UC3-Core-Caring and maintaining crops

COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector: AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY
Qualification: AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II
Unit of Competency: CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS

Module Title: CARING AND MAINTAINING CROPS

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
WANGAN NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Wangan Calinan, Davao City

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 1
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING MODULE

Welcome to the Module; CARING AND MAINTAINING CROPS . This
Module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS contains the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Agricultural Crop Production NC-II.
It is one of the Core Modules at National Certificate Level II (NC II)

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome there
are Information Sheets, Resource Sheets and References Materials for further
reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow these
activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning
outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your work
honestly. If you have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in
this module because you have:

 Been working for sometime
 Already completed training in this area

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized
so you won’t have to do the same training again. If you have qualifications or
Certificates of Competency from previous trainings, show them to your trainer. If
the skills you acquired are still relevant to this module, they may become part of
the evidence you can present for RPL.

At the end of this learning material is a Learner’s Diary, use this diary to
record important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will
assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessors. A Record of
Achievement is also provided for land preparation for agricultural , Implement
Post Harvest Program and Implement Plant Nutrition, our trainer to complete
once you completed the module.

This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in. This will be the source of information for you to acquire the

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 2
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and at your own pace
with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.

In doing the activities to complete the requirements of his module, please be
guided by the following:

Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training under
this module. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections,
which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to successfully complete.

Work through all information and complete the activities in each section. Read
the information sheets and complete the self-checks provided. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this module.

Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/ She is
there to support you and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for help.

Your trainer will tell you about the important things that you need to consider
when you are completing the activities and it is important that you listen and
take notes.

You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on the job.
Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way
you will improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence

Talk to more experienced work mates and ask for their guidance.

Use self-check question at the end of each section to test your own progress.

When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities outlined
in this module.

As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.
Your trainer keeps feedback/pre-assessment reports for this reason. When
you have completed this learning material and feel confident that you have
had sufficient knowledge and skills, your trainer will arrange an appointment
with a registered assessor to assess you. The results of the assessment will be
recorded in your Competency Achievement Record.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 3
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

SELF-ASSESSMENT CHECK

INSTRUCTIONS: This Self-Check Instrument will give the trainer necessary data
or information which is essential in planning training sessions.
Please check the appropriate box of your answer to the questions
below.

CORE COMPETENCIES (CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS)

Can I? YES NO
1. Monitor pest incidence based on prescribed procedure?

2. Prepare tools and materials according to specific pest control
measure.?

3. Follow appropriate pest control measures based on GAP?

4. Observe and Practice Safety measures according to
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)
Procedures?

5. Control weed population?

6. Prepare Tools and materials according to prescribed user’s
manual?

7. Identify kinds of Fertilizers?

8. Apply rate of Fertilizer based on crop requirement.?

9. Employs appropriate method of fertilizer application based on
crop requirements.?

10. Applies precautionary measures to avoid cross
contamination based on GAP?

11. Follows Safety procedures according to Occupational
Safety and Health Standards?

12. Determines soil moisture content based on soil field
13.capaciPtye?rforms watering of crops following prescribed methods

and schedule?
14. Observes Good Agricultural Practices?

15. Applies proper irrigation or watering of crops?

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 4
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

16. Selects appropriate tools and materials for pruning?

17. Performs pruning methods according to crops.?

18. Follows Safety procedures are followed according to
Occupational Safety and Health Standards?

19. Carries out cultivation practices based on crop
requirement?

20. Performs rejuvenating activities?

21. Performs growth training technique for different
crops?

22. Carries out mulching techniques?

23. Follows safety procedures according to
occupational safety and health standards?

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 5
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

AGRICULTURAL CROPS NC II
List of Core Competencies

No Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1. Perform Nursery Operations Performing Nursery AFF610301
Operations

2. Plant Crops Planting Crops AFF610302

3. Care and Maintain Crops Caring and Maintaining AFF610303
Crops

4. Carry-out Harvest and Post- Carrying-out Harvest and AFF610304

Harvest Operations Post-Harvest Operations

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 6
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS

UNIT CODE: AFF 610303

MODULE TITLE : CARING AND MAINTAINING CROPS

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the knowledge, s k i l l s and attitudes

required to apply pest control measure, apply fertilizer, water crops, perform
pruning and perform physical growth-enhancing practices.

SUGGESTED DURATION : 65 hours
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module the students/ trainees will be able to:

LO1. Apply pest control measure
LO2. Apply fertilizer
LO3. Water crops
LO4. Perform pruning
LO5. Perform physical growth-enhancing practices

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 7
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

LO1. APPLY PEST CONTROL MEASURE
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Pests incidence is monitored based on prescribed procedure.
 Tools and materials are prepared according to specific pest control

measure.
 Appropriate pest control measures are followed based on GAP.
 Safety measures are observed and practiced according to Occupational

Health and Safety (OHS) procedures.

CONTENTS:
 Pest control measures based on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
 Tools and materials for pest control measures
 Safety measure according to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Materials, tools, farm implement and simple equipment
 Personal protective equipment
 Workplace with commercial plant crops

METHODOLOGIES:
 Demonstration/lecture discussion
 Simulation

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Direct observation
 Oral interview
 Portfolio assessment

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 8
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME 1: APPLY PEST CONTROL MEASURE

RESOURCES LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Read Information Sheet 3.1-1
Information Sheet 3.1-1
Pest Control Measures based on Good
Agricultural Practices (GAP)

Self-check 3.1-1 Read and answer Self-check 3.1-1

Task Sheet 3.1-1 Read and perform Task Sheet 3.1-1

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 9
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Information Sheet 3.1-1
PEST CONTROL MEASURES BASED ON GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

Objectives;
After reading this information sheet the trainees/students must be able to:
1. Identify pests
2. Know the methods of pest control
3. Implement pest control based on good agricultural practices

Introduction

A pest is an organism living and growing where they are not wanted and can
cause damage to plants, humans, structures, and other creatures, including
crops that are grown for food. Students will learn about different types of pests
and the damage they cause, including an example of pests on corn. Integrated
pest management is when different controls methods are used to manage pests,
including chemical controls, which must be used responsibly

MAIN CATEGORIES OF PEST
1. Vertebrate Pests
Have a backbone. Examples: Rodents, birds, reptiles, and other
mammals
2. Invertebrate Pests
No backbone. Examples: Insets, spiders, ticks, slugs
3. Weeds
Any plant growing out of place.
4. Diseases
Fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

CONTROL METHODS
1. Cultural control - means changing the environment. In the home, that can
be cleaning up food and keeping the area clean. In agriculture, that means
crop rotation in fields, managing the soil for optimum soil health, and
choosing resistant varieties, such as corn hybrids that are resistant to a
pest.
2. Mechanical control means physical objects such as traps, machines, and
devices. In the home, a mouse trap may be used. In agriculture, plowing

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 10
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

and tillage of the soil might be used to control weeds and traps are also
used for monitoring insects and catching pests.

3. Biological controls are natural enemies of the pests, such as animals and
other creatures. In the home, that could be a cat that eats the mouse. In

agriculture, that can be predators like lady beetles and lacewings, or
parasites like wasps and flies.
4. Chemical controls are poisonous to the pests, such as sprays, dusts, and

baits. In the home, mouse bait (a rodenticide) might be used. In agriculture,
pesticides are sometimes used to control various pests to crops.

Pest Identification
Accurate identification is the first step in an effective pest management program.
Never attempt a pest control program until you are sure of what the pest is. The
more you know about the pest and the factors that influence its development and
spread, the easier, more cost-effective, and more successful your pest control will
be. Correct identification of a pest allows you to determine basic information
about it, including its life cycle and the time that it is most susceptible to being
controlled.

STEPS IN IDENTIFYING PESTS
1. Examine the Plant: If you suspect an insect is causing problems, examine

the plant. Check the leaves, top and bottom, looking for insects, caterpillars,
and egg masses. As you touch the leaves, watch for scurrying or flying
insects. Jot down notes, take a photo, or collect a sample so you can research
the possible culprits using a field guide or gardening reference. Wait to spray
until you've made a positive ID..
2. Identify the Type of Pest; Entomologists (insect specialists) often categorize
insects by how they feed.
CATEGORY OF PESTS ACCORDING TO THEIR FEEDING HABITS

1. Chewing insects eat leaves. Symptoms include holes, ragged edges,
and "skeletonizing" -- eating the tissue between leaf veins. Examples
include weevils, caterpillars, flea beetles, and Japanese beetles. Look
for the telltale frass (excrement) of the larger of these pests.

2. Sucking insects pierce a hole in plant tissue and suck out the fluids.
Signs include stippling on foliage or silvery bronze leaves and
discolored blooms.

Other insects, such as wireworms, feed on roots. Cutworms feed at ground
level, girdling young seedlings.
Tips
Once you've identified that you indeed do have a pest problem, determine
whether control is really necessary. Is the damage located on the leaves of a plant
you'll be harvesting in a week or two? Control measures may not be warranted.
However, many pests multiply quickly so keep a close eye on pest populations.

Once you've identified the pest, research its life cycle and habits. Some pests,
such as leaf miners that tunnel into plant tissue, will not be affected by sprays.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 11
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Controls will be more effective if you catch the insect in the most vulnerable part
of its life cycle.

Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, a
member of the animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities. The
human response depends on the importance of the damage done, and will range
from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely
eradicate the pest. Pest control measures may be performed as part of
an integrated pest management strategy.

In agriculture, pests are kept at bay by cultural, chemical and biological means.
Ploughing and cultivation of the soil before sowing reduces the pest burden and
there is a modern trend to limit the use of pesticides as far as possible. This can
be achieved by monitoring the crop, only applying insecticides when necessary,
and by growing varieties and crops which are resistant to pests. Where possible,
biological means are used, encouraging the natural enemies of the pests and
introducing suitable predators or parasites.

In homes and urban environments, the pests are the rodents, birds, insects and
other organisms that share the habitat with humans, and that feed on and spoil
possessions. Control of these pests is attempted through exclusion, repulsion,
physical removal or chemical means. Alternatively, various methods of biological
control can be used including sterilization programmers.

Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) are “practices that address environmental,
economic and social sustainability for on-farm processes, and result in safe and
quality food and non-food agricultural products” (FAO COAG 2003 GAP paper).

GAP primarily involve the application of good management practices to maintain
the consumer confidence in food quality and food safety by taking into account
the optimal use of inputs to ensure worker health and minimizing detrimental
environmental impacts on farming operation

TYPES OF PEST
1. insects, such as roaches, termites, mosquitoes, aphids, beetles, fleas, and

caterpillars.
2. insect-like organisms, such as mites, ticks, and spiders,
3. microbial organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses, and

mycoplasmas,
4. weeds, which are any plants growing where they are not wanted,
5. mollusks, such as snails, slugs, and shipworms, and
6. vertebrates, such as rats, mice, other rodents, birds, fish, and snakes.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 12
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Most organisms are not pests. A species may be a pest in some situations and
not in others. An organism should not be considered a pest until it is proven to

be one.

References:

1. pestcontrolalabama.com>pest-control-methods
2. www.researchgate.net.publication.301821698_Good_Agriculutal-p...

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 13
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

SELF-CHECK 3.1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your answer and write it on the answer
sheet provided for.

1. Are “practices that address environmental, economic and social sustainability

for on-farm processes, and result in safe and quality food and non-food

agricultural products

a. Pest control methods c. Good Agricultural Practices

b. Category of pest d. identification of pest

2. It is the use of hands-on techniques as well as simple equipment and devices,

that provides a protective barrier between plants and insects.

a. Mechanical pest control method

b. Biological pest control method

c. Natural pest control method

d. Trap crop method

3. It is a crop of a plant that attracts pests, diverting them from nearby crop.

a. mechanical pest control method

b. Natural pest control method

c. Biological control method

d. Trap crop control method

4. An organism living and growing where they are not wanted and can cause

damage to plants, humans, structures, and other creatures, including crops

that are grown for food.

a. Insect b. pest c. mites d. vertebrate

5. It can help to control pests by depriving them of their host plants.

a. Crop rotation

b. Biological pest control method

c. Natural pest control method

d. Cultural control method

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 14
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

ANSWER KEY 3.1-1

1. C

2. A
3. D
4. B

5. A

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 15
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Title : TASK SHEET 3.1-1

IDENTFY PEST AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

Performance Objectives:
Given the materials and tools needed for the activity, you should be

able to identify pest according to their characteristics.

Materials /Supplies : bond paper, pencil/ball pen

Tools/Equipment : catching net, catching bottles

Steps

1. Prepare all the needed materials and tools and proceed to the area.
2. Picture the insect pest and catch using catching net

3. Place the collect insect in the catching bottles

4. Observe and record the characteristic and distinguished what kind of
insect pest and damage

5. Submit your gathered data to your Instructor/trainer

6. Implement 5’s after the activity.

Assessment Method:
Demonstration with questioning

Trainee’s Name_________________________ Date:___________

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 16
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Performance Criteria Checklists 3.1-1

Did I….. YES NO

Criteria

1. Identify what kind of insect pest, characteristic and
pest damage?

2. Collect, picture and distinguish what kind of insect
pest?

3. Observed and record the characteristic and kind of
insect pest damage.?

4. Implementing and observe 5’s after the activity?

Comments / Suggestions:

______________________________________________________________________

Trainer:_______________________ Date:________________

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 17
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Information Sheet 3.1-2
TOOLS AND MATERIALS FOR PEST CONTROL MEASURES

Objectives;
After reading this information sheet the trainees/students must be able to:
1. Identify the materials and tools for pest control
2. Know the pest control methods
3. Use the different pest control methods

Introduction

Pest control- is the regulation or management of species defined as a pest,
member of the animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities. The
human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range
from tolerance through deterrence and management to attempts to completely
eradicate the pest. This can be achieved by monitoring the crop, only applying
insecticides when necessary, and by growing varieties and crops which is
resistant to pest.

PEST CONTROL TOOLS

1. Bait Applicator Gun: We use professional bait
applicator guns to apply gel treatments such
as ant killer bait gel, carpenter ant killer bait
gel, and roach gel. This tool works great to help
us apply pest control gels across your property
evenly, and at a fast pace

2. Duster: A hand duster, used in combination
with the right dust product, is an ideal crack
and crevice pest control treatment. We use the
duster and dust to treat for ants, bed bugs,
cockroaches, fleas, silverfish, scorpions,
sow bugs, millipedes, and others.

3. Sprayer: The pump sprayer is a common way
to spread pesticides around a home or office.
Our exterminators use sprayers and insecticide
to combat all common insects like Ants,
Cockroaches, Fleas, Bedbugs, Silverfish,
Scorpions, Centipedes, Sow bugs, Millipedes,
and more.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 18
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

ss

4. Flow Meter: Chemical flowmeters, aka flow
controller system, are great for termite control.
We use the flow indicator and flow gauges to
tell us when we are applying the right amount
of liquid termite control chemicals. It is important
to ensure that the proper flow conditions are met
because you must use the exact amount of
chemicals to exterminate termites.

5. Inspector Mirror: Telescoping inspection mirrors are a great pest control
tool that is used by the best exterminators. Inspector mirrors are typically
used when doing pest control inspections, before and after the job. We use
the inspection mirror to see around pipes and into hidden areas. For
example, in crevices, engine compartments, and other hard to reach areas.

6. IR Thermometer: Infrared temperature sensors allow our exterminators to
identify possible points of entry, cool areas, and sources of moisture. These
are the areas where pests find themselves. Without the thermal imaging
tools, it is hard to find points of entry. We use the IR thermometer with a
blower door and other tools to help us identify problem areas.

7. Moisture Meter: Moisture meters are useful tool for exterminators. No pest
control expert can do their job without the help of a moisture meter. Our
exterminator team uses the moisture meter to get instant moisture readout
so that the proper remediation technique can be applied. When doing
termite control treatments, moisture meters are great for determining the
existing wood moisture conditions.

8. Termite Injector With Maximizer: Our custom
termite injectors are great for injecting chemicals
into termite holes, mud holes, cracks, mud tubes,
crevices, and other termite entry points.

9. Twin task flashlight: We use a powerful LED twin-task flashlight to do our
pest inspections. The reason we use a high quality flashlight like a twin
task flashlight is because we need to see in difficult, hard to reach areas.
High intensity Led lighting is necessary for doing a proper pest inspection.

10. Vacuum: Vacuums are used for job cleanup as well as initial
cleanup in the area of the pest infestation, if necessary. Other
exterminators will leave the area dirty and hard to work in. Not us, though.
We are sure to use the highest quality, most efficient tools that are
available in the market today.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 19
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

METHODS OF PEST CONTROL

 Physical pest control method
 Chemical pest control method
 Cultural pest control method
 Biological pest control method

1. Physical Pest Control method is a method of getting rid of insects and
small rodents bykilling, removing, or setting up barriers that will prevent
further destruction of one's plants. These methods are used primarily
for crop growing, but some methods can be appliedto homes as well.

.

Fig. 1.1 example of row covers using plastic with
a desirable crop

Fig.1.2 row covers using polyester

2. Chemical Pest Control Method: The most common method of pest control is
the use chemicals like pesticides—chemicals that either kill pests or inhibit

their development. Pesticides are often classified according to the pest they
are intended to control.

Fig. 1.3 man shows spraying insecticides using
power spray to eradicate pest.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 20
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

3. Cultural Pest Control Method: These methods are aimed either at reducing
the sources of inoculum or at reducing the exposure of plants to infection. Its
primary objective is the prevention of pest damage and not the destruction of
an existing and damaging pest population.
Types of cultural pest control method

 Good soil preparation -This is the first important element in pest
control strategy. A healthy soil means healthy plants which are
relatively more resistant to pests. Some soil rich in humus hosts a wide
variety of beneficial microflora that trap nematodes and destroy or keep
in dormancy disease organisms, thereby encouraging beneficial insects.

Fig.1.4 organic soil which comprises organic
matter and garden soil.

 Use of indigenous varieties: Traditional varieties are hardier and
relatively more resistant to pests. They can withstand harsh
environmental conditions better than modem hybrids.

Fig. 1.5 native corn is an example of indigenous
variety that resistant to pest.

 Rouging or pruning: Removal of diseased plants or plant parts
prevents the spread of microorganisms to uninfected areas.

Fig. 1.6 removal of infected leaves of DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1
chili pepper (Capsicum anuum)
JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
AGRICULTURAL CROP DEVELOPED BY:
PRODUCTION NC II TESDA-WNAS 21
ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CARING AND MAINTAINING Instructor
CROPS 112

 Intercropping with aromatic herbs: Several types of odorous plants can
be grown together with the main crop to repel insects

4. Biological Pest Control Method: Biological pest control is the

suppression of pest populations by living organisms such as predators,
parasites and pathogens. These agents are responsible for keeping pests
under control most of the time. Biological control can have side-effects

on biodiversity through attacks on non-target species by any of the same
mechanisms, especially when a species is introduced without thorough
understanding of the possible consequences.

Some biocontrol agent namely;

 Trichogramma- is a genus of minute polyphagous wasps that

are endoparasitoids of insect eggs. Trichogramma spp. have been used
for control of lepidopteran pests for many years. They can be considered

the Drosophila of the parasitoid world, as they have been used for in
undative releases and much understanding today comes from
experiments with these wasps

 Praying mantis and Lacewings - flies Feed on aphids and soft-
bodied insects.

 Ground beetles- Ladybird beetles feed on scales and aphids only.
They eat 40-50 insects per day. Their larva eat even more.

 Toads, snakes and spiders- eat insects and other garden pests.

Toads eat as many as 10,000 insects and other pests in three
months, including cutworms, slugs, crickets, ants, caterpillars
and squash bugs.

 Birds- Some birds are omnivorous. Some examples from the
temperate zone provide a good illustration of what birds eat. A

house wren feeds 500 spiders and caterpillars to her young in one
afternoon; a brown trasher consumes 6,000 insects a day; a
chickadee eats 138,000 canker worm eggs in 25 days; and, a pair

of flickers eats 5,000 ants as snacks.
 Parasitic insects- are usually small flies or wasps which attack

one or a few closely related pest species. They are parasitic in
their larval stages but free-living as adults.
 Tachinid flies, Braconid wasps. Complete their life cycle on

insect pests. They usually attack the egg of the host pest or the
caterpillar by laying an egg into its body. The wasp larva hatches
inside the caterpillar body and feeds on it.

 Epidinocarsis lopezi

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 22
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Feeds and reproduces on mealybugs of cassava. It has the ability to establish
itself in cassava fields.

Principles of Pest Control

A pest is anything that:
 competes with humans, domestic animals, or desirable plants for food
or water,
 injures humans, animals, desirable plants, structures, or possessions,
 spreads disease to humans, domestic animals, wildlife, or desirable
plants,
 annoys humans or domestic animals.

References:

1. www.fao.org>...
2. www.domyown.com>sprayers_equipment-c-29

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 23
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

SELF-CHECK 3.1.2

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your answer according to your
knowledge, understanding and experience, write it on the answer sheet provided
for.

1. Is the suppression of pest populations by living organisms such as
predators, parasites and pathogens. These agents are responsible for

keeping pests under control most of the time.

a. Chemical pest control method b. Biological Pest control method

c. Natural pest control method d. Physical Pest Control Method

2. These methods are aimed either at reducing the sources of inoculum or at
reducing the exposure of plants to infection. Its primary objective is the
prevention of pest damage and not the destruction of an existing and
damaging pest population.

a. Chemical Pest Control Method b. Biological Pest Control Method

c. Natural Pest Control Method d. Physical Pest Control Method

3. It is the regulation or management of species defined as a pest, member of the

animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities.

a. Pest Control b. Pest

c. Pest control measure d. None of the above
4. It is the removal of diseased plants or plant parts prevents the spread of

microorganisms to uninfected areas.

a. roughing b. pathology

c. training d. Biological Pest Control
5. What is a common form of equipment use for spraying pesticides by the

farmers.?

a. pail and dipper b. knapsack sprayer

c. shower d. all of the above

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 24
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

ANSWER KEY 3.1-2

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 25
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Title : JOB SHEET 3.1-2

CONTOLLING PESTS

Performance Objectives:

Given the necessary tools and materials in controlling pests
, you should be able to perform the activity using the appropriate method
of controlling pest
Materials /Supplies; farm area, chemicals

Tools/Equipment : trap, sprayer

Steps / Procedures:
1. Proceed to the assigned area and check for pest infestation

2. Decide what method of control to be used.

3. Prepare all the materials and tools needed for postharvest treatment
activity

4. Perform the activity using the appropriate control method.
5. Document the activity
6. Implement 5’s in the area.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration with questioning

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 26
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Trainee’s Name_________________________ Date:___________

Performance Criteria Checklists 3.1-2

DID I YES NO

Criteria
1. Check the assign area prior to the activity
2. Prepare all needed materials and tools appropriate

for the control method to be used
3. Perform the activity according to the instructions

given by the trainer/supervisor
4. Document the control method use after the activity
5. Check the materials and tools after using
6. Implement 5’s after the activity.

Comments / Suggestions:
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Trainer:_______________________ Date:________________

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 27
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

LO2. APPLY FERTILIZER

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Tools and materials are prepared according to prescribed user’s
manual

 Fertilizers are identified based on kinds.
 Fertilizer rates are applied based on crop requirements.

 Appropriate method of fertilizer application is employed based on
crop requirements.

 Precautionary measures are applied to avoid cross contamination
based on GAP.

 Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety and

Health Standards.

CONTENTS
 Fertilizers and its kind

 Methods of fertilizer application

 Fertilizer requirement of a crop
 Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety and

Health Standards.

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Workplace with commercial crops.
 Quality specifications
 Production plan and schedule
 Farm procedures relating to applying fertilizer
 Tools, equipment and machinery (sprayers, pail, irrigation system, etc.)
 Farm Chemicals (fertilizers, ameliorants, growth enhancer, etc.)
 PPE’s

METHODOLOGIES: DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1
 Demonstration
 Lecture / discussion JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
 Simulation/ field work DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 28
AGRICULTURAL CROP ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
PRODUCTION NC II Instructor
112
CARING AND MAINTAINING
CROPS

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Direct observation
 Oral interview
 Portfolio assessmen

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME # 2: APPLY FERTILIZER

RESOURCES LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Read Information Sheet 3.2-1
Information Sheet 3.2-1
Fertilizer and Its Kind

Self-check 3.2-1 Read and answer Self-check 3.2-1

Information sheet 3.2-2 Read Information Sheet 3.2-2
Fertilizer Application

Self-check 3.2-2 Read and answer Self-check 3.2-1

Job Sheet 3.2-2 Read and perform Job sheet 3.2-2
Applying fertilizer

Information Sheet 3.2-3 Read Information Sheet 3.2-3

Safety Procedures in Applying
Fertilizers according to OHS

Self-check 3.2-3 Read and answer Self-check 3.2-3

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 29
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

INFORMATION SHEET 3.2.1
FERTILIZERN AND ITS KIND

Objective:
After reading this information sheet the trainees must be able to:
1. Identify the types of fertilizer to be applied.
2. Know the function of fertilizer

Introduction:

Fertilizers are food for plants. Fertilizer helps farmers feed our growing
population. Plants require 17 essential nutrients in the soil to survive and to
grow. Fertilizers help replenish these nutrients after each harvest.

IMPORTANT NUTRIENTS FOR HIGH CROP YIELDS
1. Nitrogen (N) makes up about 78 percent of the air we breathe. It is inert and
insoluble in this form meaning plants cannot use it. To manufacture
nitrogen fertilizer, it must be removed from the air and combined with
hydrogen to make ammonia.
Uses of Amonia

 it is applied directly to crops as a nitrogen fertilizer

 it is used as a building block to make other nitrogen fertilizer
products.

2. Phosphorus (P) is present in all living cells and is essential to all forms of
life. The source of phosphorus in fertilizer is phosphate rock, which is
typically mined from the earth’s crust then reacted with different kinds of
acids to produce different phosphate products.

3. Potassium (K) is also found throughout nature and is found in our bodies in
muscles, skin, and the digestive tract. Good health requires sufficient intake
of potassium, and plants get it from potash fertilizers. Plants use potassium
for functions like photosynthesis, protein formation, and water use.
Potassium, or potash, is mined from naturally occurring ore bodies that were
formed as seawater evaporated.

4. Sulphur (S) is essential for the production of amino acids, which are the
building blocks of proteins found in all living things. Sulphur also helps give

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 30
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

crops like onion, mustard and radishes their characteristic color. While it
can be found naturally in the soil, it is not always in a form plants can use.

TYPES OF FERTILIZER
1. Organic: Organic fertilizers are made from natural and organic materials—

mainly manure, compost, or other animal and plant products.
2. Inorganic fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer, also referred to as synthetic fertilizer,

is manufactured artificially and contains minerals or synthetic chemicals
Examples

 anhydrous ammonia

 urea

 urea-ammonium nitrate solutions

 triple superphosphate, ammonium phosphates

 muriate of potash (potassium chloride)

Advantages of Inorganic fertilizers

 can use inorganic fertilizer to revive dying plants immediately. Just
because it releases nutrients easily into the soil and the plants absorb
them.

 is easily available in almost all agro-input outlets. This makes it very
convenient.

Disadvantages of Inorganic Fertilizer

 They cost much higher than organic fertilizers.

 Inorganic fertilizers contain essential plant nutrients and they also
contain other compounds and salts.

 Applying too much, at an instance, tends to burn the plant. It can
even destroy it. You need to strictly follow the recommended rates.

 Moreover, leaching occurs easily when you over water. Also when
there is too much rainfall.

 In cases of heavy rains or overwatering, the nutrients and other
compounds wash into nearby water bodies. They pollute and make
them unhealthy human or livestock to use.

 If you apply it continuously, it disturbs the
natural biotic environment. That affects the soil structure. Most soil
organisms do not survive in areas of consistent application of
inorganic fertilizers.

Macro Elements in Fertilizer

 Nitrogen (N) for leaf development and vivid green coloring of the
plant’s leaf.

 Phosphorus (P) for root growth of the plants.

 Potassium (K) for root /branches development and fruit
development as well as for disease resistance.

Micro Elements in Fertilizers

 Boron

 Chlorine

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 31
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

 Copper
 Zinc
 Iron
 Manganese
 Cobalt
 Nickel
 molybdenum
Soil Ameliorants are intended to neutralize the acidity of the soil.
Soil Ameliorants used to improve Soil Fertility:
 Cover crops
 Animal manure
 Gypsum and lime

Organic fertilizer is usually made from plant or animal waste – think manure or
compost. They can also be highly processed products with a compost or manure
base.

Advantages in using Organic Fertilizer

1. Soil Structure: Because of the organic matter present in organic fertilizer,
soil structure is improved and as a result the soil’s ability to hold onto water
and nutrients increases.

2. Microbes Thrive: Synthetic fertilizer consists of chemical molecules without
carbon. These molecules can sometimes be disruptive and are not accessible
to microbes. On the other hand, organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter,
which helps microbes thrive. Organic fertilizer contains carbon as part of its
chemical makeup; and it is the carbon, along with nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium that feeds microbes and enables them to make nutrients
available for plants in a naturally occurring biological process.

3. Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly: Synthetic fertilizers runoff into
our waterways harming marine life and water quality. Organic fertilizers do
not run off as easily (if at all) and are associated with soil structure.
According to the Organic Trade Association, organic fertilizer also increases
species biodiversity by 30% compared with synthetic fertilizer.

>>
4. Reduce Fertilizers and Pesticides: Although organic fertilizer can be more
costly than synthetic, it can reduce the need for pesticides and the overall
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements. Because of the
reductions, organic fertilizer can be cost neutral and sometimes a cost
savings.
5. Plant Damage Threat Avoided: Some synthetic fertilizers can cause plant
damage to leaves and roots.

Disadvantages in using Inorganic Fertilizer
1. Not All Products Are Created Equally: Not all products are created equally
and many organic products produce inconsistent results. Make sure you

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 32
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

are selecting a product that is industry vetted by reviewing any university
studies or case studies.
2. Nutrient Levels Are Low: The level of nutrients present in organic fertilizer is
often low. In addition, the nutrients are usually complexed in organic
chemical structure; this means using organic fertilizer may not produce the
pop of color seen with a chemical fertilizer. Using an organic fertilizer is a
process, not an event.
3. DIY Compost is a Complicated Procedure: While you can produce your own
compost, it’s a messy and complicated process that often leads to an
inconsistent product and end-result.

References:
1. www.holganix.com>blog>8-advantages-disadvantages-of-using..
2. extension.msstate.edu>publication.publocation>inorganic-fertilizer
3. blog.agrihomegh.com>inorganic-fertilizer

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 33
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

SELF-CHECK 3.2-1

MATCHUNG TYPE: Match Column A with Column B, Write the letter of your
answer on the answer sheet provided for.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Nitrogen a. reduced fruit or seed production
2. Phosphorus b. new leaves are distorted
3. Potassium c. interveinal chlorosis
4. Calcium d. slow growth/ leaves turn pale yellow
5. Magnesium e. ammonium or urea
6. Sulphur f. “borax” or ‘ borate”
7. Boron g. failure to bloom
8. Copper h. “cupric” or “cuprous’
9. Manganese i. cover crops
10. Soil ameliorants j. neutralize soil acidity
k. stunted growth

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 34
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

ANSWER KEY 3.2-1

1. E
2. K
3. A

4. B
5. G or C

6. K
7. F
8. H

9. D
10. J

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 35
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2
FERTILIZER APPLICATION

Objectives
After reading this information sheet the trainees/students must be able to:
1. Identify the methods of applying fertilizer
2. Apply fertilizer base on recommended rate of a crop

Introduction

Fertilization or fertilizer application is the supplemental application of plant
nutrients to crop plants to augment the supply from natural sources. This
consists of applying nutrient-containing materials, called fertilizers, generally into
the soil in proximity to receptor plants.

IMPORTANCE OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION

Fertilizers replace the nutrients that crops remove from the soil. Without the
addition of fertilizers, crop yields and agricultural productivity would be

significantly reduced. That’s why mineral fertilizers are used to supplement the
soil’s nutrient stocks with minerals that can be quickly absorbed and used by
crops.

Thus, in order to meet human nutritional needs in the crops and meat we eat,
we need to replace what we take out. The key is to get this balance right and

to maintain a level of nutrients in soils that will support our crops without
applying excess.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 36
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Each crop draws down from these reserves and we need to replace them
with fertilizers, every year and after every crop.

 Put simply – we use fertilizer to:
 Provide nutrients not available in the soil.

 Replace nutrients removed at harvest.

 Balance nutrients for better produce quality and higher yield.

METHODS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION

1. Broadcasting: It refers to spreading fertilizers uniformly all over the field.
Suitable for crops with dense stand, the plant roots permeate the whole
volume of the soil, large doses of fertilizers are applied and insoluble
phosphate fertilizers such as rock phosphate are used.
Types of broadcasting

 Basal application: Broadcasting at sowing or planting The main
objectives of broadcasting the fertilizers at sowing time are to
uniformly distribute the fertilizer over the entire field and to mix
it with soil.

 Top dressing: It is the broadcasting of fertilizers particularly
nitrogenous fertilizers in closely sown crops like paddy and
wheat, with the objective of supplying nitrogen in readily
available form to growing plants.

Disadvantages of broadcasting

 Nutrients cannot be fully utilized by plant roots as they move laterally
over long distances.

 The weed growth is stimulated all over the field

 Nutrients are fixed in the soil as they come in contact with a large mass
of soil.

2. Placement: It refers to the placement of fertilizers in soil at a specific place
with or without reference to the position of the seed. Placement of fertilizers
is normally recommended when the quantity of fertilizers to apply is small,
development of the root system is poor, soil have a low level of fertility and
to apply phosphatic and potassic fertilizer.
Methods of Placement Application
 Plough sole placement: In this method, fertilizer is placed at the
bottom of the plough furrow in a continuous band during the
process of ploughing. This method is suitable for areas where soil
becomes quite dry up to few cm below the soil surface and soils
having a heavy clay pan just below the plough sole layer.
 Deep placement: It is the placement of ammoniacal nitrogenous
fertilizers in the reduction zone of soil particularly in paddy fields,
where ammoniacal nitrogen remains available to the crop. This
method ensures better distribution of fertilizer in the root zone soil
and prevents loss of nutrients by run-off.
 Localized placement: It refers to the application of fertilizers into
the soil close to the seed or plant in order to supply the nutrients in

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 37
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

adequate amounts to the roots of growing plants. The common
methods to place fertilizers close to the seed or plant are as follows:
Methods of applying fertilizer close to the seed or plant
1. Drilling: In this method, the fertilizer is applied at the time of sowing by
means of a seed-cum-fertilizer drill. This places fertilizer and the seed in
the same row but at different depths.
2. Side dressing: It refers to the spread of fertilizer in between the rows and
around the plants.
Methods of Side dressing

 Placement of nitrogenous fertilizers by hand in between the
rows of crops like maize, sugarcane, cotton etc., to apply
additional doses of nitrogen to the growing crops and

 Placement of fertilizers around the trees like mango, apple,
grapes, papaya etc.

3. Band placement: If refers to the placement of fertilizer in bands.
Types of Band Placement
1. Hill placement: It is practiced for the application of fertilizers in orchards.
In this method, fertilizers are placed close to the plant in bands on one or
both sides of the plant. The length and depth of the band varies with the
nature of the crop.
2. Row placement: When the crops like sugarcane, potato, maize, cereals etc.,
are sown close together in rows, the fertilizer is applied in continuous bands
on one or both sides of the row, which is known as row placement.

Row placement

4.Pellet application: It refers to the placement of nitrogenous fertilizer in the
form

of pellets 2.5 to 5 cm deep between the rows of the paddy crop.The fertilizer is
mixed with the soil in the ratio of 1:10 and made small pellets of convenient size
to deposit in the mud of paddy fields.
Advantages of placement of fertilizers

 When the fertilizer is placed, there is minimum contact between the soil
and the fertilizer, and thus fixation of nutrients is greatly reduced

 The weeds all over the field can not make use of the fertilizers

 Residual response of fertilizers is usually higher

 Utilization of fertilizers by the plants is higher

 Loss of nitrogen by leaching is reduced.

 Being immobile, phosphates are better utilized when placed.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 38
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

METHODS OF APPLYING LIQUID FERTILIZERS

1. Starter solutions: It refers to the application of solution of N, P2O5
and K2O in the ratio of 1:2:1 and 1:1:2 to young plants at the time of
transplanting, particularly for vegetables. Starter solution helps in rapid
establishment and quick growth of seedlings.
Disadvantages of starter solutions are
a. Extra labor is required
b. the fixation of phosphate is higher.

2. Foliar application: It refers to the spraying of fertilizer solutions containing
one or more nutrients on the foliage of growing plants. Several nutrient
elements are readily absorbed by leaves when they are dissolved in water
and sprayed on them. The concentration of the spray solution has to be
controlled, otherwise serious damage may result due to scorching of the
leaves.

3. Fertigation: It refers to the application of water soluble fertilizers through
irrigation water. The nutrients are thus carried into the soil in
solution.Generally nitrogenous fertilizers are applied through irrigation
water.

4. Injection into soil: Liquid fertilizers for injection into the soil may be of
either pressure or non-pressure types. Non-pressure solutions may be

applied either on the surface or in furrows without appreciable loss of plant
nutrients under most conditions. Anhydrous ammonia must be placed in

narrow furrows at a depth of 12-15 cm and covered immediately to prevent
loss of ammonia.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 39
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

5. Aerial application: In areas where ground application is not practicable, the
fertilizer solutions are applied by aircraft particularly in hilly areas, in
forest lands, in grass lands or in sugarcane fields etc

6. Drenching method – the fertilizer is applied by dissolving it in water and
applied into the soil around the plants

References:
1. www.cropsreview.com>fertilizer-application
2. www.yara.com>crop-nutrition.feeding-the-world
3. Agritech.tnau.ac.in>agriculture>agri_nutrientmgt_met…

SELF-CHECK 3.2-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your answer according to your
knowledge, understanding and experience. Write your answer on the answer

sheet provided for

1. The fertilizer is applied by dissolving it in water and applied into the soil

around the plants

a. Drenching method c. aerial method

b. Fertigation method d. foliar application

2. The fertilizer solutions are applied by aircraft particularly in hilly areas, in

forest lands, in grass lands or in sugarcane fields etc

a. Foliar application c. aerial application

b. Drenching method d. fertigation

3. It refers to the application of water soluble fertilizers through irrigation water.

a. Aerial application c. fertigation

b. Foliar application d. injection method

4. It is practiced for the application of fertilizers in orchards. In this method,

fertilizers are placed close to the plant in bands on one or both sides of the

plant.

a. Row placement c. pellet application

b. Band placement d. hill placement

5. It refers to the spread of fertilizer in between the rows and around the plants.

a. Broadcasting c. sidedressing

b. Basal application d. drilling method

6. It refers to spreading fertilizers uniformly all over the field

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 40
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

a. Broadcasting c. sidedressing

b. Drilling method d. basal method

7. It is the placement of ammoniacal nitrogenous fertilizers in the reduction zone

of soil particularly in paddy fields, where ammoniacal nitrogen remains

available to the crop.

a. Plough or sole placement c. localized placement

b. Deep placement d. band placement

ANSWER KEY 3.2-2

1. A
2. C

3. C
4. D
5. C

6. A
7. B

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 41
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Title : JOB SHEET 3.2-2

APPLYING FERTILIZER

Performance Objectives:

Given the materials and tools for fertilizer application, you should
be able to apply fertilizer to a certain crops following the appropriate
method of fertilizer application.
Materials /Supplies : farm area, fertilizer, container

Tools/Equipment : shovel, spade, grasshook, trowel
Procedures

1. Check the assign area for the activity

2. Prepare all the needed tools and materials for the activity

3. Clean the surroundings of the plant to be fertilized

4. Perform the activity according to the methods to be used according to
the trainer’s /supervisor’s instructions.

5. Check all the materials and tools after using

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 42
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

6. Implement 5’s after the activity
Assessment Method:

Demonstration with questioning

Trainer’s Name_________________________ Date:___________

Performance Criteria Checklists 3.2-2

DID I… YES NO

Criteria
1. Check the assign area for the activity

2. Prepare all the needed tools and materials for the
activity

3. Clean the surroundings of the plant to be fertilized

4. Perform the activity according to the methods to be
used according to the trainer’s /supervisor’s
instructions.

5. Check all the materials and tools after using

6. Implement 5’s after the activity

Comments / Suggestions: DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 43
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Trainer’s Name:_______________ Date:________________

INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-3
SAFETY PROCEDURES IN FERTILIZER APPLICATION ACCORDING TO

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Objectives
After reading this information sheet the trainees/students must be able to:
1. Understand safety procedure in applying fertilizer
2. Follow safety procedures in applying fertilizer

Introduction:

OHS Hazards, Risks and Control

Hazards include disturbance or interruptions of services, solar radiation,
dust, noise, soil-air and water borne micro-organisms, chemicals and hazardous
substances, sharp hand tools and equipment, manual handling, moving vehicles,
machinery and machinery parts, flying objects and uneven surfaces.

Workplace Hazards
Hazards are anything, including works practices and procedures that have

a potential to harm the health or safety a person. They will vary greatly from one
retail workplace to the next, so no one can tell you what they are in your
workplace.

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 44
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

Hazards are not just physical Hazards like boxes piled too high; they don’t
relate just to machinery with moving parts or sharp blades. Hazards arise from:

 The work environment
 The use of machinery substances
 Poor workplace design
 Inappropriate systems and procedures


Hazards Classification

 Physical = noise, solar radiation, light vibration, heat and cold.
 Chemical = pesticides, fertilizer, fungicides, herbicides,

molluscides and dust.
 Biological = viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria and insects.
 Mechanical/Electrical = tools, machinery, electrical

equipment, slips, trips and falls.
 Psychological = fatigue or stress, over emotions, violence, and

Bullying.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN FERTILIZER APPLICATION

 The method of application has to be chosen to suit the particular nutrient,
the crop, as well as method of cultivation. Nitrogen and potassium are
generally applied as broadcast to irrigated crops. Phosphorus needs to be
placed near the plant rows. Only those fertilizers that do not scorch (burn)
leaves are sprayed.

 Also use the correct dosage/concentration of the fertilizer and at correct
time intervals.

 Using organic fertilisers or mix of manure and fertilisers helps to conserve
the soil fertility.

 Many fertilizers are toxic to useful or desirable animals and birds. Crops
and other plants may also be damaged by misapplied fertilizers. Take
precautions to protect non-pest species from direct exposure to fertilizers
and from contamination due to drift, runoff, or residues.

 Before applying any fertilizer, take into account the stage of plant
development, the soil type and condition, the temperature, moisture, and
wind.

 The person applying the fertilizer should take care of personal safety.
Follow label directions carefully. When applying these chemicals, use
gloves that are suited for the chemical. You should use a ventilation mask,
too especially for powder fertilizers. After application the spreader or
implement needs to be washed really well. Avoid splashing, spilling, leaks,
spray drift, and contamination of clothing. Never eat, smoke, drink, or
chew while using fertilizers

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 45
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

References:

1. www.tropperlearning.com>answer>what-are-precautions
2. www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org>fertilizers

SELF-CHECK 3.2.3

Instructions: Read the questions carefully; choose a letter only on the
correct answers.

1. An example of hazards such viruses, parasites, fungi and bacteria are
classified on?

a. Mechanical/electrical hazards
b. Chemical hazards
c. Biological hazards

2. An example of fatigue, violence and bullying are hazards classified of?

a. Chemical hazards
b. Physical hazards
c. Biological hazards

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 46
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

3. Noise, solar radiation, light vibration, heat and cold are examples hazards
of?

a. Psychological hazards
b. Physical hazards
c. Biological hazards

4. Electrical, tools and equipment are examples of hazards of?

a. Chemical hazards
b. Mechanical hazards
c. Physical hazards

5. An example of hazards such fertilizers, pesticides are classified of?

a. Chemical hazards
b. Biological hazards
c. Physical hazards

ANSWER KEY 3.2-3

1. C
2. C

3. B
4. B
5. A

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 47
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

LO3. WATER CROPS

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Soil moisture content is determined based on the soil field capacity.
 Watering performed following the prescribed method and schedule.
 Good Agricultural Practices is observed.

CONTENTS:

 Soil and soil moisture
 Water and methods of watering
 Observed good agricultural practices

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Tools, equipment and machinery (sprayers, pail, irrigation system, etc.)
 PPE’s

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 48
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

METHDOLOGIES:

 Demonstration
 Lecture/discussion
 Field work

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

 Demonstration with oral questioning/interview
 Written exam

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME # 3: WATER CROPS

RESOURCES LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Read Information Sheet 3.3-1
Information Sheet 3.3-1
Water and Soil Moisture

Self-check 3.3-1 Read and answer Self-check 3.3-1

Task Sheet 3.3-1 Read and perform Task Sheet 3.3-1
Calculating soil Moisture

Information Sheet 3.3-2 Read Information Sheet 3.3-2
Good Agricultural Practices

Self-check 3.3-2 Read and answer Self-check 3.3-2

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 49
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112

INFORMATION SHEET 3.3-1
WATER AND SOIL MOISTURE

Objective:
After reading this information sheet the trainee’s/students must be able to
1. Know the importance of soil moisture
2. Understand the importance of water to crops
3. Perform proper watering to crops

Introduction

Water- is a colorless and odorless substance found all over Earth. Water is made
up of billions of molecules. Each molecule is made of one oxygen and two
hydrogen atoms held together by strong covalent bonds.

Water is found in three different forms on Earth – gas, solid, and liquid. The
form water takes depends on the temperature. Water on our planet flows
as liquid in rivers, streams, and oceans; is solid as ice at the North and South

Poles; and is gas (vapor) in the atmosphere. Water is also underground and
inside plants and animals. All living things need water in some form to survive on

DATE DEVELOP: DOCUMENT NO.1

AGRICULTURAL CROP JULY 24, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PRODUCTION NC II DEVELOPED BY:
TESDA-WNAS 50
CARING AND MAINTAINING ERLINDA V. FERRER REVISION # of
CROPS Instructor
112