Natural Features.pptx

TIOMAN ISLAND-JAURA BEACH-SITE ANALYSIS

NATURAL FEATURES



LOCATION

Tioman is located in
Malaysia as part of the State of
Pahang. It is 32km off the east
coast of the state and is
accessed by ferry from
Mersing, Johor.

The island is 20km long and
12km wide with a land area
of 136 km2, including 72km2
of primarily inland rainforest
which is a protected area.

TOPOGRAPHY

• Large part of the island is covered by tropical rain forest
with hilly topography, inland forest and small flat land
areas along the coast

• The terrain of the island is quite steep, rising from 75 m
to 1,038 m above mean sea level, resulting in short and
steep river profiles.

• About 12 km' of the island's area falls in the range of
slope between 0 to 30°, whilst about 119 km' is having
slope greater than 30° Desa (1999). Approximately 90 %
of the land is occupied by slope greater than 300

Topography looks at the contours of the land you are
planning to design and build on as well as the natural
formations surrounding your block. On a flat site, topography
might not be that important, but when you build on a sloping
site it is paramount so that you can assess hazards like
landslides and erosion.

BEACH

PROFILEBeach profiles have proved useful for measuring

seasonal fluctuations on beach species as well as the
comparison of beaches in different locations.
Any coast is continually changing due to wave and
tidal influences. The power of wave is significant force
that influences beach profile. The size and energy of
wave is dictated by strength and duration of the wind
that created them and by the wave fetch.

Based on the data collected on the disturbed site (A1 and A2) and on the undisturbed height (B3 and B4), it shows that
the undisturbed beach has fairly random slope. This has some issues regarding how compact the soil is,which can change
the reading because the poles can go deeper with less compact soils

Many low-lying tidal areas are characterised by flat gradients. This creates
particular difficulties in hydraulic design. All such systems must be checked by
hydraulic grade line calculations (for pipe systems) or backwater analysis (for open
channels), paying particular attention to the selection of appropriate tailwater
levels. In flat areas, larger conveyance systems than would otherwise be the case
are needed to carry stormwater flows. High velocities and scouring will not
normally be a problem.

SOIL INVESTIGATION

Soil Investigation is a process of classifying
earth materials of a construction site

Primary rainforest soil composition Jaura Beach (clay sample) soil composition

Secondary rainforest soil composition Mangrove soil composition The soil composition also
determines the type of
foundation to be used for
the design

TYPE OF SOIL

Pulau Tioman is an island and it is surrounded by sand. It consists

of small particles of weathered rock. Sandy soils are light and
gritty to the touch. Because sandy soils have large
particles, they dry out quickly. This type of soil is very good

for the drainage system. Sandy soil is usually formed by the
breakdown or fragmentation of rocks like granite, limestone, and
quartz.

Soil bearing capacity refers to the ability of soil to support load
applied to the ground. Load Bearing

(Pounds Per Square Foot) of sand is 3000 psf

DISTRIBUTION OF

VEGETATION ZONES ON PULAU

TIOMAN.Mangroves
- Mangrove swamps are disjunctly distributed along the island's
coastline.
Characteristic plant species include
.

Rhizophora Bruguiear Excoecaria
apiculata, gymnorhiza agallocha

Avicennia alba which in some localities are unusually tall
with large girth, attesting to the old age of
the grove.

Coastal vegetation
- Coastal vegetation forms a relatively narrow zone between the
mangrove swamps (when present) and the lower reaches of the
lowland dipterocarp forest.
It is characterized by palms, such aPs,andanus dubius

Scaevola taccada Calophyllum inophyllum
Vitex trifolia
and moderately-sized trees such as
Scaevola taccada, Calophyllum
inophyllum, and Vitex trifolia.
Dipterocarp trees are noticeably absent.

-Blue weed,rosemary,sea kale,sea lavender, is also
present there.

Lowland dipterocarp forest
-Lowland dipterocarp forest occurs on the
alluvial slopes between coastal vegetation and
hill dipterocarp forest and is usually dominated
by large non-dipterocarp trees such as Arenga
pinnata, Caryota mitis, and Nenga macrocarpa.
A few large dipterocarp species such as
Anisoptera curtisii and Neobalanocarpus heimii
exist as emergents

Alluvial vegetation
-Vegetation that grows on alluvial soils
-Alluvial soil = a fine-grained fertile soil
deposited by water flowing over the site.
-Cottonwood and willow saplings

Hydrographical and Source of Fresh Water
Most rivers and streams in Pulau Tioman are short and intermittent, characterised by the hilly and
rugged topography of the island. To the northern part of the island, most streams are dendritic, flowing
directly to the sea. The southern streams radiate from the highland of Gunung Kajang.
The larger rivers include:
i. Sungai Mentawak, Sungai Keliling, Sungai Baharu and Sungai Air Seler (eastern shore)
ii. Sungai Raya (southern shore)
iii. Sungai Nipah, Sungai Paya and Sungai Air Besar (western shore)
iv. Sungai Salang and Sungai Tarah (northern shore)
Both rivers and underground water are the main source of fresh water in Pulau Tioman.