POCKET REVISION BIOLOGY Form 5 Genetic Technology CHAPTER 13 Author: MOHAMAD KHATAMI BAIZU Clear,Concise & Compact !
Acknowledgement Bismillah, First and foremost. I would like to praise and thank to Allah for giving me strength to accomplish this Lesson Book for Biology students form 5.Without His permission,i wouldn't have gone this far.I am hereby also want to thank to myself for putting efforts and cooperation to fulfill this task. Therefore,i would like to acknowledge with a million thank to my lecturer Madam Norezan Binti Ibrahim teaching me SCE551 subject because without her guidance,my assignment cannot be done completely.She always supports and guide me from a to z in order to produce a good final product for this task. Last but not least,i would like to thank to University Teknologi Mara (UITM) Puncak Alam for giving us opportunity to produce this type of written assignment which is really beneficial for future use.Finally in honorable mention goes to my friends for supporting and evaluating my Lesson Book so that the clear,concise and compact notes could be produced. Thank You. Chapter 13:Genetic Technology i Printed by:NZ Print Design Published on:28 January 2023
Preface This lesson book was created based on Biology Form 5 textbook and following the Dokumen Standard Kurikulum Pentaksiran (DSKP) provided by organization in Education System in Malaysia.This revision book is created to help learners to understand more about the topic discussed here.Through this revision book,learners can analyse the subtopic and the contents easily and could help them in preparing for an examination. This book is written by a qualified author Mohamad Khatami Bin Baizu, a student from Bachelor of Science Education (Hons.) Biology. In producing this book,the author has cited a few references from either websites or another book sources that contain materials which can be included in this book.The author does not hold any responsible for the contents used in the websites or referred books. Chapter 13:Genetic Technology ii
Table of Content Chapter 13:Genetic Technology Acknowledgement i Preface ii 13.1 Genetic Engineering i.Genetic Engineering & Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) 1 13.1.1 Genetic Modified Organisms (GMO) 1 13.1.2 Genetic Modified Food (GMF) 2 13.1.3 Application of GMO in Life 3-4 13.2 Biotechnology 13.2.1Definition Biotechnology 5 13.2.2 Types of Biotechnology 6 13.2.3 Application & Importance of Biotechnology in Life 7-14 Activity -Activity 13.1 15 -Activity 13.2 15 -Activity 13.3 15 References 16 iii
1 Learning Outcomes At the end of the topic,students should be able to: 1.Define Genetic Engineering,Genetically Modified Oganisms (GMO),Genetically Modified Food (GMF) and Biotechnology. 2.Recognize the types of Biotechnology 3.Illustrate the Advantages and Disadvantages of GMF 4.Interpret the Application of GMO and Biotechnology in life Genetic Engineering Is a gene manipulation technique to modify an organism’s genetic material to produce new combination of genes. Genetic Modified Organisms (GMO) An organism such as animal, plant or microorganism that is produced by recombinant DNA technology GMO in cows produced milk with no β-lactoglobulin that causes allergic. Source:Textbook Form 5 Source:Textbook Form 5 GMO in goat possesses the gene that codes for blood clot in human and can be used to treat haemophilic patients Scan me to get more info ! Chapter 13.1: Genetic Engineering
Chapter 13:Genetic Technology 2 Disadvantages * Endangered natural species * Possibility of foreign gene in GMF is transferred to human * May have an adverse effect on human health and genetic material Genetic Modified Food (GMF) An organism that is produced by recombinant DNA technology that give many beneficial varieties of crops such as (pineapple,corn) and livestock (salmon,cattle & goat) Charateristics Advantages * Overcome worldwide food shortage by producing high quality transgenic crops and livestock * Reduce cost of food production * Increase nutritional value of crops * Reduce problems of crops related to pests Sources of picture:Google Is it safe to use GMF ? Resistant to pest Resistant to disease Tolerance to heavy metals Resistant to herbicides
Chapter 13.1: Genetic Engineering 3 Insulin You have already learnt about the concept of Homeostasis of regulating blood glucose level.Insulin is an important hormone which control blood glucose level.In the older days,insulin was extracted from the pancrease of cattle or pigs to treat diabetes melitus patients. Nowadays,insulin can be commercially produced by genetic engineering for patients with diabetes melitus.Besides insulin,other sucesses of genetic engineering include hepatitis B vaccine,blood clotting factor and growth hormone. Do you know that Insulin Therapy isn’t a cure for Diabetes but just a natural approach for treating diabetes ? Sources of picture:Google
4 Figure 13.1 Human insulin production by genetic engineering Sources of picture:Google There are many examples of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and genetically modified food (GMF) which have been produced by genetic engineering. Can you make a list of other GMO and GMF to human & Enviroment ? Carry out activity 13.1 to obtain further information on this issue. Chapter 13.1: Genetic Engineering
13. 2 Biotechnology Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology 5 Biotechnology is a field which utilises technology or method to manipulate organisms for the production of biological products. Biotechnology aims to improve the quality of livestock and crops as well as to develop the application of microorganisms for specific purposes.Since biotechnology involves various disciplines of science, therefore each discipline that involves the use of living organisms for a specific purpose is given a specific colour code as shown in Figure 13.3 in the next slide. Although ten biotechnology activities are identified,the main ones are the green, white, yellow and blue biotechnology activities. Do you know the meaning of each biotechnology colour? Biotechnology aims to improve the quality of livestock and crops as well as to develop the application of microorganisms for specific purposes.Since biotechnology involves various disciplines of science, therefore each discipline that involves the use of living organisms for a specific purpose is given a specific colour code as shown in Figure 13.3 in the next slide. Although ten biotechnology activities are identified,the main ones are the green, white, yellow and blue biotechnology activities. Do you know the meaning of each biotechnology colour? Can you guess the answer ? Further reading ! Source of Picture:Google
6 Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology TYPES of Biotechnology Medicine and Human Health Marine Biotechnology Environmental Biotechnology Law,Ethics and Philosophy Food and Nutrition Bioterrorism,biological werfare Bioinformatics,computer science Biotechnology of desserts and dry regions Improving agriculture products Industrial process involving microorganisms Do you know we human have 99.9% same DNA with each other?
Application of Biotechnology 7 Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology Gene Theraphy DNA Profiling Production of Insect Tolerant Plants Cleaning oil spills Source of Picture:Google
8 GENE THERAPY Gene therapy is used to treat or prevent genetic diseases. In gene therapy, a normal gene is inserted into the patient to replace the abnormal gene (Figure 13.4). The diseases that can be cured by gene therapy are cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy and a few types of cancer. Figure 13.2 Basic steps in gene therapy Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology Source of Picture:Google
9 DNA PROFILING DNA profiling is a technique used in forensic to identify individuals, based on their DNA.This is due to the fact that an individual’s DNA is unique, except between identical twins. A human DNA set is different from animals. An individual can be identified based on the DNA obtained from his/her blood,semen (for male) or skin. Figure 13.5 shows a few applications of DNA profiling. Application of DNA Profiling Identify Criminals Settle paternity and maternity dispute Identify genetic disease Determine the suitability of Organ donor and recepient Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology Figure 13.3 Application of DNA Profiling
10 Figure 13.4 Steps used in DNA Profiling Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology Steps Let’s find out ! Source of Picture:Google
11 Farming cotton breed with high yield and resistant to pests such as Bt cotton (Table 13.2) in cotton farms has reduced the use of pesticides. The Bt crop is injected with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a type of soil bacteria that secretes toxins (Figure 13.7). This effort has saved cost by reducing the use of pesticides and also increases cotton yield. Besides cotton, other Bt crops are corn and brinjal. Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology PRODUCTION OF INSECT TOLERANT PLANTS Source of Picture:Google Bt cotton Normal cotton Non-Bt Brinjal Bt Brinjal Bt Corn Non-Bt Corn
12Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology CLEANING OIL SPILL Source of Picture:Google Alcanivorax borkumensis Bioremediation is a method which uses bacteria to clean up environmental pollutants. It is effective to treat oil spillage in the ocean. Most molecules in crude oil and purified oil products can be degraded by bacteria. For example, Alcanivorax borkumensis (Photograph 13.7), a type of bacteria that depends on oil for its source of energy is widely used to treat oil spills. Can you state the advantages of this bioremediation ? Scan me to get more info !
13Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology Source of Picture:Google The field of biotechnology has developed rapidly in Malaysia and has improved human lives in both developing and developed countries. Have you ever heard of the first clone sheep called Dolly? IMPORTANCE of Biotechnology Biotechnology is often associated with agriculture, industry, nutrition, medicine and other fields. Rapid development in biology and technology has replaced the old methods with the current and sophisticated approaches in producing many types of products that benefit humans. Besides contributing to increase the yields in food, agriculture and medicine, biotechnology also improves a country’s economy specifically in the industrial sector.
14Chapter 13.2 : Biotechnology Source of Picture:Google • Produce the best livestock and crop breeds. The tissue culture method and cloning technique have expedited plant reproduction. • Produce paddy varieties which give more yield and mature faster. • Animal cloning enables mass reproduction and produces disease-resistant clones. AGRICULTURE MEDICINE • Reduce risk of mental disease. • Prevent specific diseases such as cancer and inherited diseases. • Human with dwarf genetics can have normal children. • Assist mothers with difficulty to conceive. FORENSIC • Can identify criminal based on tissue or body fluid such as blood, semen, skin or hair follicle.
15 ACTIVITY
16 1. Nick Barney, S. L. (2021, November Monday). WhatIs.com. Retrieved from Tech Target: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/biotechnology#:~:text=Biotechnology%20is%20the%20 use%20of,and%20the%20discovery%20of%20fermentation. 2. Andrew, T. (2019). Conserve Energy Future. Retrieved from What is Biotechnology: Types, Examples, Branches and Applications: https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/biotechnology-types-examplesapplications.php 3. Burnew, A. (2021, December Tuesday). BYJU'S. Retrieved from Why Is Biotechnology Important To Humans?: https://byjus.com/biology/why-is-biotechnology-important-to-humans/ 4. Gord, M. (2023, January Monday). Britannica. Retrieved from Biotechnology: https://www.britannica.com/technology/biotechnology 5. Jarvik, R. (2022, February 28). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from Medline Plus: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/genetherapy/ 6.Ministry of Education Malaysia (Director). (2019). Biology form 4 KSSM (0177 ed., Vols. 978-967-2250- 83-8). Mustread Sdn. Bhd 1. Nick Barney, S. L. (2021, November Monday). WhatIs.com. Retrieved from Tech Target: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/biotechnology#:~:text=Biotechnology%20is%20the%20 use%20of,and%20the%20discovery%20of%20fermentation. 2. Andrew, T. (2019). Conserve Energy Future. Retrieved from What is Biotechnology: Types, Examples, Branches and Applications: https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/biotechnology-types-examplesapplications.php 3. Burnew, A. (2021, December Tuesday). BYJU'S. Retrieved from Why Is Biotechnology Important To Humans?: https://byjus.com/biology/why-is-biotechnology-important-to-humans/ 4. Gord, M. (2023, January Monday). Britannica. Retrieved from Biotechnology: https://www.britannica.com/technology/biotechnology 5. Jarvik, R. (2022, February 28). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from Medline Plus: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/genetherapy/ 6.Ministry of Education Malaysia (Director). (2019). Biology form 4 KSSM (0177 ed., Vols. 978-967-2250- 83-8). Mustread Sdn. Bhd REREFENCES