott Railton and others. This emphasis was continued after the founding of
The Salvation Army in 1878. The Booths were not unsympathetic to the physical plight of people,
but that aspect of ministry was relatively unimportant to them initially.9

Even when The Christian Mission bought the People’s Market in East London for use as a
People’s Mission Hall in 1870, its operation of a pre-existing soup kitchen was more because it
existed and could be used to feed people attending meetings rather than signalling the adoption of a
policy of providing cheap food. In this context William Booth wrote, “People are starving in Poplar.
It is impossible to visit them without the means of relieving them …. I had thought of giving up the
soup kitchen, but …. the soup and bread are all that many poor creatures have to eat the day
through.”10

ChristChurch Cathedral damaged by earthquakes
throughout 2011. Photograph taken 20 January 2013.11

So what had changed by 1904 to cause the Anglican primate to adopt his view of The Salvation
Army? As an application of holiness teaching, individual Salvationists had opened their own homes
to converts and others in need of support. However, the Army’s earliest official social centre was a
Prison Gate Home opened by James Barker in a small four-room house in Melbourne on 8 December
1883.12

Salvation Army social work commenced in England with the opening of a Rescue Home for
women at Whitechapel in 1884 and it wouldn’t be until 1 December 1887 that William Booth would
challenge his son, Bramwell, to do something for men sleeping under London Bridge. William told
him, “Get hold of a warehouse and warm it and find something to cover the poor fellows. But mind,

9 Roger Green, Why Social Holiness, (International Social Justice Commission, The Salvation Army, 2000-2017), Part
three “Social Holiness in Army History and Theology”, ¶ 3, from
http://www1.salvationarmy.org/IHQ/www_ihq_isjc.nsf/vw-
print/3799C9D3162B0396802578AF004DA791?openDocument accessed 7 April 2017.
10 Coutts, No discharge in this war, 25.; The original source of the William Booth quote is not indicated.
11 Photograph courtesy of Kingsley Sampson.
12 Cited in Robert Sandall, The History of The Salvation Army, Volume 3, (Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., 1955), 5; and
in Barbara Bolton, Booth's Drum: The Salvation Army in Australia 1880-1980, (Hodder and Stoughton, 1980), 108.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 56

Bramwell, no coddling!”13 This led on to his scheme to address the prevailing social conditions as
outlined in his 1890 book, In darkest England and the way out.14 This book was favourably reviewed
by William Pember Reeves in the Lyttleton Times of New Zealand.15 In the preface to his book
William Booth wrote:

Now I propose to go straight for these sinking classes, and in doing so shall continue to aim at the
heart. …. It will be seen, therefore, that in this or in any other development that may follow, I
have no intention to depart in the smallest degree from the main principles on which I have acted
in the past. My only hope for the permanent deliverance of mankind from misery either in this
world or the next, is the regeneration or remaking of the individual by the power of the Holy
Ghost through Jesus Christ. But in providing for the relief of temporal misery I reckon I am only
making it easy where it is now difficult and possible where it is now impossible, for men and
women to find their way to the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.16

Bishop Nevill was the Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Dunedin, 1871-1919, so he would
have been there when in 1891 Booth had addressed a group of prominent citizens regarding the
“Darkest England” plan.17 Booth visited New Zealand again in 1895 and 1899 and there’s every
reason to believe that the Primate would have been aware of the Army’s developing social response.

In Christchurch, the first Salvation Army Female Rescue Home in New Zealand was opened in
a house at 10 Peterborough Street in October 1885. At that time the National Headquarters was
situated in Christchurch.

Acknowledgement for The Salvation Army’s social work

From July 1891, Receiving Home officers visited the Christchurch courts to support and offer help to
women charged with crimes, along with their relatives and friends. Nearly five years later, in January
1896, the first report appeared of a wrongdoer to be given into the care of the Army in New Zealand.
The female first-time offender was charged with drunkenness. She was in a helpless condition and
had a child with her, just a few months old. Her husband had gone up-country to work. The woman
appeared to be ill and the captain of The Salvation Army volunteered to take charge of her and her
child. The Bench agreed and she was committed to the Rescue Home.18

From October 1896 to the end of the 19th century the Magistrate and Police Courts often
assigned people to the care of The Salvation Army for minor offences of drunkenness, theft and
vagrancy. Women who were first offenders were thus committed and sometimes specific terms of
residence, three and even as much as 12 months, were set by the bench. Few men criminals were
assigned to the Army as their misdemeanour’s often included assault for which they were more likely
to be fined, or in default, imprisoned.

At the Anglican Synod in October 1899 the Bishop of Christchurch had observed, “We do not
care for many aspects of the ‘Corybantic Christianity’ of The Salvation Army; yet we know not where
in New Zealand we can find such genuine religious fervour as in the despised ranks of this humble

13 Sandall, The History of The Salvation Army, Volume 3, 68.
14 William Booth, In Darkest England and The Way Out, (London, UK: International Headquarters of The Salvation
Army, 1890).
15 Cited in Cyril Bradwell, Fight the good fight, (A.H. and A.W. Reed Ltd., 1982), 52.
16 Booth, In darkest England, Preface, n.p..; “Religious apathy in New Zealand.” The Press, (Christchurch, NZ, 18
October 1899), 4.
17 Cited in Bradwell, Fight the good fight, 59.
18 “Drunkenness”, The Star, (Christchurch, 10 January 1896), 3.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 57

organisation.”19
Acknowledgement of the value of the social work of the Army was implied on 31 January 1900

when The Salvation Army in New Zealand was incorporated as a Registered Charitable Trust.
When a proposal to set up a Society for the Protection of Women and Children was put to a

Stipendiary Magistrate at the end of 1900, he said,

I see no real objection to these societies. There are several very discreet and capable women who
frequent this Court and assist me to a very great extent in dealing with a particular class of cases
(cruelty to women and children). Some of the women members of The Salvation Army are of
great assistance to a Magistrate. In fact, I don’t know how I would deal with such cases without
them.20

At the beginning of June 1901 Commandant Herbert Booth addressed the Army’s Social Annual
Meeting in the Theatre Royal in the presence of mayors from the city and surrounding boroughs. The
Mayor of Christchurch, A. E. G. Rhodes, said he was “only too glad to bear testimony to the excellent
work done in Christchurch. The Army did quite as much work, if not more than any of the Churches,
especially among the poorer classes.” The Commandant expressed his appreciation of the Mayor’s
remarks for there had been days when such words were few and far between. “Since the Army had
prospered previous hostile critics now bore testimony to the excellent work done by the Army. … in
the ever-increasing war between labour and capital the weaker were in danger of falling,” he said.21

The Commandant was possibly more upbeat than the situation warranted. Although the Army’s
social services were mostly welcomed, that was not always the case with its outdoor evangelistic
endeavours.

At a meeting of the City Council in October 1900 a petition was read from the cab-men and
drag owners, who used stands in Cathedral Square, asking the Council to compel The Salvation Army
to hold their meetings elsewhere, owing to the danger to life and limb caused by the band and the
flashing lights making the horses restive. It was suggested that the Army should move closer to the
Post Office and it had no objection to that.22

A Salvation Army Maori Troupe was advertised to perform hakas and songs in support of the
Self-Denial Fund. This resulted in a City Inspector discussing the licensing of the Army Barracks. A
compromise was arrived at and the performance was allowed to take place. However a summons was
issued which the Army contested on the grounds that other churches advertised festivals, meetings,
sacred concerts and so forth in their buildings for which they charged admission at their doors.
Christchurch was the only place in the colony where the Army was asked to license its buildings.23

Just 11 months before the cathedral was consecrated Major Williams, the officer in charge of
the Christchurch Corps, was imprisoned for 24 hours on refusal in principle to pay a fine of 10
shillings plus costs on a charge of causing people to collect in Hereford Street by holding meetings
there.24 There was a report, however, in the same issue of The Press of a woman from Little River
who was remanded in the Magistrates Court for theft “and taken charge of in the meantime by The
Salvation Army”!25

By 1904, when the ChristChurch Cathedral was consecrated, the Army in New Zealand could

19 “Religious apathy in New Zealand”, The Press, (Christchurch, 18 October 1899), 4.
20 “Cruelty to women and children”, The Press, (Christchurch, 24 November 1900), 10.
21 “Salvation Army, Social Annual Meeting”, The Press, (Christchurch, 1 June 1901), 9.
22 “The Salvation Army and the City Council”, The Press, (Christchurch, 24 October 1900), 3.
23 “The Salvation Army and the City Council”, The Press, (Christchurch, 24 October 1900), 3.
24 “News of the day”, The Press, (Christchurch, 9 December 1903), 7.
25 “Magistrate’s Court, Theft”, The Press, (Christchurch, 9 December 1903), 3.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 58

boast four rescue homes for women, two night shelters for men, three maternity homes, two prison
gate and industrial centres, a girls’ home and a Peoples’ Palace that offered cheap accommodation.26

The Army in the Cathedral

Bishop Nevill’s final hopeful comment about The Salvation Army, “I should like to see a great
Army gathering in the Christchurch Cathedral”, came to be fulfilled during centenary celebrations of
the Christchurch City Corps. On the evening of Friday 13 May 1983 the City Corps band and soldiers
marched down Colombo Street to Cathedral Square. They were joined by other Christchurch
Salvationists with their bands for an open air meeting on the steps of the Cathedral. Bramwell Cook
wrote of the event;

On Centenary Day, Friday, 20 May 1983 a southerly storm lashed the city as Salvationists and
friends gathered at 7.30pm to unveil a bronze plaque on sacred ground on the north side of
Christchurch Cathedral, in remembrance of the commencement of The Salvation Army in
Christchurch. As the skies continued to weep this ceremony was transferred to within the
Cathedral. Divisional Commander Major Raymond Ford read out the inscription on the plaque,
and then prayed for God’s blessing to be showered on the Army. The inscription on this memorial
read: ‘On May 20th 1883, The Salvation Army “opened fire” in the Gaiety Theatre near this site.
Dedicated to the glory of God, 1983.’ In the service of thanksgiving that followed, Dean Maurice
Goodall, in his speech of welcome, underlined the evidence seen that day of the brotherhood of
believers in Christ. He also challenged the Army not to be bound by its rituals. Major Raymond
Ford presented the Dean with a Salvation Army flag. To the strains of ‘Salvation, Shout Salvation’
echoing through the Cathedral the Dean graciously accepted the flag and laid it on the high altar.
The Army once ridiculed in Christchurch had now been given the highest honour the Cathedral
could bestow.27

The flag presented to the Dean hung proudly with other banners in the Cathedral up to the time of the
Canterbury earthquakes. The Salvation Army may have entered inside “the Church’s bonds”, but with
the Army’s joint social and spiritual ministry it is hoped that it is still “the surprise and wonder of all”.

Salvation Army plaque in Cathedral Square
Square on a low garden wall to the north of the

ChristChurch Cathedral.
Photograph taken on 8 August, 2013.28

26 Bill Allott, “Salvation Army NZ Social Centres 1883-1983”, (Bill Allott Blog, Tuesday, 7 July 2015),
http://billallott.blogspot.com.au/search/label/Salvation%20Army%20History%20NZ accessed on 25 May 2017.
27 H. Bramwell Cook, Think on these things, (Christchurch, New Zealand: The Salvation Army Christchurch City
Corps, 2008), 98. In 2017 the bronze plaque was prominently displayed in Cathedral Square on a low garden wall to the
north of The Cenotaph.
28 Photograph courtesy of Kingsley Sampson.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 59

BOOK REVIEW
A BLOOD AND GUTS GOOD NEWS STORY

Reviewed by
Robert Marshall
Peter Pearson, A blood and guts good news story, (Queensland, Australia: Peter Pearson and In-
House Publishing, 2014), 161 pp. ISBN: 9780994374585. Available from the author1 or In-house
Publishing2 for A$20.00 + Postage.

Cover of the book
This book was written in a form which drew the reader into and gave insight to some of the aspects
of the life of the author, Peter Pearson a retired Salvation Army officer. Its style was similar to a
“testimony” or “sharing” time as given in a traditional Salvation Army meeting.

The openness of Pearson both in the dark periods of his life and those periods which may seem
amusing to the reader, are real. The stories and how they were presented led the reader not only to
appreciate Pearson’s story, but to relate these stories to portions of their own life. Readers are
encouraged to examine similarities and compare their actions, responses and outcomes to those of the
author’s.

Pearson also used portions of scripture to help readers to be encouraged and to be open to ask
for help. He also worked to dispel the theory some Christians have, that the “Christ like life” is always
an easy path, yet at the same time encouraged the reader not to be afraid of taking the path of
commitment to Christ.

The book may be viewed by some as a modern-day psalm, such as David wrote, giving praise
to God for all of the life experiences. In this, the author openly reveals the events which have come
together to make Peter Pearson the man he is.

Reference citation of this paper
Robert Marshall, “Book review, A blood and guts good news story”, The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army
History, 2, 2, 2017, 60.
1 The author has established a website in connection to the book. The book can also be purchased through this website
www.peterallanpearson.com
2 The website for this publisher is www.inhousepublishing.com.au

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 60

HISTORIC BOOK REVIEW
ST. JOHN ERVINE’S A JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM

AND CONNECTIONS TO WILLIAM BOOTH.

Reviewed by
Garth R. Hentzschel

St. John Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, (London, UK: Hamish Hamilton, 1936), 366 pp.

Title page of the book

Most book reviews discuss and analyse the merits of a newly published book; however, this review
presents a discussion on St. John Ervine’s 1936 edition of A journey to Jerusalem. The purchase
was made at a Lifeline Book FairTM in Brisbane, Queensland but the book can also be uploaded as a
PDF file from Internet ArchivesTM.1 At first glance the book has nothing to do with The Salvation
Army; however upon closer inspection it revealed two links. Firstly, the author had written the two-
volume biography of William Booth, God’s Soldier: General William Booth2 and secondly, the
book under review showed some relationship of the author to William Booth.

Salvationists interested in Salvation Army history or its founder, William Booth will have
read Ervine’s biography of the Founder but may know little of its author. John Greer Irvine (pen
name St. John Ervine) was born during 1883 in a working-class suburb of East Belfast, Northern
Ireland. He left school at the age of 15 and became an insurance clerk, firstly in Belfast and then
when he moved to London in 1901. While in London he became a member of the Fabian Society,
an organisation whose purpose was to advance democratic socialism and social reform via gradual
social change. During this time he also became involved in the theatre, but his intense criticism of
plays made him unpopular. He served with the Dublin Fusiliers during World War One and was
wounded in Flanders where he lost one of his legs. Ervine authored over forty books and plays, both
fiction and nonfiction with titles including: Novels, Alice and a family, The foolish lovers, The first
Mrs. Fraser; Plays, Jane Clegg, People of our class; and Political studies, If I were dictator. In
1934 Ervine’s two volume biography of William Booth was published. It is interesting that Ervine
had a similar heritage and ideals to that of George Bernard Shaw (G.B.S.); another author and

Reference citation of this paper
Garth R. Hentzschel, “Historic book review, St. John Ervine’s, A journey to Jerusalem and connections to
William Booth”, The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, 2, 2, 2017, 61-65.
1 Internet Archives, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175732 accessed 25 May 2017.
2 St. John Ervine, God’s Soldier: General William Booth, 2 Volumes, (London, UK: William Henemann, 1934).

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 61

playwright linked to William Booth. Ervine also communicated with Shaw on a number of matters
and wrote a biography on him.3

A journey to Jerusalem received many reviews at the time of publication. One review was
titled; “A critic goes on a journey” and thus expressed the writing style of the book. It was not
merely a tourist writing of their journey, but a cynic criticising elements of the journey and the
destination. The reviewer commented that the;

… book is, surprisingly, a travel book, but an individual and personal travel book in which the
journey serves merely as a prop upon which to hang erudite impressions and opinions on
everything, almost, under the sun.4

Never a truer comment was made as it often appeared that the book was written by one we would
now describe as ‘a grumpy old man’. The reviewer even commented that, “the things that Ervine
disapproves of would fill a book.”5 This was the book he filled.

Another reviewer wrote a warning about the book and stated that;

… those who cannot tolerate the cynic should certainly not look for enlightenment or
entertainment in Mr. Ervine’s book. He is nothing if he is not a cynic. He scorns anonymity and
impersonality, and many would describe him as egotist; at all events he enjoys himself as much
as do his readers, and in parts his outlook would do honour to “G.B.S.” himself.6

Despite these comments the book was to become one of the three best sellers in London by the end
of 1936.7

The map on the inside covers of the book showed the route and ports visited by the author. At
each point, Ervine critically describes the scene and the political and cultural peculiarities of the
place. Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and Palestine are all exposed to the same irreverent
monolog. Ervine’s monolog also showed his train of thought which, which sprouting from the
sights, sounds and smells opened to him often led on to many different tangents.

The map in the cover of the book showed the journey the author took.8

3 Sullivan, Robert, The Modernist Journals Project - St. John Ervine 1883-1971, (Brown University and The University
of Tulsa, n.d.), from
http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=mjp.2005.01.015 accessed on 19 October 2012.
4 “A Critic Goes On A Journey”, The Advertiser, (NSW, Saturday 30 January 1937), 10.
5 “A Critic Goes On A Journey”, The Advertiser, (NSW, Saturday 30 January 1937), 10.
6 “Novels and Other Books”, The Mercury, (Hobart, Saturday 5 June 1937), 8.
7 “Best Sellers In London”, The West Australian (WA, Saturday 12 December 1936), 6.
8 St. John Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, (London, UK: Hamish Hamilton, 1936), inside covers of the book.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 62

The book was very politically incorrect as gender, politics, culture and religion are all
belittled by Ervine’s cynicism. Of females he encountered on the journey, he commented on his
disappointed encounters with plain and less than beautiful women in the ports around the
Mediterranean. This bought up questions about women’s spirituality. He stated that, “women are
queer about religion and are seldom happy until they have reduced it to superstition.”9 Of politics,
Ervine attacked the British over their broken promise against the Jews when they turned to support
the Arabs. Against cultures, he declared that Jews and not the Arabs were more capable of running
the land successfully.10 The commentary in the book against organised religion was also
problematic to the Christian and especially Catholic faith. Ervine described Jerusalem as
“Christianity’s worst advertisement: a terrible anti-climax. It swarms with beggars and cadgers and
whiners of every sort.”11 For these and other comments a reviewer wrote that the book “will
perhaps be unpopular with some Protestants and Catholics for his views on the New Testament,”
yet went on to state “his criticisms are so delightfully done and so thought provoking that even
violent disagreement can be a pleasure.”12

The book included photographs of the author, some of his travelling associates, local people,
some of the ‘tourist attractions’ as well as an etching by Fred Richards of the Holy City.

Jerusalem from the Damascus Gate
From the etching by Fred Richards13
The book gave a clear insight into the mind and beliefs of one of William Booth’s
biographers, but it also gave a glimpse into Ervine’s feelings towards the Booths, especially
William Booth. One reviewer of Ervine’s biography on William Booth wrote:

9 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 212.
10 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 303-304.
11 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 330.
12 “Novels and Other Books”, The Mercury, (Hobart, Saturday 5 June 1937), 8.
13 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, n.p..

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 63

Mr. Ervine has no axe to grind, and the book is written without religious prejudice. However,
the reader is fully aware that the author is a profound admirer of the General. He does not gloss
over his faults, but they are presented in their most favourable light and always with extenuating
circumstances, especially in the description of the various differences he had with the
Methodists.14

A journey to Jerusalem, published two years after God’s Soldier showed clearly the
admiration Ervine had for the Booths. The Booths are referenced six times in this book. When
Ervine discussed Jesus’ time at the temple as a 12-year-old, Ervine linked this with the youthful
knowledge of Catherine Booth:

There is nothing remarkable in his [Jesus’] disputation with the doctors in the Temple at the age
of twelve. Precocious and pious children are common in all ages…Catherine Booth, the wife of
the Founder of The Salvation Army, read the Bible assiduously in her infancy, speculating at
great length on the state of her soul, and was a temperance advocate at the age of twelve, at
which age she had strong views on the subject of Catholic Emancipation…15

It is extreme admiration comparing the young Catherine Booth with the young Christ child. While
Catherine Booth featured once, William Booth was listed five time and under different trains of
thought which showed Booth had great impact on Ervine.

The first incident where Booth was listed showed Ervine’s understanding of Booth’s
theology. While Ervine questioned much of Christian faith and criticised its practice in the book, he
used examples to support Booth’s ideas. Ervine wrote;

…Sir Henry Lunn, remembering that I had written God’s Soldier, asked me if I had heard this
story of General William Booth. An Anglican clergyman, who had joined The Salvation Army,
complained that it had no sacraments. ‘But when I die,’ he said to Booth, ‘what shall I say when
I’m asked why we have no sacraments?’ ‘You can tell God General Booth doesn’t think they
are necessary,’ the old man answered. I remember telling an eminent ecclesiastic that Booth had
refused to have any sacraments in his Army on the ground that they create discord, and the
eminent ecclesiastic replied, ‘He was quite right. I sometimes think we’d be better without
them!’16

The second reference to Booth was to use his words to describe a spiritual process. In
discussion on the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, Ervine stated that although
Constantine “imposed” Christianity on his people, the emperor did not become a Christian until 12
years later. Ervine explained, “He [Constantine] was baptised by Eusebius on his death-bed, a skin-
of-the-teeth conversion, as William Booth would have called it.”17

The third reference was that which has been quoted above, where Ervine linked Catherine
with William Booth and The Salvation Army.18 Along with Catherine Booth, Ervine also used
William Booth as a comparison with Jesus in Ervine’s fourth reference to Booth. Ervine took up the
story of Mary, the mother of Christ coming to Jesus to entice him to come with her19 and stated that,
“Holy men, in all ages, William Booth as much as Francis of Assisi, have had to contend with

14 Bodleian, “Leaves from Latest Book, ‘God’s Soldiers’ was Pawnbroker’s Assistant”, The Mail, (Adelaide, Saturday,
16 February 1935), 5S.
15 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 284.
16 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 16.
17 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 248.
18 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 284.
19 Matthew 12:47-49

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family opposition to their pious intentions.”20 Continuing on in this thought a few pages later Ervine
again linked Booth and his Army to the life of Jesus:

Mary [the mother of Jesus] and her children must have been shocked to the heart’s core by
Jesus’ behaviour. He had abandoned a good trade, of which he was a master, and in doing so,
had endangered the livelihood of his mother and his brothers and sisters; and in addition to this
sufficiently deplorable act, had set himself up against his elders and betters, social, ecclesiastical
and educational, and was attempting to establish a new type of religion out of the lower ranks of
the working classes and the dregs of society. We can best appreciate Mary’s attitude if we will
think of the feelings of a respectable grocer with a flourishing business, who finds his son, not
only proposing to give up his connection with the business, at the management of which he is
excellent, but proposing to join The Salvation Army. Even to-day, when everyone speaks well
of The Army such a proposal would not be welcomed by a prosperous parent. It would have
been opposed with bitterness by him in the days when William Booth was founding his Army.21

This book was a clear and open transcript of the author; revealing the thoughts and
motivations of one of William Booth’s major biographers. It was also another item of evidence that
Ervine was indeed “a profound admirer of the General”.22 While Ervine, a Christian by his own
admission, was cynical about Christian practices and about much of what he saw on his journey to
Jerusalem, there is not one item of cynicism against William Booth or The Salvation Army. He
compared its founders to stories in the life of Christ and supported their stand on theological
matters. This is even more impressive knowing that Ervine had studied the Booths and yet still
thought of them highly and without criticism. In fact the study of the Booths, Ervine claimed, “took
possession, and has kept me, with reading, research and writing, hard at it for more than six
years.”23 Ervine himself in the preface to God’s Soldier stated “For many years I have wanted to
write about William Booth, who had qualities that I greatly admire.”24 A journey to Jerusalem
showed this admiration in all references to the Booths and it was all the more important as it came
from a deep thinking, knowledgeable author, Ervine who had spent six years researching William
Booth and included Booth in a book which needed no reference at all to The Salvation Army.

20 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 289.
21 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, 291-292.
22 Bodleian, “Leaves from Latest Book, ‘God’s Soldier’ was Pawnbroker’s Assistant”, The Mail, (Adelaide, Saturday,
16 February 1935), 5S.
23 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, ix.
24 Ervine, A journey to Jerusalem, ix.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 65

1

1 Photograph of Bramwell Cook courtesy of the Cook family

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 66

MEET THE AUTHOR ~ HERBERT BRAMWELL COOK

Publications about The Salvation Army and by Salvationists are often referenced, cited, criticised and
evaluated without the reviewer knowing anything about the author. In an attempt to introduce the
authors of Salvation Army works to their readership The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army
History will, from time to time, ask authors to contribute to this section of the journal, “Meet the
Author”. This issue is a special tribute to a New Zealand author and researcher, who was recently
promoted to Glory. Bramwell Cook published several books and was a great encourager of others.

A TRIBUTE
HERBERT BRAMWELL COOK – 1936-2017

CNZM. MB. ChB. FRACP.

Kingsley Sampson

There are many words to describe Bramwell – son, husband, father, grandfather, medical
professional, Salvationist, historian. My contact with him was in connection with the last two.

As I have lived mostly outside of Christchurch since my childhood, I had only a passing
acquaintance with Bramwell over the years but then got to know him better in last 8-9 years since we
returned to Christchurch and in particular through our shared interest in Salvation Army history.

I had known about his parents through stories my mother told me and I was strongly influenced
by his father who as chief secretary in New Zealand encouraged young Salvationist students to get
their desired professional training and then to present themselves to the Salvation Army for service.
These were words that I took to heart.

Herbert Bramwell Cook or Bramwell or even Bram as he was often known, was born in Anand,
Gujarat, India on 11 February 1936. He was the eldest of five children of Salvation Army missionary
officers Alfred Bramwell Cook and Dorothy Frances Money. His father was a renowned missionary
doctor who served in India for 22 years and eventually became known as ‘The White Gujarati’ for
his identification with the Gujarat people.

Like most children of missionaries to India, Bramwell’s early education was at boarding school
in India (1942-1951). He was a pupil at Breeks Memorial School in Tamil Nadu, then had a brief stint
at St Andrew’s College, Christchurch while the family were on homeland furlough (1947-48). He
studied at Christchurch Boys’ High School (1952-53), Canterbury University College (1954) and the
University of Otago Medical School where he graduated MB ChB in 1959.

Bramwell married Shirley Ann Hay on 29 November 1958 and they were married for 58 years.
They had three children. Apart from five years in London, England and Michigan, USA, (1964-
1969),2 Bramwell and Shirley lived in Christchurch where Bramwell was a gastroenterologist at

Reference citation of this paper
Kingsley Sampson, “Meet the author – Herbert Bramwell Cook – A tribute Herbert Bramwell Cook – 1936-
2017”, The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, 2, 2, 2017, 66-70.
2 While in the USA Bramwell was published in an American medical journal and had other papers and letters published
throughout his career, for example, H. Bramwell Cook, J.E. Lennard-Jones, S.M. Sherif and H.S. Wiggins,
“Measurement of tryptic activity in intestinal juices as a diagnostic test of pancreatic disease”, The Journal of The
British Society of Gastroenterology, (Vol, 8, No. 4, August 1967), 408-414.; H. Bramwell Cook and B. French,
“Physiologic responses to gastric acid hypersecretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome”, The American Journal of
Digestive Diseases, (Vol, 13, Iss., 3, March 1968), 191-203.; H. Lunt, C.M. Florkowski, H. Bramwell Cook, “Bone
mineral density, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease, Diabetes Care, (No. 24, 2001), 791-797.; H. Bramwell Cook, “Who
invented and used this curious bistoury?”, The New Zealand Medical Journal, (Vol. 124, No. 1338, 29 July 2011).

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 67

Christchurch hospitals (1960-2003). His main area of expertise was in the diagnosis and treatment of
coeliac disease. Bramwell was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the
2003 Queen’s Birthday Honours, for services to medicine and the community.3

H Bramwell Cook with Shirley Ann Hay4

Bramwell had a strong interest in Salvation Army history which he continued in his retirement.
He was an assiduous researcher. He knew where to look, he chased down leads and came up
with some fascinating stories. As well as two family histories, he wrote books and papers on New
Zealand medical history and the history of The Salvation Army in New Zealand.
Bramwell’s first family history was White Gujaratis,5 the story of his parents’ lives. In this
book, he both honoured his parents as well as giving an insight into their lives. His other family
history, published only this year, told the story of the four immigrant families that Shirley was
descended from.
In his medical history book, 6 Bramwell described selected artefacts housed in the Cotter
Medical History Trust museum based in Christchurch.7 I recall visiting their house in the Christchurch
suburb of Halswell to find a range of now-obsolete medical items spread out on the formal dining

3 Bramwell Cook, (gastroenterologist), (Wikipedia edited 14 March 2017),
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramwell_Cook_(gastroenterologist) accessed 7 March, 2017.; Maddison Northcott, “Life
Story: A champion of coeliac and compassion”, The Press, (N.Z., 24 March 2017), http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-
press/news/90295887/Life-Story-A-champion-of-coeliac-and-compassion accessed 23 May 2017.
4 Photograph courtesy of the Cook family.
5 H. Bramwell Cook, White Gujaratis – Bramwell and Dorothy Cook, (Christchurch, NZ: H. Bramwell Cook, 2007).
Bramwell also coauthored H. Bramwell Cook with Laurence Hay, Immigrant families united – Hay, Baker, Lee and
Cullen families, (Christchurch, NZ: H. Bramwell Cook, 2016).
6 H. Bramwell Cook, Silent treasures tell their stories: Cotter Medical History Trust Collection, (Christchurch, NZ:
Cotter Medical History Trust, 2012). Bramwell also had a book review published, H. Bramwell Cook, “Under on roof:
A history of Waikato Hospital (John Armstrong), The New Zealand Medical Journal, (Vol., 123, No. 1314, 14 May
2010).
7 Cotter Medical History Museum, (Cotter Medical History Trust, NZ, n.d.), http://www.cottermuseum.co.nz/index.html
accessed 7 March 2017.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 68

table as Bramwell was working on this book. To someone unfamiliar with medical equipment, they
looked quite scary, even gothic!

Bramwell worked on his history of the Christchurch City Corps for many years. It was
eventually published in time for the corps’ 125th anniversary in 2008.8 I’m told he interviewed many
people and collected much information for this work. Later he enriched the holdings at the Salvation
Army’s archives in Upper Hutt by depositing the material he had gathered for safe keeping and for
future use by researchers.

Bramwell was a strong supporter of and contributor to the Christchurch Salvation Army History
Group and we will miss his cheery presence and informative presentations. Only two days before his
death, he attended a committee meeting and afterwards promptly sent emails with helpful information
for two forthcoming meetings.

H Bramwell Cook9
Recently Bramwell was interested in the story of Victor Bedingfield, an early day Salvation
Army officer in the 1880s in New Zealand who gained some notoriety. Bramwell uncovered many
details of his story, his background in the United Kingdom, his time in New Zealand and his later life
in the USA as a newspaper publisher. He also shared his discoveries with a descendant of Bedingfield
in Hawkes Bay. At time of Bramwell’s death, the manuscript for this small research exercise had run
to over 40 pages.
I had wanted Bramwell to take us on a field trip of heritage Salvation Army sites in Christchurch
for one of our history group activities. We had made preliminary planning but had to postpone it due
to the disruption to roads especially in the inner city following the earthquakes. We had tentatively

8 H. Bramwell Cook, Think on these things – The Salvation Army Christchurch City Corps, 1883-2008, (Christchurch,
NZ: The Salvation Army Christchurch City Corps, 2008).
9 Photograph courtesy of the Cook family.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 69

rescheduled the trip for February 2018 and if it goes ahead, we will greatly miss Bramwell’s
knowledge and expertise.

In his research, writing and publishing, Bramwell had learned a lot about the printing and
publishing of books – their layout, quality of photographs, referencing and idexing. I've been doing
some family research in recent years and had hoped to call on his expertise when the time came to
put my findings into a more permanent format. Sadly this will not now be possible.

I found Bramwell to be a warm, friendly person who delighted in sharing any new discoveries
he had made - epitomised by his chuckle when he talked about something new or interesting. I will
miss his strong support of the history group, his great research skills and his genuine friendship.

Bramwell was promoted to Glory on Friday 3 March 2017, aged 81. I am grateful to have
known him.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 70

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SALVATION ARMY LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
1988 – PRESENT

SURNAMES OF BOOK AUTHORS M

Garth R. Hentzschel

Following on from R.G. Moyles, A Bibliography of Salvation Army literature in English 1865-1987,1
each edition of the Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History will have information of literature
by Salvationists or containing information on The Salvation Army to assist researchers and those
interested in more information on The Salvation Army. Both bibliographical information and a brief
outline of the work will be included. Where possible, information will also be provided on where the
work can be accessed or purchased. Please note that categories and referencing style will be that used
by Moyles to continue the style of the work.

SECTION I – HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, AND PUBLIC REACTION

A. GENERAL HISTORIES

Marshall, Paul. IT’S A GREAT OLD ARMY – HEROES, HEROINES, HIGHLIGHTS AND SIDELIGHTS.
USA: The Salvation Army Central Territory, 1997, 292 pp.

The book was a compilation of short stories about people and events in Salvation Army history. These
stories were divided into themes which included; highlights and sidelights, Order of the Founder, the
two world wars, Salvation Army music and themes from holidays.

Miller, David J. (compiler). FROM THE ARCHIVES – HISTORICAL SALVATION ARMY ANECDOTES
FROM THE ARCHIVES OF THE S.A.H.P.A. Powys, UK: The SA Historical & Philatelic Association
and Abernant Publishing, 2014, 160 pp.

The collection of historical papers included topics on; openings of Army work, opposition to the Army,
individual Salvationist biographies and histories of Salvation Army corps.2

Moyles, R. G. COME JOIN OUR ARMY – HISTORIC REFLECTIONS ON SALVATION ARMY
GROWTH. Alexandria, USA: Crest Books (Salvation Army National Publications), 2007, 152 pp.

Historical research was used to show how The Salvation Army grew in its early development period.
Topics that were investigated included; “red-hot revivalism”, “the call to holiness”, female ministry,
“strength of the military system”, the War Cry, etc.3

Reference citation of this paper
Garth R. Hentzschel, “A bibliography of Salvation Army literature in English, 1988-present, Surnames of book
authors M”, The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, 2, 2, 2017, 71-90.
1 R.G. Moyles, A Bibliography of Salvation Army literature in English (1865-1987), (Lewiston, USA: The Edwin
Mellen Press, 1988).
2 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-from-
the-archives---historical-salvation-army-anecdotes-from-the-archives-of-sahpa-11346-p.asp
3 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at the Trade -
http://thetrade.salvos.org.au/catalogue/product/come-join-our-army-r-g-moyles/

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 71

Cover of, From the Archives, published by the SAHPA.
The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 72

Moyles, R. G. THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE PUBLIC. Edmonton, Canada: AGM Publications, 2000,
215 pp.
A study on different events in the Army’s history was presented from the view of the public. Topics
included; the Army’s right to march, the ‘Maiden Tribute’, Catherine (Kate) Booth in Switzerland, T.H.
Huxley and the Army, Ballington Booth’s revolution, the promotion to Glory of William Booth, and the
1929 High Council.

Munn, Nealson with concept by Collinson, David. INSANE: THE STORIES OF CRAZY SALVOS WHO
CHANGED THE WORLD. Melbourne, Australia: Salvo Publishing (The Salvation Army Australia
Southern Territory), 2007, 190 pp.
This series of historical investigations covered one story per chapter which outlined Salvation Army
events and people. The chapters included; women’s ministry, missionary work, social endeavours, and
ingenuity. Each chapter concluded with a challenge to the reader to become ‘insane’ for the cause of
Christ.

Murdoch, Norman H. ORIGINS OF THE SALVATION ARMY. Knoxville, USA: The University of
Tennessee Press, 1994, 2nd printing 1995, 241 pp.
An analytical research on the history and development of The Salvation Army was presented in the
book. It investigated both the personalities and the organisation of the movement.

B. DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNTS OF ARMY METHODS AND ACTIVITIES

Merritt, John G. (editor). HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF THE SALVATION ARMY. Lanham, USA: The
Scarecrow Press, 2006, 798 pp.
The extensive dictionary covered events, people and places important to the history of The Salvation
Army in alphabetical order. Contributors included; Cyril Barnes, Henry Gariepy, Roger J. Green,
Wesley Harris, George Hazell, Edward H. McKinley, Andrew S. Miller, Dinsdale L. Pender, Maxwell
Ryan, Ken Sanz, Allen Satterlee, etc.

C. ANNUAL REPORTS
Moore, Jeanne, Canter, David, Stokley, Des, and Drake, Madeline. THE FACES OF HOMELESS IN

LONDON. Hants, USA: Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1995, 339 pp.
The report, commissioned by The Salvation Army outlined the findings of a two-year study on
homelessness.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 73

D. HISTORIES OF SPECIFIC ENDEAVOURS AND EVENTS

Moyles, R. G. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SALVATION ARMY LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1865-1987).
Texts and Studies in Religion Volume 38. Lewiston, USA: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1988, 209 pp.

The book was a list of books, articles and studies published by or about The Salvation Army.

F. THE SALVATION ARMY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

Australia

McBride, Frank, Taylor, Helen, Black, Carmel, Rough, Brian and Richards, Heather. BRISBANE 150
STORIES 1859-2009. Brisbane, Australia: Brisbane City Council, 2009, 342 pp.

The story of the city of Brisbane was told in a year by year chronicle with the focus on one event per
year. The Salvation Army in Brisbane was given a year to commemorate its service to the Brisbane area.

McClish, Bruce. THE AUSTRALIAN CHURCH STORY. East Melbourne, Australia: HarperCollins
Religious, 1999, 184 pp.

Designed as a school text book, the work outlined the history, development and modern issues of the
church in Australia. Both the evangelical and social development aspects of The Salvation Army are
included, and it also refers to Eva Burrows as an example of female ministry.

McDonald, Robert. A HISTORY OF THE SALVATION ARMY ON THE SOUTHERN FLEURIEU, BOOK
1: 1884 TO 1963. South Australia, Australia: Robert McDonald, 2015, 292 pp.

The book was a history of Salvation Army corps, outpost and other ministries in Fleurieu area south of
Adelaide, South Australia. The ministries included: Coorong and Lake Alexandrina Aboriginal Camp,
Goolwa Corps, Milang Outpost, Port McLeay/Raukkan Corps, Port Victory/Victor Harbour Corps,
Victor Harbour Youth Camp, and Yankalilla Camp.

Macdougall, A. K., Ryzman, Leonard, and Zwar, Desmond. THREDBO, A TRAGEDY WAITING TO
HAPPEN – AND OTHER AUSTRALIAN DISASTERS. Noble Park, Australia: The Five Mile Press,
2002, 239 pp.

Each chapter of the book investigated different disasters in Australia. The Salvation Army was listed as
one of the organisations which gave assistance during the Granville Train Crash (p. 177).

McGourty, John (editor). BLACK SATURDAY – STORIES OF LOVE, LOSS AND COURAGE FROM
THE VICTORIAN BUSHFIRES. Sydney, Australia: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009, 288 pp.

The book was sold to raise funds for “The Salvation Army Victorian Bushfire Appeal” and told the
stories of people and rescuers involved in the Victorian bushfires. There was also a list of people killed
during the disaster.

McGregor, Malcolm (ed.). CHRISTMAS IN AUSTRALIA. Milsons Point, Australia: Hutchinson Australia,
1990, 208 pp.

A collection of photographs from 64 photographers capture a literal snapshot of Australia at Christmas
in 1989. A Salvation Army band was included playing carols.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 74

McKay, Gary. TRACY – THE STORM THAT WIPED OUT DARWIN ON CHRISTMAS DAY 1974. Crows
Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2001, 213 pp.
Eyewitnesses were interviewed for the book to give a history of the events before, during and after
Cyclone Tracy. The Salvation Army and its work to assist the victims were also included.

Maddox, Marion. GOD UNDER HOWARD – THE RISE OF THE RELIGIOUS RIGHT IN AUSTRALIAN
POLITICS. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2005, 386 pp.
The political study outlined the influence of Christianity under John Howard’s Liberal Government. It
covered The Salvation Army’s involvement in the job network, welfare, and the Red Shield Appeal.

Monty, Dan. THE GRANVILLE TRAIN DIASTER, 30TH ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL EDITION. Sydney,
Australia: Granville Memorial Trust, 2006, 150 pp.
Interviews with rescue workers and survivors of the rail disaster were interwoven with information on
the disaster and photographs from the day. A number of Salvationists were interviewed as well as others
who were involved outlining their memories of The Salvation Army on the day and during after-care.

Canada

Moyles, R. G. GLORY HALLELUJAH! THE INNOVATIVE EVANGELISM OF EARLY CANADIAN
SALVATIONISTS. Toronto, Canada: The Salvation Army Canada and Bermuda Territory, 2013, 155
pp.
The collection of historical papers was used to show innovative evangelist strategies used by early
Canadian Salvationists. The papers included; women preachers, the Salvation Navy, Camp Meetings
and others.4

Moyles, R. G. NOT JUST ANOTHER CHURCH – A HISTORY OF THE SALVATION ARMY IN
EDMONTON 1893-1993. Edmonton, Canada: The Salvation Army Edmonton Temple Corps, 1992,
167 pp.
The book focused on the history of the Edmonton Corps in a chronological presentation. There were
references to the other corps in the area and also a chapter on the Army’s social services in Edmonton.

4 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-glory-
hallelujah-6936-p.asp

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 75

Moyles, R. G. THE SALVATION ARMY IN NEWFOUNDLAND – ITS HISTORY AND ESSENCE.
Canada: The Salvation Army Canada and Bermuda, 1997, 231 pp.

The book was divided into two sections; the history of the Army and its essence in Newfoundland.
There were also photographs and a chronological list of corps openings, commanders of the Army
in Newfoundland and significant historical events.5

Moyles, R. G. WILLIAM BOOTH IN CANADA – DESCRIPTIONS OF HIS VISITS 1886-1907. Edmonton,
Canada: AGM Publications, 2006, 113 pp.

From research, the book investigated William Booth’s visits to Canada and the historical implication of
each visit.

New Zealand

McCloy, Nicola. NEW ZEALAND DISASTERS – EARTHQUAKES, ERUPTIONS, WRECKS AND FIRES
– EVENTS THAT ROCKED THE NATION. New Zealand: Whitcoulls, 2004, 112 pp.

Short stories of disasters in New Zealand until 2004 were placed in themes of the disasters. A photograph
of a Salvationist assisting a victim of the Wahine was included.

United Kingdom

Miller, David J. (compiler). CHESTERFIELD CORPS OF THE SALVATION ARMY – A PICTORIAL
HISTORY. Powys, UK: SA Historical & Philatelic Association with Abernant Publishing, 2017, 100
pp.

The collection of photographs showed different aspects of the Chesterfield Corps.

Mortimer, Gavin. THE LONGEST NIGHT, 10-11 MAY 1941 – VOICES FROM THE LONDON BLITZ.
London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005, 366 pp.

From interviews of survivors and eyewitnesses of events of the blitz, the book pieced together the history
of the night London was hit by the worst night of the blitz. The history included the work of Salvationists
and the destruction of London properties of The Salvation Army which included International
Headquarters.

United States of America

McKinley, Edward H. MARCHING TO GLORY – THE HISTORY OF THE SALVATION ARMY IN THE
UNITED STATES, 1880-1992. Grand Rapids, USA: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company,
Second Edition, revised and expanded 1995, 451 pp.

Using archival material and scholarly research the author presented a chronological, historical
development of the Army in the USA. The first edition was published for the 1980 centenary of The
Salvation Army in the United States of America. This edition expanded the earlier work and included a
chapter on events from 1980 to 1992.

Maye, Warren L. SOLDIERS OF UNCOMMON VALOR – THE HISTORY OF SALVATIONISTS OF
AFRICAN DESCENT IN THE UNITED STATES. West Nyack, USA: Others Press (The Salvation
Army USA Eastern Territory), 2008, 344 pp.

5 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at Salvation Army Store -
http://store.salvationarmy.ca/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=4765

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 76

The research uncovered the historical inclusion and racial tensions of The Salvation Army, the culture
of the USA and Salvationists of Caribbean and African descent. The history was developed in a
chronological order and included photographs and biographical information to support the narrative and
personalise the story.
Moyles, R. G. WILLIAM BOOTH IN AMERICA – SIX VISITS 1886 – 1907. Alexandria, USA: Crest Books
(The Salvation Army, National Publications), 2010, 227 pp.
From research, the book investigated William Booth’s visits to the United States of America and the
historical implication of each visit.
Zimbabwe

Murdoch, Norman H. CHRISTIAN WARFARE IN RHODESIA-ZIMBABWE – THE SALVATION ARMY
AND AFRICAN LIBERATION, 1891-1991. Eugene, USA: Pickwick Publications, 2015, 215 pp.
The research investigated the history of The Salvation Army in Rhodesia-Zimbabwe in the context of
the two Chimurenga (rising against European occupation) and the issues faced by the movement which
had become established as a partner in empire. Martyrdom and colonial stories were unpacked to reveal
mythologies and possible reasons for these to have developed.6

SECTION II – SOCIAL SERVICE
7. WAR SERVICES
Moremon, John. AUSTRALIAN VIETNAM FORCES NATIONAL MEMORIAL VIETNAM. Canberra,

Australia: Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2002, 71 pp.
The book was published to commemorate the national memorial for Australia’s involvement in the
Vietnam war. The Salvation Army was listed (p 16) as one of the organisations that supported the troops
during this conflict.
10. MISCELLANEOUS SOCIAL SERVICES
Mergard, Paul. LOOKING FOR HOPE – SHINING LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS. Tingalpa, Australia: Paul
Mergard, 2006, 64 pp.
The photographic book outlined the travel of the author on mission trips to developing countries,
supported by The Salvation Army.

6 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Lutterworth Press -
http://www.lutterworth.com/product_info.php/products_id/2531/browse_by/cyfekkoq/browse_for/c

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 77

11. YOUTH SERVICES
Morton, Colleen. CHILD PROTECTION – CHILD PROTECTION TRAINING. Canberra, Australia: Youth

and Children’s Resource Team Territorial Headquarters, 2000, 16 pp.
The booklet was a training paper on child protection which included forms and documents.
SECTION III – PROMOTING THE WAR
N – INSTRUCTIONAL AND DEVOTIONAL LITERATURE
McBride, Harry. THE PLACE, PURPOSE AND PRIORITY OF THE SOLDIER IN A GROWING ARMY.
Sydney, Australia: The Salvation Army Australia Eastern and Papua New Guinea Territory, 1991, 13
pp.
The paper was first presented at The Salvation Army International Conference on Church Growth,
London, UK. The title of the booklet outlined its aim and it used references which gave evidence for
points expressed.
McCaughey, Betty (compiler). WILLIAM AND CATHERINE, WITH LOVE – A YEAR’S DAILY
READINGS. Oakville, Canada: The Salvation Army Canada and Bermuda, 1989, 124 pp.
The writings of William and Catherine Booth were used for a daily devotional plan. Each day
commenced with a verse of scripture which linked to the writings of the Booths and ended with a passage
from the Bible.
MacDonald, Gordon, and Johnson, Patrick. GENEROSITY – MOVING TOWARD LIFE THAT IS TRULY
LIFE. USA: GenerousChurch, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, Salvation Army Generous Life
edition 2014, 96 pp.
The booklet was used as part of training for The Salvation Army’s Planned Giving Program.
McGuigan, Peter. BREAKING STRONG HOLDS FOR EFFECTIVE MISSION – THE DYNAMICS OF
SPIRITUAL WARFARE. Sydney, Australia: The Salvation Army Australia Eastern and Papua New
Guinea Territory, 1991, 80 pp.
The study showed how church growth in The Salvation Army relied on spiritual warfare. Each section
gave instructional information followed by “study points”.

MacMillan, M. Christine, Posterski, Don, and Read, James E. WHEN JUSTICE IS THE MEASURE. Toronto,
Canada: The Salvation Army Canada and Bermuda, 2014, 120 pp.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 78

Current and topical areas of injustice were investigated in the chapters of the book. Biblical and
historical narratives as well as prayers were used to assist the reader develop a Christian worldview of
justice.7

Marsico, Katie, HOW DO THEY HELP? THE SALVATION ARMY. Ann Arbor. USA: Cherry Lake
Publishing, 2015, 14 pp.
From the “How do they help?” children’s education series, this book gave information about The
Salvation Army. Other topics in the series included; Doctors Without Borders, The Red Cross, The
United Nations, The World Health Organisation and UNICEF.

Metcalf, William. ANOTHER PENTECOST? Challenge Books, London, UK: International Headquarters of
The Salvation Army, 1973, 1981, revised 1989, 54 pp.

The booklet was a brief study on the doctrine of the Holy Spirit and the gifts that are given to the believer.
The final chapter was a list of biblical references on the topic.

Martin, Margaret. PRIVATE ATMOSPHERE. Sydney South, Australia: The Salvation Army Carpenter
Media, 2010, 194 pp.

Stories, observations, scripture and prayers were combined in the devotional book to support the reader
to think on things of God. There was also space given for private journaling for self-reflection on each
topic.
Mead, Beryl. THE SALVATION ARMY BIBLE LESSONS – BOOK 2. London, UK: International Resources
Department Communications Services, Missionary Literature Section, International Headquarters,
1995, 349 pp.
Mead, Beryl. THE SALVATION ARMY BIBLE LESSONS – BOOK 3. London, UK: International Resources
Department Communications Services, Missionary Literature Section, International Headquarters,
1995, 368 pp.

The two books were developed as an international curriculum for Sunday School lessons. Each lesson
included a bible story, activities and questions to support learning and encourage thinking.

Miller III, Andy. HOLISTIC HOSPITALITY – A BRIDGE TO A FUTURE ARMY. Atlanta, USA: The
Salvation Army, USA Southern Territory, 2015, 98 pp.
The study unpacked the scriptural and practical aspects of the Christian gift of hospitality.8

7 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Store -
http://store.salvationarmy.ca/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=13566
8 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-holistic-
hospitality---andy-miller-iii-10349-p.asp

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 79

Miller III, Andy. STAY THE COURSE – CHALLENGES TO SALVATIONISTS FROM THE BOOK OF
ACTS. Atlanta, USA: The Salvation Army, USA Southern Territory, 2016, 183 pp.

The study walked the reader through the entire book of Acts in chronological order.9

Munn, Janet and Court, Stephen. ARMY ON ITS KNEES – THE DYNAMICS OF GREAT COMMISSION
PRAYER. London, UK: Salvation Books (The Salvation Army, International Headquarters), 2012, 124
pp.

The book outlined different ideas of prayer; the reader’s expectations, spiritual warfare, prayer and
fasting as well as a chapter on the 24-7 prayer movement. The work concluded with a list of resources
to use with prayer.10

Munn, Janet. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SALVATION ARMY.
Ashland, USA: Janet Munn, 2015, 112 pp.

From interviews conducted for a doctoral thesis the work investigated Salvation Army leaders’
understanding of biblical principles of female ministry.

Munn, Olivia and Court, Stephen. THE UPRISING – A HOLY REVOLUTION? Melbourne, Australia: Credo
Press, an imprint of Salvo Publishing (The Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory), October 2007,
2nd edition December 2007, 238 pp.

The book presented the theology of holiness with a new approach and in a new format. Links to “Reading
Club Guide” was also included in each of the small chapters.11

Michaels, Margaret K. SO … GOD HAS CALLED YOU TO BE A SALVATION ARMY OFFICER. USA:
The Salvation Army USA Eastern Territory, 2007, 42 pp.

The booklet outlined information for people who were commencing their ministry as an officer of The
Salvation Army and included information on getting started, dealing with problems and taking care of
their children.

SECTION IV – MUSIC AND MUSICAL GROUPS

Metcalf, William (compiler). CONCORDANCE TO THE SONG BOOK OF THE SALVATION ARMY.
London, UK: The Salvation Army, United Kingdom Territory, 1986, 272 pp.

The book gave a concordance for The Song Book of The Salvation Army 1986 edition.

Miller, David J. and Moye, Ray (compilers). BOSCOMBE BAND OF THE SALVATION ARMY – A
PICTORIAL HISTORY. Powys, UK: SA Historical & Philatelic Association with Abernant Publishing,
2015, 100 pp.

The photographs showed the band through its history and in various locations during its ministry. A
brief history of the band, pictures and lists of the bandmasters and recordings were also included.

9 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Store -
http://store.salvationarmy.ca/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=14414
10 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=2524&cID=1
11 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at Salvation Army Resources -
https://www.sarmy.org.au/en/Resources/Salvo-Publishing-Books/Salvo-Publishing-Books-N-Z/The-uprising-a-holy-
revolution/

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 80

Miller, David J. (compiler). CHALK FARM BAND OF THE SALVATION ARMY – A PICTORIAL
HISTORY. Powys, UK: SA Historical & Philatelic Association with Abernant Publishing, 2012, 100
pp.
The photographs showed the band through its history and in various locations during its ministry. A
brief history of the band was also included.

Miller, David J., Klepke Jr.,Steef and Sprokkereef, William (compilers). THE AMSTERDAM STAFF BAND
OF THE SALVATION ARMY – A PICTORIAL HISTORY. Powys, UK: SA Historical & Philatelic
Association with Abernant Publishing, 2012, 100 pp.
The photographs showed the band and its personalities through its history and in various locations during
its ministry. A list of bandmasters and recordings were also included.

Mott, John. FOLLOWING THE FLAG – THE HOUSEHOLD TROOPS BAND OF THE SALVATION
ARMY. Powys, UK: SA Historical & Philatelic Association with Abernant Publishing, 2015, 87 pp.
The book covered the history of the original Household Troops Band, the redevelopment of the band
and its history to 2015. Photographs of the original and current bands were included, along with a
pictorial list of records from 1985 to 2015.

SECTION V – SALVATIONIST BIOGRAPHY
Catherine Booth (The Army Mother)
Metcalf, Joan, CATHERINE BOOTH – THE ARMY MOTHER. London, UK: International Headquarters of

The Salvation Army, revised 1990, 38 pp. Originally published as Metcalf, Joan, GOD USED A
WOMAN (CATHERINE BOOTH), Challenge Books. London, UK: International Headquarters of The
Salvation Army 1967, 3rd edition 1980, 4th edition 1983, reprinted 1986.
The book was a short biography of Catherine Booth, and has been translated into a number of languages,
with the English version having sold 14,000 copies
William Booth
Moyles, R. G. FAREWELL TO THE FOUNDER – 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS PROMOTION TO
GLORY. Alexandria, USA: Crest Books (Salvation Army National Publications), 2012, 108 pp.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 81

To commemorate the centenary of the Promotion to Glory of General William Booth. The book covered
the final hours of Booth’s life, the rise of William Bramwell Booth to the position of general, tributes to
the founder, the Founder’s funeral, and how he was remembered.12

Moyles, R. G. I KNEW WILLIAM BOOTH – AN ALBUM OF REMEMBRANCES. Alexandria, USA: Crest
Books (The Salvation Army National Publications), 2007, 153 pp.
The book collected information on the Founder of The Salvation Army from people who saw him in the
private arena of his life. Information was sourced from; Jane Short, Bramwell Booth, George Railton
and J. Evan Smith among others.

Frank Smith
Murdoch, Norman H. FRANK SMITH: SALVATIONIST SOCIALIST (1854-1940) – PRINCIPAL

IDEOLOGUE OF THE CREATED SALVATION ARMY SOCIAL SERVICES. Orlando, USA:
National Salvation Army Social Services Conference, 2003, 24 pp.
The research gave a revisionist history to a number of historical elements of The Salvation Army’s social
work through the biography of Frank Smith.
Don Woodland
Mitchell, David (editor). THIS IS YOUR LIFE, VOLUME II – TRUE STORIES OF GREAT
AUSTRALIANS. Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Education Australia, 2000, 248 pp. “Don
Woodland” pp 175-180.
The book was a collection of a number scripts from the television program This is your life. The
biographies were arranged in three themes; “the showbiz greats”, “the achievers”, and “the sports
legends”. Major Don Woodland was included in “the achievers” section.
Miscellaneous Biographies
McKernan, Michael. THE PEOPLESCAPE, CELEBRATING AUSTRALIANS. Victoria, Australia: Hardie
Grant Books with National Council for the Centenary of Federation, 2002, 258 pp.
One of the events to celebrate the centenary of Australia’s Federation was figures of Australians placed
on the lawns of Canberra’s Parliament House. The story of the event along with photographs of these

12 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=2500

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 82

identities were immortalised in this book. They included Australian Salvationists such as General Eva
Burrows (p 24) and Joseph Perry (p 161).

Moyles, R. G. MAUD, EMMA, EVANGELINE – AMERICA’S LOVE AFFAIR WITH THE 3 BOOTH
WOMEN. USA: Frontier Press (The Salvation Army, USA Western Territory), 2014, 117 pp.
Three Booth women were examined through the eyes of the public. Their leadership and impact on both
The Salvation Army and the culture of the USA were uncovered.13

Murdoch, Norman H. SOLDIERS OF THE CROSS – SUSIE SWIFT AND DAVID LAMB – PIONEERS OF
SOCIAL CHANGE. Alexandria, USA: Crest Books (The Salvation Army National Publications), 2006,
333 pp.
These two historical biographies of Susie Swift and David Lamb outlined their part in the social change
movement of The Salvation Army, and uncovered personal stories of their lives.14

SECTION VI – AUTOBIOGRAPHIES AND MEMOIRS
McCormack, Stan (ed.). CHANGING CRIMINALS – ‘THE BUSINESS OF HEAVEN’. Melbourne, Australia:

Stan McCormack and Vic Pedersen, 1997, 97 pp.
Originally published in Epistle magazine, for prisoners and the Criminal Justice System, the book was
a collection of testimonies of prisoners who had found Christ while they were incarcerated.
Martin, George V. KEEPING IN STEP. Northbridge, Australia: Access Press, 1995. 196 pp.
The autobiography covered the life of the author and his brothers, who spent their childhood in The
Salvation Army’s orphanage at Collie Western Australia. It included photographs of The Salvation
Army Home and from other events in the life of the family.
Morris, Jessica. WHEN HOPE SPEAKS. Maryborough, Australia: Salvo Publishing (The Salvation Army,
Australia Southern Territory), 2016, 218 pp.
The memoirs covered the life and emotional path of the author, through depression from the age of 12
years into young adulthood.15

13 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at Frontier Press Shop -
http://frontierpress.org/shop/maud-emma-evangeline/
14 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-
soldiers-of-the-cross-2252-p.asp
15 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3692&cID=122

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 83

SECTION VII – CREATIVE PROSE, NOVELS AND POETRY BY SALVATIONISTS
Mac Arthur, Linda. AN OPEN HEART. Florida, USA: The Peppertree Press, 2013, 77 pp.

The book was a collection of poems organised into six chapters. The chapters were titled: “gifts from
above”; “that I may serve Him”; “questions for God”; “guide me along, Lord”; “comfort for me & you”;
and, “always praise Him”.
McClimont, Graeme. PRAYERS IN EXILE – THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS FROM BEHIND WIRE
FENCES. Melbourne, Australia: Salvo Publishing (The Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory),
2009, 191 pp.
A collection of prayer poems were combined with the author’s photographs, paintings and information
about parts of their ministry as an officer of The Salvation Army.
McCormack, Maisie. A TO Z BIBLE STORIES IN VERSE. Devon, UK: Arthur H. Stockwell Ltd., 1996, 46
pp.
Poems which included acrostics and quizzes which the author recited in Salvation Army meetings were
collected in this volume.
Main, Gordon, and Cox, Lindsay (illustrator). FIRE A FOLLY – A HUMOROUS LOOK AT THE ARMY.
Maryborough, Australia: National Editorial Department, 2015, 34 pp.

Main, Gordon, and Cox, Lindsay (illustrator). FIRE ANOTHER FOLLY – A HUMOROUS LOOK AT THE
ARMY. Maryborough, Australia: National Editorial Department, 2016, 34 pp.
The two collections of poems and cartoons focused on areas of The Salvation Army, both historical and
contemporary. Titles included the open air, flying padre, harvest festival and songster practice. There
was a page of historical information on some of the areas included as poems.16

Mayes, Christine M. TRANSITORY TRAVELLING OR A COLLECTION OF THOUGHTS FOR YOUR
ENCOURAGEMENT AS WE TRAVEL THE KING’S HIGHWAY. Australia: Christine Mayes,
c2001, 20 pp.

Mayes, C[hristine]. M. PRAYER PARCELS. Australia: Christine Mayes, c2002, 16 pp.

16 At the time of publication of AJSAH the books could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3696&cID=1

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 84

The two collections of poems were penned between 1997 and 2002 on a variety of themes.

Michelson, Faye. THE PINK MIST. The Brown Notebook Series – Book 1. Melbourne, Australia: Salvo
Publishing (The Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory), 2009, 106 pp.

The novel was designed for young teenagers and followed two young people who received special
powers and the problems which arose for them.17

Mills, Richard. RICHARDS’ REFLECTIONS. Australia: Mills family, n.d., 56 pp.

The collection of poems were written between 1984 – 2000 and covered topics including, biblical,
emotional, Christmas and events in the corps.

SECTION VIII – PLAYS, POEMS, NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES ABOUT THE SALVATION
ARMY

Malone, Peter (co-ordinator). FROM BACK PEWS TO FRONT STALLS – THE CHURCHES IN 100
YEARS OF AUSTRALIAN CINEMA. Kensington, Australia: National Capital Printing, 1996, 66 pp.

The book was a compilation of papers focussed on religious representation in Australian movies. Brad
Halse, “Images of The Salvation Army” (pp 30-37) included the following Australian movies in his
paper on how movies portrayed the Army; Strikebound, Golden Braid, The Sum of Us, Bad Bay Bubby
and Lilian’s Story.

Books discovered since the previous edition of AJSAH

Allchin, Sally-Anne. HAPPY BIRTHDAY. Melbourne, Australia: The Salvation Army, Australia Southern
Territory, 2013. 20 pp.

Part colouring-in, part story book for young children, the book aimed to teach them how important they
are to God. There was also a note to parents and carers at the back of the book based on Psalm 139:1-
18.18

Allchin, Sally-Anne and Mills, Aaron (illustrator). IT’S MY BIRTHDAY. Melbourne, Australia: The
Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory, 2015. 20 pp.

The story book for children aimed to teach them how they are special to Jesus. There was also a note to
parents and carers at the back of the book in the form of Matthew 18:1-4.19

Banks, Keith, and Turfrey, Lucille (illustrator). CONTENTMENT – DEVOTIONAL AND TOPICAL
POEMS. London, UK: Salvation Books (The Salvation Army International Headquarters), 2016, 61 pp.

The collection of poems covered personal and spiritually focused poems on topics that included; death,
Christmas, Easter and reflections on holiday places and life events.20

Bradnam, Hugh. MY PEOPLE – THE AMAZING ADVENTURES OF MARTY & MAX. Surrey, UK:
Ammonite Books, 4th Ed, 2010, 109 pp.

17 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=1712&cID=
18 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3014&cID=
19 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3401&cID=
20 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-
contentment---devotional-and-topical-poems-14411-p.asp

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 85

The novel for children followed two young Salvationists who travelled back in time and met the young
William Booth and other members of The Christian Mission. The two characters also observed some of
the major early historical events of the movement.

Bonner, Adrian and Luscombe, Claire. THE SEEDS OF EXCLUSION. UK: CGI London for The Salvation
Army United Kingdom Territory with the Republic of Ireland, 2008, 98 pp.

The research report was the fourth in a series of reports published by The Salvation Army in the UK and
focused on matters of early life experiences which caused problems in later life. This report’s theme was
social exclusion.

Brooks, Cymon and Brooks, Naava. VISION. Melbourne, Australia: Salvo Publishing (The Salvation Army,
Australian Southern Territory), 2013, 110 pp.

The devotional book included inspirational themes and used photography to support the content.21

Brown, Arthur J. I FORGET SO SOON. UK: Somerset Evangelical Unit, 1983, 1984, 1993, 48 pp.

The memories are a companion to Audrey, first published in 1977 with the first being a biography of
Mrs Audrey Brown and the later the autobiography of the author Arthur J. Brown. The entirety of the
book was the author’s early life in Scotland with a focus on teaching in Sunday School and his Cub
pack. The book concluded with the author’s call from God to be an officer in The Salvation Army.

Calvert, Fiona and Thomas, Judith-Rose (illustrator). LITTLE JACK THE WALLABY – A CHILDREN’S
BOOK ABOUT FEELING SAFE AND STAYING WITH FAMILY. New Town, Australia: Tasmanian
Community Fund, Safe from the Start and The Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, 2013, 16
pp.

The children’s book was part of the initiative to help children remain safe. This book helped children
understand domestic violence and how to seek help.22

Castle, Rachel and Wight, Nicholas (illustrator). JEMIMA’S LULLABY. Melbourne, Australia: Australian
Southern Territory, 2013, 24 pp.

The book for children used animals to teach against exclusion on the basis of being different.23

Cheydleur, John R. and Forster, Ed (ed.). EVERY SOBER DAY IS A MIRACLE. Alexandria, USA: Crest
Books (The Salvation Army National Headquarters, USA), 2010, 267 pp.

The collection of mini-biographies of anonymous people outlined how they were rescued from lives of
addiction through the power of Jesus Christ.

Davies, Mal and Volz, Dawn. A CENTURY OF SESSIONS – CADETS OF THE SALVATION ARMY –
AUSTRALIA. Melbourne, Australia: Salvo Publishing (The Salvation Army, Australia Southern
Territory), 2014, 107 pp.

21 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3008&cID=
22 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3141&cID=
23 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3072&cID=

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 86

The photographic history book covered the development of college buildings in the training of cadets in
Australia Southern Territory. A list of principals was given, followed by ‘class’ photographs of sessions
from 1914 to 2013.24

Dawson, Alistair. PAWS FOR THOUGHT. Croydon, UK: Alistair Dawson, 1999, 72 pp.
Around the adventures of the author’s dog, Toby a collection of devotional, thought provoking and
humorous stories were given to assist individuals meditate on eternal and day-to-day matters.

Elkington, Chris, & Damon, Emma (illustrator). MY BACKYARD THEME PARK. Melbourne, Australia:
Salvo Publishing (Australia Southern Territory), 2013, 20 pp.
The picture book was published to show children that they are special to God and important in the
community. It also included a CD where the author read the book with music written and composed by
Charlie Farmers.25

Elkington, Chris, & Marion, Edwina (illustrator), MY BACKYARD CIRCUS. Melbourne, Australia: Salvo
Publishing (Australia Southern Territory), 2016, 20 pp.
The picture book was published to show children that creativity can be used to solve problems and gave
information for parents to discuss with children.26

Evans, Robert J. DIVINE CONVERSATIONS – A JOURNAL OF PRAYER. Lonsdale, Australia: Credo
Press and The Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory, in partnership with Onkaparinga
Combined Churches 24-7 Prayer Room, 2010, 145 pp.
The book covered the development and benefits of the Onkaparinga 24-7 Combined Churches Prayer
Room. It included prayers and photographs of the room.27

24 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3368&cID=
25 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=2988&cID=
26 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3723&cID=
27 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=2173&cID=

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 87

Gariepy, Henry. A CENTURY OF SERVICE IN ALASKA – THE STORY & SAGA OF THE SALVATION
ARMY IN ‘THE LAST FRONTIER’ – 1898-1998. Rancho Palos Verdes, USA: The Salvation Army
USA Western Territory, 1998, 145 pp.

The book covered the history and development of The Salvation Army in Alaska from its invasion by
the Canadian Territory to its centenary year. Chapters were given to the native people and their work as
Salvationists and included many photographs and mini-biographies of Salvationists. Another chapter
was given on the work of the boat “M/V William Booth” and yet another which contained a historical
overview of each corps. A list of significant dates and names of Salvation Army divisional leaders was
also included.

Gilman, James A., SHENG FANG – THE PLACE OF VICTORY, ONE MAN’S EXPERIENCE OF
SALVATIONIST PIONEERING IN CHINA. London, UK: Salvation Books (The Salvation Army
International Headquarters), 2016, 214 pp.

Originally published in Chinese by Gold Wall Press, Beijing, 2012 the biography was written using the
memoirs of Brigadier James Gilman. Gilman’s ministry and appointments in China were covered, in
addition to personal thoughts at the time and in hindsight. There were numerous photographs of
Salvation Army work in that country and images of historical documents.28
Green, Roger J. WAR ON TWO FRONTS – WILLIAM BOOTH’S THEOLOGY OF REDEMPTION.
Republished by Alexandria, USA: Crest Books (The Salvation Army, National Headquarters), reprinted
2017, 151 pp.
From the author’s PhD thesis, the work uncovered the theology of William Booth from the inception of
The Christian Mission through to The Salvation Army. The research also uncovered key people who
influenced the theological foundations of the movement.29

Herron, Ray. THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH GOD RAISED UP THE SALVATION ARMY. Sunshine Coast,
Australia: Ray Herron, 2016. 37 pp.

The booklet was printed to assist with training for evangelism and youth work. It used various historical
statistics and quotations to show how the early Salvation Army grew quickly and aimed to encourage
the readers to connect with the spirit of God to assist with continual growth in contemporary society.
Hill, Dorothy J. WHERE A CITY GREW – THE SALVATION ARMY IN BOX HILL. Victoria, Australia:
The Salvation Army Box Hill Corps, 2004, 155 pp.

28 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-sheng-
fang-14349-p.asp
29 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/book-the-war-
on-two-fronts-15040-p.asp

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 88

Snippets of Box Hills Corps history was developed on a thematical approach. The appendices included;
a chronological timeline of major corps events, a list of corps and local officers, and candidates who
entered training to become officers of The Salvation Army.

Inglis-Powell, Brenda. SOLDIERS IN DIFFERENT ARMIES. Australia: Xlibris, 2012, 2014, 2017, 221 pp.

The biographical novel covered the lives of William and Ivy Inglis (nee Trethewey). The individual
family history and social history around the two families were first discussed which culminated in the
union of the couple. William Inglis narrative first commenced in Scotland and followed his move to
Australia and entry into the Australian Military for WWII. He first joined the 2/14th Battalion Band and
the book covered the service in the Middle East and his work with Major Albert Moore and The
Salvation Army’s Red Shield War Service. As Australia’s war effort moved so Inglis too moved to the
Kokoda Track. Ivy Tretheway’s narrative followed her development to The Salvation Army Training
College in 1940. It then followed her ministry in Beaudesert, Toowong, Wynnum, and Wilston. In 1944
the narratives were united, Ivy continued to serve as a soldier in The Salvation Army and also gave
service in overseas countries. Proceeds of the book went to The Salvation Army’s work with the
Australian Defence Forces.

Kleman, Eva and Kjellgren, Christina (illustrator). THROUGH MY EYES. Translated from the Swedish
original text MED MINA ÖGON by Chris Larsson, Hameenlinna, Finland, Päivä Osaakeyhtiö in
cooperation with The Salvation Army (Pelastus Armeija), Finland, 2014, 155 pp.

The devotional work came from the author’s own tragedies. Short devotions, based on many topics were
augmented by water colours.30

Koolhof, Mary and O’Rourke, Kyan (illustrator). ALICIA HELPS BEC TAKE A STAND – A STORY
ABOUT CYBERBULLYING. New Town, Australia: The Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory
and Australian Government Department of Social Services, 2013, 26 pp.

The children’s picture book described cyberbullying and actions to take towards building resilience.31

Koolhof, Mary and O’Rourke, Kyan (illustrator). JAKE AND EMILY WORK IT OUT – A STORY ABOUT
MAKING DECISIONS. New Town, Australia: The Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory and
Australian Government Department of Social Services and the Tasmanian Community Fund, 2015, 28
pp.

The children’s picture book aimed to assist young people make decisions against smoking and other
unhealthy behaviours.32

30 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at SP&S - http://www.sps-shop.com/through-my-
eyes---colonel-eva-kleman-7534-p.asp
31 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3142&cID=
32 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3459&cID=

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 89

Koolhof, Mary and O’Rourke, Kyan (illustrator). MY BROTHER SAM – A STORY ABOUT BULLYING.
New Town, Australia: The Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory and Australian Government
Department of Social Services, 2014, 28 pp.

The children’s picture book described bullying and actions to take towards building resilience.33

Koolhof, Mary and O’Rourke, Kyan (illustrator). TAHLIA AND JASMIN PLAN A PARTY – A STORY
ABOUT STAYING SAFE AND HAVING FUN. New Town, Australia: The Salvation Army, Australia
Southern Territory, Australian Government Department of Social Services and the Tasmanian
Community Fund, 2015, 28 pp.

The children’s picture book aimed to assist young people make decisions against drinking alcohol and
concerns of drinks being spiked at parties.34

Koolhof, Mary and O’Rourke, Kyan (illustrator). TOM AND JAMAL SPEAK UP – A STORY ABOUT
CYBERSAFETY. New Town, Australia: The Salvation Army, Australia Southern Territory and
Australian Government Department of Social Services, 2014, 27 pp.

The children’s picture book described cyberstalking and false online profiles for grooming. The book
also showed children what to do if the feel unsafe.35

Longhurst, E.W. MARCH FORTH! – THE HISTORY OF HORSHAM CORPS OF THE SALVATION
ARMY 1887-2011. Horsham, UK: The Salvation Army, Horsham Corps and SA Historical & Philatelic
Association, 2012, 244 pp.

The historical work was a chronological history of the corps taken from the Horsham Corps’ History
Book. A number of photographs from the corps were included.

Lydholm, Gudrun Maria. LUTHERAN SALVATIONISTS? THE DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS
REGISTRATION AS AN INDEPENDENT FAITH COMMUNITY IN THE SALVATION ARMY IN
NORWAY WITH FOCUS ON THE PERIOD 1975-2005. Eugene, USA: Wipf & Stock, 2017, 264 pp.

From research, the book unpacked issues of culture and The Salvation Army’s relationship to a state
church where Salvationists have been members of both the movement and the church. It dealt with the
pressures Salvationists’ faced to be part of a national religious culture while trying to uphold the
elements of an evangelical sub-culture.36

33 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3325&cID=
34 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3458&cID=
35 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at The Salvation Army Online Supplies Shop -
http://commerce.salvationarmy.org.au/product.asp?pID=3326&cID=
36 At the time of publication of AJSAH the book could be purchased at WIPF and Stock Publishers -
http://wipfandstock.com/lutheran-salvationists.html

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 90

Advertisements for three early Salvation Army Song Books.1

1 George Scott Railton, Heathen England and what to do for it, (London, UK: S.W. Partridge & Co., 1877), Appendix.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 91

THE POWER OF SONG
AN OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SONG BOOK OF THE SALVATION ARMY

David Woodbury

Introduction

The Song Book of The Salvation Army2 and its predecessors have been a great source of inspiration,
spiritual direction and worship for Salvationists for 135 years. Evolving from Revival Music3
through to the 2015 edition of The Song Book of The Salvation Army4 its history is perhaps best
traced through the eyes of some of the Salvation Army songwriters.

Very early in its development, The Salvation Army understood the power of song. The
founder of The Salvation Army, William Booth, fervently believed that music and song were a
powerful means of reaching the heart and soul, both of the unsaved and the saints. He came to
understand that music and song reach to the very depth of a person’s being and that it is capable of
both challenging the spirit, and stimulating a response.

Booth’s passion for the redemptive work of The Salvation Army, and the need for his people
to be fired up with a holy passion, are reflected in the words of one of his songs. Thou Christ of
burning, cleansing flame first appeared in the War Cry of 14 April 1894. It was to be sung at the
International Congress in London in July of that year.5 The final verse of the song reflects
Salvationists’ desire to have the Holy Spirit empower their lives. It is a prayer from the heart of
Booth that is as relevant today as it was over 100 years ago.

During the 17th century, Isaac Watts penned the immortal hymn, When I Survey the Wondrous
Cross.6 It ushered in a new age of hymn writing in England. He was followed in the 18th century by
perhaps the greatest of hymn writers, Charles Wesley. Wesley wrote almost 9,000 hymns and was
perhaps the most prolific and influential of all hymn writers. Many of his works can still be found in
church hymnals today and the latest publication of The Song Book of The Salvation Army is no
exception.7

The Christian Mission Hymn Book, The Revival Hymn-Book and Revival Music

As in many religious organisations, music was to play an integral part in the development of The
Salvation Army. In September 1869 The Christian Mission issued the Christian Mission Hymn
Book,8 which contained 531 hymns. The then General Superintendent Booth’s rationale for the
publication of the new book was, that;

Reference citation of this paper
David Woodbury, “The power of song; The development of The Song Book of The Salvation Army”, The
Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, 2, 2, 2017, 91-107.
2 General of The Salvation Army, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, (London, UK: International Headquarters of
The Salvation Army, 2015).
3 William Booth (compiled), A Complete Compendium of Revival Music for Evangelistic Services, Open-Air Meetings,
and The Home Circle, (London, UK: S.W. Partridge & Co, 1876).
4 General of The Salvation Army, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, 2015.
5 Gordon Taylor, Companion to the Song Book of The Salvation Army, (London, UK: The Salvation Army, 1989), 194.
6 General of The Salvation Army, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, 2015, No. 208, 75.
7 General of The Salvation Army, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, 2015.
8 William Booth (compiler), The Christian Mission Hymn Book, (London, UK: Morgan & Chase, c1869).

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 92

we have not found one containing a sufficient number of hymns suitable for the regular services
of a congregation, and at the same time adapted to all the requirements of open-air and revival
meeting.9
One advertisement for the hymn book stated that the book could be used for a variety of purposes
and had the;
…most Scriptural, clearly-expressed, hearty, enthusiastic, and useful Religious Songs, ancient
and modern, which have ever appeared in the language. Admirably adapted for use at open-air,
theatre, and other Evangelistic Services, and for the daily rejoicing of persons in their first
love.10
From The Christian Mission Hymn Book, Booth took 118 of the hymns “especially suitable for
Special Services” to develop The Revival Hymn-Book.11 Then Revival Music12 was used by the
forerunner of The Salvation Army, The Christian Mission. It appeared in 1876 and contained 494
hymns.13

The Christian Mission Hymn Book, c1869.14
In his preface to Revival Music, Booth encouraged his people to “sing of salvation and aim to
save souls by singing as well as by proclaiming the gospel of the Grace of God.”15 Booth was
convinced of the power of song and stated that he considered the songs that made the best singing,
were those composed in the simple language of the people. He insisted that the airs to which they

9 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, xiii.
10 Railton, Heathen England, Appendix.
11 Railton, Heathen England, Appendix.
12 Booth (compiled), Revival Music, 1876.
13 Of these hymns, 34 songs remained in the 1986 edition of The Song Book of The Salvation Army. General of The
Salvation Army, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, (St Albans, UK: International Headquarters, 1986).
14 Hymn Book from The Salvation Army International Heritage Centre, London. Photograph courtesy of Garth R.
Hentzschel.
15 Booth (compiled), Revival Music, 1876, iv.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 93

should be sung must be such as would “stick” to the people and make them go humming them
about their houses and workshops.

Revival Music, 1876.16
Songs of The Salvation Army, known as The Christian Mission17

By 1878 the evolution from The Christian Mission to The Salvation Army was well underway, and
with the change came a change in terminology. A revised edition of The Christian Mission Hymn
Book was published, and the change from hymns to songs became apparent when it was rebranded
as: Songs of The Salvation Army, known as The Christian Mission.18 In this publication were a
number of songs which had been composed to fit some of the secular tunes of the day, a feat at
which the Army became quite adept.19

Songs from the music halls, well known to the general populace, were quickly adapted by
Salvation Army writers to bring home the missional message of God’s grace and salvation for all. It
may well have been that Booth was somewhat uncomfortable with the use of the profane ditties of
the music hall, but he came to see the value of putting saving words to some well-known melodies.
Perhaps one of the best known was the chorus, Bless His name, He sets me free, written by William
Baugh and set to Champagne Charlie, a lively music hall song by George Leybourne and Alfred
Lee.20

Although the song was not published in the song book until the 1953 edition,21 the words
appeared in the Christmas War Cry of 1881. The first recorded use of the tune occurred during the

16 Book from The Salvation Army International Heritage Centre, London. Photograph courtesy of Garth R. Hentzschel.
17 William Booth (Ed.), Songs of The Salvation Army, known as The Christian Mission, (London, UK: The Salvation
Army, 1878).
18 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, xv.
19 See the discussion in Garth R. Hentzschel, “Why should the devil have all the good music? The Christian use of
contrafactum and parody”, (The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Vol. 1, Iss. 2, 2016), 155-181.
20 See the discussion in Hentzschel, “Why should the devil have all the good music?”, 161-165.
21 The General (Albert Orsborn, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, (London, UK: Salvationist Publishing &
Supplies, 1953).

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 94

visit of Booth to Worcester in February 1882, when “Sailor” Fielder sang the words.22 Booth’s early
reticence over the use of this secular tunes was eventually alleviated and later writers claimed Booth
posed the question: “Why should the devil have all the best tunes?”23

The Hosanna Songs of The Salvation Army (6 July, 1879)

On 6 July 1879 The Salvation Army published Hosanna Songs of The Salvation Army. This marked
a significant change in the direction of Salvation Army music, with the publication of songs that
were distinctively original Salvation Army Songs.24

At this period of its development, The Salvation Army was evolving from a small mission
society based on church structure, to an organisation based on a military structure and utilising
military terminology. Such a change enabled The Salvation Army to have a very clear missional
focus. With that focus it needed music with a distinctive message to drive its missional message of
universal salvation.

Salvation Army music emerged, not out the cloistered sanctuary, but out the grist of the
missional mill, the fetid air of the gin palace, the obscenities of the brothel and the damp and
clammy existence of the homeless under the bridges of the Thames. General Albert Orsborn said:

Let it be remembered that Salvationists write their songs, not in some secluded place, nice and
quiet and ideal for meditation … they write their songs in the hurly burly of our warfare, and I
wrote my songs under such circumstances, during war experiences in London, in the harvest
and the most difficult of places, and in my own domestic circumstances surrounded by my little
children, in the midst of life and not outside it, these songs were written.25

Perhaps out of all our early mission officers, William Pearson stands out as one who had a
clear missional mindset. A prolific writer of Salvation Army songs, Pearson was born in Derby in
1832. He spent his early years in the Traffic Street Primitive Methodist church. At 14 years of age
Pearson surrendered his life to God and later became a local preacher. In 1874, he moved to London
to join The Christian Mission where he served as superintendent in a number of mission stations. In
1878 Pearson was stationed in Bradford when the mission changed its name to The Salvation Army.
The next year he was appointed as the manager of The Salvation Army bookstore. For a number of
years he wrote a new song each week for The War Cry and contributed to the Musical Salvationist
publication.26 The 1879 edition of Heathen England included advertisements for Salvation Songs,
The Salvation Song-Book, Hallelujah Book and Salvation Music.27

22 Gordon Cox, The Musical Salvationist – The world of Richard Slater (1854- 1939), (Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell
Press, 2011), 27.
23 See the discussion in Hentzschel, “Why should the devil have all the good music?”
24 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, xv.
25 Audio recording of Albert Orsborn speaking about his songs. File held at The Salvation Army Heritage Centre,
Sydney.
26 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, 387.
27 George Scott Railton, Heathen England, Being a description of the utterly godless condition of the vast majority of
the English nation, and of the establishment, growth, system, and success of an Army for its Salvation, consisting of
working people under the generalship of William Booth (3rd Ed), (London, UK: S.W. Partridge, & Co., 1897),
Appendix.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 95

Salvation Army Songs (July, 1899)28
By 1899, Salvation Army music was developing rapidly and Booth appointed Richard Slater to
compile a new song book. Slater later recorded that he:

…gathered all likely material, going through 11-thousand songs, both from hymn-books of all
kinds, as well as from The Army’s own sources, for a vast outburst of song creation had marked
The Army’s life since the 1873 book was compiled.29

Salvation Army Songs owned by
Commissioner Lucy Milward Booth-Hellberg.30
Following Slater’s work, Booth and a council of selected officers met together several times to
consider the songs submitted for the new book. The result was Salvation Army Songs of 1899 which
contained 870 songs and a section of 216 choruses.

Lt.-Colonel Richard Slater composing
music for the Song Book.31

28 General Booth (Compiled), Salvation Army Songs, (London, UK, International Headquarters of The Salvation Army,
1899).
29 The Local Officer and Bandsmen, (Melbourne, 1 February 1936), 3.
30 Song Book from The Salvation Army International Heritage Centre, London. Photograph courtesy of Garth R.
Hentzschel.
31 Photograph courtesy of The Salvation Army Heritage Centre, Sydney.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 96

Richard Slater

Slater, who in many ways became the father of Salvation Army music, was to have a significant
impact on The Salvation Army. He was a prolific writer and composer and wrote some 500 songs,
many published in The Musical Salvationist. He also contributed selections and other arrangements
for The Band Journal. Born in Clerkenwell, London, on 7 June 1854, Slater displayed great musical
talent quite early in his life. He eventually became a music teacher and a member of the Royal
Albert Orchestral Society.

Richard Slater early in his
Salvation Army officer career.32

After dabbling for a while in rationalism, Slater was converted in a holiness meeting at Regent Hall
Corps of The Salvation Army in September 1882. The following year he commenced work in the
newly formed Salvation Army Music Department, eventually taking charge of the department until
his retirement, with the rank of brigadier, in 1923. During his retirement he returned to the
department and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel.33 Among his many compositions
Slater is best remembered for the following words and music;

And is it so? A gift from me
Dost Thou, dear Lord, request?
Then speak Thy will, whate'er it be:

Obeying, I am blest.

I have not much to give Thee, Lord,
For that great love which made Thee mine:

I have not much to give Thee, Lord,
But all I have is Thine.34

For over thirty years the 1899 edition of Salvation Army Songs35 did great service. It went
through several revisions during that time. Richard Slater was to write of it:

It is of interest to make some comparisons between the three chief Army Song Books. The 1873
book was hardly indebted in any way to the Founder and his people for original songs. The

32 Photograph courtesy of The Salvation Army Heritage Centre, Sydney.
33 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, 413f.
34 General of The Salvation Army, The Song Book of The Salvation Army, (2015), No. 570.
35 Booth (Compiled), Salvation Army Songs, 1899.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 97

1899 book presented a marvellous difference in this respect, for by this time The Army had its
writers of verses as well as composers of accompanying music.36
Among those who contributed was a Scottish Salvationist, Robert Johnson. A competent
violinist, Johnson became an officer and a member of the ‘Singing Brigade’ at the London Training
Home.37 Among his songs was one set to the music hall ditty, Here’s to good old whiskey. This
popular tune was applied to Johnson’s missional song, Storm the forts of darkness. Published in
Salvation Army Songs, Part 2, it was introduced by Johnson at Bristol Circus on 26 February
1884.38 Reflecting the Army’s focus on mission it soon became popular with Salvation Army
congregations.

Herbert Booth

Perhaps the most influential and creative songwriters of this era was Herbert Booth, fifth child of
William and Catherine Booth, born at Penzance on 26 August 1862. Possessed with a creative and
inspirational temperament, Herbert was to make a significant contribution to Salvation Army music.
While assisting his sister Catherine (Kate) Booth to pioneer the Army’s work in France, he began
writing songs in French. On his return to England he was placed in charge of the newly established
music department at Clapton, London. During this period, he was responsible for forming singing
groups with the cadets who were in training at Clapton Training Home. It was during this time that
Herbert penned the words of the song: Blessed Lord in thee is refuge.39 Discouraged and unable to
secure sufficient funds for the new Men’s Training Garrison in London, Herbert tried putting pen to
paper, and when an unexpected cheque arrived he penned the final verse of the song; O for trust
that brings the triumph when defeat seems strangely near!40 This song first appeared in a booklet
called Songs of the Nations, published in 1886 for the International Congress.

Herbert and Cornelie Booth41

36 The Local Officer and Bandsmen, (Melbourne, 1 February 1936), 3.
37 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, 339.
38 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, 169.
39 Booth (Compiled), Salvation Army Songs, 1899, No. 471, 331.
40 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, 18.
41 The Young Solider, (Melbourne, n.d., 1895), n.p..

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 98

John Lawley
Perhaps no other officer was closer to William Booth than Commissioner John Lawley who acted
as Booth’s aide-de-camp and was his loyal companion from 1890 until Booth's death in
1912. While evangelist Billy Graham realised the power of song and had singers Cliff Barrows and
George Beverly Shea to support him, Booth had Lawley, who composed songs and sang solos.
Following Lawley’s death, General Bramwell Booth said of him, “he sang his way through this life
and he will sing his way through eternity.”42

John Lawley43
Lawley’s first song for The Salvation Army was written at Jarrow in 1879, and by 1916 he
had contributed 19 of his songs to The Salvation Army Song Book, with many more in other
publications.44 With the heart of an evangelist, Lawley’s songs reflect his passion for souls and a
positive awareness of his own salvation.
There were again more song books which have been forgotten to time or were older volumes
renamed, for example an 1883 publication advertised books called: Salvation Songs, which
contained “upwards of 600 songs”; Salvation Army Music, which contained both tunes and words;
Salvation Soldiers’ Song Book that sold for one penny; and Holiness Hymns, especially “adapted for
All Night and Holiness Meetings”.45

The cover of the Australian edition of Salvation Soldiers’ Song Book.46

42 Wikipedia, “John Lawley”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lawley ¶ 19, updated 17 May 2017, accessed on 25
July 2017.
43 Photograph courtesy of The Salvation Army Heritage Centre, Sydney.
44 Wikipedia, “John Lawley”.
45 Railton, Heathen England, (5th Ed), (London, UK: G.T. Horn, Manager, Salvation Army Book Depot, c1883), 190.
46 Australian edition of the Salvation Soldiers’ Song Book, Photograph courtesy of Garth R Hentzschel.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 99

Salvation Army Song Book (1930)47
In the early part of the 20th Century Bramwell Booth established a song book council to review the
1899 song book. When it was published by General Higgins in 1930, it included 1,003 songs and
730 choruses, and included 300 new songs.48

The Founder’s song, O boundless salvation, which in some ways has become the anthem of
The Salvation Army, had gained a unique status and was placed first in the 1930 song book.
Perhaps for Salvationists, no other composition reflects the power of song than does this one by the
Founder. First written in one, long evening for the 1893 Boundless Salvation spiritual campaign in
Great Britain, it was premiered at the Boundless Congress weekend, on 14-15 November 1893, in
London’s Exeter Hall.49

The Salvation Army Song Book, 1930.50
The seven verses of O boundless salvation are a development of thought that allows the
congregation to follow the Founder’s significant progression through a simple, yet profound
imagery - the ocean as the all-inclusive, redeeming love of Christ. Other verses seem to be a
personal testimony by Booth, reflecting the grace of God in his own life. It concluded with the all-
embracing statement, “for you and for me!”
While Booth’s imagery reflected the late Victorian age, Ronald Holz stated:

47 The General (Edward Higgins), The Salvation Army Song Book, (London, UK: Salvationist Publishing & Supplies, 1
March, 1930).
48 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, xvii.
49 Taylor, Companion to the Song Book, 124.
50 Song Book from The Salvation Army International Heritage Centre, London. Photograph courtesy of Garth R.
Hentzschel.

The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017. Page 100