UC 1-Core-Performing nursery operations

LEAF
(CACTUS/MAYANA)

BULBILL
(GARLIC)

Reference:
1. www.fao.org>
2. Plant propagation by Asuncion

SELF-CHECK 1.3-1

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 51
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

FILLING THE BLANK: Fill in the blank with the correct word/words to
complete the statement. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided for.

3. _____________refers to the type of material used to establish a field or
replace a certain plant

4. What is the planting material for banana?
5. They furnish the young plants with food until its root and leaves have

grown big enough to make for the plants the food it needs.
6. The lower part of the hypocotyl which later develops into the primary roots
5. The planting material for pineapple is _____________
6. ___________is a small scar, usually black or white found at the middle of

most seeds like beans and seeds of leguminous plants. It is the part where
the wall of the ovary in flower attached.

ANSWER KEY 1.3-1

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 52
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

1. Planting material

2. Sucker/corms
3. Cotyledons

4. Radicle
5. Crown/slip
6. Hilum

INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-2

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 53
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITY SEEDS/SEED TESTING

Objective:
At the end of this information sheet the students/trainees must be able to:
1. Identify characteristics of quality seeds
2. Perform seed testing

Introduction

Seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in covering called the seed coat,
usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of
gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some
growth within the mother plant.

All seed plants share two characteristics. They have vascular tissue and
use seeds to reproduce. In addition, they all have body plans that include
leaves, stems, and roots. Seed plants face many challenges, including standing
upright and supplying all their cells with water and food

Seeds are of immense biological and economic importance. They contain high
protein, starch and oil reserves that help in the early stages of growth and
development in a plant.

Good quality seeds basically mean the most competent seeds, which will
definitely give rise to a healthy plant, which would bear more healthy seeds.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS

1. Higher genetically purity
2. Higher physical purity for certification
3. Possession of good shape, size, color, etc. according to specifications

of variety
4. Higher physical soundness and weight
5. Higher germination (90% to 95% depending on the crop)
6. Higher physiological vigor and stamina

TYPES OF SEED PLANTS
1. Gymnosperms –seeds in cones
2. Angiosperm- seeds in ovaries of the flower

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 54
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF A SEED

● Trueness to variety
● The presence of inert matter
● Seed of other crops or weed seed
● Germination percentage
● Vigor
● Appearance
● Freedom from disease
⮚ High- quality seed lots should meet minimum standards for each of

these characteristics
Selection of seeds are very important because seeds are responsible for the
growth of a new plant. Seed must be good so it will grow into a plant otherwise
we will not get the result. We must select good and healthy seeds.

SELECTION OF QUALITY SEEDS

GOOD SEEDS DAMAGED SEEDS

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 55
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

FREE FROMSEED-BORNE DISEASES
FREE FROM MIXTURES FROM OTHER VARIETIES

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 56
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

GOOD VIGOR AND GERMINATION CAPACITY

SEED TESTING is performed for a number of reasons, including research
purposes or to determine if seed storage techniques are functioning.

Seed testing is required to assess the see quality attributes of the seed-lots
which have to be offered for sale. These quality attributes are seed moisture
content, germination and vigor, physical and genetic purity, freedom from seed-
borne diseases and insect infestation.

OBJECTIVES OF SEED TESTING

1. To determine their quality, that is, their suitability for planting

2. To identify seed quality problem and their probable cause

3. To determine the need for drying and processing and specific procedures
that should be used

4. To determine if seed meets established quality standards or labelling
specifications

TYPES OF TEST

A. Germination test

B. Viability tests

Steps for viability tests

1. Preconditioning (imbibition)

2. Preparation and staining

3. Evaluation (examining the seed for a color change in the
embryo)

C. Purity test

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 57
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

D. Weed test

Reference:
1. vikaspedia.in.agriculture>agri-inputs>seeds
2. flexbooks.ck.org>cbook>section>primary>lesson
3. Plant Propagation by Asuncion

SELF-CHECK 1.3-2

MATCHING TYPE: Match Column A with Column B, write the letter of your
answer on the answer sheet provided for.

Column A Column B

1. Seed testing a. germination percentage
2. Gymnosperms b. small embryonic plant

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 58
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

3. Seed c. good quality seeds
4. Genetically pure d. seeds in cones
5. Angiosperms e. moisture content, germination
f. seeds in ovaries of flower

ANSWER KEY 1.3-2

1. E
2. D

3. B
4. C

5. F

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 59
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

JOB SHEET 1.3-2

Title : TEST SEEDS

Performance Objectives:
Given a certain time, you should be able to perform seed testing

using a certain method of testing seeds

Materials /Supplies : seeds (cacao/different fruit trees/vegetables )

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 60
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Tools/Equipment : pail, basin petri dish

Steps / Procedures:
1. Withdraw all the needed materials and tools for the activity as per
instructions given to you.
2. Identify the seeds to be tested
3. Select method of seed testing to be used
4. Perform the activity according to standards
5. Take an evidence of the activity and keep for final recording.
6. Apply 5’s to the tools/equipment after the activity.

Assessment Method:
Demonstration with questioning

Trainer’s Name_________________________ Date: ___________

Performance Criteria Checklists 1.3-2

Criteria YES NO
1. Prepare all the needed materials and tools for the

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 61
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

activity

2. Check and identify the seeds use in testing seeds

3. Select and use method of seed testing as per
instruiction given by the trainer/supervisor

4. Perform the seed testing according to standard

5. Record and take an evidence for final checking and
recording

6. Implement 5’s after the activity.

Comments / Suggestions:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Trainer’s Name: _______________________ Date: ________________

LO4: PREPARE GROWING MEDIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

● Prepared growing media according to prescribed mixture and crop
requirements

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 62
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

● Placed growing media in a prescribed container
● Arranged and labelled growing media according to varieties/species

CONTENTS:

● Components of growing media
● Sterilize growing media
● Materials, tools in preparing growing media
● PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
● Materials, tools, farm implement and simple equipment
● Personal protective equipment

METHODOLOGIES:

● Individual self-paced learning
● Lecture

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

● Written examination
● Interview
● Practical application (demonstration)
● Direct observation

LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Read Information Sheet 1.4-1
Information Sheet 1.4-1
Preparation of Growing /Rooting Media Read and answer Self-check 1.4-1

Self-check 1.4-1

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 63
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Job Sheet 1.4-1 Read and Perform Job Sheet 1.4-1
Prepare Growing/ Rooting media

INFORMATION SHEET 1.4-1
PREPARATION OF ROOTING/GROWING MEDIA

Objective:
At the end of this information sheet the students/trainees must be able to:

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 64
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

1. Prepare rooting/growing media correctly.
2. Know the component of rooting/growing media

Introduction

Growing media are materials that plants grow in. Growing media is specifically
designed to support plant growth and can either be a solid or a liquid. ...
Different types of growing media are used to cultivate various plants. Growing
media may also be known as grow media, culture medium, or substrate.

Growing media are materials that pants grow in and are specifically designed to
support plant growth and can either be a solid or a liquid. Different types of
growing media are used to cultivate various plants.

Basic Characteristics of Media is the physical and chemical characteristics that
should be considered for media are: drainage, aeration, water-holding capacity,
available water, weight (bulk density), cation exchange capacity, reaction (pH),
soluble salts, and need for special treatment

COMPONENTS OF GROWING MEDIA

1. Organic- organic components include peat moss, bark, coconut coir,
rice hulls, and saw dusts.

⮚ Bark can vary greatly depending in its source and structure
depending on how it is processed, aged, composted and screened.
This is also true for peat moss.

2. Inorganic

COMMON TYPE OF GROWING MEDIA

1. Coconut Fiber –is rapidly becoming one of the most popular growing
mediums in the world.

2. Perlite

3. Vermiculite is a mined material

4. Soilless and soil mix

5. Sand

6. Sphagnum moss

7. Fiber glass insulation

8. Air

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 65
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GROWING MEDIA

● Well drained, which means an air-filled porosity of at least 15%

● Re-wets easily – some peat and bark media are difficult to re-wet if they
dry out

● Does not shrink away from the side of the pot as it dries.

● It must possess sufficient moisture retaining capacity

● It must be free from weed seeds, nematodes and pathogens.

● It must be sufficiently porous to permit excess water to drain away and
to admit proper aeration

MAIN FUNCTION OF GROWING MEDIA

1. Supply roots with nutrients, air, and water

2. Allow maximum root growth

3. Physically support the plant

Soil Mixture

This is the most commonly employed medium for pot plants. It usually consists
of garden soil, decomposed animal manure or vermi cast, any of the following;
saw dust, coir dust, rice hulls and fine sand sand and also charcoal in some
cases.
Soil mixture should follow the 1:1:1 ratio which means

● 1 part garden soil
● 1 part animal manure/vermi cast

● 1 part any of the following (saw dust, coir dust or coco pit, rice hulls ,
fine sand

MIXTURE OF SOIL GROWING/ROOTING MEDIA

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 66
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

1:1:1 ratio when using ordinary soil and 1:2:1 ration when using clay soil
Soil Sterilization – is the process of eradicating or killing the microorganisms
present in the soil.
Importance of Soil Sterilization

1. The depth of these microorganisms due to sterilization helps to release
certain nutrient to the plant such as nitrate increases plant growth.

2. Soil sterilization reduces the population of micro-organisms that is
harmful to crop plant. It helps to control disease outbreak in the soil.

Methods of Soil Sterilization
1. Heat method

● Boiling water method
● Baking method
● Drying under the sun method
● Burning method
2. Chemical method –is done by mixing an insecticide plus fungicides and
applied by spraying into the soil mixture

Reference:
1. www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>freepubs>pdf>GHGS-10
2. www.maximumyield.com.definitio>growing-media

SELF-CHECK 1.4-1

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 67
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

MATCHING TYPE: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your
answer on the answer sheet provided for.

Column A Column B
1. Growing media a. applied by spraying/sprinkler can
2. Organic components b. drying under the sun
3. Vermecullite c. mined mineral
4. Soil sterilization d. eradicating/killing microorganisms
5. Heat method e.supports plant growth
6. Chemical method f. peat moss, coco coir, rice hulls, saw dusts

ANSWER KEY 1.4-1

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 68
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

1. E
2. F
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. A

JOB SHEET 1.4-1

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 69
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Title : PREPARE GROWING/ROOTING MEDIA

Performance Objectives:
Given a certain time, you should be able to perform preparation of

growing/rooting media as per instruction given by the trainer/supervisor.

Materials /Supplies : garden soil, coco coir, saw dust, compost, animal
manure

Tools/Equipment : wheel borrow, shovel, spade, knapsack sprayer,
sprinkler can

Steps / Procedures:
1. Withdraw all the needed tools and for the activity as per instructions
given to you.
2. Check the materials for the preparation of growing/rooting media
3. Measure the required amount of the components according to the
correct ration and proportion.
4. Mix the mixture very well.
5. Check the texture of the mixture.
7. Implement 5’s

Assessment Method:
Demonstration with questioning

Trainee’s Name_________________________ Date: ___________

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 70
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Performance Criteria Checklists 1.4-1

Criteria YES NO

1. Prepare all the needed materials and tools for the
activity

2. Check the materials for the preparation of
growing/rooting media

3. Measure the required amount of the components
according to the correct ration and proportion.

4. Perform growing/rooting media preparation

5. Mix the mixture very well

6. Sterilize the mixture using chemical method

8. Implement 5’s after the activity.

Comments / Suggestions:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Trainer’s Name: _______________________ Date:________________

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 71
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

LEARNING OUTCOME 5: CONDUCT PROPAGATION ACTIVITIES

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

● Set-up nursery shed according to plant requirement
● Selected quality seedlings based on prescribed characteristics
● Selected propagation materials according to propagation activity
● Performed plant propagation techniques based on recommended

practices
● Performed pricking and thinning based on recommended practices

CONTENTS

● Types of nursery
● Characteristics of good quality seedlings
● Plant propagation techniques
● Pricking and thinning

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
● Materials, tools, farm implement and simple equipment
● Personal protective equipment

METHODOLOGIES:

● Individual self-paced learning
● Lecture

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

● Written examination
● Interview
● Practical application (demonstration)
● Direct observation

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 72
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Information Sheet 1.5-1 Read Information Sheet 1.5-1
Types of Nursery Read and answer Self-check 1.5-1
Self-check 1.5-1 Read Information Sheet 1.5-2

Information Sheet 1.5-2 Read and answer Self-check 1.5-2
Characteristics of a Good seedlings Read and perform Job Sheet 1.5-2

Self-check 1.5-2 Read Information Sheet 1.5-3

Job Sheet 1.5-2 Read and answer Self-check 1.5-3
Prick Seedlings Read and Perform Job Sheet 1.5-3

Information Sheet 1.5-3
Plant Propagation Techniques

Self-check 1.5-3

Job Sheet1.5-3
Artificial Plant Propagation

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 73
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

INFORMATION SHEET 1.5-1
TYPES OF NURSERY

Objectives:
At the end of this information sheet the students/trainees must be able to:
1. Identify different types of nursery according to plant requirement
2. Construct nursery shed according to crop requirement.

Introduction:

NURSERY – is an area or space where desirable varieties or strains of fruit
trees, vegetables, ornamentals and flowering plants are cared before
transplanting in the area where they stand permanently or for sale. It is a place
where seedlings, cuttings and grafts are raised with care before transplanting.

NURSERY WORK - is concerned with the propagation of certain varieties of
plants possessing desired characteristics under suitable environmental factors
which have to be well understood besides acquiring theoretical and practical
know-how as well as scientific understanding about nursery products, pests
and diseases before going into operation.

It is also a vocation and a source of income for people involve in such kind of
work. It prepares a ready supply of good quality seedlings for planting,
propagate desired variety of plants and collect rare plants that command high
market value.

Advantage of Raising Seedlings in Nursery
1. It is very convenient to look after the tender seedling
2. It is easy to protect the seedlings from pests and diseases
3. Economy of land usage (duration in the main field is reduced)
4. Valuable and very small seeds can be raised effectively without any
wastage
5. Uniform crop stand in the main field can be maintained by selecting
healthy, uniform and vigorous seedlings in the nursery itself

CLASSIFICATION OF NURSERY:

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 74
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

1. Educational Nursery – is usually found in schools, colleges and
universities offering agricultural courses. It is a small area, the
management and supervision is run by the school. It is established to
provide plants for scientific studies and to some extent for exchange and
distribution to the community.

2. Factors to consider in establishing a school nursery:
● Selection of crop to use for training.
● Selection of site of the nursery.

a. Commercial Nursery – usually runs by associations. It is generally found
in big cities. The main objective is to realize profit by selling propagated
plants. It should be located in a place that can be easily visited and
reached, so that people who are interested in plants may be served. The
area is large enough.

TYPES OF NURSERY:
1. Ornamental crop nursery – it involves the raising of aerial plants,
flowering pot plants, and foliage and landscape plants.
2. Fruit crop nursery – is the raising of different fruit tree seedlings /
saplings.
3. Plantation crop nursery – the raising of plantation crops.
4. Silviculture nursery – the raising of forest tree seedlings.
5. Bamboo nursery – the raising of bamboo seedlings.
6. Rattan nursery – the raising of rattan seedlings.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SELECTING A SUITABLE NURSERY SITE
1. Climatic requirement of the crop – it refers to the temperature, rainfall,
light and wind. The climate in the place where you intend to establish
your nursery should match the climatic requirements of the plants /
crops that you intend to grow.
2. Soil – it refers to the type, drainage, fertility and pH.
3. Topography – the contour of the land / elevation. It also determines the
ease of transporting nursery implements / inputs produce and the
surface drainage condition.
4. Accessibility – the site should be serviced by good roads for ease of
transport and accessible to potential customers.
5. Water supply – the site of the nursery should have a good source of water
for irrigation and spraying.
6. Facilities / amenities – this refers to the tools and stock room for nursery
supplies.
7. Socio-economic consideration

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 75
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Socio-economic factors:
● Peace and order situation
● Prevalence of malaria and other infectious diseases.
● Price of the land
● Cost and availability of labor.

LOCATION OF THE NURSERY SITE
An ideal nursery should have the following features:
● Accessible to prospective clienteles
● Excellent drainage system
● Near abundance supply of water, soil for potting / bagging and other
inputs.
● Free from astray animals
● Good provision for expansion
● Near scion grove

NURSERY OPERATIONS AND PRACTICES
● Seed Treatments
● Seed Raising
● Cuttings and Layering
● Record Keeping and Labelling
● Preparing to pot up seedlings
● Care and removal of Seedlings/Cuttings
● Potting-on or Transplanting
● Care of Seedlings
● Integrated Pest Management
● Quality Control
● Composting materials
● Dispatching Orders
● Storing and Stockpiling materials
● Nursery Hygiene

COLLECTING AND SECURING SEEDS

Seeds are collected from the gardens by selecting a few healthy and vigorous plants that can be
produce good, viable seeds which must be saved for further used.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 76
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

SOURCES OF SEEDS
1. Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)
2. Department of Agriculture (DA)

3. Agricultural Supply Store
4. Supermarkets
5. Grocery Stores Selling Vegetables and other Crops

Note
⮚ In selecting/securing seeds should have the technical know-how in

treating seeds for good results

Reference:
1. www.farmpractices.com>types-of-nursery-in-agriculture

2. Plant Propagation by Asuncion

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 77
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

SELF-CHECK 1.5-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your answer and write it on the
answer sheet provided for

1. It is a place where seedlings, cuttings and grafts are raised with care before

transplanting

a. Nursery work c. nursery

b. Nursery hygiene d. all of these

2. It is established to provide plants for scientific studies and to some extent

for exchange and distribution to the community.

a. Agricultural nursery c. educational nursery

b. Commercial nursery d. industrial nursery

3. It involves the raising of aerial plants, flowering pot plants and foliage and

landscape plants

a. Silviculture nursery c. fruit crop nursery

b. Plantation nursery d. ornamental nursery

4. This refer to the tools and stockroom for nursery supplies

a. Facilities/amenities c. storage room

b. Tool room d. topography

5. Which of the following is a characteristics of a good nursery site

a. Abundance supply of water c. excellent drainage

b. Near scion grove d. all of these

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 78
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

ANSWER KEY 1.5-1

1. C
2. C

3. D
4. A

5. d

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 79
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

INFORMATION SHEET 1.5-2

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD SEEDLINGS

Objectives:
After reading this information sheet the students/trainees must be able to:
1. Select and identify good quality seedlings for planting
2. Produce quality seedlings

Introduction
They have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce. In addition, they all
have body plans that include leaves, stems, and roots. Most seed plants live on
land. Seed plants face many challenges, including standing upright and
supplying all their cells with water and food.

Seed vigor determines the level of performance of seed or seed lot during
germination and seedling emergence. Seed which perform well at sowing are
termed as quality seed and based on the degree of performance in production
of elite seedling it is classified as high, medium and low vigor seed.

What is Quality Seedling?
Seed quality describes the potential performance of a seed lot.

● Trueness to variety
● The presence of inert matter
● Seed of other crops or weed seeds
● Germination percentage
● Vigor
● Appearance
● Freedom from disease

What is Seedling?
⮚ A seedling is a young plant sporophyte developing out of a plant
embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination
of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of a main part

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 80
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Main Part of Seedlings
1. Radicle (embryonic root)
2. Hypocotyl (embryonic shoot)
3. Cotyledons (seed leaves)

SOWING THE SEEDS
● Sowing seed is not an easy task for every nursery man, as it requires
the application of technical know-how in agricultural work. The
individual performing the job must know the right time of sowing seeds
and whether to use the direct and indirect seeding.
● The seeds should be sown in the seedbed. They are sown about 2 cm.
apart at a depth of 1 cm. the borders of the seedbed should be treated
with insecticide to prevent the entry of ants

METHODS OF SOWING SEEDS
1. Broadcast method – done by broadcasting or spreading the seeds.
2. Furrow method – is done by placing the seeds on the furrow
3. Hill method – the seeds are sown by hill.
Note:
The depth of sowing depends upon the size and growth requirements

suited for transplanting.

Sowing and Seedling Production

Direct Seeding Indirect Seeding

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 81
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

PRINCIPLES TO FOLLOW IN SOWING SEEDS:
● Select seeds for sowing – good quality should be used
● Seeds must have uniformity in size and shape
● Seeds must be fully mature
● Seeds must be free from pests and diseases
● Seeds which are adulterated with weeds should not be used
● Practice seed treatment – seeds must be treated against fungus
infection before sowing.
● Seeds sown in seed box must be of equal distances – it is done to
develop uniform quality among seedlings
● Cover seeds with covering media

ROW SEEDING - is usually preferable to broadcasting because it permits
better air circulation and makes it easier to remove seedlings later.

WHEN SEEDLINGS ARE OVERSOWN IN THE SEEDBOX OR
SEEDLING TRAY DO THE PRICKING OR THINNING TO AVOID

OVERCROWDING OF SEEDLINGS

The general rule of thumb is that when a seedling has three to four true leaves,
it's large enough to plant out in the garden (after it has been hardened off)

Pricking Out: Is the time to give the seedlings more
room for their growth and development. This is done
when the seedlings have two or more sets of leaves
and large enough to handle them.

The Pricking Process:

First fill the module tray with potting compost.
Make sure there is enough in each hole or cell.

Make sure the compost is evenly spread and tap

the tray on the bench a couple of times to make
sure it is level.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 82
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Ensure the seedlings to be pricked out are well
watered beforehand. You can tap the tray on its

edges to loosen it a little.

Carefully use a dibber, pencil or label to poke in

under the seedling. ALWAYS hold the seedling by
its leaves NEVER by the stem.

Ease out the root without damaging it. One seedling
will go in each cell of the module tray.

Move the seedling over to the module tray, make
a hole with the dibber in the middle and place the
seedling in up to its leaves. Finally, label and water
in.

Repotting does not necessarily mean changing a plant's current planter, but
rather, changing its soil or potting mix. ... Roots are growing through the
drainage hole at the bottom of the planter. Roots are pushing the plant up, out
of the planter.

PROCEDURE IN REPOTTING PLANT

Gently hold the stems of your plant and slide it out
from its current planter. If you have trouble getting
it out, you can lightly tap the bottom of the pot or

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 83
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

shake the plant gingerly to free the roots.

Loosen the roots with your hand, pruning any
roots that are excessively long or look discolored
or mushy. Be sure to clean your shears with
rubbing alcohol before you start and between cuts
to keep your plant healthy!

Put a layer of fresh potting soil into the new planter
of your choice—just make sure that it has
appropriate drainage at the bottom, preferably an
actual drainage hole and a saucer.

Set your plant on top of the new soil, in the center of
the pot, and pack fresh potting soil around it until it's
even and the plant is supported and can stay upright

on its own. Make sure you leave a little bit of space—
around an inch—between the top of the soil and the top
of the pot, so liquid doesn't spill over the edge when

you
water your plant

Water your plant thoroughly and let it finish draining
from the bottom of the planter.

General
The initial reaction after potting and repotting is wilting. The transpiration loss
has to be checked to help plants revive. Hence keep freshly potted plants under

shade and "pot water daily".

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 84
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

After about ten days under shade, the plants should be gradually exposed to
sun by keeping them for some hours under sun and then putting them under
shade. The period of exposure can be increased every week until finally the
plants can be kept in the open.

The general rule of thumb is that when a seedling has three to four true leaves,
it's large enough to plant out in the garden (after it has been hardened off)

Reference;
1. www.gardeningknowhow.com>propagation>seeds>

2. www.gardenhealth.com
3. www.thesill.com>blogs.care-miscellaneous.plant-c

Brittney Morga

SELF-CHECK 1.5-2

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of your answer according to your
knowledge, understanding and experience. Write your answer on the answer

sheet provided for.

1. It is usually preferable to broadcasting because it permits better air

circulation and makes it easier to remove seedlings later

a. Hill method c. row seeding

b. Broadcasting d. furrow method

2. It is done by broadcasting or spreading the seeds

a. Hill method c. furrow method

b. Broadcast method d. row seeding

3. Which of the following is a characteristics of a quality seedling

a. Trueness to variety c. free from diseases

b. Germination percentage d. all of these

4. A young plant sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from seed

a. Seedling c. transplant

b. Hypocotyl d. cotyledon

5. The following are principles to follow in sowing seeds except one

a. Quality seed should be use

b. Seeds must be fully mature

c. Seeds must be adulterated with weed seeds

d. Seeds must be free from pest and diseases

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 85
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

ANSWER KEY 1.5-2

1. C
2. B

3. D
4. A
5. C

.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 86
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

JOB SHEET 1.5-2

Title : PRICK SEEDLINGS

Performance of Objective: Given all the necessary material and tools you

should perform pricking of seedlings as per instructions of the trainer
and/or supervisor.

Supplies /materials : seed box of vegetable seedling , rooting media

Tools : seedling tray, trowel, sprinkler can, shovel

Steps/Procedure

1. Proceed to the work station and prepare the necessary tools and
materials needed.

2. Check the seedlings in the seed box

3. Perform the pricking of seedling following the correct procedures and
step in doing the activity

4. Arrange the prick out seedlings in an available empty seed box

5. Water it and place in a designated area.
6. Implement 5’s after the activity.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 87
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Trainer’s Name :______________________ Date:____________

JOB SHEET 1.5-2

Criteria YES NO

Seed Preparation
1. Prepare all the needed materials and tools for the activity.
2. Check the seedling in the seed box.

4. Perform the activity according to the standard and instruction
given by the trainer/supervisor.

5. Arrange the prick out seedlings in an empty seed box
6. Water the newly prick seedlings
7. Place the seedlings in the designated area.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 88
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

8. Implement 5’s after the activity.

Trainer’s Name: ______________________ Date:__________

INFORMATION SHEET 1.5-3
PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES

Objectives:
After reading this information sheet the students/trainees must be able to;
1. Learn different propagation techniques applicable to different
plants.
2. Develop skills in propagating plants using the different techniques.

PLANT PROPAGATION – is the process of multiplying or increasing the
number of same species and at the same time perpetuating their desirable
characteristics.

REASONS:
● Multiply or increase the number of plants rapidly.
● Retain the desirable characteristics of the mother plant.
● Hastened and improved the bearing age of the plant especially in fruit
trees through artificial method of plant propagation.
● Prevent the extinction of the plant species.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 89
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

● Produce superior strains and disease-resistant plants that will be best
suited to the soil and climate of a place.

Plants can reproduce one of two ways.
1. Sexual reproduction is the natural combination of pollen and stamen to

produce seeds.
2. Asexual propagation, also known as vegetative propagation, is a human-

assisted cloning of a plant.

Advantages:
● Perpetuate plants that do not usually produce seeds.
● Shorten the bearing age of the plant, especially in fruit trees.

● Produce superior strains and disease resistant plants that will
best suited under a given climate and soil condition.

● Increase and multiply the number of plants rapidly.
● Maintain the good qualities of parent plant.
● Prevent the plant species from being lost or extinct.

● Involves handy operations.
Method of Asexual Propagation

1. Natural or Vegetative Method is the propagation and
multiplication of plants by means of the growing parts.
Growing Parts of a Plant

● Sucker – a shoot from a root or underground part of a stem
● Slip – a plant cutting, it is a long, narrow piece of wood
● Crown

● Leaf
● Stem

● Root
● Rhizome – a thickened, usually horizontal underground stem

or branch of a plant that stores food, producing roots below

and leafy shoots above, and that differs from a root in having
buds and scaly leaves.
● Tubers – a modified underground stem, shortened, thickened

and fleshy, with buds which may become new plants.
● Runners – a part of a plant that creeps.

● Corms – an enlarged, round subterranean stem, composed of
two or more internodes and covered externally by a few thin
membrane scale leaves.

2. Artificial Method
● Cuttings

● Air-layering
● Inarching

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 90
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

● Marcotting
● Grafting
● Budding
Marcotting is a form of vegetative reproduction that consists in inducing
rooting of part of a tree branch. After rooting is induced, the branch is cut and
put in a nursery to develop buds and become an independent plant. Marcotting
allows for the reproduction of exact copies of the mother tree and for early
fructification.
Note:
Marcotting will not work on monocot plant.
GUIDELINES TO FOLLOW IN MARCOTTING:
● Health of the parent plant
● Production or performance of the parent plant
● Resistant to pests and diseases
● Quality of the fruit and other values
● Marcotting potential of the plant
MATERIALS USED IN MARCOTTING
● Knife
● Pruning shears – use to prune the excess leaves on the marcottage to
reduces transpiration, since the cut bark around the stem reduces the
flow of water
● Rooting medium
● Wrapping materials
● Tying materials
● Step ladder (optional)
PROCEDURE;

1. Prepare all the needed materials in marcotting operation.
2. Select the stem to be marcotted. Choose an upright branch which is

matured but still actively growing. Do not use very young or very old
stems.
3. With a sharp knife, remove a ring of bark twice
widen than the diameter of the branch and about
12 – 18 inches from the tip of the branch.
4. Gently scraped the exposed wood to remove the thin
slimy layer (cambium layer) completely to prevent the
formation of a new bark.
5. Wrapped the debarked portion with a ball of moist
sphagnum moss or any available rooting medium. The
amount of medium depends on the size of the stem but

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 91
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

should support the water requirements and root
formation of the marcot.

6. Hold the rooting medium in place with transparent
polyethylene plastic sheet and tie both ends with a piece

of string.
7. Examined the marcot regularly and watch for the

appearance of the roots. When enough roots have been

formed cut the marcot from the mother plant just
below the ball of soil.
8. When roots emerge (generally 2 to 4 months after laying),

the marcott should be severed with a saw to separate it
from the tree. Cut the upper part first with a length

allowance of 40-50 cm. Then cut the branch just below
themarcott.
9. Plant the marcotted stem in a pot or polyethylene bag

containing suitable soil mixture.
Note:

● Sawdust is the most suitable and most handy rooting medium
commonly used by plant propagators. It is very effective rooting
medium. It keeps moist by sprinkling water on it. This medium

is more sanitary than soil which may harbor nematodes and
other pathogens.
● Plastic sheet wrappings of marcottage are efficient conservers of

moisture to induce rooting.
GRAFTING – is the process of connecting two species of living tissue together

in such a manner that they will unite and subsequently grow and develop as
one plant. This comes in various forms such as cleft, bark wedge crown, etc.
SCION – is selected from desirable plant of the same species as the stock. It is

usually taken from bearing fruit.
STOCK – is taken from a group of nursery seedlings. It is a sapling of about a
year old, well rooted and established in the soil.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD SCION
● A mature and bearing with high production performance.

● It bears high quality of fruit in terms of flavor.
● Has long record of regular fruit bearing.
● Has a high percentage of fruit development

● Fruits have notable uniformity in size and shape
● Resistance to pests and diseases

● Tolerant to local climatic conditions.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD STOCK

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 92
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

● Health and vigor
● Size and shape of the stem
● Resistance to pests and diseases

The grafting materials should come from the bearing plant. The twig
should be at least a year old. This can be determined by the appearance of the
leaves. The leaves are usually bronzing green and crackle if taken into one
hands. If the scion is taken from luxuriant well fertilized tree, leaves should be
removed first, and the scion is kept in a rolled newspaper for about 12 hours
under room temperature to remove extra moisture in it. Some advice that
grafting scion should be kept in saw dust for about 24 hours before making a
graft.

The wedge – shaped cut is made at least at the base of the scion. This
is carefully done to produce sharp, clean cuts, especially at near the bark of
the cambium layers. Meanwhile the stock is also prepared. The stem is cut-off
10 -12 cm above the ground depending on the size of the stock.

MATERIALS / TOOLS FOR GRAFTING OPERATIONS
● Grafting knife
● Grafting tape
● Pruning sheers
● Ladder (optional)
● Transparent cellophane (ice candy wrapper)
● Scion
● Stock

STEPS IN GRAFTING OPERATION:

1. A 4-5-month old seedling of the same species raised in a
polyethylene bag is used as rootstock.

2. The

apical end of the rootstock is removed. A split is formed
on the stock by making a vertical cut 3-4 cm down from the
center of the stub.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 93
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

3. The terminal current season's shoot in
active growth of a

desirable clone, about 0.8-1.2cm in diameter, is selected as

scion material. It is defoliated and disinfected prior to

grafting. The scion may be of the same or smaller diameter

than the rootstock.

4. The base of the scion is cut with an
equal-sided wedge. The

scion with the basal end in the form of a wedge is ready for

insertion.

5. The scion is inserted into the split of the
rootstock so that

at least one side of the cambia of the rootstock and the

scion is in intimate contact.

6. The scion and the rootstock are tied
firmly in position

with a clear polythene strip.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 94
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

7. The scion is then wrapped with a clear
polythene strip to

ensure that it is well-covered to prevent excessive wetting

of the grafted portion should the rain water flow into it.

8. The grafting operation is completed

9. After the graft has healed and the terminal bud of the
scion begins to sprout, loosen the polythene strip to allow
the shoot to grow normally to avoid girdling.

10. A sapling successfully propagated by
grafting.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 95
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

BUDDING – is similar to grafting except that the scion is reduced in size to
usually contain only one bud. This comes in various forms such as shield,

patch flute, ring, etc. it is a method of plant propagation which uses the bud as
the scion, getting it inserted into the bark of the stock to encourage union
through the cambium layer. The method of preparing materials for budding, is

similar to that of grafting.
BUDDING STICK – mall stems or twigs having multiple number of nodes from
which the bud-containing barks are to be prepared, are obtained from well

selected vigorous, disease-free mother plants having desirable characteristics
and immediately defoliated

QUALITIES OF A BUDSTICK:
● Production performance
● Good quality of fruits

● Adoption to local climatic and soil condition
The budding stick must not less done one year old. To determine this put

some leaves on your palm and close it, if the leaves crackle, the twig on which
the leaves grew is of the right age for use as a budding scion.

The chosen twig is processed the same way grafting are processed. You

will recall that when the grafting sticks are taken from well cared tree, the
leaves are luxuriant green and have lots of moisture. These grafting or budding
sticks should be placed under room temperature for about 12 hours to remove

extra moisture.
BUDDING MATERIALS:

● Budding / grafting knife – must be of razor- sharp so as to produce
sharp clean cut in the extraction of the bud-eye and the making of slits
on the stock.

● Budding sticks
● Pruning sheers
● Budding tape

● Stock
The most common method in budding is to insert the bud- eye into the

bark and then splice it to protect the union from getting infected by sealing it
with plastic strips or budding tape. Water and moisture must not be allowed to
enter the union

SELECTION OF SCION VARIETY AND BUDWOOD:
Parent trees from which bud wood are taken should be carefully selected.

● The fruit characters must be true to type.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 96
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

● The trees should have a record of satisfactory production over a period of
at least 5 years.

● It should be free from systematic diseases affecting the variety. Factors
to consider in collecting bud wood:

● Burwood should be taken from green, vigorous, second-flush growth.
● After the bud wood is collected, its leaves should be clipped and the bud

wood cut into appropriate lengths, each piece containing about 5 -8 bud
eyes.
● The bud wood should be labeled at once, indicating the name of the
variety, source of bud wood, and date of collection.
● Only freshly cut bud wood should be used. If it needs to be stored, it
should be kept fresh by wrapping it in moist materials, put in a
polyethylene bag, and stored in cool place.
SELECTION OF ROOTSTOCK VARIETY:
● It must be compatible with the scion or bud wood variety. The union
must permit good growth, long life good yield and good fruit qualities.
● The seeds must be readily available with a high percentage of
germination.
● The rootstock must be adaptable to a wide range of soil depth, structure,
pH, texture, salinity, moisture and nutrient supply.
● It must be resistant to soil-borne diseases.
BUDDING OPERATIONS:
Budding is done when the seedlings are at least 4 – 5 months old
in the nursery. The seedlings should be at least pencil-sized
in diameter
at a point 10 – 12 cm above the ground.

1. Remove dirt by rubbing the stem.
2. An inverted T-shaped incision is made on the stem of the

stock about 10-12 cm. above the ground level. The
cut should be deep enough to cut through the bark.

3. A bud about 2cm. long with a thin slice of wood
included is cut from the bud wood.

4. Insert the bud all the way into the inverted T incision
on the stock by pushing it upward until the bud eye
is covered by the bark of the stock

.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 97
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

5. Wrap the union with plastic tape or budding tape to
prevent drying and to promote contact between scion

and stock. Tying is started at the base of the bud
and is continued upward so that each successive

turn slightly overlaps the one below it. The wrap is
secured by slipping the free end of the tape under the
last lap by slipping the free end of the tape under the

last lap.

Cuttings
Many types of plants, both woody and herbaceous, are frequently propagated

by cuttings. A cutting is a vegetative plant part which is severed from the
parent plant in order to regenerate itself, thereby forming a whole new plant.
Take cuttings with a sharp blade to reduce injury to the parent plant

Place stem and leaf cuttings in bright, indirect light. Root cuttings can be kept
in the dark until new shoots appear.

Stems Cuttings
Numerous plant species are propagated by stem cuttings. Most can be taken
throughout summer and fall, but stem cuttings of some woody plants root

better if taken in the fall or in the dormant season.
Tip cuttings
Detach a 2- to 6-inch piece of stem, including the

terminal bud. Make the cut just below a node.
Remove lower leaves that would touch or be below

the medium. Buds are always above leaves. Make sure the cutting is inserted
base down.
Cane cuttings

Cut cane-like stems into sections containing one or two eyes, or
nodes.
Dust ends with fungicide or activated charcoal. Allow to dry several

hours. Lay horizontally with about half of the cutting below the
media surface, eye facing upward.

Single Eye
The eye refers to the bud which emerges at the axil of the leaf at each
node. This is used for plants with alternate leaves when space or stock

material are limited. Cut the stem about 1/2 inch above and 1/2 inch
below a node. Place the cutting horizontally or vertically in the

medium with the node just touching the surface.
Double Eye

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 98
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

This is used for plants with opposite leaves when space or stock
material is limited. Cut the stem about 1/2 inch above and 1/2 inch

below the same node. Insert the cutting vertically in the medium with
the node just touching the surface.

Heel cutting
This method uses stock material with woody stems efficiently. Make a shield-
shaped cut about halfway through the wood around a leaf and axial bud. Insert

the shield horizontally into the medium so that it is completely covered.
Leaf Cuttings
Leaf cuttings are used almost exclusively for a few indoor plants. Leaves of

most plants will either produce a few roots but no plant, or just decay.
Whole leaf with petiole

Detach the leaf and up to 1 1/2 inches of petiole. Insert the lower
end of the petiole into the medium. One or more new plants will
form at the base of the petiole. The leaf may be severed from the new plants

when they have their own roots, and the petiole can be reused. (Example:
African violet).

Whole leaf without petiole
This is used for plants with sessile leaves (no stalk or petiole).
Insert the cutting vertically into the medium. A new plant will

form from the axillary bud.
Split vein
Detach a leaf from the stock plant. Slit its veins on the lower leaf surface. Lay

the cutting, lower side down, on the medium. New plants will form at each cut.
display the variegation.)

Root Cuttings
Root cuttings are usually taken from 2- to 3-year-old plants during
their dormant season when they have a large carbohydrate supply.

Root cuttings of some species produce new shoots, which then form
their own root systems, while root cuttings of other plants develop
root systems before producing new shoots.

Offsets
Plants with a rosette stem often reproduce by forming new shoots

at their base or in leaf axils. Sever the new shoots from the parent
plant after they have developed their own root system. Unrooted
offsets of some species may be removed and placed in a rooting

medium. Some of these must be cut off, while others may be simply lifted off
the parent stem. Examples: date palm, haworthia, bromeliads, many cacti.

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 99
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100

Separation
Separation is a term applied to a form of propagation by which plants that
produce bulbs or corms multiply.

Reference:
1. en.wikipedia.org>wiki>Vegetative-reproduction
2. www.thoughtco.com>vegetative propagation-4138604
3. www.instructables.com>Grafting-Made.Simple

DATE DEVELOPED DOCUMENT NO. ACP2-1

AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION NC II JULY 10, 2020 ISSUED BY: Page
PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS DEVELOPED BY: TESDA- WNAS 100
REVISION #
ERLINDA V. FERRER of
Instructor
100