BUKU PROGRAM DPEx26th

C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G D E PA R T M E N T
P O L I T E K N I K S U LTA N I D R I S S H A H

26TH

DISSERTATION,
PRESENTATION
& EXHIBITION

The Dissertation, Presentation and Exhibition program is a
platform to provide opportunity for students to practice
their theoretical knowledge to solve engineering
problems. Through this program, students are able to
demonstrate their ability to master all the knowledge and
learn skills to produce high quality final project work. The
aim of this institute is to produce high creativity, innovative
and competitive graduates. Therefore, they can
contribute and generate industrial sector in order to
enhance country’s economy.

1

CONTENTS

DPEX 26th 1

FOREWORD BY THE P.S.I.S DIRECTOR 3

FOREWORD BY THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT 4

PROGRAM TIMELINE 5

LIST OF PROJECTS 7

PROJECT’S SYNOPSIS

- DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 10

- DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 33

ORGANISING COMMITTEE 44

2

FOREWORD BY THE DIRECTOR

“I hope these challenges that paved our path
could make us grow wiser and work harder
in meeting the changing demands needed by
our country”

ISHANUDDIN BIN HUSSIN
DIRECTOR
POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
‫السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته‬
& Salam Sejahtera

Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah, we could meet again in the
26th Dissertation, Presentation and Exhibition (DPEx-26), for the
December 2020 session.

The year 2020, has been quite overwhelming in so many aspects as
the whole country, and the world face the Covid-19 pandemic. Our
daily routine has now transformed into new norms with unique
approaches and detailed standard of procedures. Despite this, the
commitment of all parties remains unaffected.

Cultivating research has become a demand for all Higher Learning
Institutions. To improve the visibility of Higher Learning Institutions, it
needs to advance its research and the use of strength in the
academic field to influence the community, technology, economy,
and society. However, with the ongoing pandemic, new norms in the
implementation and evaluation of studies need to be practised. I
hope these challenges that paved our path could make us grow
wiser and work harder in meeting the changing demands needed by
our country.

As the director of Sultan Idris Shah Polytechnic (PSIS), I hope the
Department of Civil Engineering PSIS will remain steadfast in
guiding the students to produce quality research in line with our
tagline, PSIS Designing Your Future.

All the best.

3

FOREWORD BY THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

“Hopefully, these new ideas and innovative
products can continue to support the needs of the
construction community thus improve the quality
of research and innovation at Sultan Idris Shah
Polytechnic ”

SAEDAH JOHNNY NOAKES
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh, Alhamdulillah, the 26th
Dissertation, Presentation & Exhibition (DPEx-26) for the session of
December 2020 has managed to be delivered on the 15 – 16 June 2021.

Although we must face the new norm of education methods during the
Covid19 pandemic, still the students and lecturers manage to outstand
every obstacle. Therefore, congratulations to all the committee
members involved from the Department of Civil Engineering for their
efforts in making this final project presentation and exhibition a success.
And, to all the final semester students for their enthusiasm, discipline, and
commitment in ensuring the success of their FYP research and product
design at DPEx-26.DPEx-26 has been the platform for final semester
students to apply all their knowledge of Civil Engineering, Environmental
Engineering, and Architecture creatively and critically in creating new
high-impact innovations. Hopefully, these new ideas and innovative
products can continue to support the needs of the construction
community thus improve the quality of research and innovation at
Sultan Idris Shah Polytechnic.

Special thanks to all the external panels from the academia and
construction industry who have shared their knowledge and wisdom in
supporting the DPEx-26 event. Hopefully, this program will increase the
availability of relevant information, fast problem-solving in cooperation
project design and construction operations, and digitization of Industrial
Revolution 4.0 products. We foresee to increase in cooperation with the
industry in producing outstanding quality research studies in the future.

Thank you.

4

PROGRAM TIMELINE

1ST PRESENTATION

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

28/04/2021 30/04/2021 03 /05/2021

Students submit slide Project Supervisors Panel evaluation
presentation (PDF) and submit slides briefing
video presentation (MP4)
to the Project Supervisor presentation (PDF),
for review (APPENDIX 3 video presentation (MP4)

form) of students along with
APPENDIX 3 form into

the link provided

STEP 4 STEP 5

04/05/2021 08/05/2021
07/05/2021

Student Project Moderation
Evaluation by all
internal panels

DCC6203 / DCN6053
5

PROGRAM TIMELINE

FINAL PRESENTATION

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

11/06/2021 12/06/2021 14/06/2021

Students submit slide Project Supervisors Panel evaluation
presentation (PDF) and submit slides briefing
video presentation (MP4)
to the Project Supervisor presentation (PDF),
for review (APPENDIX 4 video presentation (MP4)

form) of students along with
APPENDIX 4 form into

the link provided

STEP 4 STEP 5

15/06/2021 - 17/06/2020
16/06/2021

Student Project Moderation
Evaluation by all
external panels DCC6203 / DCN6053

6

LIST OF PROJECT

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING GROUP STUDENTS NAME PROJECT TITLE SUPERVISOR
1 MUHAMMAD SHAHRUL NIZAM BIN GLOW IN THE DARK REFLECTIVE LINE
2 FAUZIAH BINTI
3 IDRIS ROAD AZIZ
MUHAMMAD ZULFIKAR BIN MOHD
FLEXIBLE WHEELBARROW MOHAMAD FAUZI
SAUPI BIN CHE PA
COLUMN CARRYING TOOLS
AHMAD NAZMI BIN ANUAR ZAWANI BINTI ABU
RAIS
LOKMAN NURHAKIM BIN
AMIRUDDIN

NURHARITH DENIAL BIN NOR AMLI

NUR IDA NURINA BINTI AZIZI

4 SHAZANA ATIKAH BT AZHAR PROTOTYPE OF SAFETY SENSOR AT NOORHADI BIN
NAZATUL QUDRINA BT MOHD CURVE ON ROAD JAILANI

NAZARUDIN

SITI NATILA NAZIRA BT AHMAD ZAMSALWANI BINTI
ZAMRI
5 BUSRAN INNOVATION FLOOD DOOR BARRIER
NURSHAHIRA BT JAMALI

HANIF DANIAL BIN MOHD KHAIRUL

6 FARID PORTABLE RY BAR BENDER SYAKIROH BINTI
NURFASIHAH FIKRIYAH BINTI MOHAMAD TAUFIK

BAHARI

SITI ZARIFAH BINTI ZAINAL ARIFFIN EASY PLASTERING TOOL SUZIELAHYATI
7 BINTI YAHYA

SITI KHADIJAH BINTI RADZURAN

8 AHMAD IQMAL SHAH BIN ZUKRI RECTANGULAR DRAIN FILTER USING ISMAIL BIN MOHD
FATIN FARHANIS BINTI ZAHARIN COCOPEAT AND CHARCOAL ALI

JAMA'AH BINTI HJ.

NIZAM SEKON

NURUL ALIA BINTI NAHMUDIN COCOLASTIC TILES MOHD NUBLI
9 SHAHMI BIN
ZAINAL ABIDIN
NUR SABRINA BINTI MOHD SALLEH

10 MOHAMAD FAISAL BIN MUNAP PERMEABLE INTERLOCKING PAVER SAIFULLIZAM BIN
MAHAAVISHAGAN A/L ABU BAKAR

RAJASEGARAN

11 MUHAMMAD LUQMAN BIN TAJUL INNOVATION OF BRICK TRANSPORTER TUAN NOOR
AKHMAL FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION RAFIDAH BINTI
TUAN HASSAN
MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN
ZAINUDDIN

MUHAMAD ISMART SHAH BIN A STUDY OF CONCRETE BY REPLACING MOHD IZUDDIN BIN

12 NAZRI PARTIAL CEMENT WITH RICE HUSH ASH MAHMOOD
IBNU REZZA BIN MAZLAN

7

LIST OF PROJECT

GROUP STUDENTS NAME PROJECT TITLE SUPERVISOR DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
13
14 AHMAD MUZZAMIL BIN MAT HYDRAULIC JACK FOR PROBE RUHIL HAYATI
15 MUHAMMAD HAIDY DARWISH BIN MACKINTOSH BINTI JAAFAR
16
MOHD IZHAR STUDY OF INTERLOCKING PAVEMENT SITI NORZAEMAH
CLEMENT A/L MARIADASS BLOCK USING CRUMB RUBBER AS BINTI MOHD
ADJECTIVES RASHID
DHARVIN A/L PERIYASAMY

NUR AFIQAH NAJIHAH BINTI STUDY OF RHDPE AND CRUMB RUBBER AS CHIA SOI LEE
NOORIZHAM BINDER MATERIAL IN ASPHALT
SITI FARAH
ABDUL MUIZ BIN ABD RAJAK SUPPORT STAND BEAM WAHIDA BINTI
HAMIM
MOHAMED
NUR SYAHIRAH AQILAH BINTI
SUHAIMI

MUHAMAD ZIKRI BIN ABDULLAH

NURIN JAZLINA HAMSATON TILES SPREADING TOOL IBRAHIM BIN MOHD
17 ZULKIFLI

NUR SOLEHAH MAULAT ROHANI

NIK SYAMIMI ATHIRAH BINTI NIK

18 ZAIDI FLOOR PARQUET BY USING DISPOSAL NORASYIKIN BINTI
NUR NADHIRAH BINTI ZULKIFLI
COCONUT SHELL AND WASTE WOOD YAAKUB

NUR FARZANA BINTI ARSAD SAND SIEVE VIBRATOR MACHINE SUZIELAHYATI
19 MUHAMMAD DHIA DANISH BIN BINTI YAHYA

ABDUL MANAF

20 NURUL AMALIA BINTI MOHD COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WATER MOHD SHAHRIL
TARMIZI ABSORPTION OF CONCRETE BIN BORHNNUDIN,
INCORPORATING SILICA FUME
RUZANAIZZATI BT MOHAMED TS. CHAI TECK
ZAINUDIN JUNG

MOHAMMAD ZAINULHAZIQ BIN JEVARATNAM A/P

21 ROSLANI ANTIBACTERIAL PAINT RAMASAMY,
HAIQAL HAQIMI BIN EFFENDI ROZILAILI BINTI

MUSTAPA

MOHAMAD HAZIMUDDIN BIN SITI NUREHAN

22 HAMDAN INNOVATION ADJUSTABLE AND STANDING BINTI OMAR,
MOHAMAD JEFFRI BIN AZHAR PANEL DOOR SITI NADIA BINTI

MUHAMMAD

SHAMSUDDIN

MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKEEM BIN

23 MOHD HILMI CONCRETE PONTOON USING STYROFOAM AHMAD ZAIYAD BIN
NUR SYARAFANA BINTI MUSA
AND PLASTIC BOTTLE IDRUS

8

LIST OF PROJECT

GROUP STUDENTS NAME PROJECT TITLE SUPERVISOR
1
DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NUR WAJIHAH BINTI ABUL KASSIM PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM BEEF MOHD SAIFUL
2 NAZATUL AKMA BINTI ROSLEE TALLOW HADI BIN MD
NUR ASHEYKA BINTI MAHBAT
YUSOFF

NORATIKAH BINTI MOHAMAD SITI ARINAH BINTI
NURFAKHIRA BINTI RIZUWAN
BIODEGRADABLE DRINKING STRAW FROM SANAT,
FIONA JESSIE JAMES PILONG RICE STRAW AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE. NUR ADIBAH BINTI

BAHARUN @

BAHARUDDIN

FATIN NURIZZAH BINTI MOHD NOR

3 NUR SYAZANA ATIRA BINTI SOLAR DRYING RACK NOOR FARAHIN
AHMAD SYAHARUDIN BINTI BAIN

NURIN ATHIRAH BINTI HASSAN

MUHAMMAD IMRAN BIN WASRI

4 AZIM IKHWAN BIN MUHAIYITDIN STUDY OF BIO-PLASTIC FROM LEMON NUR SHUHADA
MUHAMMAD ZULFAQAR BIN PEELS, COFFEE AND DATES SEED BINTI ARBAAN

MOHAMAD NOR

PUVENASWARI A/P ANNAMALAI BOTANICAL PESTICIDE IN THE FORM OF
PEPPERMINT AND CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL
5 MUHAMMAD AMZAR DARWISH BIN KHAIROOL ANWAR
MOHD NAZOMI ENCAPSULATED IN SODIUM ALGINATE BIN ALIAS

MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN SUZAILI

SITI NURUL NAJIHA BINTI MOHD MOHD ZAMRI BIN
JAMALUDDIN,
6 YUSOF PRODUCTION OF BIO ENZYME BY USING NURUL IMAMAH
ORANG PEEL AND YEAST FOR BINTI TAJRI
SITI NORAFIQAH BINTI MOHD WASTEWATER TREATMENT
NASUDIN

SITI NOR SUZILA BINTI ABD RANI

MUHAMMAD NAZRUL HISYAM BIN

AHMAD ABU SHAH KHAIROOL ANWAR
BIN ALIAS
7 MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN MOHD ZAIDI MOBILE OIL FILTRATION SYSTEM DEVICE

MUHAMMAD ALIF IKRAM BIN

SULAIMAN

8 NUR ALIAH SOFIAH BINTI AZMAN POTENTIAL MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS , AZZAH SYAHMINA
NABILLA ANNISA BT DARUS TAMARIND SEEDS AND SESAME SEEDS AS BINTI AZMAN

NORISHA ELEZZA BINTI SUKAMIL BIOCOAGULANT.

NUR' AISYAH BINTI AZMAN

9 NUR SAIYIDAH BINTI MOHAMED GREYWATER STUDY FROM DIFFRENCE MOHD ZAMRI BIN
ALI
RESIDENTIAL AREAS JAMALUDIN

AMIRUL ASYRAF BIN ASLIN

10 LOGA NARASIMMAN A/L SEGAR THE STUDY ON SUGARCANE ASH HAFIZULHADI BIN
JEZIMARTINA A/P XAVIER PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN IN SOIL RAHIM

IMPROVEMENT

9

SYNOPSIS

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

10

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

GLOW IN THE DARK REFLECTIVE LINE ROAD
MUHAMMAD ZULFIKAR BIN MOHD SAUPI (17DKA18F2043)
MUHAMMAD SHAHRUL NIZAM BIN IDRIS (17DKA18F2059)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor
FAUZIAH BINTI AZIZ
SYNOPSIS

Infrastructure is a vast, often invisible web, shaped by inspired and politics-driven choices.
Understanding the story behind those choices, such as how our roads got their white and yellow
stripes, will helps us build a better infrastructure in the future. Road markings provide guidance for
disciplined and safe driving. It is suggested to mark all the major roads with lanes, edge and median
markings together with delineators. These signs painted on the asphalt regulate basic traffic on any
road and also when higher priority signs disappear. The problem that occurs is the line of
communication that stands out. Reflectors used on existing road lines have less lighting. The
innovation is uses an inventive design that provides a Glow in The dark Reflective Line Road and
comparing between the existing one. The product is engineered to provide a brightness of the Glow
in The Dark Reflective Line Road. Custom the right ratio Glow in the Dark Reflective Line Road.
There are 3 main types of samples used in this study, namely Epoxy Resin and white paint, Water
base paint, Acrylic paint. The three samples were mixed together with glow powder as a lighting
material. The method used is to apply the three samples that have been dissolved with the glow
powder in the work box, each one. All roads marking shall be protected from traffic until the marked
paint get dry. Light reflection under car headlight illumination in dry condition, minimum initial
coefficient of retro reflected illumination R is 30 mcd / m / Lx. As a result of this study, the lighting
results for each sample did not exceed the standards set by the Public Works Department of
Malaysia (JKR). This is because, the reaction between the sample and the glow powder does not
give the maximum effect and impact. This product is suitable for use on dark roads and no street
lights. The road line glow in the dark reflective helps road users see the road line more clearly.

11

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

MAKING A FLEXIBLE WHEELBARROW

LOKMAN NURHAKIM BIN AMIRUDDIN (17DKA18F2002)
AHMAD NAZMI BIN ANUAR (17DKA18F2053)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor

MOHAMAD FAUZI BIN CHE PA

SYNOPSIS
A wheelbarrow is a small hand-propelled vehicle, usually with just one wheel, designed to be pushed and
guided by a single person using two handles at the rear. Nowadays, most people use technology to
simplify the affairs of their lives in all aspects. Humans are always looking
something to help do the hard work in their daily affairs. Therefore, wheelbarrow were built to help reduce
manpower consumption and when lifting and moving heavy objects from one place to another. The use of
wheelbarrow also can help solve health problems. The wheelbarrow from a design aspect is very simple
concept that facilitates the transportation of large amounts of difficult to move materials. So the
wheelbarrow is unstable when the wheelbarrow carries load. The existing wheelbarrow is less ergonomic
because the user has difficulty to use it .Next is use a lot of energy when put the load .It makes it difficult
for small people to use it. Therefore, the way to solve the following problems is by improving the
wheelbarrow to help further facilitate the construction work. The objectives of this study are to design a
flexible wheelbarrow. Next, to produce flexible wheelbarrow and last, is to test maximum load flexible
wheelbarrow can carry. To make this project a success, a few steps need to be done as well must be
adhered to ensure that the project to be done is smooth and success. If there is a problem, this flow chart
should be referenced back to help before or during the project. With this flow chart it is encourage more
orderly use of time so accurately and perfectly. Among the steps are problem statement, choosing all
titles, doing research, doing project tests and reports. The results of experiments performed on the
wheelbarrow, can be concluded that the flexible wheel barrow has achieved the objective of the study is
determine the maximum load protected by The flexible wheelbarrow and design a flexible wheelbarrow to
lift, move and carrying heavy items. Replacing conventional wheelbarrow as well as Designing and
building ‘flexible wheel barrows’ with using a hydraulic system. In addition the place has been tested and
it has been proved to be fruitful and useful as it had facilitated the work to move material easily. My
recommendation is hopefully my products be accepted in the construction industry and introduced to all
workers at the construction site to replace the existing wheelbarrow with flexible wheelbarrow.

12

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLUMN CARRYING TOOLS

NURHARITH DENIAL BIN NOR AMLI (17DKA18F2033)
NUR IDA NURINA BINTI AZIZI (17DKA18F2031)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

ZAWANI BINTI ABU RAIS

SYNOPSIS

Column Carrying Tools are specially made tools for lifting and erecting precast concrete columns
with its main function to facilitate the process of erecting precast columns and reduce manpower
as well as to prevent accidents. As we know, precast concrete columns have different sizes and
weights. Safety is very important and is emphasized at all in the construction area as well as
outside the construction area. The process of erecting precast columns is not easy and can result
in serious accidents to humans or defects that occur on precast concrete columns if careless and
careless when doing heavy work. Accidents not only occur while in the construction area but also
in the polytechnic area also experience cases of accidents while doing practical work in the
polytechnic area due to the negligence of the students themselves. After doing research, we
created a product that can solve this problem. Column Carrying Tools is only focused on
polytechnic students to facilitate the column in the process of lifting columns. As we know, male
students need 2 or 3 students to lift the column whereas it is very difficult for female students to
lift the column and need 4 or 5 students or more than that. manual column handling work uses a
lot of energy while lifting the column compared to using a column carrying tool, as this product
can reduce the time taken and the energy used. The material used to produce Column Carrying
Tools is stainless steel material, almost the entire body structure on Column Carrying Tools uses
stainless steel for the purpose of maintaining product quality. In addition, the use of wheelbarrow
tires is also used to facilitate the movement of the Column Carrying Tools, etc. The dimensions
for Column Carrying Tools are specially designed and have the stability to lift and move Column
Carrying Tools. The dimensions used were 2.9 m x 0.56 m x 1.65 m. This study was conducted in
an open area at Bukit Kapar, Klang. The data to be collected is to test the time required in a few
seconds from the Column Carrying Tools with different sizes. In addition, to determine the
characteristics of Column Carrying Tools by using questionnaires to support and further reinforce
the existing data. Questionnaires will be answered by students and the general public.

13

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROTOTYPE OF SAFETY SENSOR AT ROAD BEND
SHAZANA ATIKAH BINTI AZHAR ( 17DKA18F2015 )
NAZATUL QUDRINA BINTI MOHD NAZARUDIN ( 17DKA18F2011 )

( Diploma in Civil Engineering )
Project Supervisor

NOORHADI BIN JAILANI
SYNOPSIS

A road is connects traffic routes from one place to another. In Malaysia, there are various forms of
roads. There are several parts at road including road bend. As we know that road accidents are
increasing every year. Every day there are cases of road accidents were reported. The locations on
road where accidents often occur are at the road bend. According to studies that have been made,
road bend area are quite lacking in terms of safety features. These situations can cause drivers who
pass through the road bend pay less attention to the situation in front of them. The attitude of drivers
who drive over the speed limit at road bend also can causes of accidents. After some survey was
implemented to identify the issues related, a product called as Prototype of Safety Sensor at Road
Bend was produced. Some testing was conducted on the product to determine the efficiency of the
product in terms of visibility. The vehicle which is will pass through the road bend will be detect by the
sensor which is fixed on the product. Then the sensor will be send to the LED light and the light from
the LED light will warn to another vehicle in the opposite direction. The device was tested in several
roads including Jalan Bandar Kinrara 4 Puchong, Jalan Kampung Sungai Udang Klang and also near
to Taman Bukit Teratai Ampang. The test results found that this tool is suitable for use on road bend.
However there are some improvements need to apply on the product for the future. The main
components used to produce this device consists of Arduino Nano type sensor, IR sensor, relay, blue
and green LED lights, 9V battery and 12V battery with positive wire connector to connect the sensor
directly to the blue LED light.

14

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

INNOVATION FLOOD DOOR BARRIER

SITI NATILA NAZIRA BT AHMAD BUSRAN (17DKA18F1999)
NURSHAHIRA BT JAMALI (17DKA18F2045)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

DR. ZAMSALWANI BINTI ZAMRI
SYNOPSIS

The idea of to develop an innovation flood door barrier is from Flood disasters that occurred can be
categorized into flash floods and monsoon floods. Phenomenon climate change also contributes to
the uncertainty of intensity and the magnitude of a weather phenomenon that can record
extraordinary (extreme) conditions. It was discovered that flooding is a serious issue that affects
people all over the world. Areas which are located near the stream and river have high risk of
flooding. Water overflow during the flood incident makes the adjacent area much more vulnerable
and influence the water velocity as well. Flood with long duration cause serious health problem for
local people, particularly of the elderly and disabled family members living in poor conditions with
limited food stocks, unhygienic water sources, and poor sanitation. The aims of this study are to test
the efficiency of the Innovation Flood Door Barriers and analyze water capacity of water from
entering into the house. The purpose of this project is to develop an innovation flood door barrier that
would resist flood water from entering through the doorways of a building. The design of the product
based on the various sizes of door. The size of the innovation flood door barrier is 710mm x 830mm
and the thickness is 30mm. This barrier can be expanded from 830mm to 890mm. The expansion is
using iron rod. The materials that will be used are recycled plastic door and car strips seal for
prevent the water from entering the house. Testing was done on test the water flow rate and
measured the depth of water. The results obtained from the tests that have been performed show
satisfactory results. The product needs 85 seconds to expand the maximum width. For the water
capacity test shows a satisfactory result of 3.046 x 10-4 m³/s with expansion 840mm. As conclusion,
an Innovation Flood Door Barrier is the ideal solution to prevent flood water from entering through
doorways. By using the iron rod to expand the flood door barrier is easy way to install before the
flood event. This product would fit in doorways and be relatively easy and quick to employ. This
Innovation Flood Door Barrier act as flood control devices to protect property, reducing clean up, and
damage. This product also can be installed up to 890mm size width. This product is suitable for
residents in flood areas at a non-critical level. Properties, life and health of the people in the flood
areas will not be affected.

15

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

PORTABLE RY BAR BENDER
HANIF DANIAL BIN MOHD KHAIRUL FARID (17DKA18F2047)

NURFASIHAH FIKRIYAH BINTI BAHARI (17DKA18F2049)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor
SYAKIROH BINTI MOHD TAUFIK
SYNOPSIS

A Portable RY Bar Bender is designed with simple, efficient and easy to carry. All the component
readily available and easily found. Besides, all the material also able be found as second hand
condition item made the cost of production become lower than as estimated cost. The component
was collected and assembled. The use item were hollow bars measuring 2 cm in diameter and 40
cm in length, two bearing sizes with 10 cm and 6 cm in diameter respectively. Then, the plates with
thickness of 1 cm and 1/2 cm and a length of 47cm. The main function of Portable RY Bar Bender is
to bend the irons to produce ground beams, link iron and roof iron. The bendable irons of Portable
RY Bar Bender are all types of construction bars which the sizes are in between from R-bars from
R6 to R8. The sizes of Y-bar are Y10 to Y16. The effectiveness of Portable RY Bar Bender in terms
of time for bending the iron was tested. The time that has been noted is 68 seconds for R6 , 79
seconds for R8, 83 seconds for Y10, 92 seconds for Y12 and 130 seconds for Y16. For the
conclusion, Portable RY Bar Bender takes less than two minutes for one bend. The production of
bending iron takes a large number in one hour. This tool is also durable because it is strongly
soldered. So, it is not easily damaged. In-situ iron work as identified at small construction sites is to
bend the iron by using a steel bar spanner. The manual bending process suffers from various
drawbacks. Workers not only move their hands for hours but also sometimes suffer internal injuries
to organs.in fact also have an expensive cost for each purchase of this product each time the project
is to be carried out because steel bar spanner and bender foot are purchased separately. In terms of
duration, bending sessions take a long time and result in less numerous numbers.

16

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

EASY PLASTERING TOOL
SITI ZARIFAH BINTI ZAINAL ARIFFIN (17DKA18F2015)

SITI KHADIJAH BINTI RADZURAN (17DKA18F2057)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor
MOHAMAD FAUZI BIN CHE PA

SYNOPSIS
Plastering is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceiling. The
aim of this project was to design easy plastering tools. This tool is used for transferring liquid cement
using the easy plastering tools for plaster the wall. The advantages of using this tool are saving man
power supply and time cycle. Time is a factor important in a development project can be completed
in a timely manner set. The duration plastering work depends heavily on the amount of work wall
finishes that need to be made. This product is made from stainless steel with the ergonomic handle
is easy to hold and easy to use. It has an estimated size with 31cm x 21cm x 5cm (length x high x
width). This product will change the way ordinary bricklayers work. In addition, it greatly improves the
efficiency of plastering, suitable for cement, mortar, etc. The operation is very simple, high
performance and practically. Easy plastering tool are used to apply the plaster onto the surface and
to even the materials out for a smooth finish. Next, the process is we measure the time taken to see
the time required for the plastering work to be completed between the two different types of tools
which is normal trowel and easy plastering tool and to prove the effectiveness of this product.

17

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

RECTANGULAR DRAIN FILTER USING COCOPEAT AND CHARCOAL

AHMAD IQMAL SHAH BIN ZUKRI (17DKA18F2035)
FATIN FARHANIS BINTI ZAHARIN NIZAM (17DKA18F2039)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

JAMA’AH BINTI HJ. SEKON

SYNOPSIS
Polytechnic Sultan Idris Shah (PSIS), Dewan Syarahan Utama (DSU) have clogged drainage. That’s
cause some issues that the water flow to the lake doesn’t smooth and become smelly with natural
waste accumulated in the drain. Thus, fibrous coconut fiber structure can be used to aid the water
filtration process. The coconut fiber (cocopeat) used is the one whose skin has been removed. Water
that passes through the coconut fiber filter will be filtered from garbage or dirt. The filtering process
must be done repeatedly to get really clear and clean water. The equipment and materials we use
are low cost and readily available in polytechnic areas. the equipment is using Mild steel. iron net,
and Y16 reinforcement iron. The materials use in this study combine with two ingredients, coconut
fiber and charcoal. Both this material has own strengthen which is suitable as a water filter. Not only
that, some value added in this product study by making a garbage trap in the filter. Therefore, the
presence of water filters and garbage traps further facilitates the water flow to the lake. The drain
filter uses 635x965mm aluminum coil as the base on the filter, three layers of iron netting equipment
with different sizes, the first layer is 762x406mm, the second layer is 635x254mm and the last layer
is 457x101mm. The third net is a net that can filter waste and can be carried up to facilitate cleaning
workers. Next, measure the depth of the drain, and the depth of the water. This product will be
measured the quality with took a sample of water in the drain. After finishing the drain filter, put the
drain filter into the rectangular drain for ten days and take a water sample after placing the filter. the
next step, made a water sample test in the watershed laboratory. Have three tests namely, COD test,
PH test and Turbidity test. As a result, after put the drain filter on for ten days, the water quality is
very good with clearer, odor is reduced, natural garbage is trapped in rubbish traps, water flow
becomes orderly and not clogged. With the presence of a rectangular drain filter so that hopefully
may can help to reduce the clogged drains problem in the PSIS area.

18

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

COCOLASTIC TILES
NUR SABRINA BINTI MOHD SALLEH (17DKA18F2029)

NURUL ALIA BINTI NAHMUDDIN (17DKA18F2041)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor

MOHD NUBLI SHAHMI BIN ZAINAL ABIDIN
SYNOPSIS

Plastic waste is very important to cycle to avoid of natural resources leading to the destruction of
nature. In this project plastic that we used is Polyethylene Terepthalate .The coconut shell is the
strongest part covered in coconut fruit and is naturally created to protect the interior of the coconut.
Coconut shell is also used to make the charcoal used as fuel and coconut shell is much better than
others. Coconut shell is also suitable for making handicrafts and is suitable for longer periods due to
the strength of the coconut shell. This dissertation shows study on the results of an investigation of
effect of plastic waste and coconut shells as concrete replacement . mixes containing various
contents of the coconut shells and plastic waste were prepared and properties material such as
fineness modulus, water absorption, specific gravity, crushing value, impact value, abrasion value,
workability, compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. prepared containing
coconut shells and plastic waste as replacement of tiles.

19

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

PERMEABLE INTERLOCKING PAVER

MAHAAVISHAGAN A/L RAJASEGARAN (17DKA18F2027)
MOHAMAD FAISAL BIN MUNAP (17DKA18F2051)

(Diploma In Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

SAIFULLIZAM BIN ABU BAKAR

SYNOPSIS

The use of Interlocking Paver in the world construction industry had a long history. The growth of
the construction industry in Malaysia has provided an avenue for various road building materials to
be used in the construction process. The Interlocking paver is a built-in road building materials,
made from harsh and hard organic materials. The problem statement of this project is Water is
puddling on interlocking paver. That happened because the base may not have been installed at
the proper pitch and may have had a slight low spot or the base was not compacted enough. Other
that, Paver are uneven and sitting at different heights. Its because the base they have been
installed on is not deep enough or not an even thickness. Next, edges of the path may sink or seem
to disappear. This happens when the gravel or soil beneath the paver’s edge washes away.
Objective of this research is to construct cement interlocking paver by using zeolite as an additive.
Other that, to test the used zeolite interlocking paver in term of strength of compressive strength
test and water absorption test. Next, to compare compressive strength and water absorption if term
of new the sample interlocking paver with existing interlocking paver. For this project, the
interlocking paver will be made with mixture of cement sand and used zeolite with ratio 1:6. 1 part is
cement, 6 parts is sand and other part is used zeolite. The percentage used zeolite each is
difference, 1%, 3% and 5% also including 0% as controlled. There are two types of test have been
done on this interlocking brick. That is a compressive strength test and water absorption test.
Compressive Strength Test Result for 7 days, that 5% sample is the highest compressive strength
and that 5% is good in compressive strength. For water absorption test result for 28 days, level of
absorption for sample 5% is high and it can conclude that sample 5% is good in water absorption.
For recommendation, more uses zeolite can get a good data and result. Need more study on
zeolite so the usage of zeolite can be optimized.

20

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

INNOVATION OF BRICK TRANSPORTER IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
MUHAMMAD LUQMAN BIN TAJUL AKHMAL (17DKA18F2006)
MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN ZAINUDDIN (17DKA18F2037)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor
TUAN NOOR RAFIDAH BINTI TUAN HASSAN
SYNOPSIS

Bricks are a widely used in construction and building material around the world, as a result, in today’s
world, brick is considered as one of the most thought after materials used in the construction of various
civil engineering structures. Nowadays, brick lifting machine is a machine which is used to lift brick from
one floor to another floor. The designing of the brick machine is on the basis of the design of the elevator
but the advancement and the work is done on reducing the power consumption and increasing the
efficiency of the lifting machine. Observation on this issue, there are a lot of problem of difficulty for lifting
bricks. The brick habit is quite heavy. Besides, the process of transferring bricks from the brick pallet to
the bonding place is difficult because of the large amount of bricks. This is because the distance from
the brick pallet to the brick bond is quite long and the brick is heavy to be lifted using exposed hands.
The objective of this study is to produce an Innovation of Brick Transporter for Building Construction and
to determine the physical performance of the Innovation of Brick Transporter in term of time, productivity
and safety. In this project, the materials that has been used are Mild Steel Hollow, Mild Steel Shaft,
Chain RS35, Bearing 6303Z, 12VDC Motor (Power Window), 12VDC Battery 7.2Ah and Rubber Wheel
(100mm Diameter) – Brake/Shivel. In the process of innovation, choosing the material are important as it
will directly affect the expected return on investments. Selecting the right material and printing
technology is even more difficult for engineers and manufacturers, first and foremost requirement is to
determine the application or the purpose. After the Innovation of Brick Transporter has been produced,
tests at site construction around Gombak has been done to determine the workability, safety and time
for this Innovation of Brick Transporter. Besides, a questionnaire also has been developed as one of
research instrument to obtain the support data to measure the physical performance, time taken, safety
and productivity of the product. The results have been analyzed and interpreted in graphs and pie chart.
As a conclusion, the objectives of this study are successfully achieved. The time taken using brick
transporting is faster than man power. Lastly, the brick transporter machine is safer and less risky for
injury based on HIRARC data. Therefore, this innovation can satisfy the industries demand as well as
can be commercialized once the product has been upgraded.

21

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

HYDRAULIC FOR PROBE MACKHINTOSH

AHMAD MUZZAMIL BIN MAT (17DKA18F2024)
MUHAMMAD HAIDY DARWISH BIN MOHD IZHAR (17DKA18F2032)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

RUHIL HAYATI BINTI JAAFAR

SYNOPSIS

In the world of construction such as buildings, highways, houses, bridges and so on must require very
thorough testing to ensure the safety of construction structures for a long period of time. Therefore, God
has endowed the mind to mankind to think for every twist of daily life. Thus, the result was an experiment
created by humans to identify every inch of the earth's surface. The Probe Marckhintosh test is an
experiment that can identify the type of soil and the hardness or softness of the soil that is below the soil
surface layer cannot be seen by the naked human eye. Probe Machintosh is an also method that has
been introduced to conduct studies on resistance at an early stage. It is one of the cheapest methods
and is often used for site investigation purposes. Probe Machintosh has a tool called Lifting handle which
this tool has to some extent made it difficult for students to use when trying to pull out the iron rod that
has been embedded while conducting field tests. With the hydraulic jack system, the work will be easier
because the hydraulic jack is able to remove the iron rod. A comparison is made of the time taken and
the experimental results between the existing lifting handle and the hydraulic jack for probe mackintosh.
Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that it will be commercialized and widely used and the
problems to researchers can be reduced indirectly can conduct experiments easily, quickly and safely.
Next, Soil strength can be define as ability of soil to bear the load applied to it. It is also commonly
related with major features such as soil cohesion and internal friction angle. Characteristics of soil
strength should be examined and studied to help the design of structural construction work, retaining
walls, and so on. One of the test used to perform for soil strength in used Mackintosh probe test. This
experiment has many advantages because it has already gained recognition from the construction world,
but there are also hidden shortcomings in this tool, namely (Hydraulic Jack for Probe Machintosh). This
tool is only to focus on 3 objectives with is, to sketch the hydraulic jack for probe mackintosh. To produce
new rod extractor tool that can reduce or minimize the human quantity and time taken while used it. To
compare between the new equipment and existing mackintosh probe equipment. (Lifting handle). After
going through various tests on the tool we created, we found that it is true that the tool (Hydraulic Jack
for Probe Machintosh) is able to add convenience to this soil test in the geotechnical laboratory. And with
God's permission we can achieve all three objectives. It is also, the purpose of method is to create the
hydraulic jack with an adjustable part. When it have adjustable part it easy to be use. The project design
is seems like equipment the conventional hydraulic jack, by the understanding it operation and
knowledge. Our hydraulic jack is only use in geotechnical laboratory.

22

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

THE EFFECT OF MELTED RUBBER CRUMBS WASTE TOWARDS PAVEMENT BLOCK COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH AND WATER ABSORPTION

CLEMENT A/L MARIADASS (17DKA18F2007)
DHARVIN A/L PERIYASAMY (17DKA18F2038)

(Diploma In Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

SITI NORZAEMAH BT MOHD RASHID

SYPNOSIS

One of the serious global waste problems are tires. There are studies done shows that about more than 1.5 billion tires
are being wasted each and every year in worldwide. Synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric, wire, carbon and other
chemical compounds are the materials that are used to make tires. A tire consists of a tread and a body. Tires are not
biodegradable so it doesn’t decay away naturally or vanish away. Furthermore, there are steel and rubber found in tires
that are easily reintegrated into manufacturing process at very minimal process. Apart from that, uses of recycled tires
have proved to be useful in the all over the global. It have proved that recycled tires is used in medical, agriculture,
sports, playgrounds, roadways, infrastructure, home and garden. One of the examples of usage of recycled tires is its
used in the playground as cushioning the children’s fall. And used in home gardens as substitute of flower pots.In
Malaysia, pavement blocks mostly used in side walk and compound plains. As we can see, old side walk is filled with
pavement block to give a new view of the side walk. Pavement block are made 100% by cement and sand which has
hard surface and may cause serious injuries if someone fall on it accidentally at the side walk. This pavement blocks had
already introduced in local market and now public are using it at many places such as housing area, gardening area and
more. Most of the time , Malaysian citizen will walk at sideways and some might have experience falling on it and get
injuries because of hard surface of the interlocking pavement blocks. The reason of the research are to study the ideal
ratio of pavement blocks with wasted tires as additive.To determine the compression strength and water absorption of
the pavement block with wasted tires as additive. To compare the pavement block with interlocking pavement block that
available in the market in term of strength and water absorption. The main materials used in this project are sand, rubber
granules and lubricant oil. Tires are collected from landfills and grinded to get rubber granules. It will be ensured that no
pollution is made during the process of burning the tire. Furthermore, the sand which are used in this project was
obtained from brick workshop, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah. And for the lubricant oil as in reused oil that are used in this
project was obtained from motorcycle repair shops. The test that are done in this project was compression strength and
water absorption. The purpose of the compression test is to determine the behaviour or response of a material while it
experiences a compressive load by measuring fundamental variables, such as strain, stress and deformation. To
determine the loading capacity of rubber and sand composite and also to evaluate the effects of sand on the
compressive strength of rubber paver block. And water absorption test on the bricks, conducted to determine the
properties of bricks such as degree of burning, quality and behaviour of bricks in weathering.

23

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

STUDY OF RHDPE PLASTIC AND CRUMB RUBBER AS BINDER MATERIAL IN ASPHALT
NUR AFIQAH NAJIHAH BT NOORIZHAM (17DKA18F2005)
ABDUL MUIZ BIN ABD RAJAK HAMIM (17DKA18F2036)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor
CHIA SOI LEE

SYNOPSIS
Roads plays an important role in various fields either in the economic, socio-cultural and national
integration of a country. The road is designed to make a traffic flow run smoothly and can
accommodate the load of the vehicle as to reduce the value of road accidents. However, not all
roads can last long. It can be damaged that caused by imperfect premix mix, the quality during
the pavement process, weather changes especially during the rainy season can weaken the
pavement structure and drainage system which causes water to stagnant and seep into the
pavement. It was occurs when part of the pavement materials breaks or detached and forms a
hole called pothole. Therefore, many studies on the strength of asphalt in flexible pavement by
mixing additive materials such as latex rubber, crumb rubber which is recycled rubber produced
from automotive and truck scrap tires. Besides that, there is also various types of plastics such as
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and others. In this study,
the RHDPE plastic and crumb rubber as a binder material are added in asphalt. The ratios of
RHDPE used are 4%, 6% and 8% while crumb rubber are 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of
bitumen. Bitumen content of 4%, 5% and 6% with a 60/70 penetration grade are used. Marshall
Stability was conducted to identify the durability of modified asphalt in term of to read the Specific
Density, Void in Mix, Void Filled with Bitumen, Stability, Flow and Stiffness.

24

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

IRON SUPPORT STAND BEAM

NUR SYAHIRAH AQILAH BINTI SUHAIMI (17DKA18F2046)
MUHAMAD ZIKRI BIN ABDULLAH (17DKA18F2058)

( Diploma in Civil Engineering )
Project Supervisor

PUAN SITI FARAH WAHIDA BINTI MOHAMED
SYNOPSIS

The fourth industrial revolution is and overarching industrial transformation that covers every
aspect of industries and economic activities including every aspect of living. It is a total
transformation of all sectors into new system and or way of life that will change the way we do
businesses. Construction sector thus has a great impact on socio-economic development of a
country. Malaysia recognized the importance of the construction sector since its independences in
1957 when the industry was low – teach, labour intensive crafts-based industry. Beams and
columns are two important types of structural elements that play a key role in creating a safe load
path to transfer the weight and forces on a structure to the foundations and into the ground. Beams
and could be built using the same shapes and materials but each serves a different function and is
designed differently. Beams are used to support the weight of floors, ceilings and roofs of a
building and to transfer the load to a vertical load bearing element of the structure. Sometimes
bigger and heavier beams called transfer beams are used to support the cumulative weight of
stacked walls or other beams and transfer the load to the supports. At construction sites often use
wood as beam holders. There are several weaknesses in wood that have been identified, that is
wood bring a hazard on the site after the construction end. In addition, wood is discarded and left
in the construction area and not reused. Therefore, the wood support stand is changed to an iron
support stand that is easy to operate by anyone working on a construction site that does not require
many workers and saves time. Iron support stand beam is used to support the formwork beam
during concrete casting work. It can be used for single story building which is standard height
3000mm to 3300mm. It also can be adjusted in height to hold the beam and then use an adjustable
to cover the surface of the beam holder on the beam.

25

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

THIN-SET SPREADING TOOL

NURIN JAZLINA HAMSATON (17DKA18F2014)
NUR SOLEHAH MAULAT ROHANI (17DKA18F2016)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor

IBRAHIM BIN MOHD ZULKIFLI
SYNOPSIS

In Malaysia, tile installation in one of the necessary things to do for a new building such as
installation of floor tile.Among the various types of tile, ceramic tile is the one of the most common
types of tile found in home because it is suitable for many applications and because of it is easy
maintenance, high load and reliable.Not just in Malaysia but in every country needs tile installation
for their house and for their home comfort.In order to make the installation works,we need
thinset,cement or adhesive to make sure the installation is good.The exist a tool called trowel or
spreader tool that can help tile installation. Later,people started to upgrade the spreader tool into an
easy using product to help people from work to hard for the installation which called a thinset
spreading tool.The idea of making a thin-set spreading tool comes from the original product.The idea
is to improvise the existing product by adding anything such convenience that can make thins
easier.We start of by researching about the existing product such as the advantages and the
disadvantages that people experience by using the tool.We decided to make this product as user
friendly as posible and as convenience as it can be.This product is an innovative product for tile
installation that are produced by using steel plate 1.6mm, hollow rod and workbench casters. For this
project the spreading tool size will be 30cm(w) x 40cm(l) x 15cm(h). Meanwhile 1cm(h) x 1cm(w) for
the trowel notch are supplied that will help with the thin set spreading. There will be rod that are
90cm long with two sided handles.Functioning of the workbench casters will help to move the
product easily.This product will be an efficient and easy-to use product that can help saves the time
for spreading the adhesive. This tool can be used for tiles from 8’ x 8’ up to 12’ x 12’ and the space of
500sq ft to 1200sq ft.This will determine whether it will helpful to the local worker or not.

26

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

FLOOR PARQUET BY USING DISPOSAL COCONUT SHELL AND WASTE WOOD
NADHIRAH BINTI ZULKIFLI (17DKA18F2012)

NIK SYAMIMI ATHIRAH BINTI NIK ZAIDI (17DKA18F2026)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor
NORASYIKIN BINTI YAAKUB
SYNOPSIS

Floor Parquet by Using Disposal Coconut Shell and Waste wood is a parquet that has been use new
materials in its manufacture by mixing wood ash and coconut shell powder. Both of these materials
are from used waste. This can prevent wastage because of that two materials are very easy to find
especially in the area near Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, Sabak Bernam. For this project, we have
mixed these two materials which is coconut shell powder and wood ash by using suitable glue so
that the two materials are firmly bonded together. After all the materials have been mixed and dried,
epoxy has been used as a finishing to make the parquet look neater. Not only that, epoxies are
thermoset plastics made by the reaction of two or more industrial chemical compounds. Epoxy resins
are used because of their toughness, strong adhesion, chemical resistance and other specialized
properties. The advantage of the product is not easy to scratch, more tidy and does not swell
because the surface of the product has been coated with epoxy compared to the existing products.

27

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SAND SIEVE VIBRATOR MACHINE
NUR FARZANA BINTI ARSAD (17DKA18F2020)
MUHAMMAD DHIA DANISH BIN ABDUL MANAF (17DKA18F2028)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor

SUZIELAHYATI BINTI YAHYA
SYNOPSIS

This study is about Sand Sieve Vibrator for filtering sand, rocks or impurities. The problem of
shortage of skilled workers and short time is a major problem in construction. The Sand Sieve
Vibrator is innovated to be easy to carry and does not require complicated methods or techniques. In
addition, this product operates automatically and can reduce labor and time for sand filtering. Tests
have been made to test the workability of the Sand Sieve Vibrator in terms of the time taken and the
weight of the filtered sand. Sand Sieve Vibrator is made of steel to increase productivity by filtering a
lot of sand in a short time. The findings showed that, within 2 minutes, the Sand Sieve Vibrator
product produced a sand weight of 8.9kg compared to the manual product of only 8.1 kg. In
conclusion, Sand Sieve Vibrator is a type of sand filter tools that easy to carry anywhere and easy to
use without the need for skilled manpower.

28

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WATER ABSORPTION OF CONCRETE INCORPORATING
SILICA FUME

RUZANAIZZATI BINTI MOHAMED ZAINUDIN (17DKA18F2030)
NURUL AMALIA BINTI MOHD TARMIZI (17DKA18F2044)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor

TS. CHAI TECK JUNG
SYNOPSIS

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement, fine aggregates (sand) and coarse
aggregate mixed with water which hardens with time. The high demand of cement in construction
field has turned the cement industry into a second largest producer of greenhouse gas that leads to
global warming as cement is an important material in construction. The use of by-product of
cementitious materials such as silica fume as mineral admixture is introduced as the partial
replacement of cement for construction field. Therefore, this study aims to determine the water
absorption and compressive strength of concrete incorporating silica fume. Silica fume was used as
partial replacement of cement based on cement weight percentage in three concrete mixture
consists of 0%, 10% and 15% of silica fume. The total of 9 concrete cubes was prepared which 3
samples of concrete mixture each series. All the specimens are subjected to air curing. Each series
concrete mixture consists of two samples for water absorption and compressive strength test at the
ages of 7 and 14 days. The results obtained indicates that 15% partial replacement of cement with
silica fume produced high compressive strength and lowest water absorption. The silica fume as
partial replacement for cement in producing concrete presented the opposite relationship between
compressive strength and water absorption.

29

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

ANTIBACTERIAL PAINT

MOHAMMAD ZAINULHAZIQ BIN ROSLANI (17DKA18F2018)
HAIQAL HAQIMI BIN EFFENDI (17DKA18F2060)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor
ROZILAILI BINTI MUSTAPA

SYNOPSIS
In a relatively market, manufacturers are increasingly seeking ways to differentiate their paint
products. Aside from vibrant new colour ranges, easy-clean promises and environmentally-friendly
ingredients, paint has evolved into a protective application as well as a feature enhancing substance.
Antibacterial paint additives are specific actives that can be introduced into a paint, coating, ink or
lacquer during the manufacturing process to make it resistant to microbes. In this product, it use
Neem oil for the additives because the research about neem has been focused on its versatile
biological activities, antifungal potential being one of them. Neem oil showed effective antifungal
activity against different types of fungi. It has many medicinal properties such as healing abilities,
antioxidant activity and more. It also considered as a safe medicinal plant having numerous
biological properties without any adverse effect. However, in order to achieve the success of this
product, objective are needed. Among the objectives are to produce antibacterial paint using organic
materials and to determine the antibaterial activity of the paint to make sure it is effective. Next, the
test is carried out using Immersion method by painting plywood with different mixture of paint and put
it into container that filled with 3 types of water which is raw water, rainwater and drainwater. As a
result, reaction of the paint against bacteria content in water can be observe by seeing the plywood.
All problems related to pollution will be overcome. Scientifically proven antibacterial paint additives
will provide lasting and effective protection against harmful bacteria, mould and fungi, ultimately
helping your paint or coating to minimise staining, bad odours and material degradation on any
surface it is applied to. For as long as the paint remains on that surface, microbes will struggle to
survive.

30

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

INNOVATIVE ADJUSTABLE PANEL DOOR
MOHAMAD HAZIMUDDIN BIN HAMDAN(17DKA18F2056)

MOHAMAD JEFFRI BIN AZHAR (17DKA18F2034)
(Diploma in Civil Engineering)
Project Supervisor

SITI NUREHAN BINTI OMAR & SUZIELAHYATI BINTI YAHYA
SYNOPSIS

This study is about Innovative Adjustable Panel Door for facilitate adjustment work during door
installation and finishing on the door. Nowadays, short of skilled manpower in Malaysia is a big
problem. For door installation, they use the traditional method (manual) which can only be operated
by a skilled craftsman assisted by one man to make door adjustment. In addition, it creates problems
when there are lack of time and manpower constraints on construction sites. This tool is innovated to
facilitate and save time to install the door without complicated methods and can be applied to non -
professional worker as well. This Innovative Adjustable Panel Door is operated by a mechanical
method which it can spin to facilitate door adjustment. Test have been made to test the workability of
tools in terms of the time taken by using this tools compare with traditional method. Testing on the
durability of tools in terms of load -bearing between doors. The test was be done by skilled craftsman
compare with a students. Hopefully, this Innovative Adjustable Door can help simplify the operation
of door installation and does not use a lot of manpower.

31

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

PONTOON CONCRETE USING STYROFOAM AND PLASTIC BOTTLE

MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKEEM BIN MOHD HILMI (17DKA18F2055)
NUR SYARAFANA BINTI MUSA (17DKA18F2022)

(Diploma in Civil Engineering)

Project Supervisor

AHMAD ZAIYAD BIN IDRUS

SYNOPSIS
Pontoon, one of a number of floats used chiefly to support a bridge, to raise a sunken ship, or to float
a hydroplane or a floating dock. Pontoons have been built of wood, of hides stretched over wicker
frames, of copper or tin sheet metal sheathed over wooden frames, of aluminium, and of steel. The
original and widespread use was to support temporary military bridges. At the same time the navy
developed box pontoons of light, welded steel for ship-to-shore bridges during landing operations.
These box pontoons could be assembled into bridges, docks, causeways and, by adding a motor,
into self-propelling barges. Permanent civilian pontoon bridges have been built where the water is
deep and the water level fairly constant or controllable, often also where the crossing is narrow or
where the bottom makes it difficult to sink piers. The modern permanent pontoon is composed of
many compartments, so that if a leak occurs in one compartment, the pontoon will not sink. The idea
of using plastic bottles and styrofoams in the pontoon concrete came from recycle program which is
reuse bottles and make it into something else. Plastic bottles and Styrofoam are light and has a
waterproof material which make it suitable to be use in pontoon concrete. Most pontoon concrete are
not following the standard of lightweight compressive strength. In this project, we include coarse
aggregate to make it stronger and at the same time it can float on water. With using plastic bottles
and Styrofoam in pontoon concrete, we can save environment by reuse bottle in this project and it
also can reduce the cost to make pontoon concrete. The first week of our cube test data average is
8.0 mPa which is higher than the past project which is 1.09 mPa. We can see that in this project, it
have greater compressive strength than the past project. The pontoon concrete’s aggregate weight
is 20.5 kg for 500mm length, 500 mm width and 100 height which is good because to make this
project can float on water is to make sure its weight is below 22.5 kg because if the pontoon
concrete is heavier than 22.5 kg, it will make the pontoon concrete’s density higher than the water
and thus it will sink.

32

SYNOPSIS

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING

33

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

THE STUDY ON SUGARCANE ASH PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN IN
SOIL IMPROVEMENT

JEZIMARTINA A/P XAVIER (17DAS18F2023) LOGA
NARASIMMAN A/L SEGAR (17DAS18F2009)

(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)

Project Supervisor

ENCIK HAFIZULHADI B.RAHIM

SYNOPSIS

Buildings and other built structures are moving all the time, but usually these movements are so small
as to be unnoticeable.Movement can be caused by defects,movement of the ground,
foundation failure, decay of the building fabric, and so on.If a structure is unable to accommodate this
movement, cracking is likely to occur. The appearance of distortions and cracks can be visually
unattractive and disconcerting for occupants, and if left untreated they can affect the integrity, safety
and stability of the structure.Valorisation of solid wastes in the manufacture of soil based building
materials is one of the several technically feasible and cost-effective solutions for waste
management.Thus,recycling or treatment of sugarcane ashes le ad s to ut i l i z ing th e nat u ra l
mate r ial s as an eco no m ic al an d environ m e nta l alternative.Sugarcane ash is one such solid
waste generated in huge quantities all around the world.Sugarcane ash is a readily available waste by-
product of the sugar-cane refining industry posing risks to environment.Sugarcane ash is a silica rich
material that can play the role of an effective pozzolan leading to enhanced pozzolanic reactions
resulting in better performing building materials.Furthermore,sugarcane ash not only has improved
performance in most of the cases but also has reduced the cost of the material.This study is intended
to provide an environmental solution for uncontrolled disposal of sugarcane ashes by way of recycling
the sugarcane ash and adding it in prefabricated vertical drain.Sugarcane ash is considered in this
investigation in order to evaluate the potential benefits of its pozzolanic material for stabilization of laterite
soil by adding it in vertical drains.Vertical drains or also known as wick drains are used to shorten the
dissipation path of the excess pore water and to accelerate the consolidation process to a few
months or even weeks when the PVD is placed at close center to center distance The preparation of
stabilized soil specimens was conducted by changing the sugarcane ash contents in vertical drain.This
project is an initiative that helps to increase the soil improvement and to decrease the excessive
amount of agriculture wastes that turns into solid waste which is thrown into landfill.The parameters that
have been tested in this project are time taken,moisture content of soil and rate of decline of brick
that used as preload.

34

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

GREYWATER STUDY FROM DIFFERENCE RESIDENTIAL AREA

NUR’ AISYAH BINTI AZMAN (17DAS18F2003)
NUR SAIYIDAH BINTI MOHAMED ALI (17DAS18F2007)

(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)

Project Supervisor

MOHD ZAMRI BIN JAMALUDIN

SYNOPSIS

Wastewater generated from households is categorized into two types, greywater and black water,
greywater constituting the largest flow. Greywater refers to the household wastewater generated from
showers, washing machines, bathroom sinks excluding toilet wastes, and that it has low pathogenic
and organic contaminants. The greywater from residential apartment accounts for 50 – 70 per cent.
The composition of greywater varies greatly according to its origin (i.e., bathroom, laundry or kitchen
greywater) and is influenced by the water quality of the locality. A variety of contaminants including
acidic and alkaline substances, suspended and dissolved solids, fats, oil and grease, heavy metals,
synthetic chemicals and pathogenic organisms are likely to be present in greywater. The organic
fractions in greywater is around 30 per cent, while the nutrient fraction constitute 9 – 20 per cent.
Heavy metals, xenobiotic compounds, nitrates, phosphates, quaternary ammonium compounds
(QUATS) were reported as contaminants in greywater. Our objective for this study is first to
determine greywater from residential area at Taman Sungai Kapar Indah, Taman Balkis and Taman
Plumbum and second is to determine activity contribute to the quality of greywater from residential
area at Taman Sungai Kapar Indah, Taman Balkis and Taman Plumbum. Therefore, greywater that
we took to make an experiment is from three different residential area, which are first, is Taman
Sungai Kapar Indah, klang next is Taman Balkis, Melaka and last is Taman Plumbum, Shah Alam.
These three greywater taken in different residential area have different values regardless of physical
characteristic or chemical characteristic. Next for laboratory analysis, we have did the experiment on
three greywater with different parameters. The first parameters that we used in this greywater
experiment was Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), second is Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Third is
Ammonia Nitrogen, fourth is Phosphate and last is Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The unit of these 5
parameters was in mg/l. All these experiment were done in the environmental laboratory of Sultan
Idris Shah Polytechnic. Next, to find out the causal factors why these three greywater from different
residential area have different values of each parameter, we have created a questionnaire for each
residential area. Each residential area was given 40 pieces questionnaires and the questions in the
questionnaire were of course related to greywater.

35

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

MOBILE OIL FILTRATION SYSTEM DEVICE

MUHAMMAD ALIF IKRAM BIN SULAIMAN (17DAS18F2018)
MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN MOHD ZAIDI (17DAS18F2002)

MUHAMMAD NAZRUL HISYAM BIN AHMAD ABU SHAH (17DAS18F2025)
(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)

Project Supervisor

KHAIROOL ANWAR BIN ALIAS

SYNOPSIS

Waste water in terms of excess oil in water has caused water pollution. The presence of oil in the
water will cause serious effects on the environment because the characteristics of water will change.
The spreading of the oil over the surface of the water. Most oil is less dense than water, so when oil
spills, it spreads across the water surface. Oil spreads very quickly, with lighter oils. Thus, the creation
of filters can reduce oil pollutants in water using a rice husk, activated carbon and polypropylene
cotton. Rice husks are efficient absorbers for oil since they possess high porosity and reactive surface
functionalities. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the production of adsorbents from
agricultural wastes for oil clean up. Thus, rice husks may be also a suitable source for obtaining
valuable adsorbent material with high specific surface area and large pore volume. After that,
Activated Carbon is a microporous material that is predominantly amorphous solid with highly
adsorption capacity which was exploited in many different liquid and gas phase applications.
Activated carbon has slightly positive charges ions from the contaminants that were attractive to
contaminants. When a liquid or gas passes over the positively charged surface of the carbon, the
negatively charged ions from contaminants are attracted to the surface of the carbon. The ease of
regeneration of carbon gives it an added advantage of making it economical and this significantly
reduces the cost of the filtration process. Polypropylene Cotton cost is an effective and appropriate
method for reducing contamination in the water. It is easy to replace and can be used anywhere.
These substances can absorb oil in the water and also can reduce water pollution. The parameter
values that are taken in this study are pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), oil and grease and temperature. This is because the water needs to be tested before
released into the water bodies to determine that this filter is suitable to do the filtration process. All the
parameters have to follow the national water quality standard for Malaysia. In the end of study, the
parameter to be evaluated must be different from the parameter before it goes through the filter. If
there are initiatives to use this filter, the possibility that oil pollution in the water bodies will be more
serious and this will put aquatic life in danger and the cost of water treatment will increase.

36

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM BEEF TALLOW

NUR WAJIHAH BINTI ABUL KASSIM (17DAS17F1059)
NAZATUL AKMA BINTI ROSLEE (17DAS18F2004)
NUR ASHEYKA BINTI MAHBAT (17DAS18F2010)
(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)

Project Supervisor

MOHD SAIFUL HADI BIN MD YUSOFF
SYNOPSIS

In Malaysia, the demand for livestock and meat products has continued to grow strongly as meat
consumption per capita increases. This industry has been an important and integral component of the
agriculture sector, contributing about 19.2 % to the total food sector agriculture value added and
export earnings. Animal fats with high acid value and fat-containing floating sludge generated in
wastewater treatment plants are subject to environmental concern due to their high pollutant
potential. Therefore, conversion of low quality lipid-rich sources from slaughterhouses into
commercial grade biodiesel remains as an opportune strategy for minimizing environmental damages
while it can help meeting the energetic challenge. In recent years, there is growing interest in
biodiesel for use as additive or substitute to petroleum-based diesel fuel. Efforts addressed for many
countries focusing into biodiesel technology have been supported likewise by the renewability
concept, technical characteristics, and environmental benefits. Chemically, biodiesel is a mixture of
long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters obtained from renewable feedstock, such as vegetable oil or animal
fats, for use in compression ignition engines. Recently, biodiesel has become more attractive
because it is biodegradable and non-toxic in nature, environmentally friendly and derived from
renewable resources. It can also be produced from any material that contains fatty acids, either linked
to other molecules or present as free fatty acids. Increasing demand for biodiesel predicted for the
coming decades could lead to food shortages. Hence, in order to overcome the energy balance as
well as minimizing competition between food and fuel segments by the same feedstock,
investigations have been conducted worldwide with non-edible oils and lipid wastes. Although those
oils are preferred to supply biodiesel demand, studies have also shown that animal fat wastes are
suitable biomass resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conversion of beef
tallow from HS Nada Farm into methyl esters by alkali-catalyzed trans esterification. Suitable
procedure was applied in the production of biodiesel and biodiesel produced was characterized
following parameters established by Standard Specifications of Biodiesel in Malaysia.

37

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

PRODUCTION OF BIO-ENZYME BY USING ORANGE PEEL AND YEAST FOR
WASTEWATER TREATMENT

SITI NURUL NAJIHA BINTI MOHD YUSOF (17DAS18F2021)
SITI NORAFIQAH BINTI MOHD NASUDIN (17DAS18F2027)

SITI NOR SUZILA BINTI ABD RANI (17DAS18F2026)
(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)
Project Supervisor
MOHD ZAMRI BIN JAMALUDDIN
SYNOPSIS

The use of bio-enzymes can be used to effectively treat wastewater. Bio-enzymes, often known as
trash enzymes or garbage enzymes, are distinct from other enzymes produced by live cells or
microorganisms, such as fruit enzymes. The fermentation process produces mineral salts, organic
acids, alcohol, and natural chains of protein and enzymes by using selected microorganisms such
as yeast. Bio Enzyme were made from brown sugar, citrus fruits peels, and water. Citrus fruit peels
which is orange peel contain carbohydrates in the form of sugars, sucrose, glucose, and fructose.
Organic acid is also present in citrus fruit peels, such as citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic
acid. The organic acids help to convert carbohydrates to alcohol and brown sugar is loaded with
antioxidants and minerals like zinc and selenium. Yeast is used to converting sugar, starch, glucose
into alcohol and produce carbon dioxide gas. The objectives of this research is to determine the
effectiveness bio-enzyme in treating wastewater and to compare the potential of bio-enzyme with
different concentration which is different dosage of bio-enzyme with yeast that and comparing it with
sample without aeration and with aeration. This study was conducted to see the effectiveness of Bio-
Enzyme with the presence of yeast as an additive whether able to reduce contaminant. This Bio-
Enzyme is used with different dosages of 10% and 15%. Next with aeration for 4 hours and without
aeration for a day. The method performed in this study to the lake to study the presence of total
suspended solids (TSS), Ammonia Nitrogen and Phosphate.

38

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

SOLAR DRYING RACK

NUR SYAZANA BINTI AHMAD SYAHARUDIN (17DAS18F2020)
NURIN ATHIRAH BINTI HASSAN (17DAS18F2008)

FATIN NURIZZAH BINTI MOHD NOR (17DAS18F2019)
(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)
Project Supervisor
NOOR FARAHIN BINTI BAIN
SYNOPSIS

Drying is an excellent way to preserve food and solar food dryers are an appropriate food
preservation technology. In addition, solar drying is one of the oldest agricultural techniques related
to fruits preservation. Drying preserves fruits by removing enough moisture from food to prevent
decay and spoilage. Successful drying depends on enough heat to draw out moisture when drying
the fruits, the key is to remove moisture as quickly as possible at a temperature that does not
seriously affect the flavor, texture and color of the fruits. If the temperature is too low in the
beginning, microorganisms may grow before the fruit is adequately dried. If the temperature is too
high and the humidity too low, the fruits may harden on the surface. This makes it more difficult for
moisture to escape and the fruit does not dry properly. Sun is often used to provide the hot dry air.
Dry, clean air including dry cold air from any source will dehydrate fruits. The idea for the rack is
comes from the farmers who dry their food without any protector, therefore by upgrade the
technology which is still maintains by used the old method of open sun drying. Solar Drying Rack is
drying product for dry any food likes fruits and vegetable, it also easy to carry anywhere because it’s
a portable rack which is can open and close and it has 4 level of shelves. Besides that, the material
that used in this rack is steel for the body, and the frame is from greenhouse plastic which is it’s a
transparent plastic so it can absorb more sunlight and dry more quickly, then for make it easy to
moving anywhere is by used casters wheel and paint are used for make the rack it more attractive.
Next, oranges are a food that used in this experiment to find out validity of each rack. In addition, to
compare the difference validity between solar drying rack and direct open sun is by used 1L tap
water for inside and outside the rack. Lastly for the method that used to find moisture content of
oranges is by used method of moisture content %.

39

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BIODEGRADABLE DRINKING STRAW FROM RICE STRAW AND SUGARCANE
BAGASSE

NORATIKAH BINTI MOHAMAD (17DAS18F2030)
NURFAKHIRA BINTI RIZUWAN (17DAS18F2029)
FIONA JESSIE JAMES PILONG (17DAS18F2024)

(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)
Project Supervisor

SITI ARINAH BINTI SANAT
SYNOPSIS

In Malaysians use up about 31 million plastic straws every day, based on conservative estimates, and
these would likely end up in landfills. Asia’s worst ocean polluters analysis shows that Malaysians are
categorized as the biggest individual consumers. This clearly shows that plastic is one of the most
problematic pollutant because plastic straws are not biodegradable. Instead, it breaks down into small
pieces called micro plastics. These micro plastics keep accumulating in the oceans for example wildlife
like sea turtles, sea birds and marine mammals die every years and overall ecosystem it is affect
highly harmful to the sea animals. However, the most plastic straws simply break into ever-smaller
particles, releasing chemicals into the soil, air, and water. In addition to plastic straws used in
restaurants, food courts or hawker stalls in Malaysia may not be safe for the environment in the long
run with excessive use resulting in large amounts of plastic waste. No matter how people actually used
it for good purposes or otherwise, the number of plastic usage contributes to massive problems
especially to the environment and health. Therefore, to overcome this problem, biodegradable straws
as alternatives to plastic straw options. The use of biodegradable straw, in the face of such changes.
This project or study is carried out in order to solve the environmental problem regarding plastic straw
usage.

40

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

STUDY OF BIO-PLASTIC FROM LEMON PEELS, COFFEE AND DATES SEED

AZIM IKHWAN BIN MUHAIYITDIN (17DAS18F2011)
MUHAMMAD ZULFAQAR BIN MOHAMAD NOR (17DAS18F2013)

MUHAMMAD IMRAN BIN WASRI (17DAS18F2022)
(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)
Project Supervisor
NUR SHUHADA BT ARBAAN
SYNOPSIS

Plastic pollution has reached alarming levels around the world, causing major threats to marine life
and the well-being of coastal communities. Every year, between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes of plastic
enter the ocean, the most bulk of which spills into the Indian and Pacific oceans, where numerous
coastal-lands and countries are located (World Wildlife Fund Malaysia, 21 September 2020). It is
obvious that plastic pollution is a huge problem that will have disastrous consequences
for marine life. The use of bioplastics to replace conventional plastics could be viewed as a
solution to the current plastic pollution problem. The goal of this study is to create bioplastic using
lemon peels, coffee, and dates seed. Bioplastics made from lemon peels, coffee, and dates seed are
an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, which are thought to be the key to enhancing the
plastics industry's efficiency. Glycerol and gelatin are used to boost the qualities of bioplastic because
they have a high appeal to water-tightness. The effects of glycerol on the characteristics of
bioplastics made from lemon peels, coffee, and dates seed are also being studied to
determine whether it may be utilized as a replacement for non-biodegradable plastics. This project
is being carried out in a Sultan Idris Shah Polytechnic laboratory, applying all of the
procedures outlined in the article to produce a mix of the products. The durability of the
bioplastics produced will be determined by the results of three tests: biodegradation, moisture
content and a burning test.

41

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BOTANICAL PESTICIDE IN THE FORM OF PEPPERMINT & CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL
ENCAPSULATED IN SODIUM ALGINATE

PUVENASWARI D/O ANNAMALAI (17DAS18F2017)
MUHAMMAD AMZAR DARWISH BIN MOHD NAZOMI (17DAS18F2001)

MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN SUZAILI (17DAS18F2012)

(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)

Project Supervisor

KHAIROOL ANWAR BIN ALIAS

SYNOPSIS

Vegetables play an important role in balanced nutrition in our daily meals. To consume the
vegetables there are some obstacles in it which is the insect pest. Insect species destroy the
vegetable in the aspect of quantity and quality of the vegetables. To overcome this obstacle,
pesticide was introduced. Most of the pesticide used are made from chemicals. This type of pesticide
is called chemical pesticide or synthesized pesticide. It works efficiently but it pollutes the soil as well
as the surrounding environment. This type of pollution is called pesticide pollution. Besides that,
humans especially the farmers who works with the pesticide are also affected by the side effect. For
example, they can get skin cancer when they use the pesticide for a long time. This is the time
whereby the botanical pesticide is introduced as an alternative of chemical pesticide. Botanical
pesticide is naturally occurring chemicals extracted from plants. It is much safer to use in the aspect
of human health, the soil condition as well as the environment. Although it is safe to use, but when it
is exposed to light, oxygen and heat, the pesticide degrades easily. This is because botanical
pesticide in the form of plant essential oil. Oil will begin to change its composition and degrades
easily when it is exposed to sunlight. Now, here our project begins. To make the botanical pesticide
works efficiently we used the encapsulation method to protect the essential oil from being degrading
easily. Encapsulation conserves and protects essential oils from outside aggression, but also allows
for controlled release, which is useful for applications in agronomy. So, to protect the essential oil,
there will be a wall surrounding the essential oil in this encapsulation process. For the wall, we used
the sodium alginate. Sodium alginate is the combination of alginic acid and metals such as sodium.
For the essential oil, we used the peppermint and clove essential oil. Both types of essential oil work
really well on killing and repelling pest from attacking the vegetables. For the encapsulation process,
there are many techniques that can be used but we used the emulsification process. Emulsification is
the process of dispersing two or more immiscible liquids together to form a semi stable mixture. In
food applications, these two liquids generally consist of an organic (oil) phase and an aqueous
(water) phase that is stabilized by the addition of a food-grade emulsifier (surfactant). We used the
Tween 80 as the surfactant in the emulsification process.

42

DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

POTENTIAL MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS, TAMARIND SEEDS AND SESAME
SEEDS AS BIOCOAGULANT

NABILLA ANNISA BINTI DARUS (17DAS18F2005)
NUR ALIAH SOFIAH BINTI AZMAN (17DAS18F2006)
NORISHA ELEZZA BINTI SUKAMIL (17DAS18F2032)

(Diploma in Environmental Engineering)
Project Supervisor

AZZAH SYAHMINA BINTI AZMAN
SYNOPSIS

Water is the most important element to ecosystems and without it human cannot survive. Water is
essential for domestic activity such as drinking, bathing, washing and also plays important roles in
commercial and industrial activity. Contaminated water can cause several problems towards human
health and water need to be treated well before being supply to consumer. The process of coagulant
and flocculation is a common method used in water treatment plant process which is involved used
of chemical that may have negative impact towards human health. Aluminum is acutely toxic to
humans despite the widespread occurrence of this element in foods, drinking water and many
antacid preparations (WHO 1998). It has been hypothesized that aluminum exposure is a risk factor
for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in humans (WHO 1998). “Based on Health Canada 1996, water
treated with aluminum salts contain forms of soluble aluminum, which is a prevalent bioavailable
source ingested by humans”. This study aim to investigate the potential and to compare the
effectiveness of biocoagulant from Moringa Oleifera Seeds, Tamarind Seeds and Sesame Seeds in
removal of turbidity from wastewater. All the biocoagulant were extracted using distilled water and the
jar test procedure were applied during experimental activity. The result show all the biocoagulant
used in this project have differ potential and efficiency in removal of turbidity from wastewater.

43

ORGANISING COMMITEE

CHAIRMAN
Dr. Mazura Binti Mansor

PROGRAM ADVISOR
Pn. Saedah Johnny Noakes

PROGRAM MANAGER
Pn. Siti Farah Wahida Binti Mohamed (DKA)

En. Khairool Anwar Bin Alias (DAS)

PROGRAM DIRECTOR I
Pn. Fauziah Binti Aziz

DEPUTY PROGRAM DIRECTOR I DEPUTY PROGRAM DIRECTOR II
En. Mohammad Fauzi Bin Che Pa En. Mohd Zamri Bin Jamaluddin

SECRETARY I SECRETARY II
Pn. Siti Nadia Binti Muhammad Samsuddin Pn. Wan Nurhazirah binti Kamaruzaman

FINANCE
Pn. Suzielahyati Binti Yahya

SEMINAR PRESENTATION & PANEL INVITATION & LIAISON PUBLICITY & PUBLICATION
EVALUATION OFFICER
Pn. Zawani Binti Abu Rais (K)
Pn. Rozilaili binti Mustapa (K) En. Anuar bin Abdul Wahab (K) Pn. Nursyima Nadiah Binti
Pn. Ruhil Hayati Binti Jaafar Pn. Uzana Binti Ismail Abu Bakar
En. Mohd. Saiful Hadi Bin Md Pn. Jamaliah Binti Jabar
Yusoff En. Ibrahim Bin Mohd Zulkifli
Dr. Zamsalwani Binti Zamri Dr. Rufaizal Bin Che Mamat
PLACE PREPARATION,
Pn. Azzah Syahmina Binti Azman SOUVENIR AND CERTIFICATION MULTIMEDIA & CLEANLINESS

FOOD & BANQUET Pn. Syakiroh Binti Mohd. En. Ismail bin Mohd Ali (K)
Taufik (K) En. Mohd Nubli Shahmi
En. Hafizulhadi Bin Rahim (K)
Pn. Shawalrina Binti Zainal Abidin En. Awangku Isma Muzafar Bin
SAFETY AND HEALTHINESS Cik Syarifah Anis Aqila Binti Syed Pengiran Bagul

En. Noorhadi Bin Jailani (K) Nasir En. Mohd Izuddin Bin Mahmood
Ts. Chai Teck Jung

44

POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
SUNGAI LANG 45100 SUNGAI AIR TAWAR
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
TEL ; 03-3280 6200
FAX ; 03-3280 6400
http://www.psis.edu.my/