301 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.5 : Catwalks & Walkways 5 of 7 FLOOR GRATING TRIM ROOF PANEL FLASHING TRIM (APPLIED AROUND STUB ROOF PANEL FLOWABLE MASTIC BRACKET STUB POST STUB POST STUB POST 900 475 425 VARIES FLASHING CLIP STUB POST BRACKET RAFTER CATWALK WIDTH (VARIES) POST AND BOLTS) ELEVATED WALKWAY JOIST BEAM WALKWAY ELEVATED SECTION-A : CONNECTION AT ELEVATED WALKWAY BEAM M12 x 35 mm LONG ELEVATED WALKWAY CLIP M12 x 35 mm LONG FLOOR GRATING MILD STEEL BOLTS FIN NECKED BOLTS (NEAR AND FAR ROOF PANEL SIDE) JOIST JOIST WALKWAYS ELEVATED UP TO 6000 995 30(TYP) 30 100 (TYP) (STD. LENGTH) (STD. WIDTH) SECTION-B : CONNECTION AT ELEVATED WALKWAY JOIST DETAIL : STD. FLOOR GRATING DIMENSIONS
302 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.5 : Catwalks & Walkways 6 of 7 RIDGE LINE 4 3 2 1 PURLIN ROOF PANEL ROOF PANEL SADDLE CLIP W/ GRATING ROOF PANEL HIGH HAT (1)-SELF DRILLING FASTENER FIX TO HIGH HAT ROOF PANEL GRA TING RIDGE PANEL FASTENER FIX TO LOW HAT (1)-SELF DRILLING SADDLE CLIP W/ HIGH HAT SUPPORT CLIP LOW HAT W/ (8)-SELF DRILLING FASTENERS FIX TO W/ (4)-SELF DRILLING FASTENERS FIX TO SUPPORT CLIP W/ (2)-SELF DRILLING FASTENERS FIX TO ROOF PANEL LOW HAT GRATING ROOF PANEL FIX TO HIGH HAT DRILLING FASTENER W/ (1)-SELF SADDLE CLIP ISOMETRIC : FLUSH WALKWAY
303 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.5 : Catwalks & Walkways 7 of 7 PURLIN ROOF PANEL SELF DRILLING FASTENER SADDLE CLIP SELF DRILLING FASTENER SUPPORT CLIPS GRATING LOW HAT 35 30 60 ROOF PANEL GRATING LOW HAT PURLIN SADDLE CLIP SUPPORT CLIP SELF DRILLING FASTENER SELF DRILLING FASTENERS SECTION 2 SADDLE CLIP GRATING PURLIN ROOF PANEL HIGH HAT FASTENER SELF DRILLING SELF DRILLING FASTENER SECTION-3 GRATING PURLIN HIGH HAT SADDLE CLIP ROOF PANEL HIGH HAT FASTENER SELF DRILLING SELF DRILLING FASTENER 30 95 SECTION-1 SECTION-2 SECTION-3 SECTION-4
304 Zamil Steel’s standard staircase is designed to provide a firm and rigid construction. The stair stringers are detailed in such a way that different stair treads (such as checkered plate, grating or concrete filled treads) can be accommodated or replaced without major modifications. Zamil Steel standard staircase is a double flight staircase with an intermediate or mid-landing. The main structural members are shop assembled to facilitate erection. This leaves only the simple task of connecting the main members of the staircase to the floor framing, attaching the selected type of stair treads and installing Zamil Steel’s standard handrail system. Zamil Steel also offers single flight staircases with the following characteristics: • Single flight staircase with top landing • Single flight staircase without top landing • Single flight staircase with top and mid-landing • Single flight staircase with mid-landing The paint applied to staircases will match the paint specified for the primary member of the structure. CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 1 of 8
305 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 2 of 8 MID-LANDING PLATFORM STRINGER STAIRCASE WIDTH STAIRCASE WIDTH 200 TOTAL STAIRCASE WIDTH MID-LANDING BEAM 300 MID-LANDING POST 1 VARIES BEAM MID-LANDING BEAM MID-LANDING PLATFORM MID-LANDING POST 300 TREAD MEZZANINE UP STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER TREAD LEVEL MID-LANDING ROD BRACING (TYP) LENGTH OF UPPER STAIRCASE LENGTH OF LOWER ST AIRCASE STRINGER FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL MID-LANDING HEIGHT STAIRCASE HEIGHT MID-LANDING WIDTH LANDING POST EXPANSION BOLTS 475 MID-LANDING BEAMS 425 HANDRAIL HANDRAIL MEZZANINE REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB MEZZANINE TREAD EXPANSION BOLTS (TYP.) 2 HANDRAIL STRINGER BEAM HANDRAIL (NS/FS) (NS/FS) (NS/FS) TOE PLATE PLAN : DOUBLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE ELEVATION : DOUBLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE
306 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 3 of 8 STRINGER TREAD (TYP) STRINGER UP LANDING POST 300 300 STAIRCASE WIDTH LANDING BEAM 1 LANDING PLATFORM STAIRCASE LENGTH LANDING BEAM VARIES ROD BRACING STRINGER EXPANSION BOLTS LANDING BEAM EXPANSION BOLTS HANDRAIL FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL 2 TOP LANDING WIDTH STAIRCASE HEIGHT STAIRCASE LENGTH HANDRAIL TREAD (TYP) HANDRAIL TOE PLATE (NS/FS) (NS/FS) ELEVATION : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITH TOP LANDING PLAN : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITH TOP LANDING
307 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 4 of 8 MEZZANINE LEVEL STRINGER TREAD (TYP) STRINGER UP STAIRCASE WIDTH STAIRCASE LENGTH STRINGER EXPANSION BOLTS MEZZANINE STAIRCASE HEIGHT STAIRCASE LENGTH 2 BEAM CONCRETE REINFORCED MEZZANINE HANDRAIL TREAD (TYP) FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL (NS/FS) SLAB PLAN : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITHOUT TOP LANDING ELEVATION : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITHOUT TOP LANDING
308 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 5 of 8 STAIRCASE LENGTH MID-LANDING POST STRINGER 1 TOP LANDING POST STAIRCASE WIDTH VARIES 300 300 TOP LANDING BEAM TREAD (TYP) TOP LANDING PLATFORM STRINGER TOP LANDING BEAM TREAD (TYP) MID-LANDING PLATFORM MID-LANDING BEAM MID-LANDING BEAM STRINGER STRINGER UP ROD BRACING ROD BRACING STAIRCASE LENGTH FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL MID-LANDING BEAMS MID-LANDING POST EXPANSION BOLTS TOP LANDING WIDTH MID-LANDING HEIGHT EXPANSION BOLTS STAIRCASE HEIGHT LANDING POST TOP LANDING BEAMS TOP 2 STRINGER HANDRAIL HANDRAIL TOE PLATE EXPANSION BOLTS MID-LANDING WIDTH TOE PLATE HANDRAIL 262 STRINGER TREAD (TYP) (NS/FS) HANDRAIL (NS/FS) (NS/FS) (NS/FS) HANDRAIL PLAN : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITH TOP AND MID-LANDING ELEVATION : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITH TOP AND MID-LANDING
309 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 6 of 8 MID-LANDING POST STRINGER MEZZANINE STAIRCASE WIDTH LEVEL TREAD (TYP) STRINGER TREAD (TYP) MID-LANDING PLATFORM MID-LANDING BEAM MID-LANDING BEAM STRINGER STAIRCASE LENGTH STRINGER UP ROD BRACING FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL MID-LANDING BEAMS MID-LANDING POST EXPANSION BOLTS MEZZANINE CONCRETE BEAM MID-LANDING HEIGHTSTAIRCASE HEIGHT MEZZANINE REINFORCED 2 STRINGER HANDRAIL HANDRAIL EXPANSION BOLTS MID-LANDING WIDTH STAIRCASE LENGTH TOE PLATE HANDRAIL 262 STRINGER TREAD (TYP) (NS/FS) (NS/FS) (NS/FS) SLAB PLAN : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITH MID-LANDING ONLY ELEVATION : SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE WITH MID-LANDING ONLY
310 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 7 of 8 BOLTED W/ M12 X 35 mm CHECKERED PLATE TREAD MID-LANDING BEAM (2)- M12 X 35 mm LONG LONG FIN NECK BOLTS TO 35 260 25 STRINGER ANGLE LONG FIN NECK BOLTS TO LANDING BEAM AND STRINGER BOLTED W/ M12 X 35 mm CHECKERED PLATE PLATFORM FIN NECK BOLTS STRINGER WELDED TO STRINGER ANGLE STRINGER MID-LANDING BEAM STRINGER BENT PLATE WITH CONCRETE TREAD BOL TED REINFORCED 35 260 25 MID-LANDING EDGE ANGLE (LANDING PLATFORM) CONCRETE SLAB (2)- M12 X 35 mm LON FIN NECK BOLTS W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG FIN ANGLE NECK BOLTS TO STRINGER WELDED T O STRINGER ANGLE STRINGER MID-LANDING STRINGER GRATING PLATE 25 35 260 FIN NECK BOLTS (2)- M12 X 35 mm LON (LANDING PLATFORM) FASTENED W/ GRATING CLIPS TO LANDING BEAM STRINGER ANGLE WELDED TO STRINGER FASTENED W/ GRATING CLIPS TO STRINGER ANGLE GRATING TREAD MID-LANDING BEAM STRINGER 25 (NOSING) 35 260 MILD STEEL BOLTS (2)- M12 X 35 mm LONG LONG FIN NECK BOLTS TO CHECKERED PLATE TREAD STRINGER ANGLE BOLTED W/ M12 X 35 mm PLATFORM BOLTED W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG FIN NECK BOLTS CHECKERED PLATE TO LANDING BEAM AND STRINGER 25 STRINGER ANGLE WELDED TO STRINGER (TYP) MID-LANDING BEAM STRINGER 25 (NOSING) 25 (TYP) 35 260 W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG BENT PLATE WITH CONCRETE TREAD BOL TED (2)- M12 X 35 mm LON MILD STEEL BOLTS CONCRETE SLAB (LANDING PLATFORM) REINFORCED STRINGER ANGLE FIN NECK BOLTS TO MID-LANDING EDGE ANGLE STRINGER ANGLE WELDED T O STRINGER MID-LANDING BEAM STRINGER 25 (NOSING) 25 (TYP) 260 (2)- M12 X 35 mm LON MILD STEEL BOLTS FASTENED W/ GRA TING CLIPS (LANDING PLATFORM) GRA TING PLATE AND STRINGER TO LANDING BEAM 35 STRINGER ANGLE WELDED T O STRINGER STRINGER ANGLE FASTENED W/ GRA TING CLIPS TO GRA TING TREAD STRINGER 25 WELDED PLATE ANGLE MID-LANDING BEAM (TYP) (NOSING) 260 STRINGER 25 LONG FIN NECK CHECKERED PLATE TREAD BOLTS TO STRINGER ANGLE BOLTED W/ M12 x 35 mm AND STRINGER TO LANDING BEAM W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG CHECKERED PLATE PLATFORM BOLTED FIN NECK BOLTS MILD STEEL BOLTS (4)- M12 X 35 mm LONG STRINGER WELDED TO STRINGER ANGLE 262 MID-LANDING (NOSING) 25 (TYP) 25 260 35 STRINGER WELDED PLATE MID-LANDING ANGLE (4)- M12 X 35 mm LONG MILD STEEL BOLTS TO STRINGER ANGLE CONCRETE TREAD BOLTED BENT PLATE WITH W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG FIN NECK BOLTS EDGE ANGLE REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB BEAM STRINGER (LANDING PLATFORM) WELDED TO STRINGER ANGLE STRINGER 262 WELDED PLA TE (TYP) (NOSING) 25 25 260 GRA TING TREAD STRINGER ANGLE MID-LANDING BEAM TO LANDING BEAM AND STRINGER GRA TING CLIPS FASTENED W/ GRA TING PLATE (LANDING PLATFORM) 35 WELDED T O STRINGER ANGLE STRINGER FASTENED W/ GRA TING CLIPS TO STRINGER ANGLE 262 (4)- M12 X 35 mm LONG MILD STEEL BOLTS SECTION : CONNECTION AT MID-LANDING (DOUBLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE) SECTION : CONNECTION AT MID-LANDING (SINGLE FLIGHT STAIRCASE) SECTION : CONNECTION AT MID-LANDING OR TOP LANDING WITH CHECKERED PLATE TREAD WITH CONCRETE TREAD WITH GRATING TREAD WITH CHECKERED PLATE TREAD WITH CONCRETE TREAD WITH GRATING TREAD WITH CHECKERED PLATE TREAD WITH CONCRETE TREAD WITH GRATING TREAD
311 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.6 : Staircases 8 of 8 CL 25 260 M12 X 35 mm CONCRETE SLAB MEZZANINE REINFORCED STEEL BOLTS LONG MILD MEZZANINE BEAM BOLTED W/ M12 X 35 mm CHECKERED PLATE TREAD LONG FIN NECK BOLTS TO STRINGER ANGLE STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER ANGLE WELDED TO EDGE ANGLE M12 X 35 mm LONG MILD STEEL BOLTS STRINGER WITH CONCRETE TREAD BOLTED BOLTS TO STRINGER ANGLE W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG FIN NECK MEZZANINE BENT PLATE 25 CONCRETE SLAB CL REINFORCED MEZZANINE 260 BEA STRINGER ANGLE WELDED TO STRINGER EDGE ANGLE 260 25 CL MEZZANINE M12 X 35 mm LONG CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCED MEZZANINE MILD STEEL BOLTS STRINGER ANGLE GRATING TREAD GRATING CLIPS TO FASTENED W/ STRINGER ANGLE WELDED TO STRINGER STRINGER EDGE ANGLE FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL BOLTS (2)-M12 EXPANSION 25 BOLTS TO STRINGER ANGLE LONG FIN NECK CHECKERED PLA TE TREAD BOLTED W/ M12 X 35 mm 25 260 WELDED T O STRINGER STRINGER ANGLE STRINGER STRINGER BOLTS (2)-M12 EXPANSION FLOOR FINISHED LEVEL BENT PLATE WITH CONCRETE TREAD BOL TED FIN NECK BOLTS TO STRINGER ANGLE W/ M12 X 35 mm LONG 25 260 25 WELDED T O STRINGER STRINGER ANGLE BOLTS (2)-M12 EXPANSION 25 FASTENED W/ LEVEL FINISHED FLOOR GRA TING CLIPS TO 260 GRA TING TREAD STRINGER ANGLE 25 STRINGER STRINGER ANGLE WELDED T O STRINGER LANDING BEAM STRINGER 100 77 77 MILD STEEL BOLTS M12 x 35 mm LONG SPLICE PLATE STAIR STRINGER HANDRAIL MILD STEEL BOLTS M12 x 35 mm LONG SECTION : CONNECTION AT MEZZANINE LEVEL SECTION : CONNECTION AT STRINGER BASE WITH CHECKERED PLATE TREAD WITH CONCRETE TREAD WITH GRATING TREAD WITH CHECKERED PLATE TREAD WITH CONCRETE TREAD WITH GRATING TREAD DETAIL-1 : LANDING BEAM TO STRINGER CONNECTION DETAIL-2 : HANDRAIL TO STRINGER CONNECTION
312 Zamil Steel offers two types of handrails: (1) industrial handrails for platforms, catwalks, walkways and staircases in factories, warehouses, workshops, etc., and (2) office handrails for staircases and mezzanines in office buildings, showrooms, etc. Handrails may be designed as permanently fixed to the substructure (platforms, catwalks, walkways or staircases), or removable. They are shipped either with one coat of primer paint or in galvanized finish depending on the customer requirements. The provision of industrial handrails in platforms, catwalks, walkways and staircases is a safety measure that is highly recommended. The initial cost of handrails is more than justified by the safety that they represent. It is Zamil Steel’s policy to create products that are safe and reliable and to always advise the customers to design their buildings to meet the maximum requirements of prevailing safety standards. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that handrails be specified when ordering platforms, catwalks and staircases. Industrial handrails are fabricated from 48 mm diameter pipes that are used as top rails, and from 40 x 40 x 2 mm thick square tubes that are used for the mid-rail and for the posts of the handrail. Office handrails are fabricated from 38.1 mm or 50.8 mm diameter tubes which are welded to ball connectors. For both types a 100 mm wide x 6 mm thick kicker or toe plate is welded at the base of the handrail posts to complete the whole assembly. The height of the post is 900 mm measured from the top of the flooring to the top face of the top rail. CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.7 : Handrails 1 of 3
313 WELDED TO HANDRAIL PLATE WELDED TO HANDRAIL MEZZANINE JOIST PROFILE "G" CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCED MEZZANINE TOE PLATE VERTICAL MEMBER EDGE ANGLE HANDRAIL TOP MEMBER MILD STEEL BOLTS M12 x 35 mm LONG DECK PANEL CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.7 : Handrails 2 of 3 STRINGER FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL LANDING POST TOE PLATE MID-LANDING BEAM HANDRAIL HANDRAIL MEZZANINE REINFORCED CONCRETE MEZZANINE TREAD (TYP) HANDRAIL STRINGER MEZZANINE JOIST TOE PLATE SLAB 2 WELD (ALL AROUND) TOP MEMBER TOP MEMBER TOP MEMBER WELD (ALL AROUND) 1 (NS/FS) (NS/FS) TOP MEMBER HANDRAIL 425 900 475 425 475 900 VARIES 900 STAIR STRINGER M12 x 35 mm LONG MILD STEEL BOLTS HANDRAIL TOP MEMBER NOTE: HANDRAIL TOP MEMBER IS A 48mm Ø PIPE AND ALL OTHER MEMBERS ARE SQUARE TUBES (40 x 40 x 2mm). ELEVATION : TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL HANDRAILS SECTION-1 SECTION-2
314 STAIR STRINGER M12 x 35 mm LONG MILD STEEL BOLTS HANDRAIL MEMBER BALL CONNECTOR CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.7 : Handrails 3 of 3 STRINGER FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL LANDING POST TOE PLATE MID-LANDING HANDRAIL MEMBER HANDRAIL MENBER MEZZANINE REINFORCED CONCRETE MEZZANINE BEAM TREAD (TYP) HANDRAIL STRINGER MEZZANINE JOIST TOE PLATE SLAB 2 WELD MEMBER HANDRAIL VERTICAL 1 (NS/FS) (NS/FS) HANDRAIL MEMBER BALL CONNECTOR (TYP) BALL CONNECTOR SUPPORT WELDED TO BALL CONNECTORS WELD HANDRAIL MEMBER 900 900 425 475 475 425 900 VARIES NOTE: HANDRAIL MEMBER CAN EITHER BE OF THE FOLLOWING: FOR HEAVY USE = 50.8mm OUTSIDE DIAMETER TUBE FOR LIGHT/MEDIUM USE = 38.1mm OUTSIDE DIAMETER TUBE WELDED TO HANDRAIL PLATE WELDED TO HANDRAIL MEZZANINE JOIST PROFILE "G" CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCED MEZZANINE TOE PLATE VERTICAL MEMBER EDGE ANGLE HANDRAIL MEMBER MILD STEEL BOLTS M12 X 35 mm LONG DECK PANEL BALL CONNECTOR ELEVATION : TYPICAL OFFICE HANDRAILS SECTION-1 SECTION-2
315 Zamil Steel standard ladders are made of vertical members (rails) that are shopfabricated from hot rolled angles, channels or flat bars, and rungs that are made from round bars. Ladders are fixed to the secondary members of the walls and roof by clips and fasteners for easy and quick installation. Ladders are available in two types: plain ladders and caged ladders. • Plain ladders are used when the ladder height is not more than 3 m. • Caged ladders are used when the elevation, to be reached, is more than 3 m. Flat bar rings welded to the ladder rails provide safety as well as strength and rigidity to the ladder. Zamil Steel ladders are supplied in either red oxide or galvanized finish and are shipped in semi knocked-down packages for easy handling and easy assembly at the jobsite. Ladders are convenient and economical tools for accessing roofs. It is highly recommended that a building contains at least one ladder to provide a safe access to the roof for maintenance purposes. CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.8 : Ladders 1 of 3
316 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.8 : Ladders 2 of 3 3 L U Z 40 450 40 HEIGHT OF LADDER 700 (INSIDE) CLIP (TYP) SUPPORT LADDER RUNGS M12 EXPANSION BOLT FLAT BAR (50mm x 5mm) ROOF PANEL LADDER RAIL VARIES EAVE HEIGHT GIRT TO GIRT DISTANCE FIRST GIRT HEIGHT 2000 (TYP) (65mm x 12mm FLAT BAR) (50mm x 5mm) FLAT BAR GIRT EAVE STRUT SUPPORT CLIP (TYP) 2 WALL PANEL FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL 275 150 1100 30 1 LADDER RAIL (65mm x 12mm FLAT BAR) BASE ANGLE GIRT TO GIRT DISTANCE 250 1000 (MAX.) ELEVATION : TYPICAL LADDER ASSEMBLY
317 CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.8 : Ladders 3 of 3 45 45 45 5 R=350 45 350 350 700 450 32.5 LADDER RAIL ROOF PANEL TO EAVE STRUT AND W/ (2)-M12 x 35 mm LONG SUPPORT CLIP BOLTED MILD STEEL BOLTS WELDED TO LADDER RAIL WALL PANEL EAVE STRUT LADDER RAIL CLIP WELDED TO LADDER RAIL J WELD 45 45 45 45 5 47.38 47.38 R=350 225 225 237 237 474 32.5 450 M12 x 35 mm LONG MILD STEEL BOLT LADDER RAIL WELDED TO LADDER LADDER RAIL CLIP RAIL ROOF PANEL EAVE STRUT CLIP W/ SELF DRILLING FASTENER 45 58.22 45 45 45 5 58.22 R=450 225 237 237 225 474 32.5 450 MILD STEEL BOLTS W/ (2)-M12 x 35 mm LON G SUPPORT CLIP BOLTED TO GIRT AND WELDED TO LADDER RAIL LADDER RAIL WALL PANEL GIRT LADDER RAIL LADDER RUNG BASE CLIP 40 250 (MAXIMUM) WELD (INSIDE) WELDED TO LADDER RAIL FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL (ROUND BAR) M12 EXPANSION BOLT SECTION-L SECTION-U SECTION-Z DETAIL–1 SECTION-J DETAIL-2 DETAIL-3
318 Zamil Steel offers galvanized grating plates as a standard option to be used in the floorings of interior and exterior catwalks and roof platforms. They can also be used, in lieu of concrete and checkered plates, for mezzanine floors, stair treads and stair landings. Grating floors are normally used in factories, warehouses, and workshops in which the mezzanines are used for material storage, equipment monitoring, material handling, etc., and where the more common, but costlier, concrete floor finish is not required. The main distinctions that grating has over checkered plates (see section 12.10), both of which can be used interchangeably, are that grating is galvanized, thus making it more suitable for external uses; does not retain water, thus eliminates the need for a drainage system; and does not allow the accumulation of dirt and dust on its surface, thus reduces cleaning requirements. Zamil Steel grating plates are constructed from 30 mm x 3 mm rectangular bearing bars that are traversed with 6 mm twisted square bars that are forge welded at 100 mm pitch to form a 30/100 (i.e., 30 x 100 mm) mesh. The steel of grating conforms to EN10025 Grade S275JR, or equivalent. The standard size of a Zamil Steel supplied grating plate is 995 mm wide x 6000 mm long. CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.9 : Grating 1 of 1 (STANDARD WIDTH) 995 mm 30 (TYP) 100 mm (STANDARD LENGTH) UP TO 6000 mm 30 mm (TYP) (6 mm TWISTED SQ. BAR) TRANSVERSE BAR 3 mm THICK (TYP) RECTANGULAR BEARING BAR (TYP) BEAM/JOIST GRA TING CLAMP (OR CLIP) 995 mm (STANDARD WIDTH) RECTANGULAR BEARING BAR TRANSVERSE BAR (TYP) (TYP) ELEVATION : STANDARD GRATING DIMENSIONS APPLICATION OF GRATING
319 Checkered plates are another option that Zamil Steel offers as a flooring system. Both checkered plates and grating are used for the same applications and in the same areas such as floorings of catwalks, walkways, roof platforms, mezzanines, stair treads, and stair landings. Checkered plates are also used in factories, warehouses, and workshops in which the mezzanines are used for material storage, equipment monitoring, material handling, etc. and where the more common, but costlier, concrete floor finish is not required. Checkered plates are solid non-slippery plates. They are suitable for floors on which a lot of dust and dirt might be accumulated from material handling, material storage, equipment (oil leaks), etc., that should be prevented from dropping (or dripping) underneath. Zamil Steel checkered plates have a tear drop pattern and are made of ASTM A36 black steel, or equivalent. The standard size of a Zamil Steel supplied checkered plate is 2000 mm wide x 6000 mm long x 5 mm (nominal) thick. CHAPTER 12 : FLOOR SYSTEMS Section 12.10 : Checkered Plates 1 of 1 (STANDARD WIDTH) 5 mm THICK (STANDARD LENGTH) 6000 mm 2000 mm FIN NECK BOLT (TYP) M12 X 35 mm LONG BEAM/JOIST 2000 mm (STANDARD WIDTH) CHECKERED PLA TE ELEVATION : STANDARD CHECKERED PLATE DIMENSIONS APPLICATION OF CHECKERED PLATES
320
C H A P T E R 1 3 BUILDING ACCESSORIES
322 13.1 General ........................................................................323 13.2 Personnel Walk Doors..................................................324 13.3 Windows........................................................................328 13.4 Sliding Doors ................................................................330 13.5 Roll-Up Doors ...............................................................336 13.6 Framed Openings .........................................................341 13.7 Ventilators 13.7.1 General ..........................................................345 13.7.2 Gravity Ventilators ........................................349 13.7.3 Power Ventilators ......................................... 355 13.8 Louvers 13.8.1 General ..........................................................358 13.8.2 Fixed Louvers ...............................................360 13.8.3 Adjustable Louvers ......................................363 13.9 Roof Curbs ....................................................................366 13.10 Translucent Panels .......................................................369 13.11 Suspended Ceilings .....................................................372 Building Accessories Building Accessories
323 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.1 : General 1 of 1 A basic Zamil Steel building is comprised of primary rigid frames, secondary structural members (roof, purlins, wall girts, eave struts), bracing systems (diagonal X-bracing or portal frames), post & beam endwalls (corner columns, endwall wind columns & load bearing rafters) and sheeting (roof and wall panels). Building accessories consists of two categories: • Manufactured items (by Zamil Steel) such as sliding doors. • Special buyout items that are manufactured by others according to specifications that are unique to Zamil Steel. Such items include insulation (see chapter 14), personnel walk doors, roll-up doors, windows, louvers, ventilators, etc. Building accessories enable a basic Zamil Steel building to be customized according to functional requirements. This chapter lists the building accessories that are most common to pre-engineered buildings and highlights the interface details for incorporating these accessories in Zamil Steel pre-engineered buildings economically & aesthetically.
324 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.2 : Personnel Walk Doors 1 of 4 Zamil Steel supplies two types of personnel walk doors: single personnel doors and double personnel doors. Single personnel doors are available in one standard size: 915 mm wide x 2135 mm long. Double personnel doors are available in one standard size: 1829 mm wide x 2135 mm long. Doors are designed in accordance with the American National Standard Test Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for physical endurance. Door Frames Door frames are fabricated from 1.5 mm coldformed steel, galvanized according to specification ASTM A525 M (Z-180) classification. The frames are treated with a metal-prepared zinc-chromate wash and painted in a white finish. They are delivered to site in a knocked-down condition. Frame head attachments are field-bolted to the secondary structural members of the building. However, the holes in girts are field located. The door frame base clip is flush welded to the bottom of the frame at the factory and anchored to the concrete slab with 12 mm diameter expansion bolts. Door Leaf Door Leaf Single and double door leaves are flush, 44 mm thick, solid or factory glazed with a 5 mm thick clear tempered side vision glass. The door leaf is reversible for left or right hand swing and may be installed to open from inside or outside. The leaf is fabricated from leather grained embossed cold-rolled steel of 0.9 mm minimum thickness and painted with a white finish. It is stiffened and sound deadened with a honeycomb core or polystyrene. The core is impregnated with water resistant resin and has a crush strength of 0.02 kN/cm2 . Doors have full mortise hinge preparation with 4 mm hinge reinforcement. Each door leaf has three mortise hinges (115 mm x 115 mm) with ball bearings, for moderate use, and a nonremovable stainless steel pin. The finish is dull chrome. The lockset is a key type cylindrical lockset with dull chrome finish. A “Z” shaped astragal is furnished for all double leaf doors and painted with white color. Panic devices, thresholds, weather stripping, and door closers are optional and may be supplied at additional cost.
325 DOOR SWEEP DOOR JAMB ALL AROUND DOOR LEAF AND VINYL RUBBER EXTRUDED ALUMINUM THRESHOLD THRESHOLD SUPPORT (OUT SWING DOOR LEAF POSITION) DETAIL-C JAMB TRIM PANEL W ALL THRESHOLD AND VINYL RUBBER DOOR LEAF EXTRUDED ALUMINUM DOOR JAMB ALL AROUND TRIM JAMB W ALL PANEL SUPPOR T SWEEP THRESHOLD DOOR CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.2 : Personnel Walk Doors 2 of 4 SELF DRILLING JAMB TRIM W/ HEAD TRIM W/ DOOR HEAD DOOR JAMB GIRT W ALL PANEL SELF DRILLING FASTENERS FASTENERS DOOR JAMB DOOR HEAD POP RIVET (EACH SIDE) GIRT JAMB EXTENSION W/ CLIP WELDED ON MILD STEEL BOLTS (2)-M12 x 35 mm LONG (FIELD LOCATE TO GIRT) (FOR TEMPORARY INSTALLATION) SELF DRILLING FASTENER POP RIVET DOOR JAMB W/ (4)-M12 x 35 mm L O MILD STEEL BOLTS GIRT GIRT CLIP WALL PANEL DOOR JAMB BASE MASONRY NAILS ANGLE W/ (NOT BY EXPANSION BOLTS (2)-M12 x 35 mm ZAMIL STEEL) A B D E BASE LEVEL FINISHED FLOOR GIRT HINGE MORTISE WALL PANEL DOOR LEAF C DOOR SWEEP THRESHOLD SUPPORT ANGLE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD ANGLE THRESHOLD SUPPORT DOOR SWEEP C DOOR LEAF WALL PANEL MORTISE HINGE GIRT FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL BASE E D B A PERSONNEL DOOR AT SINGLE SKIN WALL PANEL ELEVATION : SINGLE PERSONNEL DOOR ELEVATION : DOUBLE PERSONNEL DOOR DETAIL-A DETAIL-B DETAIL-C DETAIL-C DETAIL-D DETAIL-E
326 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.2 : Personnel Walk Doors 3 of 4 DOOR JAMB DOOR HEAD (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) BLOCKW ALL (NOT BY ZAMIL STEE L LINTEL BEAM LI NTEL BEAM (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) DOOR HEAD DOOR JAMB POP RI VET ( EACH SI DE) JAMB EXTENSI ON W/ CLI P WELDED ON (2)-M12 EXPANSION BOLTS (FIELD LOCATE TO LINTEL BEAM ) (2)-M1/2 EXPANSION BOLTS DOOR JAMB BLOCKWALL (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL THRESHOLD (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) BLOCKWALL DOOR JAMB THRESHOLD DOOR SWEEP VINYL RUBBER ALL AROUND EXTRUDED ALUMINUM AND DOOR LEAF (IN SWING) SUPPORT DOOR SWEEP THRESHOLD SUPPORT (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) BLOCKWALL DOOR JAMB EXTRUDED ALUMINUM AND VINYL RUBBER ALL AROUND THRESHOLD DOOR LEAF (OUT SWING) THRESHOLD SUPPORT DOOR DOOR LEAF A HINGE MORTISE B LEVEL THRESHOLD (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) BLOCKWALL SWEEP FINISHED FLOOR C D FINISHED D C FLOOR SWEEP BLOCKWALL (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) THRESHOLD LEVEL B MORTISE HINGE A DOOR LEAF DOOR THRESHOLD SUPPORT PERSONNEL DOOR AT BLOCK WALL ELEVATION : SINGLE PERSONNEL DOOR ELEVATION : DOUBLE PERSONNEL DOOR DETAIL-A DETAIL-B DETAIL-D DETAIL-C DETAIL-C (IN SWING DOOR LEAF POSITION) (OUT SWING DOOR LEAF POSITION)
327 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.2 : Personnel Walk Doors 4 of 4 MEMBERS FRAME DOOR LOCK KEY SIDE KEY SIDE LOCK MEMBERS DOOR FRAME MEMBERS FRAME DOOR PANIC DEVICE KEY SIDE PANIC DEVICE KEY SIDE PANIC DEVICE MEMBERS DOOR FRAME SINGLE SOLID DOOR WITH CYLINDER LOCK (SIDE VISION DOORS ALSO AVAILABLE) DOUBLE SIDE VISION DOOR WITH CYLINDER LOCK (SOLID DOORS ALSO AVAILABLE) SINGLE SIDE VISION DOOR WITH PANIC DEVICE (SOLID DOORS ALSO AVAILABLE) DOUBLE SOLID DOOR WITH PANIC DEVICE (SIDE VISION DOORS ALSO AVAILABLE)
328 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.3 : Windows 1 of 2 Zamil Steel aluminum windows are designed specifically for Zamil Steel pre-engineered buildings. Windows are two-leafed horizontal halfslide type made from aluminum. The aluminum extrusions serve as flashing for the head, jambs and sill sections. They are completely assembled, factory glazed, with a single leaf insect screen and shipped ready for installation. Aluminum extrusions used for the main frame, mullion sections and sash sections are tempered aluminum alloy equivalent to alloy type 6063 T6 of ASTM B221. The main frame and mullion of the window have a nominal wall thickness not less than 1.3 mm. Fasteners, washers and nuts, used in the window fabrication, are made of material that is non corrosive to aluminum, compatible, and sufficient to perform the fastening functions for which they are intended. Standard window glazing consists of a single 4 mm thick clear glass. Sliding sash has full weather strips. The glazing bead is made of extruded neoprene or vinyl and provides a weathertight seal. The frames of the screen are sufficiently rigid to lay flat against the window without causing excessive bending in the frame members or sag in the screen. Screen and screen spline are made of aluminum or a material compatible with aluminum. The surface finish of all aluminum extrusions and aluminum assemblies is a naturally anodized coating with a minimum thickness of 15 microns. Standard window sizes are: • 1000 mm wide x 1000 mm high • 1500 mm wide x 1000 mm high
329 SLIDE FIXED 14 WINDOW HEIGHT WINDOW WIDTH FRAMED OPENING WIDTH 14 A B BIRD SCREEN CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.3 : Windows 2 of 2 14 WINDOW WIDTH ALUMINUM JAMB 14 WALL PANEL WINDOW FRAME CLOSURE JAMB TRIM 14 WINDO W FRAME FLOW ABLE W ALL PANEL 14 WINDO W WIDTH TEMPCON MASTIC 1.5 7.5 1000 (TYP) WINDOW HEIGHT PLATE WALL PANEL 1009 FRAMED OPENING HEIGHT 1150 ACCESSORY GIRT GIRT SILL TRIM 1009 FRAMED OPENING HEIGHT 1000 (TYP) WINDOW HEIGHT 7.5 PLATE 1150 GIRT 1.5 DRIP TRIM TEMPCON PANEL ACCESSORY GIRT DETAIL : WINDOW AT SINGLE SKIN WALL PANEL AND AT TEMPCON WALL PANEL SECTION-A : AT JAMBS (FOR SINGLE SKIN PANEL) ELEVATION : FRONT VIEW OF WINDOW SECTION-A : AT JAMBS (FOR TEMPCON PANEL) SECTION-B : AT HEAD & SILL (FOR TEMPCON PANEL) SECTION-B : AT HEAD & SILL (FOR SINGLE SKIN PANEL)
330 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.4 : Sliding Doors 1 of 6 Zamil Steel supplies both single sliding doors and double sliding doors. Standard single sliding doors slide horizontally in one direction whereas the leaves of double sliding doors slide in opposite directions. The framing of the door is made from galvanized cold-formed channels having a yield strength of 34.5 kN/cm2 and a minimum thickness of 2.0 mm. It is delivered knocked-down for field assembly. The door leaves are sheeted with 0.5 mm pre-painted Zincalume panels normally matching the color of the wall panels. The interior liner (optional) of the sliding door shall be made from 0.5 mm Profile “C” panel matching the color of the interior wall liner. Zamil Steel double sliding doors are designed for quick assembly and ease of operation and are in three types: • Type T1 (Top hanging support with projecting bottom guide). • Type T2 (Top hanging support with grooved bottom guide) • Type B1 (Top guide with bottom roller support) Type T1 double sliding doors are suspended from a 1.5 mm thick galvanized steel trolley rail that is attached to a built-up door header and guided at the bottom by a projecting guide. The trolley truck has 4 wheels whose axles are mounted on hardened steel roller bearings and a one-piece galvanized steel casting truck body. Type T2 double sliding doors are identical to type T1 double sliding doors except for the bottom guide, which is grooved and embedded in the concrete ramp. A plate connected to the bottom member of the door leaf slides through the groove, thereby, guiding the horizontal movement of the door. Type B1 double sliding doors are guided by a top guide that runs on a top track which is connected to a cold-formed header. The bottom of the door leaves is supported by rollers, which travel along a roller guide that is embedded in the concrete ramp. Zamil Steel manufactures the three types of double sliding doors in any combination of width and length up to a maximum size of 6000 mm x 6000 mm. Field assembly and installation of double sliding doors is made in accordance with the erection drawings and instructions issued by Zamil Steel.
331 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.4 : Sliding Doors 2 of 6 EXTERIOR WALL PANEL HOOD TRIM CONCRETE RAMP DOOR LEAF (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) SLIDE DIRECTION STEEL LINE SIDEW ALL STEEL LINE ENDW ALL ZAMIL ELEVATION : SINGLE SLIDING DOOR ISOMETRIC : SINGLE SLIDING DOOR AT FULLY SHEETED WALLS
332 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.4 : Sliding Doors 3 of 6 EXTERIOR WALL PANEL HOOD TRIM CONCRETE RAMP DOOR LEAVES (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) SLIDE DIRECTION SLIDE DIRECTION STEEL LINE SIDEWALL STEEL LINE ENDWALL ZAMIL ELEVATION : DOUBLE SLIDING DOOR ISOMETRIC : DOUBLE SLIDING DOOR AT FULLY SHEETED WALLS
333 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.4 : Sliding Doors 4 of 6 40 BASE CLIP FRAMED OPENING EXPANSION BOLTS (NOTCH) STEEL LINE 40 60 DOOR GUIDE 10 SIDEW ALL OR ENDW ALL DOOR J AMB FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL DOOR GUIDE FRAMED OPENING BASE CLIP DOOR J AMB STEEL LINE EXPANSION BOLTS FINISHED FLOOR 60 10 RAMP LINE SIDEW ALL OR ENDW ALL LEVEL HALF DOOR WIDTH HALF DOOR WIDTH SIDEW ALL OR ENDW ALL N M DOOR GUIDE RAMP DO WN STEEL LINE BASE ANGLE DOOR LEAF FRAME OPENING JAMB EXPANSION BOLTS DOOR WIDTH CL HALF DOOR WIDTH HALF DOOR WIDTH + 65 + 65 (TYP) 200 DETAILS : TYPE ‘T1’ SLIDING DOOR FRAMED OPENING BASE CLIP VERTICAL STILE DOOR PANEL CLOSURE ANGLE JAMB REINFORCEMENT DOOR GUIDE CLIP TROLLEY RAIL TROLLEY TRUCK SELF DRILLING FASTENER DOOR MEMBER GIRT DOOR JAMB CLIP WALL PANEL HOOD TRIM HEADER (TOP) EXPANSION BOLT DOOR HEIGHT SECTION : DOOR AND FRAMED OPENING PLAN : ANCHOR BOLT SETTING SECTION-M SECTION-N
334 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.4 : Sliding Doors 5 of 6 CLIP 40 (NOTCH) STEEL LINE SIDEWALL OR ENDWALL 10 60 (NOTCH) 40 BASE CLIP FRAMED OPENING EXPANSION BOLTS DOOR JAMB DOOR GUIDE FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL CLIP DOOR GUIDE60 10 LINE FRAMED OPENING DOOR JAMB STEEL LINE EXPANSION BOLTS BASE CLIP RAMP SIDEWALL OR ENDWALL FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL M EXPANSION BOLTS FRAME OPENING JAMB HALF DOOR WIDTH HALF DOOR WIDTH N BASE ANGLE HALF DOOR WIDTH HALF DOOR WIDTH STEEL LINE DOOR LEAF DOOR GUIDE SIDEWALL OR ENDWALL CL DOOR WIDTH RAMP DOWN + 65 + 65 (TYP) 200 BASE CLIP FRAMED OPENING EXPANSION BOLT (TOP) HEADER HOOD TRIM WALL PANEL CLIP DOOR JAMB GIRT DOOR MEMBER FASTENER SELF DRILLING TROLLEY TRUCK TROLLEY RAIL CLIP CLIP DOOR GUIDE JAMB REINFORCEMENT CLOSURE ANGLE DOOR PANEL VERTICAL STILE DOOR HEIGHT DETAILS : TYPE ‘T2’ SLIDING DOOR SECTION : DOOR AND FRAMED OPENING PLAN : ANCHOR BOLT SETTING SECTION–M SECTION–N
335 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.4 : Sliding Doors 6 of 6 DOOR GUIDE DOOR JAMB EXPANSION BOLTS FRAMED OPENING (NOTCH) 40 BASE CLIP 60 53 60 SIDEWALL OR ENDWALL STEEL LINE FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL FINISHED FLOOR SIDEWALL OR ENDWALL DOOR GUIDE RAM 60 53 BASE CLIP EXPANSION BOLTS STEEL LINE DOOR JAMB FRAMED OPENING LINE 60 LEVEL CLIP VERTICAL STILE DOOR PANEL BOTTOM ROLLER CLOSURE ANGLE JAMB REINFORCEMENT DOOR GUIDE CLIP CLIP TOP GUIDE TOP TRACK SELF DRILLING FASTENER DOOR MEMBER PLATE GIRT DOOR JAMB CLIP WALL PANEL HOOD TRIM HEADER (TOP) EXPANSION BOLT DOOR HEIGHT N 40 CL STEEL LINE (TYP) DOOR GUIDE EXPANSION BOLTS FRAMED OPENING JAMB M HALF DOOR WIDTH HALF DOOR WIDTH HALF DOOR WIDTH DOOR WIDTH RAMP DOWN DOOR LEAF (NOTCH) + 65 + 65 HALF DOOR WIDTH BASE ANGLE DETAILS : TYPE ‘B1’ SLIDING DOOR SECTION : DOOR AND FRAMED OPENING PLAN : ANCHOR BOLT SETTING SECTION–M SECTION–N
336 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.5 : Roll-Up Doors 1 of 5 Zamil Steel supplies two types of roll-up doors: manually operated roll-up doors and electrically operated roll-up doors. Zamil Steel roll-up doors are designed to be attractive, long lasting and easy to operate. Doors are supplied complete with guides, axles, springs, curtains and weather stripping (for the sides and bottom) and are manufactured and assembled by Zamil Aluminum Industries (Dammam) under an agreement with Trevor Doors of Australia. Each manually operated roll-up door unit is chainoperated manually. Electrically operated roll-up doors are supplied with additional chain equipment to work manually in case of a power failure. A Trevor roll-up door comprises of a curtain formed from the individual interlocking of steel slats that are made of cold-formed steel. The curtain runs in vertical channel guides and coils around a drum at the top of the opening and is designed to accommodate pressures from wind speeds of up to 160 km/h for the maximum shutter width of 5 meters. Curtain widths exceeding 5 meters require windlocking to maintain the strength for the prescribed wind loadings. The roll-up door curtain is constructed of interlocking curved profile slats. The width of the individual slat is 75 mm and the thickness of the material is 1.0 mm. The slats are cold roll formed using a zinc/aluminium coated alloy. The alloy coating comprises 55% aluminium, 43.5% zinc and 1.5% silicon that provides strong corrosion resistant qualities. The profile of the Trevor 75 mm slat allows for an extremely smooth and quiet roll. The design of the interlocking curls are so arranged that rain and dust on the weather face of the shutter does not enter the hinged joint, thus providing a self-draining weatherresisting shield. The slats are pre-painted using a silicon modified polyester coating. This coating is applied during the production of the steel coil prior to the roll forming of the slat. This process allows a consistent high quality finish to the product. The curtain slats are secured in position using nylon clips on alternate slats. These curtain clips prevent the slats from moving sideways thereby preventing the curtain from jamming. The design of the clips also serve to reduce noise caused from the slats rubbing on the guide channels. The bottom rail is manufactured from a specially designed extruded aluminium section. The design incorporates a bottom rail weather seal housing.
337 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.5 : Roll-Up Doors 2 of 5 The drum bracket is made of 8 mm thick mild steel and is bent to form a 76 mm perpendicular foot. These brackets support the drum and curtain assembly. They are attached to the inside wall of the building, providing drive gear ends to suit the type and arrangement of the roller shutter. All brackets are factory prime painted with a zinc chromate coating to provide corrosion protection. The curtain of the roll-up door is supported by a robust steel drum tube. The drum has a wall thickness of 3.2 mm and a diameter of 165.4 mm. The drum is uniquely designed to give a high factor of operating safety and minimum deflection. The drum accommodates the springs, shaft, collars and bearings. The springs are designed to counter balance the weight of the shutter assembly. The guide sections of the roll-up doors are produced from 2.5 mm thick mild steel strips that are hot dip galvanized then cold-formed into channel sections. After forming, the channel sections have a width of 100 mm. The top of both guide channels are flared outwards and the flanges welded for the ease of curtain entry into the channels. Roll-up doors are secured with pad bolts. Motor operated Trevor roll-up doors are operated from the right hand end. An electric motor and the gearbox units are fitted to all roll-up doors. Standard voltages for these units are either 220 volt single phase or 380 volt three phase. Motor units are supplied complete with contactor boxes but do not include wiring. Motor operated roll-up doors may be secured with pad bolts. Standard Zamil Steel roll-up doors sizes are listed below: Width (mm) Height (mm) 3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 Other custom sizes can be made to fit the requirements of the customer.
338 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.5 : Roll-Up Doors 3 of 5 WALL PANEL JAMB TRIM) TRIM TO OUT OF RIBS TO EXTEND (SLIT PANEL THRU HEAD TRIM CL CLOSURE INSIDE FOAM GIRT OPENING FRAMED DOOR WIDTH E D C HEADER JAMB FRAMED OPENING FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL BASE ANGLE 700(MIN.) DOOR HEIGHT G GIRTS F B A(MIN.) (MIN.) CLIP HEAD TRIM WALL PANEL GIRT 600 500 (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) DRUM BRACKET (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) DRUM TUBE LOCATED UNDER THE HEADER (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) OPTIONAL BRUSH (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS DRUM BRACKET CURTAIN FRAMED OPENING JAMB JAMB TRIM 280 280 WALL PANEL DOOR WIDTH (3)-M16 x 50 mm LONG (MIN. CLEARANCE) (MIN. CLEARANCE) (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) DRUM TUBE HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS (3)-M16 x 50 mm LONG ELEVATION : ROLL-UP DOOR PLAN : ROLL-UP DOOR SECTION-G NOTE: SEE PAGE 5 0F 5 OF THIS SECTION FOR DRAWING DETAILS. ROLL-UP DOOR (MANUAL) AT FULLY SHEETED WALLS
339 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.5 : Roll-Up Doors 4 of 5 LOCATED UNDER THE HEADER (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) HAND CHAIN (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) ELECTRIC MOTOR OPTIONAL BRUSH DRUM TUBE (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) DRUM BRACKET (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) 700 600 GIRT WALL PANEL HEAD TRIM CLIP (MIN.) (MIN.) ELECTRIC MOTOR (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) WALL PANEL CURTAIN HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS FRAMED OPENING JAMB JAMB TRIM DOOR WIDTH HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS 500 DRUM TUBE 280 (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) DRUM BRACKET (MIN. CLEARANCE) (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) (MIN. CLEARANCE) WALL PANEL JAMB TRIM) TRIM TO OUT OF RIBS TO EXTEND (SLIT PANEL THRU HEAD TRIM CL CLOSURE INSIDE FOAM GIRT OPENING FRAMED DOOR WIDTH E D C HEADER JAMB FRAMED OPENING FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL BASE ANGLE 700(MIN.) DOOR HEIGHT H GIRTS F B A ELEVATION : ROLL-UP DOOR PLAN : ROLL-UP DOOR SECTION-H ROLL-UP DOOR (ELECTRIC) AT FULLY SHEETED WALLS NOTE: SEE PAGE 5 0F 5 OF THIS SECTION FOR DRAWING DETAILS.
340 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.5 : Roll-Up Doors 5 of 5 (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) OPTIONAL BRUSH SELF DRILLING FASTENER WALL PANEL HEAD TRIM INSIDE FOAM CLOSURE SELF DRILLING FASTENERS FRAMED OPENING HEADER (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) CURTAIN CURTAIN GUIDE WALL PANEL JAMB TRIM SELF DRILLING FASTENERS FRAMED OPENING JAMB GIRT 318 30 86 172 30 275 215 60 275 FRAMED OPENING JAMB FRAMED OPENING HEADER CLIP 18mm x 42mm SLOT (TYP) CLIP FRAMED OPENING GIRT GIRT CLIP FRAMED OPENING JAMB BASE ANGLE FRAMED OPENING JAMB FLOOR LEVEL FINISHED BASE CLIP ALUMINUM SLAT (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) NEOPRENE CLOSURE (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) (NOT BY ZAMIL STEEL) FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL SECTION-A SECTION-B DETAIL-C DETAIL-D DETAIL-E DETAIL-F
341 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.6 : Framed Openings 1 of 4 Framed openings are provided in walls and roofs to accommodate special accessories that are not made or supplied by Zamil Steel. The framing details described in this section are for standard framed openings. For complex conditions requiring special framing, the highly trained and experienced staff of Zamil Steel Engineering Department can design and develop the right framed openings you need. Framed Openings in Roofs Framed openings in the roof are designed to support lightweight equipment such as fans, air conditioning package units, special gravity or power ventilators and other roof accessories which should not or could not be mounted directly on the roof framing or the roof panels. Framed Openings in Walls Framed openings in the walls are commonly used to accommodate special doors, windows, louvers, exhaust fans, etc.
342 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.6 : Framed Openings 2 of 4 INSIDE FOAM CLOSURE F.O. TRIM (FIELD CUT AS REQ’D) WALL PANEL F.O. HEADER FASTENER SELF DRILLIN G SELF DRILLING FASTENER WALL PANEL F.O. JAMB F.O. JAMB TRIM STEEL LINE SIDEWALL I STEEL LINE ENDWALL II ZAMI L STEEL F.O. HEADER F.O. CLIP CLIP F.O. JAMB GIRT 200mm MIN F.O. HEADER F.O. FLASHING TRIM CL F.O. JAM B F.O. TRIM CL GIRT A B C GIRT WALL PANEL E D F.O. SILL F.O. WIDTH F.O. HEIGHT GIRT F.O. JAMB CLIP F.O. CLIP F.O. SILL 200mm MIN INSIDE FOAM W/ POP RIVETS CLOSURE WALL PANEL F.O. FLASHING TRIM SELF DRILLING FASTENER SILL F.O. SECTION-A SECTION-B SECTION-C ISOMETRIC : FRAMED OPENING IN WALL DETAIL-D DETAIL-I DETAIL-E ELEVATION : FRAMED OPENING IN WALL BETWEEN GIRTS
343 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.6 : Framed Openings 3 of 4 CL GIRT WALL PANEL BASE ANGLE FLOOR LEVEL F.O. HEADER F.O. JAMB F.O. TRIM B A FINISHED D F WIDTH HEIGHT FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL BASE CLIP F.O. JAMB BASE ANGLE EXPANSION BOLT F.O. HEADER F.O. JAMB BASE ANGLE WALL PANEL F.O. TRIM FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL F B A G D CL GIRT WIDTH HEIGHT F.O. JAMB GIRT F.O. CLIP DETAIL-II : FRAMED OPENING IN WALL FROM FLOOR LINE TO FIRST GIRT LEVEL DETAIL-F DETAIL-G DETAIL-II : FRAMED OPENING IN WALL FROM FLOOR LINE TO ANY HEIGHT
344 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.6 : Framed Openings 4 of 4 NOTE: IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CUSTOMER TO PROVIDE FLASHING FOR ROOF PANELS IN ORDER TO PREVENT DRAINAGE LEAKS, AS ZAMIL STEEL HAS NO INFORMATION ON THE CONNECTION DETAILS OF THE EQUIPMENT ON TOP OF THE FRAMED OPENING IN THE ROOF. INSIDE FOAM CLOSURE F.O. TRIM (FIELD CUT AS REQ’D) ROOF PANEL F.O. HEADER FASTENER SELF DRILLING ROOF LINE SELF DRILLING FASTENER ROOF PANEL F.O. F.O. JAMB TRIM SPACER TRIM INSIDE FOAM CLOSURE ROOF PANEL F.O. FLASHING TRIM SELF DRILLING FASTENER F.O. HEADER ROOF LINE SIDEW STEEL LINE ALL ENDWALL STEEL LINE FO ZAMI L STEEL F.O. HEADER F.O. CLIP CLIP F.O. JAMB PURLIN 200mm MIN F.O. WIDTH F.O. HEADER F.O. FLASHING TRIM N CL F.O. JAM B F.O. TRIM CL PURLIN H J K PURLIN ROOF PANEL M LENGTH O CLOSURE INSIDE FOAM F.O. TRIM FLOWABLE MASTIC AT SLITTED EDGES ON THE PANEL SURFACE BENDED FLAT SLITTED END F.O. JAMB CLIP F.O. CLIP F.O. HEADER 200mm MIN SECTION-K SECTION-J SECTION-H ISOMETRIC : FRAMED OPENING IN ROOF DETAIL-M DETAIL-FO DETAIL-N ELEVATION : FRAMED OPENING IN ROOF BETWEEN PURLINS DETAIL-O
345 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.7 : Ventilators 1 of 13 The primary purpose of ventilation is the control of the interior environment of the building by the removal/reduction of: • Heat buildup thus providing comfort for workers, preserving goods and enabling equipment to function properly. • Gaseous by-products (the result of some manufacturing processes) thus providing a healthier atmosphere for workers. • Flammable fumes thus minimizing fire hazards (ventilation is also important after a fire has started at which time it helps in removing the fumes and smoke), and improving visibility for escapees and fire fighters. Ventilation must not be confused with air conditioning. Ventilation, whether natural or forced, does not have heat reduction characteristics. If a cooler temperature is desired ventilation alone will not suffice and air conditioning must be considered. Ventilation equipment comes in two categories: Inlet equipment and outlet equipment. Either one can be natural or forced (power). The planning and correct distribution of ventilation equipment has a major role in the overall efficiency of the ventilation system. Ventilation efficiency is also affected by the location of equipment, partitions and doors inside a building. A detailed study of ventilation must be made at the planning stage of the building. For complex buildings, determining ventilation requirements may require vast calculations and computer modeling. Much simpler procedures normally suffice for typical pre-engineered buildings. There are two simple and practical methods for determining ventilation requirements: • The Air Change Method, which is based on a recommended rate of air changes per hour for different building usages when ventilator capacity is given. • The Heat Removal Method, which calculates the volume of air required to remove the heat gain inside a building. These methods are good tools to approximate the ventilation requirements of the building. More detailed and accurate ventilation plans should be sought by contracting ventilation specialists directly. 13.7.1 General (Page 1 of 4) 13.7.1 General (Page 1 of 4)
346 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.7 : Ventilators 2 of 13 Ventilation Design Using Air Change Method QV = V x N where, R x 3600 QV = Quantity of ventilators. R = Exhaust capacity (m3 /s). V = Building volume (m3 ). N = Air change per hour. In Table 1 below, enter the stack height, which is the average of the eave height and the ridge (peak) height. Enter the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building. Read the equivalent required total exhaust capacity in m3 /s. The number of recommended air changes per hour is obtained from Table 2. Finally, apply the aforementioned equation to determine the number of required ventilators. For efficient functioning of the ventilation system the free inlet area (permanent openings plus the effective area of the louvers) must be greater than 150% of the ventilation area. Stack Temperature R = Exhaust Capacity (m3 /s) Height Difference (m) (½C) ZRV 300 ZRV 600 3 5 0.779 1.559 6 5 0.916 1.832 10 1.109 2.218 5 1.021 2.041 9 10 1.257 2.514 15 1.438 2.876 12 10 1.382 2.763 15 1.591 3.182 15 10 1.492 2.983 15 1.726 3.452 N = Recommended Type of Building Air Changes Per Hour From To 5 10 10 15 15 20 Warehouses, factories, dining rooms, machine shops, engine rooms, textile mills, wood working shops Boiler rooms, paint shops, garages, schools Buildings with fumes, kitchens, paper mills, textile mills, dye houses 13.7.1 General (Page 2 of 4) 13.7.1 General (Page 2 of 4) Table 1 Table 2
347 Calculate the ventilation rate required (VRreq'd): VRreq'd = H where, SH x D x T SH = Specific heat capacity of air = 1.005 D = Density of air = 1.206 kg/m3 T = Temperature difference (use ½C difference per meter of stack height). Determine the quantity of ventilators needed, Quantity of ventilators = VRreq’d where, R R = Exhaust capacity in m3 /s of all ventilators (see page 2 of 13 of this section) Calculate the total area of gravity ventilators: Total ventilator area = VRreq’d [0.03 x stack height x T] 1/2 For special ventilators, the supplier's catalogue must be consulted. CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.7 : Ventilators 3 of 13 Ventilation Design Using Heat Removal entilation Design Using Heat Removal Method Calculate the total heat gain (H) in the building: H=Hs + Hl + Hi where, Hl = Heat gain from lighting Hi = Heat gain from internal equipment, people, etc. Hs = Solar Heat Gain Hs = A x I x a x e where, A = Roof Area I = Actual Solar Radiation striking the roof surface (= 0.945 kW/m2 for Saudi Arabia) a = Solar radiation factor of the sheets (= 0.40 for Zamil Steel standard roof sheeting) e = Proportion of "a" transmitted into the building. This factor is dependent on the "U" value of insulation = 0.093 for a building with insulation = 1.000 for a building without insulation 13.7.1 General (Page 3 of 4) 13.7.1 General (Page 3 of 4)
348 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.7 : Ventilators 4 of 13 Example of Ventilation Design using the Air entilation Design using the Air Change Method A Clear Span (CS) building that is used as a factory requires ventilation using gravity ridge ventilators. The building is 140 m long and 36 m wide. The eave height is 9 m. The roof has a 0.5/10 slope. • Stack height = 9.45 m • R (for ZRV 300) = 1.276 m3 /s R (for ZRV 600) = 2.551 m3 /s • N = 8 • V = 140 x 96 x 9.45 = 47,628 m3 • Qv = 47628 x 10 = 82.95 1.276 x 3600 • Qmax = 140 – 1 = 46.33 3 • Qmax = 46 ventilators < Qv = 83 • Qv = 47628 x 10 = 41.49 2.551 x 3600 • Use 42 gravity ridge ventilators (ZRV 600) for the building. The average of the eave height and the ridge height. Exhaust capacity (R), at 9.45 m stack height, is determined by interpolation from the table on page 2 of 13 of this section. The recommended number of air changes per hour (N) for factories is 5 to 10 times. Volume of building. Quantity of ZRV 300 ventilators required. Need 83 (ZRV 300) ridge ventilators. The maximum number of ridge ventilators (Qmax) that the building can accommodate. Qmax = Building length (m) – 1 Ventilator length (m) ZRV 300 cannot be used. Try ZRV 600 Quantity of ZRV 600 ventilators required. Qv < Qmax = 46 The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building is not expected to exceed 10½C. Determine the number and size of gravity ventilators that are needed. 13.7.1 General (Page 4 of 4) General (Page 4 of 4)
349 Specifications for Gravity Ridge Ventilators Type ZRV 300 ZRV 600 Main Parts Wind bands, top plate, throat flashing, end flashing, (all 0.5 mm pre-painted galvanized steel) Structure Wind band (cold-formed plain sheet) Wind band (cold-formed Profile ‘C’ panel) with brace plates (0.5 mm pre-painted) with framing*, that consist of coldand throat gussets (1.3 mm galvanized) formed channels and hot rolled angles Length 3000 mm Installation At ridge, continuous units or single units Throat 300 mm 600 mm Throat Area 0.9 m2 1.8 m2 Throat Opening Fixed Damper Option available Option not available Bird Screen 1.06 mm galvanized 2.3 mm galvanized 12 mm x 12 mm mesh 16 mm x 16 mm mesh Finish Frost White color, but also available in other Zamil Steel standard colors upon request * For ZRV 600 ridge ventilators, three ventilator frames shall be used as support. Ventilator frames are shot-blast cleaned to SA 2-1/2 and given one coat of shop applied Colturiet Sealer. Each frame shall consist of a cold-rolled channel that is attached between the ridge purlins and a welded framework made of hot rolled angles that are field bolted to the channel. CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.7 : Ventilators 5 of 13 Zamil Steel ridge ventilators will provide natural air circulation in any Zamil Steel building. Ridge ventilators for Zamil Steel pre-engineered buildings shall be ZRV 300 or ZRV 600 and can be installed as continuous or single units. They are 3000 mm long units with fixed throat openings for gravity air flow. Ridge ventilators are designed for mounting to the building ridge using gravity flow to exhaust heat, fumes, and smoke at rapid rates and regulate free air within the building. Adequate air inflow must be provided to ensure proper ventilation. 13.7.2 Gravity Ventilators (Page 1 of 6) entilators (Page 1 of 6)
350 CHAPTER 13 : BUILDING ACCESSORIES Section 13.7 : Ventilators 6 of 13 STEEL LINE SIDEWALL ZAMIL STEEL LIN E ENDWALL SIDEW ALL STEEL LINE ZAMIL ENDWALL STEEL LIN E ISOMETRIC : SINGLE RIDGE VENTILATOR INSTALLATION ISOMETRIC : CONTINUOUS RIDGE VENTILATOR INSTALLATION 13.7.2 Gravity Ventilators (Page 2 of 6) entilators (Page 2 of 6)