ABSTRACT BOOK

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE SYMPOSIUM 2.0 (2021)

ABSTRACT BOOK

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Dr. Norazlina Bt Idris
Ts. Dr. Siti Hasmah Binti Mohtar
Ts. Norakma Binti Mohd Nor
Ts. Wan Zarina Binti Wan Mohamed
Siti Hawa Binti Mohd Yusof
Ts. Mohd Fadzli Bin Ahmad
PM. Dr Salina Muhamad
Dr. Norazean Bt Shaari
Ts. Dr Hasliza Bt Abu Hassan
Dr. Mokhtazul Haizad Mokhtaram

MESSAGE FROM THE
PRESIDENT AND VICE CHANCELLOR OF UNISEL

Assalamualaikum W.B.T and Greetings to all.
Alhamdulillah, all praise is due to Allah SWT, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful. Peace
and blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Congratulations and well done to the Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences (FELS) for organising
the Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Undergraduate Symposium 2021 (FELS-US 2021).
My appreciation to the organizing committees for their diligent work to ensure this symposium a
successful one.
With the theme of “Emerging of Science & Engineering Towards Future Global Challenges", this
symposium aims to highlight the role of science, technology and engineering to overcome the
current and future challenges. It focuses on the various branches of knowledge in the fields of
engineering, science and technology.
Through this symposium, students will be able to deepen their understanding of the research
conducted subsequently improving the research content to achieve results with better quality. It is
our hope the outcomes of the research can be published in various mediums such as journals, books
and chapters in books.
Finally, I hope the faculty will continue to organise this symposium in the future as it will provide
benefiting exposure not only to the final year students, but also to the lecturers and researchers as it
will directly give a significant impact to the University especially in our research and innovation.

Thank you

Prof. Dato’ Dr Mohammad Redzuan Othman
President & Vice Chancellor
Universiti Selangor, Malaysia

1

MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

As the Dean of Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences (FELS), it is an honour for me to have the
opportunity to welcome all the participants to the 2nd Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences
Undergraduate Symposium 2021 (FELS-US 2021). Congratulation to the organizing committees for
organizing the event and making sure it is a successful one. With the theme ‘Emerging Science and
Engineering towards Future Global Challenge’, this symposium will give us opportunity to diversify
the application of science for the benefits of our future generations. We hope the program will gives
an exposure to the final year bachelor’s student on the research and publication and will
subsequently inculcate the good research culture among them.

This symposium takes place in a unique manner which after the global situation of Covid-19
pandemic, we are all required to communicate through a virtual forum. The pandemic has brought us
a new challenge, as we cannot physically gather face to face for a symposium, thus why we are
required to go online today in-line with the context of new norm.

In a complexity and urgency of current global situation, there are no stopping national boundaries of
pandemics, natural disaster, water shortage, increasing sea levels that cause flood and food security.
Cross-border coordination and shared resources are needed to address certain issues thus anticipation
of science and technologic advances is a demand. By hosting ‘FELS-US 2021’, it shows that we are
committed in providing a platform to bring experts, researchers and graduates to share ideas,
knowledge and research findings in the steppingstone for the future global challenge of science and
engineering.

Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all invited speakers, presenters and
participants for your contribution and dedication. I would like to say thank you to all the organizing
committee for their endless effort to ensure the program is conducted successfully. Wishing all the
best and may all of you enjoy this intellectual engaging symposium.

Thank you.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fridelina Sjahrir
Dean
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences (FELS), UNISEL

2

MESSAGE FROM PROGRAM DIRECTOR

Assalamualaikum W.B.T and Greetings to All.

First and foremost, I would like to welcome our honourable guests, Y. Bhg. Prof. Dato' Dr.
Mohamad Redzuan Bin Othman, President & Vice Chancellor of Universiti Selangor and YB. Mdm
Juwairiya Binti Zulkifli, member of the Selangor state assembly for Bukit Melawati. We extend a
warm welcome to all participants of the 2nd Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences Undergraduate
Symposium 2021 (FELS-US 2021). My heartfelt thanks go out to the organizing committees who
have put in their tremendous effort to pull this event together and make it a success. On behalf of the
Organizing Committee, I would like to express our sincere gratitude to the keynote speakers for
sharing their expert perspectives in their respective fields, as well as the academic and industry
panels for evaluating our students' work and their communication skill.

The symposium is held semi-annually for undergraduate students in their final year taking the
Thesis subject. Due to the globally alarming COVID-19 pandemic, we observe the new norm and
hence, brought the symposium on virtual platform. We are also aware of how the pandemic has
presented a new challenge upon us, where face-to-face interaction is limited, resulting in many
social activities to be conducted online. The world is undergoing a fundamental transformation,
altering how we live, work, and think. In addition, the fourth industrial revolution is ushering in
dramatic change and opening window to exciting future full of new opportunities and challenges.
Thus, the theme of this symposium, "Emerging Science and Engineering Towards a Global Future
Challenges" accurately describes these areas of priority for solving global problems and is aligned
with the government’s policy as one of the key drivers to achieve the fourth Industrial Revolution.

Finally, we would like to apologize for any flaws or setbacks that occur during the symposium.
Again, on behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to welcome you to FELS-US 2021 and
hope that you will receive the utmost benefits from attending this symposium. Take precautions and
stay at home, as the number of COVID-19 cases remains high and active. I hope all participants,
speakers and panels will enjoy the symposium as much as we enjoy organizing it.

Thank you.

Dr. Roshani Othman
Programme Director
2nd FELS-US 2021

3

ABSTRACTS:

ADVANCED MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENT
AND SUSTAINABILITY

ID TITLE PAGE LIST OF ABSTRACTS

AM01 REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY 4
USING BIOADSORBENT FROM BANANA PSEUDO STEM 5
6
AM02 PERFORMANCE OF CORN HUSK FIBER REINFORCED
AM03 THERMOPLASTIC BIOCOMPOSITES

DYEING OF TEXTILE USING DIFFERENT MORDANTS,
MORDANTING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON
FASTNESS PROPERTIES

AM04 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES 7
AM06 MODIFIED TEXTILE WASTE/BASALT FIBRE HYBRID 8
COMPOSITES

EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND VEGETABLE
FLOATING BED IN NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM CLARIAS
GARIEPINUS HATCHERY; A WATER MONITORING SYSTEM
USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

AM07 PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE CONTAINING PALM OIL 9
SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT

AM08 STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE DOOR USING 10
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

AM01

REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING
BIOADSORBENT FROM BANANA PSEUDO STEM
Ahmad Farhan Aminuddin1 and Noor Halini Baharim

Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This study focuses on the removal efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye concentration in
aqueous solution using banana pseudo-stem (BPS) as bioadsorbent. Banana pseudo-stem
was converted into two types of bioadsorbent; oven dried BPS at 108 °C and BPS biochar
derived from pyrolysis at a temperature of 300 °C. The optimum conditions for the
adsorption parameters; pH of solution, adsorbent dose, temperature, initial MB dye
concentration and contact time were studied. The percentage MB removal efficiency was
calculated using the MB concentration measured with double beam UV-VIS
Spectrophotometer. Adsorption experiments showed that oven dried BPS was optimized at
pH 6 (96.1%), 0.2 g in dosage (96.2%), temperature at 40 °C (96.0%), 25 mg/L of initial
MB dye concentration (94.4%) and 90 minutes contact time (96.1%). For the BPS biochar,
the optimum conditions were obtained at pH 7 (98.5%), 0.25 g in dosage (98.7%),
temperature at 40 °C (98.5%), 25 mg/L of initial MB dye concentration (98.7%) and 90
minutes contact time (98.6%). The results indicated both oven dried BPS and biochar
derived from banana pseudo-stem can be utilized as potential bioadsorbent in removing
methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. However, BPS biochar showed more satisfying
performance than oven dried BPS since removal efficiencies of methylene blue dye
concentration were higher than 98.0% at optimum conditions.

Keywords : methylene blue removal; banana pseudo stem; bioadsorbent; biochar

4

AM02

PERFORMANCE OF CORN HUSK FIBER REINFORCED
THERMOPLASTIC BIOCOMPOSITES

Siti Nur Sarwati Azmi and Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed*
Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
• E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This paper presented on how corn husk fibre (CHF) with High Density
Polyethylene/Polyolefin Elastomer (HDPE/POE) biocomposites were prepared by melt
blending using Brabender Plasti-Corder Lab-Station internal mixer. The intention of this
study was to investigate the effect of CHF on HDPE/POE biocomposites and to diminish
the problems produced by the agricultural residues profitably. Mechanical properties such
as tensile strength, elongation at break and tensile modulus were measured with matrix
composition of HDPE/POE at 60:40 and 40:60 ratios of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% CHF.
Tensile strength of HDPE/POE biocomposites 60:40 ratio showed a decreasing pattern
with increasing fibre content. While HDPE/POE biocomposites at 40:60 ratio shows the
lowest tensile strength at 30% fibre content. However, elongation at break was decreased
with increasing of fibre content and tensile modulus was increase with increasing the fibre
content for both HDPE/POE matrices ratio. The study revealed that the addition of CHF
increased the stiffness of HDPE/POE matrix wherein lowering the flexibility of the
composites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrograph was used to observe
the fibre dispersion, matrix wetting as well as physical interactions between the fibre and
the matrix. This study shows that the effects of fibre loading on mechanical properties and
morphology were influenced by CHF.
Keywords: Biocomposites, Mechanical Properties, Natural Fibre

5

AM03

DYEING OF TEXTILE USING DIFFERENT MORDANTS, MORDANTING
TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FASTNESS PROPERTIES

Qistina Haziqah Binti Ramli, Rodiah Binti Mohd Hassan and Norakma binti Mohd Nor
Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University Selangor, Bestari Jaya

Campus, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 456000 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The uses of synthetic dyes in textile industries give a negative impact to the environment
and causing many pollutions, hence to avoid it, natural dyes are used instead. Many
researches study on natural dyes as substitute to synthetic dyes in textile the industry.
Natural dyes usually connect with mordant as it helps in dye take-up and increases in
colour fastness. Most commonly used metal mordant in natural dye are aluminium
potassium sulphate (KAI(SO₄)₂.12H₂O₂), ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄.7H₂O), and copper
sulphate (CuSO₄.5H₂O). The uses of different types of mordant on natural dyes give a
variety of shades, colour and also increase the fastness properties in fabric dyeing. The
process can be done in three techniques of mordanting, which are pre-mordanting, post-
mordanting and meta-mordanting or known as (simultaneously mordanting). There are
several studies that show an improvement on the scoring of fastness properties from
moderate to excellent ranging (3 - 5) by using mordant compared to the result of un-
mordanted fabric. It can be concluded, that the best mordanting techniques being
employed in most studies are pre-mordanting technique and ferrous sulphate is shown to
have the best impact on most of the fastness properties.
Keywords: fastness properties; mordant, mordanting; natural dyes; synthetic dyes

6

AM04

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES MODIFIED
TEXTILE WASTE/BASALT FIBRE HYBRID COMPOSITES

Kevinrragulen Vijayaragulan and Norazean Shaari @ Md. Noh
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The awareness about recycling and reusing textile waste been often overlooked and the
mass dumping of textile waste caused a lot of environmental issues. A lot of studies and
research been done by material engineers to reuse the textile wastes as composite
materials. This would open an immense scope in coming times in terms of environmental
sustainability and leads towards minimal pollution due to textile waste. This research study
presented to investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes modification on the mechanical
properties of textile waste/basalt fibre hybrid composite material. The composite
specimens were fabricated using compression moulding technique. Fabricated specimens
were tested using mechanical tests such as Open Hole Tensile Test, Compression Test and
Low Velocity Impact Test according to the ASTM standards. The density of the specimens
was found using Archimedes principle. All the damage pattern of the specimens been
observed macroscopically by naked eye. The mechanical tests have proven hybridisation
and nanomodification can improve the mechanical properties of the composite especially
impact and tensile properties. The compressive stress value for the specimens does not
show any significant improvement by hybridisation and nanomodification as MWCNT is
not strong under axial compression. The macroscopic observation supports the result
stated.

Keywords : Hybridisation; Nano-modification; Mechanical Test

7

AM06

EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND VEGETABLE FLOATING BED IN
NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM CLARIAS GARIEPINUS HATCHERY; A

WATER MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

Nur Izzati Emalia, Hazmin Mansor
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Science,

Universiti Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Aquaponics is an efficient method that merges both of aquaculture and hydroponic in
single system for fish and crop growth. The wastewater inside the aquaponics system has
created an issue of ammonia content. To enhance the treatment system, a hybrid of
activated carbon as an absorption to the system is studied. The investigated parameters are
dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, total suspended solids (TSS)
and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results revealed that by adding Lettuce (Lactuca
sativa L.) hybrid with activated carbon to the aquaponic system has greatly improve the
productivity growth while reducing the anomia nitrogen concentration at the discharge
point. Besides, pH levels in aquaculture systems should be between 6.5 and 8.5. Dissolved
oxygen and temperature in the aquaponic system using African catfish and lettuce
throughout the experimental period was in the range of 4.0 – 6.0 mg/L of DO and 26.2°C,
respectively where is suitable for both fish and plant. Besides, it was discovered that as
ammonia nitrogen concentration has been effectively removed by 75%, water pH
increased between 6.0 -7.8. Ammonia level in aquaponics was, in fact, below 0.1 mg/L.
Total suspended solids (TSS) in recirculating aquaculture systems have a potential for
African catfish wealth. The Arduino microcontroller was used as the device for monitoring
and control the conditions of water quality. Thus, the suitability of aquaponics system
(Clarias gariepinus and lettuce) treated with the activated carbon can be evaluated.

Keywords : Aquaponics, Clarias gariepinus, Lactuca sativa L., Ammonia, Activated
carbon

8

AM07

PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE CONTAINING PALM OIL SHELL AS
COARSE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
Liban Abdi Khalif and Ir. Rabitah Handan

Civil Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life
Sciences, Universiti Selangor (UNISEL), Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract

The use of sustainable materials in the construction industry is becoming a trend these
days. This study investigates an environmentally friendly and affordable alternative for the
lightweight concrete industries, exploring the usage of palm oil shells (POS) as an
aggregate replacement. POS is a by-product of the palm oil industry. This study aims to
investigate the performance of POS in concrete mixes in terms of workability, compressive
strength, and density. The POS is of size 12 mm. The concrete samples are prepared using
POS to partially replace coarse aggregate at 0%, 5.0%, 15%, and 25%. The water-cement
ratio of 0.5 is selected because it provided the most suitable workability for concrete with
partial replacement of the coarse aggregate with POS. The results of compressive strength
show that the strength of concrete decreased with increasing POS concrete. However, the
strength indicates that a concrete mix with 15% partial replacement of POS has a
compressive strength of 26.01 MPa on the 28th day, which is much greater than 0% POS
(i.e. the controlled sample), which has a lower value of 24.56 MPa.

Keywords: palm oil shell, Portland cement, coarse aggregate, workability, compressive
strength test, density.

9

AM08

STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE DOOR USING
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

Kalaivani A/P Subramaniam and Sree Rama Dasson
Mechanical Engineering Division, Engineering Division,
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya Campus,
Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Honeycomb structures, which were inspired by bee honeycombs, have a wide range of
applications in architecture, transportation, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering,
and nanofabrication. Finite element analysis was used to study the behaviour of the
honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structures' response was investigated by inserting it
in an automobile door. The honeycomb structure is implemented between the inner and
outer shells of the car door. An investigation of sandwich honeycomb panels' deflection
behavior was conducted using aluminium material (grade 5083). Six different thicknesses
of the specimen with and without aluminium honeycomb structure were designed and
tested under finite element analysis for four different loadings. These finite element
analyses were done stimulated by using Catia V5r19 software. Differences between
specimens with honeycomb structure and without honeycomb structure results are
discussed. Furthermore, the effect of the design's simulation behaviour is discussed and
compared. The result obtained proves that the deflection of the honeycomb structure
deferred when the thickness changed and changes under different loadings. The higher the
honeycomb structure's thickness, the lower the deflection, and vice versa, along with the
honeycomb structure. Therefore, honeycomb structures are better implemented on car
doors than the currently implemented car door method, which is an empty structure, is
proved.

Keywords : Honeycomb structure; aluminum 5083; deformation behaviors; mechanical

properties; finite element analysis

10

ABSTRACTS:
SYSTEM DESIGN & INSTRUMENTATION

ID TITLE PAGE

DI01 PROGRESSIVE FAILURE ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED 11 LIST OF ABSTRACTS
DI02 COMPOSITE PLATE USING FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION 12
DI03 13
DI04 SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM 14
DI05 15
DI06 ANALYSIS ON THE POTENTIAL AND PERFORMANCES OF 16
LIGHTNING POWER AND ITS HARNESSING SYSTEM
DI07 17
AN ANALYSIS OF INTERLEAVED HIGH GAIN DC-DC
CONVERTER WITH VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER

DESIGN OF A RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM IN KUALA
LUMPUR USING ARDUINO

ERGONOMICS RISK ASSESSMENT AND POSTURE ANALYSIS
OF THE WORKERS PERFORMING FABRICATION TASK IN A
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF STAIR CLIMBING WHEELCHAIR

DI09 BASELINE ENERGY MODEL DEVELOPMENT USING 18
DI11 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK: SMALL DATASET 19
DI12 APPROACH 20
DI13 21
DI14 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON SEVERAL MODIFIED 22
DI17 RADIATOR FIN DESIGNS USING COMPUTER AIDED 23
ENGINEERING (CAE)

ERGONOMICS RISK ASSESSMENT AND POSTURE ANALYSIS
OF THE WORKERS PERFORMING INSPECTION TASK IN A
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXOSKELETON VARIABLE
DEVICE

INTERDIGITATED ELECTRODE(IDE) DEVELOPMENT FOR
COOKING OIL DETECTION USING AD5933 IMPEDANCE
ANALYZER

SOMALI PRONUNCIATION TRANSLATION FROM VOICE TO
ENGLISH TEXT USING MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON
TECHNIQUE

ID TITLE PAGE

DI18 PORTABLE AC/DC (RENEWABLE ENERGY) POWER SUPPLY 24 LIST OF ABSTRACTS
DI19 FOR DOMESTIC USE 25
DI20 26
DI21 POWER-DRIVE MODIFICATION OF SIDE BY SIDE VEHICLE 27
DI22 28
TO STUDY ON HYDROGEN AIR FUEL RATIO FOR
DI23 HYDROGEN DIESEL ENGINE 29

DI24 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CROSS-FLOW MICRO 30

DI26 ESTABLISHMENT OF A SINGLE ITERATION EXPLICIT 31
DI27 APPROXIMATIONS OF THE COLEBROOK EQUATION WITH 32
BETTER ACCURACY
DI28 33
PREDICTION OF CRACK FOR RAILWAY TRACK
DI29 APPLICATION VIA METAL MAGNETIC MEMORY (MMM) 34
DI30 TECHNIQUE USING STATISTICAL APPROACH 35

IN-SITU NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM CLARIAS GARIEPINUS
HATCHERY BY VEGETABLE ON FLOATING BED COUPLED
WITH ATTACHED GROWTH MEDIA; A WATER MONITORING
USING ARDUINO MICRCONTROLLER

A STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

ANALYSIS OF INCREASED WIND LOAD ON BRACED FRAME
IRREGULAR MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES DUE TO EFFECTS
OF CLIMATE CHANGE

EFFECT OF SUPPORT DOMAIN ON RADIAL POINT
INTERPOLATION METHOD (RPIM) FOR DISPLACEMENT
ANALYSIS IN 2D PROBLEM

APPLICATION OF DRONE FOR THE PURPOSE OF SECURED
AREA AT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND LIFE SCIENCE

IOE – BASED TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR
CONTINUOUS VEHICLE REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING
AND PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

ID TITLE PAGE LIST OF ABSTRACTS

DI31 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COOLING MECHANISM FOR 36
PORTABLE AS/DC (RENEWABLE ENERGY) POWER SUPPLY
DI32 SYSTEM 37
DI33 38
DI34 IMAGE PROCESSING ON VEHICLE RECOGNITION FOR 39
VEHICLE DENSITY

METAL MAGNETIC MEMORY BEHAVIOR OF CARBON STEEL
UNDER FATIGUE TESTING CONDITION

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF "SIDE BY SIDE" VEHICLE (SSV)
SUSPENSION SYSTEM

DI01

PROGRESSIVE FAILURE ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE
USING FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION

Ainul Ameeza Pauzee and Mohd Arif Mat Norman
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti

Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Email:[email protected]
Abstract

This study aims to investigate the progressive failure analysis of laminated composite plate
using finite element simulation and hybridization to the failure behavior of Kevlar Epoxy
and Glass Epoxy composite laminates under uniaxial tension. The composite laminates
made of Kevlar Epoxy and Glass Epoxy and their hybridizations were modelled using
finite element analysis software, ANSYS APDL. The failure at every angle were analyzed.
Numerical validation also carried out prior to analysis. The failure behavior of composite
laminates is very much dependent on the angles of fiber orientation in all cases. Generally,
this study is useful, has contributed significant knowledge to better understanding the
effect of Kevlar/E-glass in hybridization on failure behaviours and this knowledge also
could be expanded in designing composite laminates.
Keywords : Composite Plate; Kevlar Epoxy; Glass Epoxy, Hybridizations

11

DI02

SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM
Tharuma Raj Mari and Hashimah Ismail
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor

E-mail : [email protected]
Abstract

As the city's population is growing day by day, as well as the number of cars on the
highways, traffic congestion at the junctions is now becoming a massive problem for many
major cities. The limitation of the techniques and algorithms used in the current traffic
light system could be one of the reasons behind this traffic crisis, which is unable to adjust
to the rapidly evolving traffic situation and consequently contributes to the spread of traffic
congestion and the rise in road accidents. Therefore, to improve the traffic flow, a smart
traffic light control system is proposed. In this project, a Smart Traffic Light Control
System (STLCS) is proposed with the software hardware modules. SCILAB software has
been selected to develop a condition statement function algorithm IF/ELSE with certain
conditions to optimize traffic flow in traffic T-junction, especially during peak hours. The
developed STLCS is comprised of a microcontroller board, which is Raspberry Pi 4. This
project shows that STLCS can be controlled effectively based on traffic conditions. It can
improve the traffic flow at a junction.
Keywords: Smart Traffic Light Control System; condition statement; algorithm; T-
junction

12

DI03

ANALYSIS ON THE POTENTIAL AND PERFORMANCES OF
LIGHTNING POWER AND ITS HARNESSING SYSTEM

P. Punitha1, Siti Birkha Mohd Ali1
1Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, UNISEL

E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Malaysia's power generation is extremely dependent on the fossil fuels, which is no longer
sustainable and contributes to environmental degradation. Besides solar and hydropower,
harnessing power from lightning strikes could be possibly one of the sensible solutions for the
country to overcome this issue as Malaysia is known to experience the highest occurrence of
lightning strikes. Unfortunately, there has been very limited and reliable data for Malaysia
application. Therefore, this research was carried out to analyse the potential and performances of
power harvesting system through lightning strikes in Malaysia. Van De Graaff (VDG) which
produce artificial lightning has enables the measurement of the spark length which allow sensible
parameters to be inculcate in designing a lightning power harvesting system through
MATLAB/SIMULINK. In conclusion, Malaysia has experienced a 50% yearly rise in cloud-to-
ground lightning discharge. The experimental result and the Sphere Gap Method had proved that a
10% increment of the dome size lead to 30% impulse voltage increment. Besides, temperatures
drop of 10°C had caused significant changes in the impulse voltage. Therefore, a 20% increment in
both parameters has enhanced the lightning harvesting capabilities. A street lighting application was
used to analysed the harvesting system performances. The findings proved that the power
harnessing process from lightning strikes is one of the sensible alternatives for power generation in
Malaysia.

Keywords : Renewable energy, Lightning power, Cloud-to-Ground (CG), Sphere Gap
Method, Lightning Power Harvesting System (LPHS).

13

DI04

AN ANALYSIS OF INTERLEAVED HIGH GAIN DC-DC CONVERTER
WITH VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER.

Mohamed Mustafa Ibrahim , Rohaizah Mohd Ghazali ,
1Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

DC power distribution is an appealing prospect in many applications, including
telecommunications, data centres, commercial buildings and microgrids. A dc-dc power
converter for high gain may be utilized to independently link low voltage components like
solar panels, fuel cells and batteries to the 400 V dc voltage bus. In this thesis, a
comparative analysis of some of the existing topologies and their construction is
presented. Next, a non-isolated high voltage gain interleaved converter with voltage
multiplier is introduced. This converter offer a voltage gain of 20 and to step up a 20 V
input to 400 V output. It can draw power from a single source as well as from two
independent sources and continuous input current in both cases. The voltage multiplier
creates extra boost in high voltage gain under same duty cycle and similar turns ratio.
Moreover, the proposed converter is symmetric, the semiconductor components
experience same voltage and current stresses which therefore reduces the effort and
time spent in the component selection during the system design. The converters
presented are extremely efficient and modular. The results are provided handling
operating modes, dc voltage gain, and design processes of the converter. A 200 W, 0.5
A simulation model is proposed to validate the design. The results obtained from the
simulation agree with the required ratings.
Keywords: high-voltage-gain dc-dc; power electronic converter

14

DI05

YOUR PHOTO

DESIGN OF A RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM IN KUALA LUMPUR
USING ARDUINO

Salah Hussein Yahye
[email protected]

Abstract

Water is one of the important resources in our daily life. Thus, the lack of rainfall in the
catchment area caused water supply shortage in Kuala Lumpur is almost critical level. The
aim of this research is to build a prototype of rain water harvesting system and monitoring
the level of water using Internet of Things (IoT). This present study concerns with a
developing more efficient method by introducing a proposed design of a Rain Water
Harvesting System which is based on Arduino as an IoT application. Thing speak website
cloud platform is to collect the whole data of the rainwater aimed to increase the ground
storage capacity. After collecting water in a ground tank, the proposed design employs an
ultrasonic sensor to detect the level of water. The sensor analog output is fed to the
Arduino board as an input signal. The Arduino then reads the low and medium height of
the water and reports the depth of the tank the water tank level and the motor is ON when
the water level sensor is put in the water tank and OFF when the sensor is not in the water
tank. The LCD screen will display if the water level in the tank is high, medium or empty.
The presented result shows that the method works well.

Keywords: Rain Water Harvesting System; Arduino; Rain drop; IoT; Flow water Sensor;
Thing speak

15

DI06

ERGONOMICS RISK ASSESSMENT AND POSTURE ANALYSIS OF
THE WORKERS PERFORMING FABRICATION TASK IN A
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

Aishah Binti Abdul Rahim, Nazlin Hanie Bt Abdullah
Advanced Materials & Manufacturing Research Group (AMMRG),

Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The number of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) to fabrication workers in Malaysia
industry is still increasing due to lack of ergonomic design workstation and working area which
expose to ergonomics risk and these factor caused unsafe working condition to the workers. The aim
of this study is to observe existing work practises and determine whether employees are exposed or
not to ergonomic risk factor contributed to musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). To investigate the
existence of MSD, Cornell Questionnaire is used to obtain all data fabrication. To evaluate the current
work practice, Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) is used. Besides that, the workers body posture is
analysed using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). For Ergonomics Risk Assessment part, it
was found that ergonomics concern score for work unit 1 and work unit 2 respectively. However, work
unit 1 has highest score compared to work unit 2 that can affect the MSD the most. The most affected
body part of the workers wrist and arm. The score RULA of analysis for the current task is 6 where it
has high risk score of body part at upper back, upper arm, lower back and lower leg. After
recommendation of engineering control was made, the total score of RULA was decreased to 4 which
indicated at low risk of RULA action levels after the improvement from current posture of RULA
score of the ergonomics principle to the proposed design. In conclusion, the proposed designed has
better ergonomic design where the table and chair height was increased. Moreover, the workers
performing fabrication task has better body posture as the RULA score obtained was 4. Thus, MSD
can be reduced and improved workers performance.

Keywords: Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA); Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD), RULA Analysis;
Postural Analysis

16

DI07

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF STAIR CLIMBING WHEELCHAIR

Vinotharan Vijayan, Yeow Seuk Fei
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, University

Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Wheelchair users still have problem to access facilities in business premises, workplaces, public
transport, and residential buildings. Many Malaysian cities have addressed the issue by providing
alternatives for architectural barriers such as providing ramps at entrance thresholds, lowering kerb,
ramps, and lifts; however, a wheelchair user must still negotiate a few architectural barriers such as
steep ramps in some buildings and poor maintenance of lifts in residential buildings, resulting in more
people needing assistance. This research introduces a new stair climbing wheelchair design that can be
balanced on star wheels to climb stairs with minimum support in public area. This research proposed
the conceptual design of a stair climbing wheelchair with recommendation of suitable frame design
and materials used for the wheel and frame of the wheelchair. The analysis on the stability and the 3D
Model of the conceptual design proposed are done using the SolidWorks software. Nowadays, the
SolidWorks environment is regarded as a powerful tool that aids designers in the development of
goods and their performance before to the actual prototype stage. The static analysis for the wheelchair
frame under the weight of human body was carried out through simulation model using the ANSYS
software. Materials properties for materials used in the design of the wheelchair are also analyzed
using ANSYS. The frame was statically analysed using titanium, carbon fibre and aluminium with
external force of 700N. It was found that the Von Mises stress for aluminium is 12.004 MPa, for
titanium 11.612 MPa and carbon fibre 11.982 MPa. The frame materials influenced the elastic and
vibration absorption properties of the material on the wheelchair's comfort. The difference in vibration
absorption between aluminium alloy, carbon fibre, and titanium alloy is negligible, but in terms of
elastic modules, aluminium alloy is 72GPa, carbon fibre is 228GPa, and titanium alloy is 105GPa. The
use of aluminium alloy is very justifiable when considering its light weight, ergonomics, and comfort
of materials. Titanium, if it can reduce costs, will have excellent growth prospects on the wheelchair
market.

Keywords: Stair climbing wheelchair; static analysis; SolidWorks;

17

DI09

BASELINE ENERGY MODEL DEVELOPMENT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORK: SMALL DATASET APPROACH

Farah Amira Zulfikri, Wan Nazirah Wan Md Adnan
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Malaysia is one of the developing countries in Southeast Asia. The population is growing
continuously, which is contributed to the increasing in energy consumption. Due to that, there is a
need to reduce energy consumption while maintaining productivity. This situation has prompted the
Malaysian government to take several initiatives to promote and implement energy management
programs to reduce energy consumption in Malaysia hence calculating savings. It is important to
develop the Measurement &Verification (M&V) baseline energy model in the baseline period to
accurately calculate energy savings in the post-retrofit period for any energy management programs.
Recently, Linear Regression (LR) is a method to develop the baseline energy model, but this method
is less suitable for non-linear data. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is the piece of a computing
system designed to simulate the way the human brain processes information that has been widely used
in predicting and forecasting in various fields. This study is to develop baseline energy models for
Option C International Performance of Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) using LR,
ANN and ANN with resampling techniques to compare and analyse the performance of these three
models based on their accuracy. The small dataset was chosen to examine the ability of the ANN
model to deal with less amount of data. Microsoft Excel was used to develop the LR model to
correlate the energy consumption as output and with several inputs which were working days, class
days and Cooling Degree Days. MATLAB software was used to develop the ANN and ANN with
resampling technique models using a single hidden layer with 3, 5 and 7 numbers of neurons in the
hidden layer. Cross validation (CV) was chosen as a resampling technique. The model with the highest
value of Coefficient of Correlation (R²) from LR and the highest value of all Rs from ANN and ANN
with resampling technique models were compared and analysed. Results show that ANN with
resampling technique model is the best model to choose for a small dataset due to having the highest
value of all Rs amongst the three models.

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network; Resampling Technique; Baseline Model; Energy consumption.

18

DI11

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON SEVERAL MODIFIED RADIATOR FIN
DESIGNS USING COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING (CAE)

Muhamad Amir Bukhari Bin Bakhtiar, and Siti Marhamah Binti Rosman
Faculty of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This thesis is about a structural design of the car’s radiator with different type of fin
design. When the radiator is installed on a moving vehicle, it is susceptible to various loads
such as bumping, lifting and braking during operation. These loads tend to cause stress in
the radiator's bolt area. The objective of this study is to run structural analysis on radiator
with different design of fin by using Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) in CATIA
V5R18 software to compare with the current design. Three different design modifications
have been drawn. Design 1 is rectangular with increase the thickness of fin, Design 2 is
designed in form of a wave shape, and Design 3 has add louvered on the fin surface. The
result shows the Von Mises and principal stress of each analysis. In conclusion, Design 1
is the best since it has the lowest maximum Von Mises which is 4.06 MPa during lifting
load and 4.58 MPa during bumping load but Design 2 has lowest maximum Von Mises
during braking load which is 3.22 MPa. The maximum Von Mises of Design 1 is further
before reaches its yield strength of aluminium material which is 241 MPa. Hence the
material will not yield and the radiator should be designed based on the Design 1.

19

DI12

ERGONOMICS RISK ASSESSMENT AND POSTURE ANALYSIS OF THE
WORKERS PERFORMING INSPECTION TASK IN A MANUFACTURING

INDUSTRY

Isaac Robert Gau and Nazlin Hanie Bt Abdullah
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The number of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) to inspection workers in Malaysia's
industry is still increasing due to lack of ergonomic design workstation and working area which
expose to ergonomics risk and these factors can cause unsafe working condition to the workers. The
aim of this study is to observe existing work practises and determine whether workers are exposed or
not to ergonomics risk factor which contributed to Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD). All 16 workers
participated in this study. The method used is Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires
(CMDQ) to investigate the existence of MSD. To evaluate the current work practice, Ergonomic Risk
Assessment (ERA) is used. Besides that, the workers body posture is analysed using Rapid Upper
Limb Assessment (RULA). For Ergonomics Risk Assessment part, it was found that the ergonomics
concern score for Work Unit 1, Work Unit 2 and Work Unit 3 were 3, 4 and 3 respectively. Therefore,
Work unit 2 has the highest score which is 4 compared the others that can affect the MSDs the most.
The most affected body part of the workers are neck, shoulder and lower back. The score of RULA
Analysis for the current task is 6 where it has high risk score of body part at wrist, arm, neck, trunk
and leg. After recommendation of engineering control was made, the total score of RULA was
decreased to 3 which indicated at low risk of RULA action levels after the improvement from current
posture of RULA score of the ergonomic principles to the proposed design. In conclusion, the
proposed design has better ergonomic design where the table height was increased and supported by a
product handler on top of the table. Moreover, the worker performing inspection task has a better body
posture as the RULA score obtained was 3. Thus, MSD can be reduced and improve workers
performance.

Keywords: Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA); RULA Analysis; Postural Analysis

20

DI13

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXOSKELETON VARIABLE DEVICE

Rubarihalini Sathiaseelan and Mohd Emran Rusli
Faculty of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor,

Kampus Bestari Jaya, 45600 Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

It is challenging to stand and work for an overall shift in the company by a worker. Thus,
this will reduce the efficiency of the worker and reduces the product target of a company.
Mechanical ergonomics device is designed around the shape and function of the human
body, with segments and joints corresponding to those of the person it is externally
coupled with. The main goal of this research is to design the exoskeleton, then identify the
suitable material which can resist the maximum load and analyse the stress on essential
parameters. To identify the stresses, a design has been developed using Solidwork
software. In order to analyse the stresses Finite Element Method has been used in the same
software. Mesh was created to the model and conduct the finited element analysis under
static condition. Von Mises Stress and displacement were analysed. Thus, the result
showed that maximum total displacement limit values for the variable chair are
Aluminium (26.16197968mm), Titanium (20.96975517mm) and Carbon Fiber
(13.97477531mm). Comparison of these three materials, Aluminium has the highest
deformation value. Aluminium would not be the wrong choice because although it is not as
strong as Titanium and Carbon fiber still it is under a strong material category. Besides, it
is also affordable to be purchased compared to carbon fiber and titanium, and also easy to
manufactured.

Keywords : Passive Exoskeleton; Mechanical Design; Solidwork Software; FEA;
Aluminium; Titanium; Carbon Fiber

21

DI14

PHOTO

INTERDIGITATED ELECTRODE(IDE) DEVELOPMENT FOR COOKING OIL
DETECTION USING AD5933 IMPEDANCE ANALYZER

Sasichandran A/L Rabichandran
Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This study consists design of Interdigitated Electrodes using AutoCAD to detect the
chemical solution. Three different types of IDE sensors were designed based on the
different type parameters such as the effect of length, width, space between electrodes, and
the sensing area of the interdigitated electrode which was analyzed with chemical solution
characterization. These IDEs were fabricated on FR-4 by used a photolithography
technique. The sensing approach was based on determining the impedance value of the
sensor when material under test (MUT) which was proposed at the sensing area. The IDEs
is experimentally introduced such as sensing element for the liquid substances such as the
olive oil, the olive oil with chicken fat and olive oil with fish fat. The impedance value was
collected and analyzed with an LCR meter and AD5933 impedance analyzer. The data has
been recorded from the impedance analyzer and tabulated by using Microsoft excel. From
the experiment assessment, the sensible shift of impedance value establishes the
introduction material under test (MUT). This experiment will be determining all types of
parameters that affect the impedance value of the liquid substances. Wherefore, the
impedance measurement is given by the sensor proposed which is the capability to prepare
the information for the liquid detection

Keywords: IDE; LCR meter; AD5933; olive oil

22

DI17

SOMALI PRONUNCIATION TRANSLATION FROM VOICE TO ENGLISH
TEXT USING MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON TECHNIQUE

Mohamed Osman Said, Hasliza Abu Hassan
Industrial Electronics and Applications Research Group, Department of Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor
45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Speech is an extremely powerful, efficient, and quick way for humans to communicate
with one another. This, as the most effective mode of communication, might also serve as
a helpful interface for interacting with devices. Consequently, the popularity of speech
recognition systems has skyrocketed. Therefore, this project aims to investigate the
performance of 10 randomly selected Somali words. In this project, speech pre-processing
is intended in eliminating the irrelevant sources of variation. It ultimately improves the
accuracy of speech recognition. The pre-processing standardized data generally involves
rearranged collected data, smoothing and standardized the size. Mel Frequency Spectrum
Coefficient (MFCC) technique was used to extract features in the voice signals. Then, a
three-layered of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) structure was used for classification with
sigmoid transfer functions in both the hidden and output layers. The hidden units used
were 15 hidden units. The classification accuracy of is further investigated based on the
hidden units. From experimentation, the classifier with 15 hidden units shows the highest
accuracy rate which is 91.5% of the training confusion matrix and 72.5% of the testing
confusion matrix. The scaled conjugate gradient was used as the training algorithm. The
final project is to translate 10 Somali pronunciations to English text and the finding shows
that all Somali pronunciations were successfully translated to English text respectively.

Keywords: Somali Language; Multilayer Perceptron; Mel Frequency Cepstrum
Coefficient.

23

DI18

PORTABLE AC/DC (RENEWABLE ENERGY) POWER SUPPLY
FOR DOMESTIC USE

Ahmad Irwan Mohammad Khairuzzaman and Mohd Darnalis A.Rahman
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti

Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The number of world population has increased significantly over the years proportional to
the amount of energy used. While significant part of our daily energy is made by non-
renewable substance, this substance causes immense pollutions on earth. This study aims
to design, build and test an AC/DC domestic renewable energy generator. Derived from
that, the product that was made was a solar powered generator. The objective of this study
was to find a clean and renewable source of energy for domestic and public purposes. The
total period for project completion was eight months. The amount of upfront budget was
considerably low to purchase the necessary parts for the project and some of it does come
with a hefty price e.g. lithium ion battery pack and inverter. A prototype was made during
the early stages of the study and later polished. The solar generator casing was made 3D
printed, a 3D model was designed using Autodesk. Due to early mentioned budget
restriction, the materials of the casing that was chosen was polylactic acid (PLA). PLA is
the cheapest and easiest material to be used in 3D printing. The results that were gathered
from this study are to fully charge a lithium ion battery pack takes a significant amount of
time but the lasting period is tripled the amount of time it takes to fully charged. Due to
budget restrain of the author, the product price is comparably high but it was still below
market prices of current product.

Keywords: energy, AC/DC, domestic, renewable, solar

24

DI19

POWER-DRIVE MODIFICATION OF SIDE BY SIDE VEHICLE

Anandaraj Vijayakumar, Nor laili bt Mahmud and Dr. Ir. Muhidin Arifin
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Utility Terrain Vehicles such as Side-by-side model is specifically designed for transporting human
and hauling goods which requires high safety and stability when passing through an uneven surface.
Besides that, side by side vehicles are also under the UTV category, which can be used more for work
than recreation in industries such as agriculture and ranching. The current side by side vehicle concern
the performance of transmission, especially moving on uneven and hilly surface, due to the old
performance of side by side vehicle having difficulties to perform specific job on off-roads. Therefore,
power drive system that need to modified with less maintenance acquire for current side by side
vehicle. The aim of this study is the design a proper power-drive system and to determine the torque
efficiency of power-drive in (SSV) through Solidworks software for the model of power-drive of
(SSV). Next, the stimulation has been conducted in the same Solidworks software to determine the
torque efficiency on rear sprocket wheel. It was found that the maximum torque produced in 0.52
second which is 324.83Nm. The peak torque generated by a power-drive system is a critical and
frequently mentioned characteristic. Peak torque is useful in explaining how rapidly a vehicle
accelerates and its ability to draw a load in practical terms. Besides that, the speed when it is most
efficient, an engine's torque reaches its maximum value. In other words, at a certain speed, the engine's
efficiency is at its peak, and it produces its peak torque. As the engine speed is increased above this
point, the torque begins to decrease due to increased friction between the moving elements of the
engine. The optimal design structure for designing a powertrain system for a simple vehicle is based
on proper and detailed analysis and calculation of the drive mechanism and transmission. The power-
drive kinematic diagrams show the estimated force and torque along a set of sprockets that are
factored by the CVT transmission. When the engine runs, the peak response force is 1739.71N. The
improvement will be a slight change to overcome the limitations of, time, knowledge, and availability
in the size of the rear sprocket by machining it with an exact tool.

Keywords: Torque analysis; "Side-by-Side" Vehicle (SSV); Power-drive System;

25

DI20

TO STUDY ON HYDROGEN AIR FUEL RATIO FOR
HYDROGEN DIESEL ENGINE

Viknesh a/l S.Balachandran, Mohamed Faisal bin Abdul Waduth,
Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Muhidin bin Arifin

Advanced Materials & Manufacturing Research Group (AMMR),
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya Campus,

Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Diesel engines are inevitable parts of our daily life and will be in the future. The drastic
increase in the price of gasoline has prompted anticipations in the last several years for
alternate diesel fuel uses. This study is to investigates the working mechanism of hydrogen
as an additional substance in diesel engines and analyse the differences between a normal
diesel engine working mechanism. Basically, hydrogen has an equitable combustion
property where it could benefit the automotive industry by improving fuel consumption of
a diesel engine. The hydrogen gas which used as an additive substance in gaseous state
introduced into intake manifold using gas injectors. Besides, the diesel fuel will be injected
into combustion cylinder in the engine using diesel injector. The objective of this study is
to formulate the hydrogen/air fuel ratio which have a potential on improving the fuel
consumption of a diesel vehicle. Meanwhile, several engine dynamic equations acquired
based on the engine working mechanism to develop the simulation using
MATLAB/Simulink computing platform where several quantities were monitored to
evaluate the fuel consumption

Keywords: Hydrogen; diesel engine; intake manifold; combustion cylinder; air fuel ratio;
fuel consumption; MATLAB/Simulink

26

DI21

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CROSS-FLOW MICRO

Charles Carry A/L Jamesson Anderwilson and
Assoc. Prof. Mr. Nurudin Bin Habeed Mohd Abdul Settar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor.

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Electrical energy is essential to our daily human lives as we depend on this to power our devices
and machines daily. Innovators worldwide have come up with various innovations to extract
electricity from renewable sources such as wind, water, and sunlight. Hydropower is the most
important and widely-used renewable source of energy. Hydropower represents about 17%
(International Energy Agency) of total electricity production. The cross-flow hydropower
turbine has acquired much consideration. It is a low head turbine and utilized at remote locations
where a little head of 10-15 meters can be acquired from a given area and is cheap to build as it
does not require any dam structure. This project involves designing a cross-flow turbine with
satisfactory efficiency and running a CFD simulation to examine output power and efficiency
changes with several selected flowrates. The turbine's finished design has been performed
alongside model analysis of the turbine in a cloud-based CFD test system called Simscale. The
turbine performance chart is plotted with the help of simulation torque data. The efficiency of
the cross-flow turbine is a component of a few design parameters and flowrate. These
parameters incorporate runner breadth, runner length, runner speed, and the number of blades.
Consequently, we can see from the perceptions that a Cross-flow turbine is reasonable for a low
head and a large stream. Furthermore, the maximum average efficiency is 86.56% for different
values of water flow rate. The maximum theoretical efficiency was calculated to be around
88%. However, the maximum efficiency achieved by the CFD simulation is about 84.3% at
peak power output, which is also very good for a low head and small-scale hydropower plant.
The scope of the micro scale plant for future development is high as there is a lot of need of
energy at portable spots like mountain and hill regions or some provincial towns where there is
uprising need for electrical power generation in the present vast development of technologies.

Keywords: hydro turbine, cross-flow, CFD, Simscale, efficiency, flow rate

27

DI22

ESTABLISHMENT OF A SINGLE ITERATION EXPLICIT APPROXIMATIONS
OF THE COLEBROOK EQUATION WITH BETTER ACCURACY

Sulaiman Shah Mirsa Hussain and Nurudin Habeed Mohammad Abd. Settar
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Determining Darcy's friction factor is an essential aspect in a pipe flow for multiple
applications that deals with fluids in a system. The Colebrook equation is the most well-
known method to obtain friction factor, especially in a turbulent flow, but it requires
multiple numerical iterations. While many approximations have been proposed over the
years, this research has generated a new single iteration explicit approximation with better
accuracy. The friction factor and statistical error have been computed for the Colebrook
approximations using Microsoft Excel, and three best approximations have been selected
to be compared with the new approximation. The statistical error was computed using
Relative Error, Absolute Error, Mean Relative Error (MRE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE),
and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The best Colebrook approximations were found to be
Haaland (1983), Beluco-Schettini (2016), and Azizi-Homayoon-Hojjati (2018). A new
approximation has been generated by choosing a randomized value for the parameters in
the generic model approximations, and the statistical analysis has been computed to
confirm its accuracy by using Microsoft Excel. The new approximations have been
considered as acceptable as it shows to have better accuracy. The new single iterations
explicit approximation has the benefit of being explicit. Thus, it does not require any
iteration to compute the friction factor. The results obtained show that the new
approximation has a lower error than other single iteration explicit approximations.

Keywords: Darcy friction factor; Colebrook's equation

28

DI23

PREDICTION OF CRACK FOR RAILWAY TRACK APPLICATION
VIA METAL MAGNETIC MEMORY (MMM) TECHNIQUE USING

STATISTICAL APPROACH
Arveeinda Kumar s/o Ganasan*, Mohd Azam Bin Mohd Adnan, and Mazian Mohammad

Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract

This study presents the link between the metal magnetic memory signal and the cycle of
the specimen by observing metal magnetic memory signals at different cycles of the
specimen. It is carried out utilising one of the non-destructive testing methods for
evaluating components without affecting their use once evaluated. To acquire signals, two
specimens of carbon steel SAE 1045 that had already been bending tested were paired with
a metal magnetic memory TSCM-2FM. The metal magnetic memory signals were
compared to determine the material's failure point using a statistical approach, kurtosis.
According to the findings, the closer the crack distance (40 - 60mm), the higher the stress
concentration (300 - 430 A/mm). Thus, it can be concluded that when the kurtosis value
approaches above 3, the specimen is on the verge of failing. These findings can be utilised
as a starting point for crack initiation in carbon steel components.
Keywords: Metal magnetic memory (MMM); carbon steel; statistical analysis

29

DI24

IN-SITU NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM CLARIAS GARIEPINUS HATCHERY
BY VEGETABLE ON FLOATING BED COUPLED WITH ATTACHED
GROWTH MEDIA; A WATER MONITORING USING ARDUINO
MICRCONTROLLER

Erin Marissa Ramlan , Hazmin Mansor
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor.
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Aquaponics is a method of combining aquaculture and plant growing. Aquaculture
farming generates both solid and liquid waste, which comes from faeces and leftover fish
feed. The accumulation of waste can lead to a deterioration in water quality, which affects
the physiological processes, behaviour, growth, and mortality of fish. In this study, the
objectives are to measure the water quality parameter in the aquaponic system along with a
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) application. Technological innovation is required to
manage water quality and increase productivity of both selected plant and fish, water
spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus). The results showed
that the growth performance of African catfish in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was in the
average of 1.07. The average of aquaponics recirculating system removed dissolved
oxygen (BOD) with 4.9mg/L, nitrite (NO2-) with 0.0707 mg/L and nitrate (NO3-) with
18.0775 mg/L. It was found that the nutrient removal in the aquaponic system and water
quality parameters maintained within the acceptable and safe limits for growth and
survival of fish. Arduino microcontroller will then be used to enhanced the water
parameter in the fish tank.

Keywords : Aquaponics system; nutrient removal; water quality; Arduino Microcontroller

30

DI26

A STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

J.M. Loong and Noora Samsina
Faculty of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor,

Bestari Jaya 45600 Selangor.
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract
Malaysia is a developing country which was required basic infrastructure in the cities.
Construction waste management is common issues in the construction industry. The waste
can bring negative impact to the construction cost and quality of construction. A lot of
waste material was produced due to the rapid growth of construction project, hence
becoming an environmental and health issues. The aim of this study to investigate the
construction waste management at Batu Pahat, Johor and the its effectiveness method. The
questionnaire was distributed to the construction player at Batu Pahat. From collected data,
it was found six type of construction wastes generated in construction site such as, bricks,
timber, concrete, sand, cement, metal and mortar. Cement mortar was the highest
construction site. The landfill and recycling were the common method used to manage the
construction waste. The current method used were effective in term more economical and
reduce environmental impact. The SPSS was used to determine the correlation between
existing method with effective method used to manage construction waste and the result
show the positive correlation between existing method and effective method used.
Keywords: Waste Management; Environment; Construction Waste.

31

DI27

ANALYSIS OF INCREASED WIND LOAD ON BRACED FRAME
IRREGULAR MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES DUE TO EFFECTS OF

CLIMATE CHANGE

Wonani Musopelo Mwanza, Azliza Abdullah
1Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600, Selangor.

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The global wind speed has increased in less than a decade. This is attributed to human-
induced climate change and is predicted to continue. Due to scarcity of land for
development and density problems, multi-storey buildings are being constructed to
solve the issues caused by the aforementioned. Wind is an important factor when it
comes to multi-storey building design. This study aims to analyse the behaviour of four
structures with no bracing, X-bracing, inverted V-bracing and single diagonal bracing
respectively when exposed to the same wind loads. To carry out the analysis,
STAAD.Pro was used to analyse the building models. Four wind load cases were
considered; average speed, 20%, 30% and 40% wind speed increments. The
displacements of the models under the different load cases were obtained from
STAAD.Pro. The results showed that bracing significantly reduces displacement for
structures under increasing wind loads. The results showed that of the three types of
bracing analysed, X-bracing is the most efficient. It resulted in the least maximum
displacement for the load cases. While bracing may be efficient in resisting lateral load,
the displacements may not always fall below the allowable maximum displacement. On
this basis, the possibility of using different methods to reduce lateral displacements
should be explored.

Keywords : Wind Load; Wind Analysis; High Rise Structure; Displacement;
BracingSystem; Staad.Pro.

32

DI28

EFFECT OF SUPPORT DOMAIN ON RADIAL POINT INTERPOLATION
METHOD (RPIM) FOR DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS IN 2D PROBLEM

Mohamed Elmi Abdi, Mokhtazul Haizad Bin Mokhtaram
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Simulation-based design in engineering is becoming very important nowadays due to the
advancement of computing technology. In this arena, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is
a key component that has been used in the analysis. However, the creation of a mesh has
become a major drawback in FEM, thus leading to the development of new numerical
techniques, i.e., the Meshfree methods. The Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM) is
one of the Meshfree methods. Its approximation function passes through each node point
in the influence domain, thus makes the implementation of essential boundary conditions
much easier and reducing complexity in numerical algorithms than other Meshfree
methods. However, without the use of predefined mesh, there will be considerable
differences in the location of the nodes thus causing topological errors. The topological
error will create unstable solutions of simultaneous equations. This present study concerns
with developing a more efficient method by introducing support domain in the RPIM. The
study is to outline the complete procedures for formulations of RPIM with and without
support domain and write corresponding MATLAB source code and evaluate the
performance of the optimum size of support domain then compare to established numerical
analysis, i.e., FEM. The formulation of RPIM is developed for two-dimensional plane
stress problems. The numerical problem of plane stress is provided for verification of the
method’s validity and accuracy. The presented result shows that the RPIM with support
domain works well and provides an approving comparison against the conventional FEM.
The converged solution is achieved.

Keywords: Numerical Analysis; Meshfree Method; Radial Point Interpolation Method;
Support Domain

33

DI29

APPLICATION OF DRONE FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SECURED AREA AT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

AND LIFE SCIENCE
Sanjeev A/L Balasubramaniam, Yusman Bin Istihat
Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600, Selangor

E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract
In the past, the word “drone” was associated with destruction only, but this aerial
device is now flying beyond their conflict zone and can be used for good in all
aspects of life. In this context, one of the most emerging area of drones nowadays are
their involvement in smart cities. Drones are expected to play a key role in the smart
city environment, providing support for a variety of applications such as medical,
package delivery, policing, traffic monitoring and firefighting. However, challenges
such as safety, security and privacy in densely populated regions remain as a concern
in connecting drones as part of the smart city. This article reviews opportunities
along with current regulations and several issues that will determine how the drones
industry grows and cities flourish.
Keywords : Drone; Safety Cities; Secured

34

DI30

IOE – BASED TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS
VEHICLE REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING AND PREDICTIVE
MAINTENANCE

Muhammad Nazirul Sazali and Mohd Azril Amil
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

In many industries, inclusive of the automotive vehicle industry, predictive maintenance
has become more important. It is hard to diagnose a failure in advance in the vehicle
industry due to the limited availability of sensors and designing exertions. However, with
the great development in the automotive industry, it looks feasible today to analyse sensor
data and machine learning techniques for failure prediction. Vehicle systems are complex
both in hardware and software, so their maintenance is challenging. Predictive
maintenance is required to overcome the lifetime reduction of vehicles and also the loss of
money. This project aims to collect data from the automotive sensor (70mai) and stream it
to the server. After that, a dashboard was created for data visualisation in the server for
real-time monitoring. Lastly is to predict parts failure from visualisation patterns and
produce corrective maintenance scheduling. There are several methods used in this project.
Firstly, data were collected by using 70mai and Raspberry Pi. The 70mai that plugged in
the car tire will detect several sensors in the car. The 70mai is connected with Raspberry Pi
with a Bluetooth connection. With several programming commands, data is collected by
Raspberry Pi, and it will send the data to the server. From the server, all the data was
compiled, and a dashboard for data visualisation was created.

Keywords : Raspberry Pi; Zabbix monitoring; tire pressure monitoring system

35

DI31

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COOLING MECHANISM FOR PORTABLE AS/DC
(RENEWABLE ENERGY) POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Muthu Kumaran Selvaraja and Mohd Darnalis Abdul Rahman
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
Email : [email protected]

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are one of the portable AC/DC power supply systems that have been
classified as renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries are an efficient and popular
rechargeable battery family used widely in all kinds of applications in the world due to its
low self-discharge rate, higher power density, and longer life span than other types of
rechargeable batteries. An active and adequate battery thermal management (BTM) system
is required for lithium-ion batteries. This ensures a desirable working operating
temperature range with a minimal temperature gradient of 25°C to 40°C, thus guaranteeing
their high efficiency, long lifetime, and great safety. Three heat dissipation strategies,
ambient, heat pipes in ambient, and heat pipes with the wet cooling method, have been
designed and fabricated into a battery prototype. The simulation process was done using
two cooling mechanisms under three different discharge rates, such as 1C, 1.5C, and 2C, to
understand the battery thermal management system and temperature distribution across the
battery. The experiment and simulation results showed that the higher the discharge rates,
the higher the temperature distribution. The wet cooling method is chosen as the best
cooling mechanism for this prototype.

Keywords: Lithium-ion batteries; battery thermal management system; operating
temperature; temperature distribution

36

DI32

IMAGE PROCESSING ON VEHICLE RECOGNITION FOR VEHICLE DENSITY

Yoghen Pillai a/l C. Manoharan, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hashimah binti Ismail
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, University Selangor, Bestari Jaya Campus,

Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Vehicle detection and classification of vehicles play an important role in decision making
for the purpose of traffic control and management. This project aims to design and develop
a method of image detection and recognition of vehicle classification. With a view to do
improvements from the available technique, it is proposed to develop an algorithm for
vehicle classification data recognition and tracking using image subtraction, threshold, and
blob detection methods. This method includes the differentiation process of the foreground
from background in an image by earning the background using image subtraction method.
Foreground detector is used in the object detection, and a binary computation is done to
define rectangular regions around every detected object. Threshold operation is
implemented to enhance the object detected region for vehicle classification. In order to
improve the precision and to remove the noise some morphological operations have been
applied. The final counting is done by tracking the detected objects and their regions using
blob detection method. This project shows that image detection and classification of a
vehicle can be done by combining methods of image subtraction, thresholding,
morphological and blob detection. Three images were tested and had given outstanding
with 100% accuracy level which gives a success rate in both vehicle detection and
classification. This will be very useful for traffic analysis and control.

Keywords: Image processing; image subtraction; vehicle detection; vehicle classification;
threshold; morphological process; blob detection

37

DI33

METAL MAGNETIC MEMORY BEHAVIOR OF CARBON STEEL UNDER
FATIGUE TESTING CONDITION

Dinesh A/L Visaindra*, Mohd Azam Bin Mohd Adnan, and Mazian Mohammad 1Faculty
of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor, Kampus Bestari Jaya,
45600 Selangor, Malaysia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract

Railway tracks undergoes defects, such as cracks or corrugations, due to surface fatigue
from a prolonged service life. Rail deterioration presents obvious safety concerns. To
promote safety and reliable rail operation, previous research has explored the mechanisms
of rail defect origination and developed models to predict rail health status. In this paper, a
critical review of relevant rail defect detection literature has been presented, including a
summary of common defects as well as defect detection methods currently employed by
the railroad industry. The pros and cons of the current technologies will be discussed in the
first part of the paper. Secondly, the paper will discuss a suitable and novel technique
currently in development, Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) detection. An explanation of
the need of MMM detection technology will be presented, along with the advantages,
potential applications, and current approaches to isolate the MMM signals and reduce the
mistakes made in previous detection methods. Finally, the paper will detail the process
through signal approach using Root mean square (R.M.S) as parameters of the defect
detection system and propose the application to the rail systems to handle the crack issues.
Keywords: Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM); Signal Analysis; Rail defect detection.

38

DI34

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF "SIDE BY SIDE" VEHICLE (SSV)
SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Muhammad Faiz Sharifuzan, Yusman Istihat and Muhidin Arifin
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The use of suspension systems on vehicles is very important because it absorbs shock when passing
uneven roads. The suspension system can help the vehicle to carry loads that are allowed to be used at
certain conditions or times. Thus, in this study, the suspension system used to change from one
suspension system to two suspensions on the chassis that has been designed is the Double Wishbone
(DW) Parallel Suspension System. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of this
suspension system on "side-by-side" vehicles (SSV) through Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
drawings for the dynamic model of the Double Wishbone Parallel suspension arm. Next, the
simulation used MSC Adams Software to simulate the displacement of the vehicle arm, the force
applied on the arm, the force on the spring and the force exerted on the chassis while moving on the
uneven surface. The simulation results were compared and discussed between the old suspension
system and the new suspension system, which are the single mono-shock suspension system and
double wishbone parallel suspension system. The purpose is to improve the suspension system of the
chassis that Universiti Selangor has developed. The analysis from the simulation shows that the
decrement of the magnitude is 13.79% at the end of the simulation. The phase angle for the new
suspension system is decreased by 48.03%. The increment of the spring stretch is 99.86%, and the
increment of spring fold is 99.95%. The percentage increment of spring deformation when stretch is
50% and when spring fold is 83.33%. The highest percentage increment for the force exerted on the
arm is 99.79%. The highest movement of arm percentage difference is 19.96%, and the lowest is
14.48%. Therefore, the arm movement of the new suspension system is suitable for SSV to move on
uneven roads. This is because the arm still has much more clearance to move in the vertical direction,
allowing the wheel to move over the rough road profile and distribute the force to the spring.

Keywords: Dynamic analysis; "Side-by-Side" Vehicle (SSV); suspension system

39

ABSTRACTS:
APPLIED SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS

ID TITLE PAGE LIST OF ABSTRACTS

SM01 A REVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF AUXIN AND CYTOKININ ON 40
SM02 THE GROWTH OF Momordica charantia USING IN VITRO 41
SM03 PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE 42
SM04 43
SM05 NUTRITIONAL VALUE, PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, 44
SM06 AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF AQUATIC PLANTS FROM 45
SM07 MALAYSIA 46
SM08 47
SM09 HETEROTRIGONA ITAMA (KELULUT) HONEY AND ITS 48
SM10 POTENTIAL VALUE 49

SM11 ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT 50
AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES
THROUGH SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION: A REVIEW

OPTIMISATION OF XYLANASE PRODUCTION FROM RICE
STRAW THROUGH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CRUDE
EXTRACTS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM
Andrographis paniculate

A REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF FISH WASTE-DERIVED
PEPTONE IN MICROBIAL GROWTH MEDIUM AND ITS
EXTRACTION METHODS

ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN DIABETIC TREATMENTS: A
REVIEW

TECHNIQUES TO PRODUCE POLYPLOIDY SPECIES IN
AQUACULTURE: A REVIEW

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF REDCLAW CRAYFISH,
CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
MARKERS

APPLICATION OF VITELLOGENIN ASSAY SYSTEM IN
AQUACULTURE: A REVIEW

ID TITLE PAGE LIST OF ABSTRACTS

SM12 A RUCHEWEYH DERIVATIVE OPERATOR DEFINE BY ODD 51
SM13 UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS WITH NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT 52
SM14 53
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AWARENESS, ATTITUDE AND
SM15 NEEDS OF FOOD DELIVERY RIDERS TOWARDS ROAD 54
SM16 SAFETY 55

SERVICE QUALITY ON DYNAMICS OF CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION TOWARDS TELECOMMUNICATION
PROVIDERS IN MALAYSIA DURING MCO: A CASE STUDY IN
KLANG VALLEY

A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH IN PROFIT
MAXIMIZATION FOR RSS DELEK FROZEN FOOD
PRODUCTION

ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF WORK FROM HOME ON
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION DURING COVID-19 MOVEMENT
CONTROL ORDER

SM17 SOLVING AN OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM OF A SMALL 56
BUSINESS BY USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH