SCIENCE FORM 1 CHAPTER 1 (1.2 : YOUR SCIENCE LABORATORY)

1 PCehnagpetneral1a:nInkterpoadduacPtieonnyitaosSactaiennStiafinctIinfivkestigation

Scientific Methodology

Do you realise that our life is based
on science? This includes the food we
eat, the clothes we wear, our modes of
transportation and the energy we use.

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1.1 Construction of tall buildings
1. Tick (✓) on natural phenomena.
Growth of a baby

Discovery of new medicine The occurrence of day and night

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. and
(a) Investigation of science involves systematic
of natural phenomena.
(b) The recent discovery of vaccines to treat dengue infection is a science
knowledge applied in the field of by microbiologists.
3. List three fields in science and their related careers.

1.2 Your Science Laboratory

Let’s learn

• Identify and state the functions of apparatus.
• Identify symbols and examples of hazardous materials in the laboratory.
• Draw and label apparatus commonly used in the laboratory and classify based on how

it is used.
• Justify the regulations and safety measures in the laboratory.

T he science laboratory is a room equipped to conduct scientific investigations and

experiments. There are many types of materials and apparatus found in the laboratory,
for example, measuring cylinder, retort stand and pipette.

Photograph 1.6 Science laboratory

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Table 1.1 The apparatus commonly used in a laboratory and their functions

Apparatus Function Apparatus Function

Boiling To heat small To measure
tube amounts of volume
chemicals of liquid
accurately
To hold small
Test tube amounts of Burette

chemicals

Beaker To measure a
fixed volume of
liquid

Pipette

To hold larger Tripod To support
amounts of stand apparatus
chemicals during heating

Conical flask

Wire To spread heat
gauze evenly during
heating

Flat-bottom Filter To filter or
flask funnel separate
insoluble solids
To measure from mixtures
volume of
liquid To contain gas
Measuring Gas jar
cylinder
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To hold or To evaporate
support Evaporating excess solvent
apparatus
dish
Retort
stand with

clamp

1.2

Aim: To identify the apparatus commonly used in the laboratory
Instruction
1. In groups, observe the apparatus commonly used in the laboratory.
2. Identify the apparatus and state their functions. Record them in your practical book.
3. Draw and label the apparatus in your practical book.
4. Then, discuss the classification of the apparatus according to their usage.
5. Present your discussion in class by using a tree map.

Symbols of Hazardous Materials in the Laboratory

Have you seen the symbol as in Figure 1.6? What is the meaning of the symbol?

Figure 1.6 A hazard symbol Science Exploration
Most chemicals that we Some chemicals like
potassium and lithium
use in the laboratory will react if exposed
are hazardous. We must to air. So, these
chemicals must be
observe the hazard kept in paraffin oil.
symbols on chemical
bottles before using them
to prevent accidents.

Photograph 1.7 Hazardous materials with hazard symbols Photograph 1.8 Lithium is kept in
paraffin oil

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Hazard Symbols

Irritant Chemicals which irritate give out vapour or fumes that will hurt the
eyes, nose and throat. AVOID inhaling the vapour or fumes. Use
the chemicals inside a fume chamber. Examples: chloroform and
ammonia.

Radioactive

Radioactive materials that emit radioactive rays can cause
cancer. Examples: uranium and plutonium.

Corrosive These chemicals are corrosive. DO NOT touch these chemicals because
it will burn your skin. In case of contact with the skin, wash the affected
part with lots of water. Examples: concentrated acid and alkali.

Poison / Toxic

This chemical is poisonous or toxic. DO NOT drink, eat, smell or
taste this chemical. Examples: mercury and chlorine.

Explosive

This chemical is explosive. Use this chemical according to the
instructions CAREFULLY. Examples: hydrogen gas and butane gas.

This chemical easily vaporises and is flammable. KEEP AWAY this Flammable
chemical from fire or heat sources. Use this chemical according to
instructions carefully. Examples: alcohol and petrol.

Figure 1.7 Hazard symbols

1.3 21 CPS

Aim: To identify the hazard symbols B
Instruction How would you transfer
1. Work in groups. Identify 10 ml of a corrosive
chemical into a beaker?
the hazard symbols What will happen if you
found in the laboratory. use a plastic beaker for this
2. Discuss the information purpose? Why?
gathered.
3. Present the discussion in
class.

Photograph 1.9 Chemicals in
a laboratory

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Rules and Safety Measures in the Laboratory

To prevent unwanted incidents, we should
follow the rules and safety measures in the

laboratory.

Laboratory Rules

Do not enter the laboratory without permission.
Never start an experiment without the teacher’s instructions.
Read and understand the instructions of the experiment beforehand.
Use the chemicals and apparatus correctly and carefully.
Eating, drinking and playing are prohibited in the laboratory.
Do not take the apparatus and chemicals out of the laboratory.
After using, keep the apparatus and chemicals in their original places.
Make sure the place to conduct the experiments is always neat and clean.
Wash all the apparatus and throw away waste materials according to the correct
procedures.
Wash your hands with soap and water before leaving the laboratory.

Safety Measures when Using Chemicals and Apparatus

Do not point the Use safety goggles
mouth of the test tube when mixing or
at your face or at other heating chemicals.
people.

Keep highly flammable Do not taste or
chemicals away from any smell anything
heat sources. unless allowed by
the teacher.

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If an accident occurs, do not panic. Take the necessary actions as demonstrated in the
situations below:

Spilled chemicals should Caution, avoid
be reported to the contact with the
1 teacher. 2
chemical.
Din, run quickly! There is a Remember, Farah, if
fire! I have already turned off you accidentally come
the electricity. Let us inform into contact with any

our teacher. chemicals, you need to
rinse it off with plenty
3 of water.

1.4

Aim: To discuss the rules and safety measures in the laboratory
Instruction
1. Work in groups. Each group has to look for information about one of the topics given

below:
(a) Rules in a laboratory
(b) Safety measures in a laboratory
(c) Steps to prevent fire in a laboratory
(d) Actions to be taken in the event of an accident in a laboratory
2. Discuss the information gathered in your group and present it in the class.

1.2
1. Draw the following apparatus.
(a) Flat-bottom flask (b) Conical flask (c) Boiling tube (d) Measuring cylinder
2. (a) What is the meaning of the hazard symbols below?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

(b) State two examples of chemicals with the hazard symbol in (a)(i).
3. Suhaimi sees a small fire on the laboratory table. What actions should he take?

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