IECCEC 2022 E-PROCEEDINGS ABSTRACT

E-Proceeding (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference (IECCEC 2022)

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online i Preface Assalamualaikum and greetings to all, Alhamdulillah, thanks to Allah SWT, with His permission and grace, the Proceedings of articles abstract from 2nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference (IECCEC 2022) successfully produced. Congratulations to all staffs of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), especially National Child Development Research Centre (NCDRC) and Faculty of Human Development (FPM) committed to the success of this conference. Appreciation is also aimed to all research articles presenters for their contribution in making this international conference where can experience sharing and brainstorming towards forging success in the field of education globally. Indeed, the theme IECCEC 2022, which is “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations & Promoting Creativity” has been chosen to show our concern on the best practices and latest development in ECCE. The conference aims for national and international multidisciplinary academicians, researchers, practitioners, students and experts to exchange and share their knowledge in early childhood development, care and education. This abstract proceeding is also a group of research and presenter from collaboration partners from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), UNITAR International University, SEGI University, Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara (KUPTM), Muhammadiyah Aceh University Indonesia, Al-Bukhary International University (AIU) and Wawasan Open University (WOU). Lastly, hoped that this abstract proceeding can be used as a reference and guide to the Early Childhood Education for excellence and quality of education globally. Thank you and congratulations to all the committee members who successfully conducted the international conference to produced this abstract proceeding. Thank you.

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online ii TABLE OF CONTENT NUM. TITLE PAGES 1. Relationship Between Parents’ Problematic Smartphone Use, Technoference And Children’s Socio-Emotional Development Aini Syahira Jamaluddin, Aina Yasmin Mohd Amin, Nurul Nabilah Ahmad Jujiannifadly 1 2. The Trend of Parental Involvement among Malaysian and Indonesian Parents in Early Childhood Education: A Preliminary Study Aliffa Yulistiani Khairiyyah, Nida Hanifah, Nur Aneira Safiah,Nooraida Yakob 2 3. Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Proses Sains Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Sains Awal Di Tadika Asmidar Abu Hasan 3 4. The Effects Of Youtube Toward Children’s Socio-Emotional Behavior Asyrofah Muya Syaroh, Nurfirdaw Muhi, Nor Hashimah Hashim 5 5. The Development And Implementation Of Health, Nutrition, And Safety Modules For Preschool Children In Rural Areas Auliantika Selian, Nor Hashimah Hashim 6 6. Nutritionional Status And Cognitive Development In Early Childhood Badrialaily, Abdul Halim Masnan 7 7. Spatial Cognition Through Mapping Among Young Children Chan Kar Lai 8 8. The Development Of A Parental Relationship And Involvement Iterative Model (Prii-M) For An Early Care And Childhood Education (Ecce) Centre In Malaysia Gurdip Kaur Saminder Singh ,Abdul Halim Masnan 9 9. Kesahan Muka Bagi Indikator Kemahiran Literasi Awal Berdasarkan Perspektif Pendidik Juppri Bacotang, Adibah Abdul Latif, Siti Farhana Md. Yasin, Connie Shin @ Connie Cassy Ompok, Muhamad Suhaimi Taat, Nur Suhaidah Sukor 10

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online iii NUM. TITLE PAGES 10. Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan Modul Tarian Tradisional Melayu Zapin Bagi Kalangan Kanak-KanakPrasekolah Maisarah Mohd Alim, Azizah Zain, Siti Nor Amalina Ahmad Tajuddin 12 11. Effectiveness Of Using Early Reading Book To Improve Emergent Literature In Dyslexia Children Maria Ulfa,Norfishah Mat Rabi, Nur Hasmalawati 14 12. Analisis Keperluan: Kebolehgunaan Modul Pendidikan Keusahawanan Kanak-Kanak Melalui Kaedah Bermain Mohamad Shafiq Zaini, Abdul Halim Masnan 15 13. The Importance Of Pre-Writing Skills Among Preschool Children Mohd Aminuddin Jusoh, Nur Aliah Maisarah Azman 17 14. Pemantauan Ibu Bapa Terhadap Keselamatan Siber Kanak-Kanak Nor Azah Abdul Aziz,Che Zarrina Saari, Suzaily Wahab 18 15. Keberkesanan Pengajaran Perbendaharaan Kata Melalui Lagu Kanak-Kanak Dari Perspektif Guru Awal Kanak- Kanak Nur Ayuni Ahya Mohd Fisol, Nur Qamarina Aqirah Mohd Tarmizi 19 16. Pembangunan Modul Pengajaran Bahasa Inggeris Cefr Bagi Kemahiran Mendengar Dan Bertutur Untuk Membantu Pengajaran Guru Prasekolah Kpm Nur Azilla Zailan, Mazlina Che Mustafa 21 17. Gaya Keibubapaan Terhadap Tahap Masalah Tingkah Laku Anak-Anak Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Di Sabah Nur Hanis Sofiyah Mohamad Tawpik 23 18. Pendekatan Projek Meningkatkan Tahap Kemahiran Aras Tinggi (Menilai) Dalam Kalangan Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah Nur Hidayah Shazira Mohd Shukor, Mazlina Che Mustafa, Norazilawati Abdullah 25

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online iv NUM. TITLE PAGES 19. Kebolehgunaan Modul Bermain Olok-Olok: Kajian Rintis Mengenai Analisis Keperluan Pembinaan Modul Bermain OlokOlok Untuk Menggalakkan Kemahiran KomunikasiSosial KanakKanak Nur Iman Aishah Azhar, Iylia Dayana Shamsudin 26 20. Kesahan Dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Skala Masalah PenggunaanPeranti Mudah Alih Nur Nabilah Abdullah 28 21. Preschool Children’s Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (Kap) On Health Nurul Aliah Mustafa, Nor Hashimah Hashim, Yogambigai Utandi 30 22. Understanding Stress Among Young Parents Of Children With Autism; A Qualitative Study Nurul Khairani Ismail, Hasrul Hosshan, Nurbieta Abdul Aziz, Abdul Halim Masnan, Mohd Muslim Md Zali,Norsayyidatina Che Rozubi 31 23. Issues And Challenges For The Implementation Of Preschool Stream Education: What Do The Preschool Teachers Say? Anna Phang Wai Leng, Chong Meei Chyun, Mazlina Che Mustafa, Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil 32 24. Employing The Design And Development (Ddr) Approach: Designing The Integrated Thematic Preschool Stream Module Anna Phang Wai Leng, Mazlina Che Mustafa, Mohd Ridhuan Bin Mohd Jamil 33 25. A Case Study On Kindergarten Children’s Social Behaviors During Peer Play Ren Wen Xia, Phang Wai Leng, Mazlina Che Mustafa 34 26. Fostering Preschool Children’s Creative Thinking In Mathematics AndSpatial Abilities Using Tangram Puzzles Rouney Saly, Prof. Munirah Ghazali & Ildefonso Halipa 35 27. The Development Of A Teaching Strategy Model For Preschool English Reading Skills In Malaysia Salisu Mariam Oluwatoyin, Mazlina Che Mustafa, Wong Kung Teck 36

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online v NUM. TITLE PAGES 28. Teacher’s Perspective: The Obstacles To Implement High Order Thinking Skills (Hots) Towards Cognitive Development At Kindergarten Siti Nor Ain Ibrahim, Farah Najiha Ahmad 37 29. Hubungan Gaya Keibubapaan Dengan Tingkah Laku Devian DalamKalangan Kanak-Kanak Berumur Lima Hingga Enam Tahun Siti Nur Ain Binti Wil, Normazita Hashim 38 30. The Development And Effectiveness Of Interactive Multimedia-Based Nutrition Education Module (Imnem) On Knowledge, Attitude, Practice About Nutrition, Growth Monitoring, Breastfeeding, And Child Feeding Practice Among Mothers With Stunted Children: A Concept Paper Susheela Ismail, Nurfarhana Diana Mohd Nor, Nurul Fadhilah Abdullah 40 31. Pembinaan Dan Kebolehgunaan Modul Sosioemosi Dalam Membina Penaakulan Moral Kanak-Kanak Syasya Afizza Zazali, Zaharah Osman 41 32. Parents’ Perceptions And Knowledge In Managing Challenging Behaviours Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Lee Wei Tan, Hasrul Hosshan 43 33. Persepsi Ibu Bapa Terhadap Prestasi Pembelajaran Murid Prasekolah Melalui Pembelajaran Secara Atas Talian Sewaktu Pandemik Covid-19 Nurasmira Aleesha Ahmad, Nur Suhaidah Sukor 44 34. E-Learning And Covid-19 Lockdown: Multiple Case Studies Of Rural Schools In Malaysia Aini Syahira Jamaluddin, Aina Yasmin Mohd Amin, Nurul Nabilah Ahmad Jujiannifadly 46 35. Development Of Snake And Ladder Board Game To Improve Reading Skill Of Children Kindergarten Elis Komalasari, Sri Hidayatus Sholihin, Afriyane Ismandela 47 36. Children As Consultants: A Constructivist-Negotiated Approach To Art Activity Planning Cherry Justine Chie 48

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS’ PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USE, TECHNOFERENCE AND CHILDREN’S SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Aini Syahira Jamaluddin1 , Aina Yasmin Mohd Amin2 , Nurul Nabilah Ahmad Jujiannifadly3 School of Education and Human Sciences, Albukhary International University1,2&3 [email protected] ABSTRACT In the 21st Century, technology has provided numerous benefit for people to strengthen their relationship with each other but there are also disadvantages of using it. It also contributes to lower quality of interaction among people especially among parents and children. This could be due to technology disrupting the relationship between parents and children. This phenomenon is known as technoference. Parents distraction with their smartphones could affect the responsiveness and attention given to their children especially infants and toddlers as they need attention and care from parents the most. When children are not given sufficient attention, they could easily feel frustrated which could lead to tantrums and low self-esteem. Thus, this study explored the relationships between parents’ problematic smartphone use, technoference and children’s socio-emotional behavior development. Data were collected from parents with 1 to 4-year-old children from two districts in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The findings shown that parents’ smartphone use is not associated with children’s socio-emotional development. However, it is found that technoference plays the role as a mediator in the relationship between parents’ smartphone use and children’s socio-emotional development. This shows that children’s socioemotional development is impaired only when smartphones disturbs the relationship between parents and children. Keywords: Parents’ Smartphone Use; Technoference; Children’s Socio-Emotional Development

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 2 THE TREND OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AMONG MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN PARENTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY Aliffa Yulistiani Khairiyyah1 , Nida Hanifah2 , Nur Aneira Safiah3 & Nooraida Yakob4 School of Education and Human Sciences Albukhary International University, Malaysia1,2,3&4 [email protected] ABSTRACT An important factor in a child's development is the partnership between parents and schools. Children will feel good about school and perform better if parents have a good relationship with their teachers. However, the parents globally show different kinds of parental involvement in the school. The aim of this study is to investigate the trend of parental involvement types in Early Childhood Education among Malaysian and Indonesian parents. This study also provides suggestions to improve parents-school partnership. Data was collected using a questionnaire which was developed by Joyce Eipstein. The measure is based on the framework of six types of involvement. Results showed that Malaysian parents lean towards ‘learning at home’ while Indonesian parents are involved in ‘parenting’. Furthermore, this study suggests that the school needs to improve the quality of parent involvement and partnership by providing family support and services, increasing parent’s skills and leadership, connecting parents with others in the school and community, and involving parents in the schoolworks and programmes. Keywords: Parental Involvement, Malaysian Parents, Indonesian Parents, Early Childhood Education

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 3 PELAKSANAAN KEMAHIRAN PROSES SAINS DALAM PENGAJARAN DANPEMBELAJARAN SAINS AWAL DI TADIKA Asmidar binti Abu Hasan Fakulti Pendidikan, Kemanusiaan dan Sastera, Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara (KUPTM), 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekuatan Kuala Lumpur [email protected] ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti pelaksanaan kemahiran proses Sains oleh guru dalam Tunjang Sains dan Teknologi bagi Sains Awal dalam kalangan kanak-kanak di TADIKA. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah pemerhatian, temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Seramai 3 orang guru dan 54 orang kanak-kanak dari 3 TADIKA di daerah Setiawangsa, Kuala Lumpur di pilih sebagai responden melalui pensampelan bertujuan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah borang senarai semak pemerhatian bagi mewakili 6 kategori kemahiran proses sains iaitu memerhati, mengelas, mengukur, menginferens, meramal dan komunikasi. Data di analisis secara naratif. Data kajian diperoleh menerusi hasil tringulasidaripada pemerhatian, temu bual tidak berstuktur dan analisis dokumen. Senarai semak digunakan semasa membuat pemerhatian kaedah pengajaran guru, temu bual untuk mendapatkanmaklumat berkaitan pengetahuan guru dalam kemahiran proses Sains manakala analisis dokumen yang melibatkan rancangan pengajaran harian (RPH), jadual waktu dan hasil kerja kanak-kanak semasa aktiviti Sains Awal. Pemerhatian dilaksanakan selama 45 minit hingga 1jam bagi setiap aktiviti untuk setiap TADIKA selama 3 minggu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan guru dalam kemahiran proses Sains adalah rendah. Guru hanya menggunakan kemahiran memerhati, meramal dan komunikasi manakala kemahiran yang kurang digunakan adalah mengelas, mengukur dan menginferens. Dapatan menunjukkan penggunaan kemahiran proses Sains dalam memerhati, meramal dan komunikasi oleh guru telah meningkatkan penguasaan kanak-kanak dalam kemahiran tersebut. Hasil dapatan temu bual mendedahkanhakikatnya guru kurang menguasai kemahiran proses Sains yang disampaikan semasa pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains Awal. Kesimpulannya, pelaksanaan kemahiran proses Sains adalah lemah disebabkan kurangnya pendedahan dalam Tunjang Sains dan Teknologi dalam kalangan guru TADIKA. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan kemahiran proses Sains perlu dilaksanakan di dalam Tunjang Sains dan Teknologi untuk meningkatkan kemahiran kanakkanak dalam Sains Awal. Oleh itu, lebih banyak kursus dan latihan perlu diberikan kepada guru-guru TADIKA untuk meningkatkan kefahaman guru dalam Tunjang Sains dan Teknologi terutamanya Sains Awal supaya kanak-kanak dapat mengaplikasikan kemahiran proses Sains dalam kehidupan seharian. Kata kunci : Kemahiran Proses Sains, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran, Guru, Kanak-kanak, Sains Awal

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 4 ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the implementation of science process skills by teachers for the Pillars of Science and Technology of Early Science among children in kindergartens. In this study a qualitative approach through observation, interview and document analysis method had been used. A total of 3 teachers and 54 children from 3 kindergartens in the district of Setiawangsa, Kuala Lumpur were selected as respondents through purposive sampling. The instrument used was an observation checklist form to represent the 6 categories of Scienceprocess skills, namely observing, classifying, measuring, inferring, predicting and communication. Data was analyzed narrative. Study data was obtained through triangulation results from observations, unstructured interviews and document analysis. Checklists were used when making observations on teachers’ teaching methods, these interviews to see relevantinformation teachers’ knowledge in science process skills. While document analysis involved daily lesson plans (RPH), timetables and children's work during Early Science Learning. The observations had done for 45 minutes to 1 hour in each activity for every kindergarten in 3 weeks. Findings showed that the implementation of teachers in science process skills were low. The teachers only using observation, prediction and communication skills while the least skills used by the teachers were classifying, measuring and inferring. Findings show that the use of science process skills in observation, followed by predicting and communication by teachers has improved children’s understanding of these skills. The results of the interviews revealed the fact that teachers did not fully mastered the Science process skills during the teaching and learning of Early Science. Findings showed, the implementation of science process skills is weak due to lackof exposure to the Pillars of Science and Technology in Early Science among preschool and kindergarten teachers. The implications of this study show that science process skills need to be implemented in the Science and Technology Pillar to improve children’s skills in Early Science. Therefore, more courses and trainings should be given to kindergarten teachers to increase teachers' understanding in the Pillars of Science and Technology especially Early Science so that children could apply science process skills in their daily life. Keywords: Science Process Skills, Teaching and Learning, Teachers, Children, Early Science

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 5 THE EFFECTS OF YOUTUBE TOWARD CHILDREN’S SOCIOEMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR Asyrofah Muya Syaroh1 , Nurfirdaw Muhi2 , Nor Hashimah Hashim3 School of Education and Human Sciences, Albukhary International University, Malaysia1,2&3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the parent’s view on the impact of YouTube on children’s socio-emotional behavior and the suggestions for the Alpha generation in terms of the usage of YouTube. Currently, the development of advanced technology rates resulted in a significant impact to people of all ages. This advanced technology also brought some changes including on children development specifically on social-emotional behavior. It is believed that the Alpha generation’s screen time consumption is increased from time to time along with the development of technology that possibly caused addiction. Structured questionnaire consisting of 10 to 11 questions with open and closed-ended questions were given to 15 random respondents consist of parents with children aged 1 to 6 years old around Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. The analysis showed that YouTube gives negative impacts on children’s socio-emotional behavior, namely being unresponsive and frequently throwing tantrums caused by the addiction of using YouTube. It can be concluded that to reduce the negative impacts, there needs to be a collaboration between parents and children in limiting the screen time as well as enough supervision from parents or adults. For future study, it is suggested that the research be conducted in a longer period and to a greater extent for respondents to get further information. Keywords: YouTube, Socio-Emotional Behavior, Alpha Generation, Screen Time

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 6 THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND SAFETY MODULES FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS Auliantika Selian1 , Nor Hashimah Hashim2 School of Education and Human Sciences, Albukhary International University, Alor Star, Kedah, Malaysia1&2 [email protected] , [email protected] 2 ABSTRACT The importance of health, nutrition, and safety in certain preschools is still underestimated, specifically in preschools in rural areas, due to several factors, namely, the lack of teacher training, a lack of information, and a lack of resources, which result in child malnutrition and obesity. The Health, Nutrition, and Safety (HNS) module will be designed based on learning theories such as Cognitive and Ecological Theories. The module comprises three health-related teaching and learning activities, three nutrition-related teaching and learning activities, and three safety-related teaching and learning activities. The purpose of this paper is to propose a preschool-aged child's Health, Nutrition, and Safety (HNS) module. This module will be validated by experts and piloted to preschoolers in rural areas prior to implementation in the actual study. In this study, qualitative research will be used. Interview questions and an observation checklist will be developed. The participants in this study will be a group of preschoolers from Sik, Kedah (about 20–25 children). Five preschoolers will be chosen at random to be engaged in the interview and observation. The module will be implemented within 12 weeks by the preschoolers by the researcher. The findings will be expected to provide early educators with the knowledge and abilities to advance the health and well-being of preschoolers. In addition, promoting children's understanding of how health, nutrition, and safety affect their physical, mental, and emotional well-being as supports normal growth supports maintaining healthy body weight, and lowers their chance of developing chronic diseases. Keywords: Health, Nutrition, Safety, Preschool Rural Areas

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 7 NUTRITIONIONAL STATUS AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD Badrialaily1 , Abdul Halim Masnan2 National Child Development Research Centre (NCDRC), Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak1 , Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Growth implies a change in body size and structure so it is more related to physical changes. Factors that influence the growth and development of early childhood are genetic or hereditary. Cognitive ability is a whole individual to take purposeful actions, think rationally, and deal with the environment effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between children's nutritional status and early childhood cognitive development in Banda Aceh Municipality. This study used quantitative research methods with a total sample of 62 people. Data analysis using Linear Regression by using SPSS. This research took place in the Banda Aceh Municipality. The results of this study illustrate that 53.20% of early childhood in Banda Aceh City are in normal nutritional status. A significant value of 0.000 <0.05, means that there is a significant relationship. This research provides an excellent increase in education about the nutritional status of children in cognitive development. Keywords: Children's Nutritional Status, Cognitive Development, Early Childhood

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 8 SPATIAL COGNITION THROUGH MAPPING AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN Chan Kar Lai National Child Development Research Centre (NCDRC) Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia [email protected] ABSTRACT Spatial cognition begins when babies become aware of their surroundings and this inquisitive nature grows as they continue to interact with their environment. To understand this further, a case study was undertaken to investigate how young children comprehend large-scale maps of their neighborhoods. Large-scale maps of local areas are important in any scheme of map work on local studies and maps have always put children’s natural curiosity about their environment at work. This study explored the differing mapping abilities among four young children and the kind of experience they have with a variety of map work assigned in this study. Tasks were designed to identify spatial abilities such as (1) Pattern Prediction: what young children will be able to recognize in an environment and to predict these similar patterns on a map, (2) Place Understanding: how young children identify characteristics of various locations in their neighborhood and (3) Spatial Organization: how young children represent spatial data on a map. Qualitative data in this study were sourced from observation, interviews, and child-generated map artifacts. The result shows that the participants were able to distinguish symbols used in pictorial maps, but cartographic maps were challenging for younger children. Children’s place knowledge was closely related to their experience with their surroundings and their route map from home to school was more organized with the progression of age and experience. Keywords: Spatial Cognition, Large-Scale Map, Young Children

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 9 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP AND INVOLVEMENT ITERATIVE MODEL (PRII-M) FOR AN EARLY CARE AND CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECCE) CENTRE IN MALAYSIA Gurdip Kaur Saminder Singh*1 , Abdul Halim Masnan2 Faculty of Education and Humanities, UNITAR International University, Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia1 National Child Development Research Centre, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Parental relationship is an important criterion for child growth. The substantial purpose of this study was to analyse the current parental relationship and involvement practices at an Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Centre in Malaysia and consequently propose a model for parental involvement based on Epstein’s framework. Qualitative study using the triangulation of data sources indicated four major findings- students background, parental relationship with children, parental relationship with the ECCE centre and the ECCE centre’s initiative for parental involvement. Based on these findings, a model for parental involvement centred on Epstein’s framework, known as Parental Relationship and Involvement Iterative Model (PRII-M) was developed. Keywords: Parental Relationship, Parental Involvement, Early Care and Childhood Education (ECCE)

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 10 KESAHAN MUKA BAGI INDIKATOR KEMAHIRAN LITERASI AWAL BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIK Face Validity for Early Literacy Skills Indicators from Educator’s Perspective Juppri Bacotang1 , Adibah Abdul Latif2 , Siti Farhana Md. Yasin3 , Connie Shin @ Connie Cassy Ompok4 , Muhamad Suhaimi Taat5 , Nur Suhaidah Sukor6 Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia1,4,5,6 School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia2 Faculty of Education, Languages and Psychology, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti kesahan muka bagi Indikator Kemahiran Literasi Awal (IKLA) berdasarkan perspektif pendidik yang digunakan untuk menilai kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak berumur 3+ hingga 4+ tahun. Pengkaji menjalankan kajian tinjauan deskriptif terhadap 21 orang pendidik untuk mendapatkan kesahan muka bagi IKLA. Pengkaji telah mengedarkan Borang Soal Selidik Kesahan Muka (Pendidik) bagi IKLA, dan satu salinan lengkap IKLA kepada setiap pendidik yang mengandungi beberapa media, iaitu; (i) Buku Panduan IKLA; (ii) Buku Cerita “Ta Ta Rumah”; (iii) Borang Catatan Skor Kanak-kanak; dan (iv) Microsoft Excel IKLA. Setiap pendidik bertanggungjawab untuk menilai kesemua media IKLA tersebut dalam aspek bahasa, ruang dan saiz tulisan, kejelasan, dan kesesuaian dalam mengukur kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kesahan muka bagi IKLA yang merangkumi kesemua media tersebut adalah tinggi. Ini bermakna IKLA mempunyai kesahan muka yang baik dalam menilai kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak. Oleh itu, IKLA sesuai digunakan oleh pendidik untuk menilai kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak berumur 3+ hingga 4+ tahun dengan sah. Kata kunci: Kemahiran Literasi Awal, Awal Kanak-Kanak, Alat Penilaian, Kesahan Muka

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 11 ABSTRACT This article aims to identify face validity of the Early Literacy Skills Indicators (IKLA) from educator’s perspective used to assess early literacy skills of children ages 3+ to 4+ years. The researchers conducted a descriptive survey of 21 educators to gain face validity for IKLA. The researcher has distributed the Face Validity Questionnaire (Educator) Form, and a complete copy of the IKLA to each educator containing several media, namely; (i) IKLA Guidebook; (ii) the “Ta Ta House” storybook; (iii) Child Scores Record Form; and (iv) IKLA Microsoft Excel. Each educator is responsible for evaluating all of the IKLA media in terms of language, space and text size, clarity, and appropriateness in measuring early literacy skills of children. The findings of the study show that the face validity of IKLA encompasses all of these media. This means IKLA has a good deal of face validity in assessing early literacy skills of children. Thus, IKLA is can be used by educators to evaluate early literacy skills of children ages 3+ to 4+ years. Keywords: Early Literacy Skills, Early Childhood, Evaluation Tools, Face Validity

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 12 ANALISIS KEPERLUAN PEMBANGUNAN MODUL TARIAN TRADISIONAL MELAYU ZAPIN BAGI KALANGAN KANAKKANAK PRASEKOLAH Needs Analysis For The Development Of The Zapin Malay Traditional Dance Module ForPreschool Children Maisarah Mohd Alim1 , Azizah Zain2 , Siti Nor Amalina Ahmad Tajuddin3 Jabatan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia,Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris1 Jabatan Komunikasi dan Media, Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris2 [email protected] 1 ,[email protected] , [email protected] 3 ABSTRAK Pembelajaran terhadap tarian Melayu Zapin merupakan satu seni tari penting yang perlu disemai dalam jiwa kanak- kanak. Dasar Kebudayaan Negara (DAKEN) 2021 dalam aspek pendidikan telah menyatakan hasrat untuk meningkatkan penghayatan dan apresiasi terhadap seni, budaya dan warisan negara untuk setiap peringkat pendidikan. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025 juga menjustifikasi, kanak-kanak perlu mendapat pengetahuan am mengenai sejarah, bidang seni dan muzik. Maka, kurikulum pendidikan praskolah harus diperkemaskan dengan menambah baik kualiti pembelajaran kanak-kanak menerusi tarian Melayu Zapin agar kesenian budaya ini akan terus terpelihara. Satu kajian analisis keperluan dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti keperluan guru prasekolah terhadap pembangunan modul tarian tradisional Melayu Zapin dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah jenis tinjauan yang menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif. Kajian ini menggunakan persampelan bertujuan di mana melibatkan seramai 83 guru prasekolah telah terlibat dalam menjawab instrumen borang soal selidik. Seterusnya, data kajian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 26. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan, guru prasekolah mempunyai tahap persetujuan yang tinggi dengan nilai min 4.06 terhadap masalah dalam pelaksanaan tarian Melayu Zapin bersama kanak-kanak prasekolah. Selain itu, guru prasekolah juga menyatakan persetujuan tinggi dengan nilai min 4.13 terhadap keperluan untuk membangunkan sebuah modul tarian Melayu Zapin berasaskan pergerakan berirama dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Implikasi kajian ini adalah, menghasilkan modul pengajaran yang dapat membantu guru prasekolah untuk mengajar kanak-kanak terhadap warisan budaya seperti yang tercatat dalamKurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (KSPK) 2017. Kata kunci: Tarian Melayu Zapin, Warisan Budaya Dan Tradisi, Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah, Analisis Keperluan, Guru Prasekolah

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 13 ABSTRACT Learning about Zapin Malay dance is a vital dance art that needs to be inculcated in the children's souls. Dasar Kebudayaan Negara (DAKEN) 2021, through the education aspect, has expressed a desire to promote appreciation for arts, culture, and national heritage for every level of education. The Malaysia Education Blueprint (PPPM) 2013 – 2025 also justifies that children need a general knowledge of history, arts, and music. Therefore, the preschool education curriculum should be streamlined by improving the quality of children’s learning of Zapin Malay dance sothat this cultural heritage will continue to be preserved. To determine the needs of preschool teachers for implementing the traditional Zapin Malay dance module among preschoolers, a needs analysis study was carried out. This study incorporates a quantitative survey method in its design. This study used purposive sampling where a total of 83 preschool teachers were involved in answering the questionnaire instrument. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that preschool teachers had a high level of consent with a mean value of 4.06 on problems in implementing Zapin Malay dance with preschoolers. In addition, the preschool teacher also expressed high agreement, with a mean value of 4.13, on the need to develop a Zapin Malay dance module based on rhythmic movements among preschoolers. The implication ofthis study was to develop a teaching module that can assist preschool teachers in educating children about cultural heritage, with a particular emphasis on Zapin Malay dance, as stated in the National Preschool Standard Curriculum (KPSK) 2017. Keywords: Zapin Malay Dance; Cultural Heritage and Traditions; Need Analysis; Preschool Teacher; Curriculum

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 14 EFFECTIVENESS OF USING EARLY READING BOOK TO IMPROVE EMERGENT LITERATURE IN DYSLEXIA CHILDREN Maria Ulfa1 ,Norfishah bt Mat Rabi2 , Nur Hasmalawati3 Faculty of Psychology, Muhammadiyah Aceh University1 , Faculty of Education and Human Development, Universiti of Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia2 Faculty of Psychology, Muhammadiyah Aceh University3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Dyslexia is a learning disability in children who have problems in written, spoken, expressive or receptive language. The problem that arises is that children will have difficulty in reading, spelling, writing, speaking, and listening. The most appropriate stimulation for dyslexic children is to provide an interesting and fun way of learning, especially because their age is still in the category of early childhood. The right stimulation can help dyslexic children solve their problems. Reading books that are fun will really help dyslexic children in learning to read. The purpose of this research is to create an interesting and fun learning media innovation, especially for dyslexic children to improve their early literacy skills. This Reading book makes dyslexic children learn in their own way. This study uses the one group pre-posttest experimental technique, which is an approach that gives treatment to one research group, then the results will be calculated the difference. The number of research samples was 10 people, with dyslexia characteristics in the moderate category. The treatment used is to provide treatment in the form of reading exercises using reading books for dyslexic children. The results of this study were children with dyslexia who learned to use exercise books specifically designed for dyslexic children were quite effective, where they recognized letters more quickly and were able to read simple words. The significant value is 0.000 <0.05, meaning that there is a difference between before and after using reading books. This study provides a very good improvement in reading skills in dyslexic children. Keywords: Dyslexia, Early Literacy, Reading Books

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15 ANALISIS KEPERLUAN: KEBOLEHGUNAAN MODUL PENDIDIKAN KEUSAHAWANAN KANAK-KANAK MELALUI KAEDAH BERMAIN Needs Analysis: Usability Of Children’s Entrepreneurship Education Module Through Play Method Mohamad Shafiq Bin Zaini1 , Abdul Halim Bin Masnan2 Jabatan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak1,2 [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keperluan pembangunan modul pendidikan keusahawanan kanak-kanak melalui kaedah bermain. Secara umumnya kajian ini memfokuskan kepada kepentingan ciri dan elemen keusahawanan yang akan diterapkan dalam diri setiap insan khususnya kanak-kanak. Perkara yang diambil perhatian dalam kajian ini dibahagikan kepada tiga aspek iaitu menganalisis keperluan modul, menganalisis keperluan kandungan modul dan aktiviti yang terkandung dalam modul ini. Namun begitu, kajian ini hanyalah kajian rintis. Kaedah yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dalam kajian ini ialah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menyediakan soal selidik dan mengedarkannya kepada 30 orang guru tadika. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat kepelbagaian pandangan guru tadika dalam pembangunan modul ini berdasarkan ketiga-tiga aspek tersebut bagi melihat keperluan pembangunan modul ini. Rumusan dari artikel ini akan menunjukkan keperluan pembangunan modul pendidikan keusahawanan kanak-kanak melalui kaedah bermain untuk menerapkan ciri dan elemen keusahawanan kepada kanak-kanak agar modul ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukuhkan tunjang dan standard kandungan yang terkandung dalam Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (KSPK) iaitu tunjang matematik. Kata kunci: Pendidikan Keusahawanan, Kaedah Bermain, Kanak-Kanak, Analisis Keperluan

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 16 ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the development needs of children's entrepreneurship education modules through play methods. In general, this study focuses on the importance of the characteristics and elements of entrepreneurship that will be applied in every human being, especially children. The things that are taken into this study can be divided into three aspects, namely analyzing the module requirements, analyzing the module content requirements and the activities contained in this module. However, this study is only a pilot study. The method used to obtain data in this study is a qualitative method by preparing a questionnaire and distributing it to 30 kindergarten teachers. The findings of the study show that there is a diversity of views of kindergarten teachers in the development of this module based on the three aspects to see the need for the development of this module. The summary from this article will show the need for the development of a children's entrepreneurship education module through the play method to apply the characteristics and elements of entrepreneurship to children so that this module can be used to strengthen the foundation and content standards contained in the National Preschool Standard Curriculum (KSPK) which is the foundation of mathematics. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Play Method, Children’s, Needs Analysis

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 17 THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-WRITING SKILLS AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN Mohd Aminuddin Bin Jusoh1 , Nur Aliah Maisarah Binti Azman2 Universiti Poly-Tech Malaysia, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur1&2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the importance of pre-writing skills among preschool children. Prewriting skills are the first skill level in writing skills. This skill is the preparatory and experience-building stage for children to write. This study was conducted on preschool and kindergarten teachers in Kelantan. A total of 64 respondents were involved, and the researcher used a Quantitative design for this study, such as the survey method. The survey was conducted online using a Google Form. Data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed descriptively using ‘Statical Package for the Social Science’ (SPSS) version 27.0. The results showed that pre-writingisimportant among children by showing the highest mean of 4.78. Studies also show that activitiesinvolving fine motor skill movement and eye and hand coordination can be used as strategies andmethods in pre-writing skills in preparation for children’s writing. Nevertheless, this study showsthat pre-writing skills among preschool children will influence academic achievement when they study in primary school. Keywords: Pre-Writing Skills, Fine Motor Skills, Preschool Children, Writing Skills.

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 18 PEMANTAUAN IBU BAPA TERHADAP KESELAMATAN SIBER KANAK-KANAK Nor Azah binti Abdul Aziz*,Che Zarrina Saari, Suzaily Wahab Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris1 , Department of Akidah & Islamic Thought Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya2 , Psychiatry Dept. Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRAK Pemantauan ibu bapa terhadap keselamatan siber kanak-kanak adalah sangat penting memandangkan terdapat pelbagai bahaya dan ancaman terhadap kanak-kanak ketika melayari internet dan bermain di atas talian seperti kata-kata kesat, pembuli, ketagihan permainan, pornografi dan lain-lain ancaman siber. Kajian ini menjalankan temu bual kepada ibu bapa tentang cara kanak-kanak melayari internet dan bagaimana ibu bapa memantau dan menasihati anak-anak mereka. Dapatan kajian tentang kaedah pemantauan ibu bapa samada secara teknikal pada bahagian tetapan pada setiap aplikasi dan games yang digunakan atau secara nasihat kepada anak-anak adalah sangat penting. Pendidikan tentang etika siber kepada ibu bapa dan anak-anak adalah sangat diperlukan supaya wujud kesedaran tentang etika siber. Peranan kerajaan juga sangat penting khususnya Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Multimedia (SKMM) untuk memantapkan sistem penapisan internet terhadap games dan sebarang aplikasi yang mendatangkan ancaman kepada kanak-kanak. Kata Kunci : Keselamatan Cyber, Kanak-kanak, Panduan Ibu bapa, Internet ABSTRACT Parental monitoring of children's cyber security is very important considering that there are various dangers and threats to children when surfing the internet and playing online such as abusive words, bullies, game addiction, pornography and other cyber threats. This study conducted interviews with parents about how children surf the internet and how parents monitor and advise their children. The findings of the study on parental monitoring methods, whether technically in the settings section of each application and game used by children, are crucial. Education about cyber ethics for parents and children is necessary so that there is awareness about cyber ethics. The government's role is also important, especially the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) to strengthen the internet filtering system against games and any applications that pose a threat to children. Keyword: Cyber security, children, parental guidelines, internet

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 19 KEBERKESANAN PENGAJARAN PERBENDAHARAAN KATA MELALUI LAGU KANAK-KANAK DARI PERSPEKTIF GURU AWAL KANAK- KANAK Efficiency Of Teaching Vocabulary Through Nursery Rhymes From The Perspective Of Early Childhood Teachers Nur Ayuni Ahya Binti Mohd Fisol1 , Nur Qamarina Aqirah Binti Mohd Tarmizi2 Early Childhood Education Department, Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia1 Early Childhood Education Department, Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia2 [email protected] , [email protected] 2 ABSTRAK Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, guru tadika telah ditekan untuk mewujudkan kurikulum dan program yang menekankan latihan kemahiran yang jelas dan ini boleh menyebabkan guru tadika meninggalkan kaedah seperti menyanyikan lagu kanak-kanak. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji amalan guru-guru awal kanak-kanak mengenai penggunaan lagu kanak-kanak dalam mengajar bahasa Inggeris dan menganalisis perspektif guru mengenai pembelajaran perbendaharaan kata melalui muzik dan lagu. Kanak-kanak kecil boleh mendapat manfaat dalam beberapa cara daripada mendengar muzik. P 52 orang guru-guru awal kanak -kanak yang diawasi oleh KEMAS Puchong adalah sampel kajian ini. Pendekatan kuantitatif telah digunakan, dan tinjauan dalam talian berfungsi sebagai asas untuk reka bentuk penyelidikan. Persepsi guru-guru awal kanak-kanak mengenai keberkesanan pengajaran perbendaharaan kata melalui muzik adalah subjek pembangunan instrumen yang direka untuk menyiasat isu-isu ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa guru suka menggunakan muzik dalam kelas bahasa Inggeris. Ini kerana purata min bagi persoalan kajian pertama ialah 3.49 yang berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Ramai responden menggesa anak-anak murid mereka untuk mencontohi atau bertindak mengikut lirik lagu dan lebih suka menggunakan lagu sebagai latihan persediaan kerana mereka boleh meneroka topik lirik semasa menyanyi (61.5%). Menurut persoalan kajian kedua, guru tadika lebih suka perbendaharaan kata pembelajaran melalui muzik dan lagu (65.4%). Ini kerana purata min bagi soalan adalah 3.55 yang juga pada tahap yang tinggi dan ia menunjukkan bahawa guru awal kanak-kanak bersetuju bahawa muzik membantu kanak-kanak memperoleh kata-kata. Implikasi penyelidikan ialah jika guru ingin menggunakan puisi dan lagu kanak-kanak untuk mengajar perbendaharaan kata di bilik darjah awal kanak -kanak, mereka perlu menjalani latihan profesional. Kata kunci: Kanak-kanak, Guru Tadika, Muzik, Pengajaran Perbendaharaan Kata, Lagu Kanak-Kanak

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 20 ABSTRACT In recent years, kindergarten teachers have been pressured to create curriculum and programmes that emphasize explicit skill training and this may lead kindergarten teachers to abandon methods like singing nursery rhymes. The purpose of this study was to examine early childhood teachers' practices on the usage of nursery rhymes in teaching English and analyse early childhood teachers’ perspectives on vocabulary learning through music and song. Young children may benefit in several ways from listening to music. Previous research has revealed that songs are an effective technique for enhancing the vocabulary development of young children. 52 early childhood teachers who were supervised by KEMAS Puchong were the study's samples. A quantitative approach was used, and an online survey served as the basis for the design of the research. The perceptions of early childhood teachers on the efficacy of teaching vocabulary via music were the subject of the development of an instrument that was designed to investigate these issues. The result of the analysis showed that teachers like using music in English classes. This is because the average mean for the first research question is 3.49 which is at a high level. Many respondents urge their children to emulate or act out the song's lyrics, according to the survey and prefer utilising songs as a warm-up exercise because they may explore lyric topics while singing (61.5%). According to the second research question, kindergarten teachers prefer learning vocabulary via music and song (65.4%). This is because the average mean for the question is 3.55 which is also at a high level and it indicates that early childhood teachers agreed that music helps children acquire words. The implication of the research is that if teachers want to use nursery rhymes and songs to teach vocabulary in early childhood classrooms, they need to have professional training. Keywords: Children, early childhood teacher, music, teaching vocabulary, nursery rhymes

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 21 PEMBANGUNAN MODUL PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGERIS CEFR BAGI KEMAHIRAN MENDENGAR DAN BERTUTUR UNTUK MEMBANTU PENGAJARAN GURU PRASEKOLAH KPM Developing a CEFR Aligned English Teaching Module For Listening and Speaking Skills for Help the Teaching Among MOE Preschool Teachers Nur Azilla Zailan1 , Mazlina Che Mustafa2 Pusat Penyelidikan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia1&2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRAK Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kesepakatan pakar mengenai pembangunan Modul Pengajaran Bahasa Inggeris CEFR untuk guru prasekolah KPM dengan menggunakan Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi. kaedah Fuzzy Delphi dilaksanakan bagi mendapatkan input untuk merekabentuk dan membina modul. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kesepakatan pakar mengenai objektif modul, strategi pengajaran, teknik pengajaran, aktiviti yang sesuai, bahan sumber pengajaran serta kaedah penilaian yang sesuai digunakan di dalam modul pengajaran Bahasa Inggeris CEFR. Item soal selidik pakar dibina hasil temubual ke atas 5 pakar bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsesus pakar dengan menggunakan 7 skala likert.Soal selidik pakar diedarkan kepada 14 orang pakar yang berpengalaman lebih 10 tahun dalam bidang pendidikan awal kanakkanak dan Bahasa Inggeris. Instrumen kajian terbahagi kepada 2 bahagian yang merangkumi 45 item kajian bagi mendapat kesepakatan pakar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesepakatan pakar bersetuju dengan beberapa item mengenai kandungan modul. Implikasi kajian dijangka berupaya untuk membantu guru dalam merancang pengajaran dan menjadikan pengajaran lebih menarik sertamenyeronokkan. Kata kunci: Modul pengajaran, Bahasa Inggeris, CEFR, Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi, Prasekolah

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 22 ABSTRACT This study aims to obtain expert agreement on the development of CEFR English Teaching Module for MOEpreschool teachers using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. the Fuzzy Delphi method is implemented to obtain inputto design and build modules. The objective of this study is to obtain expert agreement on the objectives of the module, teaching strategies, teaching techniques, appropriate activities, teaching resource materials and appropriate assessment methods used in the CEFR English teaching module. The expert questionnaire itemswere constructed from interviews on 5 experts aimed at obtaining expert consensus by using 7 Likert scales.The expert questionnaire was distributed to 14 experts with over 10 years of experience in the field of early childhood education and English. The research instrument is divided into 2 parts that include 45 research items to obtain expert agreement. The findings of the study indicate that the expert consensus agrees on several items regarding the content of the module. The implications of the study are expected to be able to help the teachers' to plan the teaching and make teaching more interesting and enjoyable. Keywords: Teaching Module, CEFR, Fuzzy Delphi Method

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 23 GAYA KEIBUBAPAAN TERHADAP TAHAP MASALAH TINGKAH LAKU ANAK-ANAK DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI SABAH Parenting Style Towards the Level of Children's Behavioral Problems Among Secondary School Students in Sabah Nur Hanis Sofiyah Mohamad Tawpik Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah [email protected] ABSTRAK Oleh kerana masalah tingkah laku dan emosi anak-anak remaja kini semakin meningkat dan berdasarkan teori ekologikal Bronfenbrenner, ibu bapa merupakan individu yang paling terdekat dengan anak-anak dalam mikrosistem. Oleh itu bagi menilai gaya keibubapaan yang berbeza dan kesannya terhadap tingkah laku anak-anak, maka objektif kajian tinjauan ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti sama ada terdapat perbezaan tahap masalah tingkah laku anakanak berdasarkan empat jenis gaya keibubapaan iaitu gaya keibubapaan autoritatif, autoritarian, permisif dan pengabaian. Seramai 384 orang murid Tingkatan Satu sehingga Tingkatan Lima daripada pelbagai sekolah menengah di Sabah yang dipilih melalui teknik persampelan rawak mudah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen kajian ini merupakan Parenting Style Index bagi menilai gaya keibubapaan dan Difficult Questionnaire bagi menilai tahap masalah tingkah laku dan emosi dan kedua instrumen ini telah dinilai oleh pakar penilai dalam bidang psikologi dan mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi iaitu ujian-t sampel tak bersandar dan ujian MANOVA dengan menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS. Dapatan kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan tahap masalah tingkah laku yang signifikan antara empat gaya keibubapaan iaitu gaya keibubapaan autoritatif, autoritarian, permisif dan pengabaian. Implikasi kajian ini telahmencadangkan agar kajian ini dijalankan dengan lebih teliti dan persampelan yang lebih luas. Kesimpulannya, tahap masalah tingkah laku anak-anak adalah berbeza berdasarkan gaya keibubapaan yang diamalkan oleh ibu bapa. Kata Kunci : Gaya Keibubapan, Autoritatif, Autoritarian, Permisif, Pengabaian, Masalah Tingkah Laku, Masalah Emosi

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 24 ABSTRACT As the behavioral and emotional problems of adolescents are now on the rise and based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, parents are the closest individuals to children in the microsystem. Therefore, to assess the different parenting styles and their effect on children's behavior and emotions, the objective of this survey is to identify whether there are differences in the level of behavioral problems of children based on four types of parenting styles, namely authoritative parenting style. Authoritarian, permissive and negligent. A total of 384 Form Oneto Form Five students from various secondary schools in Sabah who were selected through simple random sampling technique were involved in this study. The instruments of this study areParenting Style Index to assess parenting style and Difficult Questionnaire to assess the level of behavioral and emotional problems and both of these instruments have been evaluated byevaluators in the field of psychology and have good reliability values. The data of this study were analyzed descriptively and inferentially, namely independent sample t-test and MANOVA test using IBM SPSS software. The findings of this study have shown that there are significant differences in the level of behavioral and emotional problems between the four parenting styles namely authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting styles. The implications of this study have suggested that this study be conducted with more thoroughness and wider sampling. In conclusion, the level of behavioral problems of children is different based on the parenting style practiced by the parents. Keywords: parenting style, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglect, behavioural problem, emotion problem

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 25 PENDEKATAN PROJEK MENINGKATKAN TAHAP KEMAHIRAN ARAS TINGGI (MENILAI) DALAM KALANGAN KANAK-KANAK PRASEKOLAH Nur Hidayah Shazira Binti Mohd Shukor1 , Mazlina Binti Che Mustafa2 , Norazilawati Binti Abdullah3 Pusat Penyelidikan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak Negara, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris1,2&3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] 3 ABSTRAK Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (2017) telah memberi penekanan terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dan pembelajaran berasaskan projek yang perlu diterjemahkan di dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam bilik darjah. Walaubagaimana pun, pengkaji mendapati tidak terdapat huraian secara terperinci cara pelaksanaan pendekatantersebut dan kaedah dalam merangsang KBAT kanak-kanak. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan untukmelihat sama ada pendekatan projek dapat meningkatkan tahap KBAT iaitu menilai dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan melibatkan seorangguru berserta 13 orang kanak-kanak di jalankan di Pusat Penyelidikan Perkembangan Kanak- Kanak Negara (NCDRC). Data kajian diperoleh menerusi pemerhatian, analisis dokumen dan temu bual terhadap peserta kajian. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis naratif dan analisis kandungan. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan pendekatan projek dapat meningkatkantahap KBAT iaitu menilai terhadap kanak-kanak di prasekolah. Melalui aktiviti penerokaan dan penyiasatan, kanak-kanak dapat membuat pertimbangan dan keputusan menggunakan pengetahuan, pengalaman, kemahiran dan nilai seterusnya memberi justifikasi. Implikasi kajian ini dapat memberi panduan kepada guru-guru prasekolah kerajaan mahupun swasta dalam meningkatkan tahap KBAT iaitu menilai menerusi pendekatan projek. Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Projek, Kemahiran Aras Tinggi, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 26 KEBOLEHGUNAAN MODUL BERMAIN OLOK-OLOK: KAJIAN RINTISMENGENAI ANALISIS KEPERLUAN PEMBINAAN MODUL BERMAIN OLOK-OLOK UNTUK MENGGALAKKAN KEMAHIRAN KOMUNIKASISOSIAL KANAK-KANAK Usability of pretend play module: A pilot study on the need analysis for the development ofpretend play module to promote children's social communication skills Nur Iman Aishah Binti Azhar1 , Iylia Dayana Shamsudin2 Jabatan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-kanak, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti PendidikanSultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia1&2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRAK Bermain dan kanak-kanak tidak dapat dipisahkan. Umum mengetahui bahawa aktiviti bermain dapat membantu perkembangan kanak-kanak yang merangkumi pelbagai aspek termasuk kemahiran komunikasi sosial kanak-kanak. Kajian ini akan membincangkan mengenai keperluan pembinaan modul bermain olok-olok untuk menggalakkan kemahiran sosial komunikasi kanak-kanak. Terdapat beberapa aspek yang dilihat bagi pembangunan modul bermain olok-olok ini iaitu pengetahuan guru, amalan guru, keperluan pembinaan modul dan ciri-ciri modul yang diperlukan guru. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian untuk mengumpul data. Kajian rintis ini dilaksanakan terhadap 30 orang guru tadika swasta. Data yang terkumpul di analisis menggunakan Statistical Package For The Social Science Version 26.0 (SPSS 26.0). Dapatan hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat keperluan dalam pembinaan modul bermain olok-olok ini. Kata kunci: Modul, Bermain Olok-Olok, Kemahiran Sosial Komunikasi, Kanak-Kanak, Tadika

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 27 ABSTRACT Play and children are inseparable. It is well known that play activities can help children's development which includes various aspects including children's social communication skills. This study will discuss the need for the development of pretend play modules to promote children's social communication skills. There are several aspects that are seen for the development of this pretend play module includes teacher knowledge, teacher practice, module construction requirements and required module characteristics. This study uses a quantitative approach where a questionnaire is used as a research instrument to collect data. This pilot study was carried out on 30 private kindergarten teachers. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package For The Social Science Version 26.0 (SPSS 26.0). The findings of the study show that there is a need in the development of this pretend play module. Keywords: Module, Pretend Play, Social Communication, Children, Kindergarten

E-Proceedings (Abstract) 2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference 2022 “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 28 KESAHAN DAN KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN INSTRUMEN SKALA MASALAH PENGGUNAANPERANTI MUDAH ALIH Validity and Reliability of The Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale Nur Nabilah Abdullah Fakulti Pendidikan, Kemanusiaan dan Sastera, Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur [email protected] ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengesahkan instrumen Skala Masalah Penggunaan Peranti Mudah Alih (Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale) bagi menilai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan kandungannya melalui kajian rintis. Instrumen ini diadaptasi daripada Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale di Turki. Pembangunan instrumen Skala Masalah Penggunaan Peranti Mudah Alih adalah berdasarkan Model Pola Masalah Penggunaan Telefon Mudah Alih. Kajian ini disusun dalam tiga fasa, iaitu tinjauan literatur, penterjemahan instrumen, serta analisis kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan kandungan. Pemboleh ubah Skala Masalah Penggunaan Peranti Mudah Alih yang terdiri daripada empat konstruk yang diukur oleh instrumen iniiaitu masalah kekurangan (deprivation), kesan luar jangka negatif (adverse outcome), masalah kawalan (control problem) dan pengelakan untuk berinteraksi (interaction avoidance) dengan 18 item digunakan dalam kajian ini. Satu kajian rintis dilaksanakan untuk menentukan kebolehpercayaan instrumen melalui skala alfa Cronbach dan analisis deskriptif. Kajian rintis dilakukan terhadap 30 orang ibu bapakanak-kanak prasekolah di Putrajaya yang telah dipilih secara rawak. Analisis kebolehpercayaan mengesahkan bahawa alfa Cronbach untuk keseluruhan konstruk Skala Masalah Penggunaan Peranti Mudah Alih menjelaskan nilai yang boleh diterima pakai dan tinggi bagi setiap konstruk. Kesemua 18 itemtersebut diterima untuk digunakan dalam kajian lapangan. Oleh itu, Skala Masalah Penggunaan Peranti Mudah Alih ini boleh menjadi panduan dan sumber penting bagi membantu ibu bapa mengenal pasti dan memahami tingkah laku kanak-kanak dalam penggunaan peranti mudah alih. Kata kunci: peranti mudah alih, ibu-bapa, kanak-kanak,kesahan, kebolehpercayaan

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 29 ABSTRACT This study aims to validate the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale instrument to assess the validity and reliability of its content through a pilot study. This instrument is adapted from the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale in Turkey. The development of the Mobile Device Use Problem Scale instrument is based on theMobile Phone Use Problem Pattern Model. This study is organized in three phases, namely literature review, instrument translation, and content validity and reliability analysis. Mobile Device Use Problem Scale variable which consists of four constructs measured by this instrument namely deprivation, adverse outcome, control problem and interaction avoidance with 18 items used in this study. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the instrument through Cronbach's alpha scale and descriptive analysis. A pilot study was conducted on 30 parents of preschool children in Putrajaya who were randomly selected. Reliability analysis confirmed that Cronbach's alpha for the overall constructs of the Mobile Device Use Problem Scale explained acceptable and high values for each construct. All 18 items were accepted for the use in the field study. Therefore, this Mobile Device Use Problem Scale can be an importantguide and resource to help parents identify and understand children's behavior in the use of mobile devices. Keywords: mobile devices; parents; children; validity; reliability

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 30 PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE (KAP) ON HEALTH Nurul Aliah Mustafa1 , Nor Hashimah Hashim2 , Yogambigai Utandi3 Wawasan Open University (WOU)1 ,Albukhary International University (AIU)2 , Open University Malaysia (OUM)3 [email protected] ABSTRACT The term health referred to an individual’s physical well-being and the absence of illness. For young children in preschool, lack of information about proper health has a detrimental effect on attitudes and practises, which has led to serious concerns for human health, particularly in the danger of many infectious diseases. The pre-schoolers are more alarmed by this as they are naturally closed with one another, which makes infections among them easy to transmit. Through appropriate sanitation and hygiene, it is possible to avoid the spread of disease. In order to promote a child's wellbeing, preschool teachers and parental support and involvement in the development of the child's hygienic behaviour are crucial. This study sought to investigate preschool children's knowledge, attitudes, and practises (KAP) on health. Health is a state of being mentally, physically, emotionally, socially, economically, culturally, and spiritually in good shape. Additionally, it recognises that both adults and children participate actively in a wide range of groups, including those related to their families, friends, neighbourhoods, ethnic and cultural communities, leisure activities, religious communities, and so forth (Marotz, 2012). Consider current COVID 19n outbreaks as an example of how quickly these contagious diseases spread through direct contact in a range of social circumstances. This is a qualitative study that will be carried out with pre-schoolers in Penang, Malaysia. Ten kids were randomly selected and took part in the study with the consent of their parents. The checklist and the interview questions will be used to observe and interview ten kids from two preschools with five kids each. The information was gathered using interview questions that covered a range of topics related to pre-schoolers' knowledge, attitudes, and practises towards health. Health checks will be conducted in a quiet section of the classroom, either with the teacher simply sitting on the floor with the kids or in a more formal setting with a table and chairs. This will be accomplished by using a simple observation checklist. It is structured so that observations are made starting at the top and moving down, initially focusing on the child's front and then behind. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Preschool Children, Health

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 31 UNDERSTANDING STRESS AMONG YOUNG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM; A QUALITATIVE STUDY Nurul Khairani Ismail 1 , Hasrul Hosshan 2 , Nurbieta Abdul Aziz 3 , Abdul Halim Masnan4 , Mohd Muslim Md Zali5 ,Norsayyidatina Che Rozubi6 Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia1,2,3,4,5,6 National Child Development Research Centre, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia2,4 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected], muslim @fpm.upsi.edu.my5 , sayyidatina @fpm.upsi.edu.my6 ABSTRACT Parents of young autistic children can find the task of parenting challenging, particularly among new and young parents. Improved knowledge of these challenges is therefore essential for young parents and families to bring about encouraging outcomes. This study conducted indepth interviews involving four young parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); comprising three mothers and one father aged 29 to 35 years old, to discover the challenges they faced when parenting their children during the ages of 5 and 6 years old. Inadequate knowledge, psychological stress, lack of support and parent anxiety and worries about their child’s future were notable issues among the parents. The study helps understand how parents perceive difficulties, enabling them to take the necessary steps to satisfy their needs and reduce stress. To address these concerns, all stakeholders and agencies must collaborate to strengthen parental resilience in facing these challenges. Keywords: Challenges; Young parents; Autism; In-depth Interview

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 32 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESCHOOL STREAM EDUCATION: WHAT DO THE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS SAY? Anna Phang Wai Leng1 , Chong Meei Chyun2 , Mazlina Che Mustafa3 , Mohd Ridhuan bin Mohd Jamil4 Faculty of Education and Languages, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia1 &2 Faculty of Human Development & National Child Development Research Centre, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia3&4 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Preschool STREAM education is a philosophy and guiding principle. It is a way of thinking towards multidisciplinary approach, in which Science, Technology, Reading, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics are integrated in the early childhood programme to provide the young children with a well-rounded education and equipped them with the 21st century skills. In this aspect, preschool teachers’ perceptions towards the implementation of STREAM education are crucial for the sustainability of STREAM education now and then. In this study, the objectives are to investigate preschool teachers’ perceptions towards STREAM implementation, the challenges of implementing STREAM education, as well as to examine the differences between pre-service and in-service teachers’ perspectives towards the implementation of STREAM education. This study employed a quantitative approach. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The participants involved 80 preschool teachers (40 pre-service; 40 in-service) in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. A questionnaire of 35-item was used. The result revealed that most participants have positive perceptions towards preschool STREAM education approach. However, the report indicated that there are differences between in-service and pre-service teachers in regards of the challenges in implementing preschool STREAM education. Moreover, the lack of teachers’ expertise and professional training to integrate and implement STREAM learning activities are the main issues and concern of the in-service teachers. These findings suggested that teachers need training with relevant resources and effective materials for easy integration of content teaching and learning to sustain STREAM education as a frame of mind for effective implementation and desired learning outcomes. Keywords: STREAM Education, Perspectives, Pre-Service Preschool Teachers, In-Service Preschool Teachers

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 33 EMPLOYING THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT (DDR) APPROACH: DESIGNING THE INTEGRATED THEMATIC PRESCHOOL STREAM MODULE Anna Phang Wai Leng1*, Mazlina Che Mustafa2 , Mohd Ridhuan bin Mohd Jamil3 Faculty of Education and Languages, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia1 Faculty of Human Development & National Child Development Research Centre, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia2&3 [email protected]*, [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Malaysian Blueprint (2013-2025), under Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE) has placed great emphasis on STEM education. Currently preschool STEM education has evolved from STEAM to STREAM. STREAM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Reading, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics. However, methods of promoting STREAM are barely adapted in preschool classroom practice. There is hardly substantial research that emphasize on the design and development of STREAM module to foster STREAM at the preschool level. This requires a reliable and effective teaching and learning STREAM module that can train or guide teachers using the Integrated thematic instruction (ITI) model to address the National Philosophy of Education for developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner. Therefore, this research paper aims to design and development of integrated thematic preschool STREAM module by using the design and development research (DDR) approach. The researchers had gone through 3 phases of study based on the DDR approach. The first phase is to investigate the needs and challenges faced by the teachers towards STREAM education using quantitative approach; the second phase is obtaining expert consensus for the main inputs of the STREAM module using Fuzzy Delphi method; the third phase is to evaluate the usability and practicality of the module using focus group interview with the experts. The overall findings provide potential for developing the Integrated thematic Instruction (ITI)- preschool STREAM module. This developed module therefore would represent a reliable and credible ITI-Preschool STREAM module for fostering preschool STREAM education nationwide in the local context. Keywords: Design and Development Research, Thematic, Integrated, Preschool, STREAM Module

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 34 A CASE STUDY ON KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN’S SOCIAL BEHAVIORS DURING PEER PLAY Ren Wen Xia1 , Phang Wai Leng2 *, Mazlina Che Mustafa3 Faculty of Education and Languages, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia1&2 Faculty of Human Development & National Child Development Research Centre, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia3 [email protected] , [email protected] *, [email protected] ABSTRACT The recent peer play perspectives have brought into a new theoretical consciousness for early childhood in the contemporary world, giving new ways of thinking on relationship between child development and social behaviours. Peer play lays the foundation for developing prosocial abilities among young children. During this process, they gradually learn social and moral norms for behaviour and social skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of teachers towards the implementation of peer play in the kindergarten setting as well as to investigate the various social behaviors of young children during peer play. This study employed qualitative approach using case study with interviews and field observations to explore teachers’ beliefs and practices, and children’s social behaviors during peer play. Narrative analysis and thematic analysis were used to gain a holistic view. The participants are the kindergarten teachers and children at the selected kindergarten in Zhejiang, China. The results indicated that the kindergarten children were able to generate rich social behaviors during peer play. Most kindergarten teachers were aware of the values of peer play. They implemented peer play in their overall daily activities in their workplace. However, the findings revealed that there were some teachers unable to resolve peer conflicts during peer play, yet find it is challenging to handle young children resolve doubts, dealing and solving conflicts during peer play. These findings suggested that teachers need training with relevant resources for effective implementation of peer play with desired learning outcomes. Keywords: Peer Play, Social Behavior Development, Kindergarten

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 35 FOSTERING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S CREATIVE THINKING IN MATHEMATICS ANDSPATIAL ABILITIES USING TANGRAM PUZZLES Rouney Saly1 , Prof. Munirah Ghazali2 & Ildefonso Halipa3 School of Education and Human Sciences, Albukhary International University [email protected] ABSTRACT Geometry is one of the areas of mathematics that deals with shapes, sizes, spaces, and figures. Introducing geometry to children at a very young age is an essential aspect. It allows preschool learners to explore the mathematical concepts of geometry and helps them recognize, name, compare, and then combine different shapes. Unfortunately, primary school mathematics teaching and learning are frequently criticised as overly teacher-centred. This practice could essentially hinder the development of pupils’ creative thinking abilities and spatial sense. Thus, the primary focus of this study is to illustrate tangram puzzles as a learning tool to foster young children’s creative thinking in mathematics, reasoning, visual problem-solving skills, and spatial ability. The method of this study is based on literature review search strategies through online databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, andSemantic Scholar. The study results indicate that children need to experience hands-onactivity using tangram puzzles to identify the similarities and differences between geometric shapes. This experience exposes children to explore the spatial relationships of objects in space. The literature review concluded that guiding and scaffolding young children by asking questions, showing various transformations, and providing concrete manipulative tools is essential because it allows them to develop their creative and spatial thinking abilities. To conclude, the study indicates that tangram puzzles are manipulative tools that help children foster their creative thinking and spatial skills through hands-on exploration. It is recommended that these puzzles be added to teacher training programs with the integration ofopen-ended problem-solving questions to identify children’s mathematical creativity andspatial abilities. Keywords : Mathematical Concepts, Hands-On Exploration, Open-Ended Problem-Solving Questions, Tangram Puzzles, Manipulative Tools

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 36 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TEACHING STRATEGY MODEL FOR PRESCHOOL ENGLISH READING SKILLS IN MALAYSIA Salisu Mariam Oluwatoyin1 , Mazlina Che Mustafa2 *, Wong Kung Teck3 National Child Development Research Centre, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak 35900, Malaysia1&2 Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 35900, Malaysia3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Listening, speaking, reading, and writing are all critical aspects of a child's language development. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) emphasized the importance of reading and writing as essential skills for an individual's growth and benefit society as a whole. However, reading incompetency among students remains a problem in Malaysia's educational system, and this scenario arose due to failures in the early stages of reading. One out of every six Malaysian children (15%) has problems with reading at a young age. To address this issue, the Ministry of Education proposed in 1998 that beginning from January 1999, all primary and secondary schools across the country must conduct intervention programs for the 3Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic). This situation shows the seriousness of reading failure among students across the country. Research has shown that most students in Grade 1 struggle to read. Previous research has emphasized the need for the ability to sound letters and words, context drilling, arrangement of the syllabus, and word formation process, which are the major problems with the current syllabus. A review of this present study identified two major factors affecting low English reading skills proficiency that exists among preschool students in Malaysia, which are limitations in the syllabus and teaching strategies. The preschool syllabus indicated a limitation in its focus and arrangement. These weaknesses lead to difficulties in reading skills among preschool students. Most preschool teachers cannot adequately explain the subject's contents to the students. As a result, it is important to review and develop an appropriate teaching model that will strategically aid in teaching reading skills for preschool teachers. Consequently, this study will employ a Design Development Research (DDR) method to develop a reading strategy model for preschool teachers in Malaysia to help achieve the Malaysia goal as stated in the Education Blueprint 2015 – 2025. Keywords: Preschool Teacher, Reading Skills, Education Blueprint, Teacher Strategy Model

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 37 TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVE: THE OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENT HIGH ORDERTHINKING SKILLS (HOTs) TOWARDS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AT KINDERGARTEN Siti Nor Ain Binti Ibrahim1 , Farah Najiha Binti Ahmad2 Universiti Poly-Tech Malaysia, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur1&2 [email protected] ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identified teacher’s perspective on obstacles to implement high order thinking skills (HOTs) towards cognitive development. Furthermore, there are crucial aspects are also studied namely, the factors and implications faced by teachers to implement high order thinking skills towards children cognitive development at the kindergarten. Therefore, in this study, the quantitative method is applied. The data from the quantitative investigation was analysed using the SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS V21.0) software. A total of 40 preschool teachers from Terengganu's Seberang Takir district participated in the quantitative data through questionnaires. The questionnaire comprises three aspects; understand, factors and implications which result that preschool teacher in Seberang Takir mostly still finding hard to implements HOTs at kindergarten. The key findings revealed that HOTS implementation at the kindergarten is still at a modest level, owing to the fact that there arestill teachers who are less knowledgeable in using HOTS at kindergarten. In addition, the authorities' role is still in its early stages as not all preschool teachers have access to the curriculum, teaching, and workshops linked to the implementation of HOTS at kindergarten. As a result, policymakers such as the Department of Education, the Terengganu State Education Department, and principals of kindergarten should improve the implementation of HOTS while also providing excellent educational trainings, as aforementioned above as well as, improving teachers' needs for teaching and learning processes by supplying teachingmaterials and a conducive learning environment. In short, within handbook it may also be utilised as a reference for teachers in implementing HOTS at kindergarten. Keywords: High Order Thinking Skills, Cognitive Development, Kindergarten

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 38 HUBUNGAN GAYA KEIBUBAPAAN DENGAN TINGKAH LAKU DEVIAN DALAM KALANGAN KANAK-KANAK BERUMUR LIMA HINGGA ENAM TAHUN The Relationship Between Parenting Styles And Deviant Behaviour Among Children At TheAge Of Five To Six Siti Nur Ain Binti Wil1 , Normazita Binti Hashim2 Fakulti Pendidikan, Kemanusian dan Sastera, Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech Mara, Jalan 6/91, TamanShamelin Perkasa, 56100 Kuala Lumpur1 , Fakulti Pendidikan dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Batang Berjuntai, Selangor2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRAK Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji tentang hubungan antara gaya keibubapaan dengan tingkah laku devian kanak- kanak berumur lima dan enam tahun. Objektif kajian ini adalah hubungan gaya keibubapaan dengan tingkah laku devian kanak-kanak lima dan enam tahun. Subjek kajian ini adalah ibu atau bapa yang menghantar anak-anak mereka ke TADIKA swasta di kawasan Damansara Damai iaitu anak-anak yang berumur lima dan enam tahun. Lokasi kajian ini pula adalah tiga cawangan TADIKA swasta yang berada dalam kawasan Damansara Damai. Sebanyak 170 soalan soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada ibu bapa. Namun, sebanyak 120 diserahkan semula dan hanya 112 set sahaja dapat dianalisis. Data kajian telah di analisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS) iaitu untuk analisis Korelasi Pearson yang digunakan untuk menilai hubungan gaya keibubapaan ibu bapa dengan tingkah laku devian kanak-kanak lima dan enam tahun. Dapatan kajian mendapati gaya keibubapaan autoritatif dan autoritarianmenunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan tingkah laku devian kanak-kanak yang berumur lima dan enam tahun. Manakala, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keibubapaan permisif dan pengabaian dengan tingkah laku devian kanak-kanak yang berumur lima dan enam tahun. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa gaya keibubapaan autoritatif adalah gaya keibubapaan yang terbaik yang boleh diamalkan oleh bapa bagi mengurangkan tingkah laku devian kanak-kanak. Kata Kunci: Gaya Keibubapaan, Tingkah Laku Devian, Autoritatif, Autoritarian, Permisif Dan Pengabaian

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 39 ABSTRACT This study is conducted to study the relationship between parenting styles and deviant behaviour among children at theage of five to six. The objectives of this study are to identify the relationship between parenting styles and deviant behaviour among children at the age of five to six. The subject of this study are the parents of five to six years old children who send their children to a private kindergarten in Damansara Damai. The data of this study is collected from three private kindergarten branches in Damansara Damai. A total of 170 questionnaires were distributed to parents. However, only 120 questionnaires were reverted with 112 sets applicable to be analysed. The data is analysedusing the Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS) software to make Pearson Correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationship between the parenting styles of parents and the deviant behaviour among children at the age of five to six. The study found that Authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles showed no significant relationship with deviant behaviour of children between the ages of five and six. However, there is a significant relationship between permissive parenting style and neglect to the deviant behaviour of children between the age offive to six. The implication of this study indicates that authoritative parenting style is the best parenting style that parents can adopt to reduce children's deviant behaviour. Keywords: Parenting Styles, Deviant Behaviour, Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Neglect

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 40 THE DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA-BASED NUTRITION EDUCATION MODULE (IMNEM) ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE ABOUT NUTRITION, GROWTH MONITORING, BREASTFEEDING, AND CHILD FEEDING PRACTICE AMONG MOTHERS WITH STUNTED CHILDREN: A CONCEPT PAPER Susheela Ismail1 , Nurfarhana Diana Mohd Nor2 , Nurul Fadhilah Abdullah3 Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris /Lake View College1 , Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris2 , Faculty of Sports Science & Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Globally, malnutrition is an issue which never been overcome, even after a series of efforts by experts, which have never been impressive. The world's malnutrition burden remains unsatisfactory since malnutrition is solely responsible for more illnesses than other reasons. Malnutrition continues to be a significant problem in Malaysia. The most common manifestation of chronic malnutrition in children is stunting, a lifetime problem for a child in Malaysia. Stunting is an irreversible condition in which a child cannot regain their height in the same way that he or she can regain the weight. Various factors have been identified associated with the risk of stunting among Malaysian children, including sociodemographic background, gestational characteristics, maternal and infant diet, feeding practice, illness, and infection. As found through the literature review, stunted children face many disabilities, such as learning deficiencies, which affect their productivity for economic prosperity, mostly will fall sick more often, lost opportunities to learn, perform poorly in school and grow up to be backward, and more likely to suffer from diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). So, this study will develop and evaluate the effectiveness of interactive multimedia-based nutrition education on knowledge, attitude, and practice about nutrition, growth monitoring, breastfeeding, and child feeding practices among mothers with stunted children using the ADDIE model. This study will use a quasi-experimental research method consisting of control and treatment groups. The study will be conducted in maternal child health clinics in the Seberang Perai district in Pulau Pinang. The population of this study is mothers with stunted children under five years old. In this study, convenience sampling will be used to recruit the target population, and the sample size was determined using the Cochran Formula (1977). Keywords: Malnutrition, Stunting, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (Kap), Nutrition Education Module, Addie Model, Quasi-Experimental Design

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 41 PEMBINAAN DAN KEBOLEHGUNAAN MODUL SOSIOEMOSI DALAM MEMBINA PENAAKULAN MORAL KANAK-KANAK The development and usability of the socio-emotional module: A pilot study on the need for the development of socio-emotional module in building children’s moral reasoning. Syasya Afizza Binti Zazali1 , Zaharah Osman2 Jabatan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-kanak, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia1&2 [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRAK Kemampuan dalam menguasai kemahiran sosioemosi dapat membangunkan nilai-nilai murni yang diperlukan seperti hasrat KSPK 2017 untuk menggabungkan ilmu pengetahuan, kemahiran-kemahiran, nilai-nilai serta mengimplementasikan kemahiran abad ke 21 termasuklah Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) adalah penting untuk membentuk moral dan jati diri kanak-kanak. Kanak-kanak yang menguasai kemahiran sosioemosi mampu belajar untuk mengawal emosi, fikiran dan tindakan mereka agar berupaya untuk sesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan bermasyarakatan. Kajian ini akan membincangkan mengenai keperluan pembinaan modul sosioemosi dalam membina penaakulan moral kanak-kanak. Terdapat beberapa aspek yang dilihat bagi pembangunan modul sosioemosi ini iaitu pengetahuan guru, amalan guru, keperluan pembinaan modul sosioemosi dalam membina penaakulan moral kanak-kanak dan ciri-ciri modul yang diperlukan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian untuk mengumpul data. Kajian rintis ini dilaksanakan terhadap 30 orang guru tabika KEMAS. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package For The Social Science Version 26.0 (SPSS 26.0). Dapatan hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat keperluan dalam pembinaan modul sosioemosi dalam membina penaakulan moral kanak-kanak ini. Kata Kunci: Modul, Sosioemosi, Penaakulan Moral, Kanak-Kanak, Tabika

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 42 ABSTRACT The ability to master socio-emotional skills can develop the necessary noble values such as the desire of KSPK 2017 to combine knowledge, skills, values and implement 21st century skills including Higher Level Thinking Skills (KBAT) is important to form morals and identity children themselves. Children who master socioemotional skills are able to learn to control their emotions, thoughts and actions in order to be able to adapt themselves in social life. This study will discuss the need to build a socioemotional module in building children's moral reasoning. There are several aspects that are seen for the development of this socio-emotional module, namely the teacher's knowledge, the teacher's practice, the need for the construction of the socio-emotional module in building children's moral reasoning and the characteristics of the required module. This study uses a quantitative approach where a questionnaire is used as a research instrument to collect data. This pilot study was carried out on 30 KEMAS kindergarten teachers. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package For The Social Science Version 26.0 (SPSS 26.0). The findings of the study show that there is a need in the construction of the socio-emotional module in building the moral reasoning of these children. Keywords: Module, Socio-emotional, Moral Reasoning, Children, Kindergarten

2 nd International Early Childhood Care & Education Conference “Paving the Future: Assuring Quality, Leading Innovations& Promoting Creativity” 15-16 December 2022 Hybrid: Scholar’s Suite UPSI & Online 43 PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGING CHALLENGING BEHAVIOURS AMONG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Lee Wei Tan1 , Hasrul Hosshan2 Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak Darul Ridzuan1 National Child Development Research Centre (NCDRC), 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak Darul Ridzuan2 Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by difficulties with communication, socialisation, and show repetitive and restricted patterns of behaviours or interests. Children with ASD commonly demonstrate challenging behaviours that can result in interference of social relationships, academic achievement, language skills, and hinder positive parent-child relationships. Parental stress levels and parenting styles are influenced drastically by the children’s behavioural problems. The circumstances become deterioration if parents lack of behavioural management knowledge and strategies to manage their children with ASD. Existing researches studied parents’ perceptions, attitude, and knowledge about ASD and challenges faced by parents to raise children with ASD, however, limited studies examine the perceptions and knowledge of parents to manage challenging behaviours of children with ASD. This is the limitation that this study seeks to address. Qualitative multiple case studies research designs are adopted, which the targeted research groups involve low-income families of children with ASD from Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) are selected across the Perak state of Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with the selected parents of children with ASD from CBR to explore and understand approaches, awareness and strategies to cope disruptive behaviours of children with ASD. Insufficient knowledge, poor understanding, and low awareness among parents about effective behavioural management methods to manage challenging behaviours of children with ASD that induce development of a cost-effective Parent Education Behavioural Intervention Training (PEBIT) Module. This module is to equip parents with essential knowledge, skills and strategies to decrease and reduce the children’s challenging and problematic behaviours as well as to improve children’s compliance to complete tasks or activities. As a conclusion, parents are considered as primary intervention agents and pivotal change behaviours agent to facilitate Parent-Mediated Behavioural Intervention (PMBI) for children with ASD at home settings. Keywords: Parents, Challenging Behaviours, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Perceptions, Knowledge