English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Comparison of English and Tagalog Morphology Rhona I. Gutierrez Joyce D. Sarabosquez MODULE 2
Developing Schema PRE-TEST English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Test I. Use the word in the parenthesis to form a new word that fits into each blank. 1. I had problems coping with the _________ in Central Africa. (HUMID) a. unhumid b. humidity c. humidness d. humidable 2. An ___________ of mine works at the department store. (ACQUAINT) a. acquaintance c. aquaintness b. acquiantable d. acquiantment 3. The doctor said that the athlete's __________ would take months. (RECOVER) a. recoverable c. recoverness b. recoverment d. recovery 4. What are the function words used in the sentence below? "I wrote a letter to my friend". a. wrote, I, a c. I, a, to, my b. wrote, letter, friend d. letter, friend, my 5. What is the blended word used in the sentence below? " I ate my brunch a while ago". a. ate b. while c. brunch d. ago
Developing Schema PRE-TEST English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language A morpheme that carries the content or meaning of the messages. 1. A. Derivational C. Functional B. Inflectional D. Lexical 2. Refers to a morpheme that includes conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. A. Derivational C. Functional B. Inflectional D. Lexical 3. Which of the following supplied the appropriate allomorph for the word "patay"? A. pangpatay C. pampatay B. pang-patay D. panpatay 4. A general term used to refer to morphemes that must be attached to a word. A. Free C. Functional B. Bound D. Lexical 5. A morpheme that can stand alone as own word. A. Free C. Derivational B. Bound D. Inflectional Test II. Read and analyze each question then choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
Define morphology Compare the nature of English and Tagalog morphology Identify content words and function words in sentences Analyze morphological processes involved in word formations. Conduct morphological analysis Aiming for Competencies English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language
English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Introduction Rhona I. Gutierrez Joyce D. Sarabosquez MODULE 2 This module entails the comparison of English and Tagalog morphology. It examines the nature of morphemes, word types, and morphological processes in both languages. It will provide an overview of how words in the previously mentioned languages behave allomorphically. The second module will focus on guiding readers towards understanding the function and application of common affixes in English and Filipino. It also aims to enhance and deepen understanding of sentences by providing clear differences among content and function words.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language English Morphology As defined by Aronoff and Fudeman 2004, morphology in linguistics refers to the study of the internal structure and formation of words. The smallest meaningful component of a word is called a morpheme. Each word has its own distinct meaning and can be used to construct sentences. While a word can stand alone, a morpheme "may or may not be able to stand alone, " which is the main difference between the two. -s as in cat+s -ed as in crumb+ed un- as in un+happy mis- as in mis-fortune -er as in teach+er Morphemes can be either single words (free morphemes) or parts of words (bound morphemes). A free morpheme can stand alone as its own word. For example: gentle, father, license, picture and gem. While a bound morpheme only occurs as part of a word. For example: Free Morphemes
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language There are two categories of free morphemes namely: lexical and functional morphemes. Lexical morphemes carry the content or meaning of the messages that we convey. Those morphemes are having meaning by themselves (almost similar to content words). For example: follow, strange, look, fine, current, etc. Lexical morpheme is the word category which includes verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Functional/Grammatical morphemes are the morphemes that do not carry the content of the message, but rather help the grammar of the sentence function (almost similar to functional words). For example: of the grammatical morpheme : and when, ahead , on, that, if, them, near etc. Grammatical morpheme is the word category which includes conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. Bound Morphemes Morphemes that must be attached as word parts are said to be bound. These are the morpheme which cannot occur alone and do not have meaning in isolation. And if they are added to the bases they get meaning. Bound morphemes or dependent morphemes depend on free morphemes for having their own meaning. All suffixes and prefixes are bound morphemes. Bound morphemes are considerers to be two types: a. Inflectional morpheme b. Derivational morpheme
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Inflectional Morphemes are morphemes do not create separate words. They merely modify the word in which they occur in order to indicate grammatical properties such as plurality, as the {-s} of magazines does, or past tense, as the {ed} of barbecued does. The Eight Inflectional Morphemes of English Derivational Morphemes are the morphemes that transform words into different grammatical categories from the root word (a free morpheme). These morphemes transform words into different parts of speech. Below are some of origins of derivational morphemes. Note: In Filipino morphology, inflections include "nag-" as in nag-aral, nagtapos, nagtakbuhan and "-um" in kumain, tumakbo, and sumalok.
Some examples of Anglo-Saxon Morphemes Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Some examples of Anglo-Saxon Morphemes DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE WORD TYPES The derivational suffixes below are all derivational morphemes, and most indicate the word type (noun, adjective, verb, adverb). Many change the root/base word into another word type (see examples below).
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Compounding Is a class of morphology where two free morphemes (which have no syntactic similarity) are combined to form an entirely new word with its own meaning. lifetime basketball cannot fireworks inside upside footpath English bahaghari bahaykubo hampaslupa Filipino (Tambalan) Word and Morpheme: ROOT, STEM and BASE ‘Root’ , ‘stem’ and ‘base’ are all terms used in the literature to designate that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed. A root is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme.
Roots are also bases. A base may contain affixes, a root cannot. All roots are bases, but not all bases are roots. Roots are monomorphemic. For many words in English, root = base = stem For Example- ‘Workers’ is made up of Work + er + s. So, in this case ‘work’ will be the root because we get it after removing all the affixes. In the Tagalog word takbo (v. 'run') wherein takbo can no longer be reduced further because there are no present affixes. A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. A stem is what is left behind when the inflectional affixes are removed. In the form untouchables, the only inflectional affix is plural -s, and when that is removed, the stem left behind is untouchable. In the form touched the stem is touch; In the form wheelchairs the stem is wheelchair. In the word tumakbo (v. 'ran'), the infix /-um-/ was added to modify the stem takbo's tense. A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base. Given the word takbuhan (n. 'a run'), /-han/ is the affix attached to the base word takbo which is also a root word. Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Content Words Content words are words that have meaning. They are words we would look up in a dictionary, such as "lamp, " "computer, " "drove." They carry the most meaning and they typically receive more stress in sentences. New content words are constantly added to the English language; old content words constantly leave the language as they become obsolete. Therefore, we refer to content words as an "open" class.
Malayang Morpema/ Morpemang salitang-ugat (free morpheme) It refers to the word that stands alone and has meaning. It is also known as "salitang-ugat" or root word in Filipino. This includes words like takbo, awit, unan, tubig balde, and ulan. Di-Malayang Morpema/ Morpemang panlapi (bound morpheme) Also called grammatical morpheme because these morphemes transform word structures and implies a new meaning when attached. Notice the affix attached which gives the word "tabas" a new meaning. 1. 2. Prefix mag + root word = magtabas Infix um + root word = tumabas Suffix in + root word = tabasin These are the morphemes that cannot occur alone and have no meaning by themselves. 3. Morpemang Leksikal (Content Words) -May tiyak na kahulugan at kabilang dito ang mga pangngalan, panghalip, pandiwa, pang-uri at pangabay. Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Filipino Language Morphology
5. Morpemang Ponema /a/ at /o/- Binubuo lamang ng ponemang /o/ at /a/ na may kahulugang taglay na nagpapakita ng kasarian. Halimbawa : –Gobernador - Gobernadora –Konsehal - Konsehala –Kapitan - Kapitana –Abogado - Abogada Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Filipino Language Morphology Ang nang, si, sa at mga ay walang tiyak na kahulugan subalit ito ay nag-uugnay sa mga morpemang leksikal na Pedro, kaklase, naghihintay at pagkatagal-tagal upang magkaroon ng kahulugan ang pangungusap. Naghihintay nang pagkatagal-tagal si Pedro sa kanyang mga kaklase. 4. Morpemang Pangkayarian (Function Words) - Walang tiyak na kahulugan at kailangang makita sa isang kayarian o konteksto ang mga ito upang magkaroon ng kahulugan. Halimbawa: Inflectional - Where affixes and other morphological changes are applied to a word in order to modify the root word's tense, case, plurality, or voice. A word "tapos" ("finish can have its tense modified into past-tense by adding /na-/_ as a prefix and forming the word "natapos". Derivational - Where affixes and other morphological changes are applied to a word in order to change its syntactic category from which the root belongs. An affix such as /taga-/ can transform "tapos" into "taga-tapos". Compounding - Where two entirely different words (which have no syntactic similarity) are concatenated to form an entirely new word with its own meaning. 1. 2. 3. Classes of Morphology
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Filipino Language Allomorphs A morpheme with a same meaning and function can also have varying pronunciation or spelling such as the suffix /-ed/ in fished and spotted wherein both words used /-ed/ to signify past tense but are pronounced differently. These variations of morphemes are called allomorphs or variants that are common in languages such as English and are usually dictated by the ends of a base word. In Filipino language, the affix "pang-" has three variants or allomorphs which are pam-, panand pang-. Ang panlaping "pang" ay nagiging "pam-" kung ang katabing tunog ay nagsisimula sa /p/ at /b/ 1.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language 2. Nagiging "pang-" naman kung ang katabing tunog ay nagsisimula sa k,g, ng, w, y,h, at a,e,i,o,u. Kapag nagsisimula sa patinig ang salitang idurugtong sa "pang-" ang gitling ay idinaragdag. 3. Nagiging "pan-" ito kung ang katabing tunog ay nagsisimula sa d, l, r, s, at t.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Common Filipino Language Affixes
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Comparison of English and Filipino
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Function Word Function words are the words we use to make our sentences grammatically correct. Pronouns, determiners, and prepositions, and auxiliary verbs are examples of function words. If our function words are missing or used incorrectly, we are probably considered poor speakers of English, but our listener would probably still get the main idea of what we are saying. Since function words don't give us the main information, we don't usually want or need to do anything to give them added attention and the words remain unstressed. In addition, sometimes we do things to deliberately push function words into the background... almost the opposite of stressing. Function words help us connect important information. Function words are important for understanding, but they add little meaning beyond defining the relationship between two words. Function words include auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and pronouns. Auxiliary verbs are used to establish the tense, prepositions show relationships in time and space, articles show us something that is specific or one of many, and pronouns refer to other nouns. Example: What do you think about the black shirt? The highlighted words are the function words in a sentence.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Salitang Pangkayarian (Function word) Mga Pang-ugnay (Connectives) Ito ay ginagamit bilang pangngalang pambalana (common noun) Ito ay ginagamit na pantukoy sa ngalan ng tanging tao (proper noun). 1. a. Pangatnig (conjunction) - mga salitang nag-uugnay ng dalawang salita, parirala o sugnay. Ang mga halimbawa nito ay sapagkat, at, raw, pati. b. Pang-angkop (ligature) - mga katagang idinudugtong sa pagitan ng dalawang salita upang maging kaaya-aya ang pagbigkas. Ang ma halimbawa nito ay na, -ng at -g. c. Pang-ukol (preposition) - mga salitang nag-uugnay sa isang pangngalan sa iba pang salita. Halimbawa: Ang mga donasyong ibinigay ng mga pulitiko ay para sa mga nasunugan. Halibawa: Ang librong kaniyang binabasa ay ukol kay Imelda Marcos. d. Padamdam - mga salitang nagdadamdam ng malakas na emosyon. Ang ma halimbawa nito ay hoy, wow, grabe. 2. Mga Pananda (markers) a. Pantukoy (article/determiner) - mga salitang laging nanunguna sa pangngalan o panghalip. Ang mga halimbawa ay ang, ang mga. b. Pangawing o Pangawil (linking o copulative verb) - salitang nagkakawing ng paksa o simuno (subject) at panaguri (predicate). Ang halimbawa nito ay salitang ay.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Word Formation Affixation: Attaching prefix or suffix or both into the Root Word is called affixation. Un (prefix)- Unbound, Ly (Suffix)- Lovely. Looking more closely at the preceding group of words, we can see that some affixes have to be added to the beginning of the word (e.g. un-, mis-). These are called prefixes. Other affixes have to be added to the end of the word (e.g. -less, -ish) and are called suffixes. All English words formed by this derivational process have either prefixes or suffixes, or both. Thus, mislead has a prefix, disrespectful has both a prefix and a suffix, and foolishness has two suffixes. There is a third type of affix, not normally used in English, but found in some other languages. This is called an infix and, as the term suggests, it is an affix that is incorporated inside another word. It is possible to see the general principle at work in certain expressions, occasionally used in fortuitous or aggravating circumstances by emotionally aroused English speakers: Example is decolonization. Acronym: Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words. These can be forms such as CD (“compact disk”) or VCR (“video cassette recorder”) where the pronunciation consists of saying each separate letter. Word formation process is generally known as the phenomenon which is so close to human’s life in the world. According to Trask (1997), word formation process is a way to construct new words from existing materials. Meanwhile, according to Hacken and Thomas (2013), word formation process is how to produce the new words based on the some rules. Besides, Plag (2003) stated that word formation process is the process to create new words from other words. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that word formation process is the way to construct new words from the existing words based on some rules. Word formation process can be productive and non-productive. Bauer (1983) stated that word formation process will be productive if it is appropriate to use in the production of new materials. Meanwhile, the word formation process will be called as non-productive if it is not appropriate to use in the production of new materials. Therefore, it can be concluded that word formation process will be productive if it can be used to produce the new words. According to Harley (2006), new words are the words which are built by manipulating the existing words. She also stated that the new words are built by some processes which are affixation, blending, compounding which are more productive to create the new words. Here, we will explore some of the basic processes by which new words are created . 1. 2.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language More typically, acronyms are pronounced as new single words, as in NATO, NASA or UNESCO. These examples have kept their capital letters, but many acronyms simply become everyday terms such as LASER (“light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”), RADAR (“radio detecting and ranging”), SCUBA (“self-contained underwater breathing apparatus”) and ZIP (“zone improvement plan”) code. Names for organizations are often designed to have their acronym represent an appropriate term, as in “mothers against drunk driving” (MADD) and “women against rape” (WAR). Some new acronyms come into general use so quickly that many speakers do not think of their component meanings. Innovations such as the ATM (“automatic teller machine”) and the required PIN (“personal identification number”) are regularly used with one of their elements repeated, as in I sometimes forget my PIN number when I go to the ATM machine. 3. Compounding: When we conjoin or join two separate words to produce a single form, it is called compounding. Thus, Lehn and Wort are combined to produce Lehnwort in German. This combining process, technically known as compounding, is very common in languages such as German and English, but much less common in languages such as French and Spanish. Common English compounds are: Book+case= bookcase Door+knob= doorknob, Finger+print= fingerprint Sun+burn= sunburn Text+book= textbook Wall+paper=wallpaper 4. Clipping: The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the process described as clipping. This occurs when a word of more than one syllable (facsimile) is reduced to a shorter form (fax), usually beginning in casual speech. The term gasoline is still used, but most people talk about gas, using the clipped form. Other common examples: Ad- advertisement Bra- brassiere Fan- fanatic Flu- influenza Pub- public house Auto - automobile
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language 5. Borrowing: One of the most common sources of new words in English is the process simply labeled borrowing. It is the process where we take over words from other languages or simply we borrow words from other languages. (Technically, it’s more than just borrowing because English doesn’t give them back.) Throughout its history, the English language has adopted a vast number of words from other languages, including: Croissant- French Dope- Dutch Lilac- Persian Piano- Italian Pretzel- German Sofa- Arabic Tattoo- Tahitian Tycoon- Japanese 6. Abbreviation: It involves the shortening of existing words to create other words, usually informal versions of the originals. There are several ways to abbreviate. We may simply lop off one or more syllables, as in prof for professor, doc for doctor. Usually the syllable left over provides enough information to allow us to identify the word it’s an abbreviation of. Examples are the following: prof - professor doc - doctor inc - incorporated Mon - Monday Jan - January emotion + icon = emoticon motor + hotel = motel work + alcoholic = workaholic friend + enemy = frenemy stay + vacation = staycation 7. Blending: This involves taking a part of two different words to make a new word, like merging two words based on the sounds of these words. This is extremely popular in the English language, and it produces hundreds of new words every year whose meanings is a mixture of the meanings of the original words. In some cases, these are informal, but there are many that have become a natural part of standard English. Let’s see some examples:
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Pabuo ng mga Salita (Word Formation) Sa linguistics (lalo na morpolohiya at lexicology ), ang pagbubuo ng salita ay tumutukoy sa mga paraan kung saan ang mga bagong salita ay ginawa batay sa iba pang mga salita o morphemes . Tinatawag din na derivational morpolohiya . Ang pagbubuo ng salita ay maaaring magpahiwatig ng alinman sa isang estado o isang proseso, at maaari itong matingnan alinman sa diachronically (sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang mga panahon sa kasaysayan) o magkakasabay (sa isang partikular na panahon sa oras). Tingnan ang mga halimbawa at mga obserbasyon sa ibaba. Sa The Cambridge Encyclopedia ng English Language, isinulat ni David Crystal ang tungkol sa mga pormasyon ng salita: Mga Proseso ng Pagbubuo ng Salita "Bukod sa mga proseso na naglalagay ng isang bagay sa isang base ( affixation ) at mga proseso na hindi binabago ang base ( conversion ), may mga proseso na kinasasangkutan ng pagtanggal ng materyal ... Ang mga Kristiyanong pangalan ng Ingles, halimbawa, ay maaaring paikliin sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggal mga bahagi ng base word (tingnan ang 11) Ang ganitong uri ng pagbuo ng salita ay tinatawag na truncation , na may ginamit na term clipping . "Karamihan sa mga bokabularyo ng Ingles ay lumilitaw sa pamamagitan ng paggawa ng mga bagong lexemes mula sa mga lumang - alinman sa pamamagitan ng pagdaragdag ng isang affix sa dati umiiral na mga form, binabago ang kanilang klase ng salita , o pinagsasama ang mga ito upang gumawa ng mga compounds . Ang mga proseso ng konstruksiyon ay interesado sa mga grammarians pati na rin ang lexicologists . ... ngunit ang kahalagahan ng pagbuo ng salita sa pagpapaunlad ng leksikon ay pangalawang sa wala. ... Pagkatapos ng lahat, halos lahat ng lexeme, kung ang Anglo-Saxon o banyaga, ay maaaring bibigyan ng isang affix, baguhin ang kanyang klase ng salita, o Halimbawa, sa gitna ng uglo ng Anglo-Saxon na root sa kingly , mayroon tayong ugat ng Pranses sa royally at ang ugat ng Latin sa regular . Walang elitism dito. Ang proseso ng affixation, conversion, at compounding ay lahat mahusay na levelers. " (David Crystal, Ang Cambridge Encyclopedia ng Wikang Ingles , 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Bukod sa mga proseso na naglalagay ng isang bagay sa isang base ( affixation ) at mga proseso na hindi binabago ang base ( conversion ), may mga proseso na kinasasangkutan ng pagtanggal ng materyal ... Ang mga Kristiyanong pangalan ng Ingles, halimbawa, ay maaaring paikliin sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggal mga bahagi ng base word (tingnan ang 11) Ang ganitong uri ng pagbuo ng salita ay tinatawag na truncation , na may ginamit na term clipping . Nakikita rin namin ang mga tinatawag na blends , na mga pagsasama ng mga bahagi ng iba't ibang salita, tulad ng smog (o sm oke / f og ) o modem ( mo dulator / dem odulator ). Ang blends batay sa orthography ay tinatawag na mga acronym , na kung saan ay likha sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng mga unang titik ng mga compound o mga parirala sa isang pronounceable bagong salita ( NATO, UNESCO , atbp.). Ang simpleng mga pagdadaglat tulad ng UK o USA ay karaniwan din. " (Ingo Plag, Word-Formation sa Ingles . Cambridge University Press, 2003) Morphological Analysis Within the discipline of linguistics, morphological analysis refers to the analysis of a word based on the meaningful parts contained within. Some words cannot be broken down into multiple meaningful parts, but many words are composed of more than one meaningful unit. The smallest unit of meaning in a word is called a morpheme. Morphemes may be free or bound, and bound morphemes are classified as either inflectional or derivational. Language teachers often use morphological analysis to describe word-building processes to their students. In linguistics, words are broken down into the smallest units of meaning: morphemes. Morphemes can sometimes be words themselves as in the case of free morphemes, which can stand on their own. Other morphemes can add meaning but not stand as words on their own; bound morphemes need to be used along with another morpheme to make a word. Cats, for example, is a two-morpheme word. Its base, cat, is a free morpheme and its suffix an s, to denote pluralization, a bound morpheme.
Acquiring New Knowledge) English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language How to do morphological analysis (or any other kind of linguistic analysis) Morphology is the study of word formation – how words are built up from smaller pieces. When we do morphological analysis, then, we’re asking questions like, what pieces does this word have? What does each of them mean? How are they combined? In general, when you’re asked to do any sort of linguistic analysis, you’ll be given a set of data – words or sentences from some language that generally isn’t, but occasionally is, English – and asked to find patterns in it. Cree (Algonquian) t∫i:ma:n canoe nit∫i:ma:n my canoe so:niya money niso:niya my money wiya: ∫ meat niwiya: ∫ my meat How to do morphological analysis? When you don’t know anything about the language: • Find a pair of words whose English translations differ only in a single way that’s relevant to the task at hand. • Find the corresponding difference in the non-English words – often some letters will be added, or the word will be changed in some systematic other way. Making this change in the non-English word therefore produces the relevant change in the English meaning. • Check your theory: find another pair of foreign words whose English translations also differ only in this relevant way, and make sure this pair of foreign words change in the same way as the last. What is the role of morphological analysis in linguistics? It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes. Morphology also looks at parts of speech, intonation and stress, and the ways context can change a word's pronunciation and meaning.
Practicing the Skills WORKSHEET #1 English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Mary has lived in England for ten years. He's going to fly to Chicago next week. I don't understand this chapter of the book. The children will be swimming in the ocean this time next week. John had eaten lunch before his colleague arrived. The best time to study is early in the morning or late in the evening. The trees along the river are beginning to blossom. Our friends called us yesterday and asked if we'd like to visit them next month. You'll be happy to know that she's decided to take the position. I won't give away your secret. Decide which words are function and content words in the following sentences. Underline once the content word and underline twice the function word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Practicing the Skills WORKSHEET #2 English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Use the word in the parenthesis to form a new word that fits into each blank. 1. The ____________ of the Premier League has been agreed upon by all the managers. (CONTINUE) 2. I am so __________ with your report. Surely, you can do better. (SATISFY) 3. Lewis and Clarke were famous _________ who explored the Missouri River.(ADVENTURE) 4. The faster you drive the less _____________ your car becomes. (ECONOMY) 5. The ____________ lasted for several minutes when the performers came on the stage. (APPLAUD) 6. If they hadn't won the ____________, they would have had to pay the players less.(CHAMPION) 7. John was a big ______________ who spent all his money in casinos. (GAMBLE) 8. You should be proud of your ______________ over the last three years. (ACHIEVE) 9. She always does her homework with great ____________. (ACCURATE) 10.The city displays a relaxed, ____________ atmosphere that takes you back in time. (COLONY)
For each word, consider whether the word has an inflectional or derivational morpheme added. Place an ‘X’ mark under either inflectional or derivational. Then identify the individual morphemes in each word. The first one has been completed for you. Practicing the Skills WORKSHEET #3 English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language
Look at the following list of words in the table and tick (✔️) either lexical or functional. Practicing the Skills WORKSHEET #4 English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language
Test your knowledge POST-TEST English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Test I. Use the word in the parenthesis to form a new word that fits into each blank. 1. I had problems coping with the _________ in Central Africa. (HUMID) a. unhumid b. humidity c. humidness d. humidable 2. An ___________ of mine works at the department store. (ACQUAINT) a. acquaintance c. aquaintness b. acquiantable d. acquiantment 3. The doctor said that the athlete's __________ would take months. (RECOVER) a. recoverable c. recoverness b. recoverment d. recovery 4. What are the function words used in the sentence below? "I wrote a letter to my friend". a. wrote, I, a c. I, a, to, my b. wrote, letter, friend d. letter, friend, my 5. What is the blended word used in the sentence below? " I ate my brunch a while ago". a. ate b. while c. brunch d. ago
Test your knowledge POST-TEST English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language A morpheme that carries the content or meaning of the messages. 1. A. Derivational C. Functional B. Inflectional D. Lexical 2. Refers to a morpheme that includes conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. A. Derivational C. Functional B. Inflectional D. Lexical 3. Which of the following supplied the appropriate allomorph for the word "patay"? A. pangpatay C. pampatay B. pang-patay D. panpatay 4. A general term used to refer to morphemes that must be attached to a word. A. Free C. Functional B. Bound D. Lexical 5. A morpheme that can stand alone as own word. A. Free C. Derivational B. Bound D. Inflectional Test II. Read and analyze each question then choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
Answer Key English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language B A D C C Pre-Test and Post-Test Test I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. D C C B A Test II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Worksheet 1 continuation 6. championship dissatisfied 7. gambler adventurer 8. achievement economical 9. accuracy applause 10. colonial Worksheet 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Answer Key English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4
References English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language Aronoff, Mark & Fudeman, Kirsten. (2004). What is morphology?. A.(2015, January 7). Difference Between Word and Morpheme. Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-word-and-vs-morpheme/ A. (2021, August 17). morphology definition| types | function of morpheme. Englishfn. https://www.englishfn.com/morphology-definition-types-function-of-morpheme/ Aligarh Muslim University. (n.d.). https://old.amu.ac.in/emp/studym/99994842.pdf Banjar, S. Y. (n.d.). LANE 333- WORDS. http://wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com/2012_04_16_archive.html Cheng, Charibeth & See, Solomon. (2023). The Revised Wordframe Model for the Filipino Language. Gatdula, H. (n.d.). Morphology of tagalog. https://www.slideshare.net/ry28/morphology-of-tagalog C. (n.d.-a). MORPOLOHIYA. https://www.slideshare.net/clauds0809/morpolohiya-48525606 Makati Science High School. (n.d.). Alomorp ng morpema. https://www.slideshare.net/luvy15/alomorp-ngmorpema Giordano, A. (2015, February 27). Lexical, Functional, Derivational, and Inflectional Morphemes. www.eslbasics.com. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://www.eslbasics.com/blog/studentposts/lexical-functional-derivational-and-inflectional-morphemes/ L. (n.d.). Morphology and Tagalog · Morphinas: A Tagalog Morphological Analyzer System. https://enzlaur.gitbooks.io/morphinas-a-tagalog-morphological-analyzer-system/content/tagalogmorphology.html M. (n.d.-b). FIL1-Morpema. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/doc/66013659/FIL1-Morpema Komunikasyon at Linggwistika. (n.d.). Google Books. https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=vbaqC_7FXNsC Morphology (2) Dr. Ansa Hameed. (2017, July 9). https://slideplayer.com/slide/4697353/ N. (n.d.-d). Tools for Clear Speech. https://tfcs.baruch.cuny.edu/content-and-function-words/ PARTS OF SPEECH. (n.d.). https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/ptsspch.htm Y. (n.d.-e). Ang Morpolohiya at ang Morpema. http://siningngfilipino.blogspot.com/2012/09/ang-morpolohiyaat-ang-morpema.html
References English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language https://www.thoughtco.com/content-and-function-words-1211726 https://blog.weareteacherfinder.com/blog/content-functionwords/ https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~pjh/sem1a5/pt2/pt2_intro_morphol ogy.html https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresour ces/discipline/english/literacy/readingviewing/Pages/litfocusword morph.aspx https://www.filipinopod101.com/blog/2020/08/07/filipino-wordorder/ https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/morphologicalanalysis https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~pjh/sem1a5/pt2/pt2_intro_morphol ogy.html https://www.theclassroom.com/parts-speech-tagalog8063879.html https://etech511ckp20172018.wordpress.com/2017/10/01/gramarat-linggwistika/ https://old.amu.ac.in/emp/studym/99999199.pdf https://www.academia.edu/2196645/Analysis_on_Filipino_Langu age_Morphemes https://people.umass.edu/moiry/morphology.pdf https://tl.eferrit.com/mga-uri-ng-pagbubuo-ng-salita-sa-ingles/ https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/la-consolacionuniversity-philippines/educational-leadership/en1110-linguisticsword-formation-morphology-seminar-exercises/23372353
Rhona Gutierrez is a Filipino public teacher assigned at Paagahan Integrated National High School in Mabitac, Laguna Philippines. She has 3 years of teaching experience and co-authored linguistic research published on the International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. She has a degree in Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English. Joyce D. Sarabosquez is a graduate of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English. She has 3 years of teaching experience in a private school. Currently a substitute teacher in DepEd Infanta Quezon. Author's Information English 205: Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language