AG (Disease, agronomy, insect ,pest,eco) combined PDF

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

@=! g]kfnsf k|d'v vfBfGg,gub],t/sf/L Pjd\ kmnkm"n afnLdf nfUg] k|dv' /fu] x?sf] g]kfnL tyf j}1flgs gfd

!= vfBfGg afnLdf -Cereals_ nfUg] /fu] x¿sf] sf/s tTj

-s_ wfg -Rice_

s=| ;= Gfk] fnL gfd cu+ ]l| h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_

name_

!= d?jf /fu] Rice Blast Pyricularia oryzae 9;' L -Fungus_
9;' L -Fungus_
@= v/} f] yf]Kn] /fu] Brown Leaf Spot Cochliobolus
9';L -Fungus_
miyabeanus
9;' L -Fungus_
#= Kfftsf] km]b 88j' f Sheath blight Rhizoctonia Solani Zffsfg' -
/f]u AofS6]l/of _
k/lhlj h'sf
$= km]b sl' xg] /fu] Foot Rot Gibberella Fujikuroi
ch}ljs sf/0f
%= Kfftsf] yfK] n] Bacterial Leaf Xanthomonas oryzae

Blight pv .oryzae

^= ;t] f] 6'Kk] /f]u White Tip Aphelenchoides

besseyi

&= wfgsf] v}/f] /fu] Khaira Diesease Zinc tTjsf] sld

of Rice

-v_ ds} -Maize_ c+ul|] h gfd-English sf/s tTj -Etiology_
s=| ;= Gf]kfnL gfd
name_
!= WjfF;] yK] n] /f]u
Gray Leaf Spot of Cercospora 9;' L -Fungus_
@= lzt] 9;' L /fu]
Maize maydis÷Cerospora
#= sfnf] kfs] ] /fu]
$= 3f]uf s'lxg] /fu] zeina

%= ds}sf] 8f7F s'lxg] Downey Mildew Sclerospora 9';L -Fungus_
/fu]
sacchari
^= Kfftdf nfUg] 89j' f
/f]u Head Smut Ustilago reiliana 9';L -Fungus_

Ear Rot Fusarium 9;' L -Fungus_

graminearum

Stalk Rot Stenocarpella Zffsfg' -
maydis Bacteria_

Leaf blight Exserohilum 9';L -Fungus_

turcicum

-u_ uxF' -Wheat_ cu+ l|] h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_
s=| ;= Gf]kfnL gfd name_

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

!= 89j' f /f]u Blight Alternaria triticina 9;' L -Fungus_
@= sfnf] l;Gb/' ]
Black/ Stem Rust) Puccinia graminis 9';L -Fungus_

tritici

#= v/} f] l;Gb'/] jf kft l;Gb/' ] Brown / Leaf Puccinia triticina 9;' L -Fungus_
/f]u Rust)

$= kxn] f] l;b+ '/] /f]u Yellow rust/stripe Puccinia 9;' L -Fungus_

%= v/fg] /f]u rust of wheat striiformis
Powdery Mildew) Erysiphe graminis 9';L -Fungus_

^= sfnf] kfs] ] /f]u Loose Smut tritici 9;' L -Fungus_
Ustilago tritici
&= uGxfpg] sfnf] kf]s] Stinking smut Tilletia caries 9;' L -Fungus_
Anguina tritici k/lhlj hs' f
*= Po/ ssn / df]Nof Ear Cockle &
/f]u Molya

@= ufne8+] f,efG6f,v;' fl{ gdf nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] sf/s tTj

s|=; Gf]kfnL gfd c+ul|] h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_
= name_

!= 8fF7 s'lxg] /fu] Bacterial Stem Rot Erwinia carotovora Zffsfg-'

carotovora Bacteria_

@= 6fd] f6f] df]HofOs Tomato musaic Tomato Mosaic ljiff0f' -Virus_
efO/; Virus

#= kft 3l' d|g] efO/; Leaf Curl Tomato Yellow Leaf ljiff0f' -Virus_

Curl Virus

$= :k68] cf]Onfpg] Spotted Wilt Spotted Wilt Virus ljiff0f' -Virus_
efO/;

%= kmnsf] 6K' kf] sl' xg] Blossom End Rot cToflws Nitrogen sf] dfqf chl} js sf/0f
/f]u k|of]u ug{n] / Sofnl;odsf]

sldn]

^= la/fn] d'v] :j¿k Cat Face Tffksd| sf] sld ePdf ch}ljs sf/0f
xg' ] /f]u

&= 89'jf Blight Phytophthora 9;' L -Fungus_

infestans

*= cf]On{ fpg] /fu] Wilt Verticillium Zffsfg-'
sp.,Fusarium sp. Bacteria _

(= sfq] ] /f]u Anthracnose Colletotrichum sp. 9';L -Fungus_

#= cfn' -Potato_ df nfUg] /fu] x¿sf] sf/s tTj

s=| ;= Gfk] fnL gfd cu+ l]| h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

name_

!= k5f}6] 89j' f /fu] Late Blight Phytophthora 9';L -Fungus_

infestans

@= sfnf] v]i6] /fu] Black Scurf Rhizoctonia solani 9;' L -Fungus_

#= cfn'sf] Ph} ]? Wart Synchytrium 9;' L -Fungus_

endobioticum

$= cfO] nfpg] /fu] Bacterial Wilt Ralstonia Zffsfg' -
salanacearum Bacteria_

%= kft bfl] a|g] efO/; Leaf Roll Potato Leaf Roll ljiff0f' -Virus_

Virus

^= s8f df]hfOs Servere Mosaic PVY⁄PVA ljiff0f' -Virus_
efO/;

&= cfns' f] dfh] fOs Mild mosaic PVX ⁄ PVS ⁄ PVM ljiff0f' -Virus_

*= bfgfdf sfnf] u'bL Black heart of cfns' f] bfgf leqsf] ch}ljs sf/0f
a:g] /f]u tGt'df cS;Lhgsf]
Potato sldn]

(= bfb] /f]u Common scab Streptomyces hLjf0f'

scabies

$= sfpnL ;d'x -Cauliflower_ df nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] sf/s tTj

s|=;= Gfk] fnL gfd cu+ |]lh gfd sf/s tTj

-English name_ -Etiology_

!= sfpnL ju{sf] afnLsf] Bottom Rot Rhizoctonia sp. 9';L -Fungus_
kmb] s'lxg]
9';L -Fungus_
@= aGbfsf] sfa] L sl' xg] Head Rot Rhizoctonia sp. 9;' L -Fungus_
9';L -Fungus_
#= sfpnLsf] h/f sl' xg] Root Rot Rhizoctonia sp.
9';L -Fungus_
$= sfpnL ju{sf] t/sf/Lsf] Club Root Plasmodiophora
ufF7] /f]u 9;' L -Fungus_
brassicae
9';L -Fungus_
%= sfpnL ju{sf t/sf/Lsf] White Rust Albugo candida Zffsfg-'
;]t] /f]u Bacteria_

^= sfpnL ju{sf t/sf/Ldf Alternaria Leaf Alternaria 9';L -Fungus_
nfUg] cN6/gl] /of yf]Kn] Spot
/f]u brassicola

&= Jof8df ag] f{ s'lxg] Damping-off Rhizoctonia

*= Gf;f sfnf] eO{ sl' xg] /fu] Black Rot Xanthomonas

campestris pv.

(= 8f7F sl' xg] /f]u Campestris
Sclerotinia root Sclerotinia

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

!)= 6lgk{ dfH] ofs efO{/; Turnip mosaic sclerotiorum ljiff0f' -Virus_
Turnip mosaic
virus

%= Kofh -Onion_df nfUg] /fu] x¿sf] sf/s tTj

s=| ;= Gf]kfnL gfd c+u|l] h gfd -English sf/s tTj -
Etiology_
name_
Alternaria porri
!= Kofhsf] 89'jf /f]u Alternaria Blight Ditylenchus 9';L -Fungus_
dipsaci k/lhlj h'sf
@= 8f7 tyf ufgfdf Stem and Bulb
nfUg] h'sf
Nematode

^= sfz] ]afnLdf -Legumes_ nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] sf/s tTj

s=| ;= Gfk] fnL gfd cu+ |]lh gfd sf/s tTj

-English name_ -Etiology_

!= /x/sf] :6l] /ln6L Sterility Mosaic Pigeonpea mosaic ljiff0f' -
Virus_
dfh] fOs virus (PPSMV) 9';L -
Fungus_
@= d;' '/f]sf] :6]dlkmnLod Stemphylium Stemphylium 9';L -
AnfO6 Fungus_
Blight botryosum 9;' L -
Fungus_
#= /x/sf] cf]Onfpg] /fu] Wilt Fusarium sp. 9';L -
Fungus_
$= rgfsf] km]b sl' xg] /f]u Collar Rot Sclerotium rolfsii 9';L -
Fungus_
%= l;dLsf] l;Gb/' ] /f]u Rust Uromyces 9;' L -
Fungus_
appendiculatus
9;' L -
^= l;dLsf] v/fg] /f]u Powdery Erysiphe Fungus_
9';L -
Mildew cichoracearum Fungus_
9;' L -
&= rgfsf] af6] «fOl6; v}/] Botrytis Brown Botrytis cinera
/f]u

&=cGo t/sf/L afnLdf nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] sf/s tTj

s|=;= Gf]kfnL gfd c+u|l] h gfd sf/s tTj

-English name_ -Etiology_

!= ufh/df km]b / h/f Crown Rot Rhizoctonia
ljrsf] efu s'lxg]

@= sfnf] vi] 6] Black scurf Rhizoctonia

#= v;' fg{ Lsf] sf]q] /fu] Anthracnose of Mcolletotrichum

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

Chilli falcatum Fungus_

$= le08Lsf] g;f kx+]lng] Yellow Vein Yellow Vein Mosaic ljiff0f' -
uh' dhh' ] efO/;
Mosaic virus Virus_

%= sfqmf] km;Ls{ f] lzt] 9';L Downey Pseudoperonospora 9;' L -
/fu] Mildew
cubensis Fungus_

^= v;' f{gLsf] kmfO6{ fk] m\yf]/f Phytophthora Phytophthora capsici 9;' L -
89'jf /f]u
Blight Fungus_

&= sfqmf] km;L{sf] v/fg] Powdery Erysiphe 9;' L -

/f]u Mildew chicoracearum Fungus_

*= abfdsf] l6Ssf /fu] Tikka Cercospora 9';L -

arachidicola / Fungus_

Cercospora

personata

(= ;okqL kmn' sf] ;K] 6fl] /of Septoria Spot Septoria tageticola 9';L -
yf]Kn] /f]u
Fungus_
!)= ;'kf/Lsf] sf]n/] fu] jf Koleroga
dxfnL /f]u Phytophthora meadii 9';L -

!!= cb'jf afnLsf] ufgf] s'lxg] Rhizome Rot Fungus_
/f]u
Pythium sps. / 9';L -

Fusarium sps. Fungus_

*=skmL afnLdf -Coffee_ nfUg] /fu] x¿sf] sf/s tTj

s=| ;= Gfk] fnL gfd c+ul]| h gfd sf/s tTj

-English name_ -Etiology_

!= skmLsf] sf]q] /f]u Anthracnose Collectotrichum 9;' L -
Fungus_
gloeosporioides 9';L -
Fungus_
@= skmLsf] kftsf] v}/f] Brown Spot/ Berry Cercospora
yfK] n] tyf a/] L Anf]r Blotch 9;' L -
/fu] coffeeicola Fungus_
9';L -
#= skmLsf] cf]Olng] /f]u Wilting Fusarium sp. Fungus_

$= skmLsf] l;Gb'/] /f]u Rust Hemileia vastrix

(=lrof afnLdf -Tea_ nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] sf/s tTj

s|=;= Gfk] fnL gfd c+u]l| h gfd sf/s tTj
-Etiology_
-English name_
Corticium sp.
!= sfnf] ;8\g] /fu] Black rot 9;' L -

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

@= Kfmf]s] d?jf /fu] Blister Blight Exobasidium Fungus_
#= /ftf] l;Gb'/] Red Rust vexans 9;' L -
$= Vf}/] /fu] Brown disease Cephaleurus Fungus_
parasiticus
Pestaletia thea 9';L -
Fungus_

9;' L -
Fungus_

!)= ;G' tnf -Citrus_ df nfUg] /fu] x¿sf] sf/s tTj

s=| ;= Gfk] fnL gfd c+ul|] h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_

name_

!= h/f s'lxg] /f]u Root Rot Alternaria citrii 9;' L -
Fungus_
@= Pgy|fSgfh] Anthracnose Colletotrichum 9';L -
Fungus_
gloeosporioides
9';L -
#= un' flj /fu] Pink disease Erythricium Fungus_

salmonicolor 9';L -
Fungus_
$= wn' ] 9;' L Powdery mildew Acrosporium
9'; -
tingitaninum Fungus_
Zffsfg'
%= udfl] ;; /fu] Gummosis Phytopthora -Bacteria
_
^= l;6«; lu|lgª Citrus Greening Candidatus asiaticus Zffsfg'
/f]u -Bacteria
_
&= SofÍ/ Citrus Canker Xanthomonas ljiff0f' -
axonopodis Virus_
*= l6:« 6]hf efO/{ ; Tristeza 9';L -
Tristeza virus Fungus_

(= sfnf] Wjf;F ] Shooty mould Gloedes pognigena

!!= cn+}lr -Cadamom_ df nfUg] /fu] x¿ sf/s tTj -Etiology_ 9;' L -Fungus_
s|=;= Gf]kfnL gfd cu+ l]| h gfd -English Colletotricum sps /

name_
!= kftsf] ;8g] Leaf Rot

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

Cephalosporium sps

@= ufgf] sl' xg] Rhizome Rot Pythium sps., 9';L -Fungus_
/f]u
Rhizoctonia solani,
#= l5s{] /fu] Chhirke
$= k'ms{] /f]u Furke Fusarium sps.

Streak mosaic virus ljiff0f' -Virus_

Dwarfing virus ljiff0f' -Virus_

!@= :ofp -Apple_ df nfUg] /f]ux¿

s=| ;= Gf]kfnL gfd c+u|l] h gfd -English sf/s tTj -

name_ Etiology_

!= :ofpsf] bfb /fu] Apple Scab Venturia 9';L -Fungus_

inaequalis

@= :ofpsf] 8f7sf] Papery Bark Trametes 9;' L -Fungus_
af]qmf v'Olng] /fu]
versicolor

#= qmfpg un Crown gall Agrobacterium t Zffsfg'
umefaciens -Bacteria_

$= w'n] 9';L /f]u Powdery mildew Podosphaera 9';L -Fungus_

leucotricha

^= Jffq] mf vO' lng] Papery bark Stereum 9';L -Fungus_

purpureum

!#= cfFk -Mango_ df nfUg] /fu] x¿

s=| ;= Gf]kfnL gfd cu+ l]| h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_

name_

!= sfq] ] Anthracnose Colletotrichum 9;' L -

gloeosporioides Fungus_

@= ;t] f] wn' ] /f]u Powdery mildew Oidium mangiferae 9';L -

Fungus_

#= Kfmn s'lxg] Fruit rot Alternaria alternata 9;' L -

Fungus_

$= cfkF sf] Malformation Gff]6 ch}ljs sf/0f
ljs[lt of] ljst[ ¿k km"n / xNfSs

a9b\ } u/s] f kfn'jf df b]Vg

;lsG5 . a9L ;'s]sf xfuF fx¿ df

of] ;d:of vf;} b]lvbg} t/

kmN" fdf c;dfGo ca:yf b]vf

kb{5 . of] ;d:ofn] ubf{ ul| ;t

km"nx¿ nueu ;a} efn] x'G5g\

/ kmn nfUbg} .

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar Kathmandu .

9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

/f]syfk
;d:of u:| t kmn' x¿ x6fpg]
@)) lklkPdsf] NAA ;fpg sf]
klxnf] xKtfdf 5g{] .

!$= s]/f -Banana_ df nfUg] /fu] x¿

s=| ;= Gf]kfnL gfd cu+ l|] h gfd -English sf/s tTj -Etiology_

name_

!= s]/fsf] l7Ful' /g] Bunchy Top Banana bunchy top ljiff0f' -Virus_
/fu] virus

@= cf]Onfpg] /fu] Wilt disease Fusarium 9';L -Fungus_

oxysporum

#= Uffgf] s'lxg] Rhizome rot Erwinia Zffsfg'-Bacteria

chrysanthemi _

$= sf]q] /f]u Anthracnose Colletotrichum 9;' L -Fungus_

musae

Chandra prakash Rokaya

Agriculture department, Hariharbhawan lalitpur
Permanent Loksewa Teacher – Himalayan Agriculture Institute,Bagbazzar

Kathmandu . 9851212352 ,9860673789 Contact number

jfnL lj1fg -Agronomy_

ljleGg jfnLsf] qmfd] f]hfd] gDj/

s|=;= jfnLsf] gfd qmfd] fh] fd] gDj/ s=| ;= jfnLsf] gfd qmfd] f]hf]d gDj/

!= Wffg (Rice) @$ !)= s]/fp (Pea) !$

@= UfxF' (Wheat) $@ !!= aGbf (Cabbage) !*

#= Hff} (Barley) !$ !@= l;dL (Bean) @@

$= Dfs} (Maize) @) !#= Kofh (Onion) !^

%= cfn' (Potato) $* !$= pv' (Sugercane) *)

^= skf; (Cotton) %@ !%= Uffh/ (Carrot) !*

&= 6df6/ (Tomoto) @$ !^= Afbfd (Peanut) $)

*= sfsf| ] (Cucumber) !$ !&= ;l' t{ (Tobaco) $*

(= d'nf (Radish) !* !*= Ef6df; (Soybean) $)

blno cfwf/df jfnLsf] jlu{s/0f -Based on cotyledons number_

s=| ;= Jflu{s/0f jfnLsf] gfd

!= Ps blno -Monocotyledons_ ljpdf Ps j6f dfq kmSn6] f x'G5 . h:t} Kofh, ds}, n;g' ,
wfg,pv'

@= bO' { blno -Dicotyledons_ ljpdf b'O j6f kmSn6] f x'G5 . h:t} e6df;, df;, skf;,
s/] fp,6df6/,d;/' f,] abfd

jfnLsf] ljp cs+ /' 0f cg;' f/ jlus{ /0f -Based on Seed Germination_

s=| ;= Jflus{ /0f jfnLsf] gfd
!= Epigeal germination
To:tf] jfnL xf] h'g ljp nufpbF f Cotiledon hldgsf]
@= Hypogeal germination ;txb]vL dfly cfpg] ub{5 h:t}
6df6/,l;ld,skf;,afl] 8,nx/] t/sf/L

To:tf] jfnL xf] hg' ljp nufpbF f Cotiledon hldgsf]
;txbv] L dfly cfpbg} g\ tn g} /xG5 . h:t}
wfg,uxF',ds,} abfd cflb

sfag{ 8fOcS;fO8 l:y/Ls/0f cg;' f/ jlus{ /0f -Based on Co2 Fixation_

s=| ;= Jflu{s/0f jfnLsf] gfd
!= C4 Plants Dfs},pv',h'gn] f]
@= C3 Plants
Ufx'F ,wfg,hf,} e6df;,cfn,' skf;

ljleGg jfnLdf emf/ lgoGq0f

s|=;= Efmf/gfzs ljiffbL ljif]:tf l;kmf/L;
jfnL
!= Isoproturan Rff8} f,;fFu'/f kft] emf/ lgoGq0f
Ufx'F
Post Emergence -emf/ pld|;sk] l5 ko| f]u ug{
wfg
;lsg]– uxs'F f] ljp 5/s] f] #@ bv] L #% lbgdf k|of]u Dfs}

ug_{]

@= 2,4,D (Dichloro UfxsF' f] Rff8} fkft] lgoGq0f

phenoxy Acetic Acid) Post Emergence -emf/ pld;| s]kl5 ko| fu] ug{
;lsg]– uxFs' f] ljp 5/s] f] #@ bv] L #% lbgdf k|ofu]

ug{_]

#= Pendimethalin Rff8} f,;fFu/' f kft] emf/ lgoGq0f

Pre Emergence -emf/ gpd|b+} k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]–

uxFs' f] ljp 5/]sf] # bv] L $ lbgdf k|of]u ug]{_

$= Beutacolor Rff8} f,;fFu'/f kft] emf/ lgoGq0f

Pre Emergence -emf/ gpdb| }+ ko| fu] ug{ ;lsg]_

%= Propanil Rff8} fkft] emf/ lgoGq0f

Pre Emergence -emf/ gpd|b}+ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg_]

^= Atrazin÷Simazin Rff8} fkft] emf/ lgoGq0f

Pre Emergence -emf/ gpdb| +} ko| fu] ug{ ;lsg_]

&= 2,4,D (Dichloro Dfss} f] Rff8} fkft] lgoGq0f

phenoxy Acetic Post Emergence -emf/ pld;| s]kl5 k|ofu] ug{
Acid),Glaikophoset
;lsg]– ds}sf] ljp 5/s] f] #@ bv] L #% lbgdf ko| fu]
ug_{]

*= Alacolor Rff}8fkft] emf/ lgoGq0f

Pre Emergence -emf/ gpd|b}+ k|ofu] ug{ ;lsg_]

(=!% /fu] cj/f]ws hft /fu] cj/fl] w hft
s|=;= jfnLsf] /f]u Dfgsfdgf !,#, u0f]z !,bp] lt
!= Dfss} f] Wjf;] Uf0fz] !,@,dgsfdgf #
@= Dfss} f] 89j' f
#= UfxF'sf] Yellow rust Kff;fªNxfd,' WK !@)$
$= dss} f] 8fpgL ldN8o\ ' /fdk/' sDkf]lh6,/fdk'/ @

%= Ufx'Fsf] sfnf] kfs] ] cgk0' f{ $

^= Ufxs'F f] sfnf] l;Gb'/] ljho,:Jfu4{ f/L,8fkm]

&= Uff]ne]8fsf] cf]Onfpg] ;[hgf,HRD !

*= cfn'sf] Ph] ?] sl' km|Hofl] t,l8lh/],vd' n ;]tf] !,sfl8g{ n,hgsbj]

(= Wffgsf] d?jf /f]u vd' n &,*,/fwf !@,!#,:Jf0f{ ;j !

!)= Ufx'Fsf] v/} f] l;Gb/' ] lj=Pn= $#&!,uft} d,ljho,es[ 6' L,cTo't

!!= Wffgsf] v8/] L ;xg] vd' n !)

!@= Wffgsf] lr;f] ;xg] Nfs] fnL !,#

!#= Wfgsf] 8j' fg ;xg] dG;'nL,:Jf0f{ ;j !,axu' '0fL !,@

;+lIfKt hfgsf/L

 s[lif -Agriculture_ eGGf] zAb Nofl6g efiffaf6 g]kfn lelqPsf] xf] .
 dfgj ;db' fosf nflu cfwf/et" ufF;, af; / skf;sf] Joj:yf ug{] zf:qnfO{ s[lif elgG5 .
 Agriculture b'O{ zAb ldnL ags] f] xG' 5 -Ager / Cultura_
 Ager sf] pkoQ' m cy{ vt] L -Field_ xf] eg] Cultura sf] pko'Qm cy{ sl[ ifhGo j:ts' f] vt] LkftL -

Cultivation_ eGg] al' emG5 .

 afnL lj1fg zAb uL| s -Greak_ efiffsf] b'O j6f zAb -Agros / Nomos_ af6 cfPsf] xf] .
 Agros sf] cy{ vt] jf hUuf -Field_ / Nomos sf] cy{ k|jGw -Management_
 lj= ;+= !(() kl5 gk] fnn] vN' nf / ahf/dv' L cy{tGq cjnDag u¥of] . h;af6 cflys{ ljsf;df lghL
Ifq] sf] el" dsf clej[l4 eof] .
 sl[ if tyf kz' Ifq] df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf qmdzM sl/a &@ / &) kl| tzt /x]sf] 5 . eg] ofu] bfg ^)=*
kl| tzt 5 .
 gk] fnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] sl[ if Ifq] nfO{ dWogh/ u/L vfB ;DaGwL xs wf/f #^ / /fHosf gLltdf ;dt]
k|fyldstf ;fy pNnv] u/]sf] .
 P3f/fF} tLg jifL{o cGtl/d ofh] gfn] ;d]t uf=lj=;= cg'bfgsf] ah6] df !% k|ltzt /sd clgjfo{ s[lif
If]qdf 56' o\ fpg] Joj:yf u/s] f] lyof] .
 Vfghft] sf -Tillage_ lktf eg/] hy] |f] 6n' xg' \ .

 vfBGg jfnL dWo] wfg,ds},ux'F,sf]bf,] hf},kmfk/ pTkfbg / Ifq] kmnsf] cfwf/df qmdz

klxnf,] bf];|f],t;] |f,rf}yf],kfrF f,} 5}6f+} :yfgdf /xs] f] 5 .
 ;g\ !(%! Dff g]kfndf wfg jfnLdf klxnf] jfnL k|hg\g sfo{sf] yfnlg ePsf] .
 ;g\ !(%* df gk] fndf aflx/L b]zjf6 afnLsf hft leqo\ fpg] sfos{ f] yfngL ePsf] . Tolt j]nf wfg

jfnLsf] CH $% hft lelqPsf] .

 ;g\ !(%* df g]kfndf ;j{ky| d klxn] uxFs' f] hft pGdf]rg u/]sf] / ;fl] x j]nf bv] L gk] fndf jfnLx?sf]

pGdf]rg sfos{ f] ;'?jft ePsf] .

 ;g\ !(^$ df ;jk{ |yd klxn] g]kfndf j0fz{ +s/ hftsf] ljsf; ljsf; cfn' jfnLdf ePsf] . Tolt j]nf

b]vL g]kfndf ljleGg hftx?df j0fz{ +s/ hftsf] ljsf;sf] ;?' jft ePsf] .

 ;g\ !(^^ df hf} jfnLdf ;g\ !(^&, wfg jfnLdf ;g\ !(^* / ux'F jfnLdf ;g\ !(^* df k|hGg\ sfo{sf]

;'?jft ePsf] .

 Hfft btf÷{ kGhLs/0f – Gfk] fn leq jf jflx/ sf sg' } jfNfLsf hft @ aif{ ;Dd cg';Gwfg u/L pko'Qm

ePdf /fli6«o ljp ljhg ;dltn] btfs{ f] nfuL l;kmf/L; ub5{ . ;fy} o:tf hftx? cg';Gwfgsf] sd| df

/xs] f] x'G5g\ .

 Hfft pGdf]rg – Gf]kfn leq jf jflx/ sf s'g} jfNfLsf hft ^ bv] L !) aif{ ;Dd cg';Gwfg u/L pko'Qm

ePdf /fli6o« ljp ljhg ;dltn] l;kmf/L; ub5{ .

 /fli6o« ljp ljhg ;dltn] hft pGdf]rg ;ldltjf6 l;kmf/L; eP/ cfPsf hft pGdfr] g / kGhLs/0fsf]

nfuL l;kmf/L; ub5{ .
 gofF hftx?sf] pGdf]rg,btf{ ug]{ sfo{ /fli6«o ljp ljhg ;dltn] ub5{ .
 gk] fn /fhkqdf kGhLs/0f jf pGdfr] g u/LPsf hftx? ks| flzt u/L l;kmf/L; ug]{ sfo{ hft ;l' rt xf] .
 xl/of] dn afnL -Manuring crops_ cGtut{ ;gO} ,{ 9r} f, d'ª, df;, af8] L kb5{ g\ .
 sL/f cfsif{0f afnLx¿ -Traps crops_ cGtu{t /fdtfl] /ofF ,leG8L kb{5g\ .
 3fF; kl/jf/ -Poaceae family_ cGtu{t wfg, ux'F, ds}, sfb] f], hf}, h,} hg' ]nf,] pv' kb{5g\ .
 Psjif]{ -Annual_ cGtut{ wfg, ds,} /x/, ah/f, h'6, skf;, 9}rf OToflb kb5{ g\ .
 b'Ojif{] -Biannual_ cGtu{t rs' G' b/ kb5{ .
 ax'jifL{o -Periannial_ cGtu{t n';g -Lucern_,g]lko/ kb5{ .
 e–" cfj/0f afnL -Cover crops_ cGtu{t e6df;, df; kb5{ g\ .
 ^) b]vL &) k|ltzt /;folgs dnsf] jfnL pTkfbgdf of]ubfg /xs] f] 5 .
 /;folgs dnsf] sf/f]jf/df lglh If]qsf] ;n+ Ugtf lj=;= @)%$ b]vL .
 xl/t qmlGtsf] -Green Revolution_ ;'?jft ;g\ !(^%÷^^ b]vL ePsf] xf] .
 ;;+ f/df vfBfGg jfnL pTkfbgdf 7n' f] pknAwL k|fKt ePsf] lyof] To;nfO{ xl/t qmlGt elgG5 .
 xl/t qmlGtsf] -Green Revolution_ sf lktf gdf{g O{ jf]n{u -Norman E. Borlung_ xg' \ .
 William S. Gaud ;g\ !(^* dfr{ * df xl/t qmlGtsf] -Green Revolution_ zAbsf] k|ofu]

;jk{ y| d klxn] u/]sf lyo .
 xl/t qmlGtdf vfBfGg jfnLsf] pGgt hftsf] ljsf;,gofF kl| jlw,dnvfbsf] k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] .
 ljp e08f/0fsf] nfuL %% b]vL ^% kl| tzt ;fk]lIfs cfb|tf,lr:ofg !) b]vL !@ kl| tzt / % bv] L !)

l8uL| ;l] G6u8|] tfks|d cfjZos kb5{ .
 Super green bag,storage green sild bag,Purdue improved storage Metal Been ljp

e08f/0fsf] nfuL ko| fu] ul/g] ;fdfu|Lx? x'g\ .
 Ufx'sF f] ljp pkrf/ ug{ Vitavex, wfg,dss} f] ljp pkrf/ ug{ Carbendagim Bevistin,t/sf/L

tyf vfBfGg jfnLsf] ljp pkrf/ ug{ Captan sf] ko| f]u ul/G5 .

#=! g]kfn xfn;Dd pGdf]rg tyf btf{ kl| qmofaf6 ;l" rt ePsf && afnLsf ^&* hftx¿

qm=;+= afnL pGdfr] g ljlw btf{ ljlw hDdf ;"rLaf6 x6fOPsf
!= r}t] wfg
@= Afif]{ wfg ^ –^ !
#= ds}
$= uxF' %* ^^ !@$ @)
%= sfb] f]+
^= Hff} @& %* *% !$
&= kmfk/
*= bnxg afnL #! ! #@ !#
(= tn] xg afnL
!)= cfB} fl] us afnL % –% –
!!= cfn'
!@= t/sf/L ^ –^ –
!#= 3fF;]afnL
!$= kmnkmn" afnL ! –! –
!%= ;v/v08
hDdf #( @ $! #

!( @ @! !

!@ – !@ –

!! % !^ –

#( @%& @(^ %*

$) @ !& –

@ %& –

@ –@ –

@&# #(* ^&! !!)

#=@ vfBfGg afNfL

-s_ r}t] wfg

qm=;+ afnLsf] l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
lbg d]=6÷x]
= hft jif{ t/fO,{ leqLdw;] tyf dWo kxf8
!!* #= %
!= CH-45 @)@# !@* $= ) t/fO{ / leqLdw];
!@% $= *
@= ljGbZ] j/L @)#* !@# $= * t/fOs{ f] l;l~rt e"ld

#= rt} ] @ @)$$ t/fO{ / leqLdw;] -#))
ld6/;Ddsf] prfOsf] l;l~rt
$= r}t] ^ @)$* el" d_
t/fO,{ leqLdw;] , l/e/ a]l;g
%= xlbg{ fy–! @)^) !@) $= )# *)) ld6/;Dd
$=^ ;db' | ;tx b]lv &)) ld6/
^= r}t] ^ @)&$ !@)– prfO;Ddsf] t/fO,{ leqLdw;] ,
!@% gbL lsgf/, a+;] L tyf ;dtn
kmfF6

-v_ jif]{ wfg

!= nf]stGq @)^# -@))^_ !@%- #=^ t/fO,{ leqLdw];, tNnf] kxf8 /
!#) dWokxf8sf gbL lsgf/f

@= ldlynf @)^# -@))^_ !$%- #=$– t/fO,{ leqLdw;] / dWokxf8sf]
!%) $=% a;+] L

#= /fd @)^# -@))^_ !#)- $=)– t/fO,{ leqLdw]; -lzjflns
!#& &=@ pkTosf, dsjfgk'/, lrtjg /
gjnk/f;L_

$= jif]{ #))$ @)^# -@))^_ !%& #=* t/fO{ / leqLdw;]
%= kfv] ]n| L
@)^# -@))^_ !*)- @=^ kf]v/f pkTosf / o; cf;kf;sf
h7] fa] 9' f] !*% Ifq] x¿

^= vd' n * -^)) bl] v ()) ld6/ prfO_

@)^# -@))&_ !%* &=^ dWo kxf8 / tNnf] kxf8

&= ;'gfn} f] ;u' Gwf @)^$-@))*_ !%! #=* t/fO{, leqLdw];

*= 3}of ! @)^^ -@)!)_ !!% @=%– cl;l~rt t/fO{, 6f/ tyf
(= nNsf af:dtL #=% dWokxf8sf pkTosf
!)= xlb{gfy @
!!= t/x/f ! @)^^ -@)!)_ !%) #=$– dWo tyf k"jL{ t/fO{
$=%

@)^^ -@)!)_ !@% #=!– t/fO{ tyf leqLdw;]
$=@

@)^^ -@)!)_ !!#-!@% $=@ dWo tyf kj" L{ t/fO{

!@= vd' n–!) @)^* -@)!!_ !#^- $=&* sf7df08f} pkTosf / ;f] ;/xsf]
!&) xfjfkfgL ePsf kxf8L Ifq] .

!#= v'dn–!# @)^*-@)!!_ !!&- $=!& sf7df08f} pkTosf / ;f] ;/xsf]
!*# - xfjfkfgL ePsf kxf8L If]q .
!$$_

!$= ;S' vf wfg — @)^* -@)!!_ !@#- #=@– Kf"jL{ tyf klZrdL t/fO{, leqL dwz]
! !@% $=@ tyf dWo kxf8sf] %)) ld6/;Ddsf
a+];L tyf 6f/ .

!%= ;'Svf wfg — @)^* -@)!!_ !@@- @=#– Kf'lj{ tyf klZrdL t/fO,{ leqL dw]z

@ !@$ #=% tyf dWo kxf8sf %)) ld6/;Ddsf
a];L tyf 6f/

!&= ;'Svf wfg — @)^* -@)!!_ !@@- @=%– Kf"jL{ tyf klZrdL t/fO{, leqLdw];
# !@% #=^ tyf dWo kxf8sf %)) ld6/;Ddsf
a+;] L tyf 6f/

!*= jif{] — @)!$ @)^* -@)!!_ !#%- #=* t/fO{
!$)

!(= :j0ff{ ;a —! @)^*-@)!!_ $=% t/fO{, tyf leqLdw]; / dWo kxf8sf

%)) ld6/;Ddsf a+];Lsf] l;l~rt
!%)- tyf 3fn] If]q .
!%%

@)= ;fjF f d;'nL @)^* -@)!!_ !$%- 3.5- t/fO{, tyf leqLdw]; / dWo kxf8sf
;a –! !%) 4 %)) ld6/;Ddsf a+];Lsf] l;l~rt
#=%– tyf 3f]n If]q .

$

@!= ns] fnL wfg — @)&!-@)!$_ !%* $=)& !%))— @^)) ld6/;Ddsf] pRr
! kxf8L If]q .

@@= ns] fnL wfg — @)&!-@)!$_ !%@ #=( !%))— @^)) ld6/;Ddsf] pRr
# kxf8L Ifq] .

@#= ;S' vf wfg — @)&!-@)!$_ !!*- @=&– t/fO{ / leqLdw];sf] cl;l~rt

$ !@% $ vt] / dWo kxf8sf] %)) ld6/
prfOsf] 6f/

@$= ;S' vf wfg — @)&!-@)!$_ !@% #=@– t/fO{ / leqLdw;] sf] cl;l~rt
% $=@ vt] / dWo kxf8sf] %)) ld6/
prfOs{ f] 6f/ a;L .

@%= ;S' vf wfg — @)&!-@)!$_ !@)– #–$ t/fO{ / leqLdw];sf] cl;l~rt
^ !@% vt] / dWo kxf8sf] %)) ld6/

prfOsf] 6f/ a+];L .

@^= /fwf–!$ @)&# !#@– $=$ t/fO{ / leqLdw;]
!#%

@&= ;u' lGwt wfg– @)&# !$@– $=% t/fO{ / leqLdw;]
! !$%

@*= axu' 0' fL wfg ! @)&$ - !#% %=% ;d'b| ;txb]lv &)) ld6/ pRffOsf]
@)!*_ t/fO{, leqLdw];, gbL lsgf/, a]+;L tyf
;dyn kmfF6

@(= ax'u'0fL wfg @ @)&$ - !$@ %=* ;d'b| ;txb]lv &)) ld6/ pRffOsf]
@)!*_ t/fO,{ leqLdw];,gbL lsgf/,a;]+ L tyf

#)= xlb{gfy # @)&$ - ;dyn kmf6F
@)!*_
!@% %=% ;d'b| ;txb]lv &)) ld6/ pRffOsf]
t/fO{, leqLdw];,gbL lsgf/,a+;] L tyf
;dyn kmf6F

-u_ ds} afnL l;kmfl/; kfSg] lbg pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
jif{ d]=6÷x]
qm=; afnLsf] hft !#)–!#% %=& dWo kxf8
= @)^# !#)–!#% ^=)*
kxf8
!= bp] tL @)^# %=#
g]kfnsf] kj" b{ ]lv klZrd;Dd
@= zLtnf %=# dWo kxf8sf] !^))
%=@& ld6/eGbf tn
#= dgsfdgf–$ @)^% !!& %=#$
(=)* g]kfnsf] k"j{bl] v klZrd;Dd
$= kfl] ;nf] ds} @)^% !$%–!%% dWo kxf8sf] !^))
! *=% ld6/eGbf tn

%= dgsfdgf–% @)^^ !$)–!$% @=% s0ff{nL kj" s{ f dWo kxf8

^= dgsfdgf–^ @)^^ !$)–!$% !=% kj" L{–dWo klZrd kxf8

&= v'dn xfOla8| @)&! 152 %=@ dWo kxf8L If]qdf jiff{
@ Winter ofddf / t/fO{ tyf lelq
dwz] df lxpFb] df};ddf
138
Summer dWo kxfl8 If]qdf jiff{ofddf /
t/fO{ tyf leqLdw];df lxpFb]
*= s=] jf8{=Pd= @)&! ^* df};ddf
##
dWo kxfl8 If]qdf jiff{ofddf /
(= s=] jf8{=Pd= @)&! ^^ t/fO{ tyf leqLdw];df lxpbF ]
#% !@& df};ddf

!)= /;] ª' u\ f @)&! dWo tyf dWo klZdf~rn
If]qsf] &)) b]lv !$)) ld6/

sDkf]lh6 sf] kxf8L If]q

!!= c?0f # @)&@ - !)) dWoklZrdbl] v k"j{sf] t/fO,{
@)!%_ leqLdw]; / dWo kxf8 . t/fO{
#=( / leqLdw;] df lxpbF ] / j;Gt]
tyf dWo kxf8df u[id Ctd' f
v]tL ug{ ;lsg] .

!@= c?0f $ @)&@ !!#–!!% dWoklZrdbl] v k"j{sf] t/fO,{
-@)!%_ leqLdw]; / dWo kxf8 . t/fO{
$=@ / leqLdw];df lxpbF ] / j;Gt]
tyf dWo kxf8df ui[ d Ctd' f
vt] L ug{ ;lsg] .

!#= c?0f ^ @)&@ () dWoklZrdb]lv k"j{sf] t/fO{,
-@)!%_ leqLdw]; / dWo kxf8 . t/fO{
#=% / leqLdw;] df lxpbF ] / j;Gt]
tyf dWo kxf8df ui[ d Ctd' f
vt] L ug{ ;lsg] .

!$= /fdk/' @)&#- !%* –!^% ^=( t/fO{ / leqLdw];sf] lxpbF ]
xfOla|8 $ @)!^_ l;hg &)) ld6/ ;Dd

!%= /fdk/' @)&#- !%* –!^% ^=* t/fO{ / leqLdw;] sf] lxpbF ]
xfOla8| ^ @)!^_ l;hg &)) ld6/;Dd

t/fO,{ leqLdw];sf] ;d'b|

@)&$ ;txb]lv *)) ld6/ ;Dd -jif]{
!@) –!^)
!^= kf]l;nf] ds} $=% tyf lxpbF ] l;hgsf] nflu_ /
@ -@)!*_ dWo kxf8sf] ;d'b| ;txb]lv

*)) b]lv !*)) ld6/

prfO;Dd -jif]{ l;hgsf] nflu_

!&= /fdk/' $ @)&$ !&) t/fO,{ leqLdw;] sf] ;d'b|
-@)!*_ %=$) ;txbl] v &)) ld6/

prfO;Dd

@)&$ !%* dWo kxf8sf] ;d'b| ;txb]lv
!*= dgsfdgf & ^=$^ &)) b]lv !^)) ld6/

-@)!*_ prfO;{ Dd

-3_ ux'“ afnL

qm=;+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/ kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
= ; jif{ lbg d=] 6÷x]

!= cGgk"0f{–! @)$% !^* %=% !))) ld6/ prfOeGbf dflysf]
kxf8

@= aL=Pn= !)@@ @)$* !@) gf/fo0fL gbLb]lv klZrdsf] t/fO{,
%=) 6f/ / !))) ld6/;Dd prfO

ePsf pkTosfx¿

#= es[ 6' L @)%! !@) %=) t/fO{, 6f/ / !))) ld6/;Dd prfO
ePsf pkTosfx¿

$= cGgk"0f{–$ @)%! !^! %=) dWo / pRr kxf8

%= aL=Pn=!!#% @)%! !!% %=) t/fO,{ 6f/ / !))) ld6/;Dd prfO
ePsf pkTosfx¿

^= cRot' @)%$ !@% 6f/, !))) ld6/eGbf sd prfO
$=% ePsf pkTosfsf] dWod tyf pRr

pj/{ fe"ld

&= /fl] x0fL @)%$ !!( t/fO{, 6f/ / !))) ld6/eGbf sd
$=! prfO ePsf pkTosfsf] l;l~rt /

dWod tyf pRr pj{/fe"ld

*= kf;fªNxfd' @)%$ !&* dWokxf8 h:t} sf7df8f}+ / h'Dnf
^=& ;/xsf] ;dfg xfjfkfgL ePsf] pRr

kxf8

(= sflGt @)%$ !&$ %=% kxf8L Ifq] sf] dWod / pRr pj/{ f e"ld

!)= aL=Pn=!$&# @)%^ !!% t/fO{, 6f/ / !))) ld6/eGbf sd
$ prfO ePsf pkTosfsf] l;l~rt /

dWod tyf pRr pj{/fe"ld

!!= uft} d @)^! !!( #=$ t/fO{, 6f/ tyf %)) ld6/ eGbf
!@= WK !@)$ @)^$ !&( sd prfO{ ePsf] pkTosf

#=$ dWo kxf8 / pRr kxf8

!#= cflbTo @)^^ !!* $=&( t/fO,{ 6f/ / %)) dL= ;Ddsf] pkTosf
@)^^ !@@ $=%# t/fO,{ 6f/ / %)) dL= ;Ddsf] pkTosf
!$= Nl (&! @&^& !!!–!@# $=$% t/fO,{ 6f/ / %)) dL= ;Ddsf] pkTosf
@)^( !^) $=@–% dWo / pRr kxf8
!%= ljho

!^= uf}/f (BL
3253)

!&= wfn} flul/ (BL @)^( !%^ #=^–$=* dWo / pRr kxf8
3503)

!*= ltnf]Qdf @)&@ !)%– @=%–#=@ t/fO{ / leqLdw];sf] l;l~rt tyf
!@) cw{ l;l~rt If]q

!(= 8fFkm] @)&# !^#–!&) $=$* dWo / pRr kxf8
@)= af0fuu+ f
@)&# !!) #=# t/fO{

@!= af0fu+uf @)&# !!) t/fO{,6f/, xfrf] pkTosf &))
#=# ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf l;l~rt /

cw{ l;l~rt If]qsf] nfuL

@@= :juf{ åf/L @)&# !^# dWo tyf pRr kxf8 -&)) b]vL !$))
$=$ ld6/;Dd_ l;l~rt tyf cw{ l;l~rt

Ifq] sf] nfuL

;d'b| ;txsf] ^)) b]lv @#)) ld=

@#= d'gfn @)&$ !^$ $=(! prfO;Ddsf] dWo tyf pRr
kxf8sf] l;l~rt tyf tyf

cl;l~rt Ifq]

@$= RofvF '/ @)&$ !%* ;d'b| ;txsf] ^)) b]lv !^)) ld=
#=@^ prfO;Ddsf] dWo kxf8sf] cl;l~rt

If]q

@%= vh/' f 8\o'/d @)&$ !@^ ;d'b| ;txb]lv %)) ld6/ prfO;Ddsf
! $=*^ bfª, afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/sf

l;+ l~rt If]q

@^= vh'/f 8o\ '/d @)&$ !@( ;d'b| ;txbl] v %)) ld6/
@ %=@^ prfO;Ddsf bfª, afFs], alb{of,

sn} fnL, s~rgk'/sf l;l~rt If]q

@&= kfj} ux"F -btf_{ @)&% !#) @=!(– s0ff{nL c~rnsf] @#)) b]lv ##))
@*= aL=Pn= $#$! @)&% @=&% ld6/ ;Dd . @*)) ld6/ pkoQ' m .

%=)# t/fO{ / leqLdw;] nufot ;db' L|
;tx af6 *)) ld6/ prfO;Dd .

-ª_ sfb] f] afnL l;kmfl/; kfSg] lbg pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
jif{ d]=6÷x]
qm=;+ afnLsf] dWo / pRr kxf8
= hft @)#& !%$–!($ #=#
#=# t/fO,{ leqLdw]; / pRr kxf8
!= cfV] n] ! @)#& !@!–!%! @=#
()) ld6/bl] v !()) ld6/
@= 8Nn] ! @=$ prfO;Ddsf] dWokxf8L If]qsf]
kfvf]af/L
#= sfa|] sf]bf] @)$& !^& @=%
! dWodf~rnbl] v dWo klZrdf~rn
If]qsf] !#)) b]lv @@)) ld=
$= ;n} ª' sf]bf] @)&@ !%% prfOsf] dWo kxf8 / pRr kxf8
!
dWodf~rnbl] v dWo klZrdf~rn
%= sfa]| sf]bf] @)&@ !%# Ifq] sf] &)) bl] v !*)) ld=
@ prfOsf] dWo kxf8

-r_ hf} afnL

qm=; afnLsf] l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
= hft jif{ lbg d=] 6÷x]
@)#) !^@ sf7df8fF}
!= afg] ; @)#) !#% #=^ t/fO,{ leqLdw];
@)#) !%& # t/fO,{ leqLdw];
@= HBL @=# t/fO{,leqLdw;]
@)#) !@%
#= ufNt @=^

$= CI
!)$$*

%= s]r @)#! !!@ @=% t/fO{,leqLdw;]

^= ;f]np' jf @)&$ !&& d:' tfª, dgfª / 8fN] kfsf @))) ld6/
!=( bl] v #))) ld6/;Dd prfOsf n]sfnL

Ifq]

#=# bnxg afnL

-s_ e6df;

qm=;+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
= lbg d]=6÷x]

!= xf8L{ @)#% !@$ @=$ t/fO{ / leqLdw;]

@= /fG;d @)%$ !$% ! dWo kxf8 / pkTosf

#= ;]tL @)$^ !%) !=@ dWo kxf8 / pkTosf

$= Sa @)$^ !@# @=% t/fO{ / leqLdw];

%= nD' n] e6df; @)%# !#*– !=& $)) ld6/b]lv !^)) ld6/
! !$& prfO;Ddsf] dWokxf8

^= t/sf/L @)^) !@) @=# dWo kxf8L If]q *)) ld6/b]lv !%))
e6df; ! ld6/;Dd

&= k"hf @)^# !@% !=^% t/fO,{ leqLdw;] / dWo kxf8

-v_ d';'/f]

qm=; afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
= d]=6÷x]
t/fO{, leqLdw]; / kxf8
!= l;Gb'/ @)#^ !$* !=% t/fO{, leqLdw]; / kxf8
!=% t/fO{, leqLdw;] , kxf8
@= l;ld|s @)#^ !$# @=) t/fO,{ leqLdw;] , dWo kxf8
$=!
#= lzlz/ @)#^ !$#

$= l;dn @)$^ !$#

%= lzv/ @)$^ !$# #=% t/fO,{ leqLdw];, dWo kxf8

^= vh'/f–! @)%^ !@* !=% dWoklZrdf~rnb]lv
;'b"/klZrdf~rn ;Ddsf] wfg /
ds} nufOg] vt]

&= vh/' f @ @)%^ !#$ @=! dWoklZrdf~rnb]lv
;'b"/klZrdf~rn ;Ddsf] wfg /
ds} nufOg] v]t

*= zLtn @)^! !#$ !=! ;Dk"0f{ t/fO{ / dWokxf8

(= dxZ] j/L @)^$ !!! !=$ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf jf ;f]
ef/tL ;/x, dWo kxf8L Ifq] sf] 6f/
tyf a];+ L

!)= ;u'g @)^$ (* !=# sf7df8f+} pkTosf jf ;f]
;/x, dWo kxf8L Ifq] sf] 6f/
tyf a]+;L

!!= vh'/f d;'/f] # @)&# !$* !=&* ;db' | ;txaf6 !&)) ld6/
;Ddsf] t/fO{, leqLdw]; /
dWo kxf8

!@= vh'/f d;'/f] @)&% !#^ !=)* dWo tyf ;b' /" klZrdsf
$ t/fO{

-bfªbl] v s~rgk'/;Dd,
!)) bl] v &)) ld6/ ;Dd_

-u_ rgf

qm=; afnLs l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfb l;kmfl/; If]q
= f] hft jif{ lbg g

d]=6÷x]

!= wg'if @)#^ !$$ !=* t/fO{ / leqLdw];

@= /fwf @)$$ !$@ !=^ t/fOs{ f ;S' vf efu / cfsfz] kfgLsf] e/df v]tL ug{
;lsg] e"ld

#= ;Ltf @)$$ !$) !=% t/fO{sf ;S' vf efu / cfsfz] kfgLsf] e/df v]tL ug{
;lsg] e"ld

$= sf];n] L @)$& !%$ !=^ klZrd t/fO{ / leqLdw;]

%= sflns @)$& !%@ !=$ dWo / klZrd t/fO{ tyf leqLdw;]
f

^= tf/f @)^$ !#% !=$ t/fO{ / dWo kxf8sf] a]z+ L tyf 6f/

&= cj/f]w @)^$ !#% !=# t/fO{ / dWo kxf8sf] az+] L tyf 6f/
L

-3_ af8] L

qm=; afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
= jif{ lbg d=] 6÷x]
@)$^
!= cfsfz @)$^ &# ! t/fO{ / leqLdw;]
@)^!
@= ks| fz ^) )=* t/fO{ / leqLdw];
@)^*
#= ;"o{ && !=# dWo / klZrd t/fO,{ leqLdw];
@)&#
$= dfn]kf6g–! t/fO,{ leqLdw;] tyf dWo kxf8sf
&%–() )=*–! 6f/ tyf xfr] f Ifq] x¿ -#)) b]lv

!))) ld=_

%= ufhn] afl] 8 &* !=*% ;d'b| ;txaf6 !@)) ld6/;Ddsf]
t/fO{ leqL dw;] / dWo kxf8

-ª_ df;

qm=; afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfb l;kmfl/; If]q
= jif{ lbg g

d=] 6÷x]

!= /fdk/' df; @)&% ^$ t/fO{ leqLdw;] tyf dWo kxf8sf 6f/
)=** tyf xfr] f If]qx¿ -!)) bv] L !@%)

ld6/;Dd _

@= vh/' f df; @)&% ^^ t/fO{ leqLdw;] tyf dWo kxf8sf 6f/
! )=*( tyf xf]rf Ifq] x¿ -!)) bl] v !@%)

ld6/;Dd _

-r_ /x/

qm=;=+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
jif{ lbg Ifdtf
-d]= 6g÷x_] lrtjg, dsjfgk/' / ;nfx{ L
!= /fdk'/ c/x/ ! @)$* !(& lhNnfx¿sf] t/fO{ / leqLdw;]
!=%

@= jfuZ] j/L @)$* @^! @=) wg'iff, ;nfx{ L / afFs]
lhNnfx¿

-5_ d'ª

qm=;+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; kfSg] pTkfb l;kmfl/; Ifq]
= jif{ lbg g

d=] 6÷x]

!= k';f j}zfvL @)#@ ^) !=% t/fO{

@= sNof0f @)^# ^) )=^( t/fO{, r'/] kxf8 / dWokxf8

#= k|tLIff @)^# ^# )=^*^ t/fO{, r'/] kxf8 / dWokxf8

$= k|lt1f @)&% %( !=#) t/fO{ leqLdw]; tyf dWo kxf8sf 6f/ tyf
xfr] f If]qx¿ -!)) b]lv &)) ld6/;Dd _

#=$ tn] xg afnL

-s_ abfd

qm=; afnLsf] l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
= hft d]=6÷x]

!= aL= $ @)#& -!(*)_ !$) !=% t/fO,{ leqLdw]; / dWokxf8

@= hgs @)$% -!(*(_ !$% @=% t/fO{, leqLdw]; / dWokxf8L
If]qsf] l;+rfOsf] ;'ljwf gePsf]
#= Hof]lt @)%# -!((^_ !#&–!%# @=) anf}6] bfd] 6 df6f] ePsf] Ifq]

$= hoGtL @)%# -!((^_ !!% @=@ t/fO{, leqLdw;] / dWokxf8L
%= /fhlif{ Ifq] sf] kfgL ghDg] tyf
^= j}b]xL @)^@ -@))%_ !#^ @=*$ lrD6\ofOnf] df6f] gePsf] Ifq]
&= ;Ddl[ 4 @)^@ -@))%_ !!) #=#
@)&^ -@)!(_ !!)–!@% #=!^ t/fO{, leqLdw;] / dWokxf8L
Ifq] sf] kfgL ghDg] tyf
lrD6o\ fOnf] df6f] gePsf] Ifq]

t/fO{ / leqLdw;]

t/fO{ / leqLdw];

t/fO{ / leqLdw;] / dWo kxf8

-v_ tf/] L

pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
qm=;=+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg Ifdtf

-d]= 6g÷x_]

!= ljsf; @)$^ -!(*(_ *%–() )=* dWodf~rnb]lv ;b' "/ klZrdf~rn
;Ddsf] t/fO{ / leqLdw;]

@= n'Dn] ! @)%# -!((^_ *(–!%# )=( klZrd Ifq] sf] &)) ld6/
prfOeGbf dflysf] dWob]lv pRr
kxf8

#= ku| lt @)%# -!((^_ (( !=) kj" L{ dWokxf8, t/fO{ /
leqLdw];sf] cl;l~rt e"ld

$= pGglt @)^@ -@))%_ *^ !=)$ t/fO,{ leqLdwz] / sd prfO
ePsf] pkTosfsf] cl;l~rt Ifq]

%= kL| lt @)^@ -@))%_ *# !=@^ t/fO,{ leqLdw]; / sd prfO
ePsf] pkTosfsf] cl;l~rt If]q

^= Dff] /ª tf/] L — @ @)&) -@)!#_ *# )=&– )=( t/fO{ tyf dWo t/fO{

&= Gfjnk'/ @)&^ -@)!(_ (# !=)@ t/fO{, leqLdwz] / dWo kxf8sf
:yflgo $ ^)) ld=

-u_ /fof]

pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
qm=;+= afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg Ifdtf

-d]= 6g÷x]_

!= k';f afN] 8 @)$% -!(*(_ !!)–!!% )=( t/fO{ / leqLdw;]

dWodf~rnbl] v ;b' "/

@= si[ 0ff @)$^ -!(*(_ !!% !=! klZrdf~rn ;Ddsf] t/fO{ /

leqLdw;]

#= Dff/] ª @)&$ -@)!*_ !)@–!@) )=(@ ;db' | ;txb]lv &)) ld6/ prfO
/fof÷] tf]/f ;Ddsf t/fO{ tyf leqLdwz]

-3_ tLn

qm=;=+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
lbg Ifdtf

!= gjnk'/ v/} f] tLn @)%& -@)))_ *% -d]= 6g÷x]_
!
!=@ l;/fxfbl] v gk] fnu~h;Ddsf t/fO{

@= gjnk/' e'm;] @)%& -@)))_ !=# )=^% t/fO{ / leqLdw;]
tLn !

#=%= cf}Bfl] us afnL

-s_ ;'tL{

qm=;+= afnLsf] l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg pTkfbg Ifdtf -d]= 6g÷x]_ l;kmfl/; Ifq]
hft

!= an] frfkL ! @)$^ -!(*(_ 60-70 0.9 t/fO{

-v_ skf;

qm=;=+ afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg pTkfbg Ifdtf -d=] l;kmfl/; If]q

6g÷x]_

!= 6y\ fDs6 P;=kL= @)#$ - 60-70 0.9 dWodf~rn / ;b' "/

#& !(&&_ klZrdf~rn

-u_ pv'

qm=;+= afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ pTkfbg l;kmfl/; Ifq]
!= hLtk'/ ! @)%# -!((^_ kfSg] lbg Ifdtf

-d=] 6g÷x]_

#))–#^) &!=) kj" f~{ rn, dWodf~rn /
klZrdf~rnsf] l;l~rt t/fO{

@= hLtk/' @ @)%# -!((^_ #))–#^) (@=) k"jf{~rn, dWodf~rn /
klZrdf~rnsf] cl;l~rt t/fO{

#= hLtk'/ # @)^) -@))$_ #))–#^) &(=@ t/fO{

$= hLtk/' $ @)^) -@))$_ #))–#^) *^=) t/fO{

-3_ h'6

qm=;+= afnLsf] hft l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg pTkfbg Ifdtf -d]= l;kmfl/; If]q
!= O6x/L ! -;]tf]kft_ 6g÷x]_ kj" L{ t/fO{

@)%^ - !!* #=$
!(((_

@= O6x/L @ -;g' fn} f] kft_ @)%^ - !!^ #=# kj" L{ t/fO{
!(((_

-ª_ cbj' f l;kmfl/; kfSg] lbg pTkfbg l;kmfl/; If]q
qm=;+= afnLsf] hft jif{
@@%–@$) Ifdtf
!= sk'/sf]6 cb'jf ! @)%* - @$)–@^)
@= sk'/sf6] cbj' f @ @@)))&#!-_ -d]= 6g÷x_]
@)!^_
@@–#* !^)) ld6/ prfO;Ddsf]

#@=&% lleeqqLLddww;];] ,, ddWWookkxxf8f8//aa;]+ ];+ L L
!^)) ld6/ prfO;Dd

-r_ xnb] f]÷a;] f/

qm=;+= afnLsf] hft pTkfbg

!= sk'/sf]6 xnb] f] — l;kmfl/; jif{ kfSg] lbg Ifdtf l;kmfl/; Ifq]
! @)&! - @$%–@^)
@)!$_ -d]= 6g÷x]_
@= @)&$ - @$%–@^)
sk/' sf6] xn]bf] — @)!*_ @&=* dWo kxf8sf] cl;l~rt
@ kfvf]af/L

;d'b| ;txb]lv !^)) ld6/
#$=)% prfO;Ddsf t/fO{ tyf leqL

dw];

#=^ ;l" rt ln:6af6 x6fOPsf (Denotify) ljleGg afnLsf hftx¿sf] ljj/0f

-s_ ux'“ pGdfl] rt l;kmfl/; sf/0f
qm= jif{ ePsf]
hftsf] gfd If]q
;+= @)@$ -
!(^&_ v/} f] tyf kx]+nf] l;Gb'/] /fu] a9L nfUg] ;fgf] bfgf
!= lkl6s –^@ kxf8 ;fy} pTkfbg sd lbg] xg' fn] s[ifsx¿n] nufpg
@)@$ -
!(^&_ 5fl8;s]sf] x'gfn] .

@ nd] f{ /f]xf] – @)@% - /ftf] tyf ;fgf] bfgf ePsf] v/} f] l;Gb/' ] ;fy} kft
^$ !(^*_ kxf8 89j' f /fu] a9L nfUg] x'gfn] s[ifsx¿n] o;sf] v]tL

@)@* - ug{ aGb u/]sfn] .
!(&!_
# sNof0f ;f]gf v}/f] l;Gb'/] tyf kft 89j' f /fu] cToflws
@)#@- t/fO{ nfUg] bfgf ;fgf] cfsf/sf] ePsf] / pTkfbg
!(&%_
sd x'g] xbF' f si[ fsx¿n] nufpg 5f]8]sfn] .

$ P; ##! v}/f] tyf kxn]+ f] l;Gb'/] /f]u a9L nfUg] /
% Pg Pn #) kxf8 bfgfsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] ePsf sf/0f s[ifsx¿n]

nufpg 5f]8s] fn] .

klZrd v}/f] l;Gb/' ] kft 89'jf / sfnf]kf]s] /fu] a9L
t/fO{ nfUg] ePsf] sf/0f si[ fsx¿n] o;sf] aLpsf]

dfu aGb u/s] fn] .

^ Pr l8 @)#@ - klZrd v/} f] l;Gb'/] tyf kft 89'jf /f]u a9L nfUg'sf ;fy}
!(*@ !(&%_ t/fO{ bfgfsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] ePsfn] ] s[ifsx¿n] o;sf]
aLpsf] dfu ug{ 5f8]sfn] .
@)#* -
& n'lDagL !(*!_ kft 89j' f /fu] a9L nfUgs' f ;fy} bfgfsf]
t/fO{ cfsf/ ;fgf] ePsfn] s[ifsx¿n] o;sf] aLpsf]
@)#(-
!(*@_ dfu gcfPsfn] .

* lqj]0fL @)$)- l9nf] u/L nufpFbf aLp of] hftsf] bfgf ;fgf]
!(*#_ t/fO{ -rfpl/g]_ xg' fn] o;sf] aLpsf] dfu gcfPsfn]

@)$)- .
!(*#_
( ljgfos v/} f] l;Gb/' ] tyf kft 89j' f /f]u cTolws nfUg]
@)$)- t/fO{ x'bF f pTkfbg sd xb' } uPsfn] o;sf] aLpsf]
!(*#_
dfu aGb x'gfn] .
@)$%-
!) l;4fy{ !(**_ v}/f] l;Gb/' ] tyf kft 89'jf /fu] cTolws nfUg] /
t/fO{ pTkfbg sd x'gfn] s[ifsx¿n] o;sf] aLpsf] dfu
@)$%-
!(**_ aGb u/]sf] x'gfn] .

!! efis/ dWoklZ o;sf] bfgfsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] xg' ] xg' fn]
rd si[ fsx¿n] o;sf] ljsNkdf cGo 7n" f bfgf
t/fO{ ePsf] hftx¿ kfPsfn] o; v]tL ug{ 5f8]sfn]
.

v/} f] l;Gb/' ] tyf kft 89'jf /fu] sf] ks| f]k a9L

!@ gk] fn @%! t/fO{ x'g] / bfgsf] cfsf/ klg cGo hftx¿sf]
!# cGgk"0f{ @ tn' gfdf ;fgf] xg' ] x'bf s[ifsx¿n] nufpg

5f8]sfn] .

kxf8 kx+]nf] l;Gb'/] / v}/f] l;Gb/' ] /f]usf] ks| fk] a9L
x'g] xg' fn] .

-v_ wfg pGdf]lrt l;kmfl/; ePsf] sf/0f
jif{ If]q
qm= hftsf]
;+= gfd

lj/n} nufPsf] kfPsf], /fu] -Anf:6,

AofS6l] /on lnkm AnfO6, a|fpg :k6_

!= cfO{ cf/ @)@% - t/fO{ / leqLdw]; ;xg g;Sg,] 8fF7 uef/f], a|fpg KnfG6
* !(^*_ xf]k/ nfUg] u/]sf], sd pTkfbg,

@)@( - sxLFaf6 dfu gcfPsf], pTkfbg
!(&@_
/f]lsPsfn] .

@= cfO{ cf/ t/fO{ / leqLdw]; ,, ,,
@)

#= cfO{ cf/ @)@( - t/fO{ / leqLdw;] ,, ,,
@@ !(&@_ ,, ,,
t/fO{ / leqLdw;] ,, ,,
$= cfO{ cf/ @)#@ - ,, ,,
@$ !(&%_ t/fO{ / leqLdw;] ,, ,,
,, ,,
%= k/jfgLk/' @)#) - t/fO{ ,, ,,
! !(&#_
t/fO{ ,, ,,
^= hof @)#) -
!(&#_ t/fO{ / leqLdw];
&= rlGbgf
@)#% - t/fO{
*= bu' f{ !(&*_ dWoklZrd
t/fOs{ f] l;l~rt
(= nIdL @)#^ -
!(&(_ e"ld
!)= vh'/f @
@)#^ -
!(&(_

@)$$-
!(*&_

!!= dlNnsf @)#(- t/fO{ ,, ,,
!(*@_ t/fO{ / leqLdw]; ,,
!@= jif]{ @ ,, ,,
@)$$- ,, ,,
!#= dGh>' L @ !(*&_ ,, ,,
!$= hfgsL ,, ,,
!%= sGrg @)%* ,,
!^= lxdfnL ,,
!&= Rf}t] $ @)#^ ,,

Tff/f @)#(
!*= -kGhLs/0f
@)#(
dfq_
;/' h @)$$
!(= -kGhLs/0f
dfq_ @)^* ljutdf nuftf/ # jif{ eGbf a9L
KfY[ jL cjlw ;Dddf cfoft gul/Psf]
@)= -kGhLs/0f
dfq_ @)^* ,, ,,
Jf}zfnL
@!= -kGhLs/0f @)^* ,, ,,
dfq_
@)^* ,, ,,

-u_ tf]/L

qm= hfts pGdfl] rt l;kmfl/; sf/0f
;=+ f] gfd jif{ ePsf] Ifq]

of] aLp pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f kr| ngdf g/xs] f] ;fy}

! 6fOk @)#& ;Dk0" f{ si[ fs tyf ljleGg lgsfox¿af6 pQm hftsf] aLpsf]
( -!(*)_ t/fO{ dfu klg ePsf] kfOb}g / tf]/L afnL cTolws
k/k/fu;l] rt afnL ePsfn] w/] } hftx¿sf] pTkfbg

ug{ ;d:of kl//xs] f] 5 .

-3_ rgf

qm= hfts pGdf]lrt l;kmfl/; sf/0f
;=+ f] gfd jif{ ePsf] If]q

of] hftdf cfO] nfpg] /fu] a9L bl] vPsf] / pTkfbg
@)#& t/fO{ / ;d]t sd ePsfn] s[ifsx¿af6 wg'if hftsf] t'ngfdf
!= lqz"n -!(*)_ leqL dw]z of] hftsf] aLpsf] dfu sd ePsf] / si[ fsx¿n] ;d]t

dg gk/fPsf] xbF' f of] hft nf]k ePsf] xf] .

-ª_ e6df;

qm= hfts pGdf]lrt l;kmfl/; sf/0f
;+= f] gfd jif{ ePsf] If]q

@)## o;df kx+]nf] df]hfOs efO/; /fu] a9L ePsf] /
-!(&^_
! lxn kxf8 pTkfbgdf qmlds ¿kdf x|f; xFb' } uPsf] xFb' f of] hft
s[ifsx¿n] dg gk/fPsfn] qmlds ¿kdf aLp nfk] xb' }

uPsf] xf] .

-r_ ds} hftsf] gfd pGdfl] rt l;kmfl/; ePsf] sf/0f
qm= jif{ If]q
;+=

!= ssgL kx]+nf] @)@# pRr kxf8 Desirable genes of this
@= /fdk'/ ! -!(^^_ -n]s_ variety is incorporated on
Manakamana 2 and Hill Pool
#= dsfn' @ Yellow
$= hfgsL
%= ;nfx{ L ;]tf] @)%@ klZrd t/fO{ / It is white grain maize
^= x6] f}+8f sDkf]lh6 -!((%_ dWo kxf8 variety, which was released
for TIT. Presently, there is
virtually no demand for
white grained maize in TIT
and thus it is preserved in
cold store for future uses.

@)$^ nD' n] / kflv|af; Two yellow grained maize
-!(*(_ If]q h:tf n]s / variety Makalu 2 and Ganesh
2 were released in 1989 for
dWo kxf8 hills. Nevertheless, Ganesh 2
became popular in the maize
millete cropping system as
compare to Makalu 2.

@)#% t/fO{ These two varieties were
-!(&*_ also white grain variety
k"jL{ t/fO{ / which were released in late
@)#@ leqL dw]; 70s since past few years, the
-!(&%_ market demand for white
grained in TIT is very
limited. Therefore, the
highly desirable traits of
these varieties were
incorporated in Manakamana
1 and Manakamana 3 which
is highly popular among
farmers.

@)@( dWo kxf8, leqL Farmers got better option

-!(&@_ dw;] , a];+ L tyf and choice through Rampur
6f/ composite, Manakamana 1
and Rampur 2 in place of
Hetauda Composite for
better yield and other
desirable characters (Plant
and Ear Height, Lodging
Resistant, Disease
Resistance etc.)

&= /fdk/' kx]+nf] @)@@ t/fO{ / leqL This variety was downy
-!(^%_ dw;] mildew disease susceptible
and thus replaced by Rampur
composite which is DM
tolerant/resistant.

*= lau af]; @)^( Gff/fo0fL gbL This variety was released as
-@)!@_ k"j{sf leqL a hybrid in Nepal, but hybrid
#) kL #), F1 dw;] tyf as OP seeds were found in
(= -k~hLs/0f dfq_ the market that misled seed
t/fO{ uses.
#) la !!, F1
!)= -k~hLs/0f dfq_ @)^& dWodf~rn The producer company stop
-@)!!_ If]qsf] dWo to produce this variety so
kxf8 — jif{] Nepalese dealer of this
@)^& df;} d t/fO{ — variety request to denotify
-@)!!_ lxpFb] df;} d
The producer company stop
dWodf~rn to produce this variety so
Ifq] sf] dWo Nepalese dealer of this
kxf8— jif]{ variety request to denotify
df};d t/fO{ —
lxpbF ] df;} d

kfof]lgo/— @)^( gf/fo0fL gbL The producer company stop
!!= #&*%, F1 -@)!@_ k"js{ f leqL to produce this variety so
dWf]; tyf Nepalese dealer of this
-k~hLs/0f dfq_ variety request to denotify
t/fO{

;k' / Pd ()), 1F @)^& ljutdf nuftf/ # jif{ eGbf jl9
!@= @)^& cjlw ;Dddf cfoft gul/Psf]
@)^*
-k~hLs/0f dfq_ ljutdf nuftf/ # jif{ eGbf jl9
cjlw ;Dddf cfoft gul/Psf]
l8s;] L &)&$, F1
!#= ljutdf nuftf/ # jif{ eGbf jl9
cjlw ;Dddf cfoft gul/Psf]
-k~hLs/0f dfq_

l6 l; Pd
!$= (^(^, 1F

-k~hLs/0f dfq_

-5_ df;

qm= ;=+ hftsf] gfd pGdfl] rt jif{ l;kmfl/; ePsf] Ifq] sf/0f

! sfn' @)$^ kxf8 Kfx+n] f] l5/lj/] /f]usf] ;q+ md0f w/} }
ePsf]

@)&& df l;kmf/L; ul/Psf ljleGg jfnLsf hftx¿

sl[ if tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfnon] ldtL @)&&÷)$÷@^ df /fhkqdf k|sfzg u/]sf ljleGg jfnLsf
l;kmf/L; hftx¿ lgDgf 5g\

-s_ wfg

g]kfndf ljsf; ul/Psf wfgsf hftx¿

/fhkqdf ks| flzt jfnLsf] gfd l;kmf/L; l;kmf/L; If]q
s=| ;= jif{

!##= xlbg{ fy xfOla8| – @)&& ;dG' b| ;txb]vL !))) ld=;Ddsf]

! 1F t/fO,{ lelq dw]z tyf glb lsgf/sf

!#$= xlb{gfy xfOla8| – kmfF6x¿

# 1F

gk] fndf ljsf; u/s] f v'Nnf ;]lr wfgsf hftx¿

/fhkqdf jfnLsf] gfd l;kmf/L; l;kmf/L; Ifq]
ks| flzt jif{

s=| ;=

!#%= xlb{gfy af/] f] wfg–! @)&& ;d'Gb| ;txb]vL %)) ld= prfO{ ;Ddsf]
t/fO{ b]vL kl' j{ t/fO{sf If]qx¿

!#^= z4' fw] g sfnfgds @)&& ;d'Gb| ;txbv] L %)) ld= prfO{ ;Ddsf]
t/fO{ tyf lelq dwz] sf] l;+Flrt Pjd\
cf+lzs l;rF fO{ ;'ljwf ePsf] Ifq] x¿

!#&= xlbg{ fy ;fFjf @)&& ;d'Gb| ;txbv] L &)) ld= prfO{ ;Ddsf]

dg;'nL t/fO{,lelq dwz] tyf glb lsgf/sf

a;+] Lx¿sf] l;+lF rt Pjd\ cfl+ zs l;rF fO{

;l' jwf ePsf] Ifq] x¿

!#*= sfnf] g'lgof - @)&& ;dG' b| ;txbv] L @)) ld= prfO{ ;Ddsf]

pGgt_ kGhLs/0f emfkf,df]/ª / ;'g;/L lhNnfx¿sf] l;l+F rt

dfq Pjd\ cf+lzs l;rF fO{ ;l' jwf ePsf] Ifq] x¿

-v_ Eff/tdf ljs; ul/Psf ds}sf j0fz{ +s/ hftx¿

/fhkqdf jfnLsf] gfd l;kmf/L; l;kmf/L; Ifq]
k|sfzLt jif{
s|=;=

($= Pg=Pd=Pr–##%% F1 -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&&
@)&&
(%= Pg=Pd=Pr–%*(-Suvarna_ 1F
-kGhLs/0f dfq_

(^= lk–##%% 1F -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&& Gff/fo0fL glb
kj' {sf t/fO{ tyf

(&= Pd=Pd–@%^@ 1F -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&& lelq dwz]
-lxpFb] l;hgsf
(*= lj:sf] sgs–%! 1F -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&& nflu sflts{ bf];f| ]

((= s=] Pd=Pr=–!#!! F1 -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&& xKtf;Dd_

!))= :6f/–( F1 -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&&

!)!= l6=Pd=Pd=Pr–*)^ 1F -kGhLs/0f dfq_ @)&&

-u_ g]kfndf ljsf; ul/Psf d;/' f]sf hftx¿ l;kmf/L; jif{ l;kmf/L; Ifq]
/fhkqdf ks| fzLt s|=;= jfnLsf] gfd @)&& t/fO{,lelq dwz] / dWo kxf8
!#= >4f sfnf] d;'/f]

!$= /;j' f sfnf] d;/' f] -:yflgo_ @)&& /;'jf / g'jfsf]6 lhNnfx¿sf]

-kGhLs/0f dfq_ !*))–@%)) ld=prfO;{ Dd

-3_ g]kfndf ljsf; ul/Psf Kofhsf] hft l;kmf/L; jif{ l;kmf/L; If]q
/fhkqdf ks| fzLt s|=;= jfnLsf] gfd @)&&
*= Aft} 8L :yflgo Kofh ;b' '/klZd k|b]zsf] !)))–
-kGhLs/0f dfq_ @))) ld=prfO{;Dd

-ª_ yfON{ of8df ljsf; ul/Psf] kfnË' fs] f] hft l;kmf/L; jif{ l;kmf/L; If]q
/fhkqdf k|sfzLt s|=;= jfnLsf] gfd @)&&
^= sfËsfË] yfO{ kfnª' u\ f] dWo kxf8 bv] L t/fOs{ f] l;Flrt
-kGhLs/0f dfq_ Ifq]

$=!) aLp afnLsf] ljleGg cj:yfdf ul/g] vt] lg/LIf0fsf] Gog" td ;ª\Vof÷k6s

qm=;+ afnL k6s lg/LIf0f ul/g] cj:yf
=
-s_ afnf lgl:sg] a]nf jf afnf lgl:s;s]kl5
!= wfg, uxF,' hf} / hO{
@ -v_ afnL kfls;s]kl5 t/ sf6g\ ' cl3 jf efl} ts
@= ds} kl/kSjtfkl5

-s_ wfgrd/f cfpgc' l3

-v_ wfgrd/f k"0f{¿kn] lgl:s;sk] l5
% -u_ k/fu;r] g x'g] a]nfdf

-3_ 3fu] f nflu;s]kl5 -ª_ 3f]uf 5gf]6 ug]{
an] fdf

tf/] L, /fof], abfd, d;' /' f,] -s_ km"nkmN' g] an] f jf km'Ng' cl3

#= af8] L, v;] /L, rgf, /x/, @ -v_ sf;] f nfUg]bl] v kfSg] ;do;Dd

df; / dª'

$= e6df; -s_ km"n km'Ng] a]nf jf kmN' g'cl3
@

-v_ sf];f l6Kg'cl3 kft ;a} em/]kl5

-s_ kmn" km'Ng'cl3 -v_ kmn" kmn' /] sf];f nflu
# ;sk] l5
%= h6'
-u_ afnL sf6\gc' l3

^= s]/fp @ -s_ kmn" kmN' gc' l3 -v_ kmn" kmn' /] sf;] f
nflu;sk] l5

&= skf; @ -s_ kmn" km'Ng'cl3 -v_ kmn" kmn' ]bl] v skf;sf] kf]sf
gv'n];Dd

*= ltn # -s_ km"n kmN' g'cl3 -v_ km"n km'n] b]lv skf;sf] kfs] f
gvn' ];Dd

(= sf]bf] @ -s_ km"n kmN' g' cl3 -v_ afnL k"0f{¿kn] kfls;s]kl5

!)= ;"o{dv' L -s_ km"n km'Ng' cl3 -v_ kmn" kml' n/x]sf] cj:yfdf
#

-u_ aLp kfls;sk] l5

-s_ km"n kmN' ge' Gbf cl3

!!= s/n] f, nfs} f, l3/fn+} f, # -v_ km"n km'ln/xs] f,] kmn nflu/xs] f] an] fdf
sfFqmf] / ;d/ :Sjf;

-u_ kmn k"0f{ kl/kSj eO;s]kl5

-s_ km"n kmN' ge' Gbf cl3

!@= t/a'hf / v/a'hf # -v_ km"n km'ln/xs] f], kmn nflu/x]sf] an] fdf

-u_ kmn kl/kSj eO;sk] l5

e]8] v;' fg{ L, lk/] v;' fg{ L, -s_ km"n km'Nge' Gbf cl3 -v_ k"0f{ km"n kml' n/xs] f]
/fdtfl] /ofF # a]nf
!#=
-u_ kmn kl/kSj eO;s]kl5

-s_ km"n km'Ng'eGbf cl3 -v_ kmn nfUge' Gbf
# cl3
!$= e06f
-u_ kmn kl/kSj eO;sk] l5

-s_ klxnf] km"n kmN' ge' Gbf cl3

!%= uf]ne8F] f # -v_ k0" f{ kmn" km'ln/xs] f] a]nfdf / kmn nfUg'eGbf cl3
!^= n§];fu
!&= tg]af]8L -u_ afnL kfls;sk] l5

!*= dy] L @ -s_ km"n km'Nge' Gbf cl3 -v_ kmn" km'ln/x]sf]
!(= lh/Lsf] ;fu a]nfdf

-s_ j[l4 ljsf; eO/x]sf] a]nf

# -v_ kmn" km'ln/xs] f], kmn nflu/x]sf] an] fdf

-u_ afnL s6fgL x'g'eGbf cl3

-s_ kmn" kmN' g'eGbf cl3
@

-v_ kmn" kml' n/xs] f] tyf kmn nflu/xs] f] a]nfdf

# -s_ sf]kL lg:sg' cufl8 k0" f{ jl[ 4 cj:yfdf

-v_ sfk] L lg:s]kl5 -u_ km"nkmn" g] cj:yfdf

@)= kfnu+' f] @ -s_ kmn" kmN' g'eGbf cl3 -v_ kmn" km'ln;sk] l5
@!= aGbf
@@= sfpnL -s_ sf]kL lg:sg'cufl8 -v_ sf]kL lg:s]kl5
@#= rfOlgh aGbf #
@$= Uof7F sfa] L
@%= :jL; rf8{ -u_ km"n km'nk] l5

@^= Kofh,ufh/ -s_ sfk] L lg:ss] f] ;'?sf] cj:yfdf
#
@*= dn' f, ;nud
@(= /fof] ;fu -v_ k0" f¿{ kdf sfk] L ag]kl5 -u_ km"nkm"nk] l5

-s_ ;'?sf] kft lg:sg] cj:yfdf -u+_ km"n km'Ng]

# -v_ k0" f{¿kdf sfk] L ag]kl5
cj:yfdf

-s_ klxnf] UofF7 aGg] cj:yfdf -v_ k0" f{ Uof7F agk] l5
#

-u_ kmn" km'Ng] cj:yfdf

-s_ kft lg:ss] f] cj:yfdf -v_ km"n km'Ng'cufl8
#

-u_ kmn" kmN' g] cj:yfdf

-s_ ufgf] pv]n/] a/] ª / /f]uL 5gf6] u/L /fk] k] l5sf]
cj:yfdf

$ -v_ km"n km'Ngc' ufl8

-u_ km"n kmN' g] cj:yfdf -3_ l5lKkg]
cj:yfdf

-s_ aLp 5/s] f] @)–#) lbgkl5 -v_ h/f pv]n/] kg' M
# /fl] k;sk] l5

-u_ kmn" km'Ng] cj:yfdf

-s_ aLp 5/s] f] @)–#) lbgkl5 -v_ km"n kmN' g'
# cufl8

-u_ km"n kmN' g] cj:yfdf

$=!! ljleGg afnLsf] aLpsf] n6df xg' k' g]{ clwstd tf}n -s]hL_

qm=;+= tfn} - afnL
s=] hL=_
wfg, ux,'F ds,} hf}, h,} abfd, cFl8/, ;o" d{ v' L, df;, rgf, af8] L, /x/,
!= @),))) /fhdf, dª' , uxt, s/] fp, skf;, l6of;] G] 6L, as'nf l;dL, £o"l;dL,
/fdtf]l/of, s'le08f], s/n] f, nfs} f, l608f, tah{' f, l3/fF}nf, kf6] l3/f}Fnf,
@= !),))) lrlr08f, sl' /nf], lh/Lsf] ;fu, 9r} f, r'sGb/ .

sf]bf,] hg' ]nf], sfu'gf,] kmfk/, tf/] L÷/fof], ltn, s;' 'd, cfn;, em';]ltn, d';'/f],
h'6, al;{d, akm]n, d]yL, Hjf/, n;' g{, g]lko/, kf/f, :6fOnf,] ;8' fg, sfpnL,
aGbf, a|f]sfpnL, Uof7F sf]aL, a';| N] ; :k|fp6, rfOlgh aGbf, eG6f, v;' fg{ L,
uf]ne]F8f, sfqF mf], ss/L, v/a'hf, k/jn, km;L,{ n'F8,] ;]n/] L, :jL;rf8,{ kfnª' u\ f],
wlgof,F rD;'/, 5\ofkL, Kofh, d'nf, ;nud, ufh/, hL/f, ;'tL{ .

$=!@ ljp pTkfbg ubf{ vt] jf/Ldf sfod ugk' g]{ clt cfjZos Go'gtd :t/x¿

-s_ vfBfGg afnL

afnL Gogftd clwstd clwstd /fu] L 56' o\ fpg
sf] k[ystf b'l/ - jh] ftsf] jf6] - jf]6 g;lsg] cGo
gfd
ld6/df_ k|ltztdf_ -k|ltztdf_ jfnL

qm=;+ dn' kd| fl0f dn' k|dfl0f d'n kd| fl0f -kl| tztdf_ lgifl] z
= lap t lap lap t lap t t /fu]

lap lap d'n k|dfl0f
lap t lap

!= wfg # # )=)% )=@) )=@) )=%) )=)% )=! gs]
Jnf:6

## )=)% )=#) )=!) )=%) )=)% )=!) sfnf]
kfs] ]

@= UfxF,' h sfnf] kf]s]
f,} ;+qmdg
pjf hldgsf] xsdf

!%) !%)

#= sfb] f] % % )=!) )=@) – –– ––

$= ds} #)) @)) ! @ – –– ––

-v_ bfn afnL

qm afnLs Gogftd clwstd clwstd /fu] L 56' o\ fpg g;lsg] lgifl] z
=;+ f] gfd k[ystf bl' / jh] ftsf] jf]6- jf]6 cGo jfnL t /f]u
= k|ltztdf_
-ld6/df_ -k|ltztdf_ -kl| tztdf_
dn' kd| fl0f
d'n kd| fl0 lap t lap dn' k|dfl0ft d'n k|dfl0f
lap ft lap lap lap t lap

lap

!= d;/' !) % )=!) )=@) – – – –
f]

lkmphf
#= rgf !) % )=!) )=@) )=!) )=%) – – l/d

ljN6

$ Dff; !) % )=!) )=@) – – – –
=

%= d'ª !) % )=!) )=@) – – – –

Dff]Hofs

^= Jff8] L !) % )=!) )=@) )=!) )=@)÷ – – efO/;,
)=%) PGyf| sgf]

h

&= /x/ @)) !)) )=!) )=@) – – – –

-u_ t]n afnL

Gogftd clwstd clwstd /fu] L 5'6o\ fpg
ky[ stf g;lsg] cGo
j]hftsf] jf6] jf]6
bl' / -ld6/df_ jfnL
qm= afnLsf] -k|ltztdf_ -k|ltztdf_
;=+ gfd dn' k|dfl0 -k|ltztdf_ lgifl] zt /f]u
lap ft
dn' kd| fl0f dn' kd| fl0f d'n kd| fl0f
lap lap t lap t lap lap t lap

lap

! Tff]/L %) @% )=!) )=%) )=@) )=%) – – cN6/g]l/of
= #)) @)) )=!) )=%) )=@) )=%) – – lnkm:kf]6,:S
n/] fl] 6gLof
# /fof,]
= :f:o'{

$= jbfd # # )=!) )=@) – – – –

% Ef6df; # # )=!) )=%) )=!) )=%) – – PGy|fsgfh]
= )=!) )=@) )=%) !=)) – – lnkm:kf6]
)=)% )=!) – – – –
^ ltn !)) %)
=

& Efm';] $)) @))
= ltn

-3_ gub] afnL

Gogftd clwstd clwstd /f]uL 56' \ofpg
k[ystf bl' / - jh] ftsf] jf6] jf6] g;lsg] cGo

qm afnL ld6/df_ -kl| tztdf_ jfnL
=;+ sf]
= gfd d'n k|dfl0ft -k|ltztdf_ -k|ltztdf_ lgif]lzt /f]u
lap lap
d'n kd| fl0f dn' kd| fl0f dn' k|dfl0f
lap t lap t la t

lap lap p lap

!= ;'lt{ # # )=!) )=@) – – – –

#= h6' %) @% )=%) !=)) !=)) @=)) – – h'6
snf/] fl] ;;

$ skf; %) @% )=!) )=@) – – ––
=

-ª_ h/] t/sf/L afnL

Gogftd clwstd clwstd /fu] L HfftLo u'0f
k[ystf bl' / j]hftsf] jf6] jf6] gbv] fpg] h/f

qm afnLs -ld6/df_ -kl| tztdf_ -kl| tztdf_ -k|ltztdf_ lgifl] zt
=;+ f] gfd dn' k|dfl0f dn' kd| fl0f d'n k|dfl0ft /fu]
= dn' kd| fl0f lap t lap lap lap
lap t
lap t lap
lap

!= d'nf !^)) !)) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=%) )=!) )=@) lnkm:kf]6
,

:Sn/] f]l6gL
of

#= ;nu !^)) !)) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=@) ANofs

d /6

$ Uffh/ !))) %)) )=!) )=@) – – ––
=

-r_ cGo t/sf/L jfnL

qm afnL Gogftd clwstd clwstd /fu] L lgif]lzt /fu]
=;+ sf] k[ystf bl' / - jh] ftsf] jf]6 jf]6

ld6/df_ -kl| tztdf_ -k|ltztdf_

= gfd
d'n kd| fl0f d'n k|dfl0f dn' k|dfl0f

lap t lap lap t lap lap t lap

!= Uffn] e]8 %) @% )=! )=@) )=@) )=%) cln{ JnfO6{ ,kmndf nfUg]
f ) JofS6l] /on :kf6] / 6f]df6f]
dfH] ofs efO/;

@= sfpn !^) !))) )=! )=@) )=!) )=%) cN6/gl] /of lnkm:kf6] -
L ) ) )=!) )=@) sfi] ffdf_

ANofs /6

#= jGbf !^) !))) )=! )=@) )=!) )=%) cN6/g]l/of lnkm:kf6] -
) ) )=!) )=@) sf]iffdf_

ANofs /6

$ /fof]s !^) !))) )=! )=%) )=@) )=%) cN6/g]l/of lnkm:kf6] -
= f] ;fu ) ) sfi] ffdf_

-5_ sfz] ] afnL

Gogftd clwstd clwstd /f]uL
jf6]
ky[ stf b'l/ - j]hftsf] jf6] -

qm= ld6/df_ k|ltztdf_ -k|ltztdf_ lgifl] zt /f]u
jfnLsf] gfd
;+= d'n kd| fl0f dn' kd| fl0f d'n k|dfl0ft

la t lap lap t lap lap lap

p

!= Aff]8L,l3p÷e %) @% )=!) )=%) )=!) )=@) DffH] ofs efO/;
mf+u] l;dL )=!) )=%) PGy|fsgfh]

@= s]/fp !) % )=!) )=@) – – lkdf]hfOs
efO/;

-h_ kmn ;dx' t/sf/L jfnL

Gogftd clwstd clwstd /f]uL
ky[ stf bl' / jh] ftsf] jf]6- jf]6

s=| ;= afnLsf] -ld6/df_ k|ltztdf_ -k|ltztdf_ lgif]lzt /f]u
gfd d'n kd| fl0 d'n kd| fl0f d'n kd| fl0ft

lap ft lap t lap lap

lap lap

!= Eff06f $) @)) )=!) )=@) )=@) )=%) Kfmndf nfUg] JnfO6{
)

@= /fdtf]/Lo $) @)) )=!) )=@) – –
f)

#= Ef]8÷] lk/f] $) @)) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=@) Jofs6l] /on lnkm

v;' f{gL ) :kf6]

)=@) )=%) PGyf| sgfh]

$= cfn' % % – – – –

-em_ nx/] t/sf/L jfnL Gogftd clwstd clwstd /fu] L lgifl] zt /f]u
qm=;+ jfnLsf] gfd
ky[ stf b'l/ - j]hftsf] jf6] - jf6] -

= ld6/df_ k|ltztdf_ kl| tztdf_

d'n kd| fl0f dn' kd| fl0f d'n k|dfl0f
lap t lap lap t lap lap t lap

!= s/]nf,sfsf| ] !)) %)) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=@) Dff]Hofs
) efO/;

@= Nffs} f,t/e'hf,lrl !)) %)) )=!) )=@) – –
rG8f )

#= Kfm;L,{ :Sjf; kml;{ !)) %)) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=@) s's'Dj/
) dfH] ofs
efO/{ ;

$= l3/f}nf,kf6] !)) %)) )=!) )=@) – –
l3/fn} f )

-`_ ;fukft t/sf/L jfnL

clwstd

Gogftd clwstd clwstd lgifl] wt
emf/kftsf]
qm afnLsf] k[ystf b'l/ - jh] ftsf] jf]6- /fu] L af6] - jf6] lgifl] zt /fu]
= ld6/df_ kl| tztdf_ kl| tztdf_
-k|ltztdf_
;+ gfd

=
dn' k|dfl d'n kd| fl0f d'n kd| fl0f dn' kd| fl0

lap 0ft lap t lap t lap ft

lap lap lap lap

!= :jL;rf8{ !))) %)) )=!) )=@) – – – –

#= kfn'ª\uf] !^)) !)) )=!) )=@) – – ––
)

$ s'l/nf] %)) #)) )=!) )=@) )=!) )=%) – –
=

%= lhl/sf] %) @% )=!) )=@) )=!) )=%) )=)! )=)@ Dff]Hofs
;fu efO/{ ;

^= Df]lysf] %) @% )=!) )=@) – – )=)! )=)@ ;l] h emf/
;fu

&= /fofs] f] !^)) !)) )=!) )=%) )=@) )=%) )=!) )=%) cN6/g]l/of

;fu ) lnkm:kf]6

-sf]iffdf_,
ANofs /6

$=!# u0' f:y/o'tm ljpsf] nfUfL rflxg] Go'gtd :t/

-s_ vfBGg jfnL

Gog' td Go'gtd si[ fs:t/
lapsf] z'4tf lapsf]
pdf/zltm - oyfy{ oyfy{ df lapsf]
-%_ ;+s]tkq ;+s]tkq Go'gtd pdf/zlt
%_
clwst df df lap m
d x'g'kg]{ xg' k' g{]
qm ljleG Go'gtd Gog' td df kl/If0fsf]
=;+ g lr:ofg lapsf] lapsf] x'g'kg{] nfUfL
z'4tf - pdf/zl pdf/z rflgg]
= jfnL -%_ d'n Kf|dfl0f d'n Kf|dfl0f tmL Gog' td
ljp t ljp ljp %_ tm
t dfqf -Gm
ljp -%_ -%_ _

!= wfg !# (* (* *) *) (& *) *) &)
@= Dfs} !@ (* (* *% *% (& *% *% %))
#= Hff} !@ (* (* *% *% (& *% *% !@)
$= UfxF' !@ (* (* *% *% (& *) *) !@)
%= sf]bf] !! (& (& &% &% (^ &) &) ^
^= pjf !@ (* (* *% *% – – *% –

-v_ bfn jfnL

Go'gtd Gog' td oyfy{ si[ fs:t/ lapsf]
lapsf] z4' tf lapsf] oyfy{ ;+st] kq df pdf/zlt
clwst -%_ pdf/zltm - ;+st] kq
d %_ df df Gog' td m
qm ljleG lr:ofg x'gk' g{] xg' 'kg{] lap kl/If0fsf]
=;+ g Gog' td nfUfL
-%_ d'n Kfd| fl0f Kf|dfl0f Gog' td lapsf] df rflgg]
= jfnL ljp t ljp t pdf/zl
d'n lapsf] xg' 'kg]{ Go'gtd
ljp ljp tm pdf/z dfqf -Gm
z'4tf -
%_ -%_ tmL _

-%_

!= d;/' ( (* (* &% &% (* &% &% ^)
f]

@= Dff; ( (* (* &% &% (& &) &) &))

#= Ef6df ( (* (* &% &% (& &% &% –
;

$= rgf ( (* (* &% &% (& &% &% !)))

%= d'Ë ( (* (* &% &% (& &) &) !@)

^= Jff]l8 ( (* (* &% &% (& &) &) &))

&= /x/ ( (* (* &% &% (& &) &) #))

*= Tfg] !) (* (* &% &% (& &) &) –
jf]8L

(= s]/f !) (* (* &% &% (& &) &) ())
p

!)= l3p !) (* (* &% &% (& &) &) &))
l;dL

-u_ ;fukft ;d'x

Go'gtd Go'gtd si[ fs:t/

lapsf] z'4tf lapsf] oyfy{ oyfy{ df lapsf]
-%_ pdf/zltm - ;+s]tkq Go'gtd pdf/zlt
;+st] kq
clwst %_ df df lap m
d x'gk' g{] kl/If0fsf]
qm ljleG x'gk' g{] Go'gtd df
=;+ g lr:ofg lapsf] xg' k' g]{ nfUfL
Go'gtd pdf/zl pdf/z rflgg]
= jfnL -%_ d'n tmL Go'gtd
ljp Kf|dfl0f d'n Kfd| fl0f lapsf] tm dfqf -Gm
t ljp ljp z4' tf
t
ljp -%_ -%_ -%_ _

!= Kffn'Ëf] ( (^ (^ ^% ^% (% ^% ^% @%

@= /fof] ( (* (* &% &% (& &% &% $
;fu