51 Identification of Flood Vulnerability Index Parameter in Assessing Flood Risk in Selangor, Malaysia Nur Farah Asyiqin Tajuddin, Faizah Che Ros ____________________________________________________________________ Floods are one of the most common and damaging natural disasters, claiming lives and causing significant economic damage. Urbanization can increase the risk of flooding due to increased water runoff and volume. This study focuses on a flood vulnerability assessment approach as a planning tool by combining the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) with variables available in urban development areas. This index was created by combining the variables of three components: exposure, susceptibility, and resilience. The FVI is a critical element in risk management and flood damage assessment. In the FVI research, vulnerability is defined as the extent of damage that can be expected under conditions of exposure, susceptibility, and resilience. To determine the complexity and degree of risk, an indicator-based vulnerability assessment is often used in vulnerability studies. The FVI reflects the vulnerability of urban areas. Secondary data were used to obtain variables for the social and economic components. A quantitative method was used to calculate the correlation of each variable with flooding. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used as a development tool. The indicators are categorized as exposure, susceptibility, and resilience, and these indices were created using normalization, weighting, and aggregation of the indicators. To determine the flood vulnerability in Selangor, a small number of indicators were selected to quantitatively assess the flood risk in Selangor. The objective of this study is to locate flood-prone areas in Selangor. The results show the distribution of vulnerability at the district level. The results of this study could serve as a reference tool for future flood risk mitigation efforts in Selangor. Evaluation of Changes in the Function of Green Open Spaces in Public Facilities in the City of Banda Aceh (Case Study of the Blang Padang Field Area) Henny Marlina, Qurratul Aini _____________________________________________________________ The existence of the Blang Padang Field as a green open space (RTH) in Banda Aceh City based on its natural weight, is included in the category of non-natural areas or built areas. This built area has ecological, social and recreational functions for the surrounding community in Banda Aceh City. This area is used as a tourism zone and public open space, where this area is often used as a gathering location or meeting friends for people who live and visit the city of Banda Aceh. People usually enjoy the atmosphere of the Blang Padang field by spreading mats or sitting directly on the green grass. Based on Law Number 26 of 2007, the proportion of green open space required in an urban area is at least 30% of the city area, while the proportion of public green open space is at least 20% of the city area. This proportion can provide a balanced urban ecosystem which can increase the availability of clean air needed by people in urban areas. In addition, clean air can also increase the value of the beauty and comfort of a city. The condition of the Blang Padang Field area is currently starting to be used as an area of economic activity, causing a decrease in ecological quality, such as increasing air temperature and urban environmental pollution. The focus of this research is to evaluate the percentage of pavement area and green area in the Blang Padang Field area. The results can determine changes in function that occur in green open space in the area. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation studies. The results showed that the area of Blang Padang is 95,521 m2 (9.5 Ha). The pavement area is 28,442 m2 (2.8 Ha) with a percentage of 29.77% of the total area. Based on the results obtained, the most concerning factor is the increase in the permanent pavement area. The pavement area is used as parking facilities for both two- and four-wheeled wheels, culinary facilities and sports facilities. 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023 CENVIRON PAGE |
52 Optical Fibre Inclinometer Using Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing Technology for Real-Time Landslide Monitoring System Muhammad Farid Bin Ghazali, Muhammad Yusoff Bin Mohd Nasir, Muhammad Shafiq Aiman Bin Ahmran, Hisham Mohamad, Wan Muhammad Hafiz Zakaria ____________________________________________________________ _ With the extreme weather and climate change, landslide hazards in Malaysia have become more frequent and severe, causing loss of life and destruction to various infrastructures. Landslide early warning systems can be deployed as part of a risk management strategy that, amongst others, reduces the impacts of disaster events. The recent development of Fibre Optic (FO) sensors is seen as a future technology to improve the limitations of current slope monitoring and early warning scheme which are comprised of electrical-based sensors that inherited problems such as electromagnetic interference, high cost, and measurement drifts. Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors (DOFSS) on the other hand are versatile sensors that can be used to measure various parameters such as the detection of small strains associated with early signs of slope movement. As investigated and presented in this paper, the DOFSS is incorporated using a Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) interrogator that measures strain at every 4 mm along the whole length of an optical cable for kilometers long. The paper presents how this technology can be used to monitor slope movements as well as the data processing technique involved and real-time monitoring. Working in tandem with government agencies (JKR) and councils, the slope at Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan was selected to determine the best monitoring layout for landslide detection. FO inclinometers were installed on the embankment slope at Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan. In this monitoring, the displacement readings for the 9.5m depth of the inclinometer casing were recorded using FO and conventional inclinometer probes. the displacement readings of FO and inclinometer probe with a similar kind of profile. The average difference between conventional and FO inclinometer for 9.5 m depth is less than 3.56%. The early warning system developed in this project shall provide vital information to assist designers and operators as well as inform the stakeholders on the integrity of their structures. 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023 CENVIRON PAGE |
53 Energy, Sustainability & Green Environment ABSTRACT CENVIRON PAGE | ABSTRACT
CENVIRON PAGE | 54 Investigation of Microwave-Assisted Ethanol Pre-Treatment Towards Delignification Efficiency of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Ashvinder Singh Gill A/L Harbinder Singh, Steven Lim, Pang Yean Ling, Wong Kam Huei, Shuit Siew Hoong ___________________________________________________________________________ Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) such as the oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has emerged as one of the sustainable alternative renewable bio-resources in retrieving the valuable bioproducts such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The natural recalcitrance of LCB by the disarray of lignin is overcome through the combinative application of organosolv pre-treatment followed by microwave irradiation, which helps to break down LCB into its respective components. This physicochemical treatment process was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethanol solvent, microwave power and duration against delignification and the total sugars yield. The highest delignification rate was obtained with lowest amount of lignin left in OPEFB sample of 0.57% for samples pre-treated with ethanol, subjected to reaction time of 90 minutes and microwave power of 520 W. Microwave power functions to increase the temperature of the ethanol organic solvent utilized, which in turn helps break the protective lignin layer of OPEFB. On the other hand, the data on surface morphology supports this data finding, where OPEFB samples pre-treated with 55 vol% of solvent subjected to similar microwave duration and power is observed to have higher opened and deepened surface structure, in which higher thermal degradation lead to more lignin being removed in order to expose and extract the total sugars. Therefore, it can be concluded that ethanol pre-treatment in combination with microwave irradiation can serve as a novel integrated method to optimize the delignification process from OPEFB. Floodplain Development in Aceh River; exploring the synergies between flood risk and urban needs Faiza Aidina ______________________________________________________________________________ Floodplain is an area next to a riverbed that is more or less frequently covered with water in times of high-water discharges from adjacent rivers. It usually has a high environmental value because of its heterogeneous habitats for wildlife species. However, the condition of rivers in each country could be unique and different, because of their history and location thus create a different nuance. The object study of this research is a constructed floodway and flood plain in Krueng Aceh (Aceh River) owned and managed by the local government. Since the last big flood in 2000, this wide flat land remained dry in several areas and was used by some villagers around to make a living. In 2020 it had cleared from several illegal land use, resulted a grassland floodplain with low intensity use which in theory is in a good direction. Meanwhile in the perspective of urban needs, river development could also bring economic, social, and environmental benefits to community. The objective of this study is to investigate the concept of ecology service provision and humanlandscape connectivity. The method used in this research is semi qualitative research that combine theories and observation. Furthermore, this research resulted in finding guides for creating a sustainable low-impact development river space. 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023
55 Influence of Temperature and Blending Ratio on Product Yield for Co-gasification of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell (TPKS) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Nur Rahimah Ibrahim, Razi Ahmad, Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak ____________________________________________________________________ This study investigates the product yields produced from the co-gasification of torrefied palm kernel shell (TPKS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Prior co-gasification, PKS was undergo pre-treatment process at different temperature. The optimum parameter for torrefaction was found at 250 oC for 60 min reaction time with 4.89 wt. % moisture content and 10.48 wt.% fixed carbon. Thus, the result indicated that TPKS a suitable fuel feedstock for futher thermal conversion. Then, TPKS and LDPE were gasified at different temperature and blending ratio for 60 min reaction time. Based on the findings found that, temperature plays an important role in co-gasification. Higher gasification temperature increases the carbon conversion which improves gasification rate. By varying temperature from 600 to 1000 oC, the gas yield increased considerably from 25.88 to 45.94 wt%, whilst tar yield decreased sharply from 49.61 to 35.03 wt%. However, as temperature increased from 800 to 1000 oC, tar yield increased from 26.58 to 35.03 wt%. Meanwhile, char yield decreased from 24.50 wt.% to 19.02 wt.% over the temperature range of 600 to 1000 oC. For the effect of blending ratio, through blending of TPKS and LDPE, the gas and char yield increase, while tar decrease with increase torrefied TPKS ratio. Furthermore, it was observed that the product yields obtained from the co-gasification of TPKS and LDPE at 50:50 blending ratios produce the highest gas yield with low char and tar yield than other blending ratio. Therefore, based on the effect of temperature and blending ratio on product yield shows that the optimum parameter to produce maximum gas yield with minimum tar and char yield are at 50:50 (TPKS:LDPE) blending ratio at 800oC for 60 minutes reaction time. Energy Efficient Design of Building Based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) Giovanni Oktavian, Christin Remayanti Nainggolan, Indradi Wijatmiko, Yatnanta P. Devia, M. Ruslin Anwar __________________________________________________________________________ Building energy analysis is rarely carried out due to the complexity of building shape and materials. On the other hand, the urgency of environmentally friendly construction is increasing through the vision of the SDGs and Architecture 2030. The development of BIM technology is expected to provide accurate estimates of building energy consumption for projects undertaken, as well as recommendations for alternative designs and specifications to increase the energy efficiency of a building. The use of BIM technology for energy analysis during building design helps to implement green building sustainable design based on the analysis of BIM energy simulation software. Data of three-dimensional BIM model with the attributes of materials, project schedule and location are used in building energy consumption simulation analysis. Several scenarios of different materials and layout are carried out to determine the most efficient scenario for energy consumption and followed by its cost estimation. The results of this study are expected to be able to provide the energy value that can be saved through predetermined scenarios as well as the value of the costs required to run a more energy-friendly design scenario in a comprehensive manner. 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023 CENVIRON PAGE |
56 The Impacts of ICT and innovation on Carbon Emissions in G20 Countries Lee Hui Shan, Sin Yee Lee, Le Ting Yap, Lee Sin Yee, Har Wai Mun ____________________________________________________ The G20 countries collectively account for a substantial portion of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as they represent the world's major economies and industrial powers. The continual growth in CO2 emissions exacerbates the greenhouse effect, which negatively influences the environment and ecosystems by raising temperatures, altering weather patterns, and increasing sea levels. To effectively address global climate action, it is imperative to tackle and reduce CO2 emissions in G20 nations. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of ICT and innovation on CO2 emissions in G20 countries. Using panel quantile regression, we analyze data spanning from the year 2000 to 2019 to derive meaningful results. The findings demonstrate a strong positive association between ICT and CO2 in nations that fall between the 10th and 40th quantiles. The countries with carbon dioxide emissions falling between the 30th and 90th quantiles also showed a strong positive correlation between patent applications and CO2. The conclusion of this study shows that innovation and ICT do not always reduce CO2, especially in nations with low CO2 levels. As a result, depending on the country's CO2 level, different ICT and innovation-related initiatives may have different effects on CO2. 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023 CENVIRON PAGE |
Executive Committee PATRON: Prof. Dato’ Ts. Dr. Zaliman Sauli ADVISOR: Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin Assoc. Prof. Dr. Naimah Ibrahim CHAIRMAN: Assoc. Prof. Dr.Farrah Aini Dahalan CO-CHAIRMAN: Dr. Ilya Joohari SECRETARY: Dr. NurSoleha Abdul Rahim Mrs. JaslizaJohari TREASURER: Mrs. ZaitySyazwaniMohd Odli Mrs. Noor RastinaJohari CENVIRON 2023 COMMITEES CENVIRON PAGE | 57
Technical Committees Technical Review: Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Wong Yee Shian Ts. Dr. Nabilah Aminah Lutpi Ir. Ts. Norhaizura Yahya Dr. Shahrul Azwan Shakrani Dr. Fatmawati Abdul Wahid Conference Secretariat: Ts. Dr. Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim Ts. Khairunnisa Muhamad Dr. Farahiyah Abdul Rahman Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar Publication committee: Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Sara Yasina Yusuf Dr. Shamilah Anudai@Anuar Dr. Norazrin Ramli Publicity and Promotion: Ts. Dr. Nurfadzillah Ishak Dr. Nur Anira Asyikin Hashim Ts. Dr. Muhammad Azizi Azizan Ts. Dr. Fazdliel Aswad Ibrahim Ts. Dr. Nurul Akmam Naamandadin Souvenir and Certificate: Dr. Hazirah Pengiran Dr. Najihah Abdul Rashid Dr. Masitah Hasan Logistics and Accommodation: Dr. Salsuwanda Selamat Liaison Officer and Keynote: Ir. Zuhayr Md Ghazaly Dr. Nur Amierah Harun Sponsorship Committee: Ir. Ts. Dr. Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim Ir. Dr. Mohd Faiz Mohammad Zaki Technical and Special Task: Mr. Nazerry Rosmady Rahmat Mr. Ahmad Nazrin Hashim Mr. Mohammad Shukri Ardzmi CENVIRON 2023 COMMITEES CENVIRON PAGE | 58
59 Organizers , Co organizer and Sponsors CENVIRON PAGE |