Common Competencies UC1: Preparing construction materials and tools

COMPETENCY-BASED
LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : CONSTRUCTION
Qualification Title : CARPENTRY NC II
Unit of Competency : Prepare Construction Materials and Tools
Module Title : Preparing Construction Materials and Tools

Technical Education & Skills Development Authority
CABUGAO SCHOOL OF HANDICRAFT AND COTTAGE INDUSTRIES

Cabugao, Bato, Catanduanes

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL ...............................3
LIST OF COMMON COMPETENCIES .................................................................................4
MODULE CONTENT ............................................................................................................5
LEARNING OUTCOME 1. IDENTIFY MATERIALS ............................................................6

LEARNING EXPERIENCES...............................................................................................7
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1 Identifying Materials for Construction ............... 8
SELF-CHECK 1.1-1 ..................................................................................... 21
ANSWER KEY 1.1-1 ..................................................................................... 22

LEARNING OUTCOME 2. PREPARE REQUISITION OF MATERIALS ........................... 23
SELF-CHECK 1.2.-1 .................................................................................... 32
ANSWER KEY 1.2-1 ..................................................................................... 33

LEARNING OUTCOME 3. RECEIVE AND INSPECT MATERIALS.................................. 34
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-1 Receiving and Inspecting Materials ................. 35
SELF-CHECK 1.3-1 ..................................................................................... 39
ANSWER KEY 1.3-1 ..................................................................................... 40

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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome!

The unit of competency, “Prepare Construction Materials and Tools”, is
one of the competencies of CARPENTRY NC II, a course which comprises the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a TVET trainees to possess.

The module, Preparing Construction Materials and Tools contains
training materials and activities related to the knowledge, skills and attitudes
identifying, requesting and receiving construction (carpentry) materials and tools
in various workplace settings.

In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities
in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Operation Sheets and Task/Job Sheets.
Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not
hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.

Remember to:

 Read information sheets and complete the self-checks.

 Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident that your
outpots conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that follows the
sheets.

You need to complete this module.

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Construction Sector
List of Common Competencies

NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCY MODULE TITLE CODE

1. Prepare construction Preparing construction CON931201
materials and tools
materials and tools

Observe procedures, Observing procedures,

2. specifications and specifications and manuals of CON311201

manuals of instruction instruction

3. Perform mensuration’s Performing mensuration’s and CON311203
and calculations calculations

4. Maintain tools and Maintaining tools and CON311204
equipment equipment

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MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Prepare construction materials and tools

MODULE TITLE : Preparing construction materials and tools

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
on identifying, requesting and receiving
construction painting materials and tools in various

workplace settings.

NOMINAL DURATION : 4 hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES :

Upon completion of the module the trainees/students MUST be able to:

1. Identify materials
2. Prepare requisition of materials
3. Receive and inspect materials

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Materials are identified as per job requirements
 Quantity and description of materials conform with the job requirements
 Tools and accessories are identified according to job requirements
 Materials and tools needed are requested according to the identified

requirements
 Request is done as per company standard operating procedures (SOP)
 Substitute materials and tools are provided without sacrificing cost and

quality of work
 Materials and tools issued are inspected as per quantity and specification
 Tools, accessories and materials are checked
 Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location

METHODS OF ASSESSMENT:

 Written and Oral Examination
 Interview
 Practical Demonstration

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 1.
IDENTIFY MATERIALS

CONTENTS:

 Identifying tools according to the job requirements
 Identifying materials and accessories according to the job requirements

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Materials are identified as per job requirements
 Quantity and description of materials conform with the job requirements
 Tools and accessories are identified according to job requirements

CONDITIONS:

The trainees must be provided with the following may include:

 Electrical supplies
 Structural
 Plumbing
 Welding/pipefitting
 Carpentry
 Masonry

Training Materials

 Competency Based Learning Materials
 References

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

1 Direct observation and
2 Oral questioning

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 1. IDENTIFY MATERIALS SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. Read information sheet 1.1-1 on This module covers the knowledge,
skills and attitude in the application
Identifying Materials for of paints based on the required
performance standard.
Construction

2. Answer self-check 1.1-1 with the Read and understand the information
Compare your answer sheet and Check yourself by
Answer Key 1.1-1 answering the Self-Check. You must
answer all questions correctly before

proceeding to the next activity.

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1
Identifying Materials for Construction

Learning Objectives:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. Identify tools according to the job requirements

2. Identify materials and accessories according to the job requirements

Materials play an important role during the entire construction process.
Most common construction materials are very durable and can last indefinitely.
However, construction deficiencies or lack of proper maintenance can result in
less-than-ideal conditions under which construction material will degrade.
Degradation can take many forms, including chemical reactions, consumption by
living organisms, and erosion or mechanical wear. Traditional building materials
like steel, concrete and wood usually deteriorate and fain via well-known
mechanisms. Even innovative materials that appear on construction sites can
degrade, either by these well-understood mechanisms or through exotic,
sometimes surprising reactions and processes.

STEEL

Carbon steel, aluminum,
copper tubing and stainless steel are
all durable, strong and corrosion
resistant metals that are frequently
applied in the building industry.
Made by mixing carbon and iron
together, carbon steel is classified on
a scale of “mild” to “very high,”
depending on how much carbon is
present in the metal. These metals
form everything from door frames and
highways, to pipes and staircases.

Corrosion is the most common and expensive form of material degradation
for construction steels that occurs when iron atoms loose electrons in the
presence of oxygen and water.

The most effective and common procedure for preventing or slowing
corrosion is to prevent contact with water either by coating or by protection it
within a viable building envelope.

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CONCRETE

Concrete is a construction
material composed of cement, fine
aggregates (sand) and coarse
aggregates mixed with water which
hardens with time. Portland cement is
the commonly used type of cement for
production of concrete. Concrete
technology deals with study of
properties of concrete and its
practical applications.

In a building construction,
concrete is used for the construction of foundations, columns, beams, slabs and
other load bearing elements. There are different types of binding material is used
other than cement such as lime for lime concrete and bitumen for asphalt
concrete which is used for road construction.

The most common is not degradation of the concrete material itself, but
corrosion of the steel reinforcement. Other degradation mechanisms include
sulfate attack and alkali silica reaction (ASR) – It is a reaction which occurs over
time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and non crystalline
silica, which is found in many common aggregates and sufficient moisture.
Prevention of these degradation mechanisms at the time of construction is
typically done by designing a resistant concrete mix or protecting the concrete
from aggressive environment after the damage has progressed.

WOOD

Perhaps one of the biggest
advantages of using wood as a
building material is that it is a
natural resource, making it readily
available and economically feasible.
It is remarkably strong in relation to
its weight, and it provides good
insulation from the cold. Wood is
highly machinable, and can be
fabricated into all kinds of shapes
and sizes to fit practically any
construction need. Wood is also the
perfect example of an environmentally sustainable product; it is biodegradable and
renewable, and carries the lowest carbon footprint of any comparable building
material. In addition, no high-energy fossil fuels are required to produce wood,
unlike other common building materials such as brick, steel or plastic.

The principal degradation mechanisms for wood are biological attack,
namely decay and termites. Preventing decay is usually a matter of keeping
moisture away. The usual method for preventing subterranean termites’
infestation is to prevent access; that is, isolating wood from the ground surface
and thereby denying the termites a bridge to the structure.

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ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES,
MATERIALS AND TOOLS

Electrical

supplies include

everything from AC and

DC power supplies to

electrical connectors,

lighting fixtures and wire.

Other commonly used

electrical supplies are batteries, testers, switches, dimmers and terminals.

Electrical works will require a few tools to accomplish the job. This is a

partial list of needed tools to take care of most electrical jobs. These tools are
readily available at most building material outlet stores or electrical wholesaler.
Hopefully the descriptions will help you in selecting the proper tools for the type of

electrical projects you will encounter.

SCREWDRIVERS

` These tools are made of steel hardened and tempered at the tip used to
loosen or tighten screws with slotted heads. They come in various sizes and
shapes.

a. Standard/Flat Screw Driver - blade tip is wedge-
shaped and resembles a negative (-) sign. This is
used to drive screws with a single slot ahead.

b. Philips Screw Driver - has a cross tip resembling a
positive (+) sign. This is used to drive screws with

cross slot heads.

c. Stubby Screw Driver - comes in either Standard or
Philips screw driver with short shank or blade and a

shorted handle used to turn screws in tight space
where standard screw driver cannot be used.

d. Allen Screw Driver/Wrench - could be in the shape

of a screw driver or a wrench. Its function is to drive
screw with hexagonal slot head.

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PLIERS

`Made from metal with insulators in the handle and are used for cutting,
twisting, bending, holding, and gripping wires and cables.

a. Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers). This is used for
gripping, holding, and cutting electrical wires and cables
and even small nails. They are usually used by linemen in
doing heavy tasks.

b. Side Cutting Pliers - type of pliers is used for cutting fine,
medium and big wires and cables.

c. Long Nose Pliers - used for cutting and holding fine wires.
This can reach tight space or small opening where other
pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal loops
of copper wires

d. Wire Stripper - A tool used for removing insulation of
medium sized wires ranging from gauge #10 to gauge #16.

e. Electrician’s Knife - used by linemen to remove insulation
of wire and cables in low and high voltage transmission
lines.

HAMMERS

These are tools used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails. They
are made of hard steel, wood, plastic or rubber. The following are types of
hammer:

a. Claw Hammer- a hammer with one side of the head split and curved, used
for extracting nails.

b. Mallet (rubber head) - a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or
sometimes wood, that is smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a
relatively large head.

c. Ballpen Hammer -a hammer with a rounded end opposite the face, a type of
peening hammer used in metalworking.

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DRILLING
EQUIPMENT

is needed to make

holes in building

structure for passage

of wires and conduit in

both new and old

installation, indoor or

outdoor wiring.

Common types of

drilling tools and

equipment are:

SOLDERING TOOLS

are used in
making splices
and taps
connections of
wires.

MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENT.

The electrician uses the
following measuring tools to
measure value of voltage, current
and resistance, wire length,
opening sizes of wire, conduit and
other items.

WIRES AND CABLES

Wires are those electrical conductors with No.8 America Wire Gauge (AWG) size
no.8 mm. sq. or smaller.

Cables are larger than No. 8 AWG wires. They are either solid or stranded.

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ELECTRICAL BOXES

Boxes are made of

steel and

nonmetallic

materials(plastic).

Metal boxes are

made of #14 heavy

galvanized steel

and available in

four principal

shapes: square,

octagon,

rectangular and

circular.

FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS

They are electrical protective devices which are used to prevent short or over
circuit. They are available in different sizes and shapes. The common types are:

SWITCH
It is an electrical device which is used to turn ON and OFF the circuit.

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FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES

These are some electrical materials which are commonly used to fit wiring
devices during wiring installation. The following are some examples of these
materials:

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TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED FOR WOODWORKING

Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did the rougher work
such as construct and repair building frameworks and structure such as
stairways, doorframes, partitions, rafter-made from wood and other materials.
Here are the tools they frequently used:

A. MEASURING TOOLS

1. Pull-Push Rule - flexible tape that slides
into a material case and it is used to
measure irregular and regular shapes.

2. Ruler - 12-inch or one foot rule and it is
used to take/make simple
measurements.

3. Meter Stick - used to measure a work
piece.

4. Try Square - squaring, measuring and
testing tool used to check adjacent
surfaces for squareness.

5. Caliper - used to transfer measurements
from the rule to the work.

B. MARKING LINING TOOLS

1. Pencil - used to layout or mark cutting
lines.

2. Marking Gauge - wood or metal tool
consisting of a beam, head and a point
used to mark a line parallel to the grain
of the wood.

3. Chalk Line - used to establish a straight
line on a surface.

4. Divider - tool with two metal legs used to
lay-out an arc circle or step off division
on a line.

5. Compass - used to scribe arcs and circle
in a metal wood.

C. TESTING TOOLS

1. Try Square - tool used in squaring,
measuring and testing the squareness of
a wood.

2. Steel Square - framing square used to
mark out the work for squaring and
checking of angles and is used in the
construction of roof framing and large
furniture.

3. Spirit Level - tool used for testing
vertical and horizontal surfaces.

4. Plumb bob - tool used to test the
vertical and horizontal surfaces.

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D. EDGE CUTTING TOOLS

1. Chisel - tool used to trim and shape
wood.

2. Plane - used to obtain a smooth and flat
surface.

3. Spoke shave - small plane like tool from
irregularly shaped objects.

4. Cabinet scraper - rectangular piece of
steel with two cutting edges used for
working flat and curved shapes.

E. TOOTH-CUTTING TOOLS

1. Cross Cut Saw - handsaw used to cut
the wood across the grain.

2. Rip-saw - hand saw used to cut the
wood along the grain.

3. Back Saw - handsaw with a metal back
and plywood and joinery.

4. Compass Saw - used to cut irregular
shape either in large or small board.

5. Turning Saw - used to rip, cross and cut
curves in lumber.

6. Coping Saw - u-shaped saw used for
cutting irregular shape in small board.

7. Dovetail Saw - small back saw with a
straight chisel type handle used to cut
very fine joints.

F. BORING TOOLS

1. Auger bit - tool used to make hole in
woods.

2. Expansive bit - tool used to drill holes of
various sizes in woods.

3. Drill Bit - tool used for boring holes either in metals, woods or plastics.

G. HOLDING TOOLS

1. C-Clamp - used for holding together
pieces of lumber while working.

2. Bench Vise - used to hold any materials
or tools in place.

3. Bar Clamp - used to hold large boards
or frames together while assembling or
gluing.

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H. MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS of

1. Oil Stone - used for sharpening edge
cutting tools such as chisel.

2. Files - used to smoothen metal and
wood surfaces.

3. Paint Brush - used to apply paint or
varnish on wood surfaces

4. Nail Set - used to drive the head of nails
lower than surface of wood.

5. Saw Set - used to bend the upper half
each tooth to one side or the other to
form a set.

I. PORTABLE POWERTOOLS

1. Sander - portable power tool used for
sanding furniture pieces.

2. Router - used for shaping surfaces and
edges of furniture parts.

3. Jigsaw - power tool used primarily for
cutting curved or irregular shapes of
wood surfaces.

4. Circular saw - power saw used for
many types of cutting, particularly on
large panel stock.

5. Electric Drill - power drill which is
used to drill holes in various materials
to perform a multitude of tasks.

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TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED FOR MASONRY

Masonry is the proper assemblage of masonry units bonded together with
mortar. At the construction site numerous construction tools can be seen, each
having specific purpose. We use these tools in the construction process to
complete the particular work.

Masonry work requires tools for various purposes, i.e. for handling of
mortar, for the dressing of stone, for cutting of bricks to get required shape etc. As
it goes with traditions in existence since the days of the Ancient Indian and Egypt,
masonry deals with some common elements as crushed stones from the earth and
simple metal tools

TROWEL

The basic masonry trowel is made up of stainless steel
with a plastic/ wooden handle. The ends of trowel may be
bull nosed or pointed. This is used to lift and spread
mortar in joints during masonry construction. There are
different kinds and sizes of trowels used in masonry

work.

MASONRY SQUARE

It is used to set out right angles at the corner of masonry
wall. This is very important and basic tool used in
masonry work. This tool has “L” shape. It is made of flat
steel having each arm about 0.5 m long.

PLUMB RULE AND BOB

This basic masonry tool is used to check the verticality of
walls. It consists of a string tied to a weight at bottom
called bob and straight wood board with uniform edges
called plumb rule. On its center a groove is provided in
which plumb bob is placed. When the rule is placed
vertically with the wall, the plumb bob must be in the
groove line indicating the perfect vertical wall. If the
plumb ball does not fall on the groove line, the wall will
not be vertical.

SPIRIT LEVEL

It is used to check the horizontality and
verticality of the surfaces. Spirit level is made of
hard plastic or wood with bubble tube in the
middle. The bubble tube is partially filled with
alcohol in such a way that, an air bubble is
formed in it. The spirit level is placed on surface
of masonry wall and bubble is checked. The
surface is called leveled when the bubble in the
tube settles at middle of tube.

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LINE AND PINS

It is used to maintain the alignment of the work-
in-progress. Line and pins consist of a string
whose ends are connected with two solid metal
rods with pin points. It is used to level line and
the alignment of brick course while brick laying
in brick masonry work.

WATER LEVEL

It is used to transfer and check level. It is a
simple tool to measure the level at two different
points. It is a tool that works on the principle that
water always seeks its own level. It consists of
flexible tube with liquid, and the liquid at both
ends will be at the same level whether you’re
holding them together or spreading them a
hundred feet apart.

MASH HAMMER

A mash hammer is also known as a stone mason’s
hammer. It is used to hit and drive chisel for rough
dressing of stone. It is double-sided with two
striking faces, most often used in stone masonry
work. It should only be used to strike stones, but
can also be used for such tasks as chipping away
mortar in stone masonry. This hammer consists of
a wooden handle to which is attached a heavy
head, usually made of metal.

SPADES

They are used to mix mortar and also used to place
cement, mortar, concrete in head pan. Spade is also
used to dig the soil for foundation trenches etc. It
consists of metal plate at the end of long wooden
handle.

Common materials you will use during masonry
works are as follows:

CEMENT

is a binder, a substance used for construction that
sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them
together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to
bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together.

AGGREGATES

Is composed of sand or sometimes gravel.

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MORTAR

is a material used in masonry construction to fill the gaps
between the bricks and blocks used in construction. It is a
mixture of sand, a binder such as cement or lime, and water
and is applied as a paste which then sets hard.

GROUT

is generally a mixture of water, cement, and sand and is
employed in pressure grouting, embedding rebar in masonry
walls, connecting sections of pre-cast concrete, filling voids,
and sealing joints such as those between tiles.

REINFORCEMENT STEEL BARS embedded

Reinforce steel bars are added and
throughout masonry to increase its strength.

References:
https://continentalsteel.com/blog/common-metals-in-the-construction-industry/
https://theconstructor.org/category/concrete/
http://www.understandconstruction.com/wood
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/
https://gharpedia.com/blog/40-masonry-tools-used-in-masonry-work-of-your-
home/
https://www.sustainableconcrete.org.uk/Sustainable-Concrete/What-is-
Concrete/Mortar

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SELF-CHECK 1.1-1

IDENTIFICATION:
Identify what is being referred by the following sentence. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

1.

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 2.
PREPARE REQUISITION OF MATERIALS

CONTENTS:
 Identifying tools according to the job requirements
 Identifying materials and accessories according to the job requirements

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 Materials are identified as per job requirements
 Quantity and description of materials conform with the job requirements
 Tools and accessories are identified according to job requirements

CONDITIONS:
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

 Direct observation and
 Oral questioning

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1
Requisition Materials

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU must be able to:

1. Prepare material take-off; AND
2. Request materials and tools.

A materials requisition form is a source document that the production
department uses to request materials for manufacturing process. The production
manager usually fills out the materials requisition form and delivers it to the
materials or storage department where all of the raw materials are stored. Once
the materials manager signs off on the request, the raw materials are moved from
storage and placed on the production floor.

A typical materials requisition form has the job number, date of request,
material description, quantity, and proper management signatures. Depending on
the size of the company, request forms are filled out weekly, daily, or even hourly.

Sample Requisition Slip Form

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The materials requisition form has two main purposes. First, it’s used to record
the movement of materials throughout the manufacturing process. When the
company orders goods, they are delivered to the storage facility and the
appropriate forms are filled out. This gives an audit trail that show when goods
were purchased and when they were delivered. When the production floor needs
more materials, it requests them from storage with the materials requisition form.
This, again, adds a paper trail to show when the goods were moved from storage to
manufacturing. These documents can also help managers determine when to
order more materials. For example, if they see that goods are sitting in storage for
months before making it into production, they will probably stop ordering those
materials so often.

Second, the requisition form is used to allocate production costs to goods in
process. Not all inventories in process will be finished in the current year. In other
words, there will always be some goods in the production process. The requisition
forms can help allocate costs and values to these materials.

Once the goods are transferred from storage to production the raw materials
account is credited and the goods in process inventory account is debited.

Requisition Procedure

Properly completed Requisition Form is an important step in efficiently securing
your order; otherwise expect delays in the processing and approval of your
requisition. The requisitioning process is done by an authorized person.

1. Accomplish the slip with the required data.
2. Have it approved or signed by your supply officer or immediate supervisor.
3. Forward the slip to the section unit officer in charge of purchases,

procurement, or preparation and release of requisitioned items.

PREPARING MATERIAL TAKE OFF

Before a vendor can bid for or begin a construction project, they have to know
the types and quantities of the various materials required to complete it. This is to
ensure a proper estimate of the costs and material requirements, and also to
provide an indication of the labor costs associated with the installation or
construction of the materials. This process is known as material take off (MTO),
construction takeoff, or simply as takeoff. It’s an essential part of a project
estimation process.

For smaller projects, experienced builders should be able to compile a material
estimate in their head, but a more complete process is necessary for major
projects. One must approach the task methodically to achieve the most accurate
estimate possible. In addition to providing a highly accurate estimate of the costs
and materials for yourself and your client, the MTO sheet helps the job run
smoother because all the people working on the project have what they need.

After listing the building materials, the MTO needs to specify the type of
material, such as the type of electrical cable or specific grades of steel.

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The material takeoff document must have a list of all the materials required to
complete the project, no matter what it is. This does not include any assets, such
as equipment and tools that will also be required to complete the job but should
include any and all raw and prefabricated tools, such as timber, sand, concrete,
bricks, electrical cables, light fixtures, and plumbing pipes.

KEY TYPES OF MEASUREMENT REQUIRED IN
TAKEOFFS FOR MOST PROJECTS

Count

You must count everything required for individual items from the studs
required to complete the project to the number of light fixtures and faucets.

Length

Certain items, such as pipes and cables, are measured by length. You’ll also
need to know other dimensions, like diameter, but the information will be with the
type of material that’s required. You’ll need to know how many of each length
you’ll require, and you’ll need to allot extra length for elements such as switches,
panels, and receptacles when it comes to electrical cable.

Area

Certain elements, such as flooring or the amount of paint you need will require
the surface area measurement.

Volume

Measurements of volume will be required for certain materials, such as the
amount of concrete required to lay the foundation, or the asphalt per yard to pour
the parking lot outside the building.

THE TAKEOFF PROCESS

The exact details of the process will vary depending on a variety of factors,

including the software you’re using, the type of job, the scale of the job, and your
specialization as a mechanical, electrical, and plumbing engineering (MEP)
estimator. While there will be slight differences in drawings and specifications, the

general process remains the same regardless.

1. Count the Symbols

You must count the symbols to determine the number of components needed to
complete the job. The drawings and blueprints you’re working from will use
standardized symbols to identify various elements such as switches, receptacles,

and fixtures. Familiarize yourself with the symbols and what they mean. Non-
standard components are generally identified with a key that’s included with the

drawings.

Count each type of component individually. If you’re doing this manually, you
can use a tally counter that you click to add a unit. Though it helps to ensure

accuracy, it can be time-consuming and tedious. You’ll need to mark the symbols
somehow to indicate that you’ve counted it, so you don’t count it again. As you

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complete the count for a component, enter the quantity on the working scope
sheet, and repeat until you’ll worked through all pages of the blueprint and all the
symbols. Then, add the totals for all the different components.

2. Measure the Circuits

You must also measure the circuits shown in the drawings. Before you begin,
check the scale used for all the pages you measure. The scale dimensions are
usually listed in the title of the drawing, but the scale may vary from page to page.

If you’re not working from original blueprints, they may have been copied at a
reduced size, so you must make sure the scale is accurate. If you doubt the
information in front of you, it’s best to contact the designers or architect to be
sure.

You’ll want to have an architectural rule, mechanical and electronic measuring
wheels, and scaled measuring tapes available. You can use the ruler and
measuring tapes for quick measurements in small dimensions but using the
measuring wheel is both accurate and convenient.

Measure the branch circuit for each component in the drawing and allow and
add in drops at each of the switches. Some wheel devices allow you to program a
set distance for drops and then press a key to add the distance. If the drops are
standardized, this works, but if they are different sizes, you’ll need to reset it each
time.

It’s possible there will be different circuits (two, three, or four-wire) on the same
drawing. Trace each circuit with a colored pen after you’ve finished measuring and
use the same color for the same type of circuit – such as red for two wire, green for
three wire, and blue for four wires.

3. Calculate the Takeoff

Using the counts and measurements you came up with in the two previous
steps, you can produce your takeoff figure. You should build in a small cushion
for price fluctuations, and with this you can provide a fairly accurate cost of the
materials involved in any given construction or engineering project. If you have the
right time and motion data, you can also estimate the scale of the job to project
labor costs and other expenses associated with the project.

The MTO is used to create the bill of materials (BOM) which is then used to
requisition and procure the necessary materials to complete the job once the
contract is awarded.

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Sample Material Take-off

ISSUE OF MATERIALS: REQUISITION SLIP AND BILL OF MATERIALS

The storekeeper must not issue stores or materials unless a properly
authorized Requisition Slip or Material Requisition. (A document which authorizes
and records the issue of materials for use) is presented below. Generally, it is
signed by the foreman but in case of important materials higher authority would
probably be necessary.

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Since a large number of people will be authorizing the issue of materials, it is
not advisable that the number should be already printed. The storekeeper should
number the Materials Requisitions as and when he receives them. Quantity,
description of materials and the symbols will be already entered and he should
issue the materials, if they are available and are not reserved for some other job,
against signature of the receiver. To minimize damage, it is essential that issues
should be made out of the earliest consignment on hand.

If later receipts are issued out first, there is the possibility that earlier receipts
may lie for a long time and may get damaged due to rust, dirt or moisture, etc. On
issue he should sign the Requisition Slip himself and on the basis of it enter the
‘issue’ column of the Bin Card. At and end of the day or the next morning, he
should send all the requisition slips to the stores ledger section where the columns
for amounts will be filled.

Bill of Materials:

A complete list of all materials and stores required for a job, complete with
quantities, is known as Bill of Materials. When the work is of non-standardized
nature is in a jobbing factory, control over use of materials can be exercised only
by preparing a Bill of Materials, before the job is undertaken.

This will also serve as intent upon the supply or purchase department, if
materials are to be purchased and as a reservation order upon the Storekeeper.
Wastage can be easily unearthed if only the exact quantity as laid down by Bill of
materials is issued.

Following is the format of Bill of Material:

Four copies of Bill of Materials is prepared which are sent to production, stores,
Cost Accounting Dep’t. and one is retained by the Planning Department. Bill of
Material provides an advance information to all concerned regarding orders to be
executed. It enables the stores department to issue purchase requisition. It helps
Cost Accounting Dep’t. to prepare Material Cost Budget. It provides a controlling
technique through comparing actual materials used with the quantity as specified
in Bill of Material.

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BORROWER’S SLIP

This form is used for borrowing materials, tools, equipment. Its use promotes
proper monitoring of inventories. It has numerous purposes and outweighs
disadvantages. This form is devised according to the need of the office or
accountable officer.

Sample Borrower’s Slip

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

Standard operation procedures (SOPs) document the steps of key processes to
help ensure consistent and quality output. Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
are written instructions intended to document how to perform a routine activity.
Many companies rely on standard operating procedures to help ensure
consistency and quality in their products. It is also useful tools to communicate
important corporate policies, government regulations and best practices.

References:

https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/accounting-dictionary/materials-
requisition

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/cost-accounting/materials/issue-of-
materials-requisition-slip-and-bill-of-materials-with-specimen

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SELF-CHECK 1.2.-1

Multiple Choices:

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which contains information about certain services required for performance?

A. borrower‟s slip C. requisition slip

B. job order D. borrower and job slips

2. Which specifies a demand for materials, supplies, or tools?

A. borrower‟s slip C. requisition slip

B. job order D. borrower and job slips

3. It contains an accepted form of request for tools, materials, and equipment on due time?

A. borrower‟s slip C. requisition slip

B. job order D. borrower and job slips

4. Normally, how many signatories are there in the Requisition Slip?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

5. What happens when any of the slips lack the necessary data?

A. There is delay in processing. C. Misunderstanding occurs

B. Promptness of approval is at stake D. all of the above

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ANSWER KEY 1.2-1

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. D

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME 3.
RECEIVE AND INSPECT MATERIALS

CONTENTS:
 Policy on receiving material deliveries
 Material and tools quality and defects
 Material handling

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 Materials and tools issued are inspected as per quantity and specification
 Tools, accessories and materials are checked
 Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Direct observation and
 Oral questioning

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-1
Receiving and Inspecting Materials

Learning Objectives:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Check and inspect received/delivered materials and tools
2. Store and stack tool and materials
Effective material management is very essential in many ways for the company
or office: First, it provides the best service to the clientele; second, it maximizes
efficiency; and, third, it helps in monitoring and managing inventories.

RECEIVING PROCEDURE

Procedure for receiving requisitions varies in every office, school, and shop.
Offices make it a point that everything is in the proper order and perspective to
ensure effectiveness and efficiency. However, it is a must that everybody in the
company especially the concerned employees are well-acquainted of the process to
avoid or at least minimize waste of resources which is very significant to the
company’s success.

Receiving Procedure Flow Chart

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QUALITY INSPECTION AND PROCEDURE

Delivered or issued items should be properly inspected for accuracy in terms of
quality, specifications, quantity, and functionality or workability. The act which
involves monitoring, observing or testing, usually involving product sampling, to
insure compliance with the requirements is known as quality inspection. It
includes activities such as collecting data from the item or items to ensure quality
and preciseness.

It is important to inspect and check materials and tools for defects and damage
before receiving them so that you can ask for replacements for those that you
found defective.

1. Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and
specification (number of pieces, length, width, etc.)

2. Check the physical condition of tools, (check tools against the
specification, quantity, and quality,) see to it that parts are complete,
cutting edges or tooth free from damages,

3. Check the accessories of each material and tool. See to it that nothing is
missing. If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective,
report it immediately to the supply officer.

4. Get a replacement for the materials and tools found defective. Sign the
requisition form as you receive materials and tools.

5. Store the received materials and tools in a safe area or store room
nearest your workplace. (store materials, in proper order, bulky and
heavier materials at the bottom lighter and smaller items on top of the
pile)

6. Always handle the materials and tools carefully. (avoid dropping the
tools on the floor, do not expose tools and materials on sunlight or rains).

Once quality inspection has been done, the receiver signs a paper or form to
attest to the completeness and compliance with the requisition; otherwise, he is

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obliged to make a report of his inspection findings to persons or authorities
concerned for appropriate action.

MATERIALS HANDLING

Materials handling operations are carried out in most construction site. Each
handling task poses unique demands on the worker. However, work places can
help workers to perform these tasks safely and easily by implementing and

upholding proper policies and procedures. For Industrial plants, regulations under
Industrial Establishments (O. Reg. 851/90) made under the Occupational Health

and Safety Act should be properly observed.

Hazards.

To assess the hazards of manual material handling operations, consider the
load, the task, the environment in which the task is performed, and the operator.

When these factors interact with each other, they can create hazards that
result in injuries. A load may be hazardous because of:

a. Weight
b. Size

c. shape (making it awkward to handle)
d. coupling (type of grip on the load)
e. slippery or damaged surfaces

f. absent or inappropriate handles, and
g. imbalance (i.e., changing centre of gravity)

The task or method of handling may be hazardous
when it involves:

a. lifting or lowering

 repetitively
 quickly

 for extended periods of time

 while seated or kneeling
 immediately after prolonged flexion

 shortly after a period of rest
b. an inability to get close to the load
c. moving the load over large distances

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d. accuracy and precision required because of
 fragile loads, or
 specific unloading locations
e. materials positioned too low or too high
f. hazardous movements or postures (e.g. twisting, extended bending and

reaching)
g. multiple handling requirements (e.g., lifting, carrying, unloading)

Control Measures.

The best control measure is to eliminate the
need for workers to perform manual handling
tasks. Since this is not always possible, design
manual handling tasks so that they are within
the workers‟ capabilities. Considerations
include the load itself, the design of the
workstation and work practices. Providing
mechanical handling devices or aids can often
eliminate the task itself or ease the demands
on the worker.

Training.

Traditional training has focused on proper lifting methods and safe work
procedures. More recently, workplaces have introduced fitness and back education
approaches. In combination with job and workplace design changes, these
approaches are effective in preventing accidents and injuries. On the job
demonstrations and practice sessions are the best methods of training. Cover
basic manual materials handling procedures, and the proper use of mechanical
aids and techniques. Regularly reinforce the proper techniques to ensure their
continued use.

The objectives of material handling training are to teach the worker:

1. How to identify hazardous loads or handling tasks
2. The proper selection and use of mechanical handling aids
3. Safe postures and manual lifting techniques to minimize strain
4. Safe lifting techniques

Proper posture of lifting heavy object

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SELF-CHECK 1.3-1

Multiple Choices:

Read and understand the question carefully. Select the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the importance of material management?

a. It provides the best service to the clientele.
b. It maximizes efficiency.
c. It helps in monitoring and managing inventories.
d. All of the above.

2. What happens when the employees are not informed of the Receiving
Procedure?

a. Productivity and efficiency of the company’s employees are affected.
b. Wastage of resources is evident.
c. Misunderstanding among and between employees occurs.
d. All of the above

3. Which ensures correctness of deliveries or performance of services?

a. Requisition procedure
b. Receiving procedure
c. Inspection procedure
d. Handling Procedure

4. Which procedure that generally finds out inconsistency in the required
specifications of materials, tools, and equipment?

a. Requisition procedure
b. Receiving procedure
c. Inspection procedure
d. Handling procedure

5. Which shows proper carrying and safekeeping of items?

a. Requisition procedure
b. Receiving Procedure
c. Inspection procedure

d. Handling procedure

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ANSWER KEY 1.3-1

1. D
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D

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