DP014 : TUTORIAL FLIPBOOK 1/2

PHYSICS UNIT KMNS

PHYSICS
TUTORIAL
BOOKLET

DP014

2021/2022

Flipbook 1/2
(Topic 1-4)

PHYSICS UNIT PHYSICS UNIT

COPY RIGHT PHYSICS UNIT KMNS

CONTENTS i
ii
THE GREEK ALPHABET iv
LIST OF SELECTED CONSTANT VALUES
LIST OF SELECTED FORMULAE 1
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 7
TOPIC 2: KINEMATICS OF LINEAR MOTION 14
TOPIC 3: MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE 20
TOPIC 4: FORCES 26
TOPIC 5: WORK AND ENERGY 32
TOPIC 6: CIRCULAR MOTION 37
TOPIC 7: ROTATIONAL OF RIGID BODY 43
TOPIC 8: HEAT, GAS LAW AND THERMODYNAMICS

THE GREEK ALPHABET

A  Alpha

B  Beta

 Gamma

  Delta

  Epsilon

  Zeta

  Eta

 Theta

  Iota

  Kappa

  Lambda

 Mu

 Nu.

  Xi

  Omicron

 Pi

  Rho

  Sigma

  Tau

  Upsilon

  ,  Phi

  Chi

  Psi

  Omega

i

LIST OF SELECTED CONSTANT VALUES
SENARAI NILAI PEMALAR TERPILIH

ii

LIST OF SELECTED CONSTANT VALUES
SENARAI NILAI PEMALAR TERPILIH

iii

LIST OF SELECTED FORMULAE
SENARAI RUMUS TERPILIH

iv

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

TOPIC1

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

1.1 Physics Understanding
a) State basic quantities and their respective SI units : length (m), time (s),
mass(kg), electrical current (A), temperature (K), amount of substance
(mol) and luminosity (cd).
b) State derived quantities (in terms of basic quantities) and their respective
units and symbols : velocity( −1), acceleration ( −2), work (J), force
(N), pressure (Pa), energy (J), power (W) and frequency (Hz).
c) Perform conversion between SI units.

1.2 Scalars and vectors
a) Define scalar and vector quantities.
b) Compare scalar and vector quantities.
c) Resolve vector into two perpendicular components (x and y axes)
d) Determine resultant vector of two vector component.

1

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)

1. Which of the following is the correct basic quantities and their unit?
A. Force ( N )
B. Temperature ( oC )
C. Temperature ( K )
D. Force ( kgms-2)

2. Which of the following pairings is incorrect?

Derived Quantities Derived Unit Base Unit
kg m−2 s−2
A. Work Nm kg m s−2
kg m2 s−3
B. Force N kg m−1 s−2
C. Power J s−1
D. Pressure N m−2

3. What is the basic unit for the quantity p2 where p is the momentum of an
m

object with mass m?
A. m s-1
B. kg m s-2
C. kg m2 s-1
D. kg m2 s-2

4. Identify the row that contains two scalar quantities and one vector quantity.

A. distance acceleration velocity

B. speed mass acceleration

C. distance weight force

D. velocity force mass

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

5. Identify which of the following quantities can be described by their magnitude
and direction.
A. time
B. mass
C. energy
D. acceleration

ANSWERS:
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

(C3, PLO 4, CTPS 2, MQF LOD 6)

1. State basic quantities and their respective SI units.

2. State derived quantities and their respective unit and symbols for
a) velocity
b) acceleration
c) force
d) pressure

3. The density ρ and pressure P of a gas are related by the expression c = P .


Find the basic unit of c.

4. Convert the following into SI unit.
a) 560 km h-1
b) 0.089 km h-2
c) 4700 µm3

5. 1 kg of a platinum-iridium has 39 mm in height and 39 mm in diameter. The
volume of cylinder is V = πr2h. Calculate the density of the cylinder in SI unit.

6.
y
8N

12 N 30°

50° x
20 N

FIGURE 1.1
FIGURE 1.1 shows three forces 12 N, 8 N and 20 N. Calculate the magnitude
and direction of the resultant force.

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

7.
y
= 3.7 km

40°
x

30°

A = 5.2 kmB

FIGURE 1.2
Two displacement vector A and B are shown in FIGURE 1.2. Find the
magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement.

8. A girl pushes a box across the floor and causes it to undergo two displacements
A and B. Displacement A is 1.5 m along the positive x-axis, while displacement
B is 1.4 m along the positive-y axis. Determine the magnitude and direction of
the resultant displacement.

9.
F1

30°
F2

FIGURE 1.3
Two forces F1 = 8 N and F2 = 12 N are acting on a wooden block shown in
FIGURE 1.3. Calculate the resultant force acting on the wooden block.

10. Fighter jet starting from airbase A flies 300 km east, then 350 km at 30° west of
north and then 150 km north to arrive finally at airbase B. The next day, another
fighter jet flies directly from A to B in a straight line. How far will the pilot travel
in this direct flight? In what direction should the pilot travel in this direct flight?

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

ANSWERS:

1. Refer Notes
2. (a) −1 (b) −2 (c) −2 @ , (d) −2 @ ,
3. m s-1

4. a) 155.56 ms-1 b) 6.87 x 10-6 ms-2 c) 4.7 x 10-15 m3

4. 2.146 x 104 kg m-3

5. 2.146 x 104 kgm-3
6. 26.357 N, 47.14° above –ve x-axis
7. 1.68 km at 7.50° below –ve x-axis

8. 2.05 m, 43.02° above positive x-axis

9. 19.35 N at 11.93° above +ve x-axis

10. 470 km, 74.6° N of E

6

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

TOPIC 2
KINEMATICS OF LINEAR MOTION

2.1 Linear motion

a) Define
i. instantaneous velocity, average velocity and uniform velocity.
ii. instantaneous acceleration, average acceleration and uniform
acceleration.

b) Compare the following quantities
i. instantaneous velocity, average velocity and uniform velocity.
ii. instantaneous acceleration, average acceleration and uniform
acceleration.

c) Sketch displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs.
d) Interpret displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs.
e) Determine the distance travelled, displacement, velocity and acceleration

from appropriate graphs.

2.2 Uniformly accelerated motion

a) Apply equations of motion with uniform acceleration:

= +

= + 1 2
2
2 = 2 + 2

b) Apply equation of motion for free fall:

= −

= − 1 2
2
2 = 2 − 2

7

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)
.

1. Can an object's velocity change direction when its acceleration is
constant? Support your answer with an example.

A. No, this is not possible because it is always speeding up.

B. No, this is not possible because it is always speeding up or always
slowing down, but it can never turn around.

C. Yes, this is possible, and a rock thrown straight up is an example.
D. Yes, this is possible, and a car that starts from rest, speeds up, slows to

a stop, and then backs up is an example.

2. What is definition of average velocity?
A. The rate of change of velocity
B. The rate of change of distance.
C. The rate of change of displacement.
D. The rate of change of average displacement

3. A ball which has been dropped vertically downward onto the floor rebounds
upward. Which of the following graph shows the variation of velocity with time?

v
v

A. t B. t
0 0

C. v v t
0 D.

0
t

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

4. You are throwing a ball straight up in the air. At the highest point, the ball’s
A. velocity and acceleration are zero.
B. velocity is nonzero but acceleration is zero.
C. velocity is zero but acceleration is not zero.
D. velocity and acceleration are both nonzero.

5. A ball is thrown straight up. Make a statement about the velocity and the
acceleration when the ball reaches the highest point.
A Both its velocity and its acceleration are zero.
B Its velocity is zero and its acceleration is not zero.
C Its velocity is not zero and its acceleration is zero.
D Neither its velocity nor its acceleration is zero.

ANSWERS:

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B

9

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
(C3, PLO 4, CTPS 2, MQF LOD 6)
1. Object A
Object B Object C
Displacement
Displacement Displacement

time time time

FIGURE 2.1
The displacement-time graphs of object A, B and C are as shown in FIGURE
2.1 above.
(a) What is represented by the gradient of each graph above?
(b) Explain how the velocity of each object changes (if any).

2.

FIGURE 2.2
Based on the graph shown in FIGURE 2.2 above:
(a) Describe the motion of the particle from A to E.
(b) Sketch a - t graph.
(c) Sketch s - t graph.

3.

FIGURE 2.3
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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

From the graph v - t shown in FIGURE 2.3 above:
(a) Describe the motion of the object from B to C.
(b) Along the journey, calculate the

(i) acceleration.
(ii) deceleration.
(iii) total distance travelled.

4. FIGURE 2.4 shows the motion of a car travelling along a straight road.

FIGURE 2.4
(a) Determine the acceleration in the time interval between

(i) t = 0 s and t = 5.0 s.
(ii) t = 10 s and t = 12 s.
(b) Determine the distance travelled in 12 s.
(c) Sketch the graph of acceleration, a against time, t.

5. The speed of a car traveling along a straight road decreases uniformly from
12 m s-1 to 8.0 m s-1 over 88.0 m. Calculate
(a) the acceleration of the car.
(b) the time of the car traveling over 88.0 m.
(c) the time taken for the car to stop.
(d) the total distance traveled by the car until it rests.

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
6.

100 m

FIGURE 2.5
En. Hassan is driving at 108 km h-1 along a straight road. Suddenly he sees a
school girl walks across the road 100 m ahead of his car as shown FIGURE
2.5. His reaction time is 0.7 s and the maximum deceleration of the car is 4.5
m s-2. Explain quantitatively either the car will hit the school girl or not.

7. In a 100 m race, a runner Nathan accelerating uniformly takes 2.0 s and another
runner Sammy 2.5 s to reach their maximum speeds which they each maintain
for the rest of the race. They cross the finish line simultaneously, both setting a
time of 12.0 s.
(a) What is the acceleration of each runner?
(b) What are the respective maximum speeds of Nathan and Sammy?
(c) Which runner is ahead at the 6.0 s, and how much?
(d) Sketch the speed – time graphs for the runners in same axis.

8. A student drops a stone from a second floor window, 15 m above the ground.
(a) How long does it take for the stone to reach the ground?
(b) Calculate the velocity of the stone before it hits the ground.
(c) If another stone with twice its weight of the first stone dropped from the
same height, how long does it take to reach the ground in comparison
with the first stone. Explain. ( Air resistance is negligible).

9. A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 10.0 m s-1 from the edge
of the cliff 65.0 m high. Calculate
(a) the time taken to reach the bottom of the cliff.
(b) the speed of the stone just before hitting the ground.
(c) the total distance travelled.
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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
10.

FIGURE 2.6

A rocket is launched upwards from the ground with the initial velocity of 35 m s-
1 as shown in FIGURE 2.6. The magnitude of its acceleration is 5.0 m s-2.
Suddenly the engine breaks down at height h = 20.0 km from the ground.
Neglect air resistance. Calculate

(a) the speed of the rocket at the height of 20 km.

(b) the maximum height achieved by the rocket.

(c) the time of flight of the rocket.

ANSWERS:

1. (a) Velocity

(b) Object A – velocity is constant with time

Object B – velocity is reducing with time
Object C – velocity is increasing with time

2. AB: v increases uniformly (accelerating) until it reaches maximum velocity

BC: v decreases uniformly (decelerating) until it stops

CD: v increases uniformly but it moves in opposite direction

DE: v decreases uniformly until it stops (still in opposite direction)

3. (a) 0 (b) (i) 5m s-2 (ii) −10 m s-2 (iii) 180 m

4. (a) 4.0 m s-1, -10 m s-1 (b) 170 m

5. (a) -0.455 ms-2 (b) 8.79 s (c) 26.4s (d) 158m

6. Yes . The car stops 21m after hitting the girl

7. (a) 4.55ms-2 ,3.72ms-2 (b) 9.10ms-1, 9.30ms-1 (c) P ahead by 1.32m

8. (a) 1.75 s (b) −17.2 m s-1

9. (a) 4.79 s (b) -36.99 m s-1 (c) 75.2 m
10. (a) 448.6ms-1 (b) 30.26km (c) 207s

13

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

TOPIC 3
MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE

3.1 Momentum and impulse

a) Define momentum, p=mv and impulse, = ∆
b) Solve problem related to impulse and impulse-momentum theorem,

= ∆ = −
c) Determine impulse from F-t graph.

3.2 Conservation of linear momentum

a) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
b) Apply the principle of conservation of momentum in elastic and inelastic

collisions in 1D.
(Experiment 4 : Conservation of linear momentum)

14

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)

1. What is definition for linear momentum.?
A. the product of a force, F and the time, t
B. the change of momentum.
C. the ratio between mass and velocity.
D. the product between mass and velocity

2. What is definition for impulse?
A The product of a mass and acceleration of gravity.

B the product of a force, F and the time, t

C the ratio between mass and velocity.

D the ratio between change of momentum over time taken.

3. Which graph show the relationship between impulse and force

A B
F/ N F/ N

C t/s v / (m s-1)
F/ N D v / (m s-1)
F/ N

v / (m s-1)

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

4. Choose the correct statement of the principle of conservation of linear
momentum.
A The momentum of that system is constant.
B The total momentum of that system is constant.
C The product between mass and velocity in a closed system is constant.
D When the net external force on a system is zero, the total momentum of
that system is constant.

5. If the car is moving to the right in a constant speed change their direction without
changing their speed. What do you think about their movement of the system?

A The change of momentum is zero.
B Total momentum is zero.
C Impulse is zero.
D All the answer above is wrong.

ANSWERS:
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B

16

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS (C3, PLO 4, CTPS 2, MQF LOD 6)

1. A system is made up of two objects moving along a straight line. One object of
mass 1.5 kg moves to the right at a speed of 10.0 m s−1. The other object of
mass 2.0 kg moves to the left at a speed of 12.0 m s−1. Determine the total
momentum of the system.

2. An object A of mass 2.0 kg moves to the right at a speed of 5.0 m s−1. It collides
with another object B and rebounds to the left at a speed of 3.0 m s−1.
Determine the change in momentum of object A.

3. A ball with mass 400 g is moving horizontally with a speed 13.0 m s−1, hits a
wall and rebound at 18.0 m s−1 within 0.1 s. Calculate the magnitude of force
by wall act to the ball.

4. (a) F (N)

FIGURE 3.1 t (s)

FIGURE 3.1 shows graph F versus t. Based on the graph, what
represents impulse?

(b) Net force of 8.0 N acts on an 18.0 kg body for one minute.
(i) Determine the impulse due to the force.
(ii) Calculate the initial velocity of the body if the final velocity is
60.0 m s−1.

5. An object of mass 0.25 kg moves at a speed of 24.0 m s−1 along a straight line.
After it has collided with another object, it moves at a speed of 40.0 m s−1 in the
opposite direction. Determine
(a) the impulse acting on the object.
(b) the average force applied on the object if the impulsive force has acted
for t = 4.0 ms.

17

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
6.
18.0 m s−1

A BC

FIGURE 3.2

Three blocks A, B, and C of masses m, 2m, and 3m respectively are placed
on horizontal smooth plane as shown in FIGURE 3.2. Block A with speed
18.0 m s−1 collides and stick with block B. Both objects collide and stick with
block C together its move with common velocity v. Calculate the velocity v.

7. Object A travels in a straight line and has 100.0 J of kinetic energy. It collides
with a stationary object B of mass 3.0 kg. After the collision assumed to be
elastic, object A has 4.0 J of kinetic energy. Determine the speed of object B
after the collision.

8. An object A of mass 1.0 kg moving at a speed of 5.0 m s−1 to the right collides
with an object B of mass 2.0 kg initially moving at a speed of 4.0 m s−1 to the
left. The collision is a completely inelastic collision. After the collision, calculate

(a) the velocity of each object.

(b) the amount of kinetic energy lost.

9. FIGURE 4 shows an object of mass 0.25 kg moving with a velocity of 15 m s-1
and strikes a vertical wall with an impulse of 5.0 N s. The object rebounds from
the wall with velocity v. Calculate v.

u =15 m s-1 v

Before After

FIGURE 3.3

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Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
10.

FIGURE 3.4
FIGURE 3.4 shows three objects of masses 4 kg, 10 kg, and 3 kg move on a
frictionless horizontal track with speeds of 5.0 m s-1, 3.0 m s-1 and 4.0 m s-1.
The objects with masses 4 kg collide and stick with object 10 kg. Both object
collide and stick with object 3 kg. Together its move with common velocity.
Calculate the common velocity of the three objects.

ANSWERS:

1. −9.0 kg m s-1.
2. −16.0 kg m s-1
3. 124 N
4. (b) (i) 480 N s (ii) 33.33 m s-1
5. (a) −16 kg m s-1 (b) −4000 N
6. 3 m s-1
7. 8.0 m s−1
8. (a) −1.0 m s-1 (b) 27 J
9. -5 m s-1
10. 2.23 m s-1

19

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

TOPIC 4
FORCES

4.1 Basic of forces and free body diagram

a) Identify the forces acting on a body in different situations:
i. Weight, W
ii. Tension, T
iii. Normal force, N
iv. Friction, f and
v. External force (pull or push), F

b) Sketch free body diagram.
c) Determine static and kinetic friction

= , =

4.2 Newton's Laws of Motion

a) State Newton's laws of motion.
b) Apply Newton's laws of motion.

20

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)

1. Newton’s First Law of Motion is consistent with the concept of;
A. force
B. inertia
C. momentum
D. impulse

2. Two cars collide head-on. At every moment during the collision, the magnitude
of the force the first car exerts on the second is exactly equal to the magnitude
of the force the second car exerts on the first. This is an example of

A. Newton's first law.
B. Newton's third law.
C. Newton's second law.
D. Newton's law of gravitation.

3. If there is no net force acting on an object, its means that

A. the object is at rest.
B. the acceleration is zero.
C. the object is moving with constant velocity.
D. all of above.

4. Which force always pulls downward on objects?
A. Support force
B. Friction force
C. Gravity
D. Air Resistance

5. When you slide a box across the floor, you must apply a force which is stronger
than ……….
A. Support force
B. Frictional force
C. Gravity
D. Air resistance

ANSWERS:

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B

21

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS (C3, PLO 4, CTPS 3, MQF LOD 6)

1. FIGURE 4.3
v

Rough Surface
200

FIGURE 4.1

FIGURE 4.2

Based on FIGURE 4.1, FIGURE 4.2 and FIGURE 4.3, sketch the free body
diagram to identify the forces acting on the body or bodies in each given
situation.

2. v
v F

F

Rough table Smooth table

FIGURE 4.4 FIGURE 4.5

Based on FIGURE 4.4 and FIGURE 4.5, sketch their free body diagram.

3.

Rough plane

250
FIGURE 4.6

A 3.0 kg cube is placed on a rough plane as shown in FIGURE 4.6. The plane
is then slowly tilted until the cube starts to move from rest. This occurred when
the angle of inclination is 25°. Calculate the static frictional force between the
cube and the rough plane.

22

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014
4.
F =12 N
F =20 N 1
2
o o
30.0
o 55.0
45.0
A

F3=30 N

FIGURE 4.7

Calculate the magnitude and direction of a force that balance the three forces
acted at particle A as shown in FIGURE 4.7

5.
Fm
θ

FIGURE 4.8
A body of mass m is on an inclined plane at an angle of θ with the horizontal.
The body moves up the plane at a constant velocity when a horizontal force, F
acts on it as shown in FIGURE 4.8. What is the friction between the body and
the inclined plane in terms of F, mg and θ?

6.

300
FIGURE 4.9

23

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

A 2.0 kg object is placed on a rough plane inclined at 30° with the horizontal as
shown in FIGURE 4.9. It is released from rest and accelerates at 4.0 m s-2.
Calculate the frictional force acting on the object.

7.

FIGURE 4.10
A 4.0 kg block A on a rough 30° inclined plane is connected to a freely hanging
1.0 kg block B by a massless cable passing over the frictionless pulley as shown
in FIGURE 4.10. When the objects are released from rest, object A slides down
the inclined plane with a friction force of 6.0 N. Calculate;
(a) the acceleration of the objects and
(b) the tension in the cable.

8.

FIGURE 4.11
Blocks A and B of masses 3.5 kg and 2.0 kg respectively are connected with a
light string across a smooth pulley as shown in FIGURE 4.11. At t = 0 s, block
A is pulled by a 30 N force F. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block A
and the table is 0.20. Calculate
(a) the acceleration of both blocks.
(b) the time taken by block B to move upwards by 1.0 m.

24

Physics Unit, KMNS DP014

9.


F AB

FIGURE 4.12

Two blocks, A of mass 10 kg and B of mass 30 kg, are side by side and in
contact with each another. They are pushed along a smooth floor under the
action of a constant force F of magnitude 200 N applied to A as shown in
FIGURE 4.12. Determine

(a) the acceleration of the blocks,
(b) the force exerted by A on B.

10. Three wooden blocks are connected with massless string as shown in FIGURE
4.13.

FIGURE 4.13

Mass A, B and C are 4 kg, 3 kg and 2 kg respectively. A force T1 = 18 N is applied
to pull the system along a smooth surface. Find the acceleration of the system
and the tension in T2 and T3.

ANSWERS:

3. 12.44 N
4. 31.68 N, 2.48o
5. F cos − mg sin

6. 1.81 N (b) 5.12 N
7. (a) 4.69 m s-2 (b) 2.11 s
8. (a) 0.45 m s-2 (b) 150 N
9. (a) 5.0 m s-2
10. 3.0 N

25