FELS-US2021_Abstract Book

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

ABSTRACT BOOK FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Prof. Madya Dr. Salina Muhamad
Ts. Dr. Norazean Shaari
Ts. Dr Hasliza Abu Hassan
Ts. Hazmin Mansor
Dr Nazlin Hanie Abdullah
Ts. Dr Siti Hasmah Mohtar
Mohd Fadzli Ahmad
Dr Saibah Siregar
Dr Norazlina Idris
Hasdianty Abdullah
Nurhafizah Ibrahim

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WELCOME MESSAGE FROM
PRESIDENT AND VICE CHANCELLOR OF UNISEL

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

WELCOME MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh,

As the Dean of Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences
(FELS), it is an honor for me to have the opportunity to welcome
all the participants to the 1st Faculty of Engineering and Life
Sciences Undergraduate Symposium 2021 (FELS-US 2021).
Congratulation to the organizing committees for organizing the
event and making sure it is a successful one. With the theme
‘Emerging Science and Engineering towards Future Global
Challenge’, this symposium will give us opportunity to diversify
the application of science for the benefits of our future
generations. We hope the program will gives an exposure to the final year bachelor’s student
on the research and publication and will subsequently inculcate the good research culture
among them.

This symposium takes place in a unique manner which after the global situation of
Covid-19 pandemic, we are all required to communicate through a virtual forum. The pandemic
has brought us a new challenge, as we cannot physically gather face to face for a symposium,
thus why we are required to go online today in-line with the context of new norm.

In a complexity and urgency of current global situation, there are no stopping national
boundaries of pandemics, natural disaster, water shortage, increasing sea levels that cause flood
and food security. Cross-border coordination and shared resources are needed to address certain
issues thus anticipation of science and technologic advances is a demand. By hosting ‘FELSUS
2021’, it shows that we are committed in providing a platform to bring experts, researchers and
graduates to share ideas, knowledge and research findings in the steppingstone for the future
global challenge of science and engineering.

Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all invited speakers, presenters
and participants for your contribution and dedication. I would like to say thank you to all the
organizing committee for their endless effort to ensure the program is conducted successfully.
Wishing all the best and may all of you enjoy this intellectual engaging symposium.

Thank you.

Regards,

ASSOC. PROF. DR. FRIDELINA SJAHRIR
Dean
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences (FELS), UNISEL

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WELCOME MESSAGE FROM PROGRAM FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
DIRECTOR UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and greetings,
It is a great privilege for me to extend my warmest welcome to all of you
for joining our first Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences
Undergraduate Symposium 2021 (FELS-US 2021). First, I would like to
extend my heartiest gratitude to the organizing committees who are
putting together tremendous effort to pull this event for making this event
a success. This is the first symposium was organized for our
undergraduates to showcase their final year research findings and share
research ideas as well as socialize with fellow students and lecturers.
Following the global situation of Covid-19 pandemic, this symposium is held in a very special way
where all of us meet via a virtual platform. We all know that the pandemic has posed a new challenge
to all of us where we are unable to meet face to face and most of the social activities are forced to be
conducted online. The world is going through a fundamental transformation, which is changing the way
we live, work, and think. The fourth industrial revolution is ushering in dramatic change and giving rise
to a future filled with exciting opportunities and new challenges. Hence, the theme for this symposium
is set as “EMERGING SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TOWARDS FUTURE GLOBAL
CHALLENGES” which focuses on how to overcome the challenges to provide solutions anchored in
fact, data and today’s realities by scientists and engineers. No matter what our research is, if all of us
play a part in society, we will make this world a better place than yesterday.
In the setting of new normal, undergraduate studies have its own new challenges, ranging from
supervision, lab work, meeting with peers and even viva. Nevertheless, with the advancement of
technology like virtual keep up the good work. Finally, I also would like to thank all invited speakers,
distinguished guests, judges and participants for your support and contribution to make this event a
successful one. I can see that we are adapting well to this new mode of studies. Again, on behalf of the
organizing committee, I would like to welcome you to the FELS-US 2021 and hope that you will receive
the utmost benefits from attending this symposium.

Thank you and all the best.

Regards,

JUWAIRIYYAH ABDUL RAHMAN
Program Director
FELSUS 2021

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TABLE OF
CONTENTS

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ADVANCED MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABILITY

PAPER ID STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME PAGE
AM01 4174017521
AM02 4183008031 Ahmad Mukhriz Bin Md Razali 15
AM03 4162000941 Muhammad Ashman Bin Ahmad Azhar 16
Nagandran A/L T.Kalaichelvam 17
AM04 4161004471 Muhammad Zulmukhriz Bin Sansudin @
Samsudin 18
AM05 4172000061 Mohamad Ikmal Bin Hamzah
AM07 4172000121 Rohaizatularifah Binti Abd Rahim 19
AM08 4171002661 Mohd Shahrizan Bin Mohmad Sha 20
AM09 4163006921 Nur Anis Bazilah Binti Omar 21
AM10 4174017181 Syed Abdul Salam Arif Bin Syed A Bakar 22
AM11 4165001661 Muhammad Shahrul Nizam Bin Suri 23
AM12 4123002301 Zul Ehsan Bin Mohamed Ali 24
AM13 4171002451 Mohab Zakaria Abdelhay Afify 25
AM14 4174013781 Allhajj Bin Azman 26
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

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SYSTEM DESIGN & INSTRUMENTATION

PAPER ID STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME PAGE
DI01 4182009201 Ahmad Fitri Nazmi Bin Suhaimi 29
DI02 4183001211 Nurhasliza Binti Othman 30
DI03 4181003181 Nur Azwin Adila Binti Azmi 31
DI04 4165001941 Niranjan Maniam 32
DI05 4154002401 Jeevan Raj 33
DI06 4172000232 Kishen A/L Sivakumar 34
DI08 4172000232 Amal Suraya Binti Azhan 35
DI09 4164009951 Muhammad Abu Yazid Bin Abdul Munib 36
DI10 4171003161 Sivaguru A/L Mugunthan 37
DI11 4174011521 Ugeneswarn A/L Manirasi 38
DI12 4165000011 Mohammad Izzat Bin Nor Azmi 39
DI13 4165000081 Mohd Kamarul Ariffin Bin Kassim 40
DI14 4174008091 Muhamad Hazwan Bin Mohamad Hanim 41

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

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APPLIED SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS

PAPER ID STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME PAGE
SM03 4182007931 Latha Shankar 43
SM04 4182005101 Muhammad Imran Bin Jamaludin 44
SM06 4182001701 Siti Nur Arifah Binti Abd Aziz 45
SM08 4191006431 Erma Amira Bt Kamarudin 46
SM09 4191005121 Nur Fariza Bt Ahmad Zamri 47
SM10 4183006881 Mohamad Adlan Bin Zamri 48
SM11 4183006941 Maizatul Aqmar binti Yusup 49
SM12 4151007951 Ahmad Bariq bin Yusof 50

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

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PRESENTATION
SCHEDULE

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

11 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

12 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

ABSTRACTS:

ADVANCED MATERIALS,
ENVIRONMENT AND
SUSTAINABILITY

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

AM01 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
MICROPLASTIC ABUNDANCE IN SEDIMENTS OF PANTAI REMIS
AND PANTAI JERAM, KUALA SELANGOR

Ahmad Mukhriz Md Razali and Noor Fazreen Binti Dzulkafli
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 YBOesUtaRriPJHayOaT, OSelangor

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Microplastic is one of the world's largest environmental pollutants affecting coastal areas. It is
important to protect and reduce coastal areas from microplastic pollution by increasing
knowledge and conservation. There is currently nothing known about the abundance of
microplastic in the sediments of two popular sandy beaches in Kuala Selangor, namely Pantai
Jeram and Pantai Remis. This present study aimed to evaluate the current state of microplastic
pollution in both beaches' sediments. It is also to determine the characteristics and distribution
of microplastic along the shorelines through a visual observation method. Density separation
and visual sorting methods have been used in this study. The results show that 269 individual
microplastic samples were found in all four sampling stations at Pantai Jeram. Whereas 173
totals of individual microplastics were found in four sampling stations at Pantai Remis. The
results revealed to microplastics found are composed of fragment, fibre, pellet, foam, film, and
bead. Further deepening of microplastics research in the future, there may be additional surface
micromorphology, plastic additives, and surface attachments.
Keywords: Microplastic, Marine Pollution

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AM02 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
ENHANCEMENT OF BRICK MECHANICAL PROPERTIES USING
SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH (SCBA)

Muhammad Ashman Ahmad Azhar and Tuan Azmar Tuan Daud

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty YoOf EUnRgPinHeeOrTinOg and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) is a waste product that has been generated in large quantities
from sugar industries employing the cogeneration process. It is commonly disposed of by open
burning. Sugarcane bagasse has been used to improve the property of brick. Therefore, these
issues have driven specialists to make sense of any possible solutions that can be resolved. The
point of the study is to think about the impact of SCBA as an additive on brick. The objectives
of the study are to (1) enhance the properties of the normal brick by using SCBA to determine
the mix of SCBA brick and normal brick with the compressive strength and density; (2) to
produce suitable composites for building material purposes that might be an alternative to the
normal brick by using SCBA. A few tests were conducted to study the density and compression
strength of SCBA bricks. The tests were directed on the brick and made by various SCBA
replacement stages from 5% to 25%, with differences of 5%. The results show that the density
of bricks with SCBA increases for some mixtures. For compressive strength, the 10% SCBA
compression strength demonstrated the highest strength than the control bricks. This shows
that when a high quantity of SCBA is used in the mixture for brick, it affects the brick
properties, and it can potentially reduce the strength of the brick.
Keywords: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Compressive Strength, Agricultural Waste

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AM03 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
POTENTIAL REUSE OF E-WASTE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD IN
CONCRETE AS COARSE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT

Nagandran T. Kalaichelvam, Dzulkarnain Ahmad and Ishak Hashim
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Printed circuit board (PCB) is one of the e-waste elements which are not useful to the electric
and electronic industry after the deadline. The amount of e-waste composition is growing in
Malaysia every year due to the development of new electric and electronic production. The
objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete with PCB as
partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete mixing and to determine the optimum
percentage of PCB in a concrete mix. The study was conducted by partially replacing the coarse
aggregate with recycled PCB by weight on 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% in the concrete. The
concrete cube with size of 100mm x 100mm x 100mm was used as the concrete cube cast.
DOE method is referred with concrete grade 25 which used in this study. Total 24 samples of
concrete cube were tested. To ensure the objective of the study is achieved the fundamental
test were carry out to investigate the mechanical properties of the PCB concrete and to obtain
the optimum PCB percentage in concrete. The test result will be recorded and compared with
the test result of the control sample. From the result obtained, the value of the entire test carried
out decrease as the percentage of PCB increase. The optimum percentage of PCB, obtained
from this study is 10% PCB, where the result recorded for this percentage are far better than
other percentage tested. Besides that, the result obtained for 10% PCB are allowable according
to the DOE method. It can be concluded that the usage of e-waste, especially PCB is possible
in construction. This material is more suitable to use in non-load gearing walls and partitions.
In addition, it will reduce the effect of e-waste to the environment and increase the sustainable
construction in future.
Keywords: Printed Circuit Board, E-Waste, Sustainable Concrete

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AM04 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
A STUDY OF EFFECT ON THE MIXTURE OF WASTE GLASS AND
WASTE POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) BOTTLES IN

CONCRETE

Muhammad Zulmukhriz Sansudin @ Samsudin, Dzulkarnain Ahmad and Ishak Hashim
Department of Engineering, Faculty Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Due to rapid urbanisation, the waste produced in the developed world is increasingly growing.
Leading to urbanisation and industrialisation, the amount of plastic use and glass use has
steadily increased in recent years. Much of the waste glass ends up in a dump, while plastic
waste bottles are a significant source of solid waste disposal issues. As it is now, to enhance
the sustainability of concrete buildings, the building industry must find cost-effective materials.
This research concerns the use of a mixture of waste bottles of PET and waste glass in concrete.
This aim of the study is to examine the mechanical properties of concrete containing a
combination with a control sample of 1% PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) waste bottles and
a range of waste glass percentages. The mixture of wasted glass and wasted polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) bottles in concrete was subjected to measure whether they are can
compliance with the standard usage of concrete. The experiment was designed to investigate
the incorporation of waste glass and waste PET bottles to concrete. Mixture of 1% of wasted
PET bottle with wasted glass percentage addition are selected as 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% and
the water cement ratio of 0.50 is chosen to use for standard size of cubes.
Keywords: Concrete, Waste Material, Compressive Strength, Concrete Workability

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AM05 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
YOUR PHOTO

EFFECT OF ULTRA HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE (UHPC)
MIXING WITH WASTE CRUMB TYRE RESPECT TO STRENGTH

Mohamad Ikmal Hamzah and Rabitah Handan
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
An environmental degradation concern is tyres that are literally thrown away. Waste tyres that
are simply thrown away are a serious environmental problem. The total volume of tyres
discarded each year almost 300 million tyres in the United States alone makes safe disposal
difficult. However, civil engineers have found a large range of uses for old tyres. One of the
ways is to use waste crumb tyre (WCT) as a replacement for aggregates in hardened concrete.
Nowadays, Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) has now become known for high
compressive strength that can exceed more than 150 MPa. This concrete also was produced by
using low water cement ratio and silica fume with 10% replacing Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) to improve the strength and workability. In this project, the number of aggregates
replaced with WCT in UHPC was analysed. The WCT was replaced by 5% from the total
weight of aggregates in the mixture of the concrete. Before mix with the other material, the
pre- treatment was conducted by soaking the WCT into Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) for 20, 40
and 60 minutes. Compressive strength test and flexural strength test were conducted. All
samples were immersed for 7, 14 and 28 days for curing process. The results showed that the
compressive strength and flexural strength for Rubberized-UHPC was lowered compared to
Plain UHPC. Ruberrized-UHPC60 has higher value of strength compared to Rubberized-
UHPC40 and Rubberized-UHPC20. In nutshell, the result revealed that the strength of
Rubberized-UHPC increase when the duration of pre-treatment was increased.
Keywords: Waste Crumb Tyre, Ultra High-Performance Concrete, Compressive Strength,
Flexural Strength

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AM07 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
YOUR PHOTO

THE PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH-GGBS BLENDED GEOPOLYMER
MORTAR FOR IN-SITU APPLICATION

Rohaizatularifah Abd Rahim and Rabitah Handan
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Geopolymer is a relatively new alternative binder for making concrete in
the construction industry. The use of geopolymer eventually can reduce environmentally
problems since geopolymer binders are produced from industrial by-products such as fly
ash and Grand Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) instead of Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC). However, geopolymer need to cure at elevated temperature, which makes
it be impractical for cast-in-situ application due to energy intensive process.
Geopolymer needs high temperature during curing to accelerate the reaction which
otherwise takes a long time when curing at ambient conditions (20-23°C). This is
considered for slow rate in early strength development when curing at ambient
temperature. In this work, fly ash and GGBFS were utilized to produce an ambient cure
geopolymer mortars at different percentage replacement of GGBFS varying from 0%
to 50%. Alkali activator at ratio 2.0 sodium silicate solution Na₂SiO₃ (SS) to sodium
hydroxide solution NaOH (SH), (SS/SH) was used to activate the binder. The
concentration of Sodium Hydroxide used is 10 Molarity, and water to binder ratio is
keep constant for all mixtures with a ratio of 0.5. The properties of each mixture are
designed to be tested for compressive strength with curing age of 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days
by using 50x50x50 mm cube mould. Workability (flow of mortar) also are the part of
testing in this experiment. When the period of curing and percentage of GGBFS
increased, the compressive strength improved. Workability tends to decrease when
higher percentage replacement of GGBFS is used. The optimum mix design for this
work is Mix 6, which contain 50% of GGBFS and showed the higher compressive
strength with 92.88MPa for a 28-day curing test.
Keywords: Geopolymer Mortars, Grand Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Sodium
Silicate, Sodium Hydroxide

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AM08 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
THE EFFECT OF GFRC (AR-GLASS) FIBRE ON CHARACTERISTIC
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Mohd Shahrizan Mohmad Sha and Azliza Abdullah
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. However, concrete is weak in tension
and, to overcome this, researchers all over the world are developing high-performance concrete
by adding various fibres, admixtures in different proportions. Normally reinforcements are
used to provide tensile strength, but these reinforcements won't be able to stop initiating
cracking and other defects in concrete. This study aims to find the maximum compressive and
flexural strength of GFRC in comparison to normal concrete. For that, M25 concrete was
produced with the addition of glass fibres at different volumetric percentages: 0% (as a control
specimen), 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, by absolute weight of concrete. An average 0.0220 com
diameter cut to 2.5 cm length was used in this study. The effects of adding glass fibres in
concrete were measured for the cube compressive strength test and flexural strength test. Result
obtained clearly shows higher percentage increase for 7,14 and 28 days with 1.5 % addition
fibre on compressive strength test and 7 and 28 days for flexural strength test. At 1.5% GFRC,
the compressive strength is 7.25% higher than control concrete and at 1.5% of the flexural
strength is 0.9% more than control concrete. GFRC helps increases the toughness and durability
of concrete based on the amount of fibre content and proper design.
Keywords: Glass Fibre, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength

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AM09 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
CONCRETE PROPERTIES SEASHELLS AS PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT FOR COARSE AGGREGATE: STATISTICAL

ANALYSIS APPROACH

Nur Anis Bazilah Omar and Dzulkarnain Ahmad
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is being widely applied these days because
of the complex statistical fact evaluation. A metadata dictionary was saved to extract answers
to record documentation. Data and results of a total of 324 sample specimens were cast and
tested with the dimension of the cube (100mm x100mm x100mm) being tabulated in the
software. This analysis is conducted to predict the concrete grade with different amount of
seashells replacement to the coarse aggregates. Predictions show that the replacement of
appropriate seashell content was able to produce different workable concrete with satisfactory.
Results showed the prediction of compressive strength for percentage seashells 20% to 30% as
partial replacement for coarse aggregate. The concrete sample were prepared by adding
seashells about 21% to 29% as partial replacement to coarse aggregate. All samples were cured
for 7, 14 and 28 days in the water tank. The specimens were tested to determine the compressive
strength of the concrete. Based on the results, the data indicates almost identical readings
between actual data and prediction data.
Keywords: SPSS, Seashells, Coarse Aggregate, Compressive Strength

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AM10 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
EFFECT OF KENAF FIBYROEURSPOHONTOCONCRETE STRENGTH
CHARACTERISTIC

Syed Abdul Salam Arif Syed A Bakar and Noora Samsina Johari
Department of Engineering, Faculty Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Concrete is strong in compression but very weak in tension. However, it is still widely used in
construction work although brittle concreate may easily collapse due to a low deformation. The
other specific issues related to the concrete are the cracking of either plastic shrinkage cracking
or externally imposed loading. Cracking will reduce the mechanical properties of the concrete
structure which may be dangerous to user. Nevertheless, fibre-reinforced concrete such as
Kenaf fibre can be applied to minimize cracking and make concrete more ductile. Kenaf fibre
have high tensile but light density (1.2 g/ cm3). This research intends to investigate the strength
properties of different percentage of Kenaf fibre concrete (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%).
Concrete grade M30 with constant water/cement ratio of 0.50 was applied for all mix batches.
Slump test was conducted to determine the workability of the fresh concrete. The hardened
concrete specimens were then tested after cured for 7 and 28 days before Flexural strength test
and compressive strength test were carried out. The results showed that incorporation of Kenaf
fibre significantly drop the slump value and reduce the concrete workability. Overall, 1.5%
Kenaf fibre concrete formulation showed the best results compared to the others formulation
for flexural and compression strength.
Keywords: Concrete, Fibre-Reinforced Concrete, Kenaf Fibre

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AM11 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
PROPERTIES OF KENAF/TEXTILE WASTE FIBRE HYBRIDISATION
IN A CARBON NANOTUBES MODIFIED MATRIX

Muhammad Shahrul Nizam Suri and Norazean Shaari @ Md Noh
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Textile waste is part of the solid waste generated by the population. It should be taken to obtain
economic and environmental benefits for various reasons, contributing to the reduction of
spaces required for landfills. Nowadays, kenaf fibres have been extensively accepted due to
their flexural and tensile strength capability in many industries. Hybridising both textile waste
and kenaf fibres were expected to improve the mechanical properties of composite
significantly. By incorporating carbon nanotubes hypothetically, the inclusion should enhance
the properties of a matrix system. This research's primary focus was to analyse the effect of
fibre hybridisation between textile waste and kenaf while also studying the effect of carbon
nanotubes incorporation into epoxy resin matrix system. During the research, composite
specimens were fabricated through a casting method in a silicon rubber mould. Two physical
tests were conducted, namely density test and hardness test. The density test result expressed a
decrease in density due to fibre hybridization while increasing as carbon nanotubes were
introduced. The hardness test indicated that both hybridisation and carbon nanotubes inclusion
increase the hardness proportionally. The mechanical tests have proven that hybridisation and
modified matrix improve the tensile, compressive and impact properties. The results were
supported through the observation of the fractured specimens.
Keywords: Textile Waste, Kenaf Fibres, Hybridisation, Carbon Nanotubes

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AM12 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
THE IMPACT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION IN
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR DURING MCO

Zul Ehsan Mohamed Ali and Siti Birkha Mohd Ali
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
The Movement Control Order (MCO) was declared throughout Malaysia on 16 March 2020 as
a major step in curbing the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic that hit the world
at that time. The order was held by the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 1988
and the Police Act 1967. Under this act, almost all employment, educational, manufacturing,
entertainment, and business institutions were completely closed. Parents work from home,
while children return from school dormitories and colleges. Therefore, they spend a lot of time
at home; 24 hours a day and seven days a week. The purpose of this research was to make a
comparison in terms of total electricity consumption in two situations, namely before and
during MCO. The main tool used in this research is a design questionnaire which was blast to
many respondents among the homeowners. The base of the survey questions are to identify the
energy consumption, the number of electrical appliances, the number of occupants in the house
and many others. The data collected consists of two situations, i.e., before and during MCO.
Besides the above feedback, the respondents were required to provide their utility bills in the
survey form. The purpose of this is to obtain the data of the real energy usage of each house
(in kWh). Based on the analysis conducted, the energy and carbon emission increased
tremendously during the MCO compared to before. The percentage difference from the four
respondent's feedbacks shown that the different is estimated around 46 % to 69%. Several
factors were due to the increased number of occupants staying at home as well as the increase
in quantity and longer hours of appliances used during the current situation. Besides, this
research had proof that the carbon emission has following the trend of higher harmful emission
based on the energy consumption tabulated earlier in the session. Because almost all family
members are at home, in line with the 'STAY AT HOME' campaign by the government, it is
clear that this leads to higher electricity consumption and in turn causes high billing charges
among the residential sectoral in Malaysia.

Keywords: Coronavirus, Movement Control Order, Carbon Emission, Energy Consumption

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AM13 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
IOT BASED WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING
TEMPERATURE, PHYOAURNPDHOTTOURBIDITY SENSORS

Mohab Zakaria Abdelhay Afify and Taufik Ridzuan
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Data monitoring of water quality is extremely helpful because it is not always easy to obtain.
Specialists utilize a range of methods to collect tests, including collecting measurements of
natural substances, testing sediments and utilizing specimens of fish tissue to locate residues
of chemicals, oils, toxins, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Environmental factors such as
temperature, deforestation and flow give useful information while biological plant and animal
activity measures reflect the survival of marine environments. With the continuation of town
development, clear land for cultivation and make other man-made improvements to the natural
world, control of water quality is even more relevant. Land-based operations may have a major
effect on water resources, so it is important to understand how water sources, both above and
below land, influence them. Thus, there is a need for a proper monitoring system to ensure a
good water quality. The objective is to measure and monitor the water quality characteristics
and share the data using IoT. The method was using a microcontroller, sensors and IoT device.
It was concluded that the device can give trusted indication for the quality of the water and
liquids in general.
Keywords: Water, Quality, Monitoring

25

AM14 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
ANALYSING POWER OUTPUT ON PIEZOELECTRIC WITH
DOUBLE STAKED AND TRIPLE STAKED LAYERED OF LEAD

ZIRCONATE TITANATE (PZT)

Allhajj Azman and Anis Sabirin Baharom
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Renewable energy source has become an important role in this era of technology. There are
several methodologies used for energy harvesting. The energy is converted to electrical energy.
There are several renewable sources available for generating electricity. Mechanical vibration
is generated when people step the pavement. Therefore, it is suitable for walkway
especially universities where most the students and staffs can walk and generating energy. The
objective of this study is to study the potential of piezoelectric with several arrangement by
layering it and used more piezoelectric with less space area. The analysis was done by
comparing the output of single layered, double stack layered and triple stack layered. The
results show that using 12 cm square foot work base provides for single layered with 15V for
double stacks layered with 23V and for triple stacks layered with 27V. The outcomes will
benefit our country since Malaysia's target by year 2025 is to reduce the dependency on fossil
fuel. In conclusion, the more stacks layered the more output produces.
Keywords: Double Stack Layered Piezoelectric, Triple Stack Layered Piezoelectric, Energy
Harvesting

26

ABSTRACTS:

SYSTEM DESIGN &
INSTRUMENTATION

27
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

DI01 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
A NEW ERGONOMIC MILLING MACHINE CONTROL KNOB

Ahmad Fitri Nazmi Suhaimi and Hasnu Rizal Zakaria
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Ergonomic control devices can help to reduce the risk of hand injuries. During operations, the
pinch force exerted on a control knob may be minimised to minimise physical tension and
pressure on the hands. This boosts productivity at work. Milling machine control knobs,
according to studies, are difficult to handle. As a result, the aim of this study is to compare an
ergonomic knob design to a milling machine knob design to see how much musculoskeletal
comfort can be improved. A knurled spherical knob with ergonomic features is used to create
an ergonomic knob. Three participants are asked to turn the knobs clockwise and
counterclockwise as part of the validation process. Data on pinch force is held. The ergonomic
knob eliminates pinch force more than the milling machine knob replica, according to the
findings. This research will help machine designers create safer and more ergonomic knobs for
a variety of machines, apparatus, and devices.
Keywords: Ergonomic Knob, Milling Machine, Musculoskeletal

28

DI02 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
YAMAZUMI CYCLE TIME IN LEAN PRODUCTION

Nurhasliza Othman and Harizal Abdul Hamid
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
A factory must want an increase in production volume, therefore significant changes must be
made if desired increase production volume. This research aims to increase production volume
and ensure no damage occurs to the product. In addition, the purpose of this research is to
identify problems that occur in the factory and make a change in the Namicoh Suria sdn Bhd
layout. This research is based on the actual situation that occurred in the Namicoh Suria Sdn
Bhd. All data was taken and studied to identify problems that occur in the factory by using the
method of yamazumi chart the data has been taken at 70.5s, 13.52s, 12.47s,12.02s and 12.45s.
It is found that there are activities that should not be done. The problem can be identified
through the method exisiting factory status analysis. A precedence diagram and new layout has
been made using application Technomatic Plant Simulation. As stated, this research will
improve the layout at Namicoh Suria Sdn Bhd. with a new production layout and remove
unnecessary activities, hoping to increase the production volume and no damage to the product
nor injury to the workers. These recommendations will be presented at the factory.
Keywords: Yamazumi Chart, Precedence Diagram, Technomatic Plant Simulation

29

DI03 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM

Nur Azwin Adila Azmi and Mohd Zaini bin Yacob
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
This project is designed to create a prototype that can track the optimum power from the
sunlight. Most PV panel was designed in a fixed position, most likely facing south at a 45-
degree angle. While this approach is extremely simple and meets the needs of most small
applications, this application does not producing as much energy as it could be. The main
objective of this project is to track the sun and rotate the solar panel accordingly, to receive
sunlight to the fullest extent always during the day time and make solar power as the main
source for electricity because of its continues source as it is a renewable energy. The tracker is
an active tracker which is controlled by the microcontroller which is ATMega328p using
computer program (via an Arduino). This means sensors which is Light Dependant Resistor
are use to capture the brightest source of light according to the sun position.
Keywords: Arduino , LDR, PV Panel, Servo Motor, ATMega328p

30

DI04 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF STAINLESS-HONEYCOMB
STRUCTURE

Niranjan Maniam and Sree Rama Dasson
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor
Email : [email protected]

Abstract
This paper is focused on studying the behavior of honeycomb core structure in stainless-steel
material. Honeycomb is a two-dimensional cellular material that is relatively strong and stiff
along the normal to the microstructure but compliant and weak in-plane. A honeycomb
sandwich structure consists of two thin facing layers separated by a thick core. Honeycomb
sandwich structures have wide applications as structural and non-structural materials in
composite aerospace, transportation, and rail car industry. Ten different core thickness of
honeycomb structure which is 0.5mm, 0.1mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 3.5mm,
4.0mm, 4.5mm and 5.0mm thickness of honeycomb structure has been used in this to
investigate the bending behaviors. Stainless steel honeycomb core has excellent properties with
regard to its high resistance to compression and good corrosive resistance. The experiments
were done using Universal Testing Machine and computer simulation. Static three-point
bending tests were carried out in order to investigate the deflection of the honeycomb structure
failure. ASTM C393 standards are followed for the experimental approach and finally the
results were compared. Ten different thickness of honeycomb structure with dimensions of 520
mm length x 243 mm width with 2 mm face sheets on top and bottom were designed to run the
ANSYS FEA simulation. The result of the test shows that the higher the thickness of the
honeycomb structure the lower the deflection or vice versa along with minimum load of the
honeycomb structure.
Keywords: Honeycomb Core, Stainless Steel, Deflection Angle

31

DI05 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
CHASSIS DESIGN AND STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF AN OFF-ROAD
SIDE-BY-SIDE UTILITY VEHICLE

Jeevan Raj and Muhidin Arifin
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This study emphasizes the design of a chassis for a side-by-side utility vehicle (UTV). The
side-by-side UTV chassis that is fabricated must contain all necessary components to support
the side-by-side UTV, passenger, driver and dump bed. It must also comply with the off-road
use with desire weight. In order to produce a side-by-side UTV with optimum chassis
performance, many areas need to be studied and tested. This research was carried out to find
the required solution to obtain data in design criteria. The criterion follows the design process
and methodology to be derived. It allows for the smooth construction of an efficient and
effective spaceframe chassis. Analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of working
loads on the chassis after the chassis is completed. Finite element analysis was used to simulate
the conditions of various load combinations. The analysis of an impact test was conducted to
define the most efficient safety factor value. Besides that, the analysis was also performed to
determine the chassis' deflection result due to working loads. The results gained show that the
chassis experienced very minimal deflection under off-road conditions. It will be safe to be
built, allowing the chassis to perform at an optimum level in conjunction with the rest of the
UTV setup.
Keywords: Side-by-Side Utility Vehicle, Chassis

32

DI06 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
PREDICTION OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES ON HYBRID
COMPOSITE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (ANN)

Kishen A/L Sivakumar and Mohd Arif Mat Norman
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
This paper focused on the prediction of natural frequency on hybrid composite plates using
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). For training and testing of the ANN model, a number of
finite element analysis have been carried out by varying the layup orientations, 0°, 15°, 30°,
45°, 60° and 90°. The composite plate is modeled using layered structural shell element. The
natural frequencies were found by analysis which was done by Finite Element (FE) analysis
software. The ANN model has been developed using two-layer feed-forward training
algorithm. The adequacy of the developed model is verified by coefficient of determination
(R). It was found that the R2 (R: coefficient of determination) values are 1 and 0.998 for train
and test data respectively. The results showed the training algorithm of feedforward was
sufficient enough in predicting the natural frequency of hybrid composite plates. To evaluate
the capability and efficiency of the developed ANN model, the predicted results are in a good
term with the results of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA), with error rate less than 10%.
Generally, this study is useful and contributes significant knowledge to understand the
prediction of natural frequency on hybrid composite using ANN model.
Keywords: Natural Frequency, ANN, Layup Angle

33

DI08 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF A SEATING SYSTEM
FOR PHYSICAL DISABLED CHILDREN

Amal Suraya Binti Azhan, Nazlin Hanie Binti Abdullah and Mohd Arif Bin Mat Norman
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Mobility is the main limitation faced by physical disabled children to do their daily activities.
Supports from the caretakers are required to ensure that the children can perform various
activities with the help of assistive devices. The main goal of this research is to use the Finite
Element Method to examine the stresses and displacement in a seating system, in order to
determine its functional and structural aspects through simulation. Ergonomics and
anthropometry are the main factors used in designing the seating system to comfort and
minimize the design mismatches faced by disabled children. In this study, a CAD model of the
seating system was first obtained. Next, an optimization design was developed. ANSYS was
used to generate the mesh model of the seating system’s frame and conduct the finite element
analysis under static conditions. A displacement and von mises stress for this seating system
were analyzed. Results showed that maximum total displacement limit values for the chair
frame are aluminium (0.0035077 m), steel (0.0014544 m) and titanium (0.0029513 m).
Aluminium is an optimum selection to be used for this application due to its material properties.
It can be available in standard size tubes that fit the current geometry design. The material is
much lighter than steel but cheaper than titanium.
Keywords: Physical Disabled Children, Finite Element Analysis, Seating System

34

D109 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
IoE-BASED VEHICLE REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING AND
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE SYSTEM

Muhammad Abu Yazid Abdul Munib and Mohd Azril Mohd Amil
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
In many industries inclusive of automotive vehicle industry, predictive maintenance has
become more important. It is hard to diagnose failure in advance in the vehicle industry because
of the limited availability of sensors and some of the designing exertions. However, with the
great development in automotive industry, it looks feasible today to analyse sensor’s data along
with machine learning techniques for failure prediction. Vehicle systems are complex both in
hardware and software, so their maintenance is challenging. Predictive maintenance is required
to overcome lifetime reduction of vehicle and loss of money. The objective from this project
was to collect data from automotive sensor (OBD2) and stream to server. After that a dashboard
will be created for data visualization in the server for real-time monitoring. Lastly is to proceed
with predict parts failure from visualization pattern and produce corrective maintenance
scheduled. There are several methods used in this project. Firstly, data will be collected by
using OBD2 and Raspberry Pi. The OBD2 that plugged in the car will detect several sensors
in the car. The OBD2 will be connected with Raspberry Pi with Bluetooth connection. With
several programming command, data will be collected by Raspberry Pi and it will send the data
to server. From the server, all the data will be compiled and a dashboard for data visualization
will be created.
Keywords: OBD2, IoE, Raspberry Pi

35

DI10 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
PERFORMANCE OF TRIPLE PLAY SERVICE(TPS) OVER FIBER
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS(PON) ARCHITECTURE

Sivaguru A/L Mugunthan and Juwairiyyah Abdul Rahman
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
In a telecommunication network, high data transfer rate is an issue that is always being
highlighted. Primary parameters that affecting the Triple Play Service (TPS) system
performance are Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality Factor (Q-factor). This study focused on
minimization of BER and maximization of Q-factor as these two parameters are major part of
the TPS system performance. The key consideration in TPS is adequate high data transfer rate.
Passive Optical Network (PON) technology is the accepted choice of TPS delivery for service
providers to the end users in Fiber to the Home (FTTH) access networks. In this paper, 10G-
PON was selected for the TPS delivery as compared with GPON because 10G-PON could
generate four times more data transfer rate per user in downstream direction. The analysis
section was divided into; 1) without insertion (stage 1) and 2) with insertion (stage 2) of the
pump power parameter in the Hybrid Optical Amplifier. The results revealed that model 1
(stage 2) at pump power 150 mW with Q-factor (43.4929 dB) was applicable for
Internet+VoIP service (1480nm). For broadcasting video service (1550nm-In phase and In-
quadrature) model 3 (stage 1) at pump power 0 mW with Q-factor (2.82549 dB) and Q-factor
(2.82385 dB) were selected.
Keywords: 10G-PON FTTH, BER, Q-factor, ISI, Internet+VoIP, Broadcasting Video

36

DI11 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED MONITORING SYSTEM FOR DRUNKEN
DRIVER BASED ON LEVEL OF ALCOHOL CONSUMED

Ugeneswarn Manirasi and Salina Muhamad
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
One of the major issues that cause road accident is by drunk-driving, as 7 out of 10 accident
cases caused by drunk driver during this pandemic Covid-19. Although the government have
implemented strong laws to punish those who drive under influences of alcohol yet it is not
effectively implemented. Hence there is a need of effective internal monitoring system to check
on drunken drivers. A study has been conducted and a prototype has successfully built using
Arduino Uno and MQ-3 sensor. This sensor will continuously monitor the present of alcohol
from the breath blow by the vehicle driver and the alcohol content will be analysed while varied
the speed of vehicle according to the BAC limit which is not more than legal limit 0.08%.
Speed of vehicle will be reduce into four different level which is level 1 is 80% (Normal), level
2 is 60% (Light), level 3 is 40% (Moderate) and lastly level 4 is the vehicle will stop moving.
Each time as the BAC value increases the speed of DC motor will decreases. This system can
provide an effective solution to control accident cause by drunk driver and can help save life
lost.
Keywords: Alcohol Sensor, Arduino, DC Motor

37

DI12 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
DETECTION OF RESPIRATION RATE FROM
PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAM (PPG) SIGNAL

Mohammad Izzat Nor Azmi and Sasni Ismail
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Detection of respiration rate from Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal have been developed
to display and calculated number of breaths you take in a minute. This project was develop
using PPG sensor. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) is a non-invasive medical technology that
use infrared light to measure heart rate from the blood. The problem happens when current
monitoring devices requires heavy equipment such as a mask, nasal cannula and chest band
toobtain the respiration rate of patients, which can cause discomfort. For that this project are
built to reduce the problem by design it smaller, light, portable and easy to use. Method that
has been used are using photoplethysmogram signal that being process by Arduino
uno.Based on the analysis made, respiration rate can be monitor continuously and the reading
are almost the same as the reference value. The estimation total accuracy for this device are
93.5%.
Keywords: Photoplethysmogram, Respiration Rate, Arduino Uno

38

DI13

YOUR PHOTO

RELAY COORDINATION FOR POWER SYSTEM FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
PROTECTION AT UNIVERSITI SELANGOR UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
(UNISEL)

Mohd Kamarul Ariffin Kassim and Sasni Ismail
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

In the safety of the power grid, relay coordination plays a significant purpose. High voltage
transmission disruption may be triggered by short circuit, overload, lightning surge, and other
natural disruptions. The aim for this study is to determine short circuit of the power system
properties and to analyse the relay setting and coordination at Universiti Selangor. In the
analysis for the current semester, coordination of the over-current relays is implemented for
the different systems with the help of Mathematical Analysis and ETAP software. This analysis
is conducted on the basis of the single line diagram drawing of Universiti Selangor, Bestari
Jaya Campus. The design single line diagram of the university for high voltage was levelled
up to 11kV voltage using ETAP software. The simulation shows the faults are often classified
into the type three-phase followed the clockwise and the system will form the relay as for
method of ring system that consists of short circuit of system data for transformer, generator,
and grid. With the simulation result, the analysis with self-manual calculation is carried out by
implementing MVA method. It also showed how it can be operated as primary, secondary or
backup relay. Relay Coordination using the analysis of self-calculation of Inverse Definite
Minimum Time (IDMT) relay which is proven by using formula standard relay. The accuracy
between the comparison result for manual calculation and simulation accuracy is in the range
of 97. Lastly with the proper coordination of relay with a different plug setting and TMS value
to get the margin of 300 ms every area for the best discrimination in power system protection
was conducted.

Keyword: Protection of Power System, Relay Coordination, Time Setting Multiplier, Plug
Setting Multiplier, Relay Setting, Over Current Relay, IDMT Relay

39

DI14 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
STATIC SIMULATION OF A 12/10 SWITCHED RELUCTANCE
MACHINE FOR STARTER-GENERATOR APPLICATION

Muhamad Hazwan Mohamad Hanim and Rajendran a/l Sinnadurai
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
A Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) have a simple stator and rotor structures, high
efficiency, high reliability, combined with robust and low-cost construction, the Switched
Reluctance Machines have been chosen for this study. SRM have been an alternative to other
machine types for its applications especially starter-generator. SRM's rotors does not generate
significant heat which result in easy cooling process. Moreover, SRM are known for their high
reliability and capability of operating in four quadrants for a variable speed drive. Despite
having great advantages, the SRM has not been used extensively until recent time because of
its problems of torque ripples and noise. This study will deal with modelling methods of SRM.
The important aim of this research is to generate static results from FEMM simulation such as
flux-linkage and static torque of the switched reluctance machine.
Keywords: Switched Reluctance Machine, FEMM

40

ABSTRACTS:

APPLIED SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS

41
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

SM03 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS FROM CAVENDISH
BANANA PEEL

Latha Shankar and Nurhafizah Ibrahim*
Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

University Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
*E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Traditional plastic packaging pollutes the environment and contains carcinogenic substances
that harmful to human. This study aims to produce eco-friendly biodegradable film from
Cavendish banana peel for food packaging. The procedure started with extraction of starch
from banana peel using acid extraction method followed by fabrication of biodegradable plastic
films. Three Cavendish peel films with 3 different concentration of NaOH (1%, 2% and 3%),
were produced. The thickness tests reveal that Cavendish peel films thickness were in
ascending order of (F1- 1% NaOH) < (F2- 2% NaOH) < (F3- 3% NaOH). Among the three
Cavendish peel films formulation, F2 holds highest ash and moisture content followed by F1
and F3. For water absorption capability F3 exhibit highest water absorption capability followed
by F1 and F2. The chemical resistance capability of Cavendish peel film also holds an
ascending order of F1 < F2 < F3 toward citric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, and toluene,
respectively. Biodegradability test revealed that Cavendish peel film of F3 holds the fastest
biodegradability capacity at 91% followed by F2 is 62.5% and F1 at 16.1% within 8 days and
it is comparable with other biodegradable starch films. The result suggests that Cavendish peel
films holds the potential to be develop into biodegradable food packaging.

Keywords: Plastic, Cavendish, Banana Peel, Biodegradable Food Packaging.

42

SM04 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Musa paradisiaca USING SUCKER AS
EXPLANT

Muhammad Imran Bin Jamaludin and Farrah Nazuha Binti Mansor
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Banana (Musa paradisiaca) is one of important crop which contributes as a staple food for
developing and developed country in this world. In Malaysia, M. paradisiaca ranked first out
of 15 types of fruit which are needed for commercial cultivation. However, the demand for M.
paradiasaca increases year by year but the industry cannot supply the demand. Hence, the use
of micropropagation method serves an alternative way to solve the problem by supplying the
raw materials. This study was conducted to identify the best sucker of M. paradisiaca as
explant for initiation phase of micropropagation purpose and to produce the clean culture of M.
paradisiaca with minimal contamination by using sterilization method. There were two type
of suckers have been used in this study such as water sucker (WS) and sword sucker(SS).
Sword sucker had been found to produce the higher amount of shoots with mean shoots
production 7.33±0.38 in MSO medium compared to water sucker with 5.67±0.36 mean shoots
production. Production of 100% clean culture also achieved for both sucker in MSO Medium
by using proper sterilization method. Although, this study was only at initiation phase of
micropropagation but the positive results obtained can be used in future study.
Keywords : Musa paradisiaca, Sword sucker, Water Sucker, In Vitro Propagation.

43

SM06 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND pH ON THE GROWTH OF
Nannochloropsis salina

Siti Nur Arifah Abd Aziz and Roshani Othman
Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Nannochloropsis synthesize neutral triacylglycerol lipids at levels that can reach up to 60%
cell dry weight. These neutral triacylglycerol lipids can be used as feedstock for the conversion
of biodiesel. Nannochloropsis also contains abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as
eicosapentaenoic acid. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum salinity and pH media
culture for enhanced Nannochloropsis salina growth performance in 6 different salinity of
artificial seawater (0-control, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt) in 0.1% Conway media. The cell and
optical density had been observed since day 1 to day 17. N. salina growth rate in the artificial
seawater enriched with the 0.1% Conway medium was significantly high (p<0.05) at 0.063
cells/day in 40 ppt artificial seawater. Rapid algal generation time of 8.95 days was also
observed at this concentration. However, no growth of N. salina was recorded in control
artificial seawater (0 ppt) as N. salina could not be adapted at low salinity levels. The maximum
growth rate (0.069 cells/day) and the generation time (26.59 days) were recorded at pH 7,
indicating the optimum pH to produce chlorophyll. Knowledge on how species adapt to
different environments is essential for mariculturists to optimize the growth of N. salina in
order to minimize harvest time and reduce the cost of cultivation.
Keywords : Nannochloropsis Salina; Salinity; pH; Microalgae

44

SM08 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
COVID-19 PREDICTION BY MARKOV CHAIN IN SELANGOR

Erma Amira Kamarudin and Saibah Siregar
Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
The main topic of this research is COVID-19 prediction by using Markov chains method. A
Markov chain model is specifically used for business, manpower planning, percentage market
and many special areas. Because the prediction of any ideas primarily based on the Markov
chain, the result needs to be efficient. Currently, the contamination of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) is a big venture for the human being in addition to the government. This paper is
focusing on the tool for prediction of COVID-19 contamination with a Markov chain version.
The 1st order of Markov models have been used to predict the impact of COVID-19 using
probability matrices and Monte Carlo simulation. The objective of the present study is also to
predict unstable distribution to stable distribution and to predict the likelihood of future
condition of COVID-19. To present the programs of this version, 2020 coronavirus pandemic
in Selangor by using states and status end up used as a case study. It will be beneficial for the
prediction of the COVID-19 coronavirus in the future.
Keywords : Markov Chain, Transition Probability, COVID-19

45

SM09

COEFFICIENT ESTIMATES FOR BI-UNIVALENT FUNCTION
INVOLVINGYAOULRPPHHOATOLOGARITHM

Nur Fariza Binti Ahmad Zamri and Saibah Siregar
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The research is emphasizing on the class of analytic and bi-univalent function which is

univalent in the open unit disk U = z  : z  1, is a set of complex number. Some

definitions and known results which are needed in next chapters are presented. The introduction

of complex number, continuity and differentiation are also stated in this research as the basis FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
knowledge to conduct the research in analytic and bi-univalent function. The main objective of UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021

this research is to study a new subclass of the function class M  ( ) of alpha-logarithmic bi-

univalent functions As a result the topic discussed here is coefficient estimates on

2  2 2 
6 2 + 16 + 6  
( )a2  (1− 
and a3  2 − 2 2 ) 5 +  2 +2 for the function in these

new subclass of the function class M  ( ) . From this study, future researchers can use other

functions involving bi-univalent. There are plenty of results and new ideas given by too many
researchers regarding the class of analytic functions.

Keyword: Bi-univalent Function; Analytic Function; Alpha Logarithmic.

46

SM10 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
COUPLE FORMULATION OF NON-UNIFORM RATIONAL B-SPLIBE
(NURBS) AND RADIAL POINT INTERPOLATION METHOD (RPIM)

FOR PLANE STRESS ANALYSIS

Mohamad Adlan bin Zamri and Mokhtazul Haizad bin Mokhtaram
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
The RPIM has found a place in the numerical analysis as it has the potential to provide a higher-
order approximation, enabling the field nodes to be equipped exactly. In the other side, one of
the key challenges with RPIM is its failure to address irregular domain problems. This paper
proposes an improved RPIM formulation that utilizes NURBS base functions to precisely
describe the geometry of the boundary domain. The NURBS is a mathematical model that helps
engineers to model all conic parts easily and numerically accurately. This modern technique
utilizes the precision and versatility of RPIM approximation and the validity of NURBS
geometric representations to boost the accuracy and overall usefulness of geometric analysis,
which allows a simpler and more reasonable methodology to solve irregular domain problems.
The numerical problem of steady heat transfer is provided for verification of the method's
validity and accuracy. A clear imposition is all that is necessary to satisfy the critical boundary
requirement (FEM). The finding shows that RPIM/NURBS was successful in converging to
the final solution in significantly less time than conventional RPIM and FEM.
Keywords : NURBS; Meshfree RPIM; Heat transfer

47

SM11 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
A STUDY ON AN EFFECTIVYEOUPRAPHROATOMETERS OF RADIAL POINT
INTERPOLATION METHOD (RPIM) FOR PLANE STRESS

Maizatul Aqmar Yusup and Mokhtazul Haizad Mokhtaram
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail :

Abstract
Meshfree methods have become strong alternative methods in the last few years to traditional
numerical methods of solid mechanics. The radial point interpolation method (RPIM) is a
meshfree method based on Galerkin's formulation. It constructs shape functions that enable the
easy imposition of essential boundary conditions. This study is an effective parameter study
using RPIM for plane stress. For the solution of plane elasticity problems, a computer code is
developed that implements the RPIM. Selected problems are resolved, and the effect of RPIM
form parameters, with polynomial terms, is investigated in the interpolation. For problems with
plane stress cantilever beam, effective shape parameters are determined. Multiquadrics (Mq),
Gaussian (EXP) and Thin Plate Spline (TPS) functions were used for the RPIM in these studies.
All these three radial basis functions (RBF) have form parameters.
Keyword: Numerical Method, Meshfree Methods, Plane Stress, Radial Basis Function

48

SM12 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021
COUPLED FORMULATION OF NURBS AND FEM FOR HEAT
TRANSFER ANALYSIS

Ahmad Bariq Bin Yusof and Mokhtazul Haizad Mokhtaram
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
The improved Finite Element Method (FEM) approach with Non-uniform rational B-spline
(NURBS) is discussed in this paper. NURBS is a mathematical model that provides a
numerically stable and effective algorithm. Since it has good capabilities for representing
sculptured surfaces, reducing the amount of numerical control data, and controlling the cutter
pass and cutting speed, the NURBS representation is commonly used in computer-aided
design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. This technique enables the
domain's CAD boundary representation and the finite element approach to be seamlessly
integrated (FEM). The importance of the geometrical model in finite element simulations is
discussed, as well as the advantages and potential of NURBS-FEM in relation to other curved
finite element techniques. The results show that the NURBS-FEM achieved the converged
solution much faster than conventional FEM. This emphasises the method's potential as a
useful computational tool for future growth.
Keywords : CAD boundary, Finite Element Method, Non-uniform rational B-spline

49

THANK
YOU

50
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2021