Matthew Jacobs (Class of 2022) - Blue Science Portfolio

21. Two physics professors challenge each other to a 100. m race across the football field.
The loser will grade the winner's physics labs for one month. Dr. Rice runs the race in
10.40 s. Dr. De La Paz runs the first 25.0 m with an average speed of 10.0 m/s, the next
50.0 m with an average speed of 9.50 m/s, and the last 25.0 m with an average speed of
11.1 m/s. Who gets stuck grading physics labs for the next month?

Time for Dr De La Paz to run 100m=25m/10m/s+50m/9.5m/s+25m/11.1m/s=2.5s+5.3s+2.3s=10.1s
Time for Dr Rice to run 100m=10.4s
Dr Rice lost and will be grading physics lab for the next month.
Velocity Project 2018
Due: Wednesday night February 21,2018

1. Define the following terms and include pictures if possible:

Motion Speed Position
Motion is the action and or Speed is the rate at which A place were an object or
process of moving or being an objective or thing can thing can be located or
moved. travel. found.

Distance Acceleration Terminal Velocity
An amount of space Act of gaining or picking up The constant speed that an
between to objects or speed. object or thing reaches
things. when freely falling.

Time Initial Velocity Displacement
Time is the progress of Initial velocity is the
both existence and events velocity of an object and
in both the past present thing before acceleration.
and future and is how we
measure age and
existence.

Velocity Final Velocity Key Metric units

2. What is the difference between Speed and Velocity? Explain using an example
in your own words.
Velocity is a vector quantity; it is direction-aware.
Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance.

3. Pick 2 cities (minimum 500 miles apart) in the United States or world and
construct a data table and graph showing the amount of hours that it would take
to travel between the 2 cities with the following modes of transportation:

A. Fastest Runner
Time = distance/velocity
Time= ​2764 mi / 27.8 mph
Time= 99.4 hrs

B. Model T Ford
Time = distance/velocity
Time= ​2764 mi / 45 mph
Time= 61.4 hrs

C. Hindenburg
Time = distance/velocity
Time= ​2764 mi / 84 mph
Time= 32.9 hrs

D. Tesla top speed
Time = distance/velocity
Time= 2​ 764 mi / 155 mph
Time= 17.8 hrs

E. Fastest train
Time = distance/velocity
Time= 2764​ mi / 267 mph
Time= 10.4 hrs

F. F35 Fighter Jet
Time = distance/velocity
Time = 2764 mi / 1,200 mph
Time = 2.3 hrs

*Provide a map showing your cities
*Show Detailed Math Steps

4. What would you like to see in this city when you arrive? What tourist
attraction? What restaurant would you like to visit in this city? Provide pictures
What is the basic history of this city?

Seattle, WA

● I would like to see the Space Needle.

● I would go on a Museum of Flight tour.

Scranton, PA

●
●
● I would go to the Posh to eat.
● The history goes back to the Scranton brothers built a forge that later

became the nucleus of the Lackawanna Iron and Steel Company.

5. Determine and graph an 18% increase in Velocity for each vehicle - Show how
the Times would be affected by the increase in speed. Show a double bar graph
with the 2 different times for each vehicle.
*Include pictures and brief description of each mode of transportation

6. Use a math calculation to show how long it would take the F 35 Fighter Jet to
get to

A. Sun - 92,600,000/ 1200 mph
T= D/V
T= 9.26 x 10​7​ miles/ 1.2 x 103​
T= 7.72 x 104​ ​ = 77,200.0 hrs/24 hrs= 3216 days

B. Saturn - 746,000,000/1200 mph
T= D/V
T= 7.46 x 108​ /​ 1.2 mph x 10​3
T= 6.22 x 10​5 =​ 622,000 hrs /24 hrs = 25,916 days

C. Neptune - 2,700,000,000/1200 mph
T= D/V
T= 27. x 109​ ​/1.2 x 10​3
T= 22.5 x 10​6​= 22,500,000 hrs

(Use scientific notation)

Acceleration Worksheet. Name:

_________________________ Date: ______________

14.2 Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change in the speed of an object. To determine the rate of acceleration,
you use the formula below. The units for acceleration are meters per second per second or m/s2.

A positive value for acceleration shows speeding up, and negative value for acceleration shows
slowing down. Slowing down is also called d​ eceleration​.

The acceleration formula can be rearranged to solve for other variables such as final speed (​v​2)
and time (t​ )​ .

EXAMPLES

1. A skater increases her velocity from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 3.0 seconds. What is the skater’s
acceleration?

Looking for Solution
Acceleration of the skater

The acceleration of the skater is 2.7 meters per
second per second.

Given
Beginning speed = 2.0 m/s
Final speed = 10.0 m/s
Change in time = 3 seconds

Relationship

2. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If its original speed is 8.0 m/s, how many seconds will it

take the car to reach a final speed of 25.0 m/s? Solution
Looking for
The time to reach the final speed. `
The time for the car to reach its final speed is 5.7
Given seconds.
Beginning speed = 8.0 m/s; Final speed = 25.0 m/s
Acceleration = 3.0 m/s2
Relationship

1. While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds. What is the
automobile’s acceleration? (Remember that a negative value indicates a slowing down or
deceleration.)

A = (V2 - V1)/T2

A = (15 m/s - 24 m/s)/12 Sec.

A = -9 m/s/12 sec.

A = -.75 m/s

2. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s to 45 m/s in
a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?

A = (V2 - V1)/ T2

A = (45 m/s - 85 m/s)/ 4.5 sec.

A = -40 m/s/ 4.5 sec.

A = -8.89 m/s

3. The table below includes data for a ball rolling down a hill. Fill in the missing data values in the
table and determine the acceleration of the rolling ball.

Time (seconds) Speed (km/h)

0 (start) 0 (start)

23
46
69
8 12
10 15

A = (V2 - V1)/ T2
A = (0 m/s/-15m/s)/ 10 sec.
A = -15 m/s/ 10 sec.
A = -1.5
4. A car traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s encounters an emergency and comes to a complete stop.
How much time will it take for the car to stop if it decelerates at -4.0 m/s2?
T = (V2 - V1)/ -4.0 m/s2​
T = (0m/s - 30.0m/s)/ -4.0m/s2​
T = -30.0m/s/ -4.0 m/s​2
T = 7.5 sec.
5. If a car can go from 0 to 60 mi/hr in 8.0 seconds, what would be its final speed after 5.0 seconds
if its starting speed were 50 mi/hr?
A = (V2 - V1)/T2
A = (60m/s - 0m/s)/ 8.0 sec.
A = 60m/s/ 8.0 sec.
A = 7.5m/s2​

V2 = V1 (A * T)
V2 = 50 m/s (7.5 m/s * 5.0 sec)
V2 = 50 mi/hr( 37.5m/s)
V2 = 87.5 m/s
6. A cart rolling down an incline for 5.0 seconds has an acceleration of 4.0 m/s2. If the cart has a

beginning speed of 2.0 m/s, what is its final speed?
V2 = V1 (A * T)
V2 = 2 (4 * 5)
V2 = 40 m/s

7. A helicopter’s speed increases from 25 m/s to 60 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the acceleration of
this helicopter?
A = (V2 - V1)/T2
A = (60 - 25)/ 5
A = 35/5
A = 7 m/s2​

QUIZ: Motion

Name:​ ________________________ Date:
___________

Formulas:

A= v2 −v1 V2 = V1 + (a * T) T= V2−V1
T2 a

1. After traveling for 14.0 seconds, a bicyclist reaches a speed of 89 m/s. What is the runner’s
acceleration?

A= v2 −v1
T2
89 m/s − 0m/s
A= 14 sec.

A = 6.4 m/s​2

2. A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 18.0 m/s2​ .​ What is its final speed at the end of
5.0 seconds?

V2 = V1 + (a * T)
V2 = 0 m/s + (18.0 m/s2​ ​ * 5 sec.)
V2 = 0m/s + 90 m/s
V2 = 90 m/s

3. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 16.0 m/s2​ .​ How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed of
49 m/s?

T= V2−V1
a
49 m/s − 0 m/s
T= 16.0 m/s 2

T = 3.1 sec.

3. During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This allowed
earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine its distance.
The reflected laser beam was observed 4.6 seconds after the laser pulse was sent. The speed of
light is 3.0 × 108​ ​ m/s. What was the distance between the astronomers and the moon?

D=TxV

D = 3.0 sec. X 108​ ​ m/s

D = 300,000,000 m

Directions:​ Choose 4 or 5

4. It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French class
for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other by hurrying
down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of 65.0 m, at a
speed of 5.2 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers its 32.0 m length
at an average speed of 1.46 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and Suzette sprints its 60.0 m
length at a speed of 7.3 m/s.

a. Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being late again?

Suzette does make to class on time with 17.4 seconds to spare.

First Hallway
V2−V1
T= a

T= 65.0 m/s − 0 m/s
5.2 m/s2

T = 12.5 sec.

Second Hallway
V2−V1
T= a

T= 32.0 m/s − 0 m/s
1.46 m/s2

T = 21.9 sec.

Final Hallway
V2−V1
T= a

T= 60.0 m/s − 0 m/s
7.3 m/s2

T = 8.2 sec.

Total Time = 42.6 sec.

5. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The tortoise
crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.35 m/s while the rabbit runs the first 200.0
m at 1.85 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.200 hr and awakens to finish the last
800.0 m with an average speed of 4.2 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?

6. What is the Acceleration of the Cart on the Ramp? Determine the Angle of the Ramp (A).

Angle Chart: ​https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Which Angle had the greatest Acceleration? Write a Conclusion based on your findings. Create
a Graph if you have time.

Height of Dist. 1 Time 1 Velocity Dist. 2 Time 2 Velocity
Ramp 1 2 Acceleration

(Opposite)

50 m 100 m 10 sec. 10 m/s 100 m 5 sec. 20 m/s 2 m/s​2

100 m 100 m 5 sec. 20 m/s 100 m 2 sec. 50 m/s 15 m/s2​

Graph:

Conclusion: ​In conclusion, angle 2 had the greatest acceleration. This is because the opp. was
100m and the hyp. was 200m long that when you divide 100m/200m you get .5, and because of
this the angle is 30​o.​ Also the acceleration was 15 m/s​2.​

EXTRA CREDIT:
Light from another star in the galaxy reaches the earth in 46 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 ×
108​ ​ m/s. In ​kilometers,​ how far is the earth from the star?
Answer must be in scientific notation

Potential Energy Project
Due: Friday 3/17

Define and make note cards or QUIZLET for the following words:

Energy Joules Chemical Potential Law of Conservation
Energy of Energy

Kinetic Energy Kilojoules Elastic Potential Gravity
Energy

Potential Energy Gravitational Mechanical Energy
Potential Energy

Resource: h​ ttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: ​You, African Elephant, Chevy Camaro (research the masses)
*2.2 lbs = 1 kg

Data Table:

Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE

Videos: ​http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:
Star Wars Planet #1 - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity
Star Wars Planet #2 - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
Star Wars Planet #3 - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity

*Use the height of your favorite Roller Coaster. You will use this to figure out the
Velocity at the bottom of the hill on the Star Wars Planets.

Calculations:
Choose 3 planets from the Star Wars Universe and use 3 different

Examples:

A. Star Wars Planet #1

B. Star Wars Planet #2:

C. Star Wars Planet #3:

Data Table:

Mars mass (kg) gravity ? H1 = your coaster GPE
15 Teacup pigs 204 kg 3.711 m/s²
59 m mnfh
1

Mars mass (kg) gravity H2 = your coaster GPE
1

Mars mass (kg) gravity H1 = your coaster GPE
1

Use the formula: GPE = mass * acceleration due to gravity (Earth is 9.8 m/s2) * height of object

Graph:

X - axis: Planet
Y -axis: Potential Energy

Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy?
2. Why did the GPE change on the other planets?
3. Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data.
4. How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
5. How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example
6. What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy
transformations along the way. Use a diagram.

Worksheet 1:
http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice_2.html
Worksheet 2:​ ​http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF

*We will use our information to see how a roller coaster would be different on those planets.

FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics

Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.

Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

Use either:

GPE​top​ = KEb​ ottom

QUIZ REVIEW 2:​ GPE/KE

Scenario:​ You are an engineer for a major engineering firm that will design the lift motor and
safety restraints for the next roller coaster on the planet Hoth in Star Wars. Hoth has a gravity
equal to 37% greater than Earth’s. The Star Wars Theme Park needs to provide you with the
velocity of the roller coaster on this planet to help you with your design. Your roller coaster will
be called the Millenium Falcon and will have a height of 125 m. Your roller coaster will “The
Falcon” will have a mass of 7000 kg. You will need to compare the needs for safety on Earth to
the needs on Hoth. Explain your reasoning for the changes on Hoth.

Hoth:​

Directions:​ Provide a data table showing the comparisons between the Millenium Falcon Roller
Coaster on Earth and Hoth. Describe the types of restraints that you would need on the faster
coaster.

Calculations:

Earth Hoth

GPE = mgh GPE = mgh
GPE = 7000 kg * 9.8 m/s​2​ * 125m GPE = 7000 kg * 13.4 m/s2 * 125m
GPE = 8,575,000 J GPE = 11,725,000 J

KE = .5mv2​ KE = .5mv2​
8,575,000 = .5(7000)v2​ 11,725,000 = .5(7000)v​2
2,450 = v​2 3350 = v​2
V = 49.5 V = 57.9

Data Table: Velocity
Planet 49.5
Earth 57.9
Hoth

Graph:

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the planet with the highest velocity is Hoth with a velocity of 57.9 V. This is
because of the higher gravity that Hoth has. The type of restraints that would be needed
are over the head seat belts because of who fast you would be going at the bottom on the

coaster. But it be a lot safer if the roller coaster was on earth because the velocity is
lower there and you only need the seat belts that lock across your lap.

Extra Problems:

1. The Millenium Falcon Roller Coaster has a mass of 3200 kg on Planet Tatooine.
The height of the roller coaster is 15 m which results in a Potential Energy of
800,000 J. What is the gravity on Planet Tatooine?

GPE = mgh
800,000 = 3200 kg * g * 15 m
800,000 = 48,000 g
G = 16.7 m/s2​
The gravity on tatooine is 16.7 m/s​2

2. The Tie Fighter Roller Coaster has a height of 150 m. on Planet Hoth. Hoth has a
gravity of 5.2 m/s​2.​ This roller coaster has a Potential Energy of 600,000 J. What is the
mass of the Tie Fighter?

GPE = mgh
600,000 = m * 5.2ms2​ ​ * 150 m
600,000 = 780 m
M = 769.2 m
The mass of the Tie Fighter is 780 m





​QUIZ: Inclinined Plane
QUIZ: ​Wednesday and Thursday

Directions: ​Analyze the Inclined Plane Data Table that is shared on
Classroom and determine which machine has the greatest Actual
Mechanical Advantage (AMA).

Problem Statement:
How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the Mechanical
Advantage? Is there a machine that is impossible? Explain using
data.

Hypothesis: (​ Use proper form!)

If an angle of an inclined plane affects the Mechanical Advantage, t​hen is the​ re a
machine that is impossible?

Diagrams of Inclined Planes:​ (Use DRAWING - Label Diagrams)

Angle Chart: ​https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Calculations ​(Examples):

IMA = Din/Dout AMA = Fin/Fout Efficiency = Win/Wout x
IMA = 300/70 AMA = 12/4 100
IMA = 4.3 AMA = 3 Efficiency = 840/1200
Efficiency = 70
IMA = Din/Dout AMA = Fin/Fout
IMA = 100/70 AMA = 12/8 Efficiency = Win/Wout x
IMA = 1.4 AMA = 1.5 100
Efficiency = 840/800
Efficiency = 105

Data Table: ​(Located on Google Classroom)

Trial IMA AMA Efficiency

Angle = 13.5 4.3 3 70
Angle = 44.4 1.4 1.5 105

Graph:​ ​(Angle and Mechanical Advantage)

Conclusion:
Option #1 Write a Conclusion.
***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible
and why?
In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment was to find the IMA, AMA,
Efficiency, and Angle of an inclined plane. If an angle of an inclined plane
affects the Mechanical Advantage, then is there a machine that is
impossible? The angle of the first trial was 13.5o​ ​ and the mechanical
advantage was 4.3. This machine is possible only because the efficiency
was below 100%. The third trial had an angle of 44.4o​ ​ and the mechanical
advantage was 1.5, and this machine is impossible because the efficiency
was above 100% at a whopping 105% efficiency. In Newton’s First Law of
Motion it state’s, “An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion

stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless

acted upon by an unbalanced force.” This first law is explaining that an

object won't change its motion, speed, or direction, without an unbalanced

force. This relates to the inclined because the object on the inclined plane

won't change its direction, speed, or motion without that unbalanced force

changing it. Example when the roller coaster hits the end of the track it

starts to slow down because you have to get off the ride and you can't get

off if you don't stop.

1. Discuss purpose
2. Restate hypothesis - angle and mechanical advantage
3. Data to support hypothesis
4. Is there a machine that is impossible? Explain using research on

the Law of Conservation of Energy (Support with research - Use
Explore Tool research - INLINE CITATIONS )1
5. Use this source to explain the relationship of this machine to
Newton’s First Law of Motion.

Thermal (Heat) Energy Project
Chapter 6 (pg. 156-180)
DUE: Friday May 16th

1. Vocabulary - Define and make note cards or quizlet
https://quizlet.com/291029509/heat-project-quizlet-flash-cards/

Conduction- Heat- Insulator- Calorie-
Convection- Temperature- Turbine-
Second Law of
Radiation- Heat Engine- Thermodynamics- Generator-
Conductor-
First Law of Specific Heat-
Thermodynamics-
Kinetic Energy-

1

2. Provide a diagram showing molecular motion in Solids, Liquids, and gases.
*How are they different?

When the molecules are solid they don't move, when they are a liquid then move
at a medium rate, but when they are a gas they move faster and farther.
3. Discuss the energy needed to change a 15 gram ice cube into steam. Use a
graph and one calculation from our unit on Phase Changes.
Heat = m * H
Heat = 15g * 80 cal/g
Heat = 12 calories

Heat = m * change in temperature * SH
Heat = 15g * 100C * 1 cal/gC
Heat = 1500 calories

Heat = m * Hv​
Heat = 15g * 540 cal/g
Heat = 8100 calories

Total = 10,800 calories
Scientific Notation: 1.08 * 104​
4. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature? Provide a definition,
picture and video link to help you review.
The hotter an object is, the faster the motion of the molecules inside it. Thus, the
heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object.
Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the average heat or thermal
energy of the molecules in a substance.

5. Construct a graph showing the average monthly temperatures in Hartford, CT.,
a city on the equator and a city in the Southern Hemisphere.

Questions:
1. What do you notice about the temperatures?

I noticed that the temperatures change through the four seasons. Spring,
Summer, Autumn, and Winter.

2. How is heat transferred throughout the Earth?
Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and the atmosphere via
conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the process by which heat
energy is transmitted through contact with neighboring molecules.
6. How is Steam used to create electricity in Power Plants?
Electricity is produced at a an electric power plant. Some fuel source, such as
coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear energy produces heat. The heat is used to boil
water to create steam. The steam under high pressure is used to spin a turbine.
A. Coal Plant
B. Natural Gas Plant
C. Nuclear Plant
D. Where did Fossil Fuels originate?
Where Fossil Fuels Come From. There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal,
oil and natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds of millions of years ago
before the time of the dinosaurs - hence the name fossil fuels. The age they were
formed is called the Carboniferous Period.
E. What is the difference between Renewable and NonRenewable forms of energy?
Nonrenewable energy resources, like coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas, are
available in limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them
to be replenished. Renewable resources are replenished naturally and over
relatively short periods of time.

Part II - Water, Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil
1. Conduct an experiment to determine the Heat Gained by 20 g of each substance

2. You must measure the mass of Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil.
3. Research the Specific Heats of Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil in Calories/g C not in
Joules.
4. Make a data table

Time in Minutes Temperature in C Temperature in C Temperature in C (Salt
(Water) (Vinegar) Water)

0 23 25 29

0.5 31 32 35

1 39.5 46 43

1.5 52 58 52

2 62 68 60

2.5 72 78 69

3 80 87 76

3.5 87 94 84

4 94 96 90

4.5 98 c 95

5 99 98 96

5. Construct a 3 Line graph for 2 minutes of data collection - 1 pt every 10 seconds

6. Write a conclusion about your results.

In conclusion, the water heated faster and the salt water heated slower. As time
passes by in each beaker the molecules will start moving away from each other
and will be moving fast. The substance that showed the greatest temperature was
the water with 99 degrees celsius and salt water with 96 degrees celsius. Water is
agreat substance to put in a car engine because its high heat capacity and low
cost makes it a suitable heat-transfer medium. It is usually used with additives,
like corrosion inhibitors and antifreeze.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. What happens to the molecules in each of the beakers as heat is added?
2. Which substance showed the greatest temperature change? Least? Use data
3. Which substance does research say should show the greatest temperature increase?
Least? Why? How does this relate to Specific Heat?
4. How does Average Kinetic Energy relate to this experiment?
5. Why is water a great substance to put into a car engine radiator?
Practice Calculation
1. How much heat was gained by a 50 g sample of Orange Juice that increased its
temperature from 35 C to 75 C?
40 calories were gained.
2. How much heat was gained by a 350 g sample of Vegetable oil that increased its
temperature from 24 C to 95 C?
71 calories were gained.
Lopez Lab
Water (32 - 23) Oil (39-23)
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Energy/SpecificHeat.htm
Use this to help solve problems

6. Lab Experiment:
*Conduct an experiment that tests 3 different cups for their ability to insulate.
A. Conduct experiment
B. Create Data Table - Include Specific Heat

C. Write short conclusion paragraph that relates your data to research about the
effectiveness of the 3 materials to provide insulation.

Critical Thinking - Choose 2 out of 3 to research
Provide pictures
1. How did NASA protect the astronauts in their space suits from the harmful radiation
from space?

A spacesuit protects astronauts from those extreme temperatures. Spacesuits
also supply astronauts with oxygen to breathe while they are in the vacuum of
space. They contain water to drink during spacewalks. They protect astronauts
from being injured from impacts of small bits of space dust.
2. How is your home insulated? Research the “R” value system for insulation.
An insulating material’s resistance to conductive heat flow is measured or rated
in terms of its thermal resistance or R-value -- the higher the R-value, the greater
the insulating effectiveness. The R-value depends on the type of insulation, its
thickness, and its density. The R-value of some insulations also depends on
temperature, aging, and moisture accumulation. When calculating the R-value of
a multilayered installation, add the R-values of the individual layers.
3. How does the atmosphere act as an insulator?
One reason is that the earth's atmosphere acts as an insulating layer that
protects the earth's surface from the intense light and heat of the sun. The
atmosphere protects us from UV and other short wavelength light that would
otherwise do a lot of damage to the DNA of living organisms.

7. Lab Experiment: April 28-30
Name Matt Jacobs
Class S7
Teacher Lopez
Date 5/7/18

Investigation Title:

I. Investigation Design
A. Problem Statement:

What metals would heat a cup of water faster?

B. Hypothesis: (Hint: Something about comparing metals to water - use increase or decrease)

If the aluminum absorbs the most heat then it make the cup of water hotter than all of the
other metals.

C. Independent Variable: x
Levels of IV
*What metals did you use?

Copper Aluminum Zinc

D. Dependent Variable:y
Specific Heat

Copper: 0.103/Aluminum: 0.196/Zinc: 0.0958

E. Constants:

Water Cups Same temperature to heat up
the metals

F. Control:
*What substance makes good control in many labs?

Copper

G. Materials: (List with numbers)
1. Glass Beaker
2. Water
3. Copper
4. Aluminum
5. Zinc
6. Hot plate
7. Thermometer
8. Coffee cup

H. Procedures: (List with numbers and details)
1. Gather materials
2. Measure mass of metal on triple beam balance to nearest tenth of gram and record.
3. Fill Calorimeter Cup (Foam coffee cup) with exactly 100 grams of water.
4. Record temperature of water in calorimeter cup to nearest tenth of degree Celsius
5. Fill glass beaker halfway with hot water and submerge metal in beaker.
6. Leave metal in hot water until the temperature stops rising.
7. Record the hot water temperature after temperature stops rising. - M​ etal Initial Temp​.
8. Use tool to remove metal from hot water and carefully place into calorimeter cup and
close lid with thermometer placed in spout.
9. Record Final Temperature for Metal and Water after the water temperature stops rising.
10. Perform the calculations using the examples discussed class - Record Specific Heat for
the metal.

A. Heat Gained Water = mass of water * Change in temp of water * Specific Heat of Water

B. Heat Lost Metal = Mass of metal * Change in Temp of Metal * Specific Heat of Metal

II. Data Collection
A. Qualitative Observations: (Describe the metals using characteristics)

B. Quantitative Observations: (Key data)
1. Data Table

Object Mass Mass Δ Temp Δ Temp Heat Gain Heat Lost SH
Example Metal Water H20 Metal H20 Metal Metal
Cooper
Aluminum 65 100 27-21 = 6 75-27 = 48 600 Use
Cooper 600 notes
Aluminum 28.4 180
Cooper 24.3-22.
Aluminum
100 5 86-24.3 180 0.103

19.6 100 25.5-22 97.8-25.5

24.8-23. 76.8-24.8

28.6 100 1=1.7 =52 170 170 0.11

77.9-25.5

19.5 100 25.5-22= =

25-22.5=

28.4 100 2.5 78.1-25=

19.6 100 26-24=2 78-26= 200 200 0.196

Aluminum 19.6 100 250 250 0.256

Zinc 29.3 100 140 140 0.0958

2. Graph - Metal and Specific Heat
*Compare your results to Periodic Table (Think about this graph)

3. Calculations - Show examples of how you solved for specific heat (2 or 3 examples)

III. Data Analysis/Conclusions
In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment was to see what metals would heat a cup of
water faster. My hypothesis was correct, that if the aluminum absorbs the most heat then
it will make the cup of water warmer than all of the other metals in the cup. During the
experiment the zinc took longer to cunduct warmth because the metal is denser and
takes longer to heat and the specific heat that we found for the zinc was 0.0958. And for
aluminum the specific heat was 0.196 and 0.256.

Purpose
Hypothesis correct?
Data to support your hypothesis

IV. Research
1. How does Specific Heat relate to a real life application?
Specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by
one degree Celsius. Water’s specific heat is 1. A real life example of specific heat: water
takes more time to heat up and cool down. In engines, to keep them from over heating
people use engine coolant to keep the engine cool and not over heated. Utensils used for
making tea,coffee, or cooking vegetables are made of materials of low specific heat. They
are polished at the bottom so they get heated quicker.
(Land/Sea Breezes, Cooking, Mercury in Thermometers?, Water in engines, think of others…)

2. Include 2 sources for evidence

1. https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-specific-heat
2. https://brainly.in/question/40990

8. SPECIFIC HEAT WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET LINK​ - Use this worksheet and show your work

Use this website for examples
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Energy/SpecificHeat.htm

9. TEST REVIEW

What metals would heat a cup of water faster?

B. Hypothesis: (Hint: Something about comparing metals to water - use increase or decrease)

If the aluminum absorbs the most heat then it make the cup of water hotter than all of the
other metals.

C. Independent Variable: x
Levels of IV
*What metals did you use?

Copper Aluminum Zinc

D. Dependent Variable:y
Specific Heat

Copper: 0.103/Aluminum: 0.196/Zinc: 0.0958

E. Constants:

Water Cups Same temperature to heat up
the metals

F. Control:
*What substance makes good control in many labs?

Copper

G. Materials: (List with numbers)
1. Glass Beaker
2. Water
3. Copper
4. Aluminum
5. Zinc
6. Hot plate
7. Thermometer
8. Coffee cup

H. Procedures: (List with numbers and details)
1. Gather materials
2. Measure mass of metal on triple beam balance to nearest tenth of gram and record.
3. Fill Calorimeter Cup (Foam coffee cup) with exactly 100 grams of water.
4. Record temperature of water in calorimeter cup to nearest tenth of degree Celsius
5. Fill glass beaker halfway with hot water and submerge metal in beaker.
6. Leave metal in hot water until the temperature stops rising.
7. Record the hot water temperature after temperature stops rising. - M​ etal Initial Temp​.
8. Use tool to remove metal from hot water and carefully place into calorimeter cup and
close lid with thermometer placed in spout.
9. Record Final Temperature for Metal and Water after the water temperature stops rising.
10. Perform the calculations using the examples discussed class - Record Specific Heat for
the metal.

A. Heat Gained Water = mass of water * Change in temp of water * Specific Heat of Water

B. Heat Lost Metal = Mass of metal * Change in Temp of Metal * Specific Heat of Metal

II. Data Collection
A. Qualitative Observations: (Describe the metals using characteristics)

B. Quantitative Observations: (Key data)
1. Data Table

Object Mass Mass Δ Temp Δ Temp Heat Gain Heat Lost SH
Metal Water H20 Metal H20 Metal Metal

Example 65 100 27-21 = 6 75-27 = 48 600 Use
Cooper 28.4 600 notes
Aluminum 24.3-22. 180
Cooper 170 180 0.103
Aluminum 100 5 86-24.3
Cooper 200
Aluminum 19.6 100 25.5-22 97.8-25.5

24.8-23. 76.8-24.8

28.6 100 1=1.7 =52 170 0.11

77.9-25.5

19.5 100 25.5-22= =

25-22.5=

28.4 100 2.5 78.1-25=

19.6 100 26-24=2 78-26= 200 0.196

Aluminum 19.6 100 250 250 0.256

Zinc 29.3 100 140 140 0.0958

2. Graph - Metal and Specific Heat
*Compare your results to Periodic Table (Think about this graph)

3. Calculations - Show examples of how you solved for specific heat (2 or 3 examples)

III. Data Analysis/Conclusions
In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment was to see what metals would heat a cup of
water faster. My hypothesis was correct, that if the aluminum absorbs the most heat then
it will make the cup of water warmer than all of the other metals in the cup. During the
experiment the zinc took longer to cunduct warmth because the metal is denser and
takes longer to heat and the specific heat that we found for the zinc was 0.0958. And for
aluminum the specific heat was 0.196 and 0.256.

Purpose
Hypothesis correct?
Data to support your hypothesis

IV. Research
1. How does Specific Heat relate to a real life application?
Specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by
one degree Celsius. Water’s specific heat is 1. A real life example of specific heat: water
takes more time to heat up and cool down. In engines, to keep them from over heating
people use engine coolant to keep the engine cool and not over heated. Utensils used for
making tea,coffee, or cooking vegetables are made of materials of low specific heat. They
are polished at the bottom so they get heated quicker.
(Land/Sea Breezes, Cooking, Mercury in Thermometers?, Water in engines, think of others…)

2. Include 2 sources for evidence

1. https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-specific-heat
2. https://brainly.in/question/40990