Nursing Theory alligood 8th edition

732 Index Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 715–716
Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 428, 429
Informational support, 542 Judging theory, 19
Information-processing models, 556–557 Judgment, 135, 155
Information-Sharing, 633 Justice health, 640
Ingestive subsystems, 335, 345, 346–347
Inherent endowment, 501 K
Innate coping mechanisms, 306 Kaila, Eino, 173–174
Input, 283 Kanto Medical Center, 640
Inquiry enabler, 427 Kendall Chronic Sorrow Instrument, 617
Insecurity, 677 Kierkegaard, Søren, 173–174
Institute of Humanbecoming, 715 K.I.N.G. See King International Nursing Group (K.I.N.G.)
Institute of Medicine (IOM), 51, 205, 704, 716 King, Imogene M., 258–280. See also Goal
Institutional integrity, 660, 664
Integrality, 224–225, 466 Attainment Theory
Integrated life process, 306 background of, 258–260
Integrative participation, 453–454 credentials of, 258–260
Integrity King International Nursing Group (K.I.N.G.), 259
Knowing, 690
institutional, 660, 664 embodied, 123
personal, 208 patterns of, 371
social, 208 process of, 690, 695
structural, 207 Knowing you, knowing me, 642–643
Intended outcome, 695 Knowledge
Intention, 365 clinical, 134–135
Intentional beings, 466. See also Person context of, 524–525
Interactionism, 379 development of, 2
Interactive participation, 453–454 disciplinary, 471
Interdependence mode, 307 formation of, 184
Internal coping mechanisms, 612–613, 614 goal of, 6–7
Internal environment, 287 medical knowledge vs., 3
International Association for Human Caring, 99–100, 358 philosophies of, 15
International Biennial Neuman Systems Model Symposium, 715 practical, 123, 471
International Council of Nurses (ICN), 45 self-care, 502
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48 structure of specialized, 38–41
International Orem Society, 249, 715 tacit, 522
International Transcultural Nursing Society, 100 types of, 38
Interpersonal coping mechanisms, 614 Kolcaba, Katharine, 657–671. See also Comfort Theory
Interpersonal influences, 399 background of, 657–658
Interpersonal systems, 262 credentials of, 657–658
Interpersonal teaching-learning, promotion of, 82 Koort, Peep, 174
Interpretive paradigm, 20 Kuhn, Thomas, 173–174
Interpretive science, 15 Kurtén, Tage, 173, 174
Intervening variables, 660
Interventions, 292, 341, 663 L
comfort, 660 Langer, Susan, 173–174
holistic, 660–661 Langner Scale of Mental Health Symptomatology (MHS), 577
prevention as, 285 Language-art, 477
tertiary prevention as, 285 Languaging, 468–469
Intimate partner, 542 Laurelberry, Nancy, 665–666
Invented theory, 18 Laws, 29
Invitation, 175, 361 Lazarus, Richard, 122, 123
Leader, changing role in nursing, 43–44
J Leadership, 43–44, 87
JFK Medical Center, 367–368 Legal factors, 103
Johnson, Dorothy E., 52, 332–356. See also Behavioral System Legal structures, 112

Model
background of, 332–333
credentials of, 332–333

Leininger, Madeleine M., 417–441. See also Culture Care Theory Index 733
of Diversity and Universality
Logical form (Continued)
background of, 417–420 in Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 249
credentials of, 417–420 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 579–580
Lévinas, Emmanuel, 81–82, 174 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 528
Levine, Myra Estrin, 203–219. See also Conservation Model in Systems Model, 287
background of, 204–205 in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 131
credentials of, 204–205 in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 639
Life. See also Person in Transitions Theory, 386
meaning of, 445 in Transpersonal Caring, 86
ocean of experience in, 637 in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 561
process, integrated, 306 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 225
quality of, 702
satisfaction, 504 Logical positivism, 16
stress, 676 Logical thinking, of Nightingale, 63
suffering related to, 175–176 Løgstrup, Knud Eiler, 81–82, 122, 150, 152–153
Life Span Developmental Theory, 575 Løgstrup, Rosemarie, 150
Lifetime development, 501 Loss
Light, 63–64
Linear structural relations (LISREL), 316–317, 318 in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 613
Lines of defense, 284 of control, 675
Lines of resistance, 284 of self, 677
Lingering presence, 476–477 Love, 178
Linkages, 28–29 Luther, Martin, 153
LISREL. See Linear structural relations (LISREL) Luxembourg Ministry of Social Security and Health, 249–250
Literary metaanalysis on caring, 691
Living, 471–472, 629 M
Living Legend Award, 51 MacIntyre, Alistair, 122
Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation, 48–50 Macrosystem, 544–545
Logan, Winifred W., 52–54 Magnet Recognition Status, 108
Logic Magnet status, 87
deductive, 287, 450, 706 Maintaining belief, 690, 695
of experience, 642 Management strategies
inductive, 287, 450, 706
Logical form in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 613
in Adaptation Model, 311–312 effective, 613
in Behavioral System Model, 340 empirical evidence for, 614
in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 106 external, 614
in Caring, Theory of, 694 ineffective, 613
in Caritative Caring Theory, 180–181 means of, 341
in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 615 petty, 64
in Comfort Theory, 663–664 Managing Uncertainty in Illness Scale, 561
in Conservation Model, 209 Marital satisfaction, 676
in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 425–427 Marital status, 677
in Goal Attainment Theory, 265 Marquette University School of Nursing, 247–248
in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 450 Martinsen, Kari Marie, 147–170. See also Philosophy of Caring
in Health Promotion Model, 403
in Humanbecoming Theory, 475 Theory
in Illness Trajectory Theory, 600 background of, 147–151
in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 547–548 credentials of, 147–151
in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 505 Marx, Karl, 151
in Modern Nursing, 67 Maternal identity, 541, 550
Nightingale’s use of, 67 Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 537–554
in Nursing as Caring Theory, 365 anticipatory stage of, 545
in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 704 case study based on, 552b
in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 158 critiquing of, 550–551
in Postpartum Depression Theory, 679–680 empirical evidence for, 540–543
formal stage of, 545
further developments by, 549–550
informal stage of, 545
logical form of, 547–548

734 Index Middle-Range Theory (Continued)
of Health Promotion for Preterm Infants, 210
Maternal Role Attainment Theory (Continued) literature on, 33
major assumptions of, 543–544 logical form of, 265
major concepts & definitions of, 541–542b major assumptions of, 263
nursing communities acceptance of, 548–549 major concepts & definitions of, 260b
personal stage of, 545 Nightingale tribute to, 258–260
summary of, 551–552 nursing communities acceptance of, 265–267
theoretical assertions of, 544–547 propositions within, 264b
theoretical sources for, 539–542 summary of, 268–269
theoretical assertions of, 263
Maternity blues, 675, 676–677 theoretical sources for, 260
Maxim, 126
May, Rollo, 50 Mill, John Stuart, 68
McCray-Stewart, Deborah, 107 Mind-body relationships, 502
McDonald, Lynn, 62 Mishel, Merle H., 555–573. See also Uncertainty in Illness Theory
Meaning, 384–385, 473
background of, 555–556
of health, 445 credentials of, 555–556
of life, 445 Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 496–519
situated, 130 case study based on, 509b
Means of management, 341 critiquing of, 508
Mechanistic science, 15 empirical evidence for, 502–505
Meleis, Afaf Ibrahim, 378–395. See also Transitions Theory further developments by, 507–508
background of, 378–381 logical form of, 505
credentials of, 378–381 major assumptions of, 505
Mental comfort, 658 major concepts & definitions of, 500–502b
Mental confusion, 677 nursing communities acceptance of, 506–507
Mental distress, 638 summary of, 508–509
Mental health, 577 theoretical assertions of, 505
Mental health nursing, 636–637 theoretical sources for, 499–502
Mental health problems, 639 Model/modeling, 500, 632–633
Mental Health Program, 639–640 Model of Living, 52–53
Mental illness, 638, 639 Model of Nursing, 53–54
Mercer, Ramona T., 537–554. See also Maternal Role Attainment Moderating-mediating factors, 576
Modern Nursing, 59–78
Theory case study based on, 71–72b
background of, 538–539 critiquing of, 69–71
credentials of, 538–539 empirical evidence for, 64–65
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 122, 151, 152 further developments of, 69
Mesosystem, 540f, 544–545 inductive reasoning, use of, 67
Metaethnonursing Research Method, 430 logical form of, 67
Metaparadigm, 31–32 major assumptions of, 65–66
concepts of, 31–32 major concepts & definitions of, 63–64b
environment, 4–5 nursing communities acceptance of, 67–69
health, 4–5 summary of, 71–72
nursing, 4–5 theoretical assertions of, 66–67
person, 4–5 theoretical sources for, 62–64
Metaphorical emerging, 477–478 Modern science, establishment of, 14
Metaphysics, 158 Moore, Shirley M., 701–710. See also Peaceful End-of-Life Theory
Meta-theory, 180 background of, 701–702
Microsystem, 544–545 credentials of, 701–702
Middle-Range Theory, 32, 33, 39, 262–263. See also Goal Moral caring, 156–157
Moral practice, founded on care, 155
Attainment Theory Morbid grief, 499–500
of adaptation, 317–318 Morita, Shoma, 628
application of, 715 Mother, becoming a, 543, 546–547
approaches to devising, 32 Mother-father relationship, 542
case study based on, 268–269b Movement, concept of, 448, 449
criteria for evaluating, 33
empirical evidence for, 260–263
focus of, 32
further developments by, 267

Movement-space-time, 445 Index 735
Moving-being still, 468–469
Multiple sclerosis, 616 Nightingale, Florence (Continued)
Murray, Henry, 663–664 logical thinking of, 63
Mystery, 467, 473 nursing vision of, 3
philosophical thinking of, 63
N practice, foundation of, 67–68
NANDA-I. See North American Nursing Diagnosis Association religious affiliations and beliefs of, 63
research, concepts of, 69
International (NANDA-I) societal changes, recognition of, 63
National Center for Nursing Research, 397, 507
National Institute of Nursing Research, 401 NLN. See National League for Nursing (NLN)
National Institutes of Health, 397, 507 NOC. See Nursing Outcomes Class (NOC)
National League for Nursing (NLN), 55, 80 Noninvasive patterning, 226
Natural attitude, phenomenology as, 151–152 Nonvariable concepts, 24, 25
Natural caring, 178 Normal line of defense, 284
Naturalism, 20 Normal science, 713
Naturalistic methods, 87
Naylor, Mary, 386 accomplishments of, 5
NCAST. See Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Project development of, 714
nature of, 713–714
(NCAST) North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International
NCRCS. See Nursing Consortium for Research on Chronic
(NANDA-I), 342, 615–616, 617, 666
Sorrow (NCRCS) Norwegian Nurses’ Association, 148
NDCG. See Nursing Development Conference Group (NDCG) Not affirming, 470
Necessary condition, 28 Novice, 124, 134
Needs Novice to Expert model, 134. See also Theory of Nursing Practice

basic, 501 Expertise
health care, 659–660 Nurse Educator Nursing Theory Conference, 7
human, 82, 499 Nurse-Patient Relationship Resource Analysis Tool, 109–111
Negative feelings, promotion and acceptance of, 82 Nurse-patient relationships, 43–44
Negentropy, 283
Negotiation, culture care, 422 changing roles in, 43–44
Neuman, Betty, 281–302. See also Systems Model Henderson, levels identified by, 45–46
background of, 281–282 identification of, 43–44
credentials of, 281–282 resolution of, 43–44
Neuman Systems Model Research Institute, 291 Nursing, 365
Neuman Systems Model Trustees Group, 291, 292 as academic discipline, 8
Neural tube defects, 616 achievements of, 6
Newman, Margaret A., 442–463. See also Health as Expanding in Adaptation Model, 309–310
in Behavioral System Model, 337
Consciousness Theory in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 105
background of, 442–443 calls for, 363, 445
credentials of, 442–443 in Caring, Theory of, 692
Newton’s law of gravitation, 30 in Caritative Caring Theory, 178
New view of life, 558 in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 614
NIC. See Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) clinical, elements of, 48
Nightingale, Florence, 59–78. See also Modern Nursing collective, 9
aristocratic social status of, 63 in Comfort Theory, 662
background of, 60–62 conceptualization of, 4–5, 7, 38–39, 713–714
credentials of, 60–62 in Conservation Model, 208–209
death of, 61 cross-cultural, 420
education, principles of, 68–69 in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 424
employment of, 60–61 design, 246
Goal Attainment Theory, tribute to, 258–260 developmental path of, 8
health of, 61 disciplines of, 20–21, 363–364, 420
historical roots of, 60 evolution of, 34
knowledge development, contribution to, 38 focus of, 360
lifework of, analysis of, 61–62 frameworks of, 8
in Goal Attainment Theory, 263
graduate research education for, 616
in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 446–447

736 Index Nursing community acceptance
in Adaptation Model, 312–318
Nursing (Continued) in Behavioral System Model, 340–344
Henderson, defined by, 45–46 in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 107–109
historical accomplishments of, 6 in Caring, Theory of, 695
history of, 3 in Caritative Caring Theory, 181–183
holistic, 20 in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 615–616
in Humanbecoming Theory, 473–474 in Comfort Theory, 664–665
individual, 9 in Conservation Model, 210–211
intention of, 360 in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 427–430
in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 543 in Goal Attainment Theory, 265–267
mental health, 636–637 in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 450–454
metaparadigm of, 4–5 in Health Promotion Model, 403–404
in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 500, 505 in Humanbecoming Theory, 475–478
Nightingale’s views on role of, 65 in Illness Trajectory Theory, 600–601
in Nursing as Caring Theory, 363–364 in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 548–549
in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 703 in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 506–507
philosophy of, 20, 38 in Modern Nursing, 67–69
in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 156–157 in Nursing as Caring Theory, 365–369
in Postpartum Depression Theory, 678 in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 704–705
as profession, 363–364 in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 158–159
psychiatric, 635, 636–637, 638 in Postpartum Depression Theory, 680
response, 362 in Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 249–250
in Self-Transcendence Theory, 577 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 580–581
situation, 360–361 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 528–530
story as method for knowing, 362 in Systems Model, 287–290
in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 523, 524 in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 131–133
systematic approach to, 9 in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 639–642
in Systems Model, 285 in Transitions Theory, 386–387
task of, 87 in Transpersonal Caring, 86–87
theoretical assertions, views on role of, 85 in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 561–562
theories of (See Theory) in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 225–228
theory-based evidence for, 9
in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 129 Nursing Consortium for Research on Chronic Sorrow (NCRCS),
therapeutics, 384 615
in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 636–637
transcultural, 420, 422, 424 Nursing Development Conference Group (NDCG), 241, 247
in Transitions Theory, 385 Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), 615–616, 666
as trephotaxis, 636–637 Nursing journal, 159
in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 223 Nursing Outcomes Class (NOC), 615–616, 617, 666
wholistic, 20 Nursing process theory, 55, 340–341
Nursing Research journal, 3–4, 7
Nursing actions, 348–349 Nursing response, 365
Nursing agency, 246, 250–251 Nursing scholars, global communities of, 715–716
Nursing as Caring Theory, 357–377 Nursing Science Quarterly, 100, 476
Nursing Service Administration, 365–366, 368
case study based on, 371–372b Nursing situation, 365
critiquing of, 370 Nursing systems theory, 246, 248, 250–251
empirical evidence for, 362 Nursing theorists
further developments by, 369
logical form of, 365 Alison J. Tierney, 52–54
major assumptions of, 362–364 Ernestine Wiedenbach, 47–48
major concepts & definitions of, 360–362b Evelyn Adam, 52
nursing communities acceptance of, 365–369 Faye Glenn Abdellah, 46–47
summary of, 370–372 Hildegard E. Peplau, 43–44
theoretical assertions of, 364 of historical significance, 42–58
theoretical sources for, 359–362 Ida Jean Pelletier, 55
Nursing care, 178, 422 Joyce Travelbee, 50–51
Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Project (NCAST), Kathryn E. Barnard, 51–52
Lydia Hall, 48–50
51–52
Nursing clinician-case manager, 450–451

Nursing theorists (Continued) Index 737
Nancy Roper, 52–54
Virginia Henderson, 45–46 Organismic response (Continued)
Winifred W. Logan, 52–54 response to stress, 207
trophicognosis, 207
Nursing theory, 39. See also Theory
Abdellah, contributions to, 47 Organizing theory, 29
analysis of, 2–3, 9–11, 9b Orientation of nurse-patient relationship, 43–44
art of, 711–719 Original caring, 178
developments in, 4–5 Originating, 470
evolution of, 5 Others domain, 633, 643
history of, 2–5, 6t Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 645
observations of, 5 Outcome, 383–384, 695
paradigms of, transitioning of, 4–5 Output, 283
perspectives of, 2–3
science of, 711–719 P
significance of, 2–3, 6–9 Pain, 703–704
websites for, 716 Pandimensionality, 222
Paradigm case, 126
Nurturance, 500 Paradigms, 20, 713
Nygren, Anders, 173, 174 Paradigm science, 3
Paradigm shift, 18
O Paradox, 467, 473
Object, 242 Paradox of crisis, 634
Objectivity, 532 Parse, Rosemarie Rizzo, 464–495. See also Humanbecoming
O’Brien, Karen, 107
Observation participation reflection enabler, 427 Theory
Observations, 17, 18 background of, 464–465
Ocean of experience in life, 637 credentials of, 464–465
O’Neill, Onora, 122 Parsons, Talcott, 333
One-to-One Sessions, 633 Passive health, 223
Ontological conception, 179 Patient-controlled heated gowns, 661
Ontological health model, 182 Patients, 46–47. See also Person
Open living system, 289 Patterns
Open systems aesthetic, 371
empirical, 371
feedback, 283 ethical, 371
function, 283 Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 444
input, 283 knowing, 371
negentropy, 283 of movement, synthesis of, 448–450
output, 283 noninvasive, 226
process, 283 personal, 371
stability, 283 recognition of, 17
Systems Model, 283 of response, 383–384
Operational linkages, 28–29 rhythmical, 469
Optimum function, 663 symptom, 557
Ordinary me, 642–643 of transitions, 382
Oregon Health Sciences University Hospital, 506 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 222
Orem, Dorothea Elizabeth, 240–257. See also Self-Care Deficit Peace, 703
Peaceful death, 704
Theory of Nursing Peaceful end of life, 705–706
background of, 243 Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 701–710
credentials of, 243 case study based on, 707b
Orem Study Group, 250 critiquing of, 705–707
Organism, 242 empirical evidence for, 702–703
Organismic response further developments by, 705
in Conservation Model, 206–207 logical form of, 704
fight or flight syndrome, 206–207 major assumptions of, 703
inflammatory response, 207 major concepts & definitions of, 703b
perceptual awareness, 207 nursing communities acceptance of, 704–705

738 Index Personhood (Continued)
in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 614
Peaceful End-of-Life Theory (Continued) in Comfort Theory, 662
theoretical assertions of, 703–704 in Conservation Model, 209
theoretical sources for, 702–703 in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 424
in Goal Attainment Theory, 263
Pelletier, Ida Jean (Orlando), 55, 396–416. See also Health in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 447
Promotion Model (HPM) in Humanbecoming Theory, 474
is living life grounded in caring, 363
background of, 396–398 in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 543–544
credentials of, 396–398 in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 505
nursing process theory of, 55 in Nursing as Caring Theory, 361, 363
People-based care, 423 nurturing relationships with caring others, enhanced through
Peplau, Hildegard E., 43–44, 629–630 participating in, 363
leadership of, 43–44 in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 703
scope of influence of, 43, 44 in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 157
Theory of Interpersonal Relations, 43–44 in Postpartum Depression Theory, 678
Perceived Enactment of Autonomy tool, 504–505 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 578
Perception, 307, 541 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 524
Perceptual awareness, 207 in Systems Model, 285
Perinatal research, 673t theoretical assertions, views on, 85–86
Perseverative set, 338–339 in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 129–130
Person, 242, 265. See also Personhood in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 637
belong to the, 634 in Transitions Theory, 385
as biopsychosocial systems, 560 in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 559–560
as caring, perspective of, 360 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 223
complete, 363
concept of, 4–5, 32 Person metaparadigm, 4–5
difference in characteristics of, 501–502 Person-oriented professionalism, 155
humanness of, 363 Person-patient, 523
live caring, moment to moment, 363 Person-who-has-met-that-need, 637
Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 500–501 Person-with-a-need-for-nursing, 637
model of the, 632–633 Petty management, 64
as patient, 65 Phenomenological methods, 87
similar characteristics of, 501 Phenomenology, 16, 19–20
situated, 123
whole, 363 hermeneutic, 154
wishes of, 634 as natural attitude, 151–152
Personal biological factors, 399 phenomenologists’, 153–154
Personal conditions, 383 Philosophers, 16
Personal factors Philosophical foundations of science, 15
biological, 399 Philosophical sources, 121–126, 674–677
in Health Promotion Model, 399 Philosophy, 38, 48
psychological, 399 Philosophy of Caring Theory
sociocultural, 399 case study based on, 161b
Personal integrity, conservation of, 208 credentials of, 147–151
Personal patterns, 371 empirical evidence for, 154–156
Personal psychological factors, 399 further developments by, 160
Personal role identity, 546 logical form of, 158
Personal Security Plan, 633 major assumptions of, 156–158
Personal sociocultural factors, 399 major concepts & definitions of, 155–156b
Personal stage of Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 545 nursing communities acceptance of, 158–159
Personal wisdom, 471–472 summary of, 161
Person-client, 693 theoretical assertions of, 158
Person-environmental process, 579 theoretical sources for, 151–156
Personhood PHS. See Public Health Service (PHS)
in Adaptation Model, 309 Physical context, 659
in Behavioral System Model, 337–338 Physical discomfort, 704
in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 105 Physical factors, 102
in Caring, Theory of, 693
in Caritative Caring Theory, 177–178

Physical structures, 112 Index 739
Physical support, 542
Physical theory, 111–112 Practice (Continued)
Physiological-physical mode, 306 in Goal Attainment Theory, 265–266
Plato, 173, 522 in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 450–452
Polanyi, Michael, 522 in Health Promotion Model, 403–404
Political factors, 103 in Humanbecoming Theory, 475–476
Political structures, 112 in Illness Trajectory Theory, 600
Popper, Karl, 173–174 in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 548–549
Positive feelings, promotion and acceptance of, 82 in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 506
Positivism, 16 Nightingale’s view on foundation of, 67–68
Postpartum depression, 675 in Nursing as Caring Theory, 365–366
Postpartum Depression Theory, 672–687 in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 704
in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 158–159
case study based on, 682–683b in Postpartum Depression Theory, 680
critiquing of, 681–682 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 580
empirical evidence for, 678 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 528–529
further developments by, 680–681 in Systems Model, 288–289
logical form of, 679–680 in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 131–132
major assumptions of, 678 in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 639–640
major concepts & definitions of, 675–677b in Transitions Theory, 386
nursing communities acceptance of, 680 in Transpersonal Caring, 86–87
perinatal research, timeline of, 673t in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 561
philosophical sources for, 674–677 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 225–226
summary of, 682–683
theoretical assertions of, 678–679 Practice-based evidence, 642
theoretical sources for, 674–677 Practice-based research, 315–317
Postpartum mood disorders Practice wisdom, 450
maternity blues, 675 Praxis, 183
postpartum depression, 675 Prediction, 29, 30–31
Postpartum Depression Theory, 675 Pregnancy, 677
postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder, 675 Prenatal anxiety, 676
postpartum-onset panic disorder, 675 Prenatal depression, 676
postpartum psychosis, 675 Preparatory set, 338–339
Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder, 675 Prevention
Postpartum-onset panic disorder, 675
Postpartum psychosis, 675 as intervention, 285
Postpositivist paradigm, 20 levels of, 282
Potential barriers, 406 primary, 285
Potentiating-restricting, 469 Primary prevention, 285
Power, 445, 633–634 Primordial understanding, 129
Powering, 470 Prior related behavior, 399
affirming-not affirming, 470 Probabilistic model, 28
being-nonbeing, 470 Probabilistic thinking, 558
pushing-resisting, 470 Problems of living, 629
Practical caring, 156–157 Profession, 6b, 8–9, 8b
Practical knowledge, 123, 471 Professional discernment, 155
Practical science, 243, 247 Professionalism, person-oriented, 155
Practice Professional judgment, 155
in Adaptation Model, 312–314 Professional me, 642–643
in Behavioral System Model, 340–343 Proficient, 125, 134
in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 107 Propositions, 29–30, 264b
in Caritative Caring Theory, 181 Protective provisions for Transpersonal Caring, 82
in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 615 Pseudo-ordinary me, 642–643
clinical nursing, element of, 48 Psychiatric nursing, 635, 636–637, 638
in Comfort Theory, 664 Psychological factors, personal, 399
in Conservation Model, 210 Psychological stages of lifetime development, 501
in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 427–428 Psychoneuroendocrinology, 319
Psychoneuroimmunology, 319
Psychospiritual context, 659
Public Health Service (PHS), 46

740 Index Relativism, social, 521–522
Relief, 658
Pure air, 63–64 Repatterning, culture care, 422
Pure water, 63–64 Research
Purpose, element of clinical nursing, 48
Pursuing elegance, 634 in Adaptation Model, 314–318
Pushing-resisting, 470 articulation, 121–122, 133
Pythagoras, 15 in Behavioral System Model, 343–344
in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 108–109, 110–111t
Q in Caring, Theory of, 695
QSEN. See Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) in Caritative Caring Theory, 181–183
Qualitatively different systems, 104 in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 616–617
Qualitative methods, 87 in Comfort Theory, 665
Qualitative process, 135 in Conservation Model, 210–211
Qualitative research approaches, 714 in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 429–430
Qualitative science, 15 in Goal Attainment Theory, 266–267
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), 716 in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 453–454
Quality of life, 702 in Health Promotion Model, 404
Quantitative science, 15 in Humanbecoming Theory, 476–478
Quantum Foundation, 367–368 in Illness Trajectory Theory, 600–601
Quiet, 64 in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 549
in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 506–507
R nature of, 29
Rationalism, 15 Nightingale’s concepts of, 69
Rationalist epistemology, 15 in Nursing as Caring Theory, 367–369
Ray, Marilyn Anne (Dee), 98–119. See also Bureaucratic Caring in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 705
perinatal, 673t
Theory in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 159
credentials of, 98–100 in Postpartum Depression Theory, 680
RBC. See Relationship-Based Care (RBC) scientific theory and interdependence with, 18–21
Reaction, degree of, 285 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 580–581
Reality, 637–638 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 530
Reasoning in Systems Model, 289–290
abductive, 23, 528 theory and, interdependent relationship of, 7
deductive, 23 in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 133
inductive, 67, 600 theory-testing, 33
a priori, 15, 17 in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 641–642
Reconciliation, 176 in Transitions Theory, 386–387
Reconstitution, 285 in Transpersonal Caring, 87
Reed, Pamela G, 574–592. See also Self-Transcendence Theory in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 562
background of, 574–575 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 227–228, 228–230t
credentials of, 574–575 Research emphasis era, 3–4
Reflection of consciousness, 448 Research studies, 367–369
Reflective-prereflective, 468 Research-then-theory strategy, 15–16
Regaining control, 675 Residual stimulus, 293, 306
Registering eye, 156 Resistance, lines of, 284
Regulation, 335 Resolution, phase of nurse-patient relationship, 43–44
Regulator subsystem, 306 Resonancy, 224–225, 466
Relational (Caring) Complexity, 112–113 Resourcefulness, power of, 633–634
Relational caring, 156–157 Resource person, changing role in nursing, 43–44
Relational Caring Questionnaire, 109–111 Respect, 703
Relational statements, 27–28, 703–704 Responses
Relationship-Based Care (RBC), 87 adaptive, 306
Relationships ineffective, 306
caring, 67, 178 inflammatory, 207
helping-trust, development of, 82 nursing, 362
mind-body, 502 organismic, 206–207
mother-father, 542 patterns of, 383–384
nurse-patient, 43–44, 45–46 to stress, 207

Index 741

Restorative subsystems, 337, 346–347 Science
Retroduction, 180, 663, 664 accomplishments of, 5
Retroductive reasoning, 23 advance, theoretical boundaries and levels to, 31–33
Retroductive thinking, 505 advancement of, 19
Revealing-concealing, 469 behavioral, 19–20
Revised Health Promotion Model, 402f characteristics of, 15
Revolutionary theory, 18 contemporary theories of, 18–19
Rhythmical patterns deductive, 15
development of, evolution of, 14
connecting-separating, 469 empiricist, 15
enabling-limiting, 469 formalization of, 14–15
in Humanbecoming Theory, 469 goals of, 15
revealing-concealing, 469 historical views of nature of, 14–16
Rhythmicity, 473 holistic, 15
Ricoeur, Paul, 154–156 human, 479 (See also Nursing)
Rights, 523, 532 inductive, 15
Rituals of health, 445 interpretive, 15
Robbins, Lorraine, 398 mechanistic, 15
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 716 modern, 14
Robinson Self-Appraisal Inventory, 504–505 normal, 5, 713–714
Rogers, Bruce Taylor, 220 nursing as, emergence of, 3
Rogers, Lucy Mulholland Keener, 220 of nursing theory, 711–719
Rogers, Martha Elizabeth, 220–239, 465–466, 575. See also paradigm, 3
perspective of, 16
Unitary Human Beings Theory philosophy of, 3, 15, 713
background of, 220–221 practical, 243, 247
credentials of, 220–221 qualitative, 15
Role function mode, 307 quantitative, 15
Role identity, 550 social, 19–20
Role insufficiency, 379 as social enterprise, 21
Role-modeling, 500
Role strain-role conflict, 541 Science of Self-Care, 250
Role supplementation, 380 Science of Unitary Human Beings, 226, 227, 231
Roper, Nancy, 52–54 Scientific consensus, 19, 20
Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing, 53 Scientific discipline, 14
Roy, Sister Callista, 303–331. See also Adaptation Model Scientific inquiry, 19, 21, 69
background of, 303–304 Scientific problem-solving method for decision making,
credentials of, 303–304
Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 640, 641–642 systematic use of, 82
Rubin, Jane, 122 Scientific theory, 16–21
Ruland, Cornelia M., 701–710. See also Peaceful End-of-Life Scientists, 16
Scottish Mental Health Act, 645
Theory Sechrist, Karen, 397
background of, 701–702 Secondary prevention as intervention, 285
credentials of, 701–702 Seip, Anne Lise, 149
Ruth Rhoden Craven Foundation for Postpartum Depression Self. See also Person

Awareness, 680 dying of, 675
loss of, 677
S Self-assertion, 532
St. Augustine, 173–174 Self-belief, 398
St. Catherine’s University, 506 Self-care, 242–243, 250–251, 502
St. Lucie Medical Center, 368 action, 502
St. Mary’s Medical Center, 368 deficit, 246, 248, 250–251
Salience, 126 knowledge, 502
Salina Regional Health Center, 506 requisites, 244, 245
SCDCN. See Self-Care, Dependent- Care & Nursing (SCDCN) resources, 502
Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 244
journal Self-Care, Dependent- Care & Nursing (SCDCN)
Schoenhofer, Savina O., 357–377. See also Nursing as Caring Theory
journal, 241
background of, 358–359 Self-care agency, 246, 250–251
credentials of, 358–359

742 Index Simplicity (Continued)
in Humanbecoming Theory, 478
Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 240–257 in Illness Trajectory Theory, 601–602
case study based on, 252–253b in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 551
critiquing of, 250–252 in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 508
empirical evidence for, 247 of Nightingale’s works, 70
further developments by, 250 in Nursing as Caring Theory, 370
logical form of, 249 in nursing theory, analysis of, 10
major assumptions of, 247–248 in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 705
major concepts & definitions of, 244–247b in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 160
nursing communities acceptance of, 249–250 in Postpartum Depression Theory, 681
summary of, 252–253 in Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 250–251
theoretical assertions of, 248–249 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 583
theoretical sources for, 241–247 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 531
in Systems Model, 291
Self-Care Resource Inventory, 504–505 in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 134
Self-care system, 251 in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 643
Self-care theory, 248 in Transitions Theory, 387
Self-concept, 284, 541 in Transpersonal Caring, 88
Self-concept-group identity mode, 306–307 in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 564
Self-Consistency Scale, 316 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 230
Self domain, 632–633, 643
Self-efficacy, perceived, 399 Situated freedom, 466–467
Self-esteem, 316, 541, 677 Situated meaning, 130
Self-regard, 541 Situation
Self-transcendence, 576
Self-Transcendence Scale (STS), 577 aspects of, 125
Self-Transcendence Theory, 574–592 attributes of, 125
context of, 524–525
case study based on, 584b environment, 157–158
critiquing of, 582–583 influences on, 399
empirical evidence for, 576–577 nursing, 360–361, 365
further developments by, 581–582 theoretical assertions, 130
logical form of, 579–580 Skilled activity, 123
major assumptions of, 577–578 Sleeping disturbances, 677
major concepts & definitions of, 576b Social cognitive theory, 398
nursing communities acceptance of, 580–581 Social-cultural factors, 103
summary of, 583–584 Social-cultural structures, 112
theoretical assertions of, 578–579 Social-cultural theory, 111–112
theoretical sources for, 575–576 Social enterprise, science as, 21
Sensitivity to others, cultivation of, 82 Social integrity, conservation of, 208
Set, 348 Social learning theory, 398
Set-of-existence statements, 29–30 Social relativism, 521–522
Set-of-laws approach, 29 Social science, 19–20
Set-of-laws theory, 29 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Sexual subsystems, 335, 348
Shame, 677 (SSHRC), 479
Shared consciousness, 452 Social structure dimensions, 422
Shields, Walene, 241 Social support, 550, 558
Simplicity
in Adaptation Model, 319 appraisal support, 542
in Behavioral System Model, 346 emotional support, 542
in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 112 informational support, 542
in Caring, Theory of, 695–696 in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 542
in Caritative Caring Theory, 183 physical support, 542
in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 617–618 in Postpartum Depression Theory, 676
in Comfort Theory, 666 structure providers, 557
in Conservation Model, 211 Social system, 262
in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 431 Societal changes, Nightingale’s recognition of, 63
in Goal Attainment Theory, 267–268 Societal conditions, 383
in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 454 Sociocultural context, 659
in Health Promotion Model, 404 Sociocultural factors, personal, 399

Sociocultural provision for Transpersonal Caring, 82 Index 743
Socioeconomic status, 677
Socrates, 173 Sunrise Enabler, 425–427
Solution-Finding, 633 Support
Sovereign life utterances, 155–156, 158
Sovereign utterances, 152 emotional, 542
Space, 157–158, 448, 449 informational, 542
Space-time, synthesis of, 448–450 physical, 542
Speaking-being silent, 468–469 in Transpersonal Caring, provision for, 82
Spinoza, Benedict, 522 Support network, 550
Spiritual environment, 82 Surrogate, as nursing role, 43–44
Spiritual-ethical caring, 102, 104, 106, 111–112 Surroundings, 63–64
Spontaneous life utterances, 152 Sustenal imperatives, 335
SSHRC. See Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Swain, Mary Ann P., 496–519. See also Modeling and Role-

Canada (SSHRC) Modeling Theory
Stability, 283, 346 background of, 496–498
Steady state, 223 credentials of, 496–498
Story as method for knowing nursing, 362 Swanson, Kristen M., 688–700. See also Caring, Theory of
Stranger, 43–44, 427 background of, 688–689
Stress/stressors, 282 credentials of, 688–689
Sykepleien journal, 159
in Behavioral System Model, 336 Symbolic interactionism, 379
child care, 676 Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 520–536
coaching for reducing, 661 bioethical standards of, 526b
life, 676 case study based on, 532b
in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 542 critiquing of, 530–531
response to, 207 empirical evidence for, 523–524
structural, 341 further developments by, 530
in Systems Model, 284–285 logical form of, 528
Structural components, 348 major assumptions of, 524–525
Structural integrity, 207 major concepts & definitions of, 522–523b
Structural stressors, 341 nursing communities acceptance of, 528–530
Structure providers, 557 summary of, 531–532
Structuring meaning theoretical assertions of, 525–528
in Humanbecoming Theory, 468–469 theoretical sources for, 521–523
imaging, 468 Symphonology, 524
languaging, 468–469 agreement, foundation of, 525
valuing, 468 defined, 521, 525
Struggling to survive, 675 development of, 528
STS. See Self-Transcendence Scale (STS) Symptom pattern, 557
Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, 640 Systematic development, 23
Subsystems, 337 Systems
achievement, 335, 346–347 Adaptation Model, 305
aggressive-protective, 335, 346–347 behavioral, 334
attachment-affiliative, 334, 346–347 Behavioral System Model, 334
in Behavioral System Model, 334–335 interpersonal, 262
cognator, 306 nursing, 246, 250–251
dependency, 334–335, 346–347 open living, 289
eliminative, 335, 346–347, 348 social, 262
ingestive, 335, 345, 346–347 Systems Model, 281–302, 286f
regulator, 306 case study based on, 292b
restorative, 337, 346–347 credentials of, 281–282
sexual, 335, 348 empirical evidence for, 282–285
Suffering further developments by, 290–291
in Caritative Caring Theory, 175 logical form of, 287
human being, 176 major assumptions of, 285–287
related to illness, to care, and to life, 175–176 major concepts & definitions of, 283–285b
Sufficient condition, 28 nursing communities acceptance of, 287–290
Suicidal thoughts, 677 summary of, 292
theoretical assertions of, 287
theoretical sources for, 282–285

744 Index Theoretical sources
in Adaptation Model, 304–307
T in Behavioral System Model, 333–334
Tacit knowledge, 522 in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 100–103
Taxonomic structure (TS), 659, 661, 665 in Caring, Theory of, 689–690
Taylor, Charles, 122 in Caritative Caring Theory, 173–176
Teacher, as nursing role, 43–44 in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 612–613
Technical knowledge, 471 in Comfort Theory, 658–660
Technological factors, 103 in Conservation Model, 205–208
Technological structures, 112 in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 420–422
Technological theory, 111–112 in Goal Attainment Theory, 260
Technologic Competence as Caring in Critical Care Nursing in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 443–445
in Health Promotion Model, 398–400
Theory, 369 in Humanbecoming Theory, 465–470
Temperament of infant, 542, 676 in Illness Trajectory Theory, 595–597
Temporality, 596 in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 539–542
Tenets, 425, 466 in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 499–502
Tension, 335–336 in Modern Nursing, 62–64
Ten Tidal Commitments, 630–632b, 645 in Nursing as Caring Theory, 359–362
Terror, encountering, 675 in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 702–703
Tertiary prevention as intervention, 285 in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 151–156
Theoretical assertions, 27–28 in Postpartum Depression Theory, 674–677
in Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 241–247
in Adaptation Model, 310–311 in Self-Transcendence Theory, 575–576
in Behavioral System Model, 338–340 in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 521–523
in Bureaucratic Caring Theory, 106 in Systems Model, 282–285
in Caring, Theory of, 693–694 in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 627–635
in Caritative Caring Theory, 179–180 in Transitions Theory, 381–384
in Chronic Sorrow Theory, 615 in Transpersonal Caring, 81–84
in Comfort Theory, 662–663 in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 556–558
in Conservation Model, 209 in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 221–222
in Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality, 425
in Goal Attainment Theory, 263 Theoretical statements, 27–28, 30–31
in Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory, 448–450 Theory. See also Nursing theory
in Health Promotion Model, 403
in Humanbecoming Theory, 474 abstract concepts of, 24
in Illness Trajectory Theory, 599–600 application of, 508
in Maternal Role Attainment Theory, 544–547 components of, 23–31
in Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory, 505 concepts of, 24–27
in Modern Nursing, 66–67 contributions to, 24
of Nightingale, 66–67 definitions of, 24–27
in Nursing as Caring Theory, 364 development of, 23–24
in Peaceful End-of-Life Theory, 703–704 as form of theoretical organization, 29
in Philosophy of Caring Theory, 158 invented, 18
in Postpartum Depression Theory, 678–679 judging, 19
in Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing, 248–249 observation and, relationship between, 17
in Self-Transcendence Theory, 578–579 organization of, 29–30
in Symphonological Bioethical Theory, 525–528, 532 organizing theory and, 29
in Systems Model, 287 relational statements of, 29
in Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 130–131 of relativity, 30
in Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 638–639 research and, interdependent relationship of, 7
in Transitions Theory, 385–386 scientific, 16–21
in Transpersonal Caring, 85–86 statements in, 27
in Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 560–561 Theory-based evidence, 9
in Unitary Human Beings Theory, 224–225 Theory-building process, 33–34
Theoretical basis of Tidal Model of Mental Health Theory development
contemporary issues in, 31–34
Recovery, 632 emergence of, 5
Theoretical linkages, 28–31 evolution of, 3
Theoretical ordering, 28–31
Theoretical organization, 29

Index 745

Theory development (Continued) Tomlin, Evelyn M. (Continued)
expansion of, 714–715 credentials of, 496–498
importance of, 23
Nightingale’s theoretical sources for, 62–64 Tongs, Mary, 696
process of, 23 (See also Theory) Törnebohm, Håkan, 174
Transcendence, 473, 577, 658, 664
Theory era, 4 Transcultural care theory, 423
Theory of Accelerating Change, 10 Transcultural Communicative Caring Tool, 107
Theory of Adolescent Vulnerability to Risk Behaviors, 290 Transcultural nursing, 420, 422, 424
Theory of Dependent Care, 250 Transformation of care, 368
Theory of Dialysis Decision Making, 290 Transformative practice of critical analysis, 151
Theory of Existential Authenticity, 112–113 Transforming, 470
Theory of Health Promotion in Preterm Infants, 211 Transitions
Theory of Human Caring, 87
Theory of Maternal Role Stress, 290 as concept, 380
Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise, 120–146 conditions, 383
experiences, 382–383
case study based on, 136–138b ineffective, 379
critiquing of, 134–136 patterns of, 382
empirical evidence for, 126–128 types of, 382
further developments by, 133–134 unhealthy, 379
logical form of, 131 Transitions Theory, 378–395
major assumptions of, 128–130 case study based on, 388b
major concepts & definitions of, 124–126b critiquing of, 387
nursing communities acceptance of, 131–133 empirical evidence for, 384–385
philosophical sources for, 121–126 further developments by, 387
summary of, 136–138 logical form of, 386
theoretical assertions of, 130–131 major assumptions of, 385
Theory of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 629 major concepts & definitions of, 382–384b
Theory of relativity, 222–223 nursing communities acceptance of, 386–387
Theory of Stress and Coping, 123 summary of, 387–388
Theory of Well-being, 290 theoretical assertions of, 385–386
Theory-testing research, 33–34 theoretical sources for, 381–384
Theory-then-research strategy, 15, 16 Transpersonal Caring Theory, 79–97
Theory utilization era, 5 carative factors of, 82t
Therapeutic philosophy, 634 caritas process of, 82t
Therapeutics, nursing, 384 case study based on, 89–90b
Therapeutic self-care demand, 245, 250–251 critiquing of, 88
Therapeutic touch, 452 empirical evidence for, 84
Thinking, 340, 505 further developments by, 88
Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery, 626–656 logical form of, 86
case study based on, 646–648b major assumptions of, 84–85
critiquing of, 642–646 major concepts & definitions of, 83–84b
empirical evidence for, 635–636 nursing communities acceptance of, 86–87
essential values of, 630–632b summary of, 89–90
further developments by, 642 theoretical assertions of, 85–86
logical form of, 639 theoretical sources for, 81–84
major assumptions of, 636–638 Travelbee, Joyce, 50–51
major concepts & definitions of, 632–635b Treatment, 340–341
nursing communities acceptance of, 639–642 Trephotaxis, nursing as, 636–637
summary of, 646–648 Trigger events, 613
theoretical assertions of, 638–639 Trim of nursing, 85
theoretical sources for, 627–635 Tri-Service Military Nursing Research group, 133
Tierney, Alison J., 52–54 Tri-Service Nursing Research Program, 100, 109–111
Time, concept of, 448, 449 Trophicognosis, 207
Time span, 383 Truth, 176, 471–472
Tomlin, Evelyn M., 496–519. See also Modeling and Role- for the moment, 471–472
TS. See Taxonomic structure (TS)
Modeling Theory Turkel, Marian, 100
background of, 496–498

746 Index uploaded by [stormrg]

U V
Uncertainty, 470, 557, 560, 563, 601 Values, 83
Uncertainty abatement work, 596 Valuing, 468
Uncertainty-in-illness models, 564 Vardaman, Shellye, 386–387
Uncertainty in Illness Theory, 555–573 Ventilation, 63–64
Verification, 18–19
case study based on, 565b Virtue of curiosity, 633
critiquing of, 563–564 Visiting Nurse Association (VNA), 498
empirical evidence for, 558–559 Vocation, 153, 156
further developments by, 562–563 Vulnerability, 385, 576, 578, 579
logical form of, 561
major assumptions of, 559–560 W
major concepts & definitions of, 557–558b Waerness, Kari, 149
nursing communities acceptance of, 561–562 Walker, Susan, 397
summary of, 564–565 Warmth, 63–64
theoretical assertions of, 560–561 Watchful waiting, 562
theoretical sources for, 556–558 Water, as metaphor, 633
Uncertainty Management Intervention for Watchful Watson, Margaret Jean Harman, 79–97, 674, 689. See also

Waiting, 562 Transpersonal Caring Theory
Unconditional acceptance, 500 background of, 79–81
Unfolded order, 101 credentials of, 79–81, 171–173
Unhealthy transitions, 379 Weber, Max, 151, 153
Unitary Human Beings Theory, 220–239 Webster, Denny, 629
Well, concept of, 27
case study based on, 231b Well-being, 130, 576, 578, 579, 581, 582, 693
critiquing of, 230–231 Wellness, 284
empirical evidence for, 222–223 Wellness motivation, 28
further developments by, 230 Western Commission of Higher Education in Nursing
homeodynamics, evolution of principles of, 224t
logical form of, 225 Conference, 7
major assumptions of, 223–224 Whitehill, Irene, 638
major concepts & definitions of, 221–222b Wholeness, 206
nursing communities acceptance of, 225–228 Whole person, 363
research instruments and practice tools derived from science Wholism, philosophy of, 20
Wholistic approach, 283
of, 228–230t Wiedenbach, Ernestine, 47–48
summary of, 231
theoretical assertions of, 224–225 Clinical Nursing: A Helping Art, 47–48
theoretical sources for, 221–222 clinical nursing, elements specified by, 48
Unitary Transformative Paradigm-Holographic thinking, 85–86 orientation of, 48
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 406 Wiener, Carolyn L., 593–608. See also Illness Trajectory Theory
Universality, 422, 425 background of, 593–595
Universal self-care requisites, 245 credentials of, 593–595
Universe of open systems, 222 Williams, Rachel, 68
University baccalaureate programs, 6–7 Wingren, Gustaf, 174
University Health Network, 480–481 Wisdom, 450, 471–472. See also Theory of Nursing Practice Expertise
University of Colorado School of Nursing, 80 Work, 596
University of Maryland Measurement of Nursing Outcomes World domain, 633, 643
World Health Organization, 86
project, 262–263 World Psychiatric Association, 640
University of Michigan Medical Center, 506 Worldview, 422
University of Michigan School of Nursing, 506–507 Wright, Georg von, 173–174
University of Ottawa, 641 Wrubel, Judith, 122
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 506
University of Tennessee Medical Center, 506 Z
University of Texas, 506–507 Zen Buddhism, 628
Unplanned pregnancy, 677 Zen sense of reality, 637–638
Untouchable zone, 156
Unwanted pregnancy, 677
User of symbols, 242
Utilitarianism, 521–522