KOLEJ MATRIKULASI MELAKA KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA 78400 MASJ ID TANAH, MELAKA TOPIC THEME PRESENT TO BOY WHO CHOCKED HIS YOUNGER BROTHER TO DEATH WAS THE VICTIM OF BULLIES SOCIAL ISSUES MADAM KHADIJAH BINTI MOHAMMAD PATA MATRICS NUMBER MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN AIMAN BIN ABDUL RASHID NUR AMALINA SOFEA BINTI NOOR AZMAN MS2311170148 MS2311170488 ADRIANA BATRISYA BINTI YUSOF MS2311170268 ERWINNIA DARLENE ANAK OLIVER CHRISTY MS2311170798 NAME PRACTICUM : DATE OF SUBMIT : HD1P5 SEPTEMBER 2023
NO. CONTENT PAGES 1 WHAT IS BULLYING PERCENTAGE OF BULLIED STUDENTS FOUR TYPES OF BULLYING SIX KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLYING PART 1 : BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE ISSUE 1-4 2 OPINIONS REACTIONS COMPARISON COMMMENTARY CAUSES AND EFFECTS PART 2(A): PERSONAL RESPONSES TO THE ISSUE 5-11 3 SUGGESTIONS SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDATION PREDICTION PART 2(B): OVERCOMING THE ISSUES 12-17 4 PART 3: CONCLUSION 18 5 REFERENCES 19-21
First & foremost, bullying is the use of -2022 force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. Furthermore, bullying can be done individually or by a group, called mobbing, in which the bully may have one or more followers who are willing to assist the primary bully. Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. 1 PART 1 : BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE ISSUE What is bullying ?
Percentage of Bullied Students From this statistic , we know that students 12-18 years old who reported being bullied in 2022 identified the following power imbalance in favor of the student who bullied them which are the ability to influence what other student think of you, socially more popular, physically bigger and strong, have more money and more power in another way. 2022 2
PHYSICAL CYBER Physical bullying is any bullying that hurts someone's body or damages their possessions. Stealing, shoving, hitting, fighting, and intentionally destroying someone's property are types of physical bullying. FOUR TYPES OF BULLYING Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person. When an adult is involved, it may meet the definition of cyber-harassment or cyberstalking, a crime that can have legal consequences and involve jail time. This includes bullying by use of email, instant messaging, social media websites (such as Facebook), text messages, and cell phones. It is any behaviour which degrades someone, singles someone out using sexual language, gestures or violence, and victimising someone for their appearance. Sexual bullying is also pressured to act promiscuously and to act in a way that makes others uncomfortable. Derogatory name-calling and nicknaming Spreading rumors or lying about someone Mocking someone's voice or style of speaking Laughing at someone This is any bullying that is conducted by speaking, other use of the voice, or some form of body language and does not involve any physical contact. Bullying usually begins at this stage and includes any of the following: VERBAL SEXUAL 3
The use of technology to bully is out ofcontrol: emails, phone calls, texting, use ofsocial media such as Facebook, Vine, Instagram, and other apps. Internetcommunications are 24/7. The bully issometimes anonymous, and always behindthe device so they are emboldened to act. Itis more difficult to intervene incyberbullying until after the damage isdone. Bullies often consider one’s race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and disability to select targets. As well, almost any real or imaged difference can be used as an excuse to bully. Bullying hurts and keeps on hurting. Studies have shown that the target and the bullies may suffer depression, humiliation, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), anxiety about attending school, and other emotional injuries. Some contemplate suicide. Everyone is harmed by bullying behavior. Bullying interferes with learning in our schools. One or more young people choose to bully a single or many other students. The target is not to blame. Bullies are responsible for their actions. Bullying is not simple or innocent play. It is not fun for the target and many peers who are watching the behaviors. Generally, the bully seeks domination and control over the target, as well as witnesses and bystanders. Physical bullying includes hitting, slugging, kicking, pushing, shoving, pulling, and restraining the target. Name- calling, insults, belittling, taunting, gossiping, and threatening are examples of verbal bullying. On the rise is sexual bullying: sexual name-calling, comments about the target’s appearance, and uninvited touching. SIX KEY CHARACTHERISTICS OF BULLYING 4
PART 2(A): PERSONAL RESPONSES ON THE ISSUE opinions/ reactions/ commentary/causes&effects 5
Why Where How When From my point of view, bullying is wrong and dangerous because we can’t know the consequences for the victim. As everyone knows , there are many things that bullying might cause to people. And some of it leads to Suicide. As a bully yourself, when you bully a person and that act you did cause anxiety, depression, or illness, and that leads to Suicide. NUR AMALINA SOFEA BINTI NOOR AZMAN MS2311170488 ADRIANA BATRISYA BINTIYUSOF MS2311170268 Personally , i think bullying is when someone being hurt by actions or words on purpose . It can affect both the bully and the one who gets bullied . Therefore bullying can cause someone depression , anxiety , loneliness and trauma . From my point of view , bullying is a action that could lead to someone death especially for student who are young.It make them feel less safe and does not matter to anyone. As society it is our job to help them and ban bullying and safe life ERWINNIA DARLENE ANAK OLIVER CHRISTY MS2311170148 In my opinion, i think bullying is not just a schoolyard problem but it's a societal issue that demands our attention and action. To combat bullying effectively, we should focus on fostering empathy and understanding from a young age. Schools can play a crucial role in implementing anti-bullying programs that promote kindness, tolerance, and emotional intelligence. Additionally, parents, teachers, and communities should work together to create safe spaces where victims of bullying feel supported and empowered to speak up. OPINIONS OPINIONS MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN AIMAN BIN ABDUL RASHID MS2311170798 6
Bullying often undermines a victim's self-confidence and self-worth. They may begin to believe the negative things said about them, leading to low self-esteem and a poor self-image. REACTIONS Victims often live in fear of the bully or of future bullying incidents. This fear can be paralyzing and affect their daily life. Victims may become increasingly angry and frustrated, both at the bullies and at themselves for not being able to stop the bullying. These emotions can lead to outbursts or aggression in some cases. Bullying can negatively impact a victim's performance at school or work. They may have difficulty concentrating, leading to lower grades or job performance. 7
COMPARISON Bullies, they are the ones who cause Violence, the ones who are aggressive. They are the ones who are selfish, rude, disrespectful, and having no feelings of empathy towards others. There are reasons why bullies are bullies. One, is because they have been bullied before. Two, they use it as a defense mechanism but that’s being too selfish, and three, is because that’s what they want to do. The reason why a person who gets bullied is because of their behavior such as shyness, and because of their appearance . These are the targets of bullies. They are the ones who can suffer from different types of Sickness. Bullying can cause them loneliness, depression, anxiety, low selfesteem, illness, Trauma, etc. But the worst reason of all is that, Bullying may also lead to Suicide. THE PERSON WHO BULLY THE PERSON WHO BULLIED 8
COMMENTARY Attitudes to bullying have changed in recent decades. Not so long ago, it was rather common to hear that bullying was a natural part of growing up, something you should just learn to cope with. Although less common now, these views have not gone away. In 2023, Helene Guldberg reanimated the issue; under the heading ‘Sorry, but it can be GOOD for children to be bullied’ , she said that ‘Today's obsession with the long-term effects of bullying means children are growing up without the social skills or toughness to exist and compete in the adult world. To me, that seems far more damaging to their development and their relationships with each other than any fight or insult could ever be’. A kernel of truth in Guldberg's argument is that possibly we do worry too much about the odd fight or insult between equals. Clearly, there are skills to develop in coping with provocations, and it is desirable to develop such skills. But as almost all definitions of bullying make clear, bullying involves an imbalance of power. It is not between equals, and it specifically does not include the odd fight or quarrel between reasonably equally matched peers. It is difficult for the victim to defend himself or herself. This difficulty may stem from lack of confidence; lack of physical strength; lack of friends for support; being outnumbered; or it may be related to prejudice, often because of gender, gender orientation, race/ethnicity, faith or disability. For victims of bullying, the damage to their development can in some cases be profound and long-lasting. The review by Arseneault (2023) thus serves an important purpose in reviewing the evidence for these developmental impacts, with a critical view on the nature and consistency of the evidence. Particularly valuable is the emphasis on longitudinal studies, and on twin studies, to establish the likelihood of a causal relationship from victim experiences to psychological and health outcomes (rather than, or more than, vice versa). Also important is her exploration of mechanisms for such effects and of moderating or mediating factors which may amplify or alternatively decrease these impacts. Finally, she draws important suggestions and implications for intervention. 9
CAUSES AND EFFECTS Cyberbullying : The anonymity and detachment provided by online platforms can encourage bullying behavior, as individuals may feel less accountable for their actions Family Factors: Children who experience neglect or abuse at home may resort to bullying as a way to exert control and feel a sense of power. Individual Factors: Individuals with low selfesteem may engage in bullying to feel more powerful and in control. The long term effects of school bullying on victims often follows them into adulthood. This impacts their ability to form trusting adult relationships. Most victims suffer from low self-esteem and a negative self-image The doer also will increase the crime rate this will be result the doer being charge with lawsuit that will affect their future The doer will develop bad behaviour such as short tempered , abuser and become aggressive 10 CAUSES EFFECTS THE VICTIMS THE DOER Victims of bullying may develop a negative self-image as they begin to believe the hurtful things said about them. They may come to see themselves as inadequate, unattractive, or flawed in some way. Victim will be afraid to go to school and it will causes the victim to fanxiety which resulting in the victim poor performance The doer will develop into adult who is a toxic to society and increase the social problem
CAUSES AND EFFECTS THE VICTIMS Continuously pressuring others can lead to strained or damaged relationships within the group Being subjected to peer pressure can create stress and anxiety for victim. They may worry about being judged or excluded if they don’t comply THE DOER The victim will often feel emotional distress, including feelings of sadness, anxiety, anger, or frustration. Victim also may struggle to cope with their emotion Personal issues can lead to emotional distress for the doer, including feelings of stress, anxiety, guilt or sadness Peer Pressure: Some individuals may bully others to fit in with a certain group or because they're influenced by their peers. Personal Issues: Some individuals bully others due to personal problems, low self-esteem, or a need to feel powerful and in control. 11 CAUSES EFFECTS To gain a sense of power
PART 2(B): OVERCOMING THE ISSUE suggestions/solutions/recommendations/predictions 12
SUGGESTIONS Parents of kids engaged in bullying Teachers and school administrators Students who being bullied Parents of kids being bullied Parents of kids engaged in bullying Stop bullying before it starts Educate your children about bullying. It is possible that your child is having trouble reading social signs and does not know what they are doing is hurtful. Make your home “bully free” Children learn behavior through their parents. Being exposed to aggressive behavior at home makes kids more prone to bully at school. Parents/caregivers should model positive examples for your child in your relationships with other people and with them. Parents of kids being bullied Observe your child for signs they might be being bullied Children may not always be vocal about being bullied. Signs include, ripped clothing, hesitation about going to school, nightmares, crying, or general depression and anxiety. If you discover your child is being bullied, have open-ended conversations what is really going on at school so that you can take the appropriate steps to rectify the situation. Teach your child how to handle being bullied Until something can be done on an administrative level, work with your child to handle bullying without being crushed or defeated. Practice scenarios at home where your child learns how to ignore a bully and/or develop assertive strategies for coping with bullying. 1 2 13 There are 4 category of people who contributes to prevent bullying
Students who being bullied Teachers and school administrators It is important for students to report any bullying to a parent or an adult they trust. It is important for kids to remember that bullying is wrong and should be handled by an adult. Report bullying and cyberbullying Whenever possible, avoid situations where there are no other students or teachers. Try to go to the bathroom with a friend or eat lunch in a group. When riding the bus, sit near the front. If you know a student who likes to bully others is in an area where you normally walk to lunch or class, try to use alternative hallway routes. Avoid being alone Be knowledgeable and observant Teachers and administrators need to be aware that although bullying generally happens in areas such as the bathroom, playground, and crowded as well as via cell phones and computers, it must be taken seriously. Teachers and administrators should emphasize that telling is not tattling Students and parents need to be a part of the solution and involved in safety teams and antibullying task forces. Parents, teachers, and school administrators can help students engage in positive behavior and teach them skills so that they know how to intervene when bullying occurs. Involve students and parents 3 4 14
SOLUTIONS Teach kindness and sympathy Minimize ‘concentric circles’ in schools. Learn to manage stress Finding healthy ways to relieve the stressgenerated by bullying can make you more resilient so you won't feel overwhelmed by negative experiences. Exercise, meditation, positive self-talk, muscle relaxation, and breathing exercises are all good ways to cope with the stress of bullying. From the earliest ages, students should participate in activities that boost social-emotional learning. As a teacher, find ways to help children understand and appreciate their identity as well as others’. In order to stop the spread of bullying from the leadership level down to students, start by looking within your own classroom. After a bad day or tense interaction with a colleague, try not to bring negativity into your teaching. Focus your energy on cultivating a learning environment built on positivity, openness, and support. Create an opportunities for connection In the classroom, start by creating a safe place for students to express themselves and feel heard. Outside of the classroom, facilitate opportunities for positive reinforcement by helping students get involved in afterschool activities 15
16 Talk to Someone 1. 2. Document the Bullying 3. Involve Authorities 4. Use Assertive 5. Seek Support Communication 6. Implement Safety Measures 2. Keep a record of incidents, including dates, times, locations, and descriptions of what happened. This documentation can be useful if you need to report the bullying or seek legal action. 3. If the bullying occurs at school, report it to the appropriate authorities. Schools have anti-bullying policies and can take action to address the issue. 5. Reach out to friends, family members, or support groups to share your experiences and feelings. Talking about the situation with others can provide emotional support and guidance. 6. If the bullying occurs online, adjust privacy settings on social media and block the bully. Avoid sharing personal information online. 1. it's crucial to speak to a trusted adult or authority figure about the situation. This could be a parent, teacher, school counselor, or supervisor, depending on where the bullying is taking place 4. When confronting the bully or reporting the bullying, use assertive, not aggressive, communication. State your feelings and needs calmly and firmly, without blaming or accusing.
From our point of view, this bullying case is one of the most popular cases especially among students and it will increase day by day if no action is taken to prevent it. Therefore, we must take steps and find initiatives so that this case of bullying can be reduced and there are no more victims of bullying. We hope that all parties will take this bullying case seriously because it will have a severe and traumatizing effect on the victims. 17 PREDICTION
CONCLUSION In conclusion, this scrapbook has discussed about bullying . Bullying is a complex issue. It has various forms. Verbal and physical bullying are direct forms of bullying that involve teasing or hitting a bullying victim. Relational and cyberbullying are indirect forms of bullying that consist of isolating someone from a social group or harassing them online. Whatever the form of bullying, it can deeply affect the person bullied. Many that are bullied commit suicide. The ones that do not commit suicide have an altered view of the world. To stop bullying, it is important to recognize the signs, to make bullying a thing of the past, not the present or future. 18
DEFINITION: WHAT IS BULLYING? Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of an imbalance of physical or social power. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict. Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostile intent, imbalance of power and repetition over a period of time. Bullying can be done individually or by a group, called mobbing, in which the bully may have one or more followers who are willing to assist the primary bully or who reinforce the bully by providing positive feedback such as laughing. Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse". Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism. The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons" , and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways". Individual bullying is usually characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person. A bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. This may include school, family, the workplace, the home, and neighborhoods. The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture is on social media websites. In a 2023 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor [of bullying] was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior." A study by The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health in 2023 showed a relationship between social media use by girls and an increase in their exposure to bullying. 19
PHYSICAL BULLYING Physical bullying is the most obvious form of bullying. It occurs when kids use physical actions to gain power and control over their targets. Physical bullies tend to be bigger, stronger, and more aggressive than their peers. Examples of physical bullying include kicking, hitting, punching, slapping, shoving, and other physical attacks. Unlike other forms of bullying, physical bullying is the easiest to identify. As a result, it is most likely what people think of when they think of bullying. Additionally, it has historically received more attention from schools than other more subtle forms of bullying. VERBAL BULLYING Perpetrators of verbal bullying use words, statements, and name-calling to gain power and control over a target. Typically, verbal bullies will use relentless insults to belittle, demean, and hurt another person. They choose their targets based on the way they look, act, or behave. It’s also common for verbal bullies to target kids with special needs.1Verbal bullying is often very difficult to identify because attacks almost always occur when adults aren’t around. As a result, it is often one person’s word against another’s. Additionally, many adults feel that things kids say don’t impact others significantly. As a result, they usually tell the victim of bullying to “ignore it.” But verbal bullying should be taken seriously CYBERBULLYING When a tween or a teen uses the Internet, a smartphone, or other technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person, it is cyberbullying. If an adult is involved in the harassment, it is called cyber-harassment or cyberstalking. Examples of cyberbullying include posting hurtful images, making online threats, and sending hurtful emails or texts. Because teens and tweens are always plugged in, cyberbullying is a growing issue among young people. It’s also becoming more widespread because bullies can harass their targets with much less risk of being caught.Cyberbullies often say things that they do not have the courage to say face-to-face. Technology makes them feel anonymous, insulated, and detached from the situation. To the targets of cyberbullying, it feels invasive and never-ending. Bullies can get to them anytime and anywhere, often in the safety of their own homes. As a result, the consequences of cyberbullying are significant. SEXUAL BULLYING Sexual bullying consists of repeated, harmful, and humiliating actions that target a person sexually. Examples include sexual name-calling, crude comments, vulgar gestures, uninvited touching, sexual propositioning, and pornographic materials. A bully might make a crude comment about a peer's appearance, attractiveness, sexual development, or sexual activity. In extreme cases, sexual bullying opens the door to sexual assault. Girls are often the targets of sexual bullying both by boys and by other girls. Boys might touch them inappropriately, make crude comments about their bodies, or proposition them. Girls might call other girls names like “slut” or “tramp," make insulting comments about their appearance or body, and engage in slut-shaming. Sexting also can lead to sexual bullying. If a girl sends a photo of herself to a boyfriend, he may share that photo widely if they break up. She becomes the target of sexual bullying because people make fun of her body, call her crude names, and make vulgar comments about her. Some boys may even see this as an open invitation to proposition her or sexually assault her. 20 PREJUDICIAL BULLYING Prejudicial bullying is based on prejudices tweens and teens have toward people of different races, religions, or sexual orientation. This type of bullying can encompass all the other types of bullying. When prejudicial bullying occurs, kids are targeting others who are different from them and singling them out.
21 The key characteristics of bullying are: • It is done to control and/or destroy another person, often with the intent of forcing them out of the company • It assaults their dignity, trustworthiness, competence, and self-worth • It makes the target feel responsible and guilty • It isolates and confuses the target • It is usually long-lasting, repeated, and escalates in severity Effects of Bullying Bullying can affect everyone—those who are bullied, those who bully, and those who witness bullying. Bullying is linked to many negative outcomes including impacts on mental health, substance use, and suicide. It is important to talk to kids to determine whether bullying—or something else—is a concern. Kids Who are Bullied Kids who are bullied can experience negative physical, social, emotional, academic, and mental health issues. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience: • Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood. • Health complaints • Decreased academic achievement—GPA and standardized test scores—and school participation. They are more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school. Kids Who Bully Others Kids who bully others can also engage in violent and other risky behaviors into adulthood. Kids who bully are more likely to: • Abuse alcohol and other drugs in adolescence and as adults • Get into fights, vandalize property, and drop out of school • Engage in early sexual activity • Have criminal convictions and traffic citations as adults • Be abusive toward their romantic partners, spouses, or children as adults Bystanders Kids who witness bullying are more likely to: • Have increased use of tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs • Have increased mental health problems, including depression and anxiety • Miss or skip school