RICE MACHINERY OPERATIONS NC II Pre – Operational Activities (BLOWBAGETS) B – ATTERY B – RAKE T - IRE L – IGHT A – IR S - AFETY O – IL G - AS W – ATER E – NGINE LAND PREPARATION – is the process of preparing the soil to provide a favorable soil environment for plant germination and growth. 4 Machineries used in land preparation 1. HAND TRACTOR 2. FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE TRACTOR 3. TWO-WHEEL DRIVE TRACTOR 4. MUDBOAT TILLER – PARA SA LAWOM NGA BASAKAN / ARON DILI MALUBONG TILLAGE – is the process of mechanically altering some physical characteristics of the soil for it to be ideal for growing crops. Ang pagbungkal sa yuta gamit ang makinarya. 2 Major Types of Tillage 1. PRIMARY TILLAGE – UNANG PAGBUNGKAL 2. SECONDARY TILLAGE – IKADUHANG PAGBUNGKAL Primary Tillage Implements: Secondary Tillage Implements 1. MOLDBOARD PLOW 1. ROTAVATOR 2. DISC PLOW 2. SPIKE TOOTH HARROW 3. TRAILING TINE PLOW 3. DISC HARROW 4. OFFSET DISC FOR 4 – WHEEL TRACTOR 4. TINE CULTIVATOR Why good land preparation is important? Nganong importante man ang maayo nga pagpreparar sa yuta? PARA EQUAL ANG DISTRIBUTION SA FERTILIZER PARA MAAYU ANG PAGTUBO SA TANUM PARA MINUS ANG SAGBUT SA BASAKAN What is the main purpose of good land preparation? PARA I-ANDAM ANG YUTA NGA MAGING FAVORABLE NGA ENVIRONMENT PARA SA PLANT GERMINATION AND GROWTH. GI PREPARER ANG YUTA PARA SA MAAYONG PAGTUBO SA TANUM (HUMAY) Root Antorage (Prone sa lodging) REASON NGANONG DALI MATUMBA TUNGOD KAY OVER FERTILIZATION ESPECIALLY NITROGEN. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE METHOD OF LAND PREPARATION: 1. WATER SUPPLY Pangutana: Unsa may timailhan nga ang yuta ready na for tilling? TUBAG: SAKTO NA ANG KABASA/MOISTURE CONTENT SA YUTA Pangutana: Unsa may sakto kabasa sa yuta? TUBAG: NAAY GITAWAG NGA FEEL METHOD. INIG KUMOT NIMO SA YUTA NAAY MOTULO PERO DILI NA MABUNGKAG ANG YUTA. ANG FEEL METHOD NAAY MORE OR LESS 30-40 % ANG MOISTURE CONTENT.
2. CROP ESTABLISHMENT SYSTEM SRI – System of Rice Intensification - 1 ruler distance (30 cm) 3. POWER RESOURCES 4. COST AND SUSTAINABILITY 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL What is the most important PPE during land preparation? BOOTS What are the different patterns used in land preparation? CIRCUITOUS, ONE WAY, HEADLAND CROP ESTABLISMENT 2 Varietes of Rice Seedling HYBRID RICE INBRED RICE What is the average number of days in seedling ready for transplanting? 12 TO 15 DAYS What is the average number of seeds per seedling tray? 450 – 500 SEEDS What are the 2 methods of rice transplanting? MANUAL MECHANICAL What are the 2 types of self-propelled rice transplanter? WALK-BEHIND RICE TRANSPLANTER RIDING-TYPE RICE TRANSPLANTER 3 Major Parts of Mechanical Transplanter ENGINE TRANSPLANTING MECHANISM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM What is the most important part of mechanical rice transplanter? PLANTING FORK What are the equipments involved in rice crop establishments? MECHANICAL SEEDER SELF-PROPELLED RICE TRANSPLANTER DRUM SEEDER What are the differences between walk-behind and riding-type rice transplanter? NUMBER OF ROWS – WALK BEHIND (4 ROWS), RIDING TYPE (6 ROWS) FIELD EFFICIENCY – WALK BEHIND (1-1.5 HECTARES/DAY), RIDING TYPE (4 - 5 HECTARES/DAY) PRICE – MAS MAHAL ANG RIDING TYPE SA WALK BEHIND WALK - BEHIND IS FOR LAWOM NGA AREA WHILE RIDING – TYPE IS FOR LOW LYING AREAS
How do you discharge the seedling using drum seeder? ADJUSTMENT KNOB How do you measure the efficiency of rice transplanter? TAN-AWON ANG IYANG AGI OR OUTPUT KUNG NAKASUNOD BA ANG KALAWMON, KADAGHANUN UG DISTANSYA (DEPTH, DENSITY, DISTANCE) UNYA WALA PUD LAKTAW What is the proper way of pulling seedlings? MAY SAKTONG KABASA ANG YUTA What is the average distance between hills sa rice transplanter? 15 – 20 – 25 What are the two types of seedbed preparation? DAPOG SYSTEM TRADITIONAL TYPE SYSTEM CROP CARE What are the machineries involved in Crop Care? KNAPSACK SPRAYER GRASSCUTTER / WEEDER FERTILIZER APPLICATOR WATER PUMP Parts of KNAPSACK SPRAYER 1. NOZZLE: FLATHEAD MULTIHOLE 11. CUP 2. LANCE 12. STRAINER 3. HANDLE/HANDLE GRIP 13. RUBBER 4. CONTROL VALVE 14. AIR CYLINDER 5. HOSE 15. ARM 6. TANK 7. BASE 8. PUMP HANDLE 9. SHOULDER STRAP 10.PUMP CYLINDER Parts of GRASSCUTTER 1. BLADE (MOST IMPORTANT PART) 2. BODY STRAP 3. HANDLE 4. ENGINE What is the average height of water in rice paddy after transplanting? 2 – 3 CM What is the nozzle used in spraying pesticides? MULTIHOLE FLATHEAD NOZZLE – para daghan ang discharge Two types of Water Pump CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – “CENTRIFUGE” EX. MAGBUHO UG BOMBA ABOUT 20 FT. SUBMERSIBLE PUMP – “SUBMIRGE”
What situation you can say that the water pump and engine is not compatible? HINAY ANG DISCHARGE SA TUBIG DAKO RA ANG MAKINA How to clean knapsack sprayer? CLEAN WITHY SOAP THEN MANGITA UG SAFETY AREA NGA LAYU SA CANAL OR IRRIGATION MAS MAAYO ADTO SA KASAGBUTAN What is the average number of tanks load per hectare when applying foliar fertilizer? 10 – 12 TANKS What are the factors that affect in applying foliar fertilizer? PACING (180 DEGREES) SPRAYS SWATH SOIL TYPE What is the best time to apply foliar fertilizer together with insecticide? LATE IN THE AFTERNOON What is the best time to spray fungicide / bacteriacide? 9 oclock in the morning Major Types of Fertilizer Application MANUAL – BASAL APPLICATION (MULABOG NGA WALA PAY TANUM) MECHANICAL – DRONE APPLICATION What is the right time of withdrawing water in the rice field? 2 WEEKS BEFORE HARVESTING Why is it important to remove weeds in the rice paddy? SANITATION TO AVOID COMPETITION OF WATER, FERTILIZER, AND SUNLIGHT How do you turn off the water pump? DECREASE THE SPEED OF ACCELERATOR REMOVE THE INTAKE HOSE What are the proper procedures in spraying pesticides? COMPLETE PPE APPLY 180 DEGREES IN SPRAYING DO NOT SPRAY AGAINST THE WINDS How do you prime your water pump? MANUAL AND SELF PRIMING What is Fertigation? SAME TIME OF APPLICATION OF WATER AND FERTILIZER Does the variety of rice affect the transplanter? DILI MAKAAPEKTO TUNGOD KAY FIXED NA ANG ADJUSTMENT HYBRID – 12 DAYS OLD, INBRED – 15 DAYS OLD What is the remedy of knapsack sprayer? DEPENDE SA LEAKAGE UG DILI NA MATABANG MUPALIT UG BAG-O
Why is smoking prohibited during spraying? PARA DILI MALANGHAP ANG BAHO SA MEDISINA HARVESTING & TRESHING What is harvesting? CUTTING OF RICE STRAW TO RICE STALK What are the two methods of harvesting? MANUAL & MECHANICAL What is threshing? SEPARATION OF RICE GRAIN FROM RICE STRAW What are the parts of Combine Harvester? ENGINE, CUTTER BAR, REELS, AUGER, CONVEYOR, TRESHING CYLINDER, BLOWER, GRAIN TANK, DISCHARGE FAN What are the parts of mechanical reaper? ENGINE, HANDLE, TIRE, CUTTER, MAIN SHIFT LEVER, CUTTING BLADE, CONVEYOR GUIDE What is the field efficiency of mechanical reaper and combine harvester? MECHANICAL RICE REAPER: 1 – 1.5 HECTARES / DAY RICE COMBINE HASVESTER: 4 – 5 HECTARES / DAY What is the process of harvesting using combine rice harvester? CUTTING, CONVEYING, TRESHING, SEPARATING, CLEANING, GRAIN COLLECTING What is the most important PPE in harvesting? GOOGLES What is/are the causes of black smoke in machines? CHOKE, MALUBONG, ENGINE FAILURE Unsay timailhan nga ang rice combine harvester perform well? DILI TAHUPON DRYING What is drying? IS THE REMOVAL OF EXCESS MOISTURE FOR SAFE STORAGE. Purposes of grain drying: MILLING & STORAGE Why do we need to clean the dryer after used? TO MAINTAIN PURITY FOR MARKETING PURPOSES Methods of Drying: SOLAR & MECHANICAL
Types of Mechanical Dryer: BATH TYPE – EX. FLAT BED DRYER CONTINOUS FLOW – EX. RECIRCULATING Parts of Mechanical Dryer BLOWER BURNER ENGINE CONVEYOR Most important parts of Mechanical Dryer BURNER & BLOWER What is the average percentage of moisture reduction every 1 hour mechanical drying? 1 – 2 % In every 1% reduction is equivalent to 1 year storage DRY SEASON – 18-20% WET SEASON – 32-35% Base Line 14% - MILLING 12% - STORAGE Example: Naay initial nga 22% nga MC sa humay. 22 – 14 = 8 hours of operation FOR MILLING 22 – 12 = 10 hours of operation FOR STORAGE When palay is harvested in 24% moisture content, how many hours do we need to dry it? 10 HOURS FOR MILLING 12 HOURS FOR STORAGE How to measure the heat of mechanical dryer? USING INDUSTRIAL THERMOMETER Most important PPE in operating Mechanical Dryer. GLOVES What is the advantage of mobile drying? LESSEN THE POST HARVEST LOSSES ESPECIALLY RAINY DAYS DILI NA HASOL SA PART SA FARMERS KAY DILI NA MO BIYAHE Benefits of Drying: DRYING IS ONE WAY OF INCREASING INCOME BY REDUCING LOSSES (QUALITY AND QUANTITY TIMELY AND PROPER DRYING OF GRAIN COULD AVOID LOSSES IN QUALITY AND QUANTITY Forms of losses due to delay of improper drying: DISCOLORATION LOSS OF SEED VIABILITY REDUCED MILLING RECOVERY ALTERED TEXTURE AND TASTE SPILLAGE PRICE REDUCTION
MILLING – SEPARATE THE RICE GRAIN FROM RICE HULL. What is the process of milling? PRE – CLEANING WHITENING HUSKING POLISHING HUSK ASPIRATION SIFTING PADDY SEPARATION GRADING D – STONING BAGGING Type of Polisher STONE POLISHER Types of Rice Mill SINGLE PASS MULTI PASS What is the difference between the two? SINGLE PASS USA LANG ANG AGAIN WHILE MULTI PASS DAGHAN ANG AGAIN What are the different parts of Rice Grain HULL, BRAN LAYER, & ENDOSPERM What is the output of palay if under dried and over dried? OVER DRIED – DUGMOK ANG BUGAS UNDER DRIED – DAGHAN ANG TIPASE KAY BASA – BASA What is milling recovery? ANG MAHIMONG BUGAS AFTER MILLING How many percent is the average and standard recovery? 65 % - AVERAGE 68 – 70% - STANDARD Factors that matter in achieving the average and standard milling recovery: KLASE SA HUMAY – SHORT / LONG GRAIN DRYNESS KLASE SA GALINGAN – SINGLE / MULTI PASS Spillage – mga nausik nga humay after milling Different types of rice: BROWN RICE PINK RICE BLACK RICE YELLOW RICE RED RICE VIOLET RICE Do the types of grain affect the milling recovery? NO, BECAUSE OF THE FIXED ADJUSTMENT How do you know that your mill is in good condition? MILLING RECOVERY – 68-70% QUALITY SA PALAY